MATERIAL SCIENCE (AMIE)

Q.
N Questions
o.
1a Calculate the volume of FCC unit cell in terms of the atomic radius R. Also calculate It's packing factor.
Why are the most metals and alloys used in common applications polycrystalline in nature ? Is it possible to form single crystals of metals and alloys
1b
measuring grain size in metals and alloys ?
2a What is Burger's Vector ? How does dislocation density influence mechanical properties ? Is dislocation density in materials influenced by annealing
2b Explain phenomenon of yielding in mild steel. Why is the yield point in copper not distinct ?
3a Briefly explain the mechanism of fatigue crack initiation in metals ?
3b How does creep differ from high temperature fatigue ? Explain different stages of creep ?
3c What is Tharmal Fatigue, explain with an example ?
4a What is diamagnetism and paramagnetism? Explain in brief. Name one material of each type ?
Calculate (i) The saturation magnetisation and (ii) the saturation flux density for Nickel, which has a density of 8.90 g/cm3. Atomic weight of Nicke
4b
atom =0.6 Bhor magneton µB = 9.27*10-24 Am2 and µ0 = 4 π* 10-7 h/m
4c Cite the similarities and differences between ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials.
What is the nature of bonding in semiconductivity materials ? What is meant by semiconductor device and what are typical components of a semicon
5a
materials and explain their applications ? Name a dielectric material.
5b What is the disctinction between electronic and ionic conduction ? Explain with suitable examples ?
5c Is it possible for compound semiconductors to exibit intrinsic behaviour ?
6a A bimetallic strip is constructed from strips of two different metals that are bonded along their lengths. Explain how such device may be used in a th
6b The thermal conductivity of plain carbon steel is greater than that of stainless steel . Explain why it is so.
7a What is meant by critical resolved shear stress. Derive it's expression.
7b-
Explain phenomenon of Recovery
i
7b-
Explain phenomenon of Recrystallisation
ii
7b-
Explain phenomenon of Grain growth
iii
8a-
Full Annealing, assuming a medium carbon steel, explain final mocro structure.
i
8a-
Normalising, assuming a medium carbon steel, explain final mocro structure.
ii
8a-
Quenching and Tempering, assuming a medium carbon steel, explain final mocro structure.
iii
8b Cite three sources of internal resudual stress in metal components. What are the possible adverse consequences of these stresses ?
8c Briefly explain the difference between Hardness and Hardenability.
1a Describe n-type and p-type semiconductors with structural reasoning. Give an example for each.
1b Explain ferromagnetism with B-H loop
1c What is slip ? How it is measured ? Distinguish slip with twinning. Why stress required for slip in actual metals which is considerably less than the th
1d What is precipitation hardening ? How does it differ with dispersion hardening ?
2a Calculate he atoms per unit cell of metallic zinc. Draw (121) plane and <121> direction in a cubic lattice.
2b Calculate the planner density of atoms in (111) plane of aluminium. [Atomic radius of aluminium -0.143 nm]
2c Define [i] Screw dislocation [ii] Jog [iii] Stacking Fault Energy [iv] Shokely Partial [v] Low angle grain boundry [vi] Critical resolved shear stress
2d Discuss the mechanism of dislocation multiplication by Frank-Read Source.
3a Copper is a conductor but silicon is a semiconductor- explain and illustrate with their electronic configurations.
3b State the basic differences between metallic Bond and Ionic Bond
3c Why does continuous cold working make a material harder ? How can it's softness be recovered ?
3d Rolling of pure lead at room temperature can be called hot rolling - explain
4a Name a thermoplastic and a thermosetting polymer. State two characteristics in each case.
4b Discuss the electrochemical phenomenon of corrosion.
4c Describe [i] Cathodic Protection [ii] Anodic Protection in this connection.
4d Explain the phenomenon of sensitization in stainless steel.
 Draw a nominal stress-strain diagram of a ductile material and indicate [i] Proportional Limit [ii] Yield Point [iii] Initiatian of necking. Show how yi
5a
elongation can be measred from the diagram.
5b Explain temper brittleness and it's problem.
5c What is Martensite ? What are Ms and M90 in T-T-T diagram ? In dualphase steels, why the martensite is not hard ?
5d Difference between Pearlitic reaction and Bainitic reaction.
6a Distinguish between Fire Clay and Sillimanite refractories. Discuss the importance of Pure Oxide refractories for modern furnaces.
6b Explain Slip Casting.
Draw a conventional creep curve (high temperature) indicating different stages of creep behaviour and show how vreep rate is determined. Explain w
6c
material or a fine grained material would be preffered for creep resistance.
6d How can one justify that creep is a diffusion controlled process.
Annealing produces softer material while normalising produces stronger-justify. During heat treatement, why hypo-eutectoid carbon steels are heated
7a
heated over AC1 only ?
7b Calculate the percentage of pro-eutectoid ferrite and total ferrite in 0.2 % carbon steel.
7c What is brittle to ductile transition temperature ? State it's importance in materials in sub-zero applications. Name atleast three materials that can be u
7d Why (70/30) brass is more ductile than (60/40) brass ?
8a Discuss the effects of following allowing elements in steel (i) Nickel (ii) Tungsten (iii) Manganese.
8b Explain (i) Strain Hardening Exponent (ii) Super Plasticity.
8c What is high speed steel ? What is red hardness ? State the reason of it's occurance.
8d Enumerate different methods of improving fatigue resistance of materials.
1a Discuss the structure of an atom with reference to Bhor's Theory. Riefly explain the model proposed by Rutherford.
1b How is a simple molecule of hydrogen is formed ? What are the typical intermolecular bonding mechanisms ? Describe the intermolecular bonding i
1c With the elp of neat sketches differentiate Grain and Crystal. How does grain formation occur as molten metal is cooled to room temperature ?
2a Defne the term Crystal and explain the following terms (i) Space Lattice (ii) Unit cell (iii) Effective number of atoms (iv) Packing factor.
2b What is Polymorphism ? Give atleast two examples of polymorphism in materials.
2c Describe the method used for identifying planes and directions in a crystal lattice. How are the families of planes and directions represented ?
3a What is a magnetic dipole ? Explain why only some elements show magnetic behaviour.
3b Describe following, with the help of neat sketches (i) Ferromagnetism (ii) Paramagnetism (iii) Diamagnetism.
3c Define intrinsic and extrinsic seemiconductors. Explain how holes and electrons are created in an intrinsic silicon semiconductor.
4a Distinguish between ductils and brittle fractre. Draw typical stress-strain curves for a hypo-eutectoid plane carbon steel and white cast iron and label
4b What are dielectric materials ? Discuss their properties and factors affecting it's properties.
4c Define fatigue and creep. Describe a creep testing experiment and draw a typical creep curve.
5a Draw a representative TTT curve for eutectoid steel. What would be the effect of carbon and boran aditions on the TTT curve ?
5b Differentiate between annealing and normalising. Discuss the purposes for which these treatements are done.
5c What is the difference between hardness and hardenability ? Name different hardness testing machines., indentors used and general testing procedure
6a Differentiate between work hardening and precipitation hardening and discuss the mechanism of work hardening.
6b ritically compare the following (i) Cold Working and Hot Working (ii) Defromation by slip and twinning.
6c What are the austempering and martempering ? Why are these treatements given only to certain alloys ?
7a Write short notes on the following (i) Acid and basic refractories and their applications. (ii) Critically resolved shear stress (iii) Corrosion and it's con
8a Write molecular structures of natural and vulcanized rubber.
8b Explain why thermoplastics are reshaped at elevated temperatures and not the thermosetting polymers.
8c What are heat resisting alloys ? Give chemical compositions of rail steel, hadfield steel and coinage bronze.
1a Show that the atomic packing fraction for BCC crystal is 0.68
1b Briefly describe the electronic structure of an atom.
1c Name the crystal structures (BCC, FCC or HCP) for the following meals : Magnesium, Alpha Iron, Copper and Aluminium.
1d Distinguish between Unit Cell and Space Lattice.
2a What were the major differenciences in Rutherford's nuclear model ? How ware these overcome by Bhor ?
2b Explain the terms, True Stress, True Strain, Engineering Stress and Engneering Strain.
2c Distinguish between upper and lower yield points.
3a Sketch neatly a typical creep curve and explain it's various stages. Show how the curve would alter on varying the tempeature.
3b An aluminium bar of 24 mm*30 mm cross section is under a load of 7000 kg and a steel bar of diameter 10 mm is under a load of 5000 kg. Which pa
3c What is meant by ductile-britle transition temperature ? How can this temperature be controlled ?
3d Draw neatly the engineering stress-strain curve for mild steel.
4a By applying the principel of Zone theory explain the difference between conductors, insulators and semiconductors.
4b Explain why repeatedly dropping a permanent magnet on the floor causes it's demagnetisation.
4c Explain the fllowing (i) Magnetisation (ii) Diamagnetisation (iii) Relative permeability and (iv) Domain.
5a What are the general properties of polymaric materias ?
5b Explain briefly a polymarisation mechanism.
5c Explain two methods of prevnting corrosion.
5d What are the main characteristics of ceramic materials ?
5e Differentiate between insulators and refractories.
6a Difference between Cold working and Hot Working.
6b What is meant by the term "Recovery" in metals ?
6c How are the bearing alloys classified ? Explain briefly the applications of bearing bronzes.
6d Explain the phenomenon of work hardening in metals.
6e Explainthe mechanism of slip by dislocation.
7a What are the purposes of normalising ? How does normalising differ from full annealing ?
7b What are the benefits of alloying in general ? Whar are the effects of chromium as alloying element on the properties of steel ?
7c What are heat resisting steels ? Give a typical composition of a heat resisting steel used for gas turbine blades.
7d Explaing briefly the factors responsible for plastic deformation in polycrystalline materials.
8a Explain Critical cooling rate.
8b Explain Jominy's Quench Test.
8c Explain Bauschinger's Effect.
8d Explain Galvanic corrosion.
8e Explain Martensitic transformation.
1a Draw the planes (110) and (111) in a simple cubic crystal.
1b Describe primary and secondary bonds with examples.
1c Copper has an FCC crystal structure and a unit cell with a lattice constant of 0.316 nm. What is it's interplanar spacing d220 ?
A hydrogen atom exists with it's electron in the n=3 state. The electron undergoes a transition to the n=2 state. Calculate (i) The energy of the photon
1d
wavelength (iv) It's energy emitted or absorbed in the transition.
2a Claculate the volume of the zinc crystal unit cell by using the following data. Zinc has HCP crystal structure with a=0.2665 nm and c= 0.4947 nm.
2b Explain the mechanism of crack initiation and growth when a metal is subjected to cyclic stresses.
2c The flow curve equation of annealed 7075 aluminium alloy at room temperature is given by σ =k Єn, where k=400 mPa and n= 0.21. Calculate the te
3a Sketch schematically a generalised creep curve for metallic materials. How does the creep tare vary along the curve ? Explain the effect of stress and
Wha is the probability of an electron being thermally promoted to the conduction band in (i) Diamond [Eg= 5.6 eV] (ii) Silicon [Eg=1.07 eV] at roo
3b
K=86.2*10-6 eV.K-1.
3c Explain the various types of magnetism. What is the difference between soft and hard magnets ?
4a Explain (i) Seebeck Effect (ii) Meissner Effect.
4b Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor.
Compute the thermal conductivity k of sodium at 0 degree centigrade or 273 degree kelvin using below given data : ao= 4.29 A, k=1.38*10-3, tc=3.1
4c
m=9.11*10-31.
A wire sample 1 mm in diameter by 1m in length of an aluminium alloy is placed in an electrical circuit. A voltage drop of 432 mV is measured acro
4d
current. Calculate the conductivity of this alloy.
5a Explain briefly : Lead can creep under it's own weight at room temperature.
5b Explain briefly : Yield point phenomenon is observed in low carbon steel.
5c Sketch Edge and Screw dislocations.
5d Explain briefly :Difference in mechanical properties of fine and coarse grained materials.
6a Explain the meanings and significances of the following properties of refractoris : (i) Pyrometric cone equivalent (ii) Refractories under load (iii) Spa
6b Distinguish between thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics.
6c What is meant by the term compounding of plastics ? What are the functions of ingradients used in compoundings of plastics ?
Zinc is corroding with a current density of 3.427*10-7 A/cm2. What is the corrosion rate in (i) milligrams per square centimetre per second (mcs) an
6d
day (mdd) ?
7a Give the compositions, properties and applicaions of following : (i) Gun Metal (ii) Duralumin.
Sketch the Fe-Fe3 C diagram that represents the temperature ranges used for (i) Full Annealing (ii) Normalisi0ng (iii) Speroidizing (iv) Stress Relief
7b
Annealing.
7c Define hardenability. Explain the effect of grain size and chemical composition on hardenbility.
7d Explain the characteristics of martensite.
A tensile stress of 15 mPa applied on [1 TO 0] axis of a single crystal of silver is just sufficient to cause slip on the [1 T T] [0 T 1] system. Calculate
8a
[Hint cos tita = 2/root of 6, cos lambda = 1/2].
8b Distinguish between martempering and austempering in terms of (i) Process (ii) Advantages (iii) Application and (iv) Limitation with neat skecthes.
8c Explain the characteristics of tin based Babbit metal that make it suitable as a bearing material.
8d Distinguish between (i) Hot shortness and Cold shortness (ii) Hot working an dCold working.
1a What do you understand by metallic bonding ? Why it is non-directional in nature ? Distinguish it from covelent bonding. What is meant by seconda
 Explaing (i) Why covelent bonded solids are poor electrical conductors ? (ii) Why Ionically bonded solids usually show melting points ? (iii) How is
1b
between two like atoms is fixed at degree kelvin? What is meant by bond energy (iv) Calculate teh void fraction in BCC crystal.
2a Draw two FCC unit cells side by side. Construct from within the two, one body centered tetragonal unit cell. Calculate it's c/a ratio.
2b What is Burger's Vector ? State, how you can determine the Burger's Vector of an edge dislocation.
2c What is critical resolved shear stress ? Derive an expression for the same.
2d Describe how the microstructural changes are effected when a single phase alloy is heavily cold worked and then annealed.
Distnguish between (i) Slip an dTwinning (ii) Elastic and Plastic Strain (iii) Tanscrystalline and intercrystalline failure (iv) Point defects an dline def
3a
Ultimate Strength.
3b What is meant by Polygonisation ? Explain the echanism involved in Polygonisation.
4a What is creep ? Draw a typical creep curve showing different stages of creep. Explaing the mechanisms involved in creep.
4b (i) Describe the mechanism of brittle fracture in materials. (ii) Explain why fatigue failure is initiated from the surface of a body.
5a Explain-Metal are solids with partly filled zones.
5b Explain-Repulsive force between two like atoms is short range in nature.
5c Explain-Semiconductors have negative temperature co-efficient of resistance.
5d Explain-Pressure of small scale discontinuies in metals increases it's resistivity whereas larger scale microstructural features do not affect the resitivi
5e Transition metals are eiher ferromagnetic or strongly paramagnetic in nature.
6 Write short note on (i) Brillion Zones (ii) Impurity semiconductors (iii) Dielectric materials (iv) Free electron theory in metals (v) factors affecting el
7 Differentiate between (i) Annealing and Normalising (ii) TTT and CCT diagrams (iii) Hardness and Hardenability (iv) Martensite and Pearlite (v) Ca
8a Enumerate the various types of corrosions normally encountered in materials. Explain the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking. Describe some us
8b What do you understand by polymerisation ? State the characteristics of long chain polymers. Describe briefly the deformation behaviour of plastics
For BCC iron, compute (i) the interplaner spacing (ii) the diffraction angle for [211] set of planes. The lattice parameter for Fe is 0.2866 nm [2.866 A
1a
radiation having a wavelength of 0.1542 nm [1.542 A] is used, and order of reflection is 1.
1b Indicate millers indice for (i) Octahedral Plane (ii) Dodecahedral Plane. In BCC and FCC structures showing neat sketches of their unit cell.
1c What will be the Miller indices for close packed directions in y iron ? Show with a neat sketch.
2a Differentiate between the mechanisms of Fatigue and Creep.
2b Explain the various types of magnetisms. What is the difference between Soft and Hard magnets.
2c Explain the effects of Stress and Temperature on the steady state creep rate.
2d How do you ehnance creep resistance of steel ? Which temperature is important for a creep resistant alloy ?
3a What do you mean by dislocation density ? How does it influence various mechanical properties ?
3b Explain the cause of brittle fracture of ductile material subjected to cyclic loading.
3c On a Stress-Strain diagram illustrate the following (i) Elastic Limit (ii) Yield Stress (iii) Ultimate Tensile Strangth.
3d How do you measure impact toughness ?
4a In terms of electron energy band structure, discuss reasons for the difference in electrical conductivity between metals, semiconductors and insulator
Briefly explain why the magnitude of the saturation magnetisation decreases with increasing temperature for ferromagnetic materials, and why ferrom
4b
temperature ?
5a Explain the difference between Resolved Shear Stress and Critical Resolved Shear Stress.
5b Do all metals have the same Slip system ? Why or why not ?
5c Sketch Edge and Screw dislocations.
5d Why are most metals and alloys used in engineering applications polycrystalline in nature ?
6a Give compositions, properties and applications of (i) Gun metal (ii) Duralumin.
6b Draw steel portion of iron-carbon phase diagram and give classification of steel based on their structure.
6c Explain difference between (i) Hot working and Cold working (ii) Hot shortness and Cold shortness.
6d Distinguish between martempering and austempering giving suitable examples for their applications.
7a Explain TTT curves for a steel. How are they drawn ?
7b How do the alloying elements affects tehse TTT curves ? Explain with skecthes.
7c Briefly describe the phenomenon of superheating and supercooling. Why do they occur ?
7d Provide two reasons why martensite is so hard and brittle ?
8a Briefly describe the microstructural difference between speroidite and tempered martensite.
8b Explain the tempered martensite is much harder and stronger than speroidite.
8c Difference between the steel used for cutting tools and forming dies, with reference to the heat treatement applied to them.
8d Explain in brief the Bauchinger effect.
1a Draw the following lattcices BCC,FCC and HCP. Determini for each (i) Effective number of atoms (ii) Packing factor (iii) Co-ordination number
1b Explain Rutherford's model of an atom and mention it's disadvantages. How was Bhor's model better than Rutherfrd's model ?
2a Draw he stress strain curve for (i) Brittle material (ii) Ductile material. And give examples for each.
2b The engineering stress and strain at fracture were found to be 450 Mpa and 0.63 respectively. Determine the true stress and true strain.
2c Define Creep and Fatigue. How is creep and fatigue data is presented ? Give neat sketches.
2d Mention the mechanisms responsible for thermal conductvity in materials. What is the dominant mechanism in metals ?
3a With energy band gap diagrams differentiate between insulators, conductors and semiconductors.
3b Define (i) Curie Temperature (ii) Anti Ferromagnetism (iii) Diamagnetism (iv) Permeability.
3c Mention atleast one application of the following (i) Hard magnets (ii) Soft magnets (iii) Dielectrics (iv) Semiconductors (v) Ferroelectrics (vi) Super
4a Discuss the martensites transformation. What are Ms and Mf temperatures ? What factors determine the Ms and Mf temperature ?
4b Define Hardness and Hardenability.
4c Describe Jominy end quench test.
4d Mention the factors that affect Hardenability.
5a Define (i) Polymerisation (ii) degree of polymerisation (iii) Vulcanisation.
5b Define corrosion. Mention various forms. Discuss the corrosion control measures.
6a Differentiate between (i) Slip and twinning (ii) Hot and Cold working (iii) Elastic and Plastic deformation.
6b Briefly explain (i) Bauschinger's effect (ii) Season Cracking (iii) Work hardening (iv) Polygonisation.
6c Calculate the critical resolved shear stress in the following diagram
7a Draw a T-T-T diagram of an eutectoid steel and label all areas and phases.
7b What is Annealing ?
7c Explain Recovery, Recrystallization and Grain Growth.
8a Write a note the effect of alloying element additions to a plain carbon steel.
8b Give some applications for following (i) Medium Carbon Steel (ii) High Carbon Steel (iii) Cast Iron
8c Write notes on (i) Babbit materials (ii) Nuclear Metals (iii) Die Steels (iv) Magnetic Alloys.
1a An element with an atomic number 50 has all it's iner energy levels filled up expect 4f level, which is empty. Determine it's expected valence.
1b State and briefly explain the Pauli's exclusion principle.
1c Topaz, an orthorhombic semi-precious stone has a ratio of a:b:c of 0.529:1:0.477. Find the Miller indices of the face whose intercept is as below : 0.2
A 3.5 mm titanium wire is drawn througha 3 mm diameter die, producing a wire having a yield strength of 100 MPa and a tensile strength of 550 MP
1d
wire. [Given the modulas of elasticity of titanim=112GPa] .
2a Draw a neat skecth of iron-carbon phase diagram and label the various phase fields. Write down the various phase reactions occuring in this system.
Outline the differences between the following pairs: (i) Slip and Twinning (ii) Fatigue and Creep (iii) Extrinsic and Intrinsic semiconductor (iv) hom
2b
(v) Hot and Cold working.
3a With the help of suitable diagram , explain the grain growth pattern in a sand cast steel containing 0.35 % carbon. Describe the process to refine the g
3b Describe a practical method of assessing the depth of hardening of a steel.
3c Compare the methods available for increasing the creep strength of acrystalline solid.
4a What are the self-lubricating bearings ? Give three suitable examples of the materials used and state their specific application also.
4b Show how the True-Stress true-Strain diagram helps to explain the extent of plastic deformation and strain hardening of materials.
4c State the objectives of pre-sintering and sintering.
5a Give a brief account of galvanic corrosion of metals.
5b Outline the factors which control the increasing sensivity of aoolys to intragranual corrosion.
The microstructure of an iron-carbon alloy at 800 degree centregrade contains 25 % Fe3C, and 75 % y (having 0.92 % C). Calculate the total carbon
5c
rule.
5d With he help of four-parameter model explain the c behaviour of polymer.
6a What are High Speed Steels ? Give the composition, properties and applications of die steel.
6b menton the important requirements of electrical insulaors.
6c Explain the anistropy and magnetorestriction of magnetic materials. How do they affect the permeability of magnetic materials ?
7a What are Cermets ? State their basic properties and uses.
What is meant by Brittle Transition Temperature of the material ? How it can be estimated ? Name a polymer which retains it's ductility even upto 10
7b
suitable reasonings.
Define Monomer and Polymer. Write the typical polymeric repeat structures for both addition and condensation polymerisation. Which of the metho
7c
? Explain.
Explain what is meant by the terms piezoelectric and pyroelectric when applied to materials. How would you determine whether or not a material wa
8a
ferroelectric.
8b Explain how Annealing, Normalising and Hardening of steel is carried out. Discuss the various objectives for carrying out these heat treatement proc
(i) Write down the electronic configurations of atoms having atomic numbers Z=10,Z=18 and Z=26. (ii) Explain the reason for poor conductivity of
1a
model of a hydrogen atom (iv) How many atoms are there in 1 gm of copper? Given atomic weight of copper is 63.5 gm/mol. And Avagadro's numb
(i) Name the types of primary bonds in following solids Silica [SiO2], Aluminium [Al], Cesium Chloride [csCl] (ii) Draw the conventional unit cells
1b BCT-iron, Graphite (iii) On the basis of the crystal structure, calculate the packing factor of Goldlattice. Also calculate the atomic radius of iron at 20
0.287 nm.
(i) Regroup the materials in order of conductors, semiconductors and insulators : Diamond, Silicon, Graphite, Polyethylene and Aluminium (ii) Why
2a
increasing the temperature, why does the electrical conductivity of metals in eneral decrease but those of insulators increases ? (iv) Describe briefly t
 semiconductor.
2b (i) What is Ferromagnetism ? How does it differ from diamagnetism ? (ii) Draw the conventional B-H curves for a hard magnet and a soft magnet, in
(i) Draw the nature of engineering Stress-Strain diagrams fro gray cast iron and 70/30 brass [Cartridge brass] (ii) How does the engineering Stress-St
3a
diagram ? (iii) What are the units of True Stress and True Strain in MKS ystem ?
3b Derive the relationship between True Stress and Engineering Stress and True Strain with Engineering Strain.
Draw the nature of S-N [Stress vs. Nuber of cycles of failure] curve of fatigue failure for medium carbon steel and aluminium, indicating their endur
3c
lower than tensile strangth ?
(i) Why is corrosion is called electrochemical phenomenon ? (ii) Write down the Nernst Equation (iii) The EMF of the standard Mg-Cu galvanic cell
4a the oxidation of Mg is -2.36 V, what is the standard half-cell emf of copper ? (iv) Draw the electrode kinetic behaviour of a pure metal [say Zinc] in
corr and I corr.
4b (i) Give examples of a galvanic corrision and a pitting corrosion (ii) Why are pure metals more corrosion resistant than impure metals ?
(i) Explain Homopolymer and Copolymer, with their schematic molecular chain arrangements. (ii) If a particular type of polyethylene has a molecula
4c
avarage degree of polymerisation ?
(i) Define Slip, Twinning, Burger's Vector, Jog, Edge dislocation, with schematic diagrams [Burger's Vetctor may be shown in a Burger's Circuit] (ii
directions for pure Zinc ? (Draw necessary diagrams) (iii) Why do single crystals of pure FCC metals like Silver have low value of critical resolved s
5a
same orientation (iv) A brass sheet is 9.5 mm thick and is cold rolled with a 30 % reduction in thickness. What will be the final thickness of the shee
properties by the final rolled product? Explain (v) What is the ductile to brittle impact transition temperature ?
(i) What do you mean by Recrystallisation Temperature ? (ii) If it takes 5*10+3 min to recrystallize a piece of aluminium at 250 degree centigrade an
completely, what is the activation energy for the process, assuming teh process obeys Arrhenius type rate equation and the time to recrystallize = C.e
6a
T is in Kelvins, Q is teh activation energy in J/Mol and C is a constant (iii) Dstinguish between Hot working and Cold working (iv) Draw teh nature
indicate it's different stages.
(i) Explain the stages of a cup and cone fracture (ii) Why are the surface hardening treatements often used to improve the performance of a steel shaf
6b
say how can the polycrystalline metals be strangthened ? (iv) List two ways of processing by which preffered orientation of grains can be obtained in
(i) Draw the cooling cuves for Martempering and Austempering operations for a eutectoid plain carbon steel, superimposed on TTT diagrams [Use s
7a eutectoid temperature of steels affected by additions of austenite or ferrite stabilizing alloying elements (iii) Differentiate between any two Annealing
Hardness and Hardenability or Brass and Bronze.
7b Define any three Pearlite, Bainite, Martensite, Austenite, Critical cooling rate, Proeutectoid cementite.
Justify (i) Multiple tempering is often used in heat treatement of alloy tool steels (ii) Die casting Silumin alloys in most cases contain 10-13 % silicon
8a
transformation is a diffusionless process (iv) Season cracking of brass is an example of galvanic corrosion (v) The strength of the Maraging steels is
8b Write short note on Percipitation hardening or Define Vacancy, Polymorphoism, Poisson's ratio, Insulator and Galvanic series.
1a What is Burger's Vector ? Show it by drawing a Burger Circuit. What is Frank read source ? State it's importance in plastic deformation.
1b Distinguish between (i) Slip and Cross Slip (ii) Sessile dislocation and Glissile dislocation.
1c What is critical resolved shear stress ? Derive it's formulae.
1d Calculate the degree of freedom of ice and water kept in a beaker at 1 atmosphere pressure.
State Fick's law of diffusion. How can it help you in problems of Case Carburising ? Given an activation energy, Q of 142 kJ/Mol, for the diffusion o
2a
temperature of 1000 kelvin, find the temperature that will increase the diffusion coefficient by a factor 10 [R=8.314 J/Mol.K] Will you use a very igh
2b What is a phase ? What is the difference between alpha iron and ferrite ? Define an invariant reaction with an example.
2c Difference between (i) Phase Rule and Phase Diagram (ii) Solvus Line and Solidus Line.
3a Explain Lever Rule with a Tie Line. Find the weigh percentage of pro-eutectoid ferrite just above the eutectoid temperature of a 0.3 % C-steel.
3b Derive the relationship between True Strain and Engineering Strain. What is Resilience ? Why is it important for spring material ?
3c Describe the Yield Point Phenomenon. Draw the engineering Stress-Strain diagram of lass. Why does necking occur during tension test of ductile ma
3d Justify (i) Zinc is not ductile as Copper (ii) Cold working increases hardness of materials (iii) Steel is a brittle material at sub-zero atmosphere.
4a Suggest one suitable material for each of the following (i) file Cabinet (ii) Water Tap (iii) Manhole Cover (iv) Garden Chair (v) Glass Cutter.
Explain with reasons (i) Ceramics are vey hard (ii) Solar cells are semiconductors with p-n junction (iii) high temperature creep is a diffusion control
4b
occurs in Grey Cast Iron (v) Brass is always stronger than Copper at room temperature.
(i) Why has ferrite very low solubility of carbon, while austenite has high solubility of carbon (ii) What is hardenability ? Why it is not so high in pla
5a
reaction of Fe-C system.
(i) State the advantages of Normalising over Annealing (ii) What is critical cooling rate ? Why is the shape of the T-T-T diagram in form of english l
5b
essential for high carbon steel after quenching ? (iv) Write the scientific names of following polymers with one of their typical use : Teflon, ABS.
6a Explain a chain polymerisation reaction.What is the degree of ploymerisation ? If a particular type of polyethylene has a mass of 140,000 g/Mol, wha
6b Distinguish between Homopolymer and Copolymer. State the basic structural units of PMMA and nylon 6,6, elaborating their properties.
6c Define a semiconductor and a transistor.
7a Differentiate beween Ceramics and Glass, with examples. What is the Glass Transition Temperature ? What type of glass is used in spectacle lenses
7b Explain the reason for the rising popularity of Pure Oxide Ceramics over traditional refractories. What is magcrab ? Where is it commonly being use
7c Draw the crystallographic unit of SiO4 4- iron. What is Mullite ? Explain Slip casting.
7d What is Alnico ? Explain Patenting.
 (i) Why are monovelent metals like Silver or Copper so conductive ? (ii) Discuss dielectric constant and dielectric strength for ceramics (iii) Name tw
8a
properties.
8b (i) What is Hysteresis Loop ? Explain it's importance (ii) Distinguish between Diamagnetism and Paramagnetism.
8c What is E-glass ? Where it is commonly used ?
8d By energy Band Model explain the electrical cunduction of an intrinsic semiconductor.
1a Calculate the volume of FCC unit cell in terms of the atomic radius R. Show that the atomic packing factor of FCC unit cell is more than that of BCC
1b Difference between Frenkel pairs and Shottkey defects.
1c Explain why interstitial atoms such as C in Fe, can diffuse more rapidly, compared to vacancies.
Atensile sample of polycrystalline copper has been loaded in tension to an arbitary stress, O exceeding the yield stress, Oo and then unloaded. (i) Wi
2a representing the loading and unloading behaviour, show how elastic and plastic strains can be determined. (ii) If the sample was a single crystalof co
after unloading in tension, will the yield stress be equal to, more or less than Oo. Explain.
2b Assuming that the true stress-true strain curve follows the relation : O= Oo +K enp, where O is the true stress,
2c Draw schematic stress atrain curves for ideally elastic, ideally plastic and viscoelastic solid. Explain how is the behaviour of viscoelastic solid differ
3a Explain why is twinning associated with homogeneous shear, though atoms are displaced by equal distance in slip ?
3b What are the three regimes of a typical creep curve, showing creep strain against time ? Distinguish between the deformation mechanisms involved i
3c What is the fundamental difference between stress relaxation test and a creep test ?
4a Explain on the basis of dislocation theory, why ceramics and intermetallic compounds are brittle, while metals are ductile ?
4b
Mild steel samples A, B and C have been fractured by impact at liquid nitrogen temperature and in tension with a strain rate of 10-5 s-1 at 700 degre
4c
the differences in fracture surface morphology.
What are the differences in grain structure and dislocation substructure do you expect after working different parts of same strip of copper through si
4d
0.6 of iy's absolute melting point.
5a What are the eutectoid and eutectoid reactions in the Fe-C binary phase diagram ?
If you carry out impact test on 0.4% C steel, subjected to heat treatements : (i) quenching in brine after soaking above the A3, and (ii) tempering at 5
5b
results vary ? Explain.
5c
Differentiate between age hardening and dispersion hardening, emphasizing on how dislocations interact with the second phase and suitability for ap
5d
those methods at high temperatures.
What are the two mechanisms responsible for thermal conductivity in materials ? Why are amorphous ceramics or polymers less thermally conductiv
6a
?
Explain two different sources of thermal stresses in materials, which could be of any dimensions and used in different structural components. How is
6b
thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, elastic modulus, and anisotropy along crystallographic directions ?
How will you select and design materials to be used in (i) turbine blades of jet engines, operating at 1300 degree centigrade, (ii)propeller of a ship tra
6c
requirements of microstructure, physical and mechanical properties.
7a What do you mean by glass transition temperature ? How do the plots showing variation of specific volume with temperature for amorphous glass ce
7b Why are ionic ceramics used as dielectric in capacitors, what does dielectric constant depend on ? What is special in ferro-electric ceramics, is it nec
7c Distinguish between structure and properties of thermosetting and thermoplastic resins.
7d Is substitutional solid solution of ceramics possible ? What is the additional condition, which is not a requirement for metals ?
8a Distinguish between paramagnetism and ferromagnetism, explaining the mechanism involving electron spins.
8b Draw the hysterisis loop for hard and soft magnets, and explain the differences in behaviour in response to alternating field with emphasis on the ma
8c Distinguish between addition and condensation polymerization, and state which of those are applied for processing polyethylene and poly carbonates
8d Using the character of electron distribution in different energy bands, explain the cause behind a material acting as a conductor, and other acting as in
1a Explain semiconductors, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
1b mention four strengthning mechanisms of metals and alloys. Explain any one of them.
1c Why are metals mostly ductile and ceramics mostly brittle at room temperature ?
2a What are the invariant points [degrees of freedon=0] in a binary phase diagram with eutectic ?
2b Explain the terms isomorphous, eutectic, peritectic and eutectoid systems.
2c Explain how will you determine the elastic and plastic components of strain from a sketimatic stress-strain curve, showing loading and unloading in
2d Define the following ters (i) Yield Strength (ii) Tensile Strength (iii) Poisson's Ratio
3a Explain the mechanism of creep.
3b Distuinguish between ductile and brittle fracture.
3c What do you mean by Normalising and Tempering and indicate how those heat treatement affect the properties of steel ?
A sodium silicate glass has no surface defects as etching has removed them, but has a crack inside from 2 um to 5 um in length. Calculate the surface
3d
MNm-2 and Young's modulus=70 GNm -2.
4a Write a note on viscoelastic properties of materials, showing schematic plots of variation of stress with strain and strain with time.
4b Differentiate between Edge and Screw dislocation.
4c Explain cold working, warm working and hot working.
4d What is Buschinger's Effect ?
5a Discuss the mechanism of age hardening of Al alloys.
5b How is hardenability is carried out ?
5c Discuss the heat transfer characteristics during quenching and it's effects on mechanical properties.
5d Disciss the nitriding process.
6a What are hthe effects of high temperature on mechanical properties of metals ?
6b What will be your considerations for choice of an alloy for high temperature applications ?
A continuous and aligned glass fibre reinforced composite consists of 40 vol % of glass fibre having a modulus elasticity 69 Gpa and 60 vol % of a p
6c
displays a modulus of 3.4 Gpa. Calculate the modulus of elasticity of this composite in the longitudinal directions.
6d Discuss Zone Theory of solids and explain Zones in conductors and insulators.
A transformer core is wound with a coil carrying an alternating current at a frequency of 50 Hz. Assuming the magnetism to be uniform throughout t
7a
hysteresis loss. The hysteresis loop has an area of 80,000 units, when teh axes are drawn in units of 10-4 Wbm-2 and 10-2 Am-1.
7b Distinguish between soft and hard magnets.
7c Write the peritectic, eutectic and eutectrial reaction of Fe-Fe3C phase diagram.
7d Discuss the cooling process of 0.6 % C steel from 1500 degree centigrade to room temperature.
8a Give some applications of Polyethylene, Nylon and Polyester.
8b What is Polymerization ? With the help of suitable examples, compare and contrast the process of addition polymerization and condensation polyme
8c Name two commonly used thermosetting polymers and their applications.
8d Why are fibre glass reinforced composites used extensively ?