Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease
High blood pressure is commonly seen in most people

these days. But do you know that it has a very close
connection with cardiovascular diseases? Read on to learn
about hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
Hypertensive cardiovascular disease also known as
hypertensive heart disease occurs due to the complication
of hypertension or high blood pressure. In this condition the
workload of the heart is increased manifold and with time
this causes the heart muscles to thicken. The heart
continues pumping blood against this increased pressure
and over a period of time the left ventricle of the heart
enlarges and this in turn causes the blood pumped by heart
to reduce. If proper treatment is not taken at this stage then
symptoms of congestive heart failure may be observed.
High blood pressure or hypertension is among the top
most factors associated with cardiovascular diseases.
This can result in ischemic heart disease. High blood
pressure is also a contributing factor to the eventual
thickening of walls of blood vessels. This increases the
possibility of heart attacks and strokes. Hypertensive
cardiovascular disease is among the leading killers in
present times. Around 7 people out of every 1000
suffer from this disease. Heredity is an important
factor so far as people suffering from hypertension are
concerned. Other factors include excessive
consumption of salt and excessive stress.
Symptoms
It usually takes some time for the problem of high blood

pressure to eventually lead to hypertensive cardiovascular
disease and therefore high blood pressure is often called the
silent killer. Eventually hypertensive heart disease can also lead
to congestive heart failure. Some symptoms of hypertension
and the eventual congestive heart failure include arrhythmias,
shortness of breath, weakness and fatigue, swelling in lower
extremities and greater frequency of urination during the
night. Hypertensive cardiovascular disease may also result in
ischemic heart condition and in this case there might be chest
pain, sweating and dizziness, nausea and shortness of breath.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy could also be a result of
hypertensive heart disease.
Tests
usually the first signal is elevated blood pressure

together with a possibility of enlargement of the
heart. Fluid within the lungs may also be found in
preliminary examination by using the stethoscope
and some abnormal heart sounds may also be
detected. ECG is ordinarily done and this may show
abnormal results in those who have possible
hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Evidence of
ischemia which is the lack of oxygen in the heart
muscle may also be detected. Some other tests
ordinarily conducted may include a chest X ray, a CT
scan
Treatment
The primary aim of any treatment in hypertensive cardiovascular disease is reduction of

blood pressure and then eventual control of the heart disease. The line of treatment
will ordinarily depend on the condition such as whether there is angina or acute
myocardial infarction. The line of treatment may include beta blockers, angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE), calcium channel blockers, diuretics etc depending
upon particulars of each individual case. The blood pressure is consistently required to
be checked and kept under control in this condition.
Likewise people experiencing hypertensive cardiovascular disease have to make certain

changes in their lifestyle and diet patters. These would ordinarily include weight loss
where obesity is identified, moderate exercise as per directions of the medical
professional and adjustments in the diet. These adjustments would include intake of
healthy food including vegetables, fresh fruits and low fat dairy items. Smoking is also a
contributing factor to hypertension and therefore these lifestyle changes would have to
include the patient quitting smoking. Consumption of fish, whole grains are also
recommended. In the long run the outcome largely depends on the possibility and
extent of complications. In hypertensive cardiovascular disease the treatment will
depend largely on the degree of enlargement of the left ventricle. However some
medicines such as ACE inhibitors and others can reverse this enlargement and thereby
help in improving the chances of survival in the patients in the long run.
Anatomy & Physiology
The heart's job is to pump blood around the body. The heart is located in
between the two lungs. It lies left of the middle of the chest.
The main function of the cardiovascular system is therefore to maintain
blood flow to all parts of the body, to allow it to survive. Veins deliver used
blood from the body back to the heart. Blood in the veins is low in oxygen
(as it has been taken out by the body) and high in carbon dioxide (as the
body has unloaded it back into the blood).
All the veins drain into the superior and inferior vena cava which then drain
into the right atrium. The right atrium pumps blood into the right ventricle.
Then the right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk, through the
pulmonary arteries and into the lungs. In the lungs the blood picks up
oxygen that we breathe in and gets rid of carbon dioxide, which we
breathe out.
The blood is becomes rich in oxygen which the body can use. From the
lungs, blood drains into the left atrium and is then pumped into the left
ventricle. The left ventricle then pumps this oxygen-rich blood out into the
aorta which then distributes it to the rest of the body through other
arteries.
NCP 1
SUJECTIVE:
“Bakit kaya madalas ako mahilo?” as
verbalized by the patient.
OBJECTIVE:
Request for information
Confuse
Inaccurate follow through of instructions
V/S:
T: 37.2
P: 84
R: 18
BP: 180/110
NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
( A ): Deficit knowledge related to lack of understanding
and information about the disease.
PLANNING:
After rendering nursing care interventions,
the patient will verbalize understanding of
the disease process and treatment
regimen.
INTERVENTION:
•Monitored vital sign especially blood pressure.
•Explained hypertension and its effect on the heart, blood
vessels, kidney, and brain.
•Reinforced the importance of adhering to treatment regimen
and keeping follow up appointments.
•Encouraged patient to decrease or eliminate caffeine like in
tea, coffee, cola and chocolates.
•Provided basis for understanding elevations of BP, and clarifies
misconceptions and also understanding that high BP can exist
without symptom or even when feeling well.
•Suggested frequent position changes, leg exercises when lying
down.
RATIONALE:
•Provides basis for understanding elevations of
BP, and clarifies misconceptions and also
understanding that high BP can exist without
symptom or even when feeling well.
•Lack of cooperation is common reason for failure
of antihypertensive therapy.
•Decreases peripheral venous pooling that may
be potentiated by vasodilators and prolonged
sitting or standing.
•Caffeine is a cardiac stimulant and may adversely
affect cardiac function.
•Community resources like health centers
programs and check ups are helpful in controlling
hypertension.
EVALUATION:
After rendering nursing care

interventions, the patient was able to
verbalize understanding of the disease
process and treatment regimen.
NCP 2
SUBJECTIVE:
“Nanghihina ako at madaling mapagod kya
maghapon lang akong nakahiga” as verbalized by
the patient.
OBJECTIVE:
•Body weakness
•Fatigue
•V/S:
BP=160/100
PR=55 bpm
NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
( A ): Activity Intolerance
related to body weakness.
PLANNING:
After rendering nursing care interventions, the patient will
be able to report measurable increase in energy and will
participate in necessary desired activities.
INTERVENTION:
•Assessed response to activity including pre/post v/s.

•Provided patient with positive atmosphere.
•Encouraged patient’s participation in planning of
activities.
•Assisted patient in carrying out self-care activities.
•Encouraged patient to carry out ADLs.
•Placed patient on a position of comfort.
RATIONALE:
•To identify causative factors.
• To assist pt. to deal with manage factors that
contribute to fatigue.
• To provide pt. with a sense of control.
•To improve mobility.
•To enhance motivation.
•To maintain body alignment.
EVALUATION:
After rendering nursing care interventions, the
patient was able to report measurable increase
in energy and was able to participate in
necessary desired activities.
NCP 3
SUBJECTIVE:
“Nahihilo at nanghihina ako” as verbalized by
the patient.
OBJECTIVE:
•Restlessness.
•Body malaise.
•Body weakness.
•V/S:
PR=55 bpm
NURSING
DIAGNOSIS
( A ):
Decreased cardiac output r/t altered stroke
volume.
PLANNING:
After rendering nursing care interventions, the patient’s cardiac
output will become adequate.
INTERVENTION:
•Monitored and recorded v/s.
•Assessed radial pulse
every hour and reported any deviations from the baseline.
•Reduced stressful elements, such as excessive noise in the
patient’s environment.
•Encouraged the patient to increase fluid intake and dietary fiber .
•Provided dietary
•Changed patient’s position frequently.
restrictions.
•Due medication such as metoprolol given.
RATIONALE:
•To establish baseline data.
•To monitor for arrhythmias; impending cardiac arrest.
•To help decrease arrhythmias.
•To avoid valsalvas maneuver during defecation, which can
increase heart rate and blood pressure, and decrease cardiac
output.
•To promote comfort and avoid tachycardia.
•To reduce risk of cardiac disease.
•It is a drug indicated for hypertension.
EVALUATION:
After rendering nursing care interventions, the
patient’s cardiac
output was become adequate.

Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease

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What are the symptoms of hypertensive cardiovascular disease?

What tests are usually conducted to diagnose hypertensive cardiovascular disease?

Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease

High blood pressure is commonly seen in most people

It usually takes some time for the problem of high blood

usually the first signal is elevated blood pressure

The primary aim of any treatment in hypertensive cardiovascular disease is reduction of

Likewise people experiencing hypertensive cardiovascular disease have to make certain

After rendering nursing care

•Assessed response to activity including pre/post v/s.

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