twGJ(1)?

trSw(f 2)/
Mo*kwv
f (1)&uf? 2008ckESp/f

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/

1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/

 t,f ' D w mh x H a y;pm
t,f'w D mcifAsm; ³ ³ ³ em*pf r k e f w d k i f ; 0if o G m ;w,f ? b0aysmuf a eol a wG / tem*wf
pma&;r,f a&;r,feJ@udk ra&;jzpfbl;? b,fEdkifiHrS b,ftpdk;&rS vmrulnDEdkif aysmufaeolawG &Sad eao;w,f? jrefrm
cdk;csifwmvJysmvdk@/ aES;vdkufwmvnf; ao;bl;? jrefrmjynfolawGuyJ r&Sd&Sdwm vl r sKd ; awG q d k a wmh “oaAowW m
csmvd@k qdo k vdyk AJ sm? a&;csiw
f muawmh av;xJ u ae zJ h a y;vS L 'gef ; w,f ? urRmwum” vd@k w&m;oabm qifjcif
trsm;}uD;yJ/ 'gayr,fh bmudk b,fu o'<gw&m;vufe@J ruGmwJh vlrsK;d qdak wmh Edkif=uygw,f? 'gawGu b,fol@a=umifh
p&r,freS ;f udk rodawmhb;l ? a&;jy&r,f Asm? 'gayr,fh wu,fu h kd bk&m;'g,u d m/ vJ? b,fo@l vufcsuv f J qdw
k hJ tpGJ awG
qdk& if r sm;Asm pmzG J @ vdk@ rukefq dkovdk 'g,d u mrvd k @ ud k , f h u d k , f u d k cH , l + yD ; aysmufuG,fae=uw,f?
jzpfaew,fav? bk&m;awG tqlqw l nfaewJh usaemfw@kd &@J tck&ufawGrSm r[m &efukef
reuftdyf&mxvdk@ vufbuf bk&m'g,u d m/ 'g,u d m r}uD;awGqu D ae +rdK@awmfrSmvnf; em*pf 0ifar¸oGm;vdk@
&nfqdkifxdkifw,fqdk&ifyJ vufxJ&SdwJh awmh b,f a vmuf vS L vd k u f + yD q d k w J h tysuftpD;awG rjyifEdkif=uao;awmh
jcaoFhav;eJ@wGufcsufae&+yD? tvS L cH j zwf y d k i f ; av;awG rawG @ & =uuf o a&r&S d j zpf a ewJ h t a=umif ;
vukecf ge;D &ufr@kd taygi;f toif; abmf'g ao;wmawmh aocsmrS w f r d a ew,f ? ajymjzpf = uygw,f ? tJ ' D x J r S m
awG v nf ; jywf v yf u k e f = u+yD a v? Edik if w
H um tvSL[m ol@tvSL vd@k ,q l usaemf w k d @ ol i ,f c sif ; wpf a ,muf
vufbuf&nfwpfcGufudk ESpfa,muf aevdk@xifygw,fvdk@ abmf'gwpfa,muf ajymvkdufwmu -
aomuf/ aq;vdyw f pfvyd u
f kd ESpaf ,muf uajymawmh ? “tvS L vuf b uf e J @ “em*pf 0 if o G m ;rS &ef u k e f + rd K @}uD ;
zGm? 'gyJav jrefrmvlrsKd;qdkwm? r&Sd rsufESmvkyfw,f” qdkwJh jrefrmpum;yHk =uuf o a&rJ h o G m ;wmr[k w f b l ; ? aocsm
wmuawmh &ef u k e f + rd K @wG i f r[k w f b l ;
twl / &S d t wl a e=uw,f ? 'D v d k a e& av; oGm;owd&w,fAsm?
jref r mEd k i f i H w pf E k d i f i H v H k ; =uuf o a&r&S d
wmawmif tvS L twef ; qd k v nf ; em*pf 0 if a r$ o G m ;wm vl a wG
jzpf a ewm ES p f a ygif ; ; 40ausmf o G m ;cJ h + yD ”
xd y f q H k ; uyJ A s? ol r sm;awG x uf odef;eJ@csD oef;eJ@csD ysufpD;cJhw,f? tck
wJhq&ma&? rcH p m;Ek d i f o l w pf O D ;
b,fawmhrS aemufrusbl;? tcsd e f t xd 'k u Q a &muf a eol a wG

jynf a xmif p k y ef ; wk d i f * sme,f x k w f a 0onf h

&nf & G , f c suf r sm; owif;? owif;aqmif;yg;? tufaq;? uAsm
ponfh pmrlrsm;/ a0zeftBuaH y;pmrsm;
(1) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH trsdK;om;aumifpD. a&;om;ay;ykEYd idk Mf uygonf/
EkdifiHa&;OD;wnfcsuf(4)&yfukd taumiftxnfaz:
onfh vkyfief;rsm; jynfol=um;wGif ysHŒESHŒap&ef?
(2) jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiH trsdK;om;aumifpD jynfaxmifpkyef;wkdif*sme,fokdY
NCUB. ausm¶kd;tzGJŒtpnf;rsm;jzpfaom pmrl r sm;?a0zef t BuH a y;pmrsm;
NDF/DAB/NLD(LA)/MPU tzGŒJ rsm;. ay;ykdYvkdvQif atmufygvdyfpmrsm;twkdif;
ppfa&;/EkdifiHa&; v+yf&Sm;aqmif&Gufaer+rsm;ukd ay;ydkYEdkifygw,f/
us,fus,fjyefŒjyefŒaz:xkwf&ef?
(3) jrefrmjynfolvlxk. pD;yGm;a&;b0/ vlr+a&;b0/
EkdifiHa&;b0trSefrsm;ukd xif[yfaz: jy&ef? P.O Box (40)
(4) wkdif;&if;om;vlrsdK;pkrsm;. EkdifiHa&; oabmxm; TAK-63110
tjrifrsm;ukd yGifhyGifhvif;vif; az: jyEkdif&ef? Mae Sot, Thailand
(5) jynfolrsm;=um; 'Drkdua&pD tavhtusifhrsm;
&SifoefEkd;=um;ap&ef? Email : [email protected]
(6) jrefrmjynf 'Drkdua&pD v_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ukdEkdifiH [email protected]
wum'Drkdua&pDv_yf&Sm;r_rsm;ESifh qufpyfEkdif&ef?

2 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/

t,f'Dwmhtmabmf
&Spaf v;vkH;ta&;awmfykHtESp(f 20)Mumvmonfhtcg . . .
urBmhtjzpftysufrsm;ESifhywfoufI qkdpum;wpfck &SdvmcJhonf?
vlwpfa,mufukdowfv#if vlowfr_/ ao'%f jyefusonf/ vlta,muf 20 cef@ owfvkdufv#if
pdwZW vlowform;tjzpf owfrw S o f nf/ vl tpkvu dk f tjyHKvku d f owfv#if awG@qaHk qG;aEG;&atmif pm;yG0J idk ;f ok@d
zdwfac:&awmhonf?
tiftm;csed cf iG v f #monf Ekid if aH &;vrf;a=umif;/ enf;y&d,m,f/ Ekid if aH &;vkyif ef;pOfw@dk udk qk;H jzwfaeonf?
1988 ckESpf &Spfav;vkH; ta&;awmfykHumvwGif v$rf;rkd;cJhaom EkdifiHa&; aºuG;a=umfoHrsm;rSm zGJ@pnf;ykH
tajccHOya' zsuo f rd ;f / wpfygwD tm%m&Sipf epfzsuo f rd ;f / ygwpD 'Hk rD u
dk a&pDpepf usio hf ;Hk / =um;jzwftpk;d & zG@J pnf;?
&Spaf v;vk;H taxGaxGoydww f u dk yf JG ok@d r[kwf 1350 jynfh ta&;awmfy. Hk t&Sed t f [keu f }uD;rm;onf?
xk@d a=umifh xku d mv&Sd wku d yf tJG &Sed t f [keu f ay;aom Ekid if aH &; az: jycsuu f vnf; tjrifq h ;Hk wGi&f adS eonf/ 'Dru dk a&pD
tpkd;&opf ay:xGef;a&;om?
&Spfav;vkH;vlxkwkdufyGJ}uD;ukd t=urf;zuf ypfcwfESdrfESif;vkdufonf? taxGaxGoydwfqkdaom wkdufyGJ
ykpH uH o dk m ypfcwfErdS Ef iS ;f vk@d &rnf? &Spaf v;vk;H vlxw k udk yf u JG ay:xGuv f maom Ekid if aH &;tESpo f m&ukd ypfy,fv@dk r&/
wufvmaom ppftm%m&Sifwkd@onf &Spfav;vkH;vlxkwkdufyGJ. EkdifiHa&;awmif;qkdr_udk wkH@jyef+yD; ygwDpkH
'Drkdua&pDa&G;aumufyGJrsm; usif;yrnf/ a&G;aumufyGJESifh wufvmaomtpkd;&ukd tm%mv$Jay;+yD;/ ppfwyfu
ppfwef;vsm; jyefrnf[k xkt d csed u
f tm%modr;f Akv d cf sKyf}uD;jzpfaom Akv d cf sKyf}uD;apmarmif uk, d w f idk f ajymcJ&h onf?
,ae@ &Spfav;vkH; vlxkwkdufyGJ}uD; tESpfESpfq,fyifjynfh+yD? &Spfav;vkH; vlxkwkdufyGJu xm;csefcJhaom
EkdifiHa&;vrf;a=umif;u tqkH;rowfao;/ 'Drkdua&pDpepfwpf&yf 'Drkdua&pD tpkd;&wpf&yf ay:xGef;rvmao;?
okd@aomf tajctaewkd@um; &Spfav;vkH;umvyuwdtwkdif; r&Sdawmh?
ppftm%m&Siw f @dk u vufeuftm;uk;d / uk, d u f sKd ;pD;yGm;a&S@wef;wif Ekid if t H csKd @. tm;uk;d jzifh twdwpf um;
tm;vk;H udk arhypfvu dk +f yD;/ ol@vrf; ol cif;vmonf? &Spaf v;vk;H tESpf 20 umvok@d a&mufaomtcg olcif;vm
aomvrf;u tqif(h 7)qifyh gvrf;jyajryk. H tqifh (4)txd +yD;oGm;+yD? ol@oabmolaqmif zG@J pnf;ykt H ajccHOya'
twnfjyK+yD;/ ol@oabmolaqmifO;D rnfh 2010 ygwpD aHk &G;aumufyv JG yk af wmhrnf? ukvor*~u wku d w f eG ;f vmcJah om
Ed k i f i H a &;tusOf ; om;rsm;ud k vG w f a y;&ef / awG @ qH k a qG ; aEG ; a&;vk y f & ef / 90jynf h a&G ; aumuf y G J & vm'f u d k
taumiftxnfazmf&efwkd@udk ppftm%m&Sifwkd@ cyfwnfwnfjzifh ab;z,fxm;vkduf=uonf?
ppftpkd;&bufwGif jrefrmjynfolawG&Sdovm;/ urBmhjynfolawG axmufcHovm;? 'gvnf; &Sif;vif;
aeaom yuwdtaetxm;wpf&yfyif? Ekid if w H umtv,fwiG f jynfot l rsm;pk}uD;u vufawG@a&m/ pdw"f gwt f &
yg qef@usif+rJ qef@usifcHae&aom ppftm%m&Siftpkd;&?
rnfokd@jzpfap 'Drkdua&pDwkdufyGJ/ 'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pk/ 'Drkdua&pDrsdK;qufopfrsm;um; &Sdaeao;onf/
ay:xGuaf eao;onf/ 'Dru dk a&pDrsKd ;qufum; rwke;f ? 2007 umvwGif ay:xGuv f mcJo h nhf ausmif;om; vli,f
tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;u oufaocHaeonf?
,ae@ &Spaf v;vk;H tESp(f 20)umvok@d a&mufvmaomtcgwiG f ar;cGe;f xkwpf &m&Sad eonfu ol@tiftm;
oltm;ukd;I ppftm%mwnf+rJa&;twGuf ol@vrf; olcif;xm;onfh vrf;jyajrykHtwkdif; vkduf=urnfvm;/
ud, k t hf iftm; uk, d pf pk nf; uk, d w hf u dk yf v
JG rf;a=umif; uk, d af z:/ uk, d Ehf idk if aH &;vrf;a=umif;twkid ;f ,k, H =Hk unf=unf
qufvufcsDwuf=urnfvm;?
wcsKd @ ajz+yD;=u+yD? ?

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/ 3

 jrefrmppftpk;d &ukd tpk;d &pm&if;rS y,fzsu&f ef
vIy&f mS ;rIrsm; . . . . .
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmekdifiHtrsdK;om;aumifpDu etzppftkyfpktm;jrefrmekdifiHwGif tpkd;&wpf&yftaejzifh
r&Sdoifhawmha=umif; vmrnfh ukvor8~taxGaxGnDvmcH=uD;wGif pdefac:wifjyawmhrnf
jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f vuf&dS tkycf sKyfaeaom ppftm%m&Sif 1) Zlvdkifv 14 &ufae@wGif pdefac:csuftrSwfwpf tjzpf
tpdk;&tm; ukvor*~vHk+cHKa&;aumifpDtwGif; jrefrmEdkifiH etztm; w&m0iftodtrSwfrjyKoifha=umif; ukvor*~rS
ud k , f p m;jyKaqmif & G u f a ejcif ; tm; ud k , f p m;jyKae&mrS jrefrmEdkifiH udk,fpm;jyK udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJ@rS xkwfy,fay;&ef
z,f&Sm;ay;yg&ef urBmhukvor*~taxGaxGnDvmcH=uD;odk@ awmif;qdkpmudk wifoGif;jcif;/
Zl v d k i f v 14&uf a e@wG i f jref r mh ' D r d k u a&pD t a&; v_ y f & S m ; 2) jref r mEd k i f i H o nf 1990jynf h a &G ; aumuf y G J + yD ; csd e f r S p I
aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sd=uaom tzGJ@tpnf;rsm; pkaygif;I tqdk jref r mEd k i f i H . tem*wf t m%monf jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf
wifoGif;r_wpf&yfudk jyKvkyfcJh=uonf? ud k , f p m;vS , f r sm;. vuf 0 ,f w G i f ; od k @ jynf o l r sm;.
tm%m&Sifppftpkd;&onf jrefrmEdkifiHtm; udk,fpm; qEN E S i f h t nD tyf E S i f ; xm;+yD ; jzpf o jzif h jynf o l @ v$ w f a wmf
rjyKawmh a =umif ; ud k uk v or*~ v H k + cH K a&;aumif p D r S w&m; ukd,fpm;vS,frsm; .oabmqENESifhtnDr[kwfonfh etz
0ifxw k jf yefcsuf onf tvGet f a&;}uD;aom tcsujf zpfonf? ppftpdk;&. vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onf 1990 jynfhaemufydkif;rS
jrefrmjynfolrsm;tm; rw&m;ESdyfpuf nSif;yef;cGifh w&m;0if pI jrefrmEdkifiH. w&m;0if ukd,fpm;jyKr_ tqifh rowfrSwf
vd k i f p if & xm; ouJ h o d k @ etzppf & mZ0wf a umif t m; oifha=umif;ESifh ppftpdk;&tm; ukvor*~ tzJG@0ifpm&if;rS
ukvor*~rS atmifjrifpGm z,f&Sm;ypfy,fjcif;onf ppftm jrefrm Edik if u H , kd pf m;jyK tpd;k &ae&mrS y,fzsuf ay;&ef awmif;qdk
%m&Sit f m; w&m;0ifaom tpd;k &trSew f u,f r[kwaf =umif; csufrsm; wifoGif;jcif;/
EdkifiHwumrS todtrSwf jyKvdkufjcif;yifjzpfonf? 3) jrefrm ppftpdk;&. jynfolrsm;tay: rw&m; nSif;yef;
xdtk qdw k ifcsuu f kd taumif txnfay:ap&efvnf; ESdyfpufr_/ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;tay: vlrsKd;wkH; owfjzwf
jrefrm'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;rSekdifiHwum Oya'rsm;&Sifrsm;/ aer_rsm;/ jynfol@b¾mrsm;tm; tvGJoHk;pm; jyKaer_ rsm;/
EdkifiHwum todkif;t0dkif;rsm;ESifhtwl vufwGJum 0dkif;0ef; jynfo@l qENazmfxw k yf rJG sm;udk t=urf; zufErdS Ef iS ;f r_rsm;/ vltcGihf
}ud K ;yrf ; vsuf & S d o nf ? &S p f a v;vk H ; vl x k v _ y f & S m ;r_ = uD ; wG i f ta&;csKd; azmufaer_rsm;/ trsKd;orD; rsm;tay: t"rR csKd;
jrefrmjynforl sm;. qENazmf xkwyf u JG kd t=urf;zufErdS Ef iS ;f cJjh cif;/ azmufr_rsm;/ tvkyform; tcGifht&; csKd;azmufr_/ uav;
2003 ck E S p f w G i f j zpf a y:cJ h a om 'D y J , if ; vk y f } uH r _ / 2007 ppfom;rsm;ESifhywfoufI uav; oli,fqdkif&m tcGifhta&;
puf w if b m a&$ 0 ga&mif a wmf v S e f a &;tm; t=urf ; zuf csKd ; azmuf r _ r sm;/ jynf o l r sm; em*pf rk e f w d k i f ; a=umif h 'k u Q
ESrd ef if;cJah om e0w/ etz ppftm%m&Sipf epftm; tjrpfrusef cHpm;ae&csdefwGif EdkifiHwum tul tnDrsm;ESifh ywfoufI
wdkufzsufypf&ef ,ck awmif;qdkcsufonf t"duusaom tvG J o H k ; pm;jyKaer_ r sm;ud k pepf w us rS w f w rf ; rsm;jzif h
wkdufyJG0ifvkyf&yfwckjzpfonf? w&m;0if oufao taxmuf w&m;Oya'ESifhtnD jyifqifxm;jcif;/
txm;rsm;/ Edik if w H um t=urf; zufjcif; qdik &f m Oya'rsm;udk 4) tajccHvx l q k ENazmfxw k yf rJG sm;udk ae&mtES@H wiG f pepfwus
udk;um;I EdkifiHwumrS w&m;Oya' qdkif&m ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh v_yf&Sm;jcif;/
aqG;aEG;t}uHOm%f&,ljcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf? xdk@aemuf 5) bmoma&;ES i f h q d k i f a om tzG J @ tpnf ; rsm;/ 'D r d k u a&pD
jref r mEd k i f i H r S Oya'ynm&S i f r sm;ES i f h jref r mh ' D r d k u a&pD tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ wdkif;&ifom;tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rS v_yf&Sm;jcif;/
tiftm;pkrsm;onf pnf;¶H;k nDnw G pf mG jzifh etz ppftyk pf t k m; 6) oHwrefa&;jzifh EdkifiHwumtodkif;t0dkif;rsm;rS etzppf
uk v or*~ v H k + cH K a&;aumif p D r S ud k , f p m;vS , f a e&m tpdk;&tm; ukvrS y,fzsufa&;udk zdtm;ay;aqmif&Gufap&ef
y,fzsuaf &;ESif ywfouf+yD; aqG;aEG;um wdusjywfom;aom ponft h csurf sm;udk csrw S v
f yk af qmif=u&ef tpDtpOf
tpD t pOf r sm;ud k tqif h v k d u f a&;qG J c J h = uonf ? xk d t pD rsm; a&;qGJxm;ygonf?
tpOfwkd@rSm atmufygtwkdif; jzpfonf?

4 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/

 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdfifiH trsdK;om;aumifpD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; OD;armifarmif
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212
jrefrmppftpkd;&ukd &mZ0wfrIrsm;jzifh w&m;qGJEkdif&ef EkdifiHwum vSnfv
Y nfaqG;aEG;
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212
EdkifiHwumtvkyform;rsm; nd_E_dif;aqG;aEG;yGJwGif onfh aqG;aEG; n$ef=um;csufrsm; =o0g'rsm;udk
wif j y&ef t wG u f vd k t yf a om jyif q if r _ r sm; cH,lcJhonf?
csrSwfcJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiH. tvkyform;rsm; ZGefv 28 &ufwGif tar&duefEdkifiH
qd k i f & m tcG i f h t a&;rsm;ES i f h ywf o uf I 0g&Sifwef'DpD+rdK@&Sd NCUB ¶Hk;Y Credentials
(International Court of Justice) od@k Challenge ywfoufonfh ¶Hk;wGif;ydkif;qdkif&m
wifjy&efudkvnf; aqG;aEG;cJh=uonf? awG@qHkaqG;aEG;r_rsm; jyifqifr_rsm;udk tao;
ZG e f v 15&uf a e@wG i f vef ' ef + rd K @Y pdwfjyKvkyfcJhonf?
jrefrmEdik if q H ikd &f m v_y&f mS ;olrsm;tzG@J ( Burma txuf y gxk w f j yef c suf u d k jref r m
CampaignUK) ESiahf wG@qu kH m Credentials jynf o l r sm;/ jref r mh 'D r k d u &uf w pf tzG J @
Challenge ES i f h y wf o uf I &S i f ; vif ; jcif ; / tpnf ; rsm;/ jref r m'D r d k u a&pD a &; v_ y f & S m ;
taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief; aeaom tzGJ@rsm;ESifh vufwGJnDnD yl;aygif;I
aqmifwmrsm;twGuf n_Ed id_ ;f aqG;aEG;yGJ wpf&yfukd ppftm%m&Siftm; qef@usif jzKwfcsjcif;udk
jyKvkyfcJhonf? taumiftxnfazmf&eftwGuf Zlvdkif 23&uf
ZGefv 18/19/20 &ufae@rsm;wGif a&m ae@wG i f tar&d u ef E d k i f i H e,l ; a&muf + rd K @Y
j ynf a xmif p k j ref r mEk d i f i H trsd K ;om;aumif p D rY EdkifiHwumrS 'Drdkua&pDa&; v_yf&Sm;ol r[m NCUB. a&S@aersm;ESifh nSdE_dif; aqG;aEG;yGJ
taxG a xG t wG i f ; a&;rS L ; OD ; armif a rmif rdwfrsm;nDvmcHudk wufa&mufcJhonf? *seDAm&Sd wpf&yfusif;yonf?
ZGefv 1 &ufae@rSpI 13 &ufae@ uk v or*~ vH k + cH K a&;aumif p D (UNGA) . Zlvikd v f 24&uf tar&duefjynfe,f
txd qGpZf vefEikd if H *seD AD m+rdK@wiG f jyKvkycf ahJ om taxGaxGnv D mcHwiG f wifjyrnfh Credentials 0g&Sifwef'DpDwGif jynfe,ftzGJ@ESifh xkwfjyef
Ed k i f i H w umtvk y f o rm;rsm; aqG ; aEG ; yG J o k d @ Challenge udk ulnDay;&efawmif;qdkcJhonf? cJah om Credentials Challenge ta=umif;
jref r mEd k i f i H tvk y f o rm; or*~ t zG J @ csKyf . ZGefvtwGif;rSmyif tar&duefEdkifiH&Sd ESifhywfoufonfh aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyfonf? Zlvikd f
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH jrefrmta&;v_yf&Sm;olrsm;tzGJ@(US Camp 29 &ufae@wGif National Democratic
trsKd ; om;aumif p D . uk d , f p m;vS , f t jzpf aign for Burma)ESihf awG@qo kH nf? xd@k aemuf Institute ( NDI)ES i f h ‚if ; wd k @ ¶H k ; wG i f
NCUB taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; OD;armifarmifrS jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJ@. tzGJ@ Credentials Challenge ESiyhf wfoufaom
wufa&mufcJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiH qdkif&m ILO 0ifrsm;jzpfaom a'gufwmpdef0if;/ OD;bdkvSwifh/ aqG;aEG;yGJudkjyKvkyfonf? xdk@aemuf Zlvdkifv
¶Hk;. jrefrmEdkifiHESifh ywfoufaomvkyfief; OD;pdk;ydkifwdk@ESifh jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH n$ef@aygif; 29&uf naeydik ;f wGiyf if AFL-CIO . OuUX
aqmifwmrsm;/ a'owGi;f tajctaersm; wifjy tpdk;&(NCGUB)¶Hk;csKyfwGif Cre dentials *|efqleD (John Sweeny)ESifhawG@qHkum
csufudk aqG;aEG;cJhonf? xdk@aemuf jrefrm Challenge ESifh ywfoufI wifjy aqG;aEG; Credentials Challenge ESiyhf wfoufaom
Ed k i f i H w G i f tvk y f o rm; tcG i f h t a&;ES i f h NCGUB rS jyifqifxm;&ef vdktyfonfh tcsuf t}uHOm%frsm; &,lco hJ nf? ‚if;rSaeI b&uftkd
ywfoufaom todynm wdk;yGm;vmapa&;/ rsm;udk aqG;aEG;onf? bm;rm; ( Barrack Obama) tm; orw
vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm; us,fus,f jyef@jyef@ ZGev f 26&uf yDeefq&mawmf/ OD;yDwm avmif;tjzpf tqdkwifoGif;rnfh National
taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&GufEdkif ap&ef vif;yif/ OD;xGef;atmifausmf/ OD;udkudkav;/ OD;rdk; Democratic Congerss odk@wufa&muf
qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfcJhonf? jrefrmEdkifiH. csrf;/ OD;ausmfxGËf ESifhawG@qHkI Credentials &ef jynfaxmifp kjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om; aumif
tvkyo f rm;a&;&m tajctaersm;udk jyefvnf Challenge ta=umif;aqG;aEG;onf? q&m pD. taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf OD;armif
ppf a q;I Ed k 0 if b mvwG i f jyKvk y f r nf h awmf. Credentials Challenge ESiyhf wfouf armiftm; zdwf=um;cJhygonf?
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

etzukd tpkd;&udk,fpm;vS,fae&mrS y,fzsuf&ef NCUB rSEdkifiHwumESifh yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifae

Zlvikd v
f 13&uf yDeefq&mawmfEiS hf awG@qakH qG;aEG;um Zlvikd v f 14&ufae@wiG f etzppftpd;k &tm; ukvor*~v+kH cHKa&; aumifpw D iG f jrefrmEdik if . H
w&m;0if u d k , f p m;vS , f t jzpf r S y,f z suf a y;&ef t wG u f vmrnf h uk v or*~ t axG a xG n D v mcH } uD ; wG i f tqd k w if o G i f ; rnf h a =umif ;
a=unmcsufxkwfjyefcJhonf? jrefrmjynfwGif ppftkyfcsKyfa&;pepfa=umifh jynfolrsm; twd'kuQa&mufae&a=umif;/ wdkif;&if;om; vlenf;pkrsm; tay:wGif
vl@tcGit hf a&; csK;d azmufrr_ sm;&Sad ea=umif;/ jrefrmjynfwiG f jynforl sm;onf t=urf;rzufaomenf;rsm;jzifh qENjycJrh r_ sm;tay:wGif &ufpufpmG ESrd Ef iS ;f cJrh r_ sm;/
1990jynfha&G;aumufyGJonf e0w/ etz ppftpdk;&onf jrefrmEdkifiH. w&m;0iftpdk;&tjzpfrS jrefrm jynfolrsm; taejzifh vufrcHojzifh etzudk
EdkifiHwumrS w&m;0if tod trSwfjyKaejcif;udk ukvor*~rS y,fzsufay;&ef awmif;qdkcsufudk xkwfjyef &a=umif; yg&Sdonf?
Zlvdkifv14&ufae@wGif jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om; aumifpDonf jrefrmEdkifiHtm; vuf&SdtkyfcsKyfaeaom etz ppftm%m&Sif tpkd;&udk
jrefrmEdkifiHudk,fpm;jyK wufa&mufaejcif;rS y,fzsufay;&ef ukv or*~vHk+cHKa&;aumifpDwGif tqdkwifoGif;cJhonf?
‚if;tqdjk yKcsuEf iS yhf wfoufI taumif txnfazmf aqmif&u G af om c&D;pOfukd jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if H trsK;d om; aumifp.
D taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL;csKyf
OD;armifarmifonf ZGefv 1 &uf ae@rS pwifxGufcGmcJhonf? xkdc&D;pOfrsm;wGif EdkifiHwum&Sd EdkifiHa&; todkif; t0dkif;rsm;/ vl@tcGifhta&; v_yf&Sm;aeaom
tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ EdkifiHwumrS Oya' ynm&Sifrsm; ESifhawG@qHkum a=unmcsufyg udpP&yfrsm; tm; oufao taxmuftxm;rsm;ESifhwuG
&Sif;vif;wifjyaqG;aEG;r_rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/ 5
 ppftpk;d tm; pm&if;y,fa&; aMunmcsuf jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkid if t
H rsKd ;om;aumifprD S
urÇmtESYH jzefaY 0
etzppftpdk;&tm; ukor*~ vHkjcHKa&;aumifpDwGif ukvor*~okd@ jrefrmEdkifiHukd udk,fpm;jyKonfh
udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wufa&mufaejcif;rS y,fzsufay;&ef jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;aumifpDu
vmrnf h vH k j cH K a&;aumif p D tpnf ; ta0;wG i f awmif ; qd k r nf h t a=umif ; a=unmcsuf xk w f j yef c J h y gonf /
xk d a =unmcsuf u k d Zl v k d i f 14 &uf a e@wG i f t*F v d y f jref r m2 bmomjzif h xk w f a 0cJ h + yD ; / Zl v d k i f 24
&uf a e@wG i f w&k y f / jyif o pf / *smref oH k ; bmomjzif h quf v uf x k w f a 0cJ h + yD ; urB m od a =unmcJ h y gonf ?

bmom 5 rsd K ;jzif h xk w f a 0cJ h a om jynf a xmif p k j ref r mEk d i f i H t rsd K ;om;aumif p D .
ppf t pk d ; &uk d pm&if ; y,f a &; a=unmcsuf r sm;?

6 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/

 123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrS jrefrmppftpkd;&.
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
aiG0ifaygufrsm;ukd ypfrSwfxm;ta&;,l
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890
tar&d u ef j ynf a xmif p k . b¾ma&;0ef } uD ; XmerS a eI jref r mjynf o l r sm;tm; zd E S d y f r _ r sm;jyKvk y f a eaom ppf
ppftpdk;&ydkif vkyfief;rsm;udk aemufxyfwdk;jrSifh ta&;,l r_rsm; jyKvkyf&ef tpd k ; &twG u f 0if a iG & ayguf & vrf ; rsm; yd w f q d k @ &ef ypf r S w f x m;
qHk;jzwfcJhonf? jrefrmppftpdk;&rS EdkifiHa&; jyKjyifajymif;vJr_rsm; vkyfaqmifcJhjcif;jzpfonf?
jyKvky&f efysuuf u
G af ejcif;/ vl@tcGit
hf a&; csK;d azmufr_ &Sad ejcif;wk@d a=umifh EdkifiHwumwGif jrefrmppftpdk;&tay: ta&;,l'%f cwfr_
ta&;,lydwfqdk@ '%fcwfr_rsm;udk wdk;jrSifhvkyfaqmifrnfhtcsufrsm;wGif vk y f a eaomEk d i f i H r sm;wG i f tjyif ; xef q H k ; jzpf o nf h tar
Zlvdkifv 29&ufae@u tar&duefjynfaxmifpkonf jrefrmppftpdk;&ydkif &duefjynfaxmifpkonf jrefrmEdkifiHrS ausmufrsuf&wem rsm; tm;
vkyfief; rsm;tm; ydwfqdk@ta&;,lrnfh trnfpm&if;rsm; xyfrH wifoGif; tar&d u ef E d k i f i H o d k @ wif y d k @ jcif ; ud k wd k ; jrS i f h y d w f y if o nf h Oya'
vdkufonf? ppftpdk;&rS xdef;csKyfxm;aom jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;OD;ydkif rl = urf ; wpf & yf t m; orR w a*smh * sf b k & S f r S vuf r S w f a &;xd k ; twnf
vDrdwufESifh jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&; aumfydka&;&Sif;wdk@. vufatmufcH jyKvdkuf+yDjzpfonf?
ausmufrsu/f b%fEiS hf aqmufvyk af &;vkyif ef;rsm;udk t"du ypfrw S x
f m;
ta&;,lcJhonf?

tar&duefjynfaxmifpk. ta&;,lr_ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHtrsdK;om;aumifpDu axmufcH

,ckESpf Zlvkdifv 29 &ufae@u tar&dueforw a*smh jrefrmEkdifiH trsdK; om;aumifpDu 'Drkdua&pDtoGiful;ajymif;r_ESifh
'bvsLbk & S f u jref r mppf t pk d ; &ES i f h ywf o uf o nf h pD ; yG m ;a&; 'Drkdua&pD acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh awG@qkHaqG;aEG;vm&ef zdtm;ay;onfh
vk y f i ef ; rsm;uk d yd w f y if w m;jrpf o nf h Oya'uk d vuf r S w f a &;xk d ; enf ; vrf ; wpf c k t jzpf jref r mppf t pk d ; &tay: jyif ; xef o nf h ta&;
twnfjyKay;aemuf/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkdifiH trsdK;om; aumifpDu ,l r _ t m;vk H ; uk d axmuf c H a =umif ; ES i f h xk d o k d @ ta&;,l r _ r sm;onf
tar&d u ef j ynf a xmif p k . aqmif & G u f c suf t ay: axmuf c H a om t=urf;rzufenf;jzifh jrefrmEkdifiHukd 'Drkdua&pD EkdifiH wpfckjzpfvm&ef
a=unmcsufwpfapmifukd Zlvkdifv 30 &ufae@u xkwfjyefa=unm }ud K ;yrf ; tm;xk w f & mwG i f r&S d r jzpf t a&;ygonf h Ek d i f i H w um.
vkdufonf? r[mAsL[majrmufvkyfief;wpfck jzpfa=umif;vnf; az: jyxm;ygonf?

pD;yGm;a&;ydwfqdk@eJ@ EdkifiHa&;tajctae rajymif;vJEdkifbl;?

“pD ; yG m ;a&;yd w f q k d @ r_ o nf 'gayr,fh Edik if aH &;ydwq f @kd ru_ ae w&m;Oya'a=umif;t& ydwq f @kd ru
_ kd
jref r mtpk d ; &ES i f h jref r mjynf o l b,f o l @ uk d xyfqifjh cif; tm;jzifh tar&dueftpd;k &ESihf jynfoal wG[m jrefrmjynfukd
yd k r d k xd c k d u f r _ & S d o vJ ” [l a om ar;cG e f ; ud k jynf a xmif p k 'D r d k u a&pD vrf ; a=umif ; ay: wG e f ; wif a y;oG m ;Ed k i f v d r f h r ,f v d k @
jref r mEd k i f i H t rsKd ; om;aumif p D . twG i f ; a&;rS L ;rsm;ud k ar#mfvifhygw,f? 'ga=umifh trsKd;om;aumifpDtaejzifhuawmh
'D(Jade Act)vdkyJ wjcm; ydwfyifwm;qD;r_awG jrefrmEdkifiHudk
Zl v k d i f v 30 &uf a e@u xk w f v $ i f h c J h a om 'D r k d u &uf w pf Oya'a=umif;t& vkyEf ikd v f rd rhf ,fv@kd ar#mv f ifyh gw,f?
jref r mh t oH r S quf o G , f a r;jref ; csuf r sm;tm; pD;yGm;a&;ydwq f @kd r[_ m etzudak wmh xdcu kd rf &_ rdS ,f? vlxu k kd
jyef v nf xk w f E k w f a z: jyygonf xdcu kd rf a_ wmh aemufxyf r&SEd ikd af wmhb;l ? vlxyk ikd f ausmufprd ;f wGi;f /
trsd K ;om;'D r k d u a&pD wyf a ygif ; pk taxG a xG t wG i f ; a&;rS L ; vlxyk ikd f opfawm/ a'ocHvx l yk ikd f oH,Zmwudk r&Syd gb;l ? 'ga=umifh
OD;cGefOuUmrS jyefvnfajz=um;csuf - 'DO ya'xk w j
f y ef c su [
f m vl x u
k kd vH;k 0xdcu kd v f rd rhf ,fv@kd usaemfuawmh
“etz qufvuftm%mwnf+rJz@kd twGuyf J jzpfaew,f? rjrif y gb ;
l vd @
k us a emf u awmh wif jycsi y
f gw ,f ?
ausmufrsuaf wG/ a&eHawG/ u|e;f opfawGukd xkwaf &mif;aewmjzpfw,f?
'ga=umif h o m etz&J @ b¾ma&;u jynf a xmif p k t rsd K ;om;aumif p D twG i f ; a&;rS K L;tzG J @ 0if
cdik rf mawmifw h if;vmaewmjzpfw,f? 'gawGukd tar&duef wdik ;f jynfu OD;jrifhod%f;rS jyefvnfajz=um;csuf -
ukr% ` aD wGu 0,f,&l ef &yfqikd ;f zd@k ydwq f @kd r_ wpf&yfukd tar&dueforRw “vlxktwGuf xyfxdcdkufp&mta=umif;r&Sdawmhbl;vdk@
a*smh & S f b k & S f ud k , f w d k i f vuf r S w f xd k ; +yD ; Zl v d k i f 29 &uf a e@u jrif y gw,f ? jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJh vlxktwGuf aiGa=u;azmif;yGr_E_ef;
xkwv f u
kd jf cif;[m ppftpd;k &. pD;yGm;a&;udk xdcu kd of mG ;apr,fh vky&f yfv@kd tjrif h q H k ; tajctaeud k a&muf a e+yD j zpf w ,f ? aemuf w pf c suf
usaemfw@kd jrifw,f? ta&;}u;D wJh Oya'jzpfw,f? ppftpd;k & vkyv f yk af ewJh pD;yGm;a&;eJ@ywfouf+yD; vlxkwpf&yfvHk;u tqdk;qHk;tajctaeudk
ausmufrsufjyyGJu ausmufrsufawG taemufEdkifiHrsm;udk ydk@aewJh cHpm;ae=u&w,f? 'Dae@taeESifh tar&dueftpdk;&rS csrSwfvdkufwJh
aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;udk ysuo f mG ;Edik rf ,f? wpfcsed w f nf;rSm etztaejzifh twnfjyKay;vdu k w f hJ ausmufrsuOf ya'[m vlxjk refrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;
Edik if aH &;t&aum pD;yGm;a&;t&yg axmufcrH _ tm;enf;+y;D ydwq f @kd ra_ wG aumif p u
D 'D ru
d k a&pD toGiu f ;l ajymif;r_EiS hf 'Dru dk a&pDacgi;f aqmifrsm;ESihf
jzpf v mw,f q d k w m ouf a ojywm jzpf y gw,f ? usaemf w d k @ awG @ q a
H k qG;aEG ;vm&ef zd t m;ay;onf h enf ;vrf ;wpfct k jzpf jrefrmppf
jynf a xmif p k j ref r mEd k i f i H trsKd ; om;aumif p D t aeeJ @ tpk;d &tay: jyif;xefonfh ta&; ,lrt _ m;vk;H ukd axmufcaH =umif;ESihf
tar&dueftpd;k &taejzifh ydwq f @kd vu kd w f hJ (Jade Act ) vd@k ac:wJh xk o
d @
d k ta&;,l r r
_ sm ;onf t= u rf ;rzuf enf;jzifh jrefrmEkid if u H dk 'Drudk a&pD
pD;yGm;a&;ydwq _ m Edik if aH &;ta&aum pD;yGma&; t&yg ta&;ygwhJ Ekid if H wpfcjk zpfvm&ef }udK;yrf;tm;xkw&f mwGif r&Srd jzpfta&;ygonfh
f @kd r[
vky&f yfjzpfw,f? wpf z uf o k d @
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/ 7
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
etzppf t pd k ; &tm; uk v or*~ v H k + cH K a&;aumif p D r S jref r mEd k i f i H u d k , f p m;jyKr_ y,f z suf a y;&ef
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
vmrnf h uk v or*~ t axG a xG n D v mcH } uD ; Y wif o G i f ; rnf h t qk d E S i f h y wf o uf I jynf a xmif p k
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
jref r mEk d i f i H t rsKd ; om;nG e f @ aygif ; tpd k ; &rS axmuf c H a =umif ; a=unmcsuf x k w f j yef
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
EkdifiHw um. r[mAsL[majrmufvkyfief;wpfck jzpfa=umif;vnf; vufeuf0,fw,f? ppftiftm;udk cdik rf mawmifw h if;atmif wd;k cs@J
az: jyxm; ygonf? xdcu kd rf E_ e_ ;f tifrwefenf;yg;r,fv@kd jrifygw,f? wnfaqmufaew,f? tJ'h u D aewqifh vlx&k @J p;D yGm;a&; ,E , W m;udk
tpd;k &udk xdcu kd rf E_ e_ ;f ydrk rkd sm;ygr,f? 'Dvykd J usaemfw@kd jrifygw,f? ydrk kd zdEydS w
f ,f? 'ga=umifh vlxu k kd xdcu
kd v
f rd rhf ,fv@kd usaemf rjrifwm
jrefrmEdik if &H @J pD;yGm;a&;tajctae[m tqd;k qH;k tajctae jzpfw,f? ppftyk pf t k wGuf awmh vufeufEikd if w H nfaqmufrt _ wGuf
jzpf ygw,f? bma=umifv h q J akd wmh ppftyk pf [
k m jrefrmEdik if rH mS pD;yGma&; vdt k yfwhJ t&if;tjrpfawGukd ydwyf ifwm; qD;jcif;omjzpfygw,f? olw@kd
wdk;wufatmif aZmif;ay;vkyfaqmifr_udk rawG@&bl;? tckvdkyJ udyk J xdcu kd rf mS jzpfw,f? 'ga=umifh usaemfw@kd axmufc}H udKqdw k ,fv@kd
EdkifiH&J@oH,Zmw ypPnf;awG &&SdwJhtusdK;tjrwfawGudk olwdk@&J@ ajymvdyk gw,f?

8 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/

 123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
Liberal International . taxGtaxG trsdL;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf(vGwfajrmufe,fajr).
123456789012345678901234567890121
123456789012345678901234567890121
twGif;a&;rSL; rpPwmtD;rDvf (Mr. Emil) ESifh 123456789012345678901234567890121
ta&;ay:A[kdaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;usif;y
NLD-LArSrS acgif ; aqmif r sm; awG @ qH k xk d i f ; -jref r me,f p yf / 30 Zl v k d i f ?
xk d i f ; -jref r me,f p yf / 30 Zl v k d i f ? trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzJG@csKyf (vGwfajrmuf e,fajr). ta&;
Liberal International . taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; rpPwm ay:A[dkaumfrwD tpnf;ta0;wpf&yfukd Zlvkdifv(29-30)&uf ae@rsm;
tD;rDvf ( Mr. Emil) onf jrefrmEdik if . H vuf&EdS ikd if aH &; tajctaersm;ESihf wGif atmifjrifpmG usi;f yjyD;pD;cJah =umif; owif;& &Scd yhJ gonf? A[dak umfrwD
ywfoufI aqG;aEG;&eftwGuf Zlvdkifv(29)&ufae@wGif xdkif;-jrefrm tpnf;ta0;wGif xkid ;f jrefrm e,fpyfa'o&Sd A[dXk mecsKyf e,fajrwGi&f adS e
e,fpyfodk@ vma&mufI trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) =uonfh A[kdtvkyf tr_aqmif aumfrwD0ifrsm;/ A[kdaumfrwD0ifrsm;/
trsdK;om; 'Drkdua&pD tzJG@csKyf jynfol@v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm;/
vli,f acgif;aqmifrsm;/ trsdK;orD; acgif;aqmifrsm;/ avhvmolrsm; pkpk
aygif; (20) OD;cef@ wufa&mufcJhonf[k od&onf?

rpP w mtD ; rD v f ES i f h trsd K ;om;'D r k d u a&pD t zG J @ csKyf

acgif ; aqmif r sm; awG @ qk H = upOf /
trsd K ;om;'D r k d u a&pD t zG J @ csKyf ( vG w f a jrmuf e ,f a jr).
NLD-LA rS acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh awG@qHkonf? Mr. Emil rSaeI Liberal ta&;ay:A[k d a umf r wD t pnf ; ta0;usif ; yaepOf ?
International tzG J @ tpnf ; }uD ; . Ed k i f i H a &;&nf r S e f ; csuf r sm;/
vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;/ ,Hk=unfcsufrsm;/ tajccH vl@tcGifhta&;ESifhywfoufI ta&;ay:A[d k a umf r wD t pnf ; ta0;/ obmywd jzpf o l
wefzdk;xm;r_rsm;udk NLD-LArS acgif;aqmif rsm; &Sif;vif;odem;vnfap&ef tzJG@csKyf(vGwfajrmufe,fajr)OuUX OD;wifatmifrS tzGifhtrSmpum;
ajymqdk&Sif;jyonf? ajym=um;&mwGif “,ae@umv jzpfwnfaeonfh ekdifiHa&;onf rdrdwkd@
jrefrmEdkifiHwGif jzpfay:cJhaom vlxkqENaz:xkwfyGJrsm;udk etz ygwDtwGuf vGefpGmta&;=uD;onfh umvjzpfa=umif; ,ae@ tcsdef
ppftm%m&Sirf S t=urf;zufacsre_ ;f cJrh r_ sm;/ ppftpd;k &a&;qGcJ ahJ om Road Map tcgwGifrdrdwkd@tzJG@csKyf (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) ESifh ygwD0if xktaejzifh
7csufESifh ywfoufaom tpDtpOfrsm;/ ppftpdk;&rS jyKvkyfcJhaom vlxk qENcH t"dutusqkH;jzpf onfh ygwDudkcdkifrm uspfvpfatmif wnf aqmufa&;
,lyGJrsm;onf jynfolrsm;. tppftrSefqENrsm; r[kwfa=umif;wdk@udk &Sif;jy ESihf rdrw
d @dk . wckwnf;aom jynfaxmifpk jrefrmekid if H trsKd ; om; aumifpD
onf? xd@k aemuf ppftyk cf sKyfa&;pepftm; tjrpfjywfacsre_ ;f &eftwGuf NLD- qkdonfh wyfaygif;pk=uD;udk ydkrkdawmifhwif; cdkifrmatmif =udK; yrf;
LA rS xm;&S d a om rl 0 g'rsm;/ a&S @ quf v k y f i ef ; pOf r sm;/ jynf w G i f ; vkyfaqmifoGm;=u&ef txl;vkdtyf a=umif;/ rdrdwkd@tm;vkH;rS ekdifiHa&;
trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf (NLD) ESifhywfoufaom rl0g'rsm;udk aqG; owd&SdpGm jzifhwufpkH &GufukefavSmfcwfoGm;=u&ef txl;ta&;}uD;yg
aEG;onf? a=umif;” tzGifhtrSmpum; ajym=um;cJhonf?
Liberal International tzGJ@}uD;rSaeI NLD-LA. vkyfief; xd k @ jyif A[d k a umf r wD t pnf ; ta0;=uD ; wG i f tzJ G @ csKyf
pOfrsm; taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&mwGif vufwGJyl;aygif;Edkifaom (vGwfajrmufe,fajr) twGif;a&;rSL; OD;jrifhpdk;wifoGif;onfh ekdifiHa&;
tcsufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;=uonf? jrefrmjynfwGif ppftm%m&Sifpepf usqHk;I okH;oyfcsufpmwrf;udk a0zefokH;oyf/ t=uHjyKcsufrsm;jzifh twnf
'Drdkua&pDtkyfcsKyfa&;pepf ay:aygufvm&ef ulnDaqmif&Gufr_rsm; jyKvkyf rnfh jyKcJh=ujyD;aemuf/ vuf&SdekdifiHa&; tajctaeESifhudkufnDjyD;/ ygwD OuUX
vrf;n$ecf surf sm;udk vufawG@taumiftxnf az:aqmifeidk &f ef twGu/f
ta=umif; ajym=um;onf?
ygwD w nf a qmuf a &;/ wyf a ygif ; pk } uD ; uk d rS e f u ef w nf h r wf p G m
Liberal International tzGJ@}uD;tm; urBmtESH@&Sd 'Drdkua&pDESifh
0ef;&HoGm;ekdifa&;/ rdrdwkd@. ekdifiHwumXmecJGrsm;ESifh uspfvpfckdifrmonfh
tajccHv@l tcGiahf &;udk ,H=k unfouf0ifaom Edik if aH &; tzG@J tpnf;rsm;ESihf 1947 pnf;&kH;r_ wnfaqmufa&;qkdif&m tvkyf&kHaqG;aEG;yJGrsm;udk ,cktywf
ckESpfwGif pwifzGJ@pnf;cJhonf? ,ckvuf&SdtcsdefwGif t*FvefEdkifiHY LI. Xme twGif; pwifjyKvkyfjyD; vuf&SdtajctaeESifh udkufnDonfh ekdifiHa&;
csKyf¶Hk;udk xm;&Sdonf? 2008ckESpf arv16&ufrS 18&ufae@txd Liberal vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk vufawG@taumiftxnfaz:aqmifoGm;&ef vwfw
International . 55 }udrfajrmuf nDvmcHtm; tdkif,mvef EdkifiHwGif avm vkyfief;pOfrsm; csrSwfcJhod&onf?
usi;f ycJoh nf? Edik if w
H umqdik &f m vl@tcGithf a&;/ vGwv f yfI w&m;r# waom A[dak umfrwDtpnf;ta0;=uD;wGif rdciftzJ@G csKyf=uD;udk t"du
a&G;aumufyGJrsm;/ ygwDpkH'Drdkua&pDpepf/ vGwfvyfaom pD;yGm; ul;oef; 0ef;&Ha&;ESifh tjynfht0 taxmuftuljyKa&;wkd@udk tav;teuf
a&mif;0,fr_/ tpGef;a&mufEdkifiHwum tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;udpPwdk@udk aqG;aEG; oH"<dXmefjyKcJha=umif;ukdvnf; owif;&&Sdygonf?
wdkifyifum qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfcJhonf?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/ 9
 zGJYpnf;ykH tajccH Oya' w&m;r0if
vrf;jyajrykH pGefY
a&G;aumufcH jynfol@v$wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u
ukvor*~taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfESifh a&G;aumufcHjynfol@v$wfawmf
vkHjcHKa&;aumifpD0ift+rJwrf; tzGJ@0ifEkdifiHrsm;okd@
ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;. tdwfzGifhay;pm
jynfol@v$wfawmftrwfrsm;tzGJ@((MPU)u )u
tdwfzGifhay;pmykd@
&ef u k e f / 21 Zl v k d i f ?
csuf c sif ; axmuf c H
xk d i f ; -jref r me,f p yf /24 Zl v k d i f ?
trsdK;om;jyefvnfoifhjrwfa&;ESifh 'Drkdua&pD azmf a&G;aumufcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;. ukvor*~taxG
aqmifa&;twGuf jrefrmEkdifiHY&Sdaom ukvor*~. tcef; axGtwGi;f a&;rSL;csKyfEiS hf ukvor*~ vkjH cHKa&;aumifpD t_rJwrf;
u¿ESihf ywfoufI a&G;aumufcjH ynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk, d pf m; tzGJ@0ifEkdifiHrsm;okd@ ay;ykd@aom tdwfzGifhay;pmay;_yD; (3)&uf
vS,rf sm;u ukvor*~ vkjH cHKa&;aumifpD t_rJwrf;tzG@J Eidk if rH sm; twGi;f jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;tzG@J (jrefrmEkid if )H
okd@ ,ck Zlvkdifv 21 &ufae@u tdwfzGifhay;pm wpfapmif tvkyt f r+aqmifaumfrwDrS 2008 ckEpS f Zlvidk f 28 &ufpjJG zifh
ay;ykd@cJhygonf? xkdtdwfzGifhay;pmygtcsufrsm;ukd axmufcHa-umif; a-unm
xk d t d w f z G i f h a y;pmwG i f rd w W L uk d tar&d u ef csuf wpfapmif xkwfjyefvkdufonf?
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0ef}uD; a'gufwmuGef'kdvDZm±kdufpf/ ukvor* xkda-unmcsuf. acgif;pD;udk “jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;rS
~ v uf a xmuf t wG i f ; a&;rS L ;csKyf rpP w mvif ; ygh p uk d ; / jynfo@l vw $ af wmfu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;. ukvor*~o@dk tdwzf iG hf
twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyf. jrefrmha&;&m txl;t}uHay;yk*Kd~ vf rpPwm ay;pmtay: axmufcHa-umif; a-unmcsuf” [k a&;om;
tD A &m[if * rf b m&D / trsd K ;om;'D r k d u a&pD t zG J @ csKyf xm;ygonf?
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; a':atmifqef;pk-unf/ tar&duef
orwuawmf rpPpfavmf&mbk&Sfwkd@xH ay;ykd@a-umif;yg&Sdonf?
pm.aemufq;Hk wGi“f av;pm;pGmjzif/h jynfo@l vw $ af wmf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;. tdwfzGifhay;pm
ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf ” [kaz: jy oHCmtzGJ@/ ausmif;om;or*~ ESifh
xm;_yD;/ qufo, G &f ef yk*Kd~ vfrsm; tjzpf ylusi&hf iS ;f xef jynfo@l 88rsdK;qufausmif;om;wkd@uvnf; axmufcH
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,/f wD;wde=f 2 rJqENe,f/ csi;f jynf/ OuUX
Zkrd ;D trsKd ;om;uGe*f &uf/ tzG@J 0if jynfo@l vw G af wmf uk, d pf m;jyK &effukef / 31 Zlvkdif ?
aumfrwD/ tzG@J 0if nDnw G af om wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsKd ;rsm; r[m a&G;aumufcHukd,fpm;vS,frsm;. ukvor*~taxG
rdwt f zG@J ? OD;ode;f az jynfo@l vw $ af wmf uk, d pf m;vS,/f uef@b axGtwGi;f a&;rSL;csKyfEiS hf ukvor*~ vkjH cHKa&;aumifpD t_rJwrf;
vl_rdK@e,f(1)rJqENe,f ppfuidk ;f wkid ;f / woD;yk*v ~ / tzG@J 0if jynfo@l tzGJ@0ifEkdifiHrsm;okd@ ay;ykd@aom tdwfzGifhay;pmukd axmufcH
v$wfawmfukd,fpm;jyKaumfrwD? a'gufwmjrifhEkdif jynfol@ a-umif; jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m oHCmhwyf aygif;pktzGJ@}uD;/
88 rsdK;qufausmif;om;rsm;tzGJ@ ESifh ArmEkdifiHvHk;qkdif&m
v$waf wmfu, dk pf m;vS,/f uef@bvl_rdK@e,f(2)rJqENe,f ppfuidk ;f
ausmif ; om;or*~ r sm;tzG J @ csKyf w k d @ rS yl ; wG J a -unmcsuf
wkid ;f trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pD tzG@J csKyf? OD;nDyk jynfo@l v$waf wmf xkwfjyefvkdufygonf?
uk d , f p m;vS , f / *G _ rd K @e,f rJ q EN e ,f / &ck d i f j ynf t rsd K ;om; xkad -unmcsuw f iG f oHCmhtzG@J u, dk pf m; OD;-obmo
'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf? a'gufwmwifrif;xGËf jynfol@v$wfawmf ES i f h OD ; ynm0H o / 88 rsd K ;quf a usmif ; om;rsm;uk d , f p m;
ukd,fpm;vS,f/ yef;waemf_rdK@e,f(1) rJqENe,f/ {&m0wDwkdif; xGe;f jrifah tmif ESihf eDvmode;f / ArmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m ausmif;om;
trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDtzGJ@csKyf [k twdtvif; az: jyxm; or*~rsm;tzGJ@csKyf ukd,fpm; rsdK;awZESifh cifrsdK;quf[lI
onfukdawG@&Sd&ygonf? az: jyxm;a-umif; awG@&Sd&ygonf?

(a-unmcsufukd pmrsufESm= 11 wGif rl&if;twkdif; zwf¶+

Ekdifygonf?)

10 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/ 11
 oG m ;ygw,f ? uk v or*~ taxG a xG
twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf. ajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdol
trsKd ; orD ; Michele Montas
uvnf ; Zl v d k i f 22&uf a e@u jyKvk y f
123456789012345678901 rwf } uD ; Zalmay Khalizad u cJ h a om owif ; pm &S i f ; vif ; yJ G w G i f
123456789012345678901
123456789012345678901
trwf r sm;\ td w f z G i f h a y;pm zJ G @ pnf ; yH k twnf j yKwJ h vk y f i ef ; pOf r S m 1990jynfh a&G; aumufyJGtEdkif& jrefrm
123456789012345678901
123456789012345678901
uk v or*¾ E S i f h tar&d u ef j ynf a xmif p k csK@d ,iG ;f csu/f tm;enf; csuaf wG&adS =umif; v$wfawmf udk,fpm;vS,fawG ay;ydk@wJh
123456789012345678901
123456789012345678901 Zl v d k i f 22&uf t*F gae@u jznf h p G u f pmeJ@ ywfouf+yD; ukvor*~ twGif;
123456789012345678901
rqk d i f ; rwG ta&;w,l ajymMum; ajym=um; vk d u f + yD ; /tar&d u ef
123456789012345678901 a&;rS L ;csKyf taeeJ @ vuf c H & &S d w J h
Zlvkdif 23 ? jynf a xmif p k t aeeJ @ Ek d i f i H a &; ta=umif ; eJ @ jref r mh 'D r d k u a&pD
jref r mppf t pd k ; &&J h em*pf jyKjyif a jymif ; vJ a &;vk y f b k d @ qk d w m jyKjyifajymif;vJa&; jzpfpOf rSm ,Hk=unf
qkdifuvkef; rkefwkdif;'%fcH&+yD;aemuf ta&;}uD ; wJ h vk y f i ef ; pOf w pf & yf v d k @ r_ & S d + yD ; ouf q d k i f o l tm;vH k ; yg0if w J h
t"rRtwnfjyKcJhaom zJG@pnf; yHktajc owf r S w f x m;wJ h t wG u f jref r mEd k i f i H awG @ qH k a qG ; aEG ; yJ G j yKvk y f z d k @ uk v or*~
cHopfudk ukvor*~taeeJ@ vufrcHzdk@ qd k i f & m uk v or*~ txl ; ud k , f p m; taeeJ@ jywfjywfom;om; wdkufwGef;
jrefrm v$waf wmf trwfrsm;. tdwzf iG hf vS , f u d k tjref q H k ; apv$ w f E d k i f zd k @ xm;yga=umif; tdwfzGifh ay;pm ay;ykd@+yD;
ay;pmES i f h ywf o uf I tar&d u e ukvor*~ twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfudk tpOf r=umcif t csd e f t wG i f ; rS m yif wk H @ jyef
fjynfaxmifpk ukvor*~qdkif&m oHt wpdkuf wdkufwGef;aecJha=umif; ajym=um; ajym=um;vkdufygw,f?
12 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/
 G;cef; wkid ;f a&;jynfa&; a&mufwwf&m&m
qG;aE
a
Vote NO NyD;aemufykdif; . . . trwf (5) OD; aMunmcsufxGuf
(ukdzkd;'D/ ^m%fus,fav;eJ@ ropPmwkd@ ajym=uqkd=uonf?)
^m%f u s,f a v; ? ? ukzd ;dk 'Da&/ AsKd @ ukzd ;dk 'D ² ² ² vm;&Sif?
uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? &Sdygw,fuG/ atmfvkdufwm? uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? 'Dtpk;d &u olw@dk vnf; ukvor*~e@J
bmrsm;jzpfvmvkd@vJ? wGJvkyfaeygw,fqkd+yD;/ tck[mu
ropP m ? ? [J/h ^m%fus,?f ukzd ;dk 'D&v dS m;? vnf; ukvor*~ukd vdrrf +l yD; yk@d wphJ myJ? tJ'grmS zrf;&ifvnf;
uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? txJrmS &Syd gw,fAs? xkid jf zifh xkid =f u ±kyyf suw f mayguh mG ? 'gayr,fh ppftm%m&Siq f wdk muawmh bm
ygO;D ? bmawGrsm; xl;vm=uvk@d v?J pnf;rS&w dS mr[kwb f ;l / zrf;csif zrf;rSmyJ? xkww f o hJ al wGuvnf;
ropP m ? ? ukzd ;dk 'D tdrx f aJ e+yD;/ bmrSr=um; wkdif;jynfrsufeSm=unfh+yD; zrf;vnf; zrf;qkd+yD;/ xkwf&wm
ao;bl;vm;? a[m'DrSm zwf=unfh aerSmyJav?
OD;av? ^m%f u s,f a v; ? ? usaemf 'DtrwfawGvkyfwmtm;&
^m%f u s,f a v; ? ? [if/ usaemfvnf;tJ'Dta=umif; wmr[kwb f ;l ? tck 'gawmh rqk;d bl;
ajymrvk@d vmwm? ajym&r,fAs?
uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? zwfr=unfhawmhygbl;/ropPm&,f? ropP m ? ? rqk;d ±kH b,furvJ[/ 'gvyk o f ifvh yk f
tJ'gr[kwfbl;vm;? xk d u f w J h tvk y f u k d &J & J & if h & if h
ropP m ? ? &Siu f b,fv&dk wmvJ/ 'guukvo vkyfvkdufwmyJ/ r[kwfbl;vm; ukdzkd;'D?
r*~taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;csKyfe@J AD uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? at;aygu h mG / olw@dk vyk af eukid af ewm
wkd (5)Ekid if u
H ydk J yk@d whJ tdyzf iG ahf y;pm? wcsKd@ukd rif;wkd@ igwkd@ tm;rvkd tm;
^m%f u s,f a v; ? ? ruygb;l As/ rdwLW ukd a'guw f muGe'f dk r& jzpf=uw,fqw dk mvnf; [kwyf gw,f? 'gayr,fh 'Dru dk a&pD
vDZm&kdufpf&,f/ avm&mbk&Sf&,f/ wpfjym;om;rSr&Sw d phJ pftm%m&Siaf tmufrmS tvkyv f yk &f awmh
*efbm&D&,f/ a':atmifqef;pk=unf&,f/ aemufwpfa,mufu vk y f & uk d i f & cuf c J w maygh u G m / bmbJ j zpf j zpf tajctae
emrnf ac:&cufcufAsm [kd vufaxmuf ukvtaxGaxG wpf&yfrSm olwkd@ vkyfoifhwmwpfckvkyf igwkd@ wpfckaxmufcH
twGif;a&;rSL;csKyfwJh? tJ'D (5)a,mufyJrdwWLykd@wm ukdzkd;'Du ±kHyJaygh?
b,fvkd &xm;wmvJ? ^m%f u s,f a v; ? ? tJ'Da=unmcsufu bmtusdK;&Sd
uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? igrh w d af qGwpfa,mufu ol &vm vmEkdifvJAs?
wmav; rdwLW qG+J yD;/ vmyk@d omG ;wm uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? igem;vnfwm ajym&&ifawmhuGm/
yg? b,fvkd&vmvJqkdwmawmh twdtusrar;eJ@avuGm? 'Da=unmcsufu [kdqENcH,lyGJ um
ropP m ? ? at;av/ eifuvnf; od&J@om;eJ@ vwkef;u Vote NO v_yf&Sm;r_vkyfcJh=uwm rif;wkd@ rSwfrd
yef;owif; avnSif;aqmif/ vlo w,fr_wfvm;?
wif;vlcsif;aqmifwJh? eifvnf;ukd,fhzmom ukd,f&atmif ropP m ? ? rSwfrdwmaygh&Sif? zGJ@pnf;ykH tajccH
vkyfygvm;? Oya'twnfjyKa&;twGuf qENcH
^m%f u s,f a v; ? ? usaemfvnf; r&ayr,fh oli,fcsi;f ,lyGJrSm uef@uGufrJay;a&;vkyfcJh=uwmav? 'gayr,fh 'Dppf
wpfa,mufqDu zwf+yD;yg+yDAs? tpkd;&uawmh odwJhtwkdif;/ enf;rsdKpkHeJ@npf+yD; tEkdif&atmif
uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? r&vnf; 'DrSmxyfzwf=unfhvkd@ vkyf/ ZGwftwnfjyKoGm;wmyJr[kwfvm;?
&ygw,f? uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? at; tJ'gajymwmayg?h olw@dk ZGwrf
ropP m ? ? usrvnf; tJ'Dta=umif; &Sifwkd@eJ@ w&m; twnfjyKcJhwJh zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukd igwkd@u vufr
ajymrvk@d vmwmyJ? rajymcif ar; av#mb h J qufqef@usib f @dk vw
dk ,f? tJ'ga=umifh tck trwf(5)
yg&apOD;&Si?f v$waf wmf trwf (5) a,mufu olw@dk emrnf a,mufxkwfvkdufwJh a=unmcsufeJ@ywfoufwJh v_yf&Sm;r_[m
awGtwdtuswyf+yD;/ tckvkdxkwfawmh csufcsif; zrf;rypfbl; ightjrifajym&&if Vote NO v_yf&Sm;r_&J@tqufyJuG?
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/ 13
^m%f u s,f a v; ? ? a=unmcsufwpfapmifeJ@u v_yf&Sm; qEN u k d uk d , f p m;rjyKwJ h 'D z G J @ pnf ; yk H tajccH O ya'uk d
r_rSr[kwfao;wm ukdzkd;'D&J@? uef@uGuf=ubkd@ajymwJh 'Da=unmcsufukd 0kdif;axmufcH=ubkd@
uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? 'Dvadk vuGm/ Vote NO +yD;wJh vkdw,fvkd@ igjrifw,f?
aemufrmS igw@dk u 'Dz@JG pnf;ykH tajccH ropP m ? ? Vote NOvkycf =hJ uwke;f uvkad ygah emf?
Oya'ukd Ekid if w H um tokid ;f t0kid ;f u vufrcHb@dk / ukvor*~u ^m%f u s,f a v; ? ? a=omf ³ ³ ³ 'ga=umifh ukzd ;dk 'Du 'D
uef@uGufay;bkd@ 0kdif;vkyf=u&rSmav? ppftpk;d &u Vote YES jzpfatmif
ropP m ? ? [kw+f yD/ usr oabmaygu+f yD? vkyfvkdufwJhzGJ@pnf;ykH tajccHOya'ukd 0kdif;uef@uGufatmif
trwf(5)a,mufxkwfwJh a=unm vkyfbkd@u Vote NO v_yf&Sm;r_&J@tqufvkd@ ajymcsifwmukd;?
csurf mS vnf; ygw,fav? ZifbmabGEidk if H 'kw, d jyefausmh a&G; uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? [kww f ,favuGm? rif;wk@d yJ pOf;pm;
aumufyGJeJ@ywfoufvkd@ ukvor*~u jyif;jyif;xefxef uef@ =unfh igwkd@ Vote NO vkyfaewJh
uGufwJh a=unmcsufxkwfcJhwJhta=umif;/ jrefrmppf tpkd;&&J@ =um;u ol w k d @ u ZG w f t wnf jyKvk d u f a yr,f h igwk d @ u
zGJ@pnf;ykHtajccHOya'ukdvnf; tJovkd 0kdif;uef@uGufbkd@ 0kdif; 'D[mukdqufqef@usifwJh v_yf&Sm;r_awG vkyfoGm;=u&OD;rSm
vkyf=u&rSmaygh? r[kwb f ;l vm;? tJ'aD wmh b,fou l pvkyf oGm;wmyJjzpfjzpf/
uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? [kww f ,f/ tck MPU qkw d hJ jynfo@l rSefuefwJh EkdifiHa&; vkdif;qkd&ifawmh igwkd@uawmh vkdufvkyf
v¸wfawmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;tzGJ@ bkd@toifhyJ?
(jref r mEk d i f i H ) u trwf ( 5)OD ; &J @ a=unmcsuf u k d axmuf c H ropP m ? ? usrvnf; ukdzkd;'Dajymwmukd
a=umif; a=unmcsuf csufcsif;vkdufxkwfw,f? vuf c H w ,f ? Vote NO vk y f c J h
^m%f u s,f a v; ? ? tJ'gu usaemfw@dk tm;vk;H eJ@qidk w f hJ wke;f uvnf; usrwwfEidk f oavmuf ygcw hJ myJ? 'Dawmh tck
ta=umif;t&m r[kwfbl;vm;As? trwf ( 5)a,muf & J @ a=unmcsuf u k d axmuf c H = ubk d @
uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? at;/ tJ'g ajymwmayg?h 'g usrwpfOD;csif;taeeJ@ wwfEkdifoavmuf vkdufajymrSmyJ?
'D r k d u a&pD t if t m;pk tm;vk H ; uk d z k d ; 'D ? ? ajymAsm/ ajym? aumif;yg/h aumif;yg?h
eJ@qidk w f ,f/ jynfwiG ;f rSm &Sw
d thJ zG@J awGa&m/ Ekid if w
H umrSm&Sw d hJ
'kd@'Drkdua&pD tiftm;pkawGua&m jynfolvlxk&J@ ppfrSefwJh (a&S@wpfywf qufajym=ur,f)? ? b}uD;om

jyKvkyo f nft h csed rf pS I +yD;qH;k onfh tcsed t f xd jzpfpOft& jyef

jrefrmh'Drkdua&pDtiftm;pkrsm;\ =unfhv#if(7)csufygvrf;jyajrykHaomfvnfaumif;/ qENcH
r[mAsL[m nSdEdIif;aqG;aEG;yGJrS ,ly&JG v'frsm;udv k nf;aumif; vH;k 0 vufrcHEikd /f vH;k 0 twnf
rjyKEdkifa=umif; aqG;aEG;cJh=uonf?
2010 a&G;aumufyGJukd vkH;0todtrSwfrjyK xd@k a=umifh 2010a&G; aumufyJG tm; rdrw d @kd twdu
k f
tcH 'Drdkua&pD tiftm;pkrsm;rS vHk;0 todtrSwfrjyKEdkif
xk d i f ; -jref r me,f p yf / 20 Zl v k d i f ? a=umif;udk wufa&mufcJh=uaom tqdkyg tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;.
jrefrmEdkifiH. vuf&SdtajctaeESifh ywfoufonfh ud,k pf m;vS,f acgi;f aqmifrsm;rS wnDwnGwf wnf; oabm
oH;k oyfcsurf sm;/ +yD;cJah om Vote No udpEP iS hf ywfoufaom wl qkH;jzwfcJh=uygonf?
jyefvnfoHk;oyfcsufrsm;/ qufvuf aqmif&Gufrnfh r[mAsL etz ppftpdk;&onf ar v2-3 &uf ae@u wkduf
[mrsm; csrw S af qG;aEG;yGuJ kd xdik ;f -jrefrme,fpyf wpfae&mwGif ckdufcJhaom em*pfqkdifuvkef;rkefwkdif;a=umifh jynfolvlxk
Zlvdkifv 18 &ufae@rSpI 20&ufae@txd 'Drdkua&pDpepfudk wpfoed ;f ausmf aoqk;H +yD; oef;eJ@csD tk;d rJt h rd rf hJ jzpfaeaom tajc
vdkvm;+yD;/ ppftm%m&Sifpepfudk tjrpfrusef awmfvSefvdk taeatmufwiG /f arv 10&ufae@ jynfv;kH u|wf jynfo@l qEN
aom jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;nGef@aygif;tpdk;&/jynf cH,lyGJudk twif;t=uyf usif;yjyKvkyfum 92 &mcdkifE_ef;jzifh
axmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;om;aumifpD/ wkdif;&if;om; vlrsdK; qENcH,lyGJudk atmifjrifcJha=umif; a=unmcJhonf?
rsm;aumifpD/ jrefrmEkdifiH'Drkdu&ufwpf tiftm;pk/ jrefrmEdkifiH od k @ aomf xk d o k d @ jyKvk y f c J h a om qEN cH , l y G J o nf
trsKd ; orD ; rsm;tzG J @ csKyf / jref r mEk d i f i H ausmif ; om;vl i ,f jynfolvlxkwpf&yfvHk;. qEN tppftrSefudk &,ljcif;r&Sd
uGefu&uf/ tef0kdifzkd&rfwkd@rS acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh txl;zdwf jynf o l r sm;ud k zG J @ pnf ; yH k t a=umif ; us,f u s,f j yef @ jyef @
=um;xm;aom wdkif; &if;om; acgif;aqmifrsm; tygt0if &Si;f jyjcif;rsm;r&Syd J twif;t"rR +cdr;f ajcmuf+yD; rJrsm;&,ljcif;/
udk,fpm;vS,f (30)OD; wufa&mufaqG;aEG;=uygonf? vd r f v nf v S n f h zsm;I &,l j cif ; rsm; jzpf a =umif ; ud k v nf ;
t"dutm;jzifh etzrS 2008 ckEpS af rvwGif twif; jynf o l v l x k x H r S ppf w rf ; aumuf , l jyKpk x m;a=umif ;
t=uyf jyKvkyf cJah om vlxq k ENc, H yl o JG nf pwif qEN cH,yl JG xkdtpnf;ta0;wGif aqG;aEG;wifjycJh=uygonf?

14 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/

12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
Edkb,fvftrsKd;orD;OD;aqmiftzGJY trsKd;orD;rsm;ta&;ESifh
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
'Drdkua&pDa&; vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufaeMuaom jrefrmtrsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh awGYqHk
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
12345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901234567890121234
xk d i f ; -jref r me,f p yf / 24 Zl v k d i f ? rpcifuyif jrefrmEdkifiHrS jynfolvlxk &ifqdkif awG@}uKHae& aomtcuf tcJ
Nobel Women’s rsm;ES i f h trsKd ; orD ; rsm;rS T0rf ; rsm;ESihf tvkyo f rm; tcGit hf a&; vH;k 0
Initiative (NWI)rS 1997ckEpS w f iG f enf;a=uuJpG &maumif;wJh tjzpf tysuf &&S d j cif ; r&S d a =umif ; ud k ouf a o
Ed k b ,f + id r f ; csrf ; a&;qk & cJ h a om awGudkcHpm;=u&+yD;jzpfonf? a&$0ga&mif taxmuf t xm;rsm;jzif h aqG ; aEG ;
*sLd 'D0v D sEH iS o
hf .l vkyzf mfuikd f zufw@kd onf awmf v S e f a &;wG i f +id r f ; csrf ; pG m oGm;cJhonf?
jrefrmEdkifiHa&;ESifh jrefrmEdkifiH trsKd;orD; qEN j ycJ h = uaom oH C mawmf r sm;ud k tajctaewif j ycsuf r sm;
rsm;ta&;twGuf aqmif&Guf aeaom &uf p uf p G m owf j zwf acs r_ e f ; cJ h + yD ; tm;vH k ; +yD ; aemuf e,f p yf a &muf
trsKd;orD;rsm;tzGJ@csKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH). em*pfrkefwdkif;a=umifh twd'kuQ a&muf trsKd;orD;rsm;rS Edkb,f +idrf;csrf;a&;
tzGJ@0ifrsm;jzpf=uaom yavmiftrsdL; ae=uaom jynf o l r sm;tm; vspf v sL qk&iS Ef iS hf NWI rS trsK;d orD;rsm;tm;
orD ; tpnf ; t¶H k ; / xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H t pd k ; & tygt0if
u&if t rsKd ; orD ; tmqD,H EdkifiHrS tpdk;&rsm;ESifh
tpnf ; t¶H k ; / Ed k i f i H w um&S d tpd k ; &rsm;ud k
jrefrmhtrsK;d orD;or*~ etz ppf t pd k ; &tm; zd t m;
/ xm;0,f trsK;d orD; ay;&ef E S i f h ‚if ; wd k @ rS m vnf ;
or*~ / &cd k i f rd r d w d k @ 'D r d k u a&pD v_ y f & S m ;r_
trsKd ; orD ; or*~ ES i f h yef ; wd k i f a &muf onf txd
tjcm; tzJ G @ tpnf ; qufvuf yl;aygif; yg0ifay;
rS t rsKd ; orD ; rsm; &efwkd@ukd aqG;aEG; wifjycJh=u
pk p k a ygif ; 50ausmf onf?
wufa&mufaom Edkb,f(vf)+idrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sif
awG @ qH k aqG ; aEG ; *s Kd 'D0vD D vsu H vnf; jrefrmjynf
yJ G w pf & yf u d k xd k i f ; - 'D r d k u a&pD a &; v_ y f & S m ;ae
jref r m e,f p yf w pf a e olrsm;ESihf yef;wdik f a&mufonf
&mwGif Zlvdkifv (24) txd quf v uf yl ; aygif ;
&ufae@ eHeufydkif;wGif aqmif & G u f o G m ; rnf j zpf
+id r f ; csrf ; a&;Ek d b ,f v f q k & S i f t rsd K ;orD ; ES i f h t zG J @
usif;ycJhonf? a=umif ; ES i f h vmrnf h
jref r mtrsd K ;orD ; rsm;ES i f h awG @ qk H p Of ? puf w if b mv uk v or*~
trsKd;orD;tzGJ@t
pnf;rsm; . zG@J pnf;&jcif; taxGaxGnv D mcH wGif jrefrm
&nf &G , f c suf r sm;/ vk y f i ef ; aqmif &_ u m/ ‚if ; wd k @ p d w f } uKd u f a&;qJ G x m;aom jynf ta&;ES i f h y gwf o uf + yD ; uk v
wmrsm; ud k v m a&muf a om Ed k b ,f zJ @
G pnf ; yH k t ajccH O ya'ud k twnf jyKEd i
k f or*~rS xda&mufpmG ta&;,l aqmif&u G f
qk & S i f trsKd ; orD ; ES i f h e,f p yf a &muf &ef t wG u f vl x k qEN u d k twif ; t"rR oif h a=umif ; pnf ;¶H ;
k v_ y &
f m
S ;oGm ;rnf [ k
trsKd ; orD ; tzG J @ rsm; tcsif ; csif ; &,l aqmif & G u f o G m ;cJ h o nf [ k v nf ; uwdjyK cJo h nf?
t=um;od&adS p&eftwGuf rdwf qufjcif; wif j yaqG ; aEG ; oG m ;onf ? aemuf jyD; Edb k ,f(vf) jidr;f csr;f
tpDtpOfEiS hf tcrf;tem;udk pwifonf? u&if t rsKd ; orD ; tpnf ; t¶H k ; rS a&;qk&iS f *sKd 'D0v D v D srH S “ jrefrmEdik if u H
xdk@aemuf yavmif trsKd;orD; jynf w G i f ; &S d a&$ @ ajymif ; 'k u Q o nf r sm;onf jynf o l a wG a umif ; us K d ; twG u f jref r m
tpnf;t¶Hk;rS jrefrm EdkifiH. vuf&Sd awm wG i f ; Y yk e f ; a&S m if a exd k i f = u+yD ; trsKd;orD;awG 'Davmuf wufºuGpGm
Edik if aH &; tajc taeESihf trsK;d orD;rsm;. tE W & m,f a ygif ; pH k }uKH a e&+yD ; 'k u Q o nf v_y&f mS ; aqmif&u G af ewmudk awG@& wm
tajc taersm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG; oGm;yg pcef ; wG i f & S d a om uav; ol i ,f r s m ;. 0rf;om ygw,f? usrwd@k u trsK;d orD;
onf? ‚if;aqG;aEG; csufxJwGif etzrS tem*wf t a&;ES i f h trsKd ; orD ; 'k u Q tzGJ@ tpnf;awGudk b,fvdk ulnD&
wdkif;&if; om;a'orsm;wGif vl@tcGifh onf r sm; }uKH a wG @ ae&aom tcuf rvJ v d k @ vnf ; t+rJ pOf ; pm;w,f ?
ta&; csKd ; azmuf r _ r sm; txl ; ojzif h tcJ r sm; ES i f h y wf o uf I vnf ; wif j y a':atmifqef;pk=unf[m jrefrm trsK;d
wdik ;f &if;ol trsK;d orD;rsm; tay: vdiyf ikd ;f aqG ; aEG ; oG m ;cJ h o nf ? orD;awG&J@ pHjyacgif;aqmi fjzpfygw,f?
qdkif&m aESmuf,Suf apmfum;r_ rsm;ESifh ‚if ; tjyif jref r mh t rsKd ; orD ; a':atmif qef ; pk = unf jyef v nf
vlom; rqef ESyd pf ufniS ;f yef;r_rsm;tm; or*~ r S xd k i f ; Ed k i f i H & S d a&G @ ajymif ; tvk y f vG w f a jrmuf v m+yD ; 0ef } uD ; csKyf /
wif j y aqG ; aEG ; oG m ;onf ? xd k t jzpf orm;rs m ;. vk yi
f ef ; ESi h f ywf o uf onf h 'grSr[kwf orRwom jzpfvm&if tck
tysuf rsm;onf pufwifbma&$0ga&mif tajctaersm;/ trsKd ; orD ; rsm;ES i f h 'D t cef ; xJ r S m &S d a ewJ h trsKd ; orD ;
awmf v S e f a&;ES i f h em*pf r k e f w d k i f ; uav;a&G @ ajymif ; tvk y f o rm;rsm;. awGuvnf; tpdk;&J@ 0ef=uD;tzJG@awGrSm
jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/ 15
 123456789012345678901234567890
123456789012345678901234567890
wm0ef ud k , f p D x rf ; aqmif + yD ; aemufqHk;taejzifh jrefrmEdkifiHrS 123456789012345678901234567890
123456789012345678901234567890
123456789012345678901234567890
a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf u d k 0ef ; &H trsKd ; orD ; rsm;ES i f h NWI rS t rsKd ; owif;wkdxGm odp&m
123456789012345678901234567890
123456789012345678901234567890
123456789012345678901234567890
ay;Edkifvdrfhr,fvdk@ ar#mfvifh ygw,f” orD ; ud k , f p m;vS , f r sm; tjyef t vS e f 123456789012345678901234567890
[k a jym=um;jyD ; ‚if ; wd k @ Ed k b ,f ar;cG e f ; rsm; ar;jref ; =ujyD ; vuf & S d j zpf
e,f a jrcH t zG J @ tpnf ; rsm;ok d @
ay:aeaom
jref r mEd k i f i H a &; jynfaxmifpjk refrmEkid if tH rsK;d om;aumifp.
D
tajctae vkyfief;pDrHcsufrsm; vSnfhvnf&Sif;vif;
rsm;ES i f h jref r m 19 Zlvkdif ?
trsKd ; orD ; rsm; trsdK;om;'Drkdua&pDwyfaygif;
'k u Q a&muf pk taxG a xG t wG i f ; a&;rS L ; ytd k @
ae=u&jcif ; . wd k i f ; &if ; om; vuf e uf u d k i f w yf z G J @ .
t"d u w&m;
cHrSm etz ppf twGif;a&;rSL; AdkvfrSL;}uD; OD;cGefOuUm
tpd k ; &. zd E S d y f onf 2008 ckEpS /f Zlvidk v f (12)&ufae@rS
csKyf cs,rf y_ if+yD; 2008 ckESpf/ Zlvkdifv(27)&ufae@txd
r d r d w d k @ NCUB . wk d u f y J G 0 if pD r H c suf u k d
trsKd ; orD ; rsm; e,f a jrcH tzJ G @ tpnf ; acgif ; aqmif
taejzifh pnf;
vHk; nD nGwfr_ rsm;okd@ y%mr &Sif;vif;wifjyEkdif&ef
&SdjyD; jrefrmjynf twGuf c&D;vSnfhvnfcJhygonf?
Ekdb,fvftrsdK;orD;OD;aqmiftzGJY 'Drdkua&pD& ,if ; c&D ; wG i f &S r f ; jynf & S d
atatyDyDwGif EkdifiHa&;tusOf;om;a[mif;rsm;ESifhawGYqkH onftxd &Srf;jynf zJG@pnf;yHk tajccHOya' a&;qJG
qufvuf a&;aumfr&Sif(SSCDC)OuUX p0fcGef;
(vf)+idrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sif nDt rsm;rSvnf; wd u
k y
f 0
G J if
o m
G ;oifa
h =umif ; tm;ay;=u&if;
qdik f (&Sr;f rD', D macgi;f aqmif) ESihf awG@qkH
yl ; aygif ; yg0if wd k u f y J G 0 if oG m ;rnf tpnf;ta0; tm; ed*Hk;csKyfvdkufonf?
jzpf a =umif ; xyf a vmif ; ajym=um; 'ga=umif h jref r mjynf o l &S i f ; vif ; um/ &S r f ; jynf j yef v nf xl
oGm;ygonf? rsm;taeESifh “pnf;vHk;nDnGwfr_&Sd&r,f/ axmifa&;aumifpD (RCSS) r[m
quf v uf + yD ; Ed k b ,f ( vf ) rqk y f r epf e J @ }ud K ;pm;&r,f / ud k , f h & J @ rdwfa&;&mwm0efcH p0ftGwfau;qD;
+idr;f csr;f a&;qk&iS f *sKd 'D0v D v D sw H @kd EiS hf twl }udK;pm;r_ toD;tyGiu hf kd ud, k f cHpm;csirf S ESifhvnf; awG@qHkcJh+yD; ta=utvnf
ygvmaom a'guf w mqD ; rm;rS xyf cHp m;& r,f / 'gayr,f h ud ,
k h f usK;d pm; r_[m
aqG;aEG;cJh=uygonf?
vmif; ajym=um;onfrmS jrefrmhEikd if aH &; ud, k hf tem*wf jrefrmjynforl sm;twGuf
jyKjyif a jymif ; vJ r _ o nf jref r mjynf jzpf a=umif; udkawmh rarhygeJ@”[kvnf; u&ifeDjynfwGifvnf;u&ifeD
ol r sm;. vuf 0 ,f w G i f & S d j yD ; jref r mh ajymjycJh onf? trsKd;om; wkd;wufa&;ygwD (KNPP)
Ed k i f i H a &;twG u f v_ y f & S m ;aqmif & G u f Edkb,f(vf) +idrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sif .acgif ; aqmif w pf O D ; jzpf o l q&mcl ;
aeaom jrefrmjynforl sm;ESihf acgi;f qmif *sKd ' D 0 D v sH ES i f h tzG J @ onf xd k i f ; jref r m OD;&,fEiS v hf nf; e,fajra'o taxGaxG
wd@k . wm0efrsm;yifjzpfa=umif; jyefvnf e,fpyfc&D;pOfrsm;twGi;f Zlvikd v f 22&uf
tajctaetygt0if NCUB . wku d f
aqG;aEG;cJhonf? ae@wG i f csif ; rd k i f wuU o d k v f Y awG @ qH k
xd k @ jyif w¶k w f t rsKd ; orD ; aqG ; aEG ; yG J w pf & yf u d k vnf ; aumif ; / yJ0G if pDrcH suu f dk ta=utvnf aqG;aEG;
ud, k pf m; vS,f rpPuiG ;f csZf efcsf uvnf; Zl v d k i f v 23&uf a e@wG i f Ed k i f i H a &; cJah =umif; owif;&&Syd gonf? NCUB.
vGecf ahJ om 10ESpf twGi;f w¶kwEf ikd if rH mS tusOf;om;rsm; ulnDapmifh a&Smufa&; r[mAsL[mrsm;xJ r S r[mAsL[m
trsKd;orD; tcGifh ta&;ukd awmif;qdk toif ; (AAPP) ¶H k ; od k @ vnf ; aumif ; wpf&yfjzpfaom wdik ;f &if;om; vufeuf
cGifhr&¶Hkomru vl@tcGifh ta&;udkyif oGm;a&mufcJh=uonf? udkifwyfrsm;ESifh r[mrdwfyl;aygif;a&;
ajymqd k c G i f h r &S d a=umif ; / xd k @ a=umif h Ed k b ,f v f + irf ; csrf ; a&;qk u d k
tvkyo f rm;rsm; tcGit hf a&; qdw k mjzifh trsKd ; orD ; (12)OD; tm;ay;tyfcJh&mwGif twGuf pnf;¶Hk;a&;wm0efudk jrefrm
pwifawmif;qdkcJh &a=umif;/ w¶kwfjynf ,ck v uf & S d t csd e f w G i f ouf & S d x if & S m ; Edik if H 'Dru
kd &ufwpf wyfz@JG }uD;rS t"du
jyef a &muf a omtcgrS m vnf ; rd r d . (7)OD; usefcJhonfhteuf ‚if;wdk@txJwGif wm0ef,l12345
12345 aqmif&Gu faeonf1234
1234 ?
w¶k w f trsKd ; orD ; rsm;tm; jref r m a':atmif;qef;pk=unf wpfOD;wnf;om 12345123451234 1234
12345123451234 1234
trsK;d orD;rsm;ta=umif; wifjy aqG;aEG; tusOf;pH+idrf;csrf;a&;qk&Sifjzpfonf? ?
rnfjzpfa=umif; tm;wufz,
oGm;cJhonf?
G f ajym=um; ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
8 8 8 8
12345123451234
12345123451234
12345123451234
12345123451234
12345123451234
1234
1234
1234
1234
1234

16 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/

 'Drakd &pDr[mrdwt
f zG@J (Democratic Alliance of Burma)
'Dru
kd a&pD r[mrdwt f zG@J (Democratic Alliance onf?ol.tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;wGifu¾aygif;pHkrS vl@tcGifhta&;
of Burma) udk 1988Ed0k ifbm 18&uf ae@wiG f aumfoal v; az:aqmif a om tzG J @ tpnf ; rsm;/ tvk y f o rm;or*~ r sm;/
a'o wGif pwifI zG@J pnf;cJo h nf? ppftm&Sif tkycf sKyfa&; pepfukd trsKd;orD; tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ q&m/ q&mrrsm;tzGJ@/ausmif;
qef@usifaom wdkif;&if;om; vufeufudkif tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;/ om;/ ausmif;olrsm;tzGJ@wdk@yg0ifonf?
'Drdkua&pD tkyfcsKyfa&; pepfvdkvm;aom EdkifiHa&; tzGJ@t DAB . ig;}ud r f a jrmuf n D v mcH qH k ; jzwf c suf t &
pnf ; rsm;/ vl @ tcG i f h t a&; v_ y f & S m ; ol t zG J @ tpnf ; rsm;/ tzGJ@0if tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf?
&Spfav;vkH; wGif 'Drdk ua&pDa&;twGuf v_yf&Sm;ol tzGJ@rsm; (1) jrefrmEdkifiHvkH;qkdif&m&[ef;ysKdrsm;or*~-All Burma Young Monks’ Union
(2) jrefrmEdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m rGwfpfvifrf tpnf;t±kH;-All Burma Muslim Union
pkaygif;xm;aom r[mrdwfwyfaygif; pk}uD;jzpfonf? (3) jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qdik &f m ausmif;om;rsm;'Dru
kd &ufwpfwyfO;D - All Burma Student’s
'Drdku&ufwpfwyfaygif;pk}uD;. wm0efrSm jynfol Democratic Front
(4) &ckdifjynf vGwfajrmufa&;ygwD- Arakan Liberation Party
vlx. k b0vH+k cHK r_twGuf rif;qd;k rif;npf ppftm%m&Sif tpd;k & (5) csif;trsKd;om; wyfOD;- Chin National Front
tm;wGe;f vSef wdu k zf suI f 'Dru kd &pDtyk cf sKyfa&;pepfEiS hf tem*w (6) jrefrmjynf 'Drdkua&pD jynfvnfwnfaqmufa&;aumfrwD - Committee for
Restoration of Democracy in Burma
fz'&,f jynfaxmifpk}uD; wnfaqmufEdkif&ef tajccHtkwfjrpf (7) &cdkifjynf 'Drdku&ufwpfygwD - Democratic Party of Arakan
csay;jcif;jzpfonf? DABonf yxrqH;k aom Armr[kwo f nfh (8) vl@abmifopf'Drdku&ufwpfygwD - Democratic Party for New Society
(9) jrefrmEdkifiH tvkyform;or*~rsm; tzGJ@csKyf -Federation of Trade Unions-
wdkif;&if; om;vlrsKd;rsm;ESifh 'Drdkua&pD vdkvm;aom tzGJ@rsm; Burma
aygif;pnf;xm;onfh wyfaygif;pk}uD;jzpfonf? (10) u&iftrsKd;om; tpnf;t±kH; -Karen National Union
(11) vm;[l 'Drdku&ufwpfwyfOD; -Lahu Democratic Front
(1) tm%m&Sipf epfwu kd zf suaf &; (Anti- Dictatorship) (12) +rdwf xm;0,f nD!Gwfa&;wyfOD;-Myeik Dewei United Front
(2) 'Dru kd a&pDpepfukd xlaxmif&ef (To Build Democracy) (13) jrefrmEkdifiHrGwfpfvifvGwfajrmufa&;tzGJ@ -Muslim Liberation
(3) +idrf;csrf;a&;&&Sd&ef (Towards Peace) Organization Burma
(14) 'Drdkua&pDESifhzG@H+zKd;wdk;wufa&;tiftm;pk-Network
for Democracy and
(4) z'&,fjynfaxmifpw k nfaqmuf&ef (To build a Federal Development
Union ) ponf h t csuf r sm;ay:tajccH I vuf w G J c J h = ujcif ; (15) em*'Drdkua&pDtzGJ@csKyf - Naga National League for Democracy
(16) jynfya&mufjrefrmjynf vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD;-Overseas Burma Liberation
jzpfonf? Front
DAB onfz'&,fzGJ@pnf;yHka&;qGJa&;ESifh 1990jynfh (17) yifv,f&yfjcm;u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t±kH;-Overseas Karen Organization
(18) jynfol@umuG,fa&;wyfOD; -People’s Defense Force
ESpfwGifzGJ@pnf;cJhaom jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHn$ef@aygif;tpdk;& (19) jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD; -People’s Liberation Front
(NCGUB) ESifh 1992wGif zGJ@pnf;cJhaom jynfaxmifpkjrefrm (20) jynfol@wdk;wufa&;wyfOD; -People’s Progressive Front
(21)ytkd0f;jynfol@vGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD;-Pa- OPeople’s Liberation
Edik if t
H rsK;dom;aumifpD (NCUB)wd@k tm; cdik rf maom axmufyhH Organization
r_ay;&ef &nf&G,fI zGJ@pnf;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? (22) jynfol@jynfcspfygwD - People’s Patriotic Party
DABonf jrefrmEdkifiHwGif ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pD
-
(23)yavmifjynfe,fvGwfajrmufa&;wyfOD; Palaung State Liberation Front
(24) 0 trsKd;om; tzGJ@csKyf -Wa National Organization
tkycf sKyfa&;pepf jzpfwnfay:ayguv f map&efEiS hf tajccH vl@tcGihf (25) jrefrmEkdifiHtvkyform;aoG;pnf;nD!Gwfa&;tzGJ@-Burma Labor Solidarity
ta&;rsm;&&Sda&;twGuf tpDtpOfrsm; udka&;qGJ csrSwfxm; Organization

Õ *rf b m&D awmuf a vsmuf }ud K ;yrf ; cJ h w J h ud p P a wG x J r S m oH k ; yG i f h q d k i f a qG ; aEG ; tajz&S m a&;

taetxm;[m b,f a vmuf x d eD ; pyf z d k @ &S d a e+yD ; vJ v d k @ cef @ rS e f ; rd v J c if A s?
rpöwm tDA&m[if
ד *rfbm&DvmcJw h hJ c&D;pOfawGxrJ mS atmifjrifcw hJ m wpfcrk rS &Syd gb;l ? ukvor*~v+kH cHKa&;aumifpu D
*rfbm&D ol @ c&D ; pOf t+yD ; rS m xif & S m ;ay:vG i f w J h atmif j rif r _ u d k ar#mf r S e f ; w,f ? 'gayr,f h *rf b m&D
c&D;pOfawGxJrSm vk y f a qmif E d k i f r ,f v d k @ rxif y gbl ; ? bmvd k @ vJ qd k a wmh uk v or*~ u ajymaewJ h
awG@qakH qG;aEG;a&;qdw k mudk 'Dy,J if;rSmuwnf;u rvkycf sib f ;l qdw
k m xif&mS ;aewmyJ? 'Dy, J if;rSm
atmifjrifcJhwm a':atmif q ef ; pk = unf u d k taoowf z d k @ }uH p nf w ,f ? awmuf a v#muf r S m vnf ;
wpfckrSr&Sd . . . 90jynfha&G;aumufyGJudk ysufjy,f oGm;+yDvdk@ wenf;wzHkajymaewmawG&Sdw,f? 'ga=umifh awG@qHk
aqG;aEG;a&;udk etzuvkyfr,fh ta=umif;udk rjrifygbl;? *rfbm&D&J@ wm0efu ukvor*~&J@
qH;k jzwfcsuaf wGukd etzudk ajymjy+yD; wdu k wf eG ;f zd@k yJ &Syd gw,f?”
rpöwm tDA&m[if*rfbm&D\ c&D;pOfESifhywfoufí jynfolYvTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,f OD;cGefjrifhxGef;rS RFA okdY ajymMum;csuf

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/ 17

 jrefrmEkdifiH'Drkdu&ufwpfr[mrdwfwyfaygif;pk. zGJ@pnf;wnfaqmufykHjyZ,m;

'Drdku&ufwpfr[mrdwfwyfaygif;pk
Democratic Alliance of Burma (DAB)
ig;}udrfajrmufnDvmcH (pufwifbm 2007ckESpfrS 2010ckESpftxd)

'D r d k u &uf w pf r [mrd w f w yf a ygif ; pk zG J @ pnf y H k

(Structure of DAB) Structure of DAB

nDvmcH (Congress)
3ES p f wpf } ud r f u sif ; y)
(3ES

A[kdtzGJ@tpnf; (Central Committee )

(ES p f p Of u sif ; y)

A[d k pD ; rH c ef @ cG J a &;aumf r wD
(Central Executive Committee)
3vwpf } ud r f usif ; y
(Quarterly Meeting)

¶H k ; csKyf
t}uH O m%f a y;bk w f t zG J @ (General Head)
(Advisory Board) ¶Hk;cGJ
(Quarter Office)

a&;&maumfrwDrsm; (Affairs Committee)

EdkifiHjcm;a&;&maumfrwD (Foreign Affairs Committee)
ppf a &;ES i f h y wf o uf a oma&;&maumf r wD
(Military Affairs Committee)
pnf;¶H;k a&;ESiyhf wfoufaoma&;&maumfrwD
(Organizing Committee)
owif ; ES i f h j yef = um;a&;&maumf r wD
(Information Committee)
b¾ma&;ESiyhf wfoufaoma&;&maumfrwD
(Financial Committee)

18 jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEkid if H trsKd ;om;aumifpD? owif;ESihfjyefMum;a&;XmerS xkwaf 0onf/