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    Mpsi Test Chine 2

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    evantaozhang
    The document is the test for entrance to the MPSI class in 2005. It contains 8 math problems of increasing difficulty. Calculators are not permitted and solutions must be written in French. The problems cover topics like geometry, number theory, combinatorics, and trigonometry.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Mpsi Test Chine 2

    Uploaded by

    evantaozhang
    574 views2 pages
    The document is the test for entrance to the MPSI class in 2005. It contains 8 math problems of increasing difficulty. Calculators are not permitted and solutions must be written in French. The problems cover topics like geometry, number theory, combinatorics, and trigonometry.

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    MPSI TEST CHINE 2

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    The document is the test for entrance to the MPSI class in 2005. It contains 8 math problems of increasing difficulty. Calculators are not permitted and solutions must be written in French. The problems cover topics like geometry, number theory, combinatorics, and trigonometry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    574 views2 pages

    Mpsi Test Chine 2

    Uploaded by

    evantaozhang
    The document is the test for entrance to the MPSI class in 2005. It contains 8 math problems of increasing difficulty. Calculators are not permitted and solutions must be written in French. The problems cover topics like geometry, number theory, combinatorics, and trigonometry.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    MPSI Class Entrance Test 2005

    Test time：4 hours


    English version
    The following exercises can be solved independently and done in any order. The question are listed from
    easiest to most difficult. Calculators are not permitted. Solutions should be written in French.

    1. Let ABC be a triangle and C ′ the midpoint of [AB]. Compare AC+BC and C C ′ .
    【題目中譯】令△ABC 是一個三角形，且 C ′ 是 AB 邊上的中點，試比較 AC + BC 和 CC ′ 的大小。
    【參考解答】將 CC ′ 延長一倍至 D 點，使 DC ′ ＝ CC ′ ，連 AD 、 BD ，
    則四邊形 ADBC 為平行四邊形 ⇒ AD ＝ BC
    由三角不等式可得 AC ＋ AD >2 CC ′ > CC ′ 。

    2. Knowing that 30 ∉ Q , show that 2 + 3 + 5 ∉ Q , where Q is the set of rational numbers.


    【題目中譯】已知 30 ∉ Q ，Q 是有理數集合，試證： 2 + 3 + 5 ∉ Q 。
    【參考解答】設 2 + 3 + 5 = r ∈ Q ，則 ( 2 + 3 ) 2 = ( r − 5 ) 2
    ⇒ 5 + 2 6 = r 2 − 2 5r + 5 ⇒ ( 2 6 + 2 5r ) 2 = ( r 2 ) 2
    r 4 − 20r 2 − 24
    ⇒ 24+ 8 30r + 20r 2 = r 4 ⇒ 30 =
    8r
    r 4 − 20r 2 − 24
    Qr ∈Q ∴ ∈ Q ，與 30 ∉ Q 矛盾，則假設不成立，∴ 2 + 3 + 5 ∉Q ，
    8r
    故得證。

    3. The integer part of a real number x, denoted by E(x), is the largest integer that is less or equal
    to x. For example, E( π )=3, E(- π )=-4. Solve the equation E(2x+1)=E(x+4).
    【題目中譯】設 E(x)是小於或等於一實數 x 的最大整數，例如：E( π )=3, E(- π )=-4，試解：
    E(2x+1)=E(x+4)方程式的解。
    【參考解答】2.5 ≤ x<3.5
    E(2x+1)=E(x+4) ⇒ E(2x)+1=E(x) +4 ⇒ E(2x)=E(x) +3
    ⎧ 2n 當n ≤ x < n+ 0 .5 ⎧n 當n ≤ x < n+ 0 .5
    又Q E(2x)= ⎨ 且 E(x)= ⎨
    ⎩ 2n + 1 當n + 0 .5 ≤ x < n+1 ⎩n 當n + 0 .5 ≤ x < n+1
    ⎧ n 當n ≤ x < n+ 0 .5
    ∴ E(2x)-E(x)= ⎨ =3 因此 2.5 ≤ x<3.5
    ⎩n + 1 當n + 0 .5 ≤ x < n+1
    4. Let n ≥ 3 be a integer and set E={1,2,..,n}.
    (a)Find the number of ways to choose a pair { a, b } of distinct and non consecutive integers
    from the set E.
    (b)Let p ≤ n / 2 be an integer. Find the number of subset of E of cardinal p that contains no
    consecutive integer.
    【題目中譯】設 n 是正整數，n ≥ 3，且集合 E={1,2,..,n}，
    (a)請求出 E 中子集合{a, b}的個數，其中 a, b 互異且不連續？
    (b)令 p ≤ n / 2 ，且 p 是整數，試找出 E 中含 p 個元素的子集合個數，其中所有元素
    為不連續整數？
    n( n − 1) ( n − 1)( n − 2)
    【參考解答】(a) C 2n －(n－1)= − ( n − 1) = = C 2n−1
    2 2
    (b)在E中任取不連續p個由小到大元素a1,..,ap，令x1,..,xp+1為 0,a1,..,ap,n+1 中介在
    相鄰兩數之間，在 E 中未選取的元素個數，則
    x1＋…＋xp+1=n－p且x1 ≥ 0,x2 ≥ 1,..,xp ≥ 1,xp+1 ≥ 0
    1
    ⇒ x1＋…＋xp+1=n－p－(p－1)=n－2p+1 且x1,x2,..,xp+1 ≥ 0
    ⇒ 由重複排列可得本題所求＝ H np−+21p+1 ＝ C nn−−2pp++11 = C np− p+1

    5. Let n ≥ 2 be an integer. We note d(n) the number of divisors of n (in N * )


    α α α
    (a)We write the factorization of n as a product of primes：n= P1 1 P2 2 L Pr r
    where P1< P2<…< Pr are prime numbers and α 1 , α 2 ,..., α r integers. Calculate d(n) in terms
    of α 1 , α 2 ,..., α r .
    (b)When is d(n) odd？
    (c)The sequence (nk)k ≥ 0 is defined by：
    n0 = n and ∀ k ∈ N , nk +1 = d ( nk )
    Find all the integers n such that the set { nk , k ∈ N } contains no square.
    【題目中譯】設 n 為整數，且 n ≥ 2，d(n)定義為 n 的正因數個數
    α α α
    (a)若n表為質因數分解式n= P1 1 P2 2 L Pr r ，其中P1< P2<…< Pr皆為質數，且 α 1 , α 2 ,..., α r 為整數，
    試計算d(n)的值？
    (b)當 n 為何數時，d(n)為奇數？
    (c)若定義數列(nk)k ≥ 0 為n0=n，nk+1=d(nk)， ∀ k ∈ N ，試找出所有的整數n，使得集合{nk}內的
    元素不包含完全平方數？
    【參考解答】(a)d(n)=( α 1 +1)( α 2 +1)…( α r +1)。
    (b)當 α 1 ,α 2 ,..., α r 為偶數，即 n 為完全平方數時，d(n)為奇數。
    (c)n 必為質數。

    6. Let n ≥ 1 be an integer. Suppose that we can find 2k distinct positive integers such that the
    2n − 3
    sums a1+b1,…, ak+bk are all distinct and strictly less than n. Prove that k ≤ .
    5
    【題目中譯】設n為正整數，假定我們可以找到 2k個相異的正整數a1,…, ak及b1,…,bk使得a1+b1,…,
    2n − 3
    ak+bk 亦為相異且嚴格小於n，試證明k ≤ 。
    5
    【參考解答】1.根據題意，可得n ≥ 4(即k=1 時，取a1=1,b1=2, 則a1+b1=3< n)
    n − 1 2n − 3
    2.又 3k ≤ n-1 ⇒ k ≤ ≤ [Q n ≥ 4 ⇒ 5(n-1) ≤ 3(2n-3)] 故得證。
    3 5

    7. The plane is painted with two colors. Show that we can always find an isosceles right triangle
    whose vertex have the same color.
    【題目中譯】若平面上的點只用兩種顏色塗色，試證明我們總可以找到一個等腰直角三角形它
    的頂點有相同的顏色。
    【參考解答】1.試考慮右圖，此圖形共有 13 個頂點，任選 7 個頂點必有其中某 3 個頂點形成一
    個等腰直角三角形。
    2.Q 13 ÷ 2 = 6...1 ∴ 由鴿籠原理可知
    必有一種顏色塗了其中的至少 7 個頂點，故得證。
    8. Let n ≥ 1 be an integer. Find all real numbers x such that (cos x)n-(sin x)n=1.
    【題目中譯】令n為正整數，試找出所有實數解x，使得(cos x)n-(sin x)n=1。
    【參考解答】若n為偶數時，1 ≤ (cos x)n=(sin x)n+1 ≤ 1 ⇒ sin x=0 ⇒ x=k π ，其中k∈ Z
    若 n 為奇數時，取 n=1，cos x-sin x=1 ⇒ 兩邊平方-2 sin x cos x=0
    3π
    ⇒ sin x=0 或 cos x=0 ⇒ x=2k π 或 + 2kπ ，其中 k ∈ Z
    2
    2

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