Formula Sheet - MTH 3112

a + b ≤ a + b a − b ≥ a − b dz = ∂z dx + ∂z dy dy = ∂y ∂u ∂v cos A cos B = 1
{cos( A − B ) + cos( A + B )}
dx ∂u ∂v ∂x
2
∂x ∂y
{cos( A − B ) − cos( A + B )} 2 sin A cos B = 2 {sin ( A − B ) + sin ( A + B )}
sin A sin B = 1 π π 1 1
2 cos = sin =
4 4 2
cos A sin B = 1
2 {sin ( A + B ) − sin ( A − B )} π π 1
sin = cos =
π
3 sin = cos =
π 1
3 6 2 6 3 2
(uv )' = uv '+ vu ' (u / v)' = (uv'−vu ' ) / v 2 ∫ udv = uv − ∫ vdu ∫ sinh udu = cosh u ∫ cosh udu = sinh u
e au − b ± b 2 − 4ac
∫ e sin bu du =
au
(a sin bu − b cos bu ) + C 1
∫ u du = ln u + C ∫ ln udu = u ln u − u + C z1, 2 =
a2 + b2 2a
⎛ ∂Q ∂P ⎞ 1 ⎡ ∂ ⎛ h2 h3 ∂Φ ⎞ ∂ ⎛ h3 h1 ∂Φ ⎞ ∂ ⎛ h1 h2 ∂Φ ⎞⎤
∫ Pdx + Qdy = ∫∫R ⎜⎜⎝ ∂x − ∂y ⎟⎟⎠dxdy ∇ Φ = h1h2 h3 ⎢ ∂u1 ⎜⎜⎝ h1 ∂u1 ⎟⎟⎠ + ∂u 2 ⎜⎜⎝ h2 ∂u 2 ⎟⎟⎠ + ∂u 3 ⎜⎜⎝ h3 ∂u 3 ⎟⎟⎠⎥
2

⎣ ⎦

⎡ ⎛ θ + 2πk ⎞ ⎛ θ + 2πk ⎞ ⎤
wk = n r ⎢cos ⎜ ⎟ + i sin ⎜ ⎟⎥ z n = r n (cos nθ + i sin nθ ) z α = eα ln z
⎣ ⎝ n ⎠ ⎝ n ⎠⎦
e iz − e − iz e iz + e − iz e z − e−z
ln z = ln z + i (θ + 2 nπ ) sin z = cos z = sinh z =
2i 2 2
−z
e + e ∂u ∂v ∂u
z
∂v ∂ u ∂ u2 2
∂ v ∂ v
2 2
∂u ∂v ∂v ∂u
cosh z = = =− + 2 =0 + 2 = 0 f (z ) = +i = −i
2 ∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x ∂ x 2
∂y ∂x 2
∂y ∂x ∂x ∂y ∂y
lim f ( z + z 0 ) − f ( z 0 ) lim f (z ) − f ( z 0 ) lim f ( z ) f ' ( z ) f ( z )dz
f ' (z 0 ) = = = ∫ = 2πif (z 0 )
∆z → 0 ∆z z → z0 z − z0 z → z 0 g (z ) g ' (z ) C
( z − z 0 )
∞
f ( n ) (z 0 ) ∞
f ( n ) (0 ) n z2 z3 z3 z5
f (z ) = ∑ (z − z 0 )n f (z ) = ∑ z ez = 1+ z + + sin z = z − + − ...
n =0 n! n=0 n! 2! 3! 3! 5!
f ( z )dz 2πi ( n )
f (z 0 )
2 4
lim z n +1 1
∫
z z
cos z = 1 − + − ... = L <1 = 1 + z + z 2 + ... =
2! 4! n → ∞ zn 1− z C ( z − z 0 )n +1
n!
n
⎡ n ⎤ lim d n −1 z
∫ f ( z )dz = ∑ ∫ f ( z )dz = 2πi ⎢∑ Re s ( f ( z ), z k )⎥ Re s[ f ( z ), z 0 ] = ( z − z 0 )n f ( z )
1
C k =1 C k ⎣ k =1 ⎦ (n − 1)! z → z 0 dz n −1
(z − z 0 ) f (z ) = g (z 0 ) f (z ) = an (z − z0 )n = ... −2 2 + −1 + a0 + a1 (z − z0 ) + a2 (z − z0 )2 + ...
∞
a a
∑
lim
Re s[ f ( z ), z 0 ] =
z → z0 h' (z 0 ) n=−∞ ( z − z0 ) ( z − z0 )
( ) ( ) ∫ f (z )dz = ∫ f (z )(dx + idy ) = ∫ f (t )z ' (t )dt
b b b'
1 1 dz
sin θ = z − z −1 cos θ = z + z −1 dθ =
2i 2 a a a' iz
∞ ∞
mπx nπx
p
f ( x )(cos αx, sin αx ) dx = ∫ f ( z )e iαz dz f ( x ) = ∑ c nφ n ( x )
b

∫ cn =
∫
a
f ( x )φ n ( x )dx
∫ sin p
cos
p
dx = 0
−∞ C n =0 φ n (x ) 2 −p

nπx nπx
p p
mπx nπx mπx nπx ⎧0 m ≠ n
p p

∫ cos
−p
p
cos
p
dx = ∫ sin
−p
p
sin
p
dx = ⎨
⎩p m = n
∫ sin
−p
p
dx = ∫ cos
−p
p
dx = 0

⎛ nπ nπ ⎞ nπ
∞ p p

x ⎟⎟ a0 = ∫ f ( x )dx a n = ∫ f ( x )cos
a 1 1
f ( x ) = 0 + ∑ ⎜⎜ a n cos x + bn sin xdx
2 n =1 ⎝ p p ⎠ p −p p −p p
p
nπ nπ nπ
p ∞ p
f ( x )dx
2
bn = ∫ f (x )sin
1
∫
a0
xdx ( )
f x = + ∑ a n cos x a0 = an = ∫ f (x ) cos
2
dx
p −p p 2 n =1 p p 0 p0 p
∞
nπ nπ ∞ ∞
mπ nπ
p
∂ u ∂u 2 ∂ u
2
∂ 2u
f ( x, y ) = ∑
2
f (x ) = ∑ bn sin ( )
2
n =1 p
x, bn =
p ∫0
f x sin
p
dx k =
∂x 2 ∂t
a =
∂x 2 ∂t 2 m=1
∑A
n =1
mn sin
b
x sin
c
y,
 mπ nπ ∞
mπ ∞
nπ ∞ ∞
mπ nπ
c b
= ∫ ∫ f (x, y ) sin
4
Amn x sin ydxdy f (x, y ) = A00 + ∑ Am0 cos x + ∑ A0n cos y +∑∑ Amn cos x cos y,
bc 0 0 b c m=1 b n=1 c m=1 n=1 b c
mπ nπ
c b c b c b
f (x, y )dxdy
1
f (x, y ) cos f (x, y ) cos
2 2
bc ∫0 ∫0 ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫
A00 = Am 0 = xdxdy A0 n = ydxdy
bc 0 0 b bc 0 0 c
mπ nπ
c b

∫ ∫ f (x, y )cos y '+αy = 0 y( x ) = c1 exp(−αx) y '+ P ( x) y = f ( x )

4
Amn = x cos ydxdy y"+α 2 y = 0
bc 0 0
b c

y( x ) = c1 cos αx + c 2 sin αx y ( x ) = y c + y p = ce ∫ +e ∫ ∫ P ( x ) dx f ( x)dx a y ( n ) + a y ( n −1) + ... + a y = g ( x )

− P ( x ) dx − P ( x ) dx
∫e n n −1 o

y ( x ) = y c + y p y p = A, Ax + B, Ax2 + Bx + C, Acosαx + B sinαx, Aeαx , ( Ax + B) Aeαx , Aekx cosαx + Bekx sinαx

∂ 2 u 1 ∂u 1 ∂ 2 u ∂ 2 u
y"−α 2 y = 0 y( x ) = c1 cosh αx + c2 sinh αx y( x ) = c1 exp(− αx ) + c2 exp(αx ) + + + =0
∂r 2 r ∂r r 2 ∂θ 2 ∂z 2
∂ 2 u 2 ∂u 1 ∂ 2 u cot θ ∂u ∂ 2u
= 0 x 2 y"+ xy '−α 2 y = 0 y( x ) = c1 + c2 ln x y ( x ) = c1 x α + c 2 x −α
1
+ + + +
∂r 2
r ∂r r ∂θ
2 2
r ∂θ r sin θ ∂φ
2 2 2 2

xy"+ y'+α xy = 0 y (x ) = ∑ c n x
∞
y(x) = c1 J 0 (αx) + c2Y0 (αx) J ± v =∑
∞
(− 1)
n
⎛x⎞
2n±v
cos vπJ v ( x ) − J −v (x )
n+r
⎜ ⎟ Yv (x ) =
2

n =0 n = 0 n!Γ (1 ± v + n )⎝ 2 ⎠ sin vπ
∞
d 2Θ dΘ
f (x ) = ∑ c n J v (x ) c n =
b

∫ xJ v (α n x ) f (x )dx sin θ
2 + cos θ + n(n + 1) sin θ Θ = 0
b 2 J v2+1 (α n x ) 0 dθ dθ
2
n =1

[ ]
∞ ∞
(1 − x ) ddxΘ − 2 x ddxΘ + n(n + 1)Θ = 0 y(x ) = ∑ c (x 2 − 1)n f (x ) = ∑ c n Pn ( x )
2
1 dn
2
2 n x k
Pn ( x ) = n n
k =0 2 n! dx n =0
x ∞
2n + 1
1
f ( x )Pn ( x )dx erf ( x ) =
2
du erfc (x ) =
2
∫e ∫e
−u 2
∫
−u 2
cn = du
2 −1 π 0 π x

Function Laplace Transform Function Laplace Transform Function Laplace Transform

∞ sin kt k cos kt s
f (t ) ∫ e f (t )dt = F (s )
− st
s + k2
2
s + k2
2
0

t n
n! sinh kt k cosh kt s
s n +1 s2 − k 2 s2 − k 2
1 1 ∂ 2u ∂ 2U t n f (t ) n
(− 1)n d n F (s )
s ∂x 2 ∂x 2 ds
e at 1 ∂ 2u s 2U ( x, s ) − su ( x,0 ) − u t ( x,0 ) ∂u sU ( x, s ) − u ( x,0 )
s−a ∂t 2 ∂t
∞ ∞ ∞
f (x ) = ∫ [A(α )cos αx + B(α )sin αx]dα A(α ) = ∫ f (x )cos αxdx B (α ) = ∫ f (x )sin αxdx
1
π 0 −∞ −∞
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
A(α ) = ∫ f ( x )cos αxdx f ( x ) = ∫ B(α )sin αxdα B(α ) = ∫ f (x )sin αxdx
2
f (x ) = ∫ A(α )cos αxdα
2
π 0 0
π 0 0

[ ]
∞ ∞
1
f (x ) = ∫ C (α )e dα C (α ) = ∫ f (x )e
1 − iα x u ij =
u i +1, j + u i , j +1 + u i −1, j + u i , j −1
iα x
dx
2π
−∞ −∞
4

u i , j +1 = λu i +1, j + (1 − 2λ )u ij + λu i −1, j h =
a T ck
k= λ = 2 xi = ih i = 0,1,2,3,..., n
n m h
t j = jk j = 0,1,2,3,..., m u i , j +1 = λ 2 u i +1, j + 2(1 − λ2 )u ij + λ2 u i −1, j − u i , j −1 h =
a T ck
k= λ=
n m h
λ2
u i ,1 =
2
(u i +1, 0 ( )
+ u i −1, 0 ) + 1 − λ2 u i , 0 + kg ( x )