World War I

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First World War

I.
I A New Type of War
II. Underlying Causes
(Levels of Analysis)
III. Outbreak of War
IV Explaining
IV. E l i i theh W War
V.
V Fallout
I. A New Type of War
z Global War z Unprecedented
z Total War C
Carnage
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Gas Victims
II. Levels of Analysis – A. International
z 1. Germany Unification z 2. Military Planning (Rapid)
3. Balance of Power in Europe
B. State/Domestic Level
z Nationalism
z Social Darwinism
z Multinational Empires
(Austria--Hungary and Ottoman)
(Austria
z A
Aggressive
i GGerman P
Policies
li i
z Social Unrest
z Complacency about War

Kaiser Wilhelm II
Ethnic Groups in Austria
Austria--Hungary
Enthusiasm at the Outbreak of War

Adolph Hitler in Munich,


Munich August 1914
C. Individual Level Factors
z Weakness of the Key Leaders
z Kaiser Wilhelm II
z Tsar Nicholas
z Emperor Franz
Franz--Joseph (Austria)
z Dominance of Military
Planners in Decision-
Decision-Making
z Germany’s
y Schlieffen Plan

T
Tsar Nicholas
Ni h l
Germany’s Schlieffen Plan
III. Outbreak of War
z July 1914: Austrian
A hd k Franz-
Archduke Franz
F -
Ferdinand visits
S j
Sarajevo
z Serb ‘Black Hand’
and Gavrillo Princip

The mug shot that


launched millions
of deaths
The Initial German Advance
z Germany’s
Germany s advance
halted at the Battle
of the Marne
z “Race to the Sea”
z Four years of
stalemate on the
Western Front
Advances in First World War
IV. Explaining the War: Realism
IV. Explaining the War: Liberalism
IV: Explaining the War: Identity
(Combined) Causes of World War I
V. Fallout from WW I
z Attempts to Reduce German Power
z War Guilt
z Reparations
z Reduced
R d dB Borders
d
z Disarmament
z New States
N S (S
(Self
(Self-
lf-Determination)
D i i )
z Collective Security
z Revolution in Russia
z Psychological/Cultural
Europe 1921

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