Contents
Preface ............................................................................... vii

Companion Website ............................................................ ix
Terminology ......................................................................... ix
Acknowledgments ............................................................... x
1. Introduction ................................................................ 1
1.1 Historical Development of Gasification ....................... 1
1.2 Gasification Today ...................................................... 5
2. The Thermodynamics of Gasification ...................... 9

2.1 Reactions .................................................................... 10
2.2 Thermodynamic Modeling of Gasification ................... 13
2.3 Deductions from the Thermodynamic Model .............. 17
2.4 Optimizing Process Conditions ................................... 23
3. The Kinetics of Gasification and Reactor Theory ... 29

3.1 Kinetics ....................................................................... 29
3.2 Reactor Theory ........................................................... 35
3.3 Applications to Reactor Design .................................. 38
4. Feedstocks and Feedstock Characteristics ............ 41

4.1 Coals and Coke .......................................................... 41
4.2 Liquid and Gaseous Feedstocks ................................ 53
4.3 Biomass ...................................................................... 67
4.4 Wastes ........................................................................ 76
This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. v

vi Contents
5. Gasification Processes ............................................. 85

5.1 Moving-bed Processes ............................................... 87
5.2 Fluid-bed Gasifiers ..................................................... 98
5.3 Entrained-flow Gasifiers ............................................. 109
5.4 Oil Gasification and Partial Oxidation of Natural
Gas ............................................................................. 128
5.5 Biomass Gasification .................................................. 147
5.6 Gasification of Wastes ................................................ 155
5.7 Black Liquor Gasification ............................................ 159
5.8 Miscellaneous Processes ........................................... 161
6. Practical Issues .......................................................... 171

6.1 Effect of Pressure ....................................................... 171
6.2 Pressurization of Coal ................................................ 173
6.3 Coal Sizing and Drying ............................................... 183
6.4 Reactor Design ........................................................... 184
6.5 Burners ....................................................................... 191
6.6 Synthesis Gas Cooling ............................................... 192
6.7 Particulate Removal ................................................... 200
6.8 Process Measurement ................................................ 201
6.9 Trace Components of Raw Synthesis Gas ................. 208
6.10 Choice of Oxidant ........................................................ 219
6.11 Corrosion Aspects ....................................................... 223
7. Applications ............................................................... 231

7.1 Chemicals ................................................................... 231
7.2 Synfuels ...................................................................... 252
7.3 Power ......................................................................... 259
8. Auxiliary Technologies ............................................. 293

8.1 Oxygen Supply ........................................................... 293
8.2 Synthesis Gas Treating .............................................. 298
This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

Contents vii
8.3 Catalytic Gas Conditioning ......................................... 315

8.4 Sulfur Recovery .......................................................... 320
9. Economics, Environmental, and Safety Issues ....... 329

9.1 Economics .................................................................. 329
9.2 Environmental Issues ................................................. 335
9.3 Safety ......................................................................... 347
10. Gasification and the Future ...................................... 355
Appendices
Appendix A: Companion Website ...................................... 359
Appendix B: Conversion Factors ....................................... 361
Appendix C: Emissions Conversion Factors ...................... 367
Appendix D: Guidelines for Reporting Operating
Statistics for Gasification Facilities ................ 369
Appendix E: Basis for Calculations .................................... 373
Nomenclature ................................................................... 375
List of Names and Abbreviations .................................... 377
Index .................................................................................. 381
This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

Toc

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Toc

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Toc

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Contents

Preface ............................................................................... vii

2. The Thermodynamics of Gasification ...................... 9

3. The Kinetics of Gasification and Reactor Theory ... 29

4. Feedstocks and Feedstock Characteristics ............ 41

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation. v

5. Gasification Processes ............................................. 85

6. Practical Issues .......................................................... 171

7. Applications ............................................................... 231

8. Auxiliary Technologies ............................................. 293

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

8.3 Catalytic Gas Conditioning ......................................... 315

9. Economics, Environmental, and Safety Issues ....... 329

10. Gasification and the Future ...................................... 355

Nomenclature ................................................................... 375

List of Names and Abbreviations .................................... 377

Index .................................................................................. 381

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

You might also like