2004 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 68

a-Iv-Xn- kw-hm-Z-P-bw-!-
ap-Iv-Xn- hn-fw-_-cw-!-

1847˛ 1912 Im-e-L-´-Øn¬Po-hn-®- {i-t≤-b-\m-b- km-aq-ly-]-cn-jv-I¿-Ø-m-hpw ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I-\pw- {]-t_m-[-I-

\p-am-bn-cp-∂p- a-‡n-X-߃.- {Iv-kv-Xy≥- an-j-W-dn-am¿- C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc- \-S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂- - - hn-a¿-i-\-ß-ƒ-°v-
hm-b-S-∏≥- a-dp-]-Sn-sIm-S-Øp-sIm-≠v- A-t±-l-sa-gp-Xn-b- te-J-\-߃- C-∂pw- {-]-k-‡-am-Wv.- a-‡n-X-ß-fp-sS- Hcp-
sN-dp-Ir-Xn- A-tX-]S- n- {]-kn-≤o-Ic- n-°p-Ib
- m-Wv.- H-cp-\q-‰m-≠p-ap-ºs- Ø- a-eb
- m-fam-bX
- n-\m¬- A¬]w- Zp¿-{KmlyX-
tXm-∂n-tb-°mw.-

k-øn-Zv- k-\m-D-√- a-‡n- X-߃-

kz¿-Kw- ]q-I-W-sa-¶n¬- s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - v- ssZ-ho-jSv- Ø
- n-s∂-Xn-cm-Ib - m¬- A-Xp-Iƒ- \nß-
kz¿-Km-[n-I-m-cn-bn¬- B-{i-bn-°-Ww- fp-sS- D-t±-i-߃-°pw- {]-am-W-߃-°pw- hn-cp-≤-am-bn- `-hn-
]-e-cpw- tN¿-∂v- skm-ssk-‰n-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂- tbm-Ky-∑m¿- °p∂p.-
X-߃-°p-≈- ]q-Py-X-bpw- a-X-tbm-Ky-X-bpw- Im-Wn-∏m-\m-bn- ta-∏-Sn- {Sm-Iv-‰v- B-k-I-em¬- {In-kv-Xo-b- {]-am-W-߃-°v-
_-lp-P-\- k-aq-l-Øn¬-Nm-Sn- {]-kv-Xm-hn-°p-∂- kw-K-Xn-Iƒ- F-Xn-cm-Ip-∂p.- ]-t£,- _p-≤n- A-\v-[-Im-c-s∏-´n-cn-°-sIm-≠v-
aq-U-Z¿-∏-W-ß-fm-bn- `-hn-°p-∂- Im-c-W-sa-s¥-∂v- Xn-c-°m- \n-߃- A-dn-bp-∂n-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- G-Xm-\pw- k-w-K-Xn-I-sf-
ØXpw- A-dn-bm-Ø-Xpw- lr-Z-bm-\-µ-I-c-sa-∂v- G-h-\pw- k-Ω- tNm-tZym-Ø-c- co-Xn-bn¬- hn-h-cn-°p-∂p.- ta-∏-Sn- A-\v-[-Im-c-
Xn°pw.- sØ- A-I‰ - n- k-Xym-t\z-jW - m-hI - m-is - Ø- \-in-∏n-°m-sX- kz¿-
{In-kv-Xp-a-X-{]-am-W-ß-fn-ep-≈- Ir-{Xn-a-ß-sf- Im-Wn-®v- Km-[n-Im-cn-bn¬- B-{i-bn-°p-sa-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p.-
AXp-I-sf- \o-°n-®v- {]-am-Ww- ip-≤-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-bn- {In-kv-Xp- 1.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ ap-l-Ω-Zo-b- k-tlm-Z-cm-!- aq-V-X- D-t]-
hn-s≥-d- A-Nv-O-\m¬- \n-b-an-°-s∏-´- Rm≥-;- ]q¿-∆w- ap-X¬- C- £n-°p-I,- \n-s≥-d- \-a-kv-Im-cw- sIm-≠pw- t\m-ºp-sIm-≠pw-
∂p-h-sc- D-≠m-b- skm-ssk-‰n-°m¿- a-\x-]q¿-∆-w- {]-h¿-Øn-®- c£-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-X-√.-
Hm-tcm- Ir-{Xn-a-ß-sf- I-≠p-]n-Sn-®v- _-lp-P-\- tIm¿-´n¬- sX- Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ {In-kv-Xo-b- kv-t\-ln-Xm-!- aq-Vm-‘-Im-c-Øn¬-
fn-bn-°p-I-bpw- A-Xp-I-sf- \n-߃- k-Ω-Xn-®v- {]-am-W-Øn¬- \n-∂v- C-kve - mw-aX - - {]-Im-iØ - n¬- h-cn-I.- \-ak - vI
- m-cw-sIm-≠pw-
\n-∂v- \o-°n- {]-am-W-sØ- C-kv-emw-a-X-tØm-sSm-∏n-°p-I-bpw- t\m-ºp-sIm-≠pw- c-£-{]m-]n-°p-sa-∂p-≈- hn-izm-kw- aq-V-X-
sN-bv-Xp.- "a-Iv-Xn- X-߃- B-tLm-jw'- F-∂pw- "{In-kv-Xo-b- bm-Ip-∂p-sh-¶n¬- {]-Y-a- aq-V≥- \n-߃-°v- ssZ-h-am-bn-cn-°p-
a\x-]q¿-ht- am-jW - w'- F-∂p-ap-≈- F-s≥-d- te-J\
- ß
- ƒ- km£n- ∂- {In-kX v- p- B-sW-∂v- \n-߃- H-∂m-aX - v- k-ΩX - n-°W - w.- F¥p-
bm-Ip-∂p.- sIm-s≠-∂m¬,- "\n-Xy-Po-hs - \- {]m-]n-t°-Ws - a-¶n¬- F-¥v- sN-
C-ß-s\- ssZ-hw- Xm-\m-bn- sX-fn-®pw- D-d-∏n-®pw- Im-Wn-°p- ø-Ws - a-∂v- B- a-\p-jy-t\m-Sv- tNm-Xn- ® - m-sd- I¬-]\ - I
- f- n¬- BN-
∂-Xn¬- Ku-\n-°m-sX- kn-≤m¥-a-Ø-cm-bn- ta¬-Im-Wn-®- 5˛mw- cn-°W- w- F-∂pw- (a-Øm.-19.-16,-17)- \-ak - vI - m-cw- sIm-≠pw- t\mºp-
\-º¿- {Sm-Iv-‰v-ap-X-em-b- tXm-∂n-b-hm-k- te-J-\-߃- {]-kn-≤- sIm-≠pw- A-√m-sX- Cu- Pm-Xn- \o-ßp-∂-X-√-m- F-∂pw- (a-Øm.-
kv-s]-jy¬- ]-Xn-∏v-
 2004 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 69
17˛21)- {]m¿-∞n-°p-tºmƒ- hm-Xn-eS- ® - v- c-lk - y-Øn-ep-≈- \ns≥d- X-߃- ]m-]-ta-‰v- ]-d-™pw- tNm-Zn-®pw- c-£-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn¬-
]n-Xm-hn-t\m-Sv- {]m¿-∞-n-°q- F-∂pw- (a-Øm.- 6,-6)- D-]-h-kn-°p- B-t£-]n-°p-∂X - v- F-{X- Iu-Xp-Iw-!- ]n-g® - h- s
- ≥-d- ]n-gX- o¿°mw,-
tºmƒ- I-]-S- `-Iv-Xn-°m-sc-t∏-m-se- ap-jn-™- ap-Jw- B-°-cp- km-Z-cw- h-f-™-h-s\- Im-®n- D-gn-™m-epw- h-f-h-v Xo-cp-∂-X√m.-
sX-∂pw- (a-Øm-.- 6,-16)- hn-kv-Xm-c- Zn-h-kw- A-h-\-h-s≥-d- {]-hr- ssZ-h-am-b- tb-ip- Xm≥- N-Øp- ao≥-]n-Sn-®-Xpw- a-\p-jy-t{i-
-Øn-°p -X-°-]-I-cw- \¬-Ipw- F-∂pw- (a-Øm.- 16,-17)- a-in-lm- jvTc - m-b- ap-lΩ - Z- v- \-_n- ssI- \-\° - m-sX- ]n-Sn-®X - pw- tI-´mtem-
]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.- C-Xn-\m¬- \-a-kv-Im-cw-,- t\m-ºv- F-∂o- I¿- Nn-°p-∂X - n¬- k¿-ht- bm-Ky-Xb - pw- Zn-hy-t{i-jvT - X
- b- pw- ap-lΩ - Zv-
Ω-ß-sf- c-£m¿-∞-am-°n- ]-d-™p- F-∂v- am-{X-a-√m- a-in-lm- \-_n-bn¬- C-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂v- A-`n-{]m-bs - ∏-Sm-Ø- _p-≤n- BZmw-
Xm-\pw- \-a-kv-I-cn-®pw- t\m-ºv- t\m-‰pw- h-∂n-cp-∂p.- \-a-kv-°m- ]p-{X-cn¬- Im-Wp-∂-X-√.-
c-sØ- {]m¿-∞-\- F-∂pw- t\m-ºn-s\- D-]-hm-kw- F-∂pw- {]- 3.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ \-_n-am¿- k-I-e-cpw- ]m-]n-I-fm-Ip-∂p-sh-
tbm-Kn-®pw,- A-Xp-I-sf- \n-c-kn-®v- h-cp-∂-Xv- aq-V-X-bm-sW-∂v- ∂v- A-h-cp-sS- N-cn-{X-Øn¬-X-s∂- Im-Wp-∂p.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- (\-_n)-
]q¿-∆-k-`-bm-b- kp-dn-bm-\n-°m¿- hn-[n-°p-∂pw- D-≠v.- Xm-\pw- ]m-]n-bm-sW-∂v- Xm≥- X-s∂- k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p.- F-∂m¬-
2.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ ]m-]-an-√m-Ø- tb-ip- a-cn-®-Xv- F-¥n-\v- a-inlm- ]m-]w- C-√m-Ø-h≥- F-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- X-s∂- km-£y-
F-∂pw- \n-߃- tNm-Zn-°p-am-bn-cn-°pw,- A-Xv- ]m-]n-I-fp-sS- Pm- -s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.-
ay-°m-c-\m-bn- h-∂-Xn-\m¬- R-ß-fp-sS- k-I-e- ]m-]-ß-tf-bpw- Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- t_m-[w- C-√m-bv-a-X-s∂.-- \n-tbm-K-]p-cp-
h-ln-®p- a-cn-®-Xm-Ip-∂p.- F-∂m¬- ap-l-a-Zp- (\-_n)- h-en-b- ]m- j-cm-b- k-Xym-Xv-am-°-sf- ]m-]n-I-fm-°n- N-a-®p-≠m-°n-b- N-cn-
]n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- X-s∂- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂p.- F-ßn- {X-sa-gp-Øp-Im¿- ho-≠pw- \-∂m-°n-°q-Sm-Ø- Ip-i-h-s≥-d-
s\- F-∂m¬- "\n-s≥-d- ]m-]-Øn-\v- am-∏v- tNm-Zn-°q'-,- (ap-D-an≥)- ]m{Xw-t]m-se- hm-fp-sIm-≠pw- £m-aw-sIm-≠pw- ]-´-W-߃-
"\n-s≥-d- ssZ-h-sØ- kv-Xp-Xn-°p-I-bpw- am-∏v- tNm-Zn-°p-I-bpw- k-ln-Xw- \-in-®X - v- (G-im- b
- m.- F-da - n-b)- A-h¿-°p-≈- in£bm-
sN-øq'-,- (\-kv¿)- ssZ-hw- \n-s≥-d- B-Zy-tØ-bpw- H-Sp-hn-e-tØ- bn-cp-∂X - n-\m¬- B-hI - - N-cn-{X-ßs - f- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øn- ]cnip-
bpw- ]m-]-sØ- £-an-°p-am-dm-I-s´'- (^-X-lv)- F-∂o- kq-d-Øp- ≤m- X v - a m- ° - s f ]m- ] n- I - s f- ∂ v - ]- d - b p- ∂ - h ¿- `- b - s ∏- t S- ≠ -
I-fn¬- Im-Wp-∂p.- XmIp∂p.-
Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- ]m-]m-\v-[-Im-c-am-Wv.- ta¬- hm-N-I-߃- ap-lΩ - Z- p-\_ - n- Xm-\m-bn- k-ΩX - n-®n-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂p- ]-d™-
Jp¿-B≥- {]-am-W-Øn-s∂m-Ø-tXm- A-√-tbm- F-∂p-≈- hnkv- Xpw- Pv-Rm-\-K-\v-[-an-√m-bv-a-bm-Ip-∂p.- Cu- h-I- k-Ω-Xw- {Inkv-
Xm-c- `m-K-sØ- \n¿-Øn- ]-d-b-s∏-´- kw-K-Xn-I-sf- sIm-≠p-Im- Xp-hn¬-\n-∂pw- D-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- ]-t£,- Ip-cp-Sm-b- I-Æp-Iƒ-
Wp-∂- A-dn-hp- tZm-j-sØ- am-{Xw- Im-Wn-°p-∂p.- ]m-]-Øn-\v- ImWp-∂n-√.- "H-cp-Ø≥- tb-ip-thm-Sv- \-√- Kp-tcm,- F-∂v- ]-d™-
am-∏v- tNm-Zn-°q.- ssZ-h-sØ- kv-Xp-Xn-°q,- ]m-]-sØ- £-an-°p- t∏mƒ- F-s∂- \-√-h≥- F-∂v- ]-d-™-Xv- F-¥v?- ssZ-hw- H-cp
am-dm-I-s´-!'- F-∂v- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bn¬- D-≠m-b- I¬-]-\-Iƒ- h≥- H-gn-sI- \-√-h≥- H-cp-Ø-\pw- C-√- (a-Øm.- 19, 17) F-∂v-
sIm-≠v- B- ]-cn-ip-≤- \-_n-sb- ]m-]n- F-∂v- ]-d-bm≥- H-cp-ßn- tb-ip- ]-d™ - X
- n-s≥-d- D-t±-iw- [-cn-°Ø - ° - - ssh-`h - w- C-√msX-
b-Xv- aq-V-X- X-s∂.- F-¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬- "X-∂n¬- hn-iz-kn- ]n-g®
- ncn-°p-∂p'.- "\-√h - ≥'- F-∂p- ]-d™ - X
- n-s≥-d- km-≤yw- ]cn-
°p-∂- ]m-]n-Iƒ-°v- Pm-ay-°m-c-\m-bn- ]m-]-ß-sf- h-ln-°p-∂- ip-≤≥,- ]m-]a - n-√m-Øh - ≥- F-∂m-Ip-∂p- F-∂v- {In-kvX - p-hn-s≥d-
ap-d-°v- tb-ip-hn¬- hn-iz-kn-®- ]m-]n-Iƒ-°v- ]-I-cw- ]m-]-ati- sam-gn-X-s∂- A-dn-bn-°p-∂p.- F-ßn-s\- F-∂m¬- {In-kv-Xp-hn-
j-an-√m-Ø- tb-ip- i-]n-°-s∏-´pw- \m-\m- Zpx-J-I-jv-S-߃- A\p- s≥-d- B-¥c - w- cq-]m-Ir-Xn-sIm-t≠m- kz-`m-h- {]-Ir-Xn-sIm-t≠m-
`-hn-®pw- \n-e-hn-fn-®pw- Ip-cn-in-t∑¬- In-S-∂v- {]m-W-s\- hn-´pw- \-∂m-b-h≥- F-∂m-bn-cp-∂p.- F-¶n¬- ssZ-hw- H-gn-sI- H-cp-Ø-
C-cn-°p-∂p.- F-∂p-am-{X-hp-a-√,- ]m-]-in-£-bm-b- tLm-cm-Kv-\n- \pw- C-√m-sb-∂v- J-Wv-Un-®v- ]-d-bp-∂-X-√.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- tbip-
\-c-I-Øn¬- aq-∂p-Zn-h-kw- In-S-t∂m- C-cp-t∂m- \-S-t∂m- I-gn- Xm-\pw- ]m-]n-bm-sW-∂v- k-Ω-Xn-®p- F-∂p- h-cp-∂p.-
®n-cn-°p-∂p.- _-lp-am-\-s∏-´-- \-c-I- {]-th-i-\w-sIm-≠v- _-en-
F-∂m¬- {k-jv-Sm-kv-Yn-Xn-bpw- kr-jv-Sn- kz-`m-h-hpw- A-dn-
bm-b a-c-Ww-sIm-≠v- tam-Nn-°-s∏-´p- F-∂v- hn-iz-kn-®pw- B-\-
™- PvR - m-\n-Iƒ- {kjv{- Sm-hn-s≥-d- k-∂n-[n-bn¬- kr-jvS- n-bmb-
µn-®pw- h-cp-∂- \n-߃- (skm-ssk-‰n-°m¿)- ta¬-{]-Im-cw- Pmay-
X-߃- ]n-g-®-h-cm-sW-∂pw- X-߃-°p-≈- B-[m-cw- {k-jv-Sm-
°m-c-\m-b- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- i]n-°-s∏-Sm-sX-bpw- I-jv-S-s∏-´v-
hn-s≥-d- I-cp-W- am-{X-am-sW-∂pw- D-≈- hn-izm-kw-sIm-≠v- \-√-
acn-°m-sX-bpw- ]m-Xm-f- ]m-Xn-cn-bm-bn- ]m-Xm-f-Øn¬- {]-th-
h≥- {k-jv-Sm-hm-b- X-ºp-cm≥- am-{X-am-sW-∂pw- X-߃- ]n-g-®-
in-°m-sX-bpw- kz-¥a - l
- n-ab
- n¬- kz-¥k - Y v- m-\Ø
- n-cp-∂v- X-∂n¬-
]m-]n-I-fm-sW-∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- A-h-Im-i- ap-d-bm-b- `-Iv-Xn-
hn-iz-kn-®h - c- n¬- ]m-]n-If- m-bh
- ¿-°v- ]-Ic - w- ]m-]s
- am-´p-an-√mØ-
kºq¿-ÆX - b - m-sW-∂v- A-dn-bØ - ° - - PvR - m-\w- D-≠m-Ip-∂X - n\v-

kv-s]-jy¬- ]-Xn-∏v-
 2004 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 70
am¿-K-sam-∂p-an-√m-sX- Po-hn-°p-∂- P-\w- `-Iv-X-∑m-sc- ]m-]n-I- (B-h¿-Ø-\.- 18:-15)- F-∂v- tam-im- ]-d-™- {]-Im-cw- F-gp-t∂‰-
fm-°n- ]-d-bp-∂-Xn¬- hy-k-\n-t°-≠-Xn-√.- Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ- tam-i-sbt∏-m-se- \-St°-
{In-kv-Xo-b- {]-am-Ww- k-I-e- \-_n-am-sc-bpw- ]m-]n-I-fm-°n- ≠-Xpw- \-S-tØ-≠-Xpw- \ym-bm-\p-k-c-W- am-‰-߃- h-cp-tØ-
Im-Wn-°p-∂p.- C-kvemw- a-Xm-[-m-c-am-b- Jp¿-B≥- k-Xym-Xv-am- ≠-Xpw- ap-lΩ - Z- p-\_- n-°p-≈- A-hI - m-ih - pw- Np-aX- e- b
- pw- BIp-
°-sf- \n-b-an-®-b-®- k-Xy-kz-cq-]-s≥-d- kz-¥-h-N-\-am-Ip-∂p.- ∂p.- Cu- \n-e-bn¬- B-t£-]n-®-Xv- _p-≤n-bn-√m-bv-a-X-s∂.-
a-\p-jy-{]-th-i-\-Øn-∂n-S-h-cm-sX- C-∂p-h-sc- ]-cn-ip-≤m-h-kv- tb-ip- Xm-\pw- X-s≥-d- A-hk - Y v- t- ]m-se- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-Ibpw-
Y-bn¬- C-cn-°p-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠v- {In-kv-Xp- ap-X¬-°p-≈- ap≥- I-¬-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- Xm≥- tem-I-Øn¬- h-∂-
\-_n-am-cm-k-I-e-cpw- ]-cn-ip-≤-cm-sW-∂v- hn-[n-°p-∂p.- a-Xv-k- Xv- sIm-√p-hm-\m-bn-´-√.- ]-e-cp-sS- ho-s≠-Sp-∏m¿-∞w- X-s≥-d-
c-_p-≤n-If - m-b- a-\p-jy- {]-th-i\ - Ø
- n-∂n-Sh - ∂
- n-cn-°p-∂- {Inkv- P-oh - s- \- sIm-Sp-∏m-\m-sW-∂v- tb-ip- ]-d™ - X
- m-bn- skm-ssk‰n-
Xo-b- {]-am-Ww- {In-kv-Xp- H-gn-sI-bp-≈- k-I-e-sc-bpw- ]m-]n-I- ]-d-™-Xv- a-lm- h-©-\-bm-Ip-∂p.- F-∂m¬- tb-ip- ]-d-™-Xv,-
fm-°n- Im-Wn-°p-∂p.- Rm≥- k-am-[m-\w- h-cp-Øp-hm≥- h-∂-h-s\-∂v- \n-cq-]n-t°-≠.-
4.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n- km-[m-c-W-t]m-se- am-Xm- k
- a - m-[m-\w- A-√,- hm-fn-s\- A-s{X (a-Øm.- 10:-34) F-∂m-Ip∂p.-
]n-Xm-°∑ - m-cn¬-\n-∂v- P-\n-®p.- tb-ip-thm- A-X` v- p-Xm-hk - Y v- b
- n¬- ho-≠pw- h-kv-{X-ß-sf- hn-‰v- hm-fp- hm-ßm-\pw- tbi-p- I¬-]n®p-
P-\n-®p.- (eq-°p.- 2:-2 36).- C-Xn\m¬- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d- a-\°-cp-Øpw- Dt±-
Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- C-cp-fn¬- D-cp-f-em-Ip-∂p.- ap-l-Ω-Zv-\-_n- i-km-[y-hpw- hm-fp-]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn¬- B-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- kv]-
km-[m-c-W- t]m-se- P-\n-®-Xp-sIm-≠v- A-]-hm-Z-tam- B-t£- jv-Sw- sX-fn-bp-∂p.- Dt±-i-{]-Im-cw- a-\p-j-y-tcm-Sv- bp-≤w- sN-øp-
]-tam- C-√m-sX- Po-hn-®p.- kz-¥-P-\-hpw- A-\y-P-\-hpw- hn-izkn- hm-\pw- sIm-√p-hm-\pw- I-gn-bm-sX- h-∂- tJ-Zw- k-ln-°m-sX-
°m-\pw- A-hc - p-sS- k-lm-bw-sIm-≠v- hn-tcm-[n-Is - f- P-bn∏m\pw- {In-kv-Xo-b¿-°v- {]-tXy-I- B-lm-c-am-b- ]-∂n-I-sf- A-\-h-[n-
kw-KX - n-h∂- p.- {In-kX v- p- A-∏≥- C-√m-sX- P-\n-®X - p-sIm-≠v- A]- \-in-∏n-®p- (a-Øm-bn- 8:-32).- tJ-Zw- Xo¿-Øp-Iq-Sm-sX- t]m-Ip-∂-
hm-Z-s∏-Sm-\pw- Xm≥- ]-d-bp-∂-Xn¬- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cpw- (tbm.- 7.- h-gn-°-Sp-Øv- \n-∂n-cp-∂- IXn-cp-I-sf- I-h¿-∂p- (a-Øm-bn- 12:-
5)- Aw-_X - m-\pw- hn-iz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-∏m-\pw- A-Xp-\n-an-Øw- tbip- 1).- I-gp-X-I-sf- I-h¿-s∂-Sp-∏n-®p- (a-Øm.- 21:-7).- C-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa-
Aw-_-sb- X-≈n-∏-d-bm-\pw- (a-Øm.- 12:-48,- tbm.- 2:-4)- Nm¿-®- ap-∏-Xv- h-b- n-\-Iw- {]-h¿-Øn-®-sXm-∂pw- {]-kv-Xm-hn-°m-sX-
°m¿- {`m-¥-s\-∂v- sNm-√n- tb-ip-sh- ]n-Sn-∏m≥- H-cp-ßm-\pw- aq-∂v- sIm-√s - Ø- \-S] - S- n- am-{Xw- Im-Wn-®X - n-\m¬- B- Im-esØ-
(am¿-t°m-.- 3:-21)- A-h-km-\w- Aw-_-sb- X-≈n-∏-d-™- a-lm- \-S] - S- n-Iƒ- A-øa - m-bn-cp-∂p- F-∂v- i-¶n-t°-≠n-h∂ - p.- hn-tijn-
]m-]w- Im-c-W-am-bn- \m-fp- Zo¿-Ln-®n-cn-∏m≥- C-S-h-cm-sX- ap-∏ ®v- ap-∏-Xmw- h-b- n-\v- ti-jw- D-≠m-b-Xm-bn- Im-Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂-
Øn-aq-∂mw- h-b- n¬- I-gp-th-dm-\pw- (]p-d-∏m-Sv- 20:-12)- kw-K-Xn- a-l-Xzm-h-kv-Y-I-fn¬- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cpw- am-Xm-hv- Xm-\pw- tbmPn-
h-∂p.- C-Xv- A-Xv-`p-Xm-h-kv-Y-X-s∂- F-¶n¬- Ip-Xv-kn-Xm-h-kvY- ®pw- hn-iz-kn-®pw- Im-Wm-Ø-Xn¬- ]-e-hn-[w- kw-i-bn-t°-≠Xv-
a-s‰m-∂n-s√-∂v- ]-d-b-Ww.- a-\p-jy- A-h-Im-i-am-Ip-∂p.- Ip-d-™-Im-e-sØ- \-S-]-Sn- ImWn-
®pw- A-[n-I- Im-et- Ø-Xv- a-d® - p-sh-®pw- D-¥n-°b - ‰- n-bm¬- Xms\-
5.- skm-ssk-‰n-:˛- ap-lΩ - Z- p-(\-_n)- h-gn-bm-{X-°m-sc- sIm≈-
Du-cn-t∏m-cp-∂-Xn¬- k-tµ-l-an-√.-
sN-bv-Xpw-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.- h-f-sc- bp-≤-߃- \-S-Øn.- A-t\-Isc-
sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øn.- tb-ip-thm- H-cp-h-t≥-d-Xp- I-h-cp-I-tbm- A-]- 6.- skm-ssk-‰n-:˛- {In-kvX - p-hs - \- a-\p-jy-sc-√mw- Zp-jn-°bpw-
l-cn-°-tbm- H-cp-h-s\- sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-tbm- sN-bv-Xn-´n-√,- \n-µn-°-bpw- sN-bv-Xp- F-¶n-epw- Xm≥- {]Xn-{In-b- sN-øm-sX-
Xm≥- tem-I-Øn¬- h-∂-Xv- sIm-√p-hm-\m-bn-´-√,- ]-e-cp-sS- £-an-®p.-
hos≠-Sp-∏m¿-∞w- X-s≥-d- Po-h-s\- sIm-Sp-∏m-\m-sW-∂v- tbip- Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xp- I-Æ-S-®p- I-°¬- B-Ip-∂p.- P-\-Øn¬-
]-d-™ncn-°p-∂p.- tZm-j-s∏-´p- bm-sXm-cp- I-gn-hpw- C-√.- Hm-Sn-bpw- H-fn-®pw- \-S-°p-
Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- sIm-Sp-Øp- sIm-≈-em-Ip-∂p.- {In-kv-Xob- ∂- ]p-≈n- {]-Xn-{In-b- sN-øm-Ø-Xv- £-a-bpw- im-¥-_p-≤n-bp-
a-Xm-[m-c-Øn-∂Sn-bm-[m-c- I¿-Øm-hm-b- tam-i- A-t\-I- bp-≤- am-sW-∂v- {In-kv-Xo-b¿- H-gn-sI- a-\p-jy-cn¬- B-cpw- ]-d-bp-∂-
߃- \-S-Øn,- A-t\-I-sc- sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Ø-n.- kv-{Xo-I-sf-bpw- X-√.- C-Xpw- {In-kv-Xo-b- Kp-W-am-Ip-∂p.- £-a- F-∂v- tIƒ-°p-
Ip-™p-ßs - f-bpw- \p-dp-°n,- Ip-am-cn-Is - f- X-\n-°m-bn- F-Sp-∏n®p.- ∂-Xn-s≥-d- kz-`m-h-sa-¥v?- A-Xv- h-tc-≠- kv-Ym-\-ta-Xv?- F-∂-
ar-K-߃,- hr-£-߃,- k-ky-߃-t]m-epw- \-in-∏n-®p.- \-K-c- dn-tb-≠- `m-Kyw- C-√.- F-ßn--s\- B-bm-epw- skm-ssk-‰n- hn-
߃- tI-he - w- Z-ln-∏n-®p.- hn-ti-jn-®v- F-s∂-t∏-ms - e- H-cp- Zo¿L- Nm-cn-°p-∂-Xv- A-km-[yw- X-s∂.- {In-kv-Xp- £-an-®n-´n-√.- H-´pw-
Z¿-in-sb- \n-s≥-d- k-tlm-Z-c-∑m-cn¬- \n-∂v- F-gp-t∂¬-]n-°pw C-√.- k¿-∏w- X-∂-Øm≥- ISn-°pw-t]m-se- I-gn-bp-∂-Xn-s\-

kv-s]-jy¬- ]-Xn-∏v-
 2004 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 71
sNbv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- A-S-bm-fw- tN-m-Zn-®-h-cn¬- tIm-]n-®v- hy`n- Rm≥- H-cp- {]-kw-Kn- am-{X-am-Wv- F-∂v- ap-l-Ω-Zp-(\-_n)- Xm\m-
Nm-c-k-¥-Xn- F-∂v- ]-d-™p- (a-Øm--.-16:-4).- s]m≥-hm-Wn-`-°m- bn- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.- B-I-bm¬- bm-sXm-cp- A-Xn-i-b-hpw- ap-
cp-sS- ta-i-I-sf-bpw- {]m-hv- hn¬-°p-∂-h-cp-sS- ]o-T-ß-sf-bpw- l-Ω-Zp-(\-_n)- Im-Wn-®n-´n-s√-∂v- kv-]-jv-S-am-Ip-∂p.-
a-dn-®n-´p-.- (a-Øm--.- 21:-12).- A-h-sc- N-Ω-´n-Iƒ- sIm-≠-Sn-®p- (tbm.- Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- {]-am-Ww- hm-bn-°m-sX- {]-Xn-hm-Zn-°¬-
2:-15).- hn-i-∂v- sN-∂-t∏mƒ- ]-gw- C-√m-Xn-cp-∂- tIm-]w- sIm- B-Ip-∂p.- ]n-Xm-hv- sN-ø-p-∂-X-√m-sX- ]p-{X-\v- H-∂pw- I-gn-bp-
≠v- A-Øn-hr-£-sØ- i-]n-®p-W-°n- (a-Øm.-- 21:-19)-.- X-s∂- ]nSn- ∂-X-√ F-∂v- {In-kv-Xp- ]-d-™p- (tbm-.- 5:˛19)- F-∂pw- A-Xn-i
°m≥- h-∂-h-sc- a-dn-®n-´p- (tbm-.- 18:-6)-.- C-Xp-I-sf-√mw- £-a-bn- bw- tNm-Zn-®-h-sc- hy-`n-Nm-c- k-¥-Xn- F-∂pw- A-W-en-°p-´nIƒ-
√m-bv-a-bm¬- sN-bv-X- {Iq-c-X- X-s∂.- F-∂pw- B-t£-]n-®v- ]-d-™-X-√m-sX- Im-Wn-®n-´n-√ (a-Øm.-
7.- skm-ssk-‰n-:˛- ap-lΩ - Z- p-\_
- n- N-{µ-s\- c-≠m-°n- ]n-f¿∂p- 12:˛34˛39) F-∂pw- kz-¥-{]-am-W-Øn¬- C-cn-s°- {]n-b- skm-
F-∂pw- a-‰v- A-Xn-i-b-ß-fpw- Im-Wn-®p- F-∂pw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- hn- ssk-‰n- ap-l-Ω-Zp-\-_n- ]-d-s™-∂v- Im-Wn-°p-∂- a-cym-Z- h-N-
izm-k-tbm-Ky-a-√.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- a-cn-®v- H-cp- \q-dp-h¿-jw- I-gn \-Øn¬- B-t£-]n-®-Xv- tbm-Ky-X-tbm- aq-V-X-tbm- B-Ip-∂p.-
™-Xn¬- ]n-s∂- F-gp-X-s∏-´-Xm-Ip-∂p.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s\-t∏-m-se- B-t£-]n-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn¬- D-≠m-b-
Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xp- A-W-™p- a-W-∏n-°-em-Ip-∂p.- {In-kv- Akq-b- B-bn-cn-°mw.-
Xo-b- {]-am-W-am-b- {In-kv-Xp-N-cn-{Xw- {In-kv-Xp- I-gp-th-dn-b-Xn¬- 9.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ tb-ip-hn-s≥-d- a-c-W-sØ-°p-dn-®v- Jp¿-
]n-s∂- \q-dv- h¿-j-߃-°-Iw- ]-e-cpw- ]-te- X-h-W-bmbn- F- B-\n¬- c-t≠-S-Øv- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.- Cu-km-\-_n-sb- ssZ-
gp-Xn-b-Xm-sW-∂p-≠m-b- F-s≥-d- B-t£-]-Øn-\v- ]-Icw- \-ap- hw- a-cn-∏n-°p-sa-∂v,- A-h-s\- X-s≥-d- A-Sp-°-te-°v- ssI-s°m-
°pw- H-∂p- ]-db - W
- s - a-∂p-≠m-b- hn-Nm-cw- sIm-≠v- skm-ssk‰n- ≈p-∂p-w- F-∂pw- ]-d-™p.- ]n-s∂- tb-ip- sIm-√-s∏-´n-´n-√m,-
\q-dp-h¿-j-sa-s∂m-cp- Im-ew- \n¿-W-bn-®v- ]-d-™-Xm-Ip-∂p.- F- F-∂pw- A-hs - \- X-s≥-d- A-Sp-°t- e-°v- tN¿-Øp-sIm-≠v- F∂pw-
s¥-∂m¬- F-s≥-d- B-t£-]-sØ- ]q¿-∆-hn-Zzm-∑m¿- k-Ω-Xn- ]-d-bp-∂p.- Cu- Im-cy-Øn¬- Jp¿-B≥- ]-c-kv-]-c- hn-cp-≤-am-bn-
°p-∂-Xpw- N-cn-{Xw- km-£n-bm-Ip-∂-Xp-am-Ip-∂p.- \ym-b-am-b- ]n-i-Iv- ]-d-bp-∂p.- F-∂m¬- Jp¿-B≥- D-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-\v- h-f-sc-
sX-f-n-hp-Iƒ- Rm≥- Im-Wn-®n-´pw- D-≠v.- Iq-Sm-sX- {In-kv-Xo-b- °-m-ew- ap-tº- F-gp-X-s∏-´- {]-kn-≤-am-bn-cn-°p-∂- C-©o-en¬-
{]-am-Ww- kq-£v-a-Øn¬- N-cn-{X-am-I-bm¬- ]n¬-°mew- F-gp- tb-ip- Ip-cn-in-t∑¬- a-cn-®p- F-∂v- ]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.-
X-s∏-Sm≥- A-h-Im-i-s∏-´-Xpw- X-s∂.- Jp¿-B≥- F-∂-Xv- th- Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- ssI-Im-´n- A-h-e-£-W-sa-∂v- ]-d-bn-°-
Zm-[m-c-am-I-bm¬- ]n¬-°m-ew- F-gp-X-s∏-Sm≥- A-h-Im-i-an-√.- e-s{X.- Jp¿-B≥- F-∂pw- kq-dm- B-b-Øp- F-∂pw- {In-kv-Xo-
N-{µ-∏n-f¿-∏v- Jp¿-B\ - n¬- kq-Nn-∏n-°s - ∏-´n-cn-°b
- m¬- AXv- ]n¬- b¿- ]p-d-s∏-Sn-bn-°p-∂- H-®-I-fn¬- ap-k¬-am-\¿- Ku-\n-t°-≠-
°m-ew- F-gp-X-s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂v- ]-d-™-Xv- A-_-≤w-X-s∂.- t-h- Xn-√.- X-Ø-bn¬- \n∂p-≠m-Ip-∂- H-®-t]m-se- am-{Xw- hn-Nm-cn-
Z-sa-∂pw- N-cn-{X-sa-∂pw- D-≈- hy-Xy-kv-X-X- A-dn-bm-Ø- tZm- °p-∂p.- F-¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬- ]q¿-∆n-I- Ku-c-h-∑m¿- tXm-∂n-
j-am-Ip-∂p.- A-Xn-i-b- {]-hr-Øn-Iƒ- Im-tW-≠-Xv- A-h-c-h-cp- b-hm-kw- `m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn- C-´n-cn-°p-∂- `m-jm-¥-c- `m-K-ß-sf-
sS- N-cn-{X-Øn¬- B-I-bm¬- {In-kv-Xp-N-cn-{Xw- t]m-se- ap-l- I-≠pw- tI-´pw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p.- Ip-cp-S≥- A-\v-[-sc- Xp-S¿-
Ω-Zp-\-_n-N-cn-{X-Øn¬- Im¨-am-\p-ap-≠v.- A-Xv- ]n¬-°m-ew- ∂- k-{º-Zm-b-Øn-em-sW-∂v- ta-se-gp-Xn-b- a-e-bmf- hm-N-Iw-
Fgp-Xs - ∏-´X- m-Ib - m¬- hn-izm-kt- bm-Ky-as - √-∂v- ]-db
- p-∂]- £- w- sIm-≠v- sX-fn-bp-∂p.- F-ßn-s\- F-∂m¬- "a-cn-°pw'- F-∂pw-
{In-kv-Xp- sN-bv-X-Xm-bn- ]-d-b-s∏-Sp-∂- A-Xn-i-b-߃- ap-gp-h- "sIm-√-s∏-´n-´n-√m'- F-∂pw- ]-d-™-Xn¬- ]-c-kv-]-c- hn-tcm-[w-
\pw- \n-tj-[-bp-Iv-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.- F-ß-s\- F-∂m¬- ]p-Xp- D-t≠m?- a-cn-°-epw- sIm-√-s∏-S-epw- H-∂m-tWm- F-∂pw- a-cn-∏n-
\n-b-a-am-b- {Inkv-Xp- N-cn-{Xw- I-gp-th-‰-Øn-\v- ti-jw- ]-e-cpw- °pw- F-∂v- ]-d-™n-cn-s°- sIm-√-s∏-´p- F-∂p-≠m-b- {]-kv-Xm-
]-e- X-hW - b - m-bn- F-gp-Xn-bX - m-sW-∂v- {In-kvXp- k-ap-Zm-bß - ƒ- h-sØ- \n-tj-[n-®p- sIm-√s - ∏-´n-´n-√m- F-∂v- ]-db
- p-∂X
- n¬- ]ni
F-√mw- k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p.- Iq-Sm-sX- F-gp-Xn-b- B-fpw- F-gp-X-s∏´- Iv- D-t≠m?- F-∂pw- H-∂mw- ]m-Tw- hm-bn∏m≥- B-cw-`n-°p-∂-
Im-e-hpw- \niv-N-b-an-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- ]p-Xn-b-Xpw- ]-g-b-Xpam-b- Ip-´n-I-tfm-Sv- tNm-Zn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬- ]n-i-Iv- F-∂pw- ]-c-kv-]-cw-
c-≠v- {]-am-W-ß-fpw- ]n¬-°m-ew- F-gp-X-s∏-´-Xm-sW-∂v- k-Ω- hn-tcm-[w- F-∂pw- ]-d-™-Xv- X-t≥-d-S-an-√m-Ø- sIm-≠m-´-am-
Xn-®pw- A-Xp-I-sf- {]-am-W-ß-fm-°n- Aw-Ko-I-cn-®pw- h-cp-∂- sW-∂v- ]-d-bpw.-
\n-߃- ]n¬-°m-ew- F-gp-Xs - ∏-´X - v- hn-izm-kt- bm-Ky-as- √-∂v- ]d-
sIm-√-s∏-´n-´n-√m- F-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-™-Xv- ]n-i-Im-Ip-
™-Xv- A-Xv-`p-Xw-X-s∂.-
∂p- F-∂v- ]-d-™-Xpw- A-dn-hn-√m-bv-a-X-s∂.- Cu- Im-cy-Øn¬-
8.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ A-Xn-i-bw- ssZ-h-i-Iv-Xn-bn-en-cn-°p-∂p.- {In-kv-Xo-b- C-©o-en-s\- km-£-n-bm-°n-bpw- A-Xv- Jp¿-B≥-

kv-s]-jy¬- ]-Xn-∏v-
 2004 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 72

D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-\v- h-f-sc-°-m-ew- ap-sº- {]-kn-≤-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p- ∂v- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂- A-h-kv-Y-°v- H-cp- `m-Khpw- Ip-d-™p-Iq-Sm.-
F-∂v- kv-Ym-]n-°p-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Cu- kv-Ym-]-\-bpw- A-_- ]p-cp-j-Xz-hpw- D-s≠-∂v- k-Ω-Xn-°-Ww.- A-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- X-≈-
≤w-X-s∂.- C-©o¬- F-∂- ]p-Xp-\n-b-aw- F-gp-X-s∏-´- Im-e-hpw- sb- k-t¥m-jn-∏n-°m-\m-bn- ]n-≈-bn¬- hm¬-keyw- Im-Wn-
{]-am-Wa - m-°n- F-Sp-°s - ∏-´- Im-eh- pw- A-Xn-s≥-d- \n-eb - pw- C∂n- t°-≠- D-]m-bw- {In-kv-Xp- {]-h¿-Øn-®pw- C-cn-°p-∂p-.- (a-Øm.-
∂-{]-Im-c-am-sW-∂v- "Xr-»n-h-t]-cq¿'- ssZ-h-]p-{X¿-°v- k-Ωm- 19˛14).- X-\n-°v- X-s∂-bpw- X-e-sh-∏m≥- kv-Y-e-an-√m-sX- (a-Øm.-
\n-°-s∏-´- k-Ωm-\-°p-dn-∏n¬- Im-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-Xp-Iƒ- 8˛20)- Im-ew- I-gn-®- ]p-cp-j≥- `m-cy-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn- In-S-°m-\pw-
F-√mw- ]n¬-Im-e- te-J-\-߃- B-I-sIm-≠v- hn-izm-k-tbm- k-t¥m-jn-°m-\pw- D-≠m-Ip-∂- _p≤n-ap-´v- B-tem-Nn-®v- `m-cy-
Ky-a-s√-∂v- skm-ssk-‰n- Xm-\pw- k-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p.- bp-am-bn- sI-´n-®p-g-e-≠m- F-∂v- sh-®-Xv- D-Ø-aw- F-∂-√m-sX-
10.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ tb-ip- a-cn-s®-¶n-epw- aq-∂mw- \mƒ- Pohn- {]-tXy-I-X- H-∂pw- C-√.-
®p-b¿-Øp.- 12.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ kp-µ-cn-I-fm-b- kv-{Xo-I-fn-epw- kp-K-\v-[-
Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- tam-Sn-sIm-≠v- tam-Sn-bm-°¬- B-Ip-∂p.- ß-fn-epw- B-Ip-∂p- X-\n-°v- k-t¥m-j-sa-∂v- ap-l-Ω-Zp-(\-_n)-
Po-hn-®p-b¿-Øv- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-X-√m-sX- k-z¬-]-_p-≤n-bp-≈- G-‰p-]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.-
A¬-]-\n-epw- sX-fn-bp-∂-X-√.- `m-cy-`¿-Øm-°-∑m-cp-sS- kw- Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xp-]m-sem-gn-bm-Ø- tN-em-Ip-∂p.- B-Zy- ]p-
tbmK- k-{º-Zm-b-Øn¬- ]-d-™p-tIƒ-°p-∂p.- Po-hn-®p-b¿-Øp cp-j-s≥-d- kp-J-k-t¥m-j-߃-°v- ap-Jy- ]m-{X-am-°n- ssZ-hw-
F∂v- in-jy¿- am-{Xw- ]-d-bp-∂p.- I-≠-Xm-b- A-\y- km-£n- kz¿-K-Øn¬- I¬-]n-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv- kv-{Xo- {]-P-sb- B-Ip-∂p.-
Im¨-am≥- C-√.- `m-cy-bp-sS- G-I- sam-gn-sb- _-es - ∏-Sp-Øn- Ah- A-Xn-∂-\p-k-cn-®v- ku-`m-Ky-ap-≈- kv-{Xo-I-fn-epw- B-Xv-am-hn\v-
fn-ep-≈- K¿-`w- a-cn-®- `¿-Xr-Zm-\-sa-∂v- Po-hn-®p-b¿-Øn-b-Xn-s\- k-t¥mjw- sIm-Sp-°p-∂- kp-K-\v-[-ß-fn-epw- B-Ip-∂p- X-s≥d-
D-d-∏n-°mw,- A-∂v- a-cn-®-Xpw- i-cn-bm-sW-∂v- h-cp-Ømw.- k-t¥m-j-sa-∂v- ]-d-™-Xv- sX-‰m-sW-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- sN-dp-_p-
11.- skm-ssk-‰n-˛:- \m-en¬- A-[n-Iw- `m-cy-am¿- B-hm-sa-∂v- ≤n-X-s∂.- {In-kv-Xp- Xm-\pw- ]-cn-a-f- ssX-e-Øn-epw- kv-{Xo-bn-
ssZ-hw- X-\n-°v- A-\p-h-Zn-s®-∂v- ap-l-Ω-Zp-(\-_n)- ]-d-I-bpw- epw- k-t¥m-j-s∏-´p- kv-{Xo-I-sf-sIm-≠v- ssX-ew- ]q-in-∏n-®p--
A-[n-Iw- `m-cy-am-sc- ]-cn-{K-ln-°-bpw- A-h-cn¬- c-kn-®v- Im-ew- (a-Øm.- 27˛7 ap-X¬).-
I-gn-°p-I-bpw-sN-bv-Xp.- tb-ip- \-∑-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠v- k-©-cn-®p.- 13.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ t]m-‰p- a-I-s≥-d- `m-cy- ssk-\-_- F-∂-
Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- tXm-≠n- Xo-≠¬- B-Ip-∂p.- {In-kv-Xp-hn- h-fp-sS- A-g-Iv- I-≠v- tam-ln-®v- ap-l-Ω-Zp-\-_n-A-h-sf- Xs≥-d-
s≥-d- Aw-_-ta-cn-sb- ap-l-Ω-Zp-\-_n- `m-cy-bm-°n- ]-cn-{K-ln-°p- `m-cy-bm-°n.-
sa-∂v- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- ]-d-bp-∂-Xv- tIƒ-°p-tºmƒ- D-≠m-Ip-∂- Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- kz-¥- G-´n-se- ]m-´m-Ip-∂p.- t]m-‰p-a-
Pf-Xzw- Im-c-W-am-bn- Cu- B-t£-]w- ]-d-bp-∂-Xm-Ip-∂p.- `mcy- I\pw- a-cp-a-I-\pw- A-\y- ]p-{X≥- A-√m-sX- X-\p-P≥- B-Ip-∂-
D-≠m-h¬- \-_n-kv-Ym-\-Øn-\v- `w-K-am-sW-∂v- [-cn-∏n-®m¬- ]-d- X-s√-∂pw- B-Sv- B-fm-Ip-∂-X-s√-∂pw- N-Wv-Um-f-\pw- A-dn-bp-
bm-Xn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-≈- A¬-]-_p-≤n-bm-Ip-∂p.- k-tem-tam≥,- Zm- ∂p.- X-e-sXm-´- A-∏-s\-∂pw- t\¿-®-bm-sS-∂pw- ]-d-™p ap-X-
ho-Zv,- A-{_-l-mw,- tam-i- F-∂o- \-_n-am¿-°pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n- en-\pw- ]m-]-]p-Wy-߃-°pw- A-h-Im-in-I-fm°p-∂- A-Pv-Rm-
°pw- ssZ-hw- H-∂p-X-s∂- B-I-sIm-≠v- ap≥- \-_n-Iƒ-°pw- \m-Nm-cw- C-kv-emw- a-X-Øn¬- C-√.- a-\p-jy-]p-{X-\m-b- {In-kv-
A-\p-h-Zn-®-Xp-t]m-se- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-°pw- A-\p-h-Zn-®-Xm-sW- Xp-hn-s\- ssZ-h] - p-{X-\m-°n-bpw- B-´n-s\- ]p-Wy-hm-f\
- m-°n-bpw-
∂v- A-dn-b-Ø-°- ssh-`-hw- C-√m-Xm-b-Xn-\m¬- hy-k-\n-°-Ww.- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂-h¿- t]m-‰p-a-I≥- F-∂pw- kz-¥-a-I≥- F-∂pw-
-{In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d- I-p-e-]n-Xm-hpw- {In-kv-Xp- A-h-Im-iw-]-d-™- D≈- hy-Xy-kv-X-X- A-dn-bp-∂-X-√.-
knw-lm-k-\-]-Xn-bpw- B-b- Zm-ho-Zv- \-_n-°v- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂- ]e- t]m-‰p-a-I-s≥-d- `m-cy- X-\p-P-s≥-d- `m-cy-°v- Xp-ey-am-Ip-∂p.-
`m-cy-am¿-°v- ]p-d-sa- "b-dp-i-te-an¬- sh-®v- A-\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-´- `m- F-¶n¬- t]m-‰p- a-I-s≥-d- Aw-_- X-s≥-d- `m-cy-°v- k-aw- B-th-
cy-am¿'-- (2˛mw- i-ap-sh.-- 5,-13)- F-{X- F-∂pw- `m-cy-am-cn¬- c-kn-°- Ww.- A-Xv- B-Ip-∂-X-√.- a-I≥- F-∂p- ]-d-™-Xn-\m¬- a-I-\m-
b-√m-sX- Zm-ho-Zv- \-_n-°pw- a-‰p-\-_n-am¿-°pw- D-≠m-bn-cp-∂- bn-Øo-cp-∂p- F-¶n¬- `m-cy- F-∂v- ]-d-™-Xn-\m¬- `m-cy-bpw-
B-h-iyw- F-¥v- F-∂pw- Hm¿-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv- _p-≤n-Iq¿-Ωbm- B-I-Ww,- A-Xpw- B-Ip-∂-X-√- F-∂o- hy-Xy-kv-X-X-bpw- t]m‰p-
bn-cn-°mw.- a-I≥- A-\y≥-X-s∂- F-∂p-≈- ]-c-am¿-∞-X-bpw- kv-Ym-]n-∏m-
{In-kv-Xp- Xm-\pw- kv-{Xo-I-fn¬- c-kn-°m-Ø- ]pcp-j-\m-bn- \m-bn- t]m-‰p- a-I-s≥-d- `m-cy-sb- X-\n-°v- `m-cy-bm-°p-hm≥-
cp-∂p- F-∂v- ]-db - p-∂X- m-bm¬- A-Xpw- A-dn-hn-√m-bva - b
- n¬- tN¿- D≠mb- I¬-]-\- {]-Im-cw- `m-cy- B-°n-b-Xm-Ip-∂p.- C-Xv- Ip-‰-
°-s∏-Spw.- F-¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬- ]q¿-Æ\ - m-b- a-\p-jy≥- BsW- I-c-am-Ip-∂-X-√.-

kv-s]-jy¬- ]-Xn-∏v-
 2004 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 73

F-∂m¬- {In-kX v- p-hn-s≥-d- Ip-e]- n-Xm-hm-b- "tem-Øv'- X-s≥d- B≥- {]-Im-cw- "ssZ-h- B-Pv-R'- F-∂¿-∞-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p-sh-∂v-
a-I-sf- ]-cn-{K-ln-®-Xn¬- (sb-lq-Zm-s≥-d- I-Sn-™q¬- ]p-{X-\m- 13,- 14 kw-h¬-k-c-߃-°v- ap-ºv- "Xr-in-h-t]-cq¿- {In-kv-Xo-b-
b- G¿- F-∂-h-s≥-d- `m-cy- Xm-am¿- F-∂-h-sf- sb-lq-Zm- ]-cn-{K- hm-b-S-∏v'- F-s∂-gp-Xn-b- te-J-\-Øn¬- hn-h-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-
ln-®v- K¿-`w- D-≠m-bn.- D¬-]-Øn.-- 38:-18)- D-≠m-b- k-¥m-\-Øn¬- Xm-Xv- {]-am-W-sØ- B-[m-c-am-°p-∂- ]-£w- A-Xm-Xn-s≥-d- hym-
ta-cn-bpw- ta-cn-bn¬- {In-kv-Xp-hpw- P-\n-®p-.- {In-kv-Xp-hn-s≥-d- tKm- Jym-\-ß-sf- tc-J-bm-°p-∂-Xv- D-Ø-aw- F-∂v- I-≠p-]-T-n-°m-
{X-]n-Xm-hm-b- "sb-lq-Zm'- F-∂-h≥- kz-¥-a-I-s≥-d- `m-cy-bp-sS- \m-bn- Rm≥- ss_-_nƒ- tc-J-I-sf-Ø-s∂- km-£n-bm-°n-h-
\-Kv-\-X- I-≠p.- A-hƒ- K¿-`w- [-cn-®p.- (tem-Øv- kz-¥-a-°- cp-∂p.- 14 kw-h-Xv-k-c-߃-°v- ap-ºv- sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂- ]m-Tw-
fmb- aq-Ø-h-fn-epw- C-f-b-h-fn-epw- {]-th-in-®p,- C-cp-h¿-°pw- s]-s´∂p- a-d∂ - v- G-´n-se- ]m-´p-Xs - ∂- ]m-Sp-∂X- v- _m-en-i- kn≤m-
K¿`w- D-≠m-bn (D¬-]-Øn- 19,- 33 ap-X¬- 37h-sc).-- Cu- h-j-f- ¥-am-Ip-∂p.-
Xzw- H-∂pw- Hm¿-°m-sX- \n- m-c-am-b- Cu- kw-K-Xn- ]-d-™-Xv- 16.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ ap-l-Ω-Zp-(\-_n)-bp-sS- `m-cy- B-bn-im-
hn-th-I-tZm-jw-X-s∂.- F-∂-hƒ- Zp¿-∂-S-∏p-Im-cn-bm-Ip-∂p.-
14.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ ap-l-Ω-Zp-(\-_n)- a-cn-®v- `q-an-bn¬- A-S- Sn.- X-߃-:˛- C-Xv- N-WvU - m-f_
- p-≤n-bm-Ip-∂p.- sX-fn-hpw- \ym
ßn.- {In-kv-Xp- Po-h-t\m-Sn-cn-°p-∂p.- In-bm-a-Øv- \m-fn¬- hn-kv- b-hp-an-√m-Ø- tXm-∂n-bh - m-k- kw-km-cw-sIm-≠v- _-lp-P\ - s
- Ø-
X-cn-°m≥- h-cp-sa-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- X-s∂- ]-d-bp-∂p.- tIm-]-Øn-em-°n- C-f-°m≥- H-cp-ßn-b-Xv- _p-≤n-tZm-jw-X-s∂.-
Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- N-°-c-sIm-≠v- N-{I-ap-≠m-°¬- B-Ip- D-≈-sa-√mw- C-cp-fm-bn- In-S-°p-∂-Xn¬- k¿-°m¿- \n-b-aw-t]m-
∂p.- B-´n-\pw- \m-b-°pw- t\¿-®- sIm-Sp-°m-sa-∂v- Jp¿-B-\n¬- epw- Im-Wm-Xm-b-Xn¬- hy-k-\n-°-Ww.- B-Zmw- ]p-{X¿- C-{X-
h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p- F-∂v- ]-d-bp-∂- a-q-VX-t]m-se- C-cn-°p-∂p.- tØm-fw- sN-Ip-Øm-\n¬- Io-g-S-ßn-°-m-Wp-∂-Xn¬- k-¶-S-s∏-
{InkvX - p- Po-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p,- Im-em-hk - m-\w-hc- pw- F-∂p-≈- Jp¿- ´n-cn-°b - √
- m-sX- Ip-‰I- c- a- m-b- Cu- A-]I - o¿-Øn- {]-tbm-KØ - n¬-
B≥- h-N-\-sØ- _-e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p-sh-¶n¬- h-cp-hm-\p-≈- B- Rm≥- hy-k-\n-°p-∂n-√.- {]-Xn-hm-Z-Øn-\v- H-cp-ßp-∂pw- C-√m-
h-iyw- C-∂-sX-∂v- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂-Xn-s\-bpw- _-e-s∏-Sp- F-∂m¬- \n-߃- skm-ssk-‰n-°p-≈- _p-≤n-hn-ti-jX - b
- pw- a\p-
tØ-≠-Xv- A-h-Im-i-ap-d-bm-Ip-∂p.- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂- B-h- jy- Kp-W-ß-sf- ]-Tn-∏n-°m≥- A-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂- \n-߃-°p-
iyw- Fs¥-∂m¬,- X-Xv-k-a-bw- hn-tcm-[n-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- c-£n-∏m- ≈- th-Zm-[m-c- Kp-W-tØ-bpw- P-\w- A-dn-™n-cn-∏m≥- th-≠n-
\m-bn- {Inkv-Xp-hn-s\- Im-Wm-Xm-°n-b-Xp-sIm-≠v- a-c-Wm-h-Im- {]-kv-Xm-hn-®-Xm-Ip-∂p.- tZ-i-ap-k¬-am-\¿- \o-N-P-\-tØm-f-sa-
iw- \n-d-th-‰m-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- B-I-bm¬- sIm-e-s∏-Sp-Ø-n- k-t¥m- ¶n-epw- A-£-cm-`ym-k-Øn¬- F-Æ-s∏-Sm-sX- A-\y-cn¬- B{i-
jn-®-h-cpw- sIm-√-s∏-´-Xn¬- k-t¥m-jn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-b- hn-tcm- bn-®pw- k-ºm-Zyw- sIm-Sp-Øp- hm-s]m-Øn- A-t]-£n-®pw- bmNn-
[n-Iƒ- c-≠pw- tI-h-ew- \-in-®p- sIm-e-s∏-´n-´n-s√-∂p-≈- hm- ®pw- Im-ew- I-gn-°p-∂- tZm-jw- ]-e- Zq-jy-߃-°pw- Im-c-W-am
kv-X-h-Øn¬- hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂- _-\v-[p-hm-b- ap-kv-enw-Iƒ- Ip-∂p.- Cu- h-I-- \-S-]-Sn-bn¬- k-t¥m-j-hpw- A-Xv- Nq-≠n-∏-d
tem-I- hn-Pb - ∑ - m-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂- Im-ew- tb-ip- _-\v[ - p-P\ - Ø
- n¬- bp-∂-Xn¬- ap-jn-∏pw- I-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn¬- hy-k-\n-°p-∂p.-
Im-W-s∏-´pw- Pohn-®n-cp-∂- a-c-Wm-h-Im-i-sØ- \n-d-th-‰n-bpw- 17.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ k-I-e- \-_n-I-fn-epw- G-‰-hpw- h-en-b-h-
`q-X\- n¿-am-Wa - m-b- tZ-lw- e-bn-®v- `q-Xmw-iß - ƒ- A-Xm-Xn¬- tN¿- \pw- H-Sp-hn-e-Ø-h-\pw- Cu-km- \-_n-bm-Ip-∂p.- Xm≥- aq-ew-am
∂v- ]q¿-Øn-bm-tI-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p - F-∂-√m-sX- hn-kv-X-cn-°m≥- {Xw- c-£-bp-≈q- F-∂p- {In-kv-Xo-b¿- hm-Zn-°p-∂p.- (ta-∏-Sn- 5˛mw-
A-√.- hn-kv-Xm-cm-[n-Im-cw- k¿-∆-i-Iv-X-\n¬- C-cn-°p-∂p.- hn- \-{ºv- {Sm-Iv-S,-v- c-≠mw- `m-Kw- 5˛mw-h-cn).-
tcm-[n-I-fm¬- - sIm-√-s∏-´-h≥- - hn-kv-Xm-cm-[n-Im-cn-bm-hm≥-
Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ k-Xy-sØ- an-Yy- P-bn-°p-∂-X-√m.- sl-!- tbm-
\ym-b-an-√.-
Ky-cm-b- skm-ssk-‰n-°m-tc-!- \n-߃-°v- k-emw.- A-\m-h-iy-
15.- skm-ssk-‰n-:-˛ I-en-a-Øp-≈- (ssZ-h-h-N-\w)- F-∂pw- hm-Z-߃- D-t]-£n-°-Ww.- k-Xy-kz-cq-]-s≥-d- k-Xy-sØ- kv-
dp-lp-≈- (ssZ-h- BXv-am-hv)- F-∂pw- "\n-km'- F-∂- kq-d-Øn¬- Ym-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬- k-tµ-lw- th-≠m.- ssZ-hw- a-lm- i-Iv-Xn-bp-
]-d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.- ≈-h≥- A-√-tbm?- A-h≥- {In-kv-Xo-b- hm-Z-sØ- {In-kv-Xo-b-
Sn.- X-߃-:-˛ C-Xv- Ip-´n-I-fp-sS- ssIsIm-´n-°-fn-bm-Ip-∂p.- skm-ssk-‰n- B-b- \n-ßs - f-s°-m≠ - p-Xs- ∂- A-dp-∏n-®p.- F-s≥d-
"dq-lp-≈'- F-∂- \m-a-Øn-\p-≈- A¿-∞w- ssZ-hm-Xv-am-hm-sW- hm-Z-sØ- D-d-∏n-®p.- lm-!- A-h-s≥-d- a-ln-a-sb- a-\p-jy-\-dn-bp-
∂v- ssZ-hh - n-izm-kn-If - n¬- H-cp- aq-V\- pw- ]-db
- p-∂X - √- m.- F∂m¬- ∂n-√m.- Xm≥- F-gp-Xp-∂-Xpw- ]-d-bp-∂-Xpw- C-∂-sX-∂v- A-dn-
dq-lp- F-∂-Xv- ssZ-h- B-Pv-R-bm¬- D-≈-Xm-Ip-∂sIm-≠v- Jp¿- bp-∂- i-Iv-Xn- X-Xv-k-a-bw- \n-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- \o-°n-°-f-bp-∂-Xv-

kv-s]-jy¬- ]-Xn-∏v-
 2004 sk-]v-‰w-_¿- 74
F-{X- A-Xn-i-bw-!- {In-kv-Xp- \-_n-I-fn¬- h-en-b-h-\m-sW-∂v- bp-t≠m?- A-l-¶m-cw- H-gn-®v- ssZ-h- D-t±-i-tØm-Sv- tbm-Pn-°q.-
(h-en-b- \-_n- B-sW-∂v)- \n-߃- skm-ssk-‰n- kv-Y-m-]n-®- {In-kv-Xphn-s\-°mƒ- h-en-b- \-_n- ap-l-Ω-Zp-\-_n-bm-sW-
tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn- {In-kv-Xo-b¿- C-∆n-[w- hm-Z-n-°p-∂p- F-∂pw- {]-kn- ∂v- tam-im- ]-d-™-Xn-s\- sX-fn-bn-®p-d-∏n-®-Xm-b- "{In-kv-Xo-b-
≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn¬- Rm≥- G-‰-hpw- k-t¥m-jn°p-∂p.- F-s≥d- a-\-]q¿-∆- tam-j-Ww'- "ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-b-h-Im-i- t]m-j-Ww'-
b-Xv\- w- ap-gp-hs
- \- ^-en-®p.- \n-ßf
- n-Xn-s\- am-‰m-sX-bpw- \n-߃- F-∂- te-J-\-hpw- F-t∂-°mƒ- h-en-b- \-_n- ap-l-Ω-Zp-\-_n-
am-dm-sX-bpw- C-cn-∏m-\m-bn- {]-tXy-Iw- \n-ß-tfm-Sv- A-t]-£n- bm-sW-∂v- {In-kv-Xp-Xm≥- ]-d-™-Xn-s\- sX-fn-bn-®v- D-d-∏n-®-
°p-∂p.- Xm-b- "]m¿-°-eo-Øm- t]m¿-°-fw'- F-∂- te-J-\-hpw- {]-kn-≤-
ssZ-hw- {Xn-tb-I-s\-∂v- kv-]-jv-Sw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xpw- \n-ß- s∏-´pw,- ]-Øv- sIm-√-am-bn-´v- F-Xn-cn-√m-°-f-Øn¬- _-e-s∏-´pw-
fp-sS- kp-hn-ti-j-Øn¬- H-‰-bm-bn- \n-∂n-cp-∂-Xp-am-b- tbm-l- C-cn-°p-∂p.- C-ß-s\- F-√m- h-gn-°pw- sX-fn-™n-cn-°p-∂- Ckv-
∂m-s≥-d- H-∂mw- te-J-\-Øn¬- A-©n¬- G-gmw- h-N-\w- \n¿- emw- a-X-tØm-Sv- X-Xv-k-a-bw- kn-≤m-¥n-®v- \n¬-°p-∂p- F-¶n¬-
Ωn-X-sa-∂v- I-tTm-c- Ip-Tm-cw- h-gn-bm-bn- \n-ß-sf- [-cn-∏n-®-Xn¬- a-\p-jym-hI- m-i- {]-Im-cw- Xm-ak
- n-bm-sX- k-Xy-Øn¬- h-cp-sa∂v-
\n-ß-fpw- aw-K-em-]p-cw- ap-X¬-°p-≈- skm-ssk-‰n-I-fpw- B- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p.-
h-N-\w- Xn¿-Ωn-X-sa-∂v- tbm-Pn-®v- {]-am-W-Øn¬- \n-∂v- \o-°n- {In-kv-Xo-b- k-tl-m-Z-c-∑m-sc-!- k-tlm-Z-cn-I-sf-!- a-Xv-k-c-hpw-
°-f-™p- (a-Iv-Xn- X-߃- B-tLm-jw- a-io-lm- a-X- aq-e- \m- kn-≤m-¥-hpw- ss]-im-Nn-I- kz-`m-h-am-sW-∂v- \n-߃- A-dn-
iw- F-∂- te-J-\w- km-£n)- C-Xn-\m¬- {Xo-tb-Iw- \-in-®p.- bp-∂p.- A-Xp-I-sf- D-t]-£n-®v- kz-¥- B-Xv-am-°-fn¬- kv-t\-
c≠m-a-sØ- hm-Zw- {In-kv-Xp- aq-∂n¬- H-∂pw- ssZ-h- ]p-{X-\pw- l-ap-≈-h-cm-bn- kz¿-§m-[n-Im-cn-bm-b- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bn¬- k-
A-√m,- a-\p-jy-\pw- {]-[m-\- \-_n-bpw- B-Ip-∂p- F-∂m-bn-cp- t¶-Xw- {]m-]n-°p-I.- c-£- F-∂-Xv- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-bn¬- C-cn-
∂p.- A-Xn-te-°v- H-∂mw- Xo-sam- ˛ c-≠n¬- A-©mw- h-N-\- °p-∂p- F-∂v- k-Xy-kz-cq-]-\pw- Z-bm-ep-hp-am-b- X-ºp-cm≥- ]-e-
sØ- Rm≥- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Øn- h-∂-Xn¬- "a-\p-jy-\m-b- tb- {]-Im-tc-W- A-dn-bn-®pw- \n-ß-fp-sS- {]-hr-Øn-Iƒ-sIm-≠v- \n-
ip'- F-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂- hm-Iy-sØ- B- h-N-\-Øn¬-\n-∂v- \n- ß-sf- t_m-[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bpw- h-cp-∂-Xn¬- \n-߃- B-tem-Nn-
߃- \o-°n- \n-ß-fp-sS- hm-Z-sØ- ho-≠pw- D-d-∏n-°m≥- H-cp- °m-Ø-Xv- F-{X- I-jv-Sw-!- k-Xy-k-z-cq-]≥- \n-ß-fn¬- I-cp-W-bp-
ßn- F-¶n-epw- k¿-∆-i-Iv-X≥- \n-ß-fn¬- tbm-Pn-°m-sX- {In-kv- ≈-h-\m-bn- \n-ß-sf- k-Xy-am¿-Km-Nm-cn-I-fm-°n- c-£n-°p-am-dm-
Xp- h-en-b- \-_n- X-s∂- F-∂v- \n-ß-sf-s°-m-≠v- {]-kn-≤-s∏- I-s´.- B-ao≥.-
Sp-Øn-®p.- k-Xy-sØ- D-d-∏n-®p.- k-Xy- kn-≤m-¥n-bm-b- ssZ-h-
tØm-Sv- F-Xn¿-Øv- \n¬-°m≥- sl-!- a-\p-jym,- \n-\-°v- i-Iv-Xn-

\o- hm-bn-°-p-I-
P-ao-e- C-{_m-lnw-
I-hn-X-

hn-Pv-Rm-\- hn-lm-bp- n¬- Jp¿-B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-

D-b¿-∂p-]-d-°p-hm≥- hm-bn-°m≥-,- ]-Tn-°p-hm≥-.-
Xp-Sn-°pw-- am-\-k-߃- A-Pv-Rm-\w- X-f-®n-´-
Xp-d-°q- hn-Pv-Rm-\-Øn≥- A-\v-[-Im-c-Øn¬- X-∏n-˛
A-£-b-J-\n-bm-b- Ø-S-bp-t∂m¿-s°-s∂-∂pw-
th-Z-{K-\v-Y-amw- Jp¿-B≥-.- sh-fn-®w- \¬-Ipw- {K-\v-Yw.-
""\o- hm-bn-°p-I,- \n-s∂- hm-b-\,- b-dn-hn-te-
kr-jv-Sn-®-h-\mw- \n-s≥-d- °p-s≈m-cp- h-m-Xm-b-\w.--
\m-Y≥-X≥- \m-a-Øn¬''- Pv-Rm-\-Øn≥- {]-`-b-Xv-
F-∂m-Zy-am-bn- \-_n-tbm-Sv- Xp-d-∂m¬- Im-Wm-am¿-°pw.--
{k-jv-Sm-hn≥-I¬-]-\- \mw- hn-kv-a-b-ß-fn-te-sd-
Im-Wp-∂p- Jp¿-B-\n¬.- hn-kv-a-b-am-Wo- {K-\v-Yw!--
Xn-cp-Zq-X-cn-eq-sS- A-Xy-p-Zm-c-\mw- \m-Y≥-
am-\-h-Ip--e-tØm-Spw- \¬-In-b- h-c-Zm-\w.--

kv-s]-jy¬- ]-Xn-∏v-