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J. D Williams, Inc. is an investment advisory firm that manages more than $120 million
in funds for its numerous clients. The company uses an asset allocation model that
recommends the portion of each client¶s portfolio to be invested in a growth stock fund,
and income fund, and a money market fund. To maintain diversity in each client¶s
portfolio, the firm places limits on the percentage of each portfolio that may be invested
in each of three funds. General guidelines indicate that the amount invested in the growth
fund must be between 20% and 40% of the total portfolio value. Similar percentages for
the other two funds stipulate that between 20% and 50% of the total portfolio value must
be in the income fund and at least 30% of the total portfolio value must be in the money
market fund.

In addition, the company attempts to assess the risk tolerance of each client and adjust the
portfolio to meet the needs of the individual investor. For example, Williams just
contracted with a new client who has $800,000 to invest. Based on an evaluation of the
client¶s risk tolerance, William assigned a maximum risk index of 0.05 for the client.
The firm¶s risk indicators show the risk of the growth fund at 0.01, the income fund at
0.07, and the money market fund at 0.01. An overall portfolio risk index is computed as
a weighted average of the risk rating for the three funds where the weights are the
fraction of the client¶s portfolio invested in each of the funds.

Additionally, William is currently forecasting annual yields of 18% for the growth fund,
12.5 for the income fund and 7.5% for the money market fund. Based on the information
provided, how should the new client be advised to allocate the $800,000 among the
growth, income, and money market funds? Develop a linear programming model that will
provide the maximum yield for the portfolio. Use your model to develop a managerial
report.

 
 

J.D Williams is an investment advisory firm that manages $120 million funds for its clients. The
company utilizes several financial approaches in advising their clients how to achieve optimal
portfolio returns. They are as follow:-

° An Asset Allocation Model ± An asset allocation model, which provides individual

clients with an investment strategy in order to obtain optimal investments
combinations.
° |ercentage Limitations ± The company strongly recommends investment diversity as
a protection of an investors¶ assets. Each client is therefore, encouraged with
percentage limitations by a team of professional advisors.
° A Risk Tolerance Analysis ± The company conducts an analysis of the individual
investor¶s risk tolerance and adjusts their portfolios accordingly.

J.D Williams has recently contracted with a new client and would like to determine the best way
to allocate the client¶s $800,000 in available funds for optimal growth. The subsequent sections
of this report provide an outline of the investment recommendation provided to the client.

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To formulate a linear programming model for J.D William problem, we introduce the following
three decision variables:-

à


 

GF = $ amount of investment in growth stock fund

IF = $ amount of investment in income fund

MMF = $ amount of investment in money market fund

Using the data provided, the objective function for maximizing the total return of the portfolios
as describe below:-

àà  p


Maximize the total return of the portfolio

Max 0.18GF+0125+0.075MMF
The constraint for this case as follows:-

ààà  c

 

1GF+1IF+1MMF <= 800,000 $ amount available to invest

0.80GF-0.20IF-0.20MMF >= 0 $ amount invested in the growth fund

must be at least 20% of total portfolio
0.60GF-0.40IF-0.40MMF <= 0 $ amount invested in the growth fund
must be at most 40% of total portfolio
-0.20GF+0.80IF-0.20MMF >= 0 $ amount invested in the income fund
must be at least 20% of total portfolio
-0.50GF+0.50IF-0.50MMF <= 0 $ amount invested in the income fund
must be at most 50% of total portfolio
-0.30GF-0.30IF+0.70MMF >= 0 $ amount invested in the money
market fund must be least 30% of total
portfolio
0.05GF+0.021F-0.04MMF <= 0 Investor¶s risk tolerance index

Key assumptions

The present table provides information which outlines the key assumptions take into
consideration in the development of the investment recommendation.

|
    
 
 
 
Growth Stock Fund 0.10 0.18
Income Fund 0.07 0.125
Money Market Fund 0.01 0.075

We assume that the risk indicators and forecasted yields are given as true above. We also
assume that the client does not want to consider other investment options. %
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1. Recommendation for $800,000 investment for the 3 following fund with the annual yield
that we have anticipated for the investment recommendations :-

Growth Fund = $248,889

Income Fund = $160,000

Money Market Fund = $391,111

Total A/0((1(((

The anticipated annual yield is :

Growth Fund = $248,889 x 0.18 = $44,800

Income Fund = $160,000 x 0.125 = $20,000

Money Market Fund = $391,111 x 0.075 = $29,333

Total = $94,133

Total Anticipated Annual Yield = $94,133 = 11.77%

= $800,000

2. In terms of the risk tolerance index, if the client¶s index were increased by one half of a
percentage point, from 0.05 to 0.055, the annual yield on investment would increase by
$4,667, from the original optimal estimation of $94,133 to a new projection of $98,800.

The modified asset allocation recommendation and its corresponding projected annual
return are as follows :-

Fund Allocation |rojected Annual Yield

Growth Fund = $293,333 Growth Fund = $293,333x0.18= $52,800
Income Fund = $160,000 Income Fund =$160,000x0.125= $20,000
M Market Fund = $346,667 M Market Fund=$346,667x0.075= $26,000
Total = $800,000 Total = $98,800

Total Anticipated Annual Yield = $98,800 = 12.35%

$800,000
3. We would not suggest a change in the investment recommendation if the annual yield is
revised downward to 16% as it is within the Range of Optimality. However, if it were to
change to 14%, it will be outside the lower limit. As such, the value will change from
$94,133 to $85,067, therefore, we would not recommend going below 15%.

Any lower index values that fall outside the growth fund¶s range of optimality under the
origins recommendation would warrant a new investment strategy for client, as these
values would result in a change of the originally projected total annual yield value.

The n of present recommendation of investment allocation in the growth fund is based on

the funds given range of optimality, which measures from 15% to an infinite number of
annual yield values. This range indicates that any possible index increase of this fund i.e,
16% and higher, would not have an impact in the portfolio¶s optimal asset allocation yet.
It would positively affect the objective functions total annual yield value from the
original projected value of $94,133.

Conversely, potential downward fluctuations, failing below the growth funds annual yield
lower limit index of 15%, would constitute a deviation from the original recommended
asset allocation and it¶s corresponding projected value of $94,133, as the new value falls
outside the fund¶s range of optimality. To illustrate, if the growth fund¶s annual yield
value would decrease to 14%, the corresponding total annual return would also decrease
to $8.

4. Financial portfolio theory stresses obtaining a proper balance between risk and return.
Choosing the appropriate constraints is an effective method that ensures this balance.

Given the risk indexes of 0.10 and 0.07 of the growth fund and income fund respectively,
the client may opt to choose a less aggressive approach by limiting the growth fund¶s
investment amount to equal, ye not surpass, the amount invested in the income fund.
This change in investment strategy, however, would generate a lower annual yield of
$85,067, than the projected annual return of $94,133 by the original, more risky
recommendation.

5. J.D William would recommend the use of this model only when the potential new clients
meet the present outline criteria i.e., similar objectives and constraints. The company
mission, however, is to provide the professional, financial advised that best meets the
individual investors¶ needs. The company would therefore, not recommend the use of
this asset allocation model as a general guide to financial investment.
6. Attached are the Management Scientist Report that we run using the The Management
Scientists Version 6.0
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