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 Validity of Paterson’s formula

Stress concentration factor for an ellipse (Paterson) :

b
Ktg = 1 + 2
a
with b horizontal axis, a vertical axis for a vertical tension on the plate.

type of geometry 1 + 2 ab Finite Element

circle, a=b=1mm 3 3.018
ellipse, a=0.4mm ; b=1.mm 6 5.995
ellipse, a=2.5mm ; b=1.mm 1.8 1.821
Comparison between circle and "flat" hole
 Comparison between circle and "flat" hole

sig22 contour plot circle sig22 contour plot ellipse

sig_inf = 100MPa r=1mm sig_inf = 100MPa b=1mm, a=0.4mm

y y

z x z x

11 33 56 78 1e+02 1.2e+02 1.4e+02 1.7e+02 1.9e+02 11 33 56 78 1e+02 1.2e+02 1.4e+02 1.7e+02 1.9e+02
0 22 44 67 89 1.1e+02 1.3e+02 1.6e+02 1.8e+02 2e+02 0 22 44 67 89 1.1e+02 1.3e+02 1.6e+02 1.8e+02 2e+02
y y
min:-5.537470 max:301.772552 z x min:-8.112257 max:599.511902 z x

Sat Mar 3 15:16:51 2001 /home/gc/COURS/2.002/lab4/Square/circle.ps Sat Mar 3 15:16:34 2001 /home/gc/COURS/2.002/lab4/Square/ellipX.ps

circle (max=301 MPa) flat (max= 599 MPa)

Comparison between circle and "elongated" hole
 Comparison between circle and "elongated" hole

sig22 contour plot circle sig22 contour plot ellipse

sig_inf = 100MPa r=1mm sig_inf = 100MPa b=1mm, a=2.5mm

y y

z x z x

11 33 56 78 1e+02 1.2e+02 1.4e+02 1.7e+02 1.9e+02 11 33 56 78 1e+02 1.2e+02 1.4e+02 1.7e+02 1.9e+02
0 22 44 67 89 1.1e+02 1.3e+02 1.6e+02 1.8e+02 2e+02 0 22 44 67 89 1.1e+02 1.3e+02 1.6e+02 1.8e+02 2e+02
y y
min:-5.537470 max:301.772552 z x min:-7.905968 max:182.130478 z x

Sat Mar 3 15:16:51 2001 /home/gc/COURS/2.002/lab4/Square/circle.ps Sat Mar 3 15:17:28 2001 /home/gc/COURS/2.002/lab4/Square/ellipY.ps

circle (max=301 MPa) elongated (max=182 MPa)

 Stress concentration for a circular hole

350
(50.*(2.+(1./x)**2 + 3.*(1./x)**4))
fine mesh
coarse_quad mesh
coarse-lin mesh
300

250

200

150

100

50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

σ22 profile on the ligament for a 1mm circular hole in a 10mm×10mm plate with various meshes
 Stress concentration for a circular hole (zoom)

320
(50.*(2.+(1./x)**2 + 3.*(1./x)**4))
fine mesh
300 coarse-quad mesh
coarse-lin mesh

280

260

240

220

200

180

160

140

120
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

σ22 profile on the ligament for a 1mm circular hole in a 10mm×10mm plate with various meshes
(zoom)
 Stress concentration for various hole shapes

600
circle a=1mm
flat a=0.4mm
550 high a=2.5mm

500

450
stress in the ligament (MPa)

400

350

300

250

200

150

100
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
distance to the center (mm)

σ22 profile on the ligament for a 3 types of hole in a 10mm×10mm plate (σ∞ =100MPa), b=1mm