A Presentation on Social Issues Of India

Submitted To: Submitted By:-

Mandeep Kaur Harpal Singh(07-24)
Lect. In Sales Advertising Gurpreet Kang(07-22)
Management Ankur Harchand(07-07)
Gurdev Singh(07-20)
Social Issues

 A society can only be developed when all the amenities are

fulfilled or achieved. In India certain issues have been over
come and achieved but still some social issues are in the
half way e.g. people below poverty line, literacy rate,
unemployment of youth, public health system, dowry
system, domestic violence, corruption and political system
of India
Main Social Issues In India

There are many social problems In India but

main social issues which warrants attention
of all sources are
as under:-
 Unemployment

Poverty In India

Public Health System

Education system

Population

Literacy
Dowry System
Domestic Violence
Corruption
Alcoholism
Transport
 UNEMPLOYMENT

India as a nation is faced with massive problem of unemployment.

Unemployment can be defined as a state of worklessness for a man fit
and willing to work. It is a condition of involuntary and not voluntary
idleness. Some features of unemployment have been identified as
follows:
 
The incidence of unemployment is much higher in urban areas than in
rural areas.
Unemployment rates for women are higher than those for men.
The incidence of unemployment among the educated is much higher
than the overall unemployment.
There is greater unemployment in agricultural sector than in industrial
and other major sectors.
Economists and social thinkers have classified unemployment into
various types. Generally unemployment can be classified in two types:
 TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

Voluntary unemployment:- In this type of unemployment a

person is out of job of his own desire doesn't work on the
prevalent or prescribed wages. Either he wants higher wages
or doesn't want to work at all.

In voluntary unemployment:- In this type of situation the

person who is unemployed has no say in the matter. It means
that a person is separated from remunerative work and
devoid of wages although he is capable of earning his wages
and is also anxious to earn them.
 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: 7.2% (2007 EST.)

Year Unemployment rate Rank Percent Change Date of Information

2003 8.80 % 110   2002

2004 9.50 % 105 7.95 % 2003

2005 9.20 % 83 -3.16 % 2004 est.

2006 8.90 % 91 -3.26 % 2005 est.

2007 7.80 % 92 -12.36 % 2006 est.

2008 7.20 % 89 -7.69 % 2007 est.

 MAIN CAUSES FOR
UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

The problem of unemployment has becoming a colossal.

Various problems have caused this problem. There are
individuals factors like age, vocational unfitness and physical
disability. External factors includes economic and technical
factors. Other factors like shut down of the sick industries,
unplanned and uncontrolled growth of technology is causing
havoc on job opportunity. Our educational system has its own
irreparable defects and its contribution to the unemployment is
an open truth. Our education does not prepare the minds of
young generation to become self-employed on the contrary it
makes them dependent on government vacancies which are
hard to come.
 STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT
FOR REDUCE UNEMPLOYMENT

Our State right from the beginning of Five year plans has introduced
several employment generating schemes and programmes over the
years but in the absence of proper implementation and monitoring
have failed to achieve the required targets. Recently UPA
Government has come up with Rural Employment Guarantee
program which aims to provide minimum days of employment to
people living in the villages. This is a laudable programme if
implemented sincerely because it will provide employment to
people during natural calamities like drought, floods etc. The
remedial measures for reducing unemployment may lay greater
emphasis on creation of opportunities for self -employment,
augmentation of productivity and income levels of the working poor,
shift in emphasis from creation of relief type of employment to the
building up of durable productive assets in the rural areas and
instead of attempting to revert somewhat to protectionist policies
the pace of privatization may be accelerated.
 
 POVERTY
POVERTY IN
IN INDIA
INDIA

Poverty is one of the main problems which have attracted attention of

sociologists and economists. It indicates a condition in which a person
fails to maintain a living standard adequate for his physical and mental
Even after more than 50 years of Independence India still has the world's
largest number of poor people in a single country. Of its nearly 1 billion
inhabitants, an estimated 260.3 million are below the poverty line, of
which 193.2 million are in the rural areas and 67.1 million are in urban
areas. More than 75% of poor people reside in villages efficiency. It is a
situation people want to escape.
According to a recent Indian government committee constituted to
estimate poverty, nearly 38% of India’s population (380 million) is poor.
This report is based on new methodology and the figure is 10% higher
than the present poverty estimate of 28.5%. The poverty level is below
10% in states like Delhi, Goa, and Punjab etc whereas it is below 50% in
Bihar (43) and Orissa (47). It is between 30-40% in Northeastern states of
Assam, Tripura, and Meghalaya and in Southern states of Tamilnadu and
Uttar Pradesh.
 STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT
TO REDUCE THE POVERTY

In 1970 the Indian government has made poverty reduction a priority in its
development planning. Policies have focused on improving the poor
standard of living by ensuring food security, promoting self-employment
through greater access to assets, increasing wage employment and
improving access to basic social services.
India's Public Distribution System, Launched in 1965 has helped meet
people's basic food needs by providing rations at subsidized prices. It has
provided women and girls with better access to food and helped overcome
the widespread discrimination against female consumption within
households. It has also reduced the burden of women, who are responsible
for providing food for the household.
 The largest credit-based government poverty reduction programme
in the world, the Integrated Rural Development Programme provides
rural households below the poverty line with credit to purchase
income-generating assets. Launched in 1979, the programme has
supplied subsidized credit to such groups as small and marginalized
farmers, agricultural laborers, rural artisans, the physically
handicapped, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. Within this
target population, 40% of the beneficiaries are supposed to be
women. Although the programme has reached 51 million families,
only 27% of the borrowers have been women. The programme has
significantly increased the income of 57% of assisted families.
Rural poverty is largely a result of low productivity and
unemployment. The Jawahar Rozgar Yojana, a national public works
scheme launched in 1989 with financing from the central and state
governments, provides more than 700 million person days of work a
year about 1% of total employment for people with few opportunities
for employment
TRYSEM (Training rural youth for self employment) was started to
provide technical skills to the rural youth and to help them to get
employment in fields such as agriculture, industry, services and business
activities. Youth of the poor families belonging to the age-group of 18-35
are entitled to avail the benefits of the scheme. Priority is given to persons
belonging to ST/SC and ex-servicemen and about 1/3 seats are reserved
for women. Minimum Needs Programme was taken up as an integral part
of the 5th Five Year Plan and it was intended to cater to the minimum
needs of the people such as rural water supply, rural health, road building,
adult education, primary education, rural electrification and improve-ment
of the urban slums etc.

With the intention of removing urban unemployment some schemes such

as SEPUP (Self-employment programme for the urban poor); SEEUY
(Scheme for self-employment of the educated urban youths) .These
schemes gives loans and subsidies for the urban unemployed youths to
create or to find for themselves some jobs. The SEPUP had provided
financial help for about 1.19 urban unemployed youths in the year 190-91.
 Public Health System In India
Public health system in India suffers from many problems
which includes insufficient funding, shortage of facilities
leading to overcrowding and severe shortage of trained health
personnel. There is also lack of accountability in the public
health delivery mechanisms. These are some of the reasons
which have placed India at the lowest rank in the Human
Development Index.

India however holds top position in migration of physicians to

developed countries like UK and the US. According to Planning
Commission the country has a shortfall of six lakh doctors, 10
lakh nurses and two lakh dental surgeons. This has led to a
dismal patient-doctor ratio in the country. For every 10,000
Indians, there is just one doctor.
India has banned tobacco consumption in public places but
only 12 states have started implementing the ban. More than
10 lakh people at present die in India every year due to
tobacco consumption. At present more than 57% male and
10.9% female consume tobacco while 15% children consume
tobacco.
Female feticide continues to tarnish India’s image.The child
sex ratio (0-6 years) was 945 (1991 census) and this declined
to 927 girls per thousand boys (in 2001 census).The figures
are alarming in prosperous states like Punjab(798),Haryana
(819),Chandigarh (845),Delhi (868),Gujarat (883) and
Himachal Pradesh (896).

In india many health problems like Polio, women health

system, dialysis problems cancers etc.
Steps Taken by Government to Improve
Public Health System

The much publicized National Urban Health Mission is yet

to see the light of day. The scheme plans to monitor and
improve the health of 22 crore people living in urban slums
in 429 cities and towns. It was to be launched mid 2008 but
the mission is yet to become functional. NURM is aimed at
providing accessible, affordable, effective and reliable
primary health care facilities especially to urban poor.
 Education System
Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use
to change the world. Nelson Mandela
The Indian education are not provide the practically
knowledge to the student it only provide the theoretically
knowledge to the student. The vocational education system
are not good.
In India some degree and education certificate are sold at
mass basis. Govt. university are paying the role of good
listener and no strict rule or act is import to nip this evil.
Some university and institute are give the admission to the
student only on the basis of financial status of student.
Education system is going very costly from day to day and
student or poor section are debarred to get the admission in
university even there are more talented then that of student
getting the admission by paying the heavy amounts.
 Steps taken By Government To Improve
Education System
 Government are opened new government schools,
colleges, university and government added schools to
provide the education.
 Government also make the education collaboration
with the other country to achieve the global education
and get the employment to any where in world.
 Government also give the chance to private
Institute and groups to opened new college and
institute in India.
 Government opened the college and institute in
far-flung areas to provide education.
 Population
Population
India is the world's second most populous country and is
expected to be the most populous by 2040.The country is
undergoing the same forces of demographic transition that
have been experienced elsewhere, only delayed by few
decades. Almost 70% of Indians still reside in rural areas
although in recent decades migration to larger cities has led
to a dramatic increase in the country's urban population.
The emerging middle class will surge tenfold; exceeding 500
million by 2025.It will command 60% of the country's
spending power.
The growth in population is a bad factors in the
development of society because the available
infrastructure/sources are not adequate to cop with the
population growth.
Steps Taken by government to Control
Steps Taken by government to Control
population
populationgrowth
growth
Government has launched small family factor and to
promote this certain incentives have also been granted to the
person adoption the small family norms. E. g. One special
service increment to the government employee adoption
the small family norms.
 LITERACY
Literacy is an effective instrument for social and economic
development and national integration. It is defined in Census
operations, as the ability to read and write with understanding in any
language. Any formal education or minimum educational standard is
not necessary to be considered literate. The latest census report
(2001) reveal that at the beginning of new millennium literacy rate
in India stands at 65.38% with male literacy level at 75.85%and
female literacy level at 54.16%. There has been only marginal
increase in literacy level from the last census in 1991 (literacy level
was 52.2%).
The pace of progress in literacy rates, as revealed by decennial
censuses, is very slow in India. Between 1961 and 1991, a span of
thirty years, literacy rate has gone up by a mere 23.9 percentage
points, from 28.3 in 1961 to 52.2 in 1991.From 1991 to 2001 there
is 13.36%increase.
 STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT TO
ADDUCE THE LITERACY
 During the first Five Year Plan, the program of Social Education, inclusive of
literacy, was introduced as part of the Community Development Program 1952.
The National Policy on Education in 1968 not only endorsed the recommendations
of the Education Commission but also reiterated the significance of universal
literacy and developing adult and continuing education as matters of priority.
While the formal elementary education program was supplemented by a Non-
formal Education system, it was also decided to undertake Adult Literacy programs
culminating in the Total Literacy mission approach.
 (a) A multi-pronged approach of universalization of elementary education and
universal adult literacy has been adopted for achieving total literacy.
(b) A systematic program of non-formal education in the educationally backward
states.
(c) The National Literacy Mission that aims at making 100 million adults literate.
 Dowry System
Dowry is derived from the ancient Hindu customs of "kanyadan"
and "stridhan". In "kanyadan", the father of the bride offers the
father of the groom money or property, etc. whereas for
"stridhan", the bride herself gets jewelry and clothes at the time
of her marriage, usually from her relatives or friends. In
"varadakshina", the father of the bride presents the groom cash
or kind. All of these could be done voluntarily and out of
affection and love.
For this man, and his family, a woman becomes the ticket to
shortcut riches through the system of dowry. There are a number
of things people desire to have in their own houses but cannot
afford; they use the opportunity of a son's marriage to get them
Official statistics show a steady rise in dowry crimes. More than 9, 5000
women are killed every year in India over dowry. Bihar and Uttar
Pradesh still record the maximum number of dowry crimes, but
Bangalore, India's fastest growing city also shows an alarming rise - four
women reportedly die every day because of dowry harassment and
domestic violence. The cases of dowry torture are the highest accounting
for 32.4% of crimes against women in the country.
The dowry custom continues to rule society. In majority of Indian
families the boy has inheritance rights while the girl is given a hefty sum
at the time of her marriage in lieu of the Government regulated equal
rights for girls in parental property. The evil of the dowry system has
spread its tentacles in almost all parts of the country and sections of
society. There are several reasons for the prevalence of the dowry
system, but the main one is that it is a necessary precondition for
marriage. "No dowry, no marriage," is a widespread fear.
 Steps Taken By the Government to stop
Dowry System
The Dowry Prohibition Act, in force since 1st July 1961, was passed with the
purpose of prohibiting the demanding, giving and taking of dowry. In 1980 the
Government set up a committee which recommended amendments in the
Dowry Prohibition Act and also suggested expanding the definition of dowry
and instituting family courts and National Commission for women. Many
parliamentary debates led to some amendments in 1983,1984 and 1986.To
stop the offences of cruelty by husband or his relatives on the wife, Section
498-A was added in the Indian Penal Code and Section 198-A in the Criminal
Procedure Code in the year 1983. . The Dowry Prohibition Act clearly
stipulates that a person who gives or takes or helps in the giving or taking of
dowry can be sentenced to jail for 5 years and fined Rs.15, 000/- or the amount
of the value of dowry, whichever is more. The Act also prohibits the giving
and taking directly or indirectly any property or valuable security, any amount
either in cash of kind, jewelry, articles, properties, etc. in respect of a marriage
 Domestic Violence
Domestic violence can be described as when one adult in a
relationship misuses power to control another. It is the
establishment of control and fear in the relationship through
violence and other forms of abuse. It is basically an abuse of
power.
Although men, women and children can all be abused, in most
cases the victims are women. In every country where reliable,
large-scale studies have been conducted, results indicate that
between 16 and 52% of women have been assaulted by their
husbands\partners.
Violence within the home is universal across culture, religion,
class and ethnicity. The abuse is generally condoned by social
custom and considered part and parcel of marital life .An
example of this can be seen through the gist of a popular Spanish
riddle: Question: What do mules and women have in common?
Answer: A good beating makes them both better."
 The statistics reveal grim picture of the realities prevalent in
developing and developed countries alike.
In the United States a women is beaten every 18 minutes; between 3
million and 4 million are battered each year, but only 1 in 10 cases of
domestic violence is ever reported.
In the United Kingdom, 1 in 3 families is a victim of assault and 1 in 5
a victim of serious assault, according to a recent report by the home
office.
In Austria, in 59%of 1500 divorce cases, domestic violence is cited as
a cause in the marital breakdown.
In India the records of National Crimes Bureau, Ministry of Home
Affairs government of India revealed a shocking 71.5% Increase in
cases of torture and dowry deaths during the period from 1991 to
1995 .In 1995, torture of women constituted 29.2%of all reported
crimes against women.
In Bangladesh, half of the 170 reported cases of women murdered
between 1983 and 1985 took place within the confines of the homes.
 How we stop domestic violence
It needs support from all quarters be it government, NGOs
and women themselves. There is also a need to improve
women's economic capacities that include access to and
control of income and assets and also share in the family's
property. The government should strengthen and expand
training and sensitization programs.
Government make Anti Home Violence act to stop the
domestic violence.
Government district level Women Cell to stop domestic
valiance.
Young Youth play very important role to stop dowry system,
they not ask for dowry at marriage.
 CORRUPTION

In India, the web of corruption probably has a bureaucratic core. A vast

bureaucracy that is instituted to control every aspect of economic life
creates the incentives for individual and institutionalized corruption. Then
the “democratic” political system uses that bureaucracy to extract rents that
are used for fueling the vast political machinery.
In India total system are corrupted from the top to bottom level . Any
work in government office is not materialised unless other wise hand full
money is paid.
Corrupt politicians, corrupt judges, corrupt police officers, corrupt
bureaucrats, corrupt contractors, etc. are looting our country for last 60
years. They are nothing but thief's and criminals. Due to their plunder of
public funds millions of people, including children, have died. By crude
estimation, these corrupt officials constitute at least 90% of all the officers.
Finland remains the least-corrupt country in the world, according to
the latest annual index compiled by Transparency International, a
Berlin-based organisation. The index, which measures perceived
levels of corruption, focuses on the misuse of public office for
private gain. The United States ranks as the 18th least-corrupt
country, only a little less so than Chile. Botswana is reckoned to be
less corrupt than Italy.
India ranks 83 in the list of least-corrupt countries. Finland is the
least corrupt and ranks first; Singapore is fifth; Botswana is ranked
30th — thus leading India by about 50 places.
I suppose if Sri Lanka were in that list, it would get a higher score
than India. And I also suppose that the northern states of India (UP,
Bihar, etc.) would be more found to be more corrupt than the
southern states (Kerala, AP, TN).
 STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO STOP CORRUPTION

 In order to eradicate the corruption among the government

offices and to give the free and fare justice to the public the
government has adopted some anti corruption measure like
 Establishment of anti corruption bureau at national and state
level, which works under Chief Vigilance Commissioner.
 Audit System has been strengthened under the dynamic
leadership of independent functionary CAG .
 Right to Information Act,2005 is a milestone against the
corruption In India and fruitful results are seen after the
issuance of RTI Act.
 Alcoholism
Alcoholism is a condition in which the individual has lost control over
his alcohol intake in that he is constantly unable to refrain from
drinking once he begins.
The problem of alcoholism in terms of personal misery, family budget,
discord, and loss of wages, failure of health, accidents and cost in
damage claims, cost of hospital treatment, cost in custodial treatment,
inducement to crime are almost disastrous. A good number of persons
arrested for crimes like rape, burglary, murder and theft are those who
committed them under the influence of alcohol. Alcohol is a major
factor in the highway accidents. Since alcoholism affects the family
members, friends and even the community, it affects millions of people
in the country. Drinking reduces one’s operational activities and
efficiency to below the minimum level necessary for social existence.
 Steps Taken By Government to
Stop Alcoholism
 Detoxification in hospitals: Alcohols need medical care and
medical supervision. Tranquilizers are used for treating their
withdrawal symptoms like hallucinations. Vitamins and
electrolyte balance are used for physical rehabilitation.
 Treatment centres: These centres are developed as alternative
centres to hospital treatment having 10-12 residents.
Counselling and anti-drinking rules are observed.
 Changing values through education: Some voluntary
organizations undertake educational and information
programmes to alert the alcoholics to the danger of excessive
drinking. Social workers help the drinkers in coping with life
and changing the social values and attitudes about drinking.
 Transportation
In India the transportation system is being controlled by
the State Transport Commissioner how ever there are
lapses in the Transport Acts of the states, aggravating
complications/ litigation in the transportation system.
Light Vehicles likes two wheeler are being drivel by the
children (before the attain the age of Driving
Licenses) .Driving Licenses Authority are not so serious
tantamount the issue of driving licenses to a person
who is not well aware about the traffic rules and driving
skills.
Traffic Police is not performing there duties dedicatedly
resulting the road accidents are increase.
 Analysis carried on the basis of all India road accidents data
shows that drivers’ fault accounts for 83.5 per cent accidents.
Other contributory causes of road accidents are: mechanical
defects in the vehicles (3.0 per cent), fault of pedestrians (2.3
per cent), fault of passengers (2.4 per cent), bad road (1.1
per cent), bad weather (0.9 per cent) and other causes (6.8
per cent) like cattle, fallen trees, road blockage, sudden
failure of vehicles ahead, absence of rear reflectors, non-
functioning of signals and absence of road signage's etc.
Year Total No. Of Road Accident Total No. Of Person Killed Total No. Of
(In Number) (In Number) Vehicles
Registered
(In Thousand)
1970 114100 14500 1401

1980 153200 24000 4521

1990 282600 54100 19152

1995 351999 70781 30295

2000 391449 78911 48857

2003 406726 85998 67033

 Steps Taken By Government to
Control Transportation
 Government opened the Driving Training Institute
for trained the Heavy Vehicle Drivers to avoid the
accident.
 Government also opened the Car Training Institute
to trained the light vehicle drivers.
 Government make the new rules & regulation
regarding issues new driving licenses.
 Conclusions

In India many social problems are there from those some are
described below.
Government makes many new rules and regulation to stop social
evil but many rules, regulation and policy gets failed. The main
cause of failure of those policy is no proper implementation of rules
& policies and corrupt officers are not carrying out their duties
regularly.
Public also responsible for increasing the social issues in India. If the
government implement’s the policy and rules by force. People
start blocking the road, doing strikes etc.
If one person obeys the rules and regulations which are made by
the government other people oppose him, In government offices
no work is being done without taking bribe, and this increases the
corruption.
Students(Youth) play a very important role to remove the
social evils from India. For e.g. educate the illiterate
people, obey the traffic rules and also tell others to obey
the traffic rules, not use the wrong methods to get the
admission in Institute, Apply one rule for marriage ‘A
marriage With out Dowry’, for removing corruption student
also play an important role e.g. not give the money to any
officers to get the work done illegally.
Thanks