This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for concrete, including their objectives, procedures, and limitations. The main NDT methods discussed are rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and cover meter testing. Rebound hammer testing measures surface hardness to estimate strength, while pulse velocity testing measures wave propagation speed to determine density and strength. Cover meters use magnetic principles to measure reinforcement cover depth. NDT aims to assess concrete quality, homogeneity, cracking and deterioration over time in a non-invasive manner, though results can vary based on many factors and direct core testing is still needed for highly accurate strength assessment.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for concrete, including their objectives, procedures, and limitations. The main NDT methods discussed are rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and cover meter testing. Rebound hammer testing measures surface hardness to estimate strength, while pulse velocity testing measures wave propagation speed to determine density and strength. Cover meters use magnetic principles to measure reinforcement cover depth. NDT aims to assess concrete quality, homogeneity, cracking and deterioration over time in a non-invasive manner, though results can vary based on many factors and direct core testing is still needed for highly accurate strength assessment.
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for concrete, including their objectives, procedures, and limitations. The main NDT methods discussed are rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and cover meter testing. Rebound hammer testing measures surface hardness to estimate strength, while pulse velocity testing measures wave propagation speed to determine density and strength. Cover meters use magnetic principles to measure reinforcement cover depth. NDT aims to assess concrete quality, homogeneity, cracking and deterioration over time in a non-invasive manner, though results can vary based on many factors and direct core testing is still needed for highly accurate strength assessment.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for concrete, including their objectives, procedures, and limitations. The main NDT methods discussed are rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and cover meter testing. Rebound hammer testing measures surface hardness to estimate strength, while pulse velocity testing measures wave propagation speed to determine density and strength. Cover meters use magnetic principles to measure reinforcement cover depth. NDT aims to assess concrete quality, homogeneity, cracking and deterioration over time in a non-invasive manner, though results can vary based on many factors and direct core testing is still needed for highly accurate strength assessment.
Copyright:
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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NDT OF CONCRETE
1 CUBE TEST INDICATES ONLY POTENTIAL STRENGTH SUBJECT TO UNINTENTIONAL DEVIATIONS DELIBERATE DEVIATION ? NOT A TRUE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE STRUCTURE DUE TO PRESENCE OF STEEL, VOIDS, CRACKS & DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS CANNOT BE VERIFIED CAN BE ONLY PERFORMED DURING CONSTRUCTION STAGE
2 N D T - OBJECTIVES TO ESTABLISH HOMOGENEITY OF CONC. COMPARISON OF CONCRETE QUALITY w.r.t. A STANDARD DETECTION OF CRACKS, VOIDS/ OTHER IMPERFECTIONS MONITORING CHANGES IN CONCRETE WITH PASSAGE OF TIME TO ESTABLISH QUALITY OF ONE ELEMENT w.r.t. ANOTHER 3 N D T - OBJECTIVES ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING STRUCTURE FOR REHABILITATION PLANNING AS AN ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHOD IF CUBE RESULTS RAISE DOUBTS ABOUT CONCRETE QUALITY (POST MORTEM)
4 N D T - METHODS VISUAL INSPECTION REBOUND HAMMER ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY METER PENETRATION RESISTANCE PULL OUT STRENGTH COVER METER CARBONATION DEPTH CORROSION MAPPING MATURITY METER PERMEABILITY TEST RADIOGRAPHY 5 REBOUND HAMMER MOST COMMON NDT METHOD DEVELOPED IN 1948 MEASURES REBOUND HARDNESS OF CONCRETE NO THEORETICAL RELATIONSHIP AVAILABLE FOR ASSESSMENT OF STRENGTH EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REBOUND HARDNESS AND STRENGTH DEVELOPED
6 REBOUND HAMMER - GUIDELINES
CONDUCT ON SMOOTH AND UNIFORM
FACE AVOID ROUGH SPOTS, HONEY COMBS AVOID TROWELLED SURFACES THIN SECTIONS (< 100 mm) SHOULD BE BACKED UP TO AVOID DEFLECTIONS TAKE ATLEAST 15 REBOUND READINGS IN ANY ONE TEST
7 REBOUND HAMMER - GUIDELINES CALCULATE THE MEAN COMPARE DEVIATION OF READINGS FROM THE MEAN TEST IS CONSIDERED RELIABLE IF THE DEVIATION OF TEN READINGS IS NOT MORE THAN THE FOLLOWING: REBOUND VALUE 15 30 45 DEVIATION 2.5 3 3.5
8 REBOUND HAMMER - GUIDELINES USE BEST 10 READINGS FOR CALCULATING THE MEAN DETERMINE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH BY REFERRING TO REBOUND NUMBER Vs STRENGTH CHARTS AGAINST THE MEAN VALUE BEST ACCURACY ACHIEVEABLE IS WITHIN + 20%
9 FACTORS AFFECTING REBOUND VALUE TYPE OF AGGREGATES DEGREE OF COMPACTION AGE OF CONCRETE DRYNESS/WETNESS OF THE SURFACE RIGIDITY OF THE MEMBER SURFACE FINISH OF CONCRETE- MOULDED/ TROWELED MAINTENANCE OF REBOUND HAMMER INCLINATION OF THE REBOUND HAMMER TYPE OF CEMENT CARBONATION COVER 10 PULSE VELOCITY METHOD DEVELOPED IN 1940s BASED UPON PROPOGATION OF ULTRASONIC WAVES IN ELASTIC MEDIUM MEASURES VELOCITY OF PROPOGATION OF ULTRASONIC WAVES VELOCITY RELATED TO THE DENSITY OF THE MEDIUM V=(E/p)1/2 STRENGTH IS DEDUCED FROM THE DENSITY OF THE MEDIUM FREQUENCY OF WAVES USED - 20 - 150 kHz 11 PULSE VELOCITY METHOD TYPES OF TESTING METHOD DIRECT TRANSMISSION SEMI DIRECT TRANSMISSION SURFACE TRANSMISSION DIRECT TRANSMISSION METHOD IS THE BEST BUT IT REQUIRES ACCESS TO TWO OPPOSITE SIDES OF CONCRETE MEMBER
12 DIRECT TRANSMISSION
TRANSMITTER
RECEIVER 13 SEMI DIRECT TRANSMISSION
R 14 SURFACE TRANSMISSION
T R
15 PULSE VELOCITY RATINGS
QUALITY PULSE VELOCITY
km/sec Excellent > 4.6
Good 3.7 to 4.6
Fair 3.0 to 3.7 Poor 2.1 to 3.0
Very poor < 2.1
16 FACTORS AFFECTING PULSE VELOCITY DEGREE OF COUPLING PRESENCE OF REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE TEMPERATURE MOISTURE CONTENT MIX PROPORTION AGE OF CONCRETE STRESS LEVEL IN CONCRETE CONCRETE STRENGTH CAN BE PREDICTED WITHIN + 20% PROVIDED CALIBRATION CURVE IS ESTABLISHED 17 APPLICATIONS OF PULSE VELOCITY METHOD MAIN APPLICATION FOR ASSESSMENT OF CONCRETE UNIFORMITY TO ESTABLISH AREAS OF DETERIORATED CONCRETE DETECTION OF CRACKS CALCULATION OF DYNAMIC YOUNG’S MODULUS
18 COVER METER COVER IS A VERY IMPORTANT PARAMETER DICTATING DURABILITY OF CONCRETE COVER PROVIDED IS INADEQUATE MORE OFTEN THAN NOT CONVENTIONALLY PROVISION OF COVER IS CHECKED PRIOR TO CONCRETING POST FACTO ASSESSMENT OF COVER IS POSSIBLE THROUGH COVER METERS
19 COVER METER
BASED ON MAGNETIC PRINCIPLE
RANGE OF MEASUREMENT POSSIBLE IS 0-75 mm ACCURACY WITHIN 6 mm NOT VERY EFFECTIVE IN HEAVILY REINFORCED MEMBERS OR MEMBERS WITH SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT SIZE OF THE REINFORCEMENT BAR IS REQUIRED TO BE KNOWN FOR ACCURATE ASSESSMENT OF COVER 20 APPLICATION OF COVER METER REHABILITATION PLANNING ASSESSMENT OF RESIDUAL TIME TILL INITIATION OF CORROSION TO IMPROVE QUALITY CONTROL DURING CONSTRUCTION IDENTIFICATION OF LOCATION OF REINFORCEMENT BAR WITH THE FOLLOWING APPLICATIONS HELPS IN AVOIDING DRILLING INTO THE REINFORCEMENT TO AVOID REINFORCEMENT IN PULSE VELOCITY MEASUREMENTS 21 CARBONATION DEPTH CARBONATION IS CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN Ca (OH)2 AND CO2 OF THE ATMOSPHERE CARBONATION DESTROYS PASSIVE PROTECTION PROVIDED BY CONCRETE TO THE REINFORCEMENT CARBONATION PROCEEDS FROM THE SURFACE INTO THE CONCRETE WHEN DEPTH OF CARBONATION EQUALS CONCRETE COVER REINFORCEMENT CORROSION IS IMMINENT 22 CARBONATION DEPTH METHOD OF ASSESSMENT DRILL INTO CONCRETE SPRAY PHENOLPHTHALEIN SOLUTION UNCARBONATED CONCRETE WILL SHOW BRIGTH PINK STAIN CARBONATED CONCRETE WILL NOT CHANGE COLOUR WITH THE ABOVE VISUAL INDICATION DEPTH OF CARBONATION CAN BE EASILY MEASURED
23 LIMITATIONS OF N D T ALL NDT METHODS ARE INDIRECT CORELATION BETWEEN MEASURED PARAMETER AND CONCRETE STRENGTH IS NEVER EXACT. EFFECTIVENESS OF NDT REDUCES WITH HETEROGENEITY OF THE MATERIAL RESULTS ARE DEPENDENT ON TOO MANY PARAMETERS NORMALLY ACHIEVEABLE LEVEL OF ACCURACY IS + 25% INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS REQUIRE INTUITIVE JUDGEMENT 24 THANKS
