Dual Band Networks: Parameters and Optimization

Dual band networks
Parameters and optimization
Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

Table of contents (1)
 Introduction
 Presentation of the algorithms and parameters
 neighbouring cells list and monitoring
 idle mode
 B5 radio algorithms
 classmark handling
 Parameters and configurations
 dual band parameters
 configurations
 other aspects

Table of contents (2)
 Special sets of parameters

 zone exit on preventive handover
 capture threshold set on a per cell basis
 Tuning
 idle mode
 connected mode
 other aspects
 Problems of B5 release
 detection of better condition handover causes
 cause 21 and micro 1800 cells

Introduction
Introduction

Introduction (1)
BSS release 5 : Multiband BSC

900 and 1800 MHz cells connected to the same BSC
Single band
Dual band Dual band
BS BS
1800 MHz cell and BCCH
900 MHz cell and BCCH
BSC
Introduction (2)
 Few parameters are necessary to operate a dual band

network :
 neighbouring cells list and monitoring
 idle mode
 call set-up
 handover
 classmark handling
 It is possible to reuse 900 and 1800 MHz default radio

parameters

Presentation
Presentation of
of the
the algorithms
algorithms and
and parameters
parameters

Neighbouring cells list (1)
 Sending of neighbouring cells list in each frequency band

is necessary to allow :
 monitoring 20
800
 re-selection in idle mode
 handover in dedicated mode 798
45 805

 Idle mode : BCCH, SYS INFO 2, 2ter and 2bis
805 BCCH 1800

SI 2 and 2bis : 1800 neighbouring cells
SI 2ter : 900 neighbouring cells
BCCH 900
SI 2 : 900 neighbouring cells
20 SI 2ter and 2bis : 1800 neighbouring cells

 Dedicated mode : SACCH, SYS INFO 5, 5bis and 5ter
805 SACCH 1800

SI 5 and 5bis : 1800 neighbouring cells
SI 5ter : 900 neighbouring cells
SACCH 900
SI 5 : 900 neighbouring cells
20 SI 5ter and 5bis : 1800 neighbouring cells

 A BSS parameter enables sending of SI 2bis/2ter and SI
5bis/5ter : EN_INTERBAND_NEIGH

Neighbouring cells monitoring (1)
 It is necessary to tell to a dual band MS how to report

neighbouring cells :
 a MS reports to the BTS 6 neighbouring cells
 classical behaviour in a single band network : 6 strongest cells
 problem in a dual band network :
 case where the MS only reports cells belonging to the same
frequency band
 no interband HO

Neighbouring cells monitoring (2)
 Use of one parameter set on a per cell basis :

 MULTIBAND_REPORTING :
 4 values :
– 0 = 6 strongest cells irrespective of the frequency band
– 1 = 1 strongest cell (non serving cell frequency band) + 5 strongest cells (serving
cell frequency band) + strongest cells
– 2 = 2 strongest cells (non serving cell frequency band) + 4 strongest cells

(serving cell frequency band) + strongest cells
– 3 = 3 strongest cells (non serving cell frequency band) + 3 strongest cells

(serving cell frequency band) + strongest cells

Idle mode parameters (1)
 Very important to direct MS to the desired layer not only

in dedicated mode but also in idle mode to
 take full advantage of each layer
 avoid handovers
 Dual band MS are phase 2 MS : it is possible to use the

parameter CELL_BAR_QUALIFY and the C2 criterion

 Cell selection, use of CELL_BAR_QUALIFY :

 set on a per cell basis
 only understood by phase 2 MS
 broadcasted on the BCCH
 2 values :
 0 = normal priority
 1 = lower priority
 interacts with CELL_BAR_ACCESS

 a phase 2 MS selects the suitable ( C1 > 0 ) cell with the highest C1
belonging to the list of highest priority

 Cell selection, use of CELL_BAR_QUALIFY :
BCCH 1800
805 CELL_BAR_QUALIFY = 0
20
BCCH 900
CELL_BAR_QUALIFY = 1
=> selection of the 1800 cell

 Re-selection, use of C2 :
 criterion only used by phase 2 MS
 two formulas according to the parameter PENALTY_TIME :
 if PENALTY_TIME  31 : C2
= C1 + CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET - TEMPORARY_OFFSET*H(PENALTY_TIME - T) with
H(x) = 0 for the serving cell and if x <0 and H(x) = 1 otherwise
 if PENALTY_TIME = 31 : C2
= C1 - CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET
 T is a timer incremented from 0 when the neighbouring cell enters in the list of the 6 strongest
neighbouring cells. T is put back to 0 when the neighbouring cell does not belong to this list any
longer

 Parameters :
 CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET : 0 to 126 dB, 2 dB steps
 TEMPORARY_OFFSET : 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, infinite dB
 PENALTY_TIME : 20 to 620 s, 20 s steps
 parameters broadcasted on the BCCH if

CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND = 1, otherwise C2 = C1

BCCH 1800
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 60 dB
TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
805 PENALTY_TIME = 20 s 20
BCCH 900
PENALTY_TIME = 20 s
C2(1800) = C1(1800) + 60
C2(900) = C1(900)
=> the re-selection of the 1800 cell is favoured

Call set-up (1)
 SDCCH-TCH handover only possible if the serving cell is

completely congested (queuing)
 Internal and external Directed Retry are possible
 SDCCH-TCH handover on :
 better condition or emergency causes = Directed Retry
 cause 20 = Forced Directed Retry

Call set-up (2)
 Directed Retry :
 enabled /disabled on a per cell basis with the parameter EN_DR
 all handover causes are available except causes 10, 11 and 13 (concentric
cells) and causes 15 and 16 (intracell HO)
 candidate cell evaluation process : same than for TCH-TCH HO

Call set-up (3)
 Forced Directed Retry :

 enabled/disabled on a per cell basis with the parameter
EN_FORCED_DR which is relevant only when EN_DR = ENABLE
 detection = cause 20 : AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) > L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n)
 AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) is calculated with A_PBGT_DR samples
 if less than A_PBGT_DR samples are available, the average value is

calculated with the available samples and the averaging window is filled
in with 0 (-110 dBm)

Call set-up (4)
 Forced Directed Retry :

 Candidate cell evaluation process :
 PREF_LAYER, PRIORITY(0,n), frequency
 no filtering process
 neighbouring cells sorted according to their PBGT_DR :

– AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) > RXLEVmin(n) + max(0, MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - P)
– t(n) > FREElevel_DR(n)
– PBGT_DR(n) = AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) - AV_RXLEV_PBGT_DR
- (BS_TXPWR_MAX - BS_TXPWR)
- (MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - MS_TXPWR_MAX)

Better condition handovers (1)
 Five better condition handover causes :

 causes 21, 14 and 12
 cause 13 for concentric cells
 cause 20
 Each time a measurement result is received, handover

causes are checked with the following priority order : cause
21, 14, 12, 13 and 20
 If a handover cause is triggered, handover causes with

lower priority are not checked
 Cause 21 : Preferred band HO

 handovers from cells working in the non-preferred band to cells working
in the preferred band
 preferred band indicated on a per BSS basis by the parameter

PREFERRED_BAND
 detection :
 AV_LOAD(0) > MULTIBAND_LOAD_LEVEL
AV_LOAD(0) is the average percentage of busy TCH over a given period and is calculated
independently
 AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n) + max(0, MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - P)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) is calculated with A_PBGT_HO samples
 EN_PREFERRED_BAND_HO = ENABLE

 Cause 14 : Capture for slow mobiles

 handovers from cells of the upper layer (umbrella cells) to cells of a
lower layer (micro and mini cells)
 detection :
 AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) > L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) is calculated with A_PBGT_HO samples
 MS_SPEED = slow
the speed of the mobile is determined independently by the speed discrimination process
 EN_MCHO_NCELL = ENABLE

 MS speed discrimination process :

 C_DWELL(n) is a counter measuring the number of SACCH periods of
monitoring neighbour n over the threshold L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n)
 C_DWELL(n) is compared to the threshold (variable according to the
load of the serving umbrella cell) 2*MIN_DWELL_TIME in order to
determine MS speed
 if for one neighbour n, C_DWELL(n) >= 2*MIN_DWELL_TIME then
MS_SPEED is set to slow
 if EN_SPEED_DISC = DISABLE, C_DWELL(n) is initialized with the
value 2*(MIN_DWELL_TIME - L_MIN_DWELL_TIME). In this case,
there is no regulation according to the load of the serving umbrella cell
 Cause 12 : Power budget

 only possible between cells belonging to the same layer and working in
the same band
 detection :
 PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN(0,n)
with PBGT(n) = AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) - AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO
- (BS_TXPWR_MAX - BS_TXPWR)
- (MS_TXPWR_MAX(n) - MS_TXPWR_MAX)
- PING_PONG_MARGIN(n, call_ref)
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) and AV_RXLEV_PBGT_HO are calculated with A_PBGT_HO
samples
 EN_PBGT_HO = ENABLE

 Anti ping-pong mechanism :

 PING_PONG_MARGIN is a penalty put on the neighbouring cell n if :
 it is the immediately precedent cell on which the call has been
 this cell belongs to the same BSC than the serving cell
 the call has not performed a Forced DR towards the serving cell
 less the T_HCP seconds have elapsed since the last handover
 the penalty is PING_PONG_HCP

Emergency handovers (1)
 12 emergency handover causes :

 cause 7 : consecutive bad SACCH frames (micro cells only)
 causes 17 and 18 : level UL/DL high threshold (micro cells only)
 causes 2 and 4 : quality UL/DL
 causes 3 and 5 : level UL/DL
 cause 6 : distance
 causes 10 and 11 : inner zone level UL/DL (concentric cells only)
 causes 15 and 16 : intracell HO

Emergency handovers (2)
 Priority order :
 7, 17, 18, 2, 4, 3, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15 and 16
 Averaging windows :
 causes 2, 3, 4 and 5 : A_LEV_HO and A_QUAL_HO
 cause 6 : A_RANGE_HO
 causes 17 and 18 : A_LEV_MCHO

Candidate cell evaluation process (1)
 The HO detection process gives to the HO evaluation

process
 the HO cause value
 the preferred layer for the target cell indicated by the variable
PREF_LAYER
 the list of potential candidates

 List of candidates :
 emergency cause : all neighbouring cells
 better condition cause : the neighbouring cells which verify the cause
 special case of hierarchical network : if the serving

CELL_LAYER_TYPE = lower, the HO cause = 12 and MS_SPEED =
fast, addition of the whole set of internal neighbouring umbrella cells not
loaded ( AV_LOAD(n) < L_LOAD_OBJ(n) )

 Preferred layer :
 in a non hierarchical network : upper + single
 in a hierarchical network :
 in case of emergency alarm :
– upper if CELL_LAYER_TYPE = lower and EN_RESCUE_UM = ENABLE (used generally
for micro cells)
– lower if CELL_LAYER_TYPE = lower and EN_RESCUE_UM = DISABLE (used
generally for mini cells)
– none if CELL_LAYER_TYPE = lower and EN_RESCUE_UM = INDEFINITE
– upper + single if CELL_LAYER_TYPE = upper
 in case of better condition alarm :
– upper if the serving CELL_LAYER_TYPE = lower, the handover cause = 12 and
MS_SPEED = fast
– none otherwise

 Ordering of candidate cells :

 the improved cell evaluation process is the default process in B5 release
 layer
 PRIORITY(0,n) :
 four values : 0, 1, 2, 3
 from highest priority (0) to lowest one (3)
 frequency band :
 serving cell frequency band
 non serving cell frequency band

 Ordering of candidate cells :

Frequency band = serving cell
Priority(0,n) = 0
Cell_layer_type = Pref_layer Frequency band  serving cell

Priority(0,n) = 1
Priority(0,n) = 2
List of candidate cells n

Priority(0,n) = 3
Cell_layer_type  Pref_layer

 Filtering process :
 a filtering process is possible before the ORDER or GRADE evaluation
process
 enabled or disabled on a per cell basis by the parameter
EN_PBGT_FILTERING
 neighbouring cells n which do not fulfil the following condition are
rejected from the list sent to the Order or Grade evaluation process :
PBGT(n) > HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) + Cause_Margin_P_X
with HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n)
= HO_MARGIN_QUAL(0,n) if cause = 2, 4 or 7
= HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n) if cause = 3, 5, 6, 17 or 18
= HO_MARGIN(0,n) if cause = 12, 14 or 21
 the filtering process does not take place in case of Forced Directed Retry

Classmark handling (1)
 Power capabilities of a dual band MS in each frequency

band are contained in the Classmark 3
 When the NSS supports dual band feature, the BSS has to
forward CM2 without processing and CM3

Classmark handling (2)
 Parameters :
 BSS_SEND_CM_ENQUIRY
 BSS
 management of the Classmark Enquiry procedure in case of Location
Updating
 EN_SEND_CM3
 BSS
 control of MS CM2 and MS CM3 sent to the MSC
 STRIP_O5_CM2
 BSS
 control of MS CM2 and MS CM3 sent to the MSC

Parameters
Parameters and
and configurations
configurations

Neighbouring cells reporting and description
Cell selection
Classmark handling Cell reselection
Few parameters are used to manage a dual band network
Better condition handovers
Candidate cell evaluation process

Dual band parameters (1)
 Neighbouring cells reporting and description :

 MULTIBAND_REPORTING
 default value : 3
 EN_INTERBAND_NEIGH
 default value : enable

 Classmark handling :
 BSS_SEND_CM_ENQUIRY
 default value : 1 = Classmark Enquiry in case of a Location Updating
Request message with ES IND = 0
 EN_SEND_CM3
 default value : enable (assumption : the MSC fully supports MAP
version 2. CM3 is sent by the BSC)
 STRIP_O5_CM2
 default value : disable (assumption : the MSC fully supports MAP
version 2. No stripping of byte 5 of MS CM2)

 Cell selection :
 CELL_BAR_QUALIFY
 default value : 0 (it seems that some MS are disturbed by C_B_Q =
1)
 Cell re-selection :
 CELL_RESELECT_PARAM_IND
 CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET, TEMPORARY_OFFSET,
PENALTY_TIME
 default value : configuration dependent

 Better condition handovers :

 PREFERRED_BAND
 default value : new frequency band
 EN_PREFERRED_BAND_HO
 MULTIBAND_LOAD_LEVEL
 L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n)

 Candidate cell evaluation process :

 EN_PBGT_FILTERING
 default value : enable
 PRIORITY(0,n)
 HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n), HO_MARGIN_QUAL(0,n)

Configurations (1)
 Possible configurations :
New dual band network + micro 900

+ micro 1800
1800 MHz + micro 900 and 1800
Existing network Macro 1800 not co-located
900 MHz Hot spot
Macro 1800 co-located
Continuous coverage

Configurations (2)
 Preliminary remarks :
 the speed discrimination process is always disable hereafter :
 this process is complicated : variable threshold
MIN_DWELL_TIME according to the load of the umbrella cell
 it is easier to use of fixed time threshold to have the same behaviour
than in R3
 it is possible to enable it in lower layer cells in order to send fast
mobiles to upper layer cells
 the improved cell evaluation process is the default process in B5 release

Configurations (3)
 Preliminary remarks :
 use of cause 21 or 14 :
 assumption : preferred band = 1800
 cause 21 is used to go from 900 cells to 1800 cells
 cause 14 is used to go from umbrella cells (900 or 1800) to micro or
mini cells (900 or 1800)
 cause 21 is checked before cause 14
 if cause 21 is verified, cause 14 is not checked
 it is mandatory to enable cause 14 if it is necessary to take the speed
of the mobiles into account : case of micro cells or little mini cells
 if there is a micro layer in the network : enable cause 14 on umbrella
cells

Configurations (4)
 We will study hereafter two examples
 Aim of these examples : show the use of the algorithms

and parameters
 Values : only given as examples

First
First example
example :: 22 layers
layers
macro
macro 900
900 ++ macro
macro 1800
1800

Existing 900 MHz network + macro 1800 (1)
 Idle mode :
 Cell selection : higher priority for macro 1800 cells
1800
900
=> a dual band MS tries to select first a macro 1800 cell

 Idle mode :
 Cell re-selection : higher priority for macro 1800 cells
1800
900
C2(1800) = C1(1800) + 126

C2(900) = C1(900)
=> a dual band MS re-selects a macro 1800 cell

 Call set-up : macro 900
EN_DR = Enable
EN_FORCED_DR = Enable
L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) = -85 dBm
Cause 20 FREElevel_DR(n) = 4
macro 1800
EN_DR = Enable
FREElevel_DR(n) = 2
 Directed and Forced Directed Retry are enabled

 cause 20 is triggered when the average level from a neighbouring
cell is higher than -85 dBm

 Cell administration :
 first solution :
 macro 900 = umbrella or single
 macro 1800 = umbrella or single
 absolutely possible to manage the network with this configuration
but less flexibility : not possible to have a distinct behaviour in case
of emergency HO and Forced DR
 second solution :
 macro 900 = umbrella
 macro 1800 = mini
 distinct behaviour in case of Forced DR and emergency HO

 Umbrella or single 900/1800 versus umbrella 900 + mini

1800 :
 umbrella 900/1800 or single 900/1800 :
 Forced DR : the traffic distribution is driven by the parameter PRIORITY(0,n)
because Pref layer = none
 emergency alarm : the traffic distribution is driven by the parameter
PRIORITY(0,n) because Pref layer = upper + single
 umbrella 900 + mini 1800 :
 Forced DR : the traffic distribution is driven by the parameter PRIORITY(0,n)
because Pref layer = none
 emergency alarm : the traffic distribution is first driven by the layer because
Pref layer = upper + single for umbrella 900 cells and none or lower
(according to the parameter EN_RESCUE_UM) for mini 1800 cells
 Better condition handovers

Cause 12
macro 900
umbrella
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB MULTIBAND_LOAD_LEVEL = 0%

EN_SPEED_DISC = Disable
Cause 21 Cause 14 A_PBGT_HO = 12
Cause 12 macro 1800
mini
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n) = -85 dBm

BSS parameters : A_PBGT_HO = 10
PREFERRED_BAND = 1800
L_MIN_DWELL_TIME = ? s

 Better condition handovers :

 cause 21 is triggered when a macro 1800 cell is received with an average
level higher than -85 dBm and whatever the load of the macro 900
serving cell (MULTIBAND_LOAD_LEVEL = 0%)
 it is necessary to choose between causes 21 and 14 : cause 14 only in

case of a hot spot macro 1800 + problems with fast mobiles
 if cause 14 is used, it is triggered when a macro 1800 cell is received

with an average level higher than -85 dBm during
L_MIN_DWELL_TIME seconds (EN_SPEED_DISC = Disable)
 cause 12 is used to make intra-layer handovers (PBGT(n) > 5dB)

 Candidate cell evaluation process

PRIORITY(0,n) = 1
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB
HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n) = 5dB
HO_MARGIN_QUAL(0,n) = 5dB macro 900
umbrella
EN_PBGT_FILTERING = Enable
CELL_EV = GRADE
PRIORITY(0,n) = 0 PRIORITY(0,n) = 0 RXLEVmin(n) = -100 dBm
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = -127 dB HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB
HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n) = -127 dB HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n) = 5dB
HO_MARGIN_QUAL(0,n) = -127 dB HO_MARGIN_QUAL(0,n) = 5dB
macro 1800
mini
EN_RESCUE_UM = Indefinite
PRIORITY(0,n) = 1 EN_PBGT_FILTERING = Enable
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB CELL_EV = GRADE
HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n) = 5dB RXLEVmin(n) = -100 dBm
HO_MARGIN_QUAL(0,n) = 5dB


 Forced DR :
 macro 1800 -> macro 900
 emergency handover :

Second
Second example
example :: 33 layers
layers
macro
macro 900
900 ++ micro
micro 900
900 ++ macro
macro 1800
1800

Macro 900 + micro 900 + macro 1800 (1)
 Idle mode :
 Cell selection : higher priority for macro 1800 cells
µ 900
1800 CELL_BAR_QUALIFY = 1
900
=> a dual band MS tries to select first a macro 1800 cell

 Idle mode :
 Cell re-selection :
 higher priority for macro 1800 or micro 900 cells
 higher priority for a corporate micro 900 cell = indoor coverage

 Idle mode :
 Cell re-selection : micro 900 (slow mobiles) > macro 1800 > macro 900
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 20 dB µ 900
1800 TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 20 s
PENALTY_TIME = 20 s
900
C2(1800) = C1(1800) + 20 TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
C2(900) = C1(900) PENALTY_TIME = 20 s
C2(µ 900) = C1(µ 900) + 40 dB µ 900 serving cell or after 20 s of monitoring
= C1 - 20 dB otherwise
 Idle mode :
 Cell re-selection : macro 1800 > micro 900 (slow mobiles) > macro 900
CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET = 60 dB µ 900
1800 TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
PENALTY_TIME = 20 s
PENALTY_TIME = 20 s
900
C2(1800) = C1(1800) + 60 TEMPORARY_OFFSET = 0 dB
C2(900) = C1(900) PENALTY_TIME = 20 s
C2(µ 900) = C1(µ 900) + 30 dB µ 900 serving cell or after 20 s of monitoring
= C1 - 30 dB otherwise
 Cell administration :
 macro 900 and 1800 cells = umbrella
 micro 900 = micro
 with umbrella and micro cells cause 14 is available

 Call set-up
Macro 900
Cause 20 EN_DR = Enable

FREElevel_DR(n) = 4
Cause 20 Macro 1800
EN_DR = Enable
Cause 20 L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) = -85 dBm
FREElevel_DR(n) = 2
Micro 900
EN_DR = Enable
Avoid to send fast mobiles towards the micro 900 layer on cause 20 : EN_FORCED_DR = Enable
L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) = -47 dBm L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) = -47 dBm
FREElevel_DR(n) = 16

 Better condition handovers : corporate micro 900 > macro

1800 > macro 900
Cause 12
Macro 900
Cell_dimension_type = macro
Cell_layer_type = upper HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB Macro 1800
Cause 21 Cell_dimension_type = macro
MULTIBAND_LOAD_LEVEL = 0% Cause 14 Cell_layer_type = upper
EN_SPEED_DISC = Disable Cause 12
A_PBGT_HO = 12
L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n) = -85 dBm
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB A_PBGT_HO = 10
Cause 12 Micro 900

BSS parameters : Cell_dimension_type = micro
Cell_layer_type = lower
PREFERRED_BAND = 1800 HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB
L_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 8 s L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n) = -85 dBm
A_PBGT_HO = 6

 Better condition handovers : corporate micro 900 > macro

1800 > macro 900 :
 if a macro 1800 cell and a micro 900 cell are available, a dual band MS
is sent to the micro 900 cell after 2 handovers :
 first HO on cause 21 between the macro 900 cell and the macro 1800
cell
 second HO on cause 14 between the macro 1800 cell and the micro
900 cell
 a dual band MS is sent directly (1 HO) to the micro 900 cell only if
cause 21 is not triggered
 cause 12 is used for intra-layer handovers

 Better condition handovers : macro 1800 > public micro

900 > macro 900
Cause 12
Macro 900 Macro 1800

Cell_dimension_type = macro Cell_dimension_type = macro
Cell_layer_type = upper HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB
Cell_layer_type = upper
Cause 21
MULTIBAND_LOAD_LEVEL = 0% L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n) = -85 dBm
EN_SPEED_DISC = Disable Cause 14
Cause 12 EN_SPEED_DISC = Disable
A_PBGT_HO = 12 A_PBGT_HO = 10
Micro 900
Cause 21
Cause 12 Cell_dimension_type = micro
BSS parameters : Cell_layer_type = lower
PREFERRED_BAND = 1800 HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB MULTIBAND_LOAD_LEVEL = 0%

L_MIN_DWELL_TIME = 8 s L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n) = -85 dBm
A_PBGT_HO = 6

 Better condition handovers : macro 1800 > public micro

900 > macro 900 :
 if a macro 1800 cell and a micro 900 cell are available, a dual band MS
is sent to the macro 1800 cell on cause 21 and then stays on this layer
 a dual band MS is sent to the micro 900 cell only if cause 21 is not
triggered. Then it is sent to the macro 1800 layer (higher priority) on
cause 21
 cause 12 is used for intra-layer handovers

 Candidate cell evaluation process

PRIORITY(0,n) = 0
HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = 5 dB Macro 900
CELL_EV = GRADE
RXLEVmin(n) = -100 dBm
PRIORITY(0,n) = 0
PRIORITY(0,n) = 1 HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = -127 dB PRIORITY(0,n) = 0
HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = 5 dB HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = 5 dB
PRIORITY(0,n) = 1
HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = 5 dB Macro 1800
CELL_EV = GRADE
PRIORITY(0,n) = 0
PRIORITY(0,n) = 0 PRIORITY(0,n) = 1
HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = 5 dB
HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = 5 dB HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = 5 dB
Micro 900
PRIORITY(0,n) = 0 EN_RESCUE_UM = Enable

HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = 5 dB EN_PBGT_FILTERING = Disable
CELL_EV = ORDER


 the values are only given for example
 with these values :
 serving cell = micro 900 :
– FDR and emergency alarm : macro 900 > macro 1800

 serving cell = macro 900 :

 serving cell = macro 1800 :

 HO_MARGIN_XX(0,n) = -127 dB between a macro 1800 cell and a
macro 900 cell : no PBGT filtering because the macro 900 layer is seen
as a rescue layer

Other aspects (1)
 Hot spot and continuous coverage :

 2 differences :
 behaviour in case of emergency HO :
– if the coverage provided by the macro 1800 layer is good

enough, it is possible to give a higher priority to this layer (use
of EN_RESCUE_UM or PRIORITY(0,n))
 way to exit a macro 1800 cell :
– continuous coverage and cell at the center of the 1800 area :

cause 12 (PBGT)
– hot spot : emergency alarm on level or quality with the risk to
stay a long time on the macro 1800 cell and to be unable to find
a macro 900 neighbouring cell

Other aspects (2)
 Continuous coverage :
 it is necessary to distinguish inner cells located at the center of the 1800
area from outer cells located at the border of the 1800 area
 difference : the way to exit the macro 1800 cell
 outer cell : use same set of parameters than for a hot spot (zone exit)

Other aspects (3)
 1800 cells co-located or not with 900 cells :

 1800 cells co-located with 900 cells : levels are correlated. It is sensible
to take into account the difference in propagation losses with an offset of
10-12 dB
 1800 cells not co-located with 900 cells : levels are not correlated. No
offset

Other aspects (4)
 Multi vendor environment :

 macro 900 = one vendor, macro 1800 = another vendor
 not the best technical solution
 no change in parameters
 inter-band HO = inter-BSC HO : the operator has less possibilities to

manage its network (example : traffic load in the other band not known)
 external Directed Retry only available with Alcatel and Ericsson MSC

Other aspects (5)
 Existing 1800 MHz network :

 case identical to the case of an existing 900 MHz network
 2 differences :
 because propagation losses are lower in the 900 band, it is a good
idea to give a higher priority to this band in case of emergency alarm
 the 1800 operator may use the new frequency band to cover rural
areas

Other aspects (6)
 Existing 1800 MHz network
Urban area = 1800 area Rural area = 900 area
Cause 12 Cause 21 Cause 12
BSS parameters :
HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5dB PREFERRED_BAND = 900
Macro 1800 Macro 900

Cell_dimension_type = macro Cell_dimension_type = macro
Cell_layer_type = upper Cell_layer_type = single
MULTIBAND_LOAD_LEVEL = 0% L_RXLEV_CPT_HO(n) = -85 dBm

A_PBGT_HO = 10 A_PBGT_HO = 12

Special
Special sets
sets of
of parameters
parameters

Zone exit on preventive handover
 The risk with the default parameters is to stay a long time

connected to a macro 1800 cell when leaving the 1800
area.
 New set of parameters in order to anticipate the zone exit :
 L_RXLEV_DL_H = normal value + 10 dB
 use of the filtering process
macro 900
HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n) = -127 dB HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n) = 20 dB
Exit of the macro 1800 area macro 1800

HO_MARGIN_LEV(0,n) = 8 dB
Use of a high L_RXLEV_DL_H

Capture threshold set on a per cell basis (1)
 Example : a real network is made up of public and

corporate micro cells
Macro 900
Cause 21
Cause 14 Cause 14
Macro 1800
Cause 14
Micro 900
Cell_dimension_type = micro
public corporate

Capture threshold set on a per cell basis (2)
 Solution :
 modify the parameter Cause_Margin_P_14 on macro 1800 cells (= 60
dB)
 use of the filtering process :

 HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5 dB between a macro 1800 cell and a public
micro 900 cell
 HO_MARGIN(0,n) = -127 dB between a macro 1800 cell and a
corporate micro 900 cell

Tuning
Tuning

Idle mode
 Re-selection :
 in the tuning of the parameters CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET and
TEMPORARY_OFFSET it is necessary to take into account :
 the difference of propagation losses between 900 and 1800 MHz if
900 and 1800 cells are co-located
 the value of RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN
 a good choice of re-selection parameters is necessary to avoid

emergency handovers

Connected mode
 Call set-up :
 FDR : tune L_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) to avoid quality problems in the
target cell
 Capture handover :
 use the parameter MULTI_BAND_LOAD_LEVEL in order to reduce
the number of inter-band HO (cause 21)
 be careful with the value of the capture thresholds to avoid emergency
handovers and ping-pong HO

Other aspects
 Neighbouring cells :
 number limited to 32 BCCH
 limit easily reached in a network with 3 or 4 layers
 special care must be taken when defining the list of neighbouring cells

Problems
Problems of
of B5
B5 release
release

Detection of better condition HO causes (1)
 Description of the problem :

 when a handover cause is verified, handover causes with a lower level of
priority are not checked
 behaviour problematic in a multi-layer, multi-band network :
 if the neighbouring cell which has triggered the handover cause with
the level of priority n is not accessible (congestion for example) it is
not possible to make a handover towards a neighbouring cell using a
handover cause of priority n-1 or n-2
 it is much more complicated to manage the priority between the
different layers. Indeed, the use of the parameter PRIORITY(0,n) is
limited to a group of neighbouring cells (lower layer cells, preferred
band cells, …)

 Example :
 cause 21 triggered but macro 1800 cell congested
 micro 900 cell not accessible
Cause 12
Macro 900
Cause 21
Cause 12
Macro 1800
Cause 14 Cause 21
Micro 900 Cause 12

 Example :
 high priority for the micro 900 layer but cause 21 triggered : 2 HO to
reach the micro 900 layer
Cause 12
Macro 900
Cause 21
Cause 12
Macro 1800
Cause 14
Micro 900 Cause 12


Cause 21 and micro 1800 cells (1)
 Description of the problem :

 avoid cause 21 towards a micro 1800 cell (no speed discrimination)
 Example : Cause 12
Macro 900
Cause 21
Cause 12
Macro 1800
Cause 14
Cause 12
Micro 1800

Cause 21 and micro 1800 cells (2)
 Solution :
 Cause_Margin_P_21 = 60 dB for macro 900 cells
 use of the filtering process :

 HO_MARGIN(0,n) = -127 dB between a macro 900 cell and a
macro 1800 cell
 HO_MARGIN(0,n) = 5 dB between a macro 900 cell and a micro
1800 cell

Dual Band Networks: Parameters and Optimization

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Dual band networks

Parameters and optimization

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Special sets of parameters

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

BSS release 5 : Multiband BSC

 Few parameters are necessary to operate a dual band

 It is possible to reuse 900 and 1800 MHz default radio

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Sending of neighbouring cells list in each frequency band

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Idle mode : BCCH, SYS INFO 2, 2ter and 2bis

805 BCCH 1800

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Dedicated mode : SACCH, SYS INFO 5, 5bis and 5ter

805 SACCH 1800

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 A BSS parameter enables sending of SI 2bis/2ter and SI

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 It is necessary to tell to a dual band MS how to report

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Use of one parameter set on a per cell basis :

– 2 = 2 strongest cells (non serving cell frequency band) + 4 strongest cells

– 3 = 3 strongest cells (non serving cell frequency band) + 3 strongest cells

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Very important to direct MS to the desired layer not only

 Dual band MS are phase 2 MS : it is possible to use the

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Cell selection, use of CELL_BAR_QUALIFY :

 interacts with CELL_BAR_ACCESS

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Cell selection, use of CELL_BAR_QUALIFY :

=> selection of the 1800 cell

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 CELL_RESELECT_OFFSET : 0 to 126 dB, 2 dB steps

 TEMPORARY_OFFSET : 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, infinite dB

 PENALTY_TIME : 20 to 620 s, 20 s steps

 parameters broadcasted on the BCCH if

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 SDCCH-TCH handover only possible if the serving cell is

 Internal and external Directed Retry are possible

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 candidate cell evaluation process : same than for TCH-TCH HO

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Forced Directed Retry :

 AV_RXLEV_NCELL_DR(n) is calculated with A_PBGT_DR samples

 if less than A_PBGT_DR samples are available, the average value is

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Forced Directed Retry :

 PREF_LAYER, PRIORITY(0,n), frequency

 neighbouring cells sorted according to their PBGT_DR :

Mobile Communication Division MCD/CO/OC

 Five better condition handover causes :

 Each time a measurement result is received, handover