Chinese Circular Fish Hatchery

CHINESE CARP
HATCHERY
Hatchery : - A place for hatching eggs of
fish, to bring young to emerge from...
A Hatchery is a 100% controlled environment.

From birth, every aspect of growth is carefully
monitored
The estimated output capacity of the enlarged

hatchery is 1.5–2.0 million larvae/cycle
OBJECTIVE OF HATCHERY
Quality
Quantity and
Consistence
supply of fish
seed
INTODUCTION
 Chinese spawning and hatching system is based
on continuous flow of water to breed carps and
hatch the eggs
A formulated infrastructure to facilitate spawning of


brood fishes, incubation of fertilized eggs and rearing

of hatchlings up to post-larval stage
Based on ecological factors responsible for carp

breeding in nature and following hypophysation
technique
SITE SELECTION
 The location of site and general arrangements
will have controlling impact on the economics
of operation
 For successful fish production business,
suitable site is most important
CRITERIA REQUIRED FOR SITE
SELECTION
 Non engineering criteria
 Engineering criteria
NON ENGINEERING CRITERIA
 Demand of fish seed in locality, accordingly

size of fish seed farm may be decided
 Public health and chances of pouching

ENGINEERING INVESTIGATION
 Area used for farm construction should be almost

plain of suitable shape and sufficient size
 Water source, quality and quantity
 Water supply to fish farm by gravity reduce the

operational cost
 Soil of the area selected should be impervious as far

as possible to reduce water loss
 Fish farm located in areas unsuitable for other
agricultural uses but soil should be suitable for fish
culture
 Site should be free from frequent deep flooding and

should be away from flooding areas
 Should be in vicinity of transportation of routs
 Telephone line and electricity should be available

near by
 Facility for both professionals and operators

OTHER REQUIREMENTS
Water supply for hatchery unit :-
Clean, of low temperature (180C-270C),
containing adequate oxygen (4-5 mg/l)
Water supply for earthen ponds :-

For rearing of fish seed, should have following
quality limits :-
Temperature 26-32 0C
pH 7-9
Dissolved oxygen 3-5 ppm
Turbidity 100-180 mg/l
COMPONENTS OF HATCHERY
Overhead tank (to store filtered water)
Brood stock ponds (@ 1500 kg/ha)
Conditioning tank
Breeding tank (3-5 kg of brood per m3 is recommended )
Hatching tank
Spawn collection tank
Rearing tank (for rearing of larvae)
Nursing ponds
Transporting equipment
 Under hatchery management the coordination of various

hatchery activities responsible to obtained highest economic
yield
WATER SOURCE AND SUPPLY UNIT
 In any type of water source, water should not be used
directly
 There is need of:-
 Pump for lifting up the water into the overhead tank
(at the height of 4-6m
from ground level for gravity flow)
 Filtration unit
 Oxygenation unit in transit tank
 Uninterrupted water supply to the hatchery units

SPAWNING UNIT
The spawning phenomenon of carp in an Chinese hatchery

is the result of the cumulative impacts of physicochemical
factors influenced by :-
Water current,
Water shower
And inducing agent
It is a circular smooth cistern made up of brick, RCC or

fibre material
BREEDING POOL
Diameter :- 3-6m
Depth :- 1m
Diameter of the water inlet pipe :- 2”-3”
Water depth is controlled by the outlets
Single water inlet facilitates the water current and

centrifugal force helps to sweep out eggs soon after the
spawning
Conti….
The breeding pool should have a sloping bottom
leading to the outlet at centre, so that it can be
completely drained when required without leaving any
eggs behind
Breeding pool is provided with straight egg delivery

pipe line from its central floor to egg incubation unit
No t, y, or L joint on egg delivery line is recommended,

as any such joint on the egg delivery line is found to be
detrimental to the developing eggs by causing
mechanical injury
OPERATIONAL ASPECT
 Good quality water with at least 5-6 ppm of D.O. can
hold 3kg brood/m3
 Water depth :- 0.6- 1m
 The brood fish in the pool should be under shower
before and after hormone administration
 Water flow both in the central outlet and each inlet must
be adjusted in such a manner that it creates a speed of 3-
5m/sec maintaining the required depth
 Water current is stopped and brood fish are removed
and transferred back in pond as soon as breeding
operation ceases
 Spawning pool is cleaned and disinfected with strong

formaldehyde and KMnO4 before and after each
operation
EGG INCUBATION UNIT/
HATCHING TANK
Based on flow through

principle
Have outer and inner chamber
Water enters into the cistern by

a series of duck mouth inlets (at
equidistant position) and
expel out through a screen,
encircled over the inner
chamber
The duck mouths direction and the speed of water are well
adjusted to assure favorable circulation of eggs in the water
preventing them from mechanical injury
The equidistant principle with unidirectional water flow
allow the eggs to run without low oxygen concentration and
without touching the screen of the cistern
Diameter :- 2-4m
Depth :- 1m
Mesh size of the screen is 1/50 inch which prevents eggs

and spawn escaping out
OPERATIONAL ASPECT
 Speed of the water in hatching tank is maintained at
the rate of:-
 0.4-0.5m/sec for first 12 hr.
 0.1-0.2m/sec for next 6 hr.

0.3-0.4m/sec for rest of the operation
 Reducing speed after 12 hr. of operation avoid
premature hatching and prolong hatching of the
developing eggs
 Regular cleaning of hatchery units counts the
recovery and survival of hatchlings, spawns and eggs
Surface cleaner
 A wooden or bamboo stick of 2cm dia is kept on
water surface across the outer chamber in between
two walls
 It accumulates the foam, floating debris and insect
efficiently and removed manually
Sub-surface cleaner
 A wooden plank of 4-5cm width
 Fixed at water surface half immersed
 Cleans the sub-surface water of the chamber
Column cleaner
 A stick of 2cm dia tied with 1-1.5m long ropes with

smooth bristles equidistantly
 It cleans Column debris, egg shells and dead spawn
Bottom cleaner
 On and after 2nd day of operation dead spawn, debris
and fungal matter settle on bottom of pool is siphoned
by means of a stiff plastic pipe of 2cm dia
Siphoning of water through a filter net Scrub off slides of Tank
emoval of scum through a scope net Introduce water

Fig. Cleaning of spawning tank
SPAWN COLLECTION TANK
The spawn are kept in the tank till 72 hours before
transfer to nursery
Spawn which is kept in hatching chamber for an
indefinite period cause mortality
Therefore soon after the yolk sac is absorbed the spawn
should be transferred to nursery pond where they got
their choice food
Temporary rearing can be done in hatchery complex for

some days in a tank or raceway system
POINTS TO BE TAKEN CARE
Transport the brood by Canvas bags filled with water

to avoid stress
Circulate the water in the breeding pool about an hour
before the ovulation period and continue till effective
spawning (90-120 minutes)
Don’t allow the spent brood to be in the pool after
breeding for more time
Brood fish should be used within the reproductive age
group i.e., 2+ years to 5 years age
 There are usually 3 workers on the hatcheries year round.
There are also some 5 worker hatcheries
Clean all of the equipment that goes in and out of the

hatchery
combat diseases with medication, and create less stressful

conditions for the fish
HATCHERY SANITATION AND
HYGINE
 Fish egg during incubation, are prone to several
Fish egg during incubation, are prone to several
infections
 Most common disease are white spot soft egg &
Saprolegnia infection
 Malachite green @ 5 mg/l are used for sanitation of
nursery ponds
 Malachite green @ 5mg/l bath treatment for fry for 30
minutes
 To avoid fungal spread, dead eggs must be removed
from the tanks every morning
STATE-OWNED FISH
SEED FARMS
State Number of units Total(in’000ha) Production capacity of 5-
cm.fingerling (in millions)
Uttar Pradesh 7 15 0.1

Bihar 17 153 0.6
West Bengal 13 64 40.0
Orissa 5 72 14.0
Madhya Pradesh 7 40 12.0
Andhra Pradesh 13 25 20
Tamil Nadu 12 19 65.0
Karnataka 20 61 52.0
Maharashtra 12 18 10.0
Rajasthan 5 15 25.0
Punjab 7 16 0.7
Gujrat 3 5 4.0
Kerala 6 5 4.0
Total 127 508 247.0

ECO-HATCHERY
1. Renovation of tank of 2 ha. Water spread area involving 30,000
excavation up to 1 foot depth
2. Circular breeding pool & hatching pools
i. Breeding pool of 8 m. diameter 30,000
ii. Hatching pools of 3m. Diameter @Rs.15,000/-per pool 45,000
3. Overhead tank of 5000 gallons capacity 50,000
4. Shallow tube well 8”x6”x200’ 25,000
5. Pump-set ( 5HP) 20,000
6. Generator set with 10 KVA alternator 50,000
7. Guard shed and office room 25,000
8. Brood stock-5 tones 150,000
9. Contingent expenses for nets, equipments hapa etc. 30,000
Total 455,000
COST FOR 1 MILLION FRY
Item Indian Rs.
1. Hatchlings, 1.7 million, at Indian Rs.1 100/million 1870
2. Fertilizers and feeds:

a. Mahua oil cake, 1.7 ton, at @Rs.600/ton 1020
b. Lime, 0.33 ton, @Rs. 400/ton 132
c. Kerosene oil, 130I, @ Rs. 1.30/I 169
d. Cow dung, 3.5 ton, @ Rs. 100 /ton 350
e. Rice bran,0.02 ton, at I.Rs. 600/ton 12
f. Mustard oilcake, 0.02 ton, at I.Rs. 1600/ton 32
g. wages 300
h. Maintenance (earthwork, water gates and equipment) 1000
i Miscellaneous 1655
Total 6540
COST FOR 1 MILLION FINGERLINGS
Item I. Rs.
1. Hatchlings, 3.3 million, at I.Rs. 1 100/million 3300
2. Fertilizers and feeds:

a. Mahua oil cake, 3.3 ton, @Rs.600/ton 1980
b. Lime, 0.66 ton, @Rs. 400/ton 266
c. Kerosene oil, 2.64I, @ Rs. 1.30/I 345
d. Cow dung, 20 ton, @ Rs. 100 /ton 2000
e. Rice bran,0.07 ton, I.Rs. 600/ton 42
f. Mustard oilcake, 0.07 ton, I.Rs. 1600/ton 112
g. wages 1190
h. Maintenance (earthwork, water gates and equipment) 1980
i Miscellaneous 2185
Total 13400
ESTIMATED PRODUCTION COST FOR INDIAN
MAJOR CARP SEEDS IN WEST BENGAL COST
FOR 1 MILLION HATCHLINGS
Item I. Rs.
1. Brood fish Kg @ Rs.0.2/mg 750
2. Pituitary gland, 450mg, @ Rs.0.2/mg 90
3. Hapas and equipment 166
4. Wages 64
5. Miscellaneous 30
Total 1100
Chinese Fish Hatchery - A few tips
 The location of a Chinese Hatchery should ideally be on a

sloping high land for economical construction.
If sloping land is available the floor level of the spawn

collection tank should be adjusted to the ground level for
draining out water by gravity.
The level of eggs transfer outlet located at the centre of

spawning tank should be about 10 cm. above the level of
central overflow pipe at the top of the hatching tank.
 This will enable complete transfer of eggs from the
spawning tank to use outside the tanks.
 Overflowing water from the hatching tank should not

be passed on to the spawn collection tanks but should be
put to use outside the tanks.
 Separate fresh-water supply lines should be installed

from the overheads water tank to each tank i.e.
spawning tank, hatching tanks and spawn collection
tanks in order to ensure independent working of each.
 Water spraying arrangements should be provided
for aeration and oxygenation in the three tanks.
 Eggs transfer pipe should discharge the water

along with eggs into the hatching tank in between
the two walls of the hatching tank to avoid
damage of eggs.
 The walls of the spawning tanks should be
provided with water inlet pipes installed in a
diagonal position to create a circular water flow
during the spawning period.
 Where water flow is insufficient for circulation,

multiple-chambered hatching pools with paddle
wheels for circulation may be constructed

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CHINESE CARP

A Hatchery is a 100% controlled environment.

The estimated output capacity of the enlarged

A formulated infrastructure to facilitate spawning of

brood fishes, incubation of fertilized eggs and rearing

Based on ecological factors responsible for carp

 Non engineering criteria

 Demand of fish seed in locality, accordingly

 Public health and chances of pouching

 Area used for farm construction should be almost

 Water source, quality and quantity

 Water supply to fish farm by gravity reduce the

 Soil of the area selected should be impervious as far

 Site should be free from frequent deep flooding and

 Should be in vicinity of transportation of routs

 Telephone line and electricity should be available

 Facility for both professionals and operators

Water supply for earthen ponds :-

 Under hatchery management the coordination of various

 Uninterrupted water supply to the hatchery units

The spawning phenomenon of carp in an Chinese hatchery

It is a circular smooth cistern made up of brick, RCC or

Water depth is controlled by the outlets

Single water inlet facilitates the water current and

Breeding pool is provided with straight egg delivery

No t, y, or L joint on egg delivery line is recommended,

 Spawning pool is cleaned and disinfected with strong

Based on flow through

Water enters into the cistern by

Mesh size of the screen is 1/50 inch which prevents eggs

 A stick of 2cm dia tied with 1-1.5m long ropes with

emoval of scum through a scope net Introduce water

Temporary rearing can be done in hatchery complex for

Transport the brood by Canvas bags filled with water

Clean all of the equipment that goes in and out of the

combat diseases with medication, and create less stressful

Uttar Pradesh 7 15 0.1

Total 127 508 247.0

2. Fertilizers and feeds:

2. Fertilizers and feeds:

1. Brood fish Kg @ Rs.0.2/mg 750

2. Pituitary gland, 450mg, @ Rs.0.2/mg 90

3. Hapas and equipment 166

 The location of a Chinese Hatchery should ideally be on a

If sloping land is available the floor level of the spawn

The level of eggs transfer outlet located at the centre of

 Overflowing water from the hatching tank should not

 Separate fresh-water supply lines should be installed

 Eggs transfer pipe should discharge the water

 Where water flow is insufficient for circulation,

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