Proceedings of The Ed States National Museum V33-1908 PDF

Uivision OT risnm,
U. S. Natnat
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
PEOCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
YOLUME XXXIII
per\
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1908
MuMum
ADVERTISEMENT.
The
series
Scientific publications of the National
Proceedings and
The proceedings, the

intended primaril}- as a
Museum
consist of
two
Bulletins.
first
volume of which was issued
medium
in 1878, are
for the publication of original papers
based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly,

in biology, anthropology, and geology derived therefrom, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited
acquired facts
groups.
libraries
of the
and
volume
is
issued annually or oftener for distrilnition to
scientific establishments, and, in
more prompt dissemination
of
new
view of the importance
facts, a limited edition of
is printed in pamphlet form in advance.

which these separate papers are published are recorded
each paper
The dates
at
in the table of
contents of the volume.
The present volume is the thirty-third of this series.

The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series of
more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings,
based chiefiy on the collections of the National Museum.
A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the "Special Bulletin," has
been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed
indispensable.
Since li02 the volumes of the series
known
as
"Contributions from
the National Herbarium," and containing papers relating to the botanical collections of
the
Museum have
Sec7'eta7'y
March
16, 1908.
been published as Bulletins.

Charles D. Walcott,
of the
Sinithaoiifan Institution.
TABLE OF
(ÔNTEI^TS.
Pag-e.
Bartsch, Paul. A New Fresh-water Bivalve (Corneocyclas)

from the Mountains of Ecuador, No. 1.58-1:. Fel)ruary
681-682
29, 1908"
New
species: Coriieoei/rhiti davisl.
New Marine MoUusks from
America. No.
New species:
1.5(;-1.
Sella monterei/ensis,
Bitt'nitii
West Coast
the
Octoljer 23, 19( )T
of
tuinhlum,
177-1.S8
('erithioj)i<is co.s-
mia, C. pedroamt, ^fetaxia dUideiiia.
New
subspecies: Blttiuni {Stylidium) eschrichtl
riichti inonterei/msls,
B. esurimsnniltlfiloftiim,
iceluni,
/'.
B. (X)
fxrJi-
<ftadrifilahiiii higeiii^.
Notes on the Fresh-water MoHusk Phmorbis magand Descriptions of Two New Forms of the same
Genus from the Southern States, No. 1587. March 4,
.
niticus
1908
New
New
697-700
species: Planorbis encosvimx.
subspecies: Planorhifi eiicosndus vaughani.
The West American Molhisks of the Genus

1.569.
December 12, 1907
Tri-
phoris. No.
New
species:
Trtphoris montereyensis,
T. carpenteri,
laris,
T.
249-262
pedroanus, T. adlipyrgns,
T. hemphilJi, T. caUdinensis,
T. sfenrnsi,
T.
penhun-
T. evcoljûs, T. jMxnamensia, T. dalli, T. galapagensifi, T. chatJi-
amensis, T. adam-'ii.
.
^V.^
under Dall, William Healey
On
Bean, Barton A.
Ctenolucius Gill,
491-531:
Neglected Genus
of Characin Fishes, with Notes on the Typical Species.
No. 1588.
.
March
1908
See under Seale, Alvin
4,
701-703
229-248
Caudell, Andrew Nelson.
On. some Earwigs (Forticuli(niatemala by Messrs. Schwarz and

Barber. No. 1563. October 23, 1907
169-176
dje)
collected
in
New genus: Arthrcedelus.

New species: Cylmdrogasttr
ratta minuta,
diplatyoides, Arthnedetns harherl, Sp<i-
Labia schwarzi, L.
"Date
hreviforceps, Forficula cacaoensis.
of pu])licatioii.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VI
fage.
Clark, Austin Hobart.
New
Descriptions of
Species of
Recent Unstalked Crinoids from the Coasts of Northeastern

127-156
Asia. No. 1561. September 17, 1907
New species: Antedon multicolor, A. versicolor, A. propinqua, A. sepanthus, A. macropoda, A.
A. pubescens, A. hepbumiana, A. lata, A. scalaris,
A. garrettiana, A. orion, A. minor, A. diadema, A. aster, A. alboflava,
A. ruber, A. diomedeie, A. tigrina, A. bowers i, A. abbotti, A. stylifer,
A. delicatissima, A. rubrofava, A. thetis, A. hawaiiensis, Comatula
maruc, C. solaster, C. serrata.
New names: Comatula orientalis, Atelecri7ms pourtalesi.
arata, A. flavopurpurea, A. callista, A.
liana,
A.
villosa,
Descriptions of
New
Species of Recent Unstalked
Crinoids from the North Pacific Ocean.
No.
1559.
Sep-
tember
New
17, 1907
species: Decamelrocrinus borealis, Antedon rara, A. hartlaubi,
A. tenelloides, A. asperrirna, A. perplexa, A. laodice, A. inexpectata,
A. rathbuni, A. brachymera, A. serratissima, A. marite, A. hondoensis, A. clio, A. erythrizon, A. fragilis, A. tenuis, A. ciliata, A. isis,
A. arclica, A. briseis.
69-84
Inf rabasals in Recent Genera of the Crinoid Family

671-676
Pentacrinitid*. No. 1582. February 29, 1908
.
The Crinoid Genus Comatula Lamarck; with a Note

on the Encrinus parra? of Guerin. No. 1585. February
.
29, 1908
683-688
New name: Comaster carpenteri.

CusHMAN, Joseph A. Fresh -water Crustacea from Labrador
705-713
and Newfoundland. No. 1589. March 4, 1908
New species: Herpetocypris testudinaria.
Dall, William Healey. Supplementary Notes on Martyn's
Universal Conchologist. No. 1565.
and Paul Bartsch.
October 23, 1907 ._
185-192
The Pyramidellid Mollusks of

No. 1574. December 31,
the Oregonian Faunal Area.
1907
New
491-534
{Chemnitzia) milricatoides, T.
{Strioturbonilla) serrx, T. {Pyrgolampros) taylori, T. (P.) berry i, T. (P.) lycdli,
T. (P.) victor iana, T. (P.) valdezi, T. (P.) newcombei, T. (P.) oregonensis,
T. (Pyrgiscus) ca.nfieldi, T. (P.) morchi, T. (P.) antestriata, T. (P.) eucosmospecies:
basis,
T.
Turbonilla {Turbonilla)
(P.) castanea,
T.
gilli,
{Mormula)
T.
eschscholtzi,
Odostomia {Chrysallida)
(C)
oregonensis, 0. {Ividia)
{Menesiho) harfordensis, 0. (M.) exara, O.
{Evalea) tillamookensis, O. {E.) angularis, (K (E.) jemetti, 0. {E.) columbiana,
0. (E.) deliciosa, 0. {E.) iaconiaensis, 0. (E.) valdezi, 0. {E.) phanea, O.
(Amaura) kennerleyi, 0. (A.) montereyetisis.
cooperi, 0. (C.) asiricta, 0. (C.
navisa,
New
0. {lolaea) amianta,
montereyensis, 0.
0.
subspecies: Tarbonilla {Turbonilla)
gilli
dehnontensis,
Odostomia {Ividia)
navisa delmontensis.
New
names: Turbonilla {Chemnitzia) montereyensis, Odostomia {Menestho)
cida.
Date
of puV)lic-atioTi.
p)har-
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
VTl
Page.
Edwards, Charles Lincoln. The Holothurians of the North

Pacific Coast of North America collected b}^ the Albatross
September 14, 1907
in 1903. No. 1558.
New species: Chiridola albatrossii.
EiGENMANN, CarlH., and Fletcher Ogle. An Annotated
49-68
List of Characin Fishes in the United States National
Museum and
scriptions of
New
New
Museum
the
of Indiana University, with De-
New Species. No.
1556.
September 10, 1907'^*.
1-36
genus: PJienacogrammus.
species:
Curimatus
guayensiK, P.
brevipes, Frochilodus beard,
piradcabse, Leporinus parx,
Parodon para-
Cheirodon
ribeiroi,
C.
Aphyocharax rathbuni, A.
stromineus, Holopristes riddlei, Hemigrammunmicropterus, H. trldens,
H. boulengeri, H. anisitsi, H. sanUr, H. inconstans, Astyanax emperador, A. orthodus, A. atratoensis, A. megalops, Charax atratoenmicropterux, OdontostUhe mirrocephalus,
sis.
New
subspecies: Curimatun leuciscus bolivhe, Astyanax rutilns vicara-
guensi,s.
New
si:)ecific
Gilbertolus,
names: Curimatus
boulengeri, Leporinus stemdachneri,
Evermannolus.
Franklin, Henry James. On a Collection of ThysanopteNo.

rous Insects from Barbados and St. Vincent Islands.
March
1590.
New
4,
715-730
1908
insular is, Anthothrips gowdeyi,
species: Euthrips
Trichothrips
niger, Cryptothrips fasciapennis.
Descriptions of New Species of Upper

Paleozoic Fossils from China.
No. 1557. September 10,
GiRTY, George H.
1907
New
New
37-48
genus: Carnegla.
species: Lonsdalela chlnensis, MicheUnea favosltoldes, Carnegla
bassleri,
FIstullpora willislana,
Geinilzella chlnensis,
Batostomella
meekana, Fistulipora waageniana, Spirifer blackwelderl, Xotothyris

willlsiana, Aviculipeden richthofenl.
Herre, Albert Christian
157-167
See under Jordan, David Starr.
Hough, Walter.
The Pulque of Mexico.
No. 1579.
Feb577-592
ruary 18, 1908"
Jordan, David Starr, and Albert Christian Herre. A

Review of the Cirrhitoid Fishes of Japan. No. 1562.
157-167
October 23, 1907".
New genus: Isobuna.
and Robert Earl Richardson.
Review
of
the
Flat-heads, Gurnards, and other Mail-cheeked Fishes of the
629-670
Waters of Japan. No. 1581. February 28, 1908
New genera: Rogadlus, Bambradon, Eblsinus, Dactyloptena, DoAcocus.
New species: Hoplichthys gilberti.
"Date
of publication.

TABLE OF CONTENTS,
VIII
Page.
Jordan, David Starr, and Robert Earl Richardson.

Description of a New Species of Killifish, Lucania browni,
from a Hot Spring in Lower California. No. 1572. De319-321
cember 24, 1907
New species: Lucania browni.
On a Collection of Fishes from Echigo,
263-266
Japan. No. 1570. December 12, 1907"
New species: Lefua ecJdgonia, Pallasina eri/ngia, Chloea nakamurse.
and Alvin Seale. List of Fishes collected in the

River at Boytenzorg, Java, by Dr. Douglas Houghton
535-543
- Campbell. No. 1575. December 24, 1907 .
.
New
species: (ilossogobius camjibellianus.
Linton, Edwin. Notes on Parasites of Bermuda Fishes.

No. 1560. October 14, 1907
New species Echinorhynchus medius, Rhynchobothrium spiracornutum,
85-126
Otobothrium penetrans, Distomum subtenue, D. gyrirms, D. lamelliforme, D. trulla, D. levenseni, D. fenestratum", D. tomex.
Lyon, Marcus Ward, Jr. Mammals collected in Western

Borneo by Dr. W. L. Abbott. No. 1577. December 24,
1907
547-572
New species: Sciurus sanggaus.

New subspecies: Sciurus borneoensis palustris.
Mason, Otis T. Basketry Bolo Case from Basilan
No. 1566.
October
Island.
193-196
25, 1907
Ogle, Fletcher
See under Eigenmann, Carl H.
--
1-36
Richardson, Harriet. On Some Isopods of the Family

Dajidie from the Northwest Pacific Ocean, with DescripNo. 1586.
tions of a New Genus and Two New Species.
689-696
February 29, 1908
New genus: Arthrophryxus.
New species: Holophryxus giardi, H. californiensis, ArthrojjJiryxus
bering%tnus.
Richardson, Robert Earl. See under Jordan, David Starr 263-266

319-321
See under Jordan, David Starr _
629-670
See under Jordan, David Starr
On a Collection of
Fishes from the Philippine Islands, made by Maj. Edgar
A. Mearns, Surgeon, U. S. Army, with Descriptions of
Seale, Alvin and Barton A. Bean.
Seven
New
New
New
Species. No. 1568.
November
21, 1907
--
genus: Mearnsella.
species:
Barbus quinquemacidatus, Mearnsella
alestes,
Polydactylus opercular is, Cephalopholis

Choerops zarnboangae, Cnllyodon latifasciatus.
j)unctulatu,%
Date of publication.
Easbora
maculatus,
229-248

TABLE OF CONTENTS.
IX
Page
... 58.5-543
Seale, Allen. See under Jordan, David Starr
Stejneger, Leonhard.
a New Geckoid Lizard from the
54.5-546
December 24, 1907 "
Philippine Islands. No. 1576.
.
New
species: Luperosaurus macgregorl.
A New Species of Flying Lizard from the Philippine
February
Islands. No. 1583.
New
species:
Draco
Two New
No. 1578.
New
29,
1908
677-679
mindanensi.'t.
Species of Toads from the Philippines.

18, 1908
573-576
February
species: Phiynixalus anulatus,
Walsingham, Lord.
Kalophrynus
Descriptions of
siellatuK.
New North American
Tineid Moths, with a Generic Table of the Family Blasto...^ 197-228

basidffi. No. 1567.
October 29, 1907
New
genera: Valentinia, CatacrypRh,
Cifnotea,
MeneMnmorpha,
fkrlo-
preta, Pseudoxylesthia.
New
species: Gelechia laudatella,
Ethmia albUogaia, Valentinia
notliro-
teSf.Blaslobasix sp., Holcocera nigrostriata, II. upliidiella, Catacrypsin
inamqncua C. inorrisoni,
Hypatopa texanella, II. episcia, H. conia, H. fasciafa, H. oritex,
MeneMomorpha oblongata, ColeopJiora lapidicornis, C. vaganit, Calopceta glutinosi, Ilyponomeuta diaphorus, Bucculatrix eurotiella, LUhonuceUa, C. stygna, C. ursella, C. ifenica, C.
col letis cervina,
L. ceriferx, L. leucothorax, Ornix innotata, Tischeria
albostraminea, Scardia gracillis, PseudoxyleMhia angustella,

sparsipunctella,
New name:
Ilomonymus
Tinea
coloradellus.
Hypatopa.
Williamson, Edward Bruce. The Dragonflies (Odonata)

Subfamilies Cordulegasof Burma and Lower Siam 11.
Chlorogomphinee, and GomphinjB. No. 1571.
terina>,
267-317
December 13, 1907
New genus: Burmagomphus.
New species: Gomphidia abbotti, Gompkus xanthenatus.
North American Parasitic
Wilson, Charles Branch.
Copepods belonging to the Family C-aligida?. Parts 3 and
4.
A Revision of the Pandarinê and the Cecropinse. No.

323-490
December 31, 1907
New genus names: Pholidopus, Prosxtex.
New species: Echthrogaleuft torpedinis.
North American Parasitic Copepods: New Genera
1573.
and Species of Caliginse. No. 1580.

New genera: Abasia, Tuxophorus.
New
February
28, 19(
)8
^'
species: Caligus ru/us, Lepeophtheirus longispinosus, Parapjetaht.'i
orcidentalis,
Abasia pseudorostris, TuxopIioru.i caligodes.

^'Date of publication.
593-627
LIST OF TLLUSTRATIOISrS.
TEXT
FKil'HKS.
Page.
(hiriinatis hreripes^
Prochilodus beani
Leporimis parse
Hemigrammus inconstan><
17
Astyanaj: atratoensis
28
Bramocharax bramfordii
Charax sqnamosus
Charax atratooisis
82
Chirulota albatrossii.
a-c,
33
34
Calcareous rods
51
Chiridota albatrossii.
d-f, Calcareous rods

Stone canal and niadreporite
Ankyrodenna jeff'reysii. Spoon-like rod with rudimentarj' spire
Cucumaria caldgera. Upper surface of table from the body-wall
Cucumaria calclyera. Side view of table from the body-wall
51
Chiridota albatrossU.
52
Cucumaria
Cucumaria
Cucumaria
Cucumaria
Cucumaria
Perforated plate of the introvert
56
calcigera.
Supporting table from a pedicel
56
calcigera.
Spinose, perforated tentacle rod
57
calcigera.
Fragment
57
calcigera.
Stone canal and madrei>orite

Curved supporting rod of a tentacle
calcigera.
Stichopus cliallengeri.
of calcareous ring
network
CirrJdtichthys aureus
52
55
55
58
66
162
Goniistius zonatus
165
Prospectus of Martyu's Universal Concliol( igist
188
Jacanese bolo case. Front view

Jacanese bolo case. Back view
Inside of Jacanese bolo case
Outer technic of Jacanese T)olo case
193
195
Border of Jacanese bolo case

Barbus quinquemaculatus
230
Mearnsella alestes
232
Basbora jninctidatus
233
Polydactylus opercularis
234
194
195
196
Cephcdopholis maculatus
235
Chcerops zamboangse
237
Callyodon latifasciatus
238
Scatophagus argus, young
246
Lefua ecldgonia
263
Pallasina eryngia
264
nakamurx
Diagrammatic wing
Chloea
266
Dragonfly of the Family Êshnida' showing the

nomenclature of the venation
of a
270.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
XII
male Anotoga^ter sieholdii from Japan

male OrogompJius atkinsoui. De Selys' collection
De Selys' collection
of female Orogomphus atkinsoni.
of male Ictinns melienopii from Siam
of female Jcthms melxnops from Siam
of male (jomphidia ahhotti from Siam
A, dorsal, and B, lateral views of male abdomifionipliidia ahhotti from Siam.
nal appendages.
9 and 10, abdominal segments
WMngs of male Sieboldius japponicus from Siam
Wings of male Ilagenius hrevistylus from North America
Wings of female Davidius fruhMorferi from Tonkin
Wings of male Macrogomphus qnadratus from Big Tambelan Island, China Sea.
WMngs of female species of Mncrogomphus from Siam
Macrogomphus quadratus from Big Tamlielan Island, ('hina Sea. A, lateral,
and B, dorsal views of male abdominal appendages. 9 and 10, abdominal
Wings
WingH
Wings
Wings
Wings
Wings
of
276
of
277
of
of
of
male Leptogomphus semper from Borneo

male species of Leptogomphus from Tonkin. Martin's
male Leptogomphus indltus. De Selys' collection
280
282
28-1
285
286
287
288
288
292
collection
293
293
De Selys' collection
male Mierogomjjhus chelifer. De Selys' collec^tion
female Mkrogomphxis chelifer. De Selys' collection
female Cyclogomphvs lieterostylus. De Selys' collection
AnisogompJius occipitalis. De Selys' collection
female Anisogomphus occipitalis. De Selys' collection
male Anormogomphus heleropterus. De Selys' collection
male Burmagomp hus vermiculatus from Burma
of female Jjeptogomphus incUtus.
Wîngs of
280
289
segments
Wings
Wings
Wings
Wings
278
294
296
Wings of
Wings of
Wings of
Wings of
Wings of
Wings of
Burmagomphus rermiculatus from Burma. A, lateral, and B, dorsal views of
male abdominal appendages. C, profile of accessory genitalia of abdominal
segment. 9 and 10, abdominal segments
Diagrams representing the thoracic color pattern of some oriental Gomphinse.
Wings of male Flatggomphus dolabratus. De Selys' collection
Wings of female Platygomphus dolabratus. De Selys' collection
Wings of male Gomphus .rardhenains from Burma
Gomphus xanthenatus from Burma
Wings of female Onychogomphus annularis from Burma
Wings of male Onychogomphus saundersii from Burma
Onychogomphus saundersii from Burma
Wings of male species of Onychogomphus from Burma
Wings of male Heterogomphus cocJdnchinensis from Tonkin
Wings of male Merogomphus paviei from Tonkin
296
Lucania hrowni
Photograph of dorsal
320
fin of
Ventral surface of female Pandarus sinaatus, showing adhesion pads

Ventral surface of first three pairs of swimming legs of Edith rog( dens denticulatus
showing accessory adhesion pads
A newly hatched Nauplius of Pandarus sinuatns
A newly hatched Nauplius of Nesippus alatus
of Nesippus alatus
maxilla',
first
and mandibles
alatus
The
297
298
299
299
300
302
304
304
305
307
308
310
311
315
316
317
sand shark, showing both sexes of Pandarus sinu-
atus
The Metanauplius
The mouth tube,
297
of the
of the
330
333
336
337
Metanauplius of Xesij^pns
.-
and second maxillipeds
326
329
Metanauplius of Nesippus alatus
338
338
XIII
Page.
Metanauplius of Neftppus alatns

The tirst three pairs of swimming legs of the Metanauplius of Nesipjym alatux.
A Chalimus of Perissopus communis
The four pairs of swimming legs of the Chalimus shown in the preceding
mandible
of the
338
339
3-10
341
figure
A
A
Chalimus
Chalimus
Dorsal view
Dorsal view
of
Permopus cummium, one-third
larger than the one in Fig. 11..
communis, fully developed

of a female Pandarus simmtus, showing the parts of
of Perissopus
343
tlie
body
387
Pandarus cranchii
Section of the genital segment of Pandarus sinuatus, with the sixth segment
and abdomen still attached. End view, showing the distance between the
dorsal plate and the abdomen
The genital segment and abdomen of Pandarus cranchii, showing anal lamina'
with two wings, dorsal and ventral
388
Rashord
539
of a
male
342
of
lateristriata
Glossogobius camphellkmus
389
392
542
map of
lower Kapuas River, Western Borneo

A. Last two maxillary teeth of Lutra barang, adult female, Pulo Lankawi.
B. Last two maxillary teeth of Lulra lovii, adult female, Pulo Saparo, in
547
Kapuas River, Western Borneo

Region near Tunol, Durango, Mexico; Agaves in foreground, prickly pear in
middle ground
Natural growth of agave, prickly pear, and cacti on hills near Tunol, Durango,
Mexico. Workman with lever on shoulder
Agave plantation near City of Mexico; Chapultepec in the distance
Large agave plant prepared for incubation. Near City of Mexico
Machete. Handle of horn riveted to iron blade
Huge agave showing ])andera impaled on point of leaf. Collector at work
with siphon and skin sack
Collector of aguamiel at work with siphon
Gourd siphon shod with horn. Mnsquitec Indians
Siphon made of tin. Durango, Mexico
Scraper of wrought iron. Durango, Mexico
Skin sack for transporting aguamiel
560
Sketch
Zumpango, Mexico
Transportation of aguamiel in jars slang on the back. Tepeaca, Mexico
Vat house and workmen. Hacienda de San Antonio. Ometusco, Mexico
Collectors of aguamiel.
578
579
580
581
581
582
582
583
583
583
584
584
585
585
Field vat for preparation of pulque
586
Sieve for straining aguamiel, Durango, Mexico
586
588
Pulque shop named for Queen Xochitl, Cuernavaca, Mexico

Tepache vendor's outfit consisting of an olla, olla ring, and two cups.
Mexico
Gusono gnawing the agave
Durango,
Rogadius asper
589
591
631
Thiisanojihrys spinosus
633
Thysanophrys japonicus
Thysanophrys crocodilus
637
639
HopiVclithys langsdorfii
646
Hoplirhthys
648
gilherti
Lepidotrigla alata
651
Ebis'mus chelrophthalmus
665
Dairocus peterseni
Radials, Basals,
and Infrabasals
668
of hocrinus decorus (a
young specimen)
672
XIV
Page.
and Infrabasals of Isucrinns decorus (a mature specimen)

Radials, Basals, and Infrabasals of Metacrinus rotundus
Ui^permost columnar of Metacrinus rotundus
672
Isolated Infrabasals of Metacrbtus superhus
675
Section of Calyx of Metacrinus superhus, showing the infrabasals in position
675
Ventral view of isolated Infrabasals of Metacrinus superbus

Dorsal view of isolated Infrabasals of Metacrinus superbus
Corneocyclas dawsi Bartsch
675
Radials, Basals,
Holophri/xus giardi.
Adult female.
Dorsal view.
Lateral view.
673
673
676
682
Ventral
view
Holophryxus giardi. Immature female and host
Holophryxus giardi. Immature female. Dorsal view. Lateral view. Ventral
view
Holophryxus californiensis. Adult female and host
Holophryxus califoryiiensis. Male
Arlhrophryxus beringanus. Adult female. Dorsal view. Ventral view
Arthrophryxus beringanus. Adult male
690
691
Ctenoludus hujeta
703
692
693
694
695
695
PLATES.
Facing page.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Bermuda Fishes
Parasites of Bermuda Fishes
Parasites of Bermuda Ffshes
126
West American Mollusks

The female of Perissopus communis, and the
The male of Perissopus communis
The female of Echthrogaleus coleoptratus
The female of Eclithrogaleus denticulatus
The female of Echtlrrogaleus torpedinis
The female of Dinematura ferox
262
Parasites of
126
126
126
126
126
126
126
126
126
126
126
126
126
1
\ariety stimpsoni
26
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
28.
The female of Dinematura producta

The female of Dinematura latifolia
The male of Dinematura latifolia
The male of Pandarus brevicaudis
The female of Pandarus bicolor
The male and female of Pandarus cranchii
29.
An
490
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
30.
31.
32.
Adult and a young Female of Pandarus smithii

The male and a young female of Pandarus sinithii
The female of Pandarus satyrus
The female of Pandarus sinuatus
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
XV
LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS.
Facing page.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
The male
Pandnrus sinuatus
An adult and a young female of Nesippus
The male of Nesippus alatus
The male of Nesippus curticaiidis
The male of Ncsippvs horealis
The
The
The
The
The
The
490
490
490
490
of
female of Cecrops
male of Cecrops
alatns
490
490
490
latreillil
latreiUii
female of Orthagoriscicola muricata
490
male and a Chalimus of Orthagoriscicola muricata

female of Fh Uorihragoriscus serratus
male of PJrilorthragoriscvs serratus
West American Turbonilla
West American Turbonilla
West American Odostomia
West American Pyramidellida3
West American Odostomia
The male and female of Caligus hnmulonis
The female of Caligus rufus, new species

The female of LepeopJdheirus inonacanthus
The female of LepeopJdfieirus longispinosus, new species
The female of Farapetalus occidentalis, new species
Tlie male and female of Abasia pseudorostris, new genus and
The female of Taxophorns caligodes, new genus and species
The male of Tuxopliorus caligodes, new genus and species
from North Carolina and Louisiana
Fresh- water Crustacea from Labrador and Newfoundland
Fresh- water Crustacea from Labrador and Newfoundland
Fresh-water Crustacea from Lalirador and Newfoundland
Fresh-water Crustacea from Labrador and Newfoundland
Fresh-water Crustacea from Labrador and Newfoundland
West Indian Thrips
West Indian Thrips
West Indian Thrips
490
490
490
534
534
534
534
534
628
628
628
628
628
species
628
62S
628
57. Species of Planorbis
700
58.
714
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
714
714
714
714
730
7.30
730
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF CHARACIN FISHES IN THE

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM AND THE MUSEUM OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY, WITH DESCRIPTIONS
OF NEW SPECIES.
By Carl IL Eigenmann and Fletcher Ogle,
Of Indiana
University,
hu^jr
i''ig''on,
Indiana.
In the following pages are enumerated the Characin fishes belonging

to the
United States National Mnseum.
from the following

1.
by
They are
principally derived
.sources:
from the collections made

Lagoa Santa and the Rio das Velhas, Brazil (1850-
series of Dr. Chr. Lutken's species
J. Reinhardt, at
1856).
2.
collection of the
United States and Mexican Boundary Surve}'
(1851-1854).
3.
collection
made by
Lieut. Lardner Gibbon, U. S. Navy, in
Bolivia (1852).
4.
collection
made
b}^
Capt. T. J. Page,' U. S. Nav}^, in Paraguay
(1853).
5.
The
chiell}' at
collections
made
for J. C. Brevoort and E.
Blackford,
Para, Brazil.
6. A collection by Lieut. N. Michler and A. Schott from the Truando near the Rio Atrato, Colombia (1857-58).
7. A collection from the Marauon and Napo-i'ivers, Brazift, made by
James Orton (1867).
8. The collections from Panama and Nicaragua made by Dr. J. F.
Bransford (1876).
9. A collection from the Nile River, Egypt, made by the Sentf Ex-
pedition (1899).
Unless otherwise indicated the niunbers are those of the catalogues

of the United States National
The National Museum

River, made by Prof. J.
Museum.
also contains the collection
These have been reported on elsewhere.^

See Eigenmann and Bean, Proc. U.
Proceedings U.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
S.
from the Amazon
B. Steere in 1901.
S.
Nat. Mus.,
The
collection of
XXXI,
pp. 659-668.
National Museum, Vol. XXXIII No. 1556.
xxxiii07
Page
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
vou
xxxiii.
from Paraguay is the most extensive, and at the time it was made was
by far the most important collection from that region. But the
numerous new forms it contained when it was made have since been
described by Perugia, Boulenger, and Eigenmann from other
collections.
A small but very interesting series is that which was made by

Michler and Schott in the Atrato Bai,'in. Inasmuch as the Atrato
River forms part of the probable route of migration of the eastern
fresh- water fishes to the Pacific slope everything from that part of
Colombia is of great interest.
In preparing these notes use has also been made of the collections
which include the following:
von Ihering from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
von Ihering from Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Duplicates of the collections of C. F. Hartt from the Amazon
of Indiana University,
1.
2.
3.
A collection by H.
A collection by H.
Basin, Brazil.
i.
Collections of the Indiana University Expedition to Guatemala.
5.
Various collections from the Paraguay Basin made by J. D,
Anisits.
6.
7.
Duplicate specimens from the Mexican collections of S. E. Meek.

Duplicate specimens from the Argentine collections of J. W.
Titcomb (1903-4).
8. A collection from Trinidad, made by Mr. Lechmere Guppy,
We have also examined the Princeton University collections made
Prof.
W.
jr.
by
B. Scott in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the collection
made by Mr. O. Riddle in Venezuela.

The following new names appear in
this paper:
'Eigenmann (new name).

Evermannolus Eigenmann (new name).
Curimatus boulengeri Eigenmann (new name).
Gilbertolus
Ourimatns brevipes Eigenmann and Ogle.

Curimatus leuciscus holirue Eigenmann and Ogle.
Prochilodus beani Eigenmann.
Parodon Paraguay ensis Eigenmann.

Parodon piracicabu' Eigenmann.
Leporinus pane Eigenmann.
Leporinu,s steindachneri
Eigenmann (new name).
Cheirodon ribeirol Eigenmann.

Cheirodo)) ndcropterus
Eigenmann.
OdontostUbe inicrocephalus P]igenmann.
Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann.

Aphyocharax stramineus Eigenmann.
Holopristes riddlei Meek.
Hemiyrammus micropterus Meek.
Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann.
Hemiyrammus boulengeri Eigenmann.
Hemigrammus
Hemigrammus
anisUsi p]igenmann.
santiv
Eigenmann.
LIST OF CHARACIN FISHES EIGENMANN
NO. 1566.
OGLE.
Eigenmann and Ogle.

Eigenmann and Ogle.
emperador Eigenmann and Ogle.
Hemigrammus
Astyanax
Asiyanax
Astyanax
Astyanax
Astyanax
AND
inconstans
rutilus nicaraguensis
orthodus Eigenmann.
atratoensis
Eigenmann.
megalnps Eigenmann.
Phenacogrammus Eigenmann.
Charax atratoensis Eigenmann.
am
informed that the names GUhertella and EverinaneUa proposed

For the former I propose the
name GiJhertolux Eigenmarm; for the latter, Eve'nnannolw< Eigenmann.
I
for Characin genera are preoccupied.
Psectrog-aster auratus Gill.
Type
Gibbon collection.
Psectrogaster curviventris Eigenmann and Kennedy.
No. 2106. Two specimens, ParagiKW, Page collection.
Curimatus albula Quoy and Gaimard.
No. 449.50. Two specimens, Lagoa Santa, Brazil, Reinhardt
No. 5878.
Bolivia,
col-
lection.
Curimatus boulengeri Eigenmann, ne^v

For ('nrhnatus
gnntlieri
specific
name.
Boulengek, not.nf Eigennuum and
I'Mgenniaiui.
Curimatus bimaculatus Steindachner.

No. 1639 (part). Two specimens, Paraguay, Page collection.
No. 2107. Two specimens, Paraguay, Page collection.
Curimatus platanus Gunther.
No. 1639 (part). One specimen, Paraguay, Page collection.
Head
3.4;
depth 3.25; D. 12, counting everything; A. 10^; scales

57.
A small black caudal spot, no dorsal spot.
between 53 and
?
Curimatus gilberti Quoy and Gaimard.

No. 39148, A specimen 42 nmi, to base of caudal.
video,
Head
dusky
From Monte-
Uruguay.
nearly 4; depth 3|; D. 12; A. 9; scales 6-36-5; tail with a
ending in a large black spot in front of the caudal.
lateral streak
Entire back with obscure dark spots.
Curimatus brevipes Eigenmann and Ogle, ne-w species.

Tyjte.
Cat. No. 35333, U.S.N.M.
A specimen 131
caudal, Peru?, Orton collection.
mm.
to base of
Head 3.5; depth 3|^; D. 12, including

rudiment; A. 10; scales 8-47-6i (above ventrals). Heavy,
elongate, rhomboidal.
Preventral region broadly rounded, without
keels and without a median series of scales; postventral region and
Allied to C. leucostictus.
the
first
postdorsal region rounded; predorsal region obscurely ridged;
mouth
subterminal.
Anterior profile very slightly concave, strongly convex behind the

occiput; eye equal to snout, 3f in head, 2 in interorbital; scales crenate; caudal apparently entirel}^ naked.
Highest dorsal vny probably
vol. xxxiii.
longer than head, less opercle; anal emarginate, itf? highest ray
probabh'^ not reaching caudal; ventrals not reaching vent, pectorals
little
'-J
Fig.
1.
CURIMATUS
BREVIPES.
No
Brassy, darker above.
not to ventrals.
delinite spots, distal part
of dorsal and a line between every two of the last seven rays, dotted;
distal part of anal dotted.
Curimatus leuciscus boliviae Eig-enmann and Ogle, ne-w subspecies.

One specimen 1>5 mm. to base of
Cat. No. 4483;^, U.8.N.M.
Tyj>e.
caudal, Bolivia,
Gibbon
collection.
This variety differs from the typical species in having but 57 scales
in the lateral line instead of 60-64, in the absence of a dusky spot at
the tip of the occipital process, and by the presence of a dark spot on
the seventh dorsal membrane, some distance from its base.
Curimatus knerii Steindachner.
No. 34697. Probabl}^ from Para, Brazil, presented
))_y
J, C. Bre-
voort.
Anodus
latior Spix.
No. 44836.
Elopomorphus
No. 5926.
One specimen,
Gibbon
Bolivia,
collection.
elongatus (Spix).
One specimen
(type of
J^.
jordani)^ Bolivia, Gibbon
collection.
Hemiodus othonops Eig-enmann and Kennedy.

No. 2103. One specimen, Paraguay, Page
collection.
Rhytiodus microlepis Kner.

No. 5876. One specimen. Bolivia, Gibbon collection.
Distichodus fasciolatus Boulenger.
No. 44815.
?
One specimen, Congo,
Africa, collected by J. H.
Camp.
Distichodus brevipinnis Giinther.
No. 52096.
One specimen, Nile-Atbara
collection, collected
Junction, Sen ff -Expedition
by Bashford Dean.
Head 4^; depth 2t; eye 5; D. 2U; A. 15; scales 16-90-14. Lower
jaw with about 20 teeth. Distance between dorsals more than twice
LIST OF CHARACIN FISHES ETGENMANN
NO. 1556.
AND
OGLE.
About 12
the base of adipose; base of dorsal equals length of head.

indistinct cross bands, their lower ends
more or
to form a series of spots below the lateral

prominent and in part on the lateral line.
Prochilodus insig-nis Schomburgk.
One specimen,
No. 3070.
Bolivia,
line,
Gibbon
less
the
disconnected
first
spot most
collection.
Prochilodus vimboides Heckel.
One specimen,
No. 26696.
Brazil, presented
Comparative 7jOo]ogy.
Prochilodus beani Eigenmann, nevf
l)y
the
Museum
of
species.
Cat.
A specimen about 195 mm. long,

No. 1662, L'.S.N.M.
153 to end of lateral line. Truando, Colombia, collected l)}- A. Schott.
Cat. No. 1662ri', U.S.N.M.
A specimen about 195 mm.
Cotype.
long, 160 mm. to end of lateral line.
Tt/jh'.
Pig. 2. PRocHiLOors beani.
Allied to
platensln^
lyrevis^
ruhrotientatus, cepJialote.s,
magdalense.,
argentexts^
and scrofa.
Head
3.8 in length to end of lateral line (3.6 in cotype); depth 2f

D. 11; A. 11; scales 8-4l:-7 (8-43-7). Snout slightly projecting;
eye about -t in head, interorbital not quite 2; snout 2f; opercle faintly
striate; suborbitals covering about half the cheek; fontanel linear,
extending to nares; dorsal inserted over tenth scale of the lateral
(3);
line,
the ventrals below the tenth
equals length of head less upper
lip,
or eleventh;
height of dorsal
equal to the distance between the
dorsals; pectorals reaching ventrals; highest ray of anal reaching tip
of last; scales rough.
Dorsal with numerous paired spots before and behind the rays,
more conspicuous backward, sometimes joined into lines, absent
from first two or three rays; caudal luiiform except for a faint spot at
the base of its middle rays; anal and upper surface of pectorals dusky;
these
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIONAL MUSEUM.
faint stripes along the
rows of
scales; faint
vol. xxxiii.
dark cross shades.
These
specimens differ from the specimen of scrofa I'ecorded by Eigenmann

and Norris from Piracicaba in the number of scales (9-48-8), the
height of the dorsal (equals head less snout in front of nares), the
extent of the pectorals (to third scale in front of ventrals).
There
are other minor differences, but the two forms are evidently quite
Origin of dorsal over the eleventh scale of the lateral line,
similar.
origin of ventrals below the fifteenth.
Named
for Mr. Barton A. Bean, Assistant ^Curator, Division of
Fishes, United States National
Museum.
Prochilodus scrofa Steindacliner.
No. 21445. One specimen, Paraguay, Page collection.

No. 1632. One specimen, Paraguay, Page collection.
Parodon paraguayensis Eig-enmann, new species.

Parodon affinis Eigenmann and Kennedy (not Steindachuer),
Sci. Phila., 1903, p. 512.
No. 9953,
Proc. Acad. Nat.
I. U. Museum, a specimen 18 mm. long to l)a.se of

Asuncion, Rio Paraguay. Anisits.
No. 9953a, Museum of Indiana University. Numerous
Cotypes.
specimens, Asuncion. Also other specimens, Nos. 9952, 9975,
and 10237, Indiana University Mus., 35 to 105 mm. to base of caudal,
the largest 105 mm., Asuncion; and Cat. No. 1641, U.S.N.M., one
specimen 100 mm. to end of lateral line. Paraguay, Captain Page;
and Cat. No. 2108, U.S.N.M., 112 and 105 mm. to end of lateral line.
Teeth 2-4, 4-2; head 3.5 to 4; depth 4.33-5.5; I). 11 or 12; A. 8;
P. 12; scales 4-42 to 44-4; eye 3^-4 in head; snout 3; interorbital
about equal to snout; width of mandible 5-5^ in the length of the head.
Origin of dorsal equidistant from tip of snout and tip of adipose or
little
posterior; height of dorsal equal to head in front of upper
a
angle of gill opening; margin of dorsal obliquely truncate, the highest
rav extending beyond tip of last; adipose over anal; ventrals under
seventh or eighth dorsal ra}^ their tips 2 or 3 scales removed from
anus; tips of pectorals 4 scales removed from ventrals.
Scales highlv
iridescent; a dark band from tip of snout along lateral line to tip of
middle caudal rays, a silvery band below it; back with faint dark
Tijix'.
caudal.
cross shades.
Parodon piracicabae Eig-enmann, new species.

Parodon affinis Eigenmann and Norris (not Steindachuer),
Kevista
Museum,
Paulista, IV, 1900, p. 356.
No. 9292, Indiana University Museum, 108 mm. to end of

von Ihering.
Cotypes. No. 9292a, Indiana Universit}' Museum, 105 and 100 mm.
Type.
lateral line; Piracicaba,
to end of lateral line.

Piracicaba.
Teeth 2-4. 4-2; head 5; depth 4^^;
D. 12; A. 8; P. 14; scales 4-41 or 42-3; eye 3.6-4 in head; snout
about 3; interorbital about equal to snout; mandibles narrow, the
NO. 1556.
LIST OF CHARACIN FISHES EIGENMANX
width of their margin 6
in the
AXD OGLE.
length of the head; dorsal and ventral
outlines about equally arched".
Origin of dorsal about equidistant from tip of snout and middle of

adipose; highest dorsal ray about equal to length of head in front of
upper angle of
gill
opening,
its
margin obliquely truncate, the longest
ray scarcely projecting beyond tip of last ray; origin of ventrals l)elow
seventh to ninth dorsal ray, their tips one or two scales fron^ anus;
about 6 scales from ventrals.

dark stripe from tip of snout along lateral line to end of middle
caudal rays, another between first and second scale below dorsal from
occiput to adipose dorsal; a silvery band below the lateral band; a
dusky spot or twô in front of the dorsal; back with faint cross shades.
tips of pectorals
Anostomus
borellii
Boulenger.
Anostontus borclUi Boulexger, Boll. Miis. Univ. Torino.,
XV,
1900 (Carandasinlio,
near Corumba).
Anostomus fasciatus Eigenmann and Kennedy, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Not of Spix.
p. 512 (Eio Paraguay and Estancia la Armonia).
Sci. Phila., 1903,
U.S.N.M., 6 specimens, about 125 mm. to end of

Paraguay, Page collection.
These specimens differ from the tj-pe of ^1. hordlil in having 9 or
Cat. No. 1632,
lateral line,
1(>
anal ra3's instead of
8.
Anostomus isognathus Kner.
One specimen, Paraguay.
No. 2105.
Schizodon fasciatus Spix.
No. 34687.
No. 44834.
One specimen. Para, Brazil, presented by J.

One specimen, Bolivia, Giblôn collection.
C Brevoort.
Leporinus trifasciatus Steindachner.
No. 4942.
1860,
Page
No. 1629.
One specimen. Uruguay River
at Saltro,
September
17,
collection.
One specimen, Paraguay, Page
collection.
Leporinus frederici Bloch.
No. 1628.
collection.
Leporinus reinhardti Liitken.
No. 44958, probably one of the types, Lagoa Santa, Brazil.

Leporinus meg-alepis Giinther.
No. 44951, One specimen (one of the types of L. riKircgravli)^ Rio
das Velhas, Brazil.
?
Leporinus myuscorum. Steindachner.

No. 1656. Three specimens, Tiuando, Colombia, Michlerand Schott
collection.
D. 12, 12, 13; A. 10:
lat.
line 39, 40, 41.
Leporinus striatus Kner.

No. 34660. One specimen, presented by A
No. 1657.
Schott.
Two
C. Brevoort
(?).
specimens, Truando, Colombia, collected
by A.

VOL. XXXIII.
Leporinus taeniatus Iiutken.

No. 44952,
One specimen (probably one of the types), Rio das
Vellias, Brazil.
Lat. line 37; D. 13; A. 9; head, 4i; depth about 3f a dark lateral
Dorsal and anal rounded, the latter reachino- caudal.
sec;
band.
ond specimen, labeled taeniatus by Liitken, from Rio das Velhas,

Brazil, seems to be distinct.
Lat. line 36, D. 13; A. 11; head 4, depth about 4.
No markinu-s
apparent; anal and dorsal rounded, the former reaching caudal.
Leporinus parse Eigenmann, new species.
7}/pc'.Ciit. No. 34613, U.S.N.M.
Specimen 76 mm. to the end of
the lateral line.
Cotype.
Cat.
Para, Brazil.
No. 34613
Presented
(part).
]\y J. C.
Brevoort.
Specimen 63 mm.
to
end of the
lateral line.
Cotyj)es.
Cat.
No. 34575, two specimens, 126 and 74 mm. to end of

Presented by J. C. Brevoort.
the lateral lines, respectivel}^
Fig.
3.
Lepokim
par.e.
Allied to nattereri^ agassizii^ tnegalepis, and frederici.
D. 12; A. 10 or 11; scales 5-37 to 39-5. Comfrom nape to dorsal;

basis of dorsal more oblique than the slope posterior to the dorsal; eye
3f-4; snout 3, interorbital 2-2.25; maxillary groove extending to below
the point midway between the nostrils; nostrils close together or more
remote, teeth 4-4, rather small but sharp; dorsal and anal rounded,
Head
4;
depth
3;
pressed; profile slightly concave over eye, convex
highest anal rays reaching to the caudal,
much beyond
tips of last ray;
than length of head; caudal short, the

upper lobe about equal to the highest dorsal ray; pectorals not reacliing ventrals by the length of about 3 scales.
A small dark spot just behind the gill openings and below the lateral
line; a dark spot on the lateral line below the dorsal, another on the
highest dorsal ray
little
less
lateral line in front of the anal,
and a third just
in front of the caudal;
traces of a silvery streak along the lateral line as in Z. nattererl;
rows of scales, especially below the

back with faint traces of darker marblings.
lighter lines following the

line;
lateral
LIST OF CHARACIN FISHESEIGENMANN
NO. 1556.
Leporinus steindachneri Eigenmann,
new
specific
affinis Steindachner, Siisswf.

Arassuahy, tributary of the Rio Jequitinhonha).
Leporinus
Si'idostl.
AND
OGLE.
name.
Bras., II, 1875; p. 18, pi.
Not
iii
(Rio
of Giinther.
Cliaracidiuni fasciatum Reinhardt.

No. 44950, Rio das Velhas, Brazil, Reinhardt collection.
Cheirodon interruptus Jenyns.
A comparison of the specimens recorded by Eigenmann and Kennedy" as 6'. inten'-uplus and C. insiyni.s, with a specimen of caJllKruH
from Carandasinho, received from the British Museum, shows them
It is possible that these are distinct
to belong- to the same species.
from the C interruj)tns of Jenyns, but we are unable to point out the
difi'erences.
Cheirodon monodon Cope.
No. 11090, Museum of Indiana Universit}', one of the specimens

recorded by Eigenmann'' as Tetragonopterus fasciatus interruptus^
from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, seems to belong to this species.
Cheirodon ribeiroi Eigenmann, ne'w species.
Type.
mm,
J.
No.
10229,
Museum
to base of caudal.
D. Anisits.
3.4; depth
Head
3;
of Indiana University.
Specimen 35
Puerto Max, Paraguaj^ Basin.
Collected by
D. 11; A. 26; scales 5-33-1; eye 2^, much larger
than in C. interruptus., equal to postorbital portion of head, greater

than interof bital fontanels reaching a little beyond middle of ej'e;
;
teeth black; premaxillary with 4 very broad-tipped teeth, the middle
point not
much
greater than the lateral ones; each ramus of the man-
dible with 4 teeth (apparently no smaller ones
on the
sides); maxillar}^
comparatively long and slender, reaching be3"ond anterior margin of

the eye; pectorals reaching ventrals, ventrals not to anal; adipose lin
well developed; dorsal behind the ventrals.
A black line concurrent
with the back from eye to caudal peduncle; a large black humeral spot
above the lateral line, just posterior to base of pectorals; caudal spot
occupying the entire width of the caudal peduncle. Another much
smaller specimen from the Arrojô Pypucu probabh^ ))elongs to this
species.
It has one tooth multicuspid in each maxillar}.
Named in honor of the naturalist of the Brazilian National Museum,
Dr. Alipio de Miranda Ribeiro.
Cheirodon micropterus Eigenmann, new species.
Tetragonopterus
Not
Type.
mm.
hetlottii
Ulrey, in
part,
Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Sci.,
VIII, 1895,
p. 286.
of Steindachner.
No.
11092,
Museum
to base of caudal.
Santarem, Brazil.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1903.
&Ann. N. Y. Acad.
Specimen 27
Sci.,
VII,
p. 634.
10
vol. xxxnr.
Scales 6-31-4:; A. 20; head about 4; depths; eye 2.6, twice as long
but very
as snout,
little
greater than interorbital; maxillary short,
not extending beyond front of eye, with two teeth;
mouth
small, teeth
all
1)road-tipped and multicuspid, about 5 in each premaxillary, 4 or 5
in
each ramus of the lower jaw. Dorsal profile arched; origin of

midway between tip of snout and base of caudal. Pectoral
dorsal
short, just reaching ventral; ventrals not to anal.
No humeral
spot;
a well defined caudal spot not extending to the ends of the middle
rays, otherwise plain.
Odontostilbe microcephalus Eigenmann,
No.
Type.
mm.
11086,
in total length.
No.
Museum
new species.
Specimen 46
Rio Pilcomayo, Bolivia.
Museum of Indiana University. Specimen

from the same locality.
Both these specimens were received in exchange from the British
Museum, and were labelled Cheirodon pequira. They lack the complete dentition and the peculiar marking of the dorsal of pequira.
They seem to represent a new species of OdontoHt'dhe in its narrowest
Cotype.
45
mm.
sense; that
few
11086,
in total length,
teeth,
is,
the teeth are in a single series, the maxillary has but
and the
lateral line is complete.
This species
is
very nearly
with fugitiva.
Head 4.33; depth 4; D. 10; A. 18-20; scales 6-36-5; eye 3
allied to if not identical
in head,
equal to interorbital.
Elongate, slender, the dorsal and ventral profiles very little arched;
head very small, slightly convex; frontal fontanel reaching about to
middle of eye; mouth small, the maxillary slender, reaching to below
margin of eye; teeth broad, many pointed, the middle point prominent, 5 in each premaxillary, 1 on the maxillary and 6 graduated
ones on the mandibles; cheeks mailed, a narrow naked area betwêen
suborbitals and the vertical limb of the preopercle; origin of dorsal in
the middle of the length, behind the base of the ventrals; pectorals
not reaching ventrals, ventrals not to anal; caudal much longer than
head; lateral line decurved, running below middle of body. A silvery
latei'al band, a dusky spot at base of caudal.
Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann, new
species.
Aphyocarax anisUsl (part), Eigenmann and Kennedy, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila.,
1903, p. 517.
TyjJe.
No. 10025 museum of Indiana University;
to base of caudal,
specimen 26
mm.
Arroyo Chagalalina, Paraguay Basin.
Head 4; depth 3; A. 20; D. 9; scales 5-35-3; eye 3 in head, about

twice as long as snout; mouth minute, maxillary not reaching anterior
margin of orbit, its free surface very much convex; no teeth on maxillary, about 5 on each premaxillary and about 6 on each side of the
lower jaw, the middle one much the largest, the next two graduated,
the lateral ones miiuite; pectorals not quite reaching ventrals, ventrals
NO. 1556.
AND
OGLE.
11
Caudal
not (]ulte to anal; dorsal over posterior third of ventrals.
margin dusky; anal margin to the anterior lobe black, two or three
spots continuing the black to the beginning of the second third of the
ventrals dusky; dorsal with its basal half and
no humeral spot; back peppered, a f(^w large cells on
first full-lengtli ra\"s;
last ra3's black;
the opercle.
Named
honor of Dr. Richard Rathbun, of the U.
in
S. National
Museum.
Aphyocharax stramineus Eigernnann, ne-w
.l;j//?/ocoara.c aZiwr/;
p. 517.
Not
H.s
EiGENM ANN and Kennedy,
species.
Proc. Afad. Nat.
S^ci.
1903.
I'liila.,
of Giinther.
Museum of Indiana University. Specimen

Type. No. 10030.
mm. to base of caudal, Arroyo Trementina.
Head 4; depth 3; D. 10; A. 19; scales 5-35-3 (to ventrals): eye
25
"
2|
more than half the e3'e in length; dt)rsal and venequally arched; mouth very minute; premaxillar}' with 7
head; snout
in
tral outlines
little
teeth; maxillary short, its anterior face below the teeth semicircular,
about 2 teeth on its upper part; alôut 9 teeth on each side of the lower
jaw; maxillar}^ reaching to below posterior nostrils: pectoral not
reaching ventrals by 2 scales; \entrals not to anal; origin of dorsal
over last third of ventrals; adipose well developed; no distinct markings on tins.
A comparison of this specimen with specimens of A.
aJhiirnuK
makes
it
certain that
Holopristes riddlei Meek,
The two
new
it is distinct.
species.
species of Holopristes
may
Humeral spot surrounded by a bright
l)e
distinguished as follows:
ring; caudal spot
dark lirown,
wise plain; a sharp gray line between humeral and caudal
si>ots;
tinw other-
caudal
[)artly
peduncle very slender; dorsal posterior to origin of ventral; 6-8

scales of the lateral line perforate; A. 26-28; head oj-:^?; depth 2'^-2|; scales
scaled, the
5-31-3^
aa
humeral
ocellifet:
no caudal
and ventrals each with a con.>^picuous, jet-black spot; dorsal spot not extending upon the last ray, and leaving
base and tips of raj^s hyaline; anal spot covering the third, fourth, and fifth of
the rays forming the anterior lobe; ventral spot leaving the outer and inner
rays and bases and tips of all the rays hyaline; head about 4; depth 2.6; scales,
spot,
spot; dorsal, anal,
33; A. 21-23; eye 2.64 in head; snout 4.12; maxillary 2.2;

reaching ventrals, ventrals to anal
This species
is
named
for Dr. Oscar Riddle,
Genus
HEMIGRAMMUS
This genus differs from Astyana,/'

lateral line.
this respect,
"
One
some
of
its
who
pectorals
collected
not
riddlei.
it.
Gill.
onl}' in the
incompleteness of
its
species, i7iconstaiis., here described, varies in
of the specimens having* the lateral line complete,
This description is based on a specimen collected by Dr. Oscar Riddle at Los

Venezuela, and now in the collections of the Field Columbian Museum,
Ca.-:,ti]las,
Chicago.
12
others not.
Whether some
vol. xxxin.
of the specimens of this species examined
are vsimply abnornal variations, whether the species

able in this respect or whether
we
is
normally vari-
are dealing here with a mutation in
remains to be seen. If the species normally

forms a bridge between Astyanax and Ileiiugranni)u>< and the latter must be merged with the former.
(A similar
condition is found in MopnJchausia^ one of whose species, agassizi!^
occasionally presents specimens with an incomplete lateral line.) For
the present the two genera may be kept distinct.
The species of
Hemigramnius are all small, none of them reaching a length of 4 inches.
Most of them are much smaller. They are distributed from Oaxaca,
Mexico, to the Rio de la Plata and from Para to the Peruvian and
Ecuadorian Amazons. The}^ are not recorded from the Pacific slope.
the Devriesian sense
still
varies in this respect
As
the species are
it
all
small
we may expect many
H. unilineatus^ H.
additions to the
appear the most

widely distributed species, the first being recorded from Rio Grande
do Sul and the Paraguay Basin, the second from Trinidad to Bahia
and the last from the Rio San Francisco to the Amazons. Of the
19 species I have been able to examine all but elegans and rolnistulus.
genus.
TI.
lutheni^
gj'acilis
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HEMIGRAMMUS.

a Scales 30-36.
h Dorsal conspicuously marked with a well-defined black spot; anal with definite
markings.
c A deep humeral spot; dorsal almost entirely black, middle caudal rays, last
five anal rays and distal two-fifths of the remaining anal ra3\s black; D. 10
or 11; A. 27 or 28; depth 2f-3; head 3i-3f eye 2f-2J; scales 6 or 7-33
or 34-5 or 6, five scales with pores; maxillary with two teeth, each with 3
(Boulenger)
callistus (Boulenger) 1.
points of nearly equal length.
cc No humeral or caudal spots; a large black spot on the upper part of the
dorsal, sometimes obsolete; a narrow stripe of black from anus along margin
to the tip of the first anal rays; head 3.75; depth 2.75; eye 3 in the head;
uniiineaius ( Gill ) 2.
scales 6-34-5 five teeth in maxillary
bb Dorsal without well-defined markings.
d Anal with black markings.
e A milk-white stripe on the fore edge of the anal, and a rather broad
violet stripe immediately behind it; a faint lateral l)and; A. 24; head
3i-3f depth 2|-2|; scales 5 or 5i-30 or 31-4.
;
elegans, (Steindachner), 3.
(hi
Anal without definite dark markings.

/No humeral spot, caudal spot usually developed. (See ulreyi. )
g Maxillary without teeth; anal rays 17-19; height of anal nearly
equal to the length of
its
base; 4-7 perforated scales in the lateral
caudal deeply lobed; a large,

dark caudal spot extends to the end of some of the rays
and fades out anteriorly; an inconspicuous silvery lateral band;
depth 4; scales 32-30 to 32-2i
nanns (Reinhardt),4.
gg Maxillary with 2-4 conical or 3-pointed teeth.
h No caudal spot, maxillary with two minute conical or slightly
notched teeth; dorsal and anal falcate, caudal widely forked;
line;
pectoral nearly to ventral;
diffuse,
NO. 1556.
AND
OGLE.
13
anal 23-25; a suiall l)lack humeral spot, a blackish line along

the middle of the side and a black line along the base of the
anal; dorsal blackish at the end; depth. 22 -2|;
head 3^-3-2 eye

no maxillary
;
2 in the head; D. 10; scales 32-33, pores 8 or 9;
5.
ulre-i/i ( Boulenger)
not extending to the end of the rays,
fading out forward; maxillary with t^\o minute conical teeth;
a more or less conspicuous silvery lateral band; caudal deeply
lobed; dorsal behind the ventrals, the pectorals extending to the
ventrals, ventrals to anal; A. 21-24; head 41; depth 4; scales
5-32 or 33-4, 6-12 scales with pores
gracilis (Reinhardt) 6.
hhh Maxillary with four conical ornotched teeth; no lateral band; a
small dark spot at base of each caudal lobe, tins all plain; head
teeth
hh Sometimes a caudal
sjiot
3.85;
depth
2.66; D. 9; A. 19... riddlei
Meek, new
species, 7.
ggg Maxillary teeth with 4 or more points.

Maxillary with one 4-pointed tooth; a single median caudal sjjot
continued to end of middle caudal rays; dorsal over ventrals,
(
pectorals not nearly reaching ventrals, ventrals not to anal;
a black lateral line; dorsal scales margined with black; head 4;

depth 3.2; .scales 32, pores developed on 10 scales; A. 24.
Meek, new species, 8. &

abroad black band across
extending forward to a blunt point, and backmicropterus
a Maxillary with two 5-pointed

base of caudal,
ff
teeth;
ward as three prongs, a short one along the edge of each lobe
and a longer one along the middle rays but not reaching the
end of the rays; a dark lateral band; no humeral spot; depth
3, head about 3f; eye 2^.. tridens Eigenmann, new species, 9.
Caudal and humeral spots both developed.
j Maxillary teeth conical or 3-pointed.
k Maxillary with
one notched and two conical teeth
humeral
spot indistinct, small; a small, inconspicuous, silvery-gray

lateral band, margined above by a sharp, blue-gray line;
a well-defined caudal spot; eye very large, 2 in head;

snout 3^; A. 20-23; head 3|; depth 3; scales 5-30 or 31-3,
7-16 scales perforate
schmardie (Steindachner), 10.
kk Maxillary with one 3-pointed tooth.
I
22; scales about 30; maxillary 2.75 in head; a narrow

black lateral line lying deeper than the caudal spot and
not continued with it; caudal spot well defined, not
quite reaching to end of middle rays; lower half of caudal
Anal
blackish; basal two-thirds of anal dusky; ventrals reaching past origin of anal; pectorals past base of ventrals.
houlengeri
II
Eigenmann, new
species, 11.
in
A. 25-26;- scales 33-36; mouth large, maxillary
caudal spot rather abruptly continued to the end
middle caudal rays, gradually narrowed in front
dark lateral line; lower caudal lobe hyaline;
,'5
head,
of the
into a
distal
third of anal dusky; ventrals to anal, pectorals to origin

Based on specimens collected by Dr. O. Riddle at Los Castillas, on the Orinoco,
and now in the collections of the Field Museum of Natural History.
& Based on specimens collected by Dr. Oscar Riddle at Los Castillas, on the Orinoco,
and now in the collections of the Indiana University, and of the Field Museum
of Natural History.
14
vol. xxxiii.
of ventrals; scales 6-33 to 36-5 or 6; lateral line devel-
oped on 10-25
scales.
anisitsi
Eigenmann, new
species, 12.
kkk Maxillary with 5 small stout teeth; anal rays 27; humeral
spot not surrounded by a bright border; a greenish lateral band, humeral and caudal spots indistinct; middle
of caudal fin blackish;
body brown, muzzle black; max-
reaching to middle of the pupil; dorsal behind the

ventrals; head 3^; depth 2 J; eye 3 in the head; scales
illary
jj
7-3.5-6
robustulus Cope, 13.
Maxillary teeth multifid.
m Anal 20-22; maxillary 3 in head; eye 3.25 in head,
equals interorbital; maxillary with two 3- to 5-pointed
teeth; depth 3; head 3.6; scales 5-32-4; pectorals not
reaching ventrals. . santo Eigenmann, new species, 14.
mm
Anal 24-26; mouth small.

n Maxilliary with two broad,
7 or more pointed teeth!

eye equals interorbital, 2.75 in head; depth 2.3-2.6
in the length; head 3.7-4.4; scales 30-33; a humeral
spot; a distinct silvery lateral band ending in a
caudal spot which may or may not be continued to
the end of the rays
littkeni Boulenger, 15.
Maxillary with one very broad-tipped tooth much
shorter than eye; A. 24-26; depth 2.6-2.75; head
4; scales 6-32 or 33-5; an obscure humeral spot,
an indistinct lateral band; a conspicuous caudal
spot which is not continued on the middle caudal
rays; fins dusky; lateral line complete or incom-
mmm
inconstans,
plete
fff
No caudal
liumeral spot
new
two minute, conical

intense dark brown surrounded by a bright
maxilliary with
spot;
species, 16.
teeth;
ring,
the
round
o\'al; a sharply marked blue-gray line along sides to

base of caudal; dorsal behind the ventral; pectorals reaching ventrals, ventrals to anal; eye 2-2J in head; snout 4; A. 22-24; head
35-3|; depth 3J-3f scales 5-31 or 32-3, 5-7 scales with pores.
or vertically
hellottii
ffff
(Steindachner), 17.
No
caudal or true humeral spot, a very conspicuous dark lateral band

expanded anteriorly and bordered above by a very evident silvery
band; anai with the first six rays elongate; maxilliary with 4 conical
teeth, reaching nearly to the center of the pupil; D. 10; A. 20-23;
head
3^;
depth
3;
eye 2J in head;
lat.
line 32-34.
heierorhabdus (Ulrey), 18.

/(
Scales 40-48.
head4|; depth
with interruptions to the last fourth
of the anal; a narrow dusky lateral band; maxillary with one minute, 3-pointed tooth.
scales 10-40 to 45-8;
Anal rays 40^6;
2^; lateral line
kennedyi Eigenmann,
00
Based
19.
head 3^; depth 22

D. 11; much compressed; no lateral bands or spots;
dorsal with a conspicuous spot on the basal half of
the anterior rays; maxillary with 5 notched or
compressus Meek, 20.
conical teeth
Anal rays 25 to
27; scales 45-48;
on Liitken's Tetragonopterus
interruptus.
NO.
LIST OF CHARACIN FISHES EWENMANN
15.'S6.
AND OGLE.
15
HemigTammus nanus Lutken.

No. 44958. Four specimens from Lagoa Santa, Brazil, presented by
No maxilDr. Chr. Liitken. These are probably some of the types.
lary teeth.
Hemigrammus
gracilis Liitken.
No. 44959. Four specimens, probably from Lagoa Santa, Brazil,

A microscopic preparation shows the maxillary
presented b}^ Lutken.
to have two conical teeth, scarcely projecting beyond the margin of
the jaw.
Hemigrammus micropterus Meek,

Type.
No.
1OS02.
ne-w species.
Museum
thirteen-sixteenths inch long;
of
Los
Indiana
Castillos,
University.
Specimen
Venezuela; Oscar Riddle,
collector.
Head
4;
depth 3.2; A. 24; scales 4-32-4; maxillary reaching to
front of pupil; eye 2f in head; interorbital about equal to eye; maxillary^ with a single, 4-pointed tooth.
Pectorals reaching within one
scale of the ventrals, ventrals not quite to anal; origin of dorsal
gins, a black lateral line,
most intense above
anal, not quite reaching
the caudal spot, which extends to the end of the middle
Hemigrammus
Type.
over
Scales of the back with rather broad dark mar-
origin of ventrals.
ra3^s.
Eigenmann, new species.

No. 11262, Museum of Indiana University.
tridens
Specimen 20
Arroyo P^^pucu, Paraguay Basin, collected
nmi. to base of caudal.
by J. D. Anisits.
Cotype.
mm.
No.
11262a,
Museum
to base of caudal.
of Indiana University, specimen 18
Arroyo Pypucu, Paraguay Basin,
collected
by J. D. Anisits. Head 3.4; depth 3; A. 16-19; lateral line probably

between 30 and 35; eye 2.4 in head, considerably longer than the
width of the interorbital. Maxillary extending to below eye, nearl}^
to the pupil, with two 5-pointed teeth, the points nearly equal in
length; premaxillary teeth with five long points, the middle one much
the largest.
Origin of dorsal behind the ventrals, about equidistant
between base of middle caudal raj'S and middle of eye. Anal short,
its origin about equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and origin
Ventrals reaching anal, pectorals not to ventrals.
A
rather broad, blackish band overlying a deeper black line; a jet-black
of pectorals.
band across end of tail, continued forward to a blunt median point

and backward along the edge of each caudal lobe and along the middle
caudal rays, but not to their tips.
Hemigrammus boulengeri Eigenmann, new

Tetragonopierus fasciutus interruptus
(Rio Grande do Sul)

Tyj)e.
Not
species.
part,
Ann. N. Y., VII,
3.33;
1894, p. 634
Lutken.
No. 11073, Museum of Indiana Universit3\
Specimen 36 mm.
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, von Ihering.
depth 2.66; A. about 22; lateral line about 30; eye
to base of caudal, 45 over
Head
of
Eigenmann,
all.
16
2.6 in head; maxillary 2. 75; interorbital 2.75.
vol.
xxxm.
Maxillary with one
3-pointed tooth; ventrals reaching past origin of anal, pectorals past
base of ventrals; highest anal
raj^
1^ in the base of anal.
Humeral
spot vertically elongate, distinct; a narrow, black lateral line lying
deeper than the caudal spot and not connected with it; caudal spot
well defined, not quite extending to end of middle rays; lower half of
caudal with many pigment cells, blackish, upper half hyaline; basal
two-thirds of anal dusky.
Named for Dr. G. A. Boulenger, of the British Museum of Natural
History.
Hemigrammus
Hemifjrammus
anisitsi
liltkeni
Eigenmann, new
species.
Eigenmaxn and Kennedy,
1903, p. 519 (Estancia la
Armenia).
Not
part, Proc.
Acad. Nat.
No. 10182, Museum of Indiana University,

Cotypes. No. 10182a, three specimens as above.
Cotypes. No. 9995, Museumôf Indiana University.
Tyjye.
mm.
a specimen 37
long, Villa Rica, J. D. Anisits.
mm.
22
Sci. Phila.,
of Boulenger.
Head
Ten specimens
long, Estancia la Armonia, J. D. Anisits.
depth 2.75; A. 21-26; lateral line 33-36; eye about 2.75

than interorbital. Mouth comparatively large, maxillary not nearly reaching to end of first suborbital, about 3 in head,
having a single, 3-pointed tooth. Highest anal ray 1.5 in the anal
3.5;
in head, greater
basis; ventrals to anal, pectorals to origin of ventrals; origin of dor-
equidistant from base of middle caudal rays and front of eye.

Caudal spot forming a band on the end of the caudal peduncle, faintest above and below, rather abriqjtly continued posteriorly to the end
of the middle caudal ra3^s, gradually narrowed in front into a dark
lateral line; caudal lobes hyaline; humeral spot vertically elongate;
sal
distal third of anal dusk}'^, basal two-thirds of anterior rays free
from
pigment.
Named
for Prof. J. D. Anisits, of Asuncion, Paraguay.
Hexnigrammus
santse
Eigenmann, new
species.
Tetragonopterus rivularis interrupta LtJTKEN, Velhas-Flodens Fiske, XIII, 1875, p. 215
(Lagoa Santa).
Type. C&t No. 55652, U.S.N.M.

comparison of specimens sent by Doctor Liitken to the National
Museum, No. 11960, from Lagoa Santa shows that two of the specimens have a complete lateral line and two have it interrupted. They
There is
represent, respectively, 'Liitken''s Jusciatus and interru2Jt us.
no doubt but that these specimens are specifically and genericall}' distinct.
The latter is a Heinigraiiiinus and differs, aside from the generic
In 1894 I recorded specicharacters, in the proportions and color.
mens of H. interruptiLS from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A reexamination of these in connection with Liitken's specimens shows that they
are not specifically identical with Liitken's specimens, and probably
represent two distinct species, hoidengeri and lutkeni. Liitken's speci-
NO. 1556.
mens which may be

2.6;
called santdd
head 3.5; A. 21; eye
AND
OGLE.
17
have the following- characters: Depth
3.5, slio-htly
longer than snout; interorbital
3 in head; maxiliar}^ slight]}- longer than interorbital; scales 6-30-3^.
second specimen: scales 5-33-3^.
HemigTammus
inconstans Eig-enmann and
7]/7A. Cat. No.
Para
(?),
Og-le,
species.
U.S.N.M., presented by
3J:5il,
One specimen, 44 mm.
Brazil.
new
J. C.
Brevoort,
long- to base of caudal (58
over all).
Tt/pe. Cat. No. 55652, U.S.N.M.
Scales 6-32-4i; A. 26; laterallineonleftiJ
j^
4
7
3 +7
on right IS -\- 14 +^; one maxillary tooth.
One specimen 39 nun. to base of caudal (50 over
Cottjpe.
Scales 6
32
5; A. 26; lateral line on left i^:>
1
;^
16
2
7
on right 17
9
3.
One specimen 45 nun. to base of caudal (about 57 ovêr
Cotype.
Scales 6
32
5; A. 26; lateral line complete.
+ + +
+ + ^,
+
+ + + +
all).
=?,
all).
Fig.
4.
HEMiyRAMMUs
inconstans.
Cotype. Ône specimen 38 mm.
to base of caudal (about 51 over all).

A. 26; lateral line complete.
Cotype.
One specimen 37 mm. to base of caudal (47 over all).
Scales 6
33 + 5; A. 24; lateral line complete to the last two or three
scales, which are without pores.
Depth 2.6-2.75; head about 4; eve equals interorbital, 2f-3 in head;
snout 4 in head; maxillary not reaching to end of first suborbital,
Scales 6
+ 32 +
5;
much
shorter than ejê, with a single tooth.

Origin of dorsal behind base of ventrals, pectorals reaching slightly
beyond base of ventrals; ventrals nearly or quite to anal. Highly
iridescent; an obscure vertical humeral spot, an indistinct lateral band;
a conspicuous caudal spot which is not continued on the middle rays.
Fins all dusky. This species is evidently very closely related, if not
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
Those
xxxiii 07
in italics
with pores,
PROdEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
18
vol. xxxiii.
with Cope's Astyanax phoenicopterus. There seems no doubt

that the five specimens before us belong to the same species, although
they do not have the same generic characters. Of the species of
Ilemigr'cunmuH it approaches Jiltheni most closely.
identical,
Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier.
No. 39403. One specimen, Brazil, collected by H. H. Rusby.

No. 44831. One specimen, Bolivia, Gibbon collection.
No. 1631. Paraguay, Page collection.
Genus
ASTYANAX
Baird and Girard.
In the difiicult and highly interesting group of Characins there is

difficult nor more highly interesting genus than Astyanax.
no more
toward Ilemigramnms, which is like an Astyanax with

an incomplete lateral line, toward Iletn'Jynjco)}^ which is like an
Astyanax with a completely denticulated maxillary, toward Moeiikhausid., which is like an Astyamix with a scaled caudal; and especially
to\f 2i,rdi Petersliis (which appears to be its African counterpart), together
with its universal distribution in tropical and subtropical America, all
Its divergence
indicate its central position in the system of Characins.
species are well marked, but for the
Some
of
The
species within which the specific characters are not well fixed.
most notable of these groups
is
its
most part there are groups of
Astyanax rutilm.
distributed species, with which
that centering in
This is a widel}^ variable, univer.sally

throughout its distribution there are allied closely related species. In
In the
the south are iherlngli^fasciatus, cuvleri, and perhaps others.
north, notably in Central America, Mexico, and Peru, there is an espeIt will require
cially trj'ing series of species, varieties, or local forms.
much larger series representing a much wider array of localities than
are at
my command to finally
describe the status of these forms.
Those
of the northernmost localities, north of central Mexico, represented

from 20 to 25 may
b}^ specimens with a small number of anal rays
readily be set aside as viexlcanm.
From
southern Mexico there have
been vecovdiQA fasciatus { rutilus) and aeneus (Oaxaca). Through the

courtesy of Prof. S. E. Meek, I have been able to examine many
specimens from Perez, all of which appear to be xneus, and others
from Montzorongo, some of which are seneus^ and others with a larger
eye and maxillary extending considerably beyond origin of e3ê may ( ?)
represent rutilus.
From the Pacific slope of Guatemala have been recorded rutilus^
micropldhalmuH^ and luiwiJh. I am not acquainted with either of the
two latter. From the Atlantic slope probably come rutilus, seneus^
and hrevimmius ; the last, a species with few anal rays, is probably a
mexicanus. From Nicaragua have been recorded mrstedii, which is
not distinguishable from s'neus or rutilus., and nicaraguensis^ which is
distinguished by the increased number of maxillary teeth.
LIST OF CIIARACIN FISHES EIO ENMANN
NO. 1556.
Astyanax
AND
OGLE.
19
cuvieri Lutken.
No. 41!>61. Rio das Velhas (?), Brazil, Lutken.

Two specimens
agree with Liitken's (Velhas Flodens Fiske) tig. 13. They are marked
They differ conspicuously from specimens of rutilus from
eurierl.
Para and Rio Grande do Sul. In the largest specimen (19 mm. to
base of caudal) we have depth 3.33; head 3.66; A. 29; scales 7-37-5;
eye
2.5; maxillary long, equal to length of eye;
3.66.
Liitken's figure 11 represents a
typical rutilus
Astyanax
1; interorbital
and the specimens at hand.
ihering-ii
No. 39132.
snout
form intermediate between the
La
Boulenger.
Paz,
W.
E.
collected
by
Montevideo, Uruguay, collected
))y
Satiord.
No.
39117.
One specimen, Montevideo, Uruguay,
Arechavaleta.
Astyanax
fasciatus Cuvier.
Museum of Indiana University, Rio Grande do Sul, BraDepth 2-^; A. 21; eye 3.6, equal
a 102 mm. to base of caudal.
to snout; maxillary longer than eye, 3+ in head; bon}' interorbital,
2.66 in head; an oval humeral spot.
No. 1889.
zil,
1)
Depth 2.6; A. 21; eye 2.8; snout 1;
76 mm. to base of caudal.
maxillary a))out length of eye; bony interorbital 2.8 in head.
Depth 2.66; A. 25; eye 2.8; snout 3i;

e 73 nnu. to base of caudal.
maxillary not quite as long as eye; bon}^ interorbital 2.8.
On account of the small eye and wide interorbital the first of these
specimens can readily be distinguished from specimens of A. rutilus^
but otherwise, as stated under ^1. rutilus^ there is such an intergrading between the two species that we are very doul>tful whether they
are distinct.
No. 11960 (part). Lagoa Santa, Brazil.

Presented l)y Dr. Chr.
Lutken.
These specimens represent Liitken's A. rhularis. They agree very
closely with the specimens of ^1. fasciatus from Rio Grande do Sul.
a 70 mm. to base of caudal. Depth 3.25; head 1; A. 21; e3'e 3.75,
equal to snout; interorbital 3 in head; maxillar}^ e(jual to interorbital.
A second specimen has anal 23; scales 6-36-3.
Scales 6-33-3i.
Astyanax rutilus (Jenyns).
lam not at all sure that rutilus andyasciatus are distinct species. I
have numerous specimens from a variety of localities. In the more
southern ones and those along the southeast coast of Brazil there are
a few in which the number of anal rays is slightly less than in those
from the Paraguay River. In depth there is a wide diflerence, ranging
from the variety jequitinkonhce^ whose depth is 3 in the length, to
specimens from Tiete, in which it is 2.25. In a small specimen. If
inches, from Piracicaba, the depth is even 1 in the length.
The shoul-
20
vol.
xxxm.
der spot differs very widely in distinctness. A similar condition exists

at the northern end of the range of this widely distributed species.
Specimens from Nicaragua {(crstedH) are not distinguishable.
bet-
marked variety is the many-toothed nlcdraguensia. Still further

north comes xneas^ and tiuall}' inexicanus. It will take a large series
ter
of specimens to demonstrate the validity of these varieties.

I
add details of a numljer of specimens
in the
museum
of Indiana
University and the National Museum.
Specimens collected by elohn W. Titcomb for the U. S. Fish Commission at Cordova, Argentine, are like those collected b}" Page in
Asuncion, Paraguay.
Depth 2f; A. 27; ejê 3 in head;
a 88 mm. to base of caudal.
maxillar}^ ver}- slightly longer than eye; bony interorbital 8 in head;
shoulder spot not evident.
Depth 2.8; A. 30; eye 3.2 in head;
h 94 mm. to base of caudal.
maxillary equal to eye; bony interorbital 2.9 in head; shoulder spot
faint.
c
101
mm.
to base of caudal.
maxillary equal to
ejê;
Depth
2.75; A. 28; eye 3 in head;
bon}^ interorbital 3.2 in head; shoulder spot
faint.
No. 9267. Museum of Indiana University. Rio Tiete, Brazil, Von

Ihering collection.
a 90 mm. to base of caudal. Depth 2f A. 27; eye 3; maxillary
slightl}^ shorter than eye; snout 3.7; interorbital equal to eye; scales
6-36-6.
very faint humeral spot.
;
and
are
mm.
much
deeper.
Depth 2.25; A. 26; eye 3.1; maxilsnout 4 in head; interorbital 2.8; humeral spot
scarcely evident; scales 6-34-5.
Depth 2.25; A. 24; ej'e 3.3; maxilc 99 mm. to base of caudal.
lary equal to ej^ê; snout 4 in head; interorbital 2.8; humeral spot
I
97
to base of caudal.
lary equal to eye;
scarcely evident; scales 6-34-().

all nuich deeper than the usual rutiJus.
No. 10788. Museum of Indiana University. Rio Tiete, Brazil, Von
Ihering collection.
a 63 mm. to base of caudal, 78 mm. to tips of caudal. Depth 2.5;
A. 23; eye 3; maxillary' slightl}^ shorter than ejê; snout 4; interor-
These specimens are
bital equal to eye; scales 5-35-5.
vertical
humeral spot; caudal
band almost obsolete.
Depth 2.66; A. 25; scales 5-35-5.

h 48 mm. to base o,f caudal.
These specimens are much slenderer than the older ones from the
same place. Caudal band reduced to the minimum; shoulder spot
well developed.
No. 10786.
Museum
tary of the Parana.
Rio Grande, a tribu-
NO. 1556.
LIST CF CTFARACTN FISHES EIGEmfANN
AND
OOLE.
21
117 mm. to base of caudal. Depth 2.()H; A. 28; eye 3.1; maxillaiy
equal to snout; snout 3.0; interorbital 2.0; humeral spot faint; scales
()-39-5i.
Museum
No. 10T8T.
Grande do
73
mm.
Rio Camaguam, Rio
Sul, Brazil,
to base of caudal.
equals four-tifths diameter of
humeral spot
No. 92!>1:.
Depth
3 in head; snout 4;
above ventrals).
Rio Grande do Sul,
faint; scales 7-39-()
Museum
2|; A. 30; eye 2.75; maxillary
ejê; interorbital
(tt
Brazil.
This was considered ])y Eig'enmann and Norris to be scahrip/nnis',

may ha fasclatus or rutHiis.
Depth 2.6; A. 25; cjê 2.5; maxillary three-fourths as lono- as eye;
but
snout 4; interorbital 3+ in head. Humeral spot faint; scales 7-34-5^.

No. 9285.
Museum of Indiana Universitv. Piracicaba. This was
considered by Eigenmann and Norris to \>q, je<pMt'in}ion]va'
a 92
A. 30;
mm.
C3ê
to base of caudal.
3,
ver}-
Very
similar to 10787.
Depth 2f
slightly longer than the maxillary;* snout 4.2;
humeral spot not evident; .scales (5-35-0.

Depth 3; A. 29; ejê 3, equal to the
maxillary; snout 4; interorbital 3.25; no evident humeral spot.
Depth 4; A. 24 at least;
c 11 mm. to base of caudal = new species ^
interorbital 3.2;
J)
equal to maxillary in length; snout 3.75; interorbital 3; very

humeral spot; scales 5-39-4.
No. 9268. Museum of Indiana University. Taubate.
Depth 2.5; A. 29; eye 3.2, equals length
of maxillar}^; snout 4 in head; bony interorbital 2.G; humeral spot
eye
3,
faint
faint; scales 8-39-6.
Anal rays and scales in other specimens in the nuiseum of Indiana

University from Paragua}^ are as follows:
From Asuncion, A. 25-30; scales 5-37 to 38-4.
From Villa Rica, A. 24-27; scales 34 to 35.
From Arroyo Chagalalina, A. 25; scales 30.
From Bahia Negra, A. 20 to 27; scales 35 to 30.
No. 1624. Three specimens, Paragua}^ Page collection.
a 93 mm. to base of caudal. Depth 3; A. 30; eye 3 in head, snout
3.60; maxillary equals length of eye; bony interorbital 3+ in head.
Depth 3; A. 30 (3+27); eye 3 in
head, snout 4; maxillary equals length of eye; bony interorbital, 3^^
1>
in head.
Depth 3; A. 31; eye 3 in head, snout

maxilhuy equals length of eye; bony interor])ital, 3+ in head.
No. 3004. One specimen, Paraguay, Page collection. 95 mm. to
base of caudal.
Depth 2|; A. 30; eye 3 in head, snout 4; maxillary
equals length of eye; bony interorbital 3 in head.
c
3.8;
103 nun. to base of caudal.
22
No. 34590.
vol.
xxxm.
Locality probably Para, Brazil, presented by J. C.
Brevoort.
a 52
mm.
Depth 2.06; A.
to base of caudal.
28; eye 2.75, maxillary
nearly equals eye; interorbital 3; a faint humeral spot; scales 6-38-T

(5
above ventral).
1)
mm.
57 mm.
70
Depth
Depth
to base of caudal.
A. 30; scales 0-37-6.

2f; A. 21); scales 6-39-6.
2|;
to base of caudal.
No. 34589 (part). Para, Brazil, presented
c
l)v J.
C. Brevoort.
Three
specimens, A. 28, 29, and 29.

No. 8225. Napo or Maranon, Brazil, Orton collection. This specimen is 108 mm. long- and is probably the Astyaiia.e cdrollme of Gill.
The only
serious discrepancy seems to be in the leng'th of the maxilwhich

lary,
Gill says extends to the end of the first suborbital l)elow
from
the anterior margin of the pupil.
the vertical
Length to base of caudal, 85 nun.; depth 32 mm.; head from tip of
snout to end of opercle 22 mm.; eye ^^\\ interorbital 8; A. 26; scales
6-36-5; maxillary reaching ])eyond origin of eye, not to end of first
suborbital; no teeth on maxilUuy.
Caudal spot continued to end of
faint.
middle rays; humeral spot
No. 1659 (part). Eight specimens, 112-141 mm. long, Truando,
Colombia, Michler and Schott collection.
These specimens are in all essential characters ^1. ratUus.
They average larger than specimens from other localities.
a A. 27, D. 10; scales 0-38-5^.
I A. 27, D. 11; scales 0-38-6.
c A. 28, D. 11; scales 0-38-5^.
d A. 20, D. 11; scales 6-38-5.
e A. 31, D. 12; scales 6-38-5.
A. 27, D. 11; scales 6-37-5i.
g A. 28, D. 10; scales 6-38-5.
h A. 29, D. 11; scales 6-37-5.
The depth ranges from 2f-2|; head 4-4^; eye 3; maxillary a1)out
equal to the eye; interorbital 2^-3.
No. 32515. Two specimens, Truando (^), Colombia, A. Schott. A.

Averag-e number of anal rays of all
29-30; scales 6-37-7; 7-37-6.
the
Truando specimens
No. 19904.
West
Two
28.3.
specimens, 115 and 120
mm.
to base of caudal.
A. 29; scales 7-37-6 to ventrals.

Twenty-three specimens. Central America. A. 28-32.
Central America.
coast of Central America.
No. 19906.
No. 19913.
Astyanax
Two
species.
rutilus cerstedii Liitken.
series
of
si)ecimens
from Nicaragua
They are intermediate between
represent
typical rKtilus
Liitken's
and
semens^
and could without violence be placed either with rutilus or with

seiieus.
N0.1556.
LIST OF CHARACiN FISHES EIGENMANN
AND
OGLE.
23
The}" are as follows:
No. oTSiiS.
Nicaragua, Central America, Branst'ord collection.
Beginning- with the largest of the 11 specimens under this number,
we have
the following:
a A. 29; scales T-3S-(i; a humeral spot, a band-like caudal spot;
depth 2|.
h A. 31; scales 8-3T-T; a huiueral spot, a band-like caudal spot;
depth 2|.
G A. 32; scales 7-?-?; a humeral 'spot, a ))and-like caudal spot;
depth 2|.
d A. 30; scales 7-38-T; a humeral spot, a band-like caudal spot;
depth 2|.
The anal ra\"s in detail are one with 27, five witii 21>, two with 30,
one with 31, two with 32; average 2i>.7. JVIaxillary usiudly with 2
teeth, sometimes but one.
No. 39918. Nicaragua, presented by L.
F.
II.
Birt:!
Eight
specimens.
A humeral
and a caudal spot, the latter distinct and band-like; scales

and the coiuit, therefore, uncertain.
A. 30; scales 7-34-6; depth 2f.
A. 28; scales 7-35-0; depth 2|.
A. 28; scales 7-37-6; depth 3.
The anal ra3"s are, one with 27, three with 29, two with 30, two with
lost at origin of lateral line,
31; average, 29.5.
Astyanax
Maxillar}" alwa3^s with 2 teeth.
rutilus nicaraguensis
Type Cut.
No. 55653,
Eigenmann and
U.S.N.M.
Ogle,
From
new
subspecies.
Nicaragua, Biansford
collection.
Cotypes.
Several specimens from the same source.
Maxillar}' slender, having 2-7 teeth, in the latter case the teeth
extending along more than half the length of the bone. Of 35 specimens, there are 9 with 2 teeth, 2 with 3 teeth, 5 with 4 teeth, 5 with
5 teeth, 5 with 6 teeth, 5 with 7 teeth, 3 with 8 teeth, and one with 9
teeth on the maxillary.
Three have 27 anal rays, twelve have 28, eight have 29, ten have 30,
three have 32; average 29.
It is possible that the specimens with numerous maxillary teeth are
all
males.
In general characters the specimens agree with the specimens identitied as a>rstedii.,
and those with but two maxillary teeth are
guishable from them.
The
indistin-
fact that such a large per cent, of specimens
have a large number of maxillary teeth entitles them to a separate

name.
Astyanax
rutilus, variety?
No. 43597. Two specimens. Mexico, presented by A. Duges.

24

In one the interorbital is distinctly
in the other just equal to
is
2f in the head.
The
it;
less
vol.
xxxm.
than the diameter of the eye,
the maxillary about equal to the eye, which
pectorals extend a
bej'ond the origin of
little
the ventrals.
These specimens and the next one have much larger ej-es than speciI am not able to say definitel}' what the
of a^neus from Mexico.
Specimens collected b}^ Meek at Montof the variet}^ should be.
zorongo and labeled neus belong in part to seneus and in part to this
mens
name
large-eyed variet3^
No. 44946. One specimen. Veracruz, Mexico, collected by A. L.

Herrera.
caudal band and a humeral spot?.
A. 31; scales 8-38-7; depth 2f; eye 2f; maxillarj^ not equal to the
eye; interorbital not quite equal to eye; eye 2f in head.
Astyanax rutilus aeneus Giinther.

We have been able to examine a
this species collected
by Prof.
S. E.
ver}^ large series of
Meek
in
specimens of
Mexico and by Newton
Miller in Guatemala.
No. 10928.
ico;
Meek
Museum
of
Montzorongo, Mex-
Indiana University.
collection.
No. 10929.
Museum
Perez, Mexico;
Meek
collection.
No. 11129.
Museum
of
Indiana University.
Sulphur River, 3^
miles west of Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, collected by
Newton
Miller.
No. 11130. Museum of Indiana University. Rio Motagua at El

Rancho, Guatemala.
No. 11131. Museum of Indiana University. Rio Tenedores at
Tenedores, Guatemala.
No. 11132 and 11135. Museum of Indiana University. RioKilagua
at Los.Amates, Guatemala.
No. 11133. Museum of Indiana University. RioGualan at Gualan,
Guatemala.
No. 11134. Museum of Indiana University. Rio Motagua at Gualan, Guatemala.
No. 11136. Museum of Indiana ITniversity. Rio Managua at Algeria, Guatemala.
Brook east of Los
No. 11137. Museum of Indiana UniversitvAmates, Guatemala.
No. 11138. Museum of Indiana University. Swamp one-half mile
east of Los Amates, Guatemala.
Specimens from Guatemala are broader headed than those from
Mexico.
1 doubt very much whether specimens of yasc^W'^s and nie.vicanus^
rtitilus^ (Fr.'^ted/'/\ and ^??(??i.s', if freshh" collected, similarly preserved,
and mixed in one heap, could be separated specifically.
N0.155C..
LIST OF CHARACIX FISHES EIGEXMANN
AXD OGLE.
25
selected at random two have

two have 26. five have 27, six have 28. one has 29, two
have 30, and two have 31; average 27.8.
Of twenty specimens from No. 10929 one has 23 ra3's, three have 25,
seven have 26, seven have 27, two have 28; average 26.25.
Of ten specimens from No. 11136 one has 25 anal ra3%s, four have 27.
two have 28, three have 29; average 27.8.
It is seen from the above that the Mexican specimens are more
nearl}' like niexlcanus than the Guatemalan specimens, having 26.25
rays, as compared with 27.8.
Of twenty specimens from No. 11134
25 anal
raj's,
Astyanax mexicanus
No. 836.
No. 869.
(Filippe).
Nineteen specimens, collected by
One specimen, Rio Nueces, Texas,
B. Kennerly.
collected b}^ J.
D.
Graham.
Two specimens. Devils River, Texas, collected by A. D.

Type.
No. 870. Eight specimens, Rio Leone, Texas, collected by J. D.
Graham. A. 20-24.
No. 871. Three specimens, collected b}' fl. D. Graham.
No. 875. Fourteen specimens, Comanche Springs, Texas, collected
b}" J. D. Graham,
No. 875. Eight specimens. Elm Creek, Texas, collected by J. D.
No. 869.
Graham.
Graham.
No. 876. Twenty-four specimens, Devils River, Texas, collected hj
D. Graham.
No. 877. Twenty-nine specimens, Brownsville, Texas, collected b}"
Captain Van Vliet.
No. 881. Three specimens, Rio Seco, Texas, collected by C. B.
Kennerly.
No. 882. Eight specimens, Comanche Spring, Texas, collected by
J.
Heermann.
No. 884. Eleven specimens, Caderita, Texas, collected by D.
Couch. Type. A. 21-24.
No. 885. Five specimens, China, near Leon. Texas, collected
D. N. Couch. Type.
No. 886. Eight specimens, Caderita, near Leon, Texas, collected
D. N. Couch.
No. 8796. Twenty-one specimens. (?) (?)
No. 8969. Twenty-two specimens, Stockton, Texas, collected by
N.
by
by
P.
Dutiy.
No. 20095.
Clarke.
One specimen, Rio Grande, Texas,
collected
by
J.
H.
Type.
No. 20264.
L. B. Couch.
Thirtv-four specimens, Matamoras, Texas, collected bv
26
No. 34597.
Two
vol.
xxxm.
specimens, Mexico, collected by A. Duges.
A.
27-28.
No. 44641.
Five specimens, Las Moras Creek, Texas, collected by
E. A. Mearns.
No. 49076.
Thirty-five specimens. Fort Clai-k, Texas, collected
by
E. A. Mearns.
No.
Four specimens,
(?).
The
by C. B. Kennedy. Type.
Monterey (?), collected by D. N.
(i) collected
Six specimens, near
No. (?).
Couch.
anal rays in specimens at
random from
different localities
were
as follows:
Two
have 20 rays; two have 21; ten have 22; seventeen have 23;
seventeen have 24; two have 25; average 23.
Astyanax
fischeri Steindachner.
Through the
examine a large
courte.s}- of
Prof. C. H. Gilbert I have been able to
number of specimens from
the Pacific slope of Panama.
These specimens present the following characteristics:

A vertical humeral spot bordered in front and behind by a light
area; a second vertical .spot behind the light area; a lateral band silvery
or plumbeous ending in a caudal spot on the last (5) rows of scales,
not continued on the middle caudal rays; caudal and anal narrowly
margined with dusky; all markings more or less distinct.
Maxillary with 1 to 3 teeth; eye 3-3.2 in head, 1-1.25 in the interorbital, distinctl}" longer than snout; maxillary equals length of snout.
Dorsal behind the ventrals. Head, 4; depth, 2.4-2.7; scales, 6i-7i;
34 to 37-5i to 6i; A. 23 to 26.
The scales and anal in a number of specimens are as follows:
Scales 7-36-6; A. 28.
Scales 7-37-6; A. 26.
Scales 7-37-5; A. 27.
Scales 7-35-6; A. 25; female.
Scales 7-37-6; A. 25.
Scales 6-35-5; A. 23.
Scales 7-35-5; A. 27; male.
Scales 7^35-6; A. 25.
Scales 7-36-6; A. 25.
Scales 7-35-5; A. 25.
In one small specimen the scales are 7-35-7; A. 27.
One specimen, Panama, presented by Capt. J. M. Dow.
No. 16678. Rio Frijole, Panama, Bransford collection. A. 24-29,
usually 25-27.
Nos. 16680, 16681.
Empire
Station,
Panama, Bransford
collection.
A. 24-27; scales 6 or 734 to 37-5.

Astyanax emperador, new
Type.
Cat.
species.
No. 55651, U.S.N.M.
Empire
specimen 52
mm.
to base of
Panama.
Cotypes.
No. 55651c/, U.S.N.M. Two specimens 37-35 mm. long
base of caudal. Empire Station, Panama, Bransford collection.
caudal;
Station,
to
NO. 1556.
AND
OGLE.
27
Scales 8-4:5-7; 8-40-6; 8-39-7; A. 29, 28, 29; head 3. 6 or 3.5;

depth 2.7-3; e}^^ hirge, 2.8-2.6 in head; interorbital 3.25 in liead;
maxillary long-, equal to eye, having two narrow teeth.
Elongate, body deepest a little behind origin of pectorals; dorsal
placed behind the origin of ventrals, its origin equidistant from front
of eye and ])ase of middle caudal ra^^s.
Highest dorsal ray equal to
head without opercle: pectorals reaching ventrals, ventrals to anal.
A faint humeral spot; caudal spot distinct, not reaching end of
middle caudal rays. A silver^' lateral band.
This species is closely related to fischi>ri, with which the specimens
were confounded. They differ in the smaller scales.
Astyanax bimaculatus Linnaeus

(
No. 34437.
Brevoort.
No.
34453.
Five
specimens.
One specimen,
Para,
Para,
Brazil,
Brazil,
presented
by
J.
C.
presented
by
J.
C.
Brevoort.
No. 34591. Five specimens (?), Brazil, presented by J. C. Brevoort.

No. 36764. Five specimens, British Giiiana, British Museum.
No. 44957. Four specimens, Lagoa Santo, Brazil, presented by Chr.
Liitken.
Astyanax bimaculatus lineatus (Perugia).

Nos. 1621, 1695, and 3065, and one without number;
Paraguay, collected by Page.
Astyanax orthodus Eig-enmann, new

Type.
Cat. No. 55655, U.S.N. M.
five
specimens.
species.
Specimen 92 mm. long
to origin
of caudal, Truando, Colombia, Michler and Schott, collectors.
This species
identical with
Astyimax himaculatus
in apparently
In hvmaeulatas the teeth of the inner
series of the premaxillary are convex behind; the denticles correspond
to this convexity and are therefore arranged in a curve.
This curve
varies from a crescent to U -shape in a specimen from Piracicaba.
In
orthodus the anterior and posterior surfaces of the teeth are al'ke, the
denticles being arranged in nearly a straight line.
These species differ,
all
is
characters except the teeth.
therefore, as M'tcralestes differs
Head
from Myletes.
D. 11; A. 33; scales 6-40-6 above ventrals, 8

above origin of anal. Dorsal and ventral profiles equally curved, the
ventral curve continuous, the dorsal profile very slightly concave over
the eyes; eye a little more than 3 in the head; interorbital 2i: maxillary distinctly longer than in a specimen of hhnaculatus of the same
size, longer than eye, a little less than 3 in the head; maxillary with a
4;
depth 2f
single tooth.
In the position of the dorsal, equidistant from tip of snout and base
of upper caudal rays, and the position of the ventrals the specimen
agrees exactly with one of hlinaculatus of equal size from Rio Grande
28
VOL. XXXIII.
do Sul. Pectorals reaching to ventrals: vcMitrals to near anal; anal

basis convex; adipose well developed.
A longitudinal oval humeral spot, ?u>f surrounded by a light area;
caudal spot contiiuied to end of middle Vdys.
Astyanax abramis Jenyns).

(
Nos. h}'2i and
Astyanax
stilbe
No. 84589
by
J. C.
162j}.
Cope
Two
specimens, Paraguay, collected
l)y
Page.
kSeveral specimens, probal)ly froui Para, presented
(})art).
Brevoort.
Astyanax atratoensis Eig-enmann, new
species.
Cat.
Mo. 1()59, II.S.X.M.

Specimen 105 mm. long over
Truando, Colombia, Michler and Schott, collectors.
Ti/jM'.
Cotype.'i.
Fouv
base of caudal.
all,
mm,
to
The longest specimen was probably over 120 mm.
in
specimens, respectively 100, 75, 68, and
()8
Fui. 5. Astyanax atratoensis.
All from Truando, Colombia.

Very closely related to
neighbor in the Cauca, AKfijana,!' caucanus Steindachnei".
It differs from it in the general shape, scales, and the presence of a
maxillary tooth. D. I, 10 or 11; A. ?>S or ?>9; scales 8 or 9-36 to 40-10
total length.
its
or 11 to anal, 8 or 9 to the ventrals; depth 2-2.2; head 8.66-4; eye
2.8-3 in head, snout
Much compressed,
-4;
interorbital 2.66.
the postventral surface trenchant; subrhomboidal,
the dorsal profile being e(iually arched with the ventral, the anal basis
being nearly parallel with the predorsal profile; profile slightly concave over the eye, nape not sharply convex as in Tetragonopterus.
Interorbital distinctly convex, the fontanel extending to over the
anterior border of the eye; cheeks entirely covered; mouth moderate,
the slender maxillary not extending much,
if
any, be3ônd origin of
eye; premaxillary with four teeth in the outer
row and
five in the
NO. 1556.
AND
OGLE.
29
inner surface of the inner teetii convex, the points being

arranged in a curved line, the middle point distinctly largest; maxillar}" with one small tooth; cheeks entirely mailed.
Dorsal over the eleventh scale of the lateral line, origin of ventrals
under the ninth; dorsal pointed, the anterior rays longest; caudal
deeph^ forked, anal basis long, its origin nearer base of pectorals than
to the end of the anal; ventrals nearly reaching anal, pectorals beyond
origin of ventrals.
Scales regular, cycloid, decreasing regularly in
size from the back to the origin of the anal.
Iridescent; a well marked verticaily oval humeral spot; a silvery
lateral band, a small caudal spot, not continued on the middle rays.
inner;
Astyanax multiradiatus Eigenmaiin and Kennedy.

No.
1<'>22
(part).
Astyanax meg-alops Eigenmann, new

Type.
42
mm.
Cat.
No. 5192,
Museum
collection.
species.
Specimen
to base of caudal, Itaituba, Brazil.
Scales 5-35-4; A. 28; depth 2.60; head 3.6; e3'e 5 in snout, 2.3 in
head; interorbital 3 in head; maxillary long, nearly as long as eye,
with 3 small teeth. Deepest at origin of dorsal, compressed.

Dorsal
high, its longest ray longer than head, its origin over base of ventral,
much nearer tip of snout than base of caudal; pectorals extending a
little beyond base of ventrals; ventrals not to anal.
Colors apparently
much
faded; a conspicuous, well-defined silvery lateral l)and;
traces of a vertical
humeral spot; no caudal
spot.
Related to A.
l>ald-
ensis.
Nannaethiops iiniteeniatus (Gunther).
One specimen, (laboon

Museum.
No. 12679.
British
River, Africa, presented
l)}^
the
Myletes dentex Linnaeus.
No. 52092.
One specimen, Atbara
River, Egypt, Senii'-Expedition
collection.
No. 52U91.
Two
specimens, Atbara River, Egypt, Sen tf -Expedition
collection.
Myletes baremose Joannis.
No. 52084.
Two
specimens, Atbara River, Egpyt, Senff-Expedition
collection.
Brycinus macrolepidotus Cuvier and Valenciennes.
No. 52085.
One specimen,
Nile
River, Atbara Junction, Egypt,
Senfi- Expedition collection.
No. 52093.
River, Egypt, Senil'-Expedition
collection.
Brycinus nurse Riippell.
No. 52089.
collection.
River, Egypt, Senff-Expedition
30
No. 52088.
vol.
xxxm.
River, Egypt, Senflf-Expedition
River, Egypt, Senti'-Expedition
collection.
No. 52090.
collection.
No.
5208<).
Two
specimens, Atbara River, Egypt, Senff- Expedition
collection.
No. 52087.
Two specimens, Atbara
River, Egypt, Senff-Expedition
collection.
Bryconsethiops microstoma Giinther.
No.
I'i.sl-l:.
One specimen, Congo,
PHENACOGRAMMUS
Africa, collected by J. H.
Camp.
Eigenmann, new genus.
This genus differs from Mlcralestes as Tlerakjrnmrivim differs from

Astyanax^ and as Cheirodon differs from Odontostilhe^ etc. It is
Micralestes with an incomplete lateral line.
Micralestes interrwptus Boulenger.
Type.
Brycon reinhardti
No. 44955.
Iiiitken.
One specimen, Rio
das Velhas, Brazil, presented by
Dr. Chr. Liitken.
Brycon dentex Gunther.

No. 39.909.
No. 22154.
No. 16884.
One specimen, Nicaragua, collected by L. F. H.

One specimen, Nicaragua, Bransford collection.
Two specimens, Lake Nicaragua.
Birt.
Brycon striatulus Kner.

No. 5932.
collected
Brycon
by
Two
specimens
hilarii (Cuvier
No. 1613.
No. 1614.
in
bad condition, Aspinwall, Panama,
Russell.
and Valenciennes).
One specimen,
One specimen,
Paragua}^, Page collection.

Paraguaj^^,
Page
collection.
Markiana nigripinnis (Perugia).

No. 1627.
One specimen,
Paragua}^, Page collection.
Gasteropelecus sternicla Linnaeus.
No. 34454.
The
Para, Brazil, presented by J. C. Brevoort.
premaxillar}^ teeth in two of these specimens are strictly in a
single series, very regularly arranged
maxillary.
and graduated; no teeth
in the
In two others the teeth are crowded, one on each side
being forced forward to form an anterior series. There are apparently no maxillary teeth.
No. 1602. Guiana, collected by J. Wyman.
Premaxillary teeth in a single series; no maxillary teeth.
From
(pEvac,^ deceptive; an(l ypa/j-iui], line.
NO. 1556.
THORACOCHAROX
Genus
Type.
Gasteropeleetis
stellatus
In the Proceedings the
AND
OGLE.
31
Fowler.
Kner.
Academy
of National Sciences of Philadelphia (1906, p. 152) Fowler describes this as a new subgenus with the
character ''anterior profile of back convex." It deserves generic rank
with the following characters:

Breast expanded into a large, sharp-edged disk.
Premaxillary teeth in two separate series, the outer series consisting
of two teeth on each side; the pair of middle teeth enlarged, between
the front and second series of teeth, projecting over the lower jaw
when the mouth is closed; maxillary with several large, divergent
canine-like teeth.
This genus
is
like a
G aster opelecus.,
with two series of premaxillary
teeth and several canine-like teeth on the maxillary.
Chalcinus angulatus Agassiz.
Two
Two
No. 1616.
No. 1696.
No. 5558.
One
specimens, Paragua}", Page collection.
specimens, Paraguay, Page collection.

specimen, Bolivia, Gibbon collection.
Nos. 3451:5, 31455, and 34689.
sented by J.
Three specimens. Para, Brazil, pre-
Brevoort.
Piabucus melanostomus Holmberg-.
No. 2101.
Piabucina panamensis
No. 16676 (type).
collection.
Gill.
One specimen, Atlantic
side of
Panama, Bransford
collection.
No. 16677
(tj^pe).
One specimen, Rio
Frijoli,
Panama, Bransford
collection.
Ichthyoborus microlepis Gunther.
No. 52083.
collection, B.
Hydrocyon
Dean,
River, Egypt, Senli'-Expedition
collector.
forskalii Cuvier.
No. 52095.
Two
specimens, Atbara River, Egypt.
Senff-Expedi-
tion collection.
No. 52094. One specimen, Nile-Atbara elunction, Egypt.

Expedition collection.
Senff-
Hydrolycus pectoralis Gunther.

No. 39402. Brazil, collected by H. H. Rusby.
No. 5686. Bolivia, Gibbon collection.
Rhaphiodon vulpinus Spix.

No. 55667.
Palmer.
One specimen,
760 mm., Paraguay, collected by E.
5^Y
32
Bramocharax bransfordii
voi.
xxxm.
Gill)
Three specimens, Lake Nicaragua, l^ransford collection.
No. 16885.
Fig.
6.
Bramocharax bransfokdii.
Boeboides g'uatemalensis Gunther.

No. 39958. Two specimens, Rio San Juan, Nicaragua, collected by
T. L. H. Birt.
Roeboides prog-nathus ( Bouleng-er )
No. 1619 (part). Paraguay, Page collection.

No. 44835 (part). Marmora River, Bolivia, Gibbon collection.
Roeboides myersii
One specimen, Napo

One of the types.
No. 21426.
collection
Gill.
(i).
or Maraiion River, Brazil, Orton
Roeboides xenodon Reinhardt.
One specimen, Rio
No. 44962.
das Velhas, Brazil.
Cynopotamus argenteus Valenciennes.

No.
lt'>19 (part).
collection.
Cbarax sanguineus (Cope).

No<-8^^55r
Four specimens, Napo and Maranon
rivers, Brazil,
Orton
/collection.
Charax gibbosus Linnaeus.

No. 1603.
One specimen, Guiana,
No. 1619 (part).
collected by J. AVyman.
Three specimens, Paraguay, Page collection.
Subgenus C YRTOCH^RAX ITowler.

Type.
Anacyrtus limsdsquam.is Cope.
This
is
a subgenus of Charax., proba))ly
synonymous with Cynoiw-
tamus., and was described by Fowler" as a new genus with the

character "scales rough, very small or about 100 in lateral line.
No
palatine teeth."
elongate,
of
the origin of
profile
It
moderate
may
further be described as compressed,
depth;
dorsal
near
middle of body over
the long anal; pectoral overlapping ventral; dorsal
gibbous on occiput, concave in front; mouth large, oblique,

Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1906, p. 454.

NO. 1556.
LIST OF CHARACIN FISHESEIGENMANN
AND
OGLE.
33
the niaxillaiy in the adult extending beyond tlie e3ê; maxillary

with a series of nearl}" equal, conical teeth; preniaxillary with a
canine at each end and a double series of small teeth between, of which
the inner series is composed of two teeth mandible with a single series
of teeth which are small, conical along the sides and larger on its
;
One
anterior half, four of which are canines.
of these
is
near the
front, 1)ut lateral to the anterior premaxillar}' canhie; another, the
smallest of the series,
is
nearly half wa}^ to the
directed outward
which
third,
is
more than the
the
rest
and
largest, received in a
groove of the upper jaw in front of the posterior premaxillary

canine; the last is about as far back of the posterior premaxillary
canine as the last mentioned is in advance of it.
This subgenus includes, besides the type, the squamosus Eigenmann
and Kennedy, the caliurusi and ntratoensis of Eigenmann, and probably
the amazonus of Giinther.
Charax limsesquamis Cope.
No. 44835 (part).
One specimen, Marmcra
River, Bolivia, Gibbons
collection.
No. 1694.
VUi.
7.
CHAKAX
collection.
SQIIAMOSUS.
Charax squamosus Eigenmann and Kennedy.
One specimen, La
No. 44837.
Brooks.
Charax atratoensis Eigenmann, new
Type Cut.
Plata, Argentina, collected
by
S. S.
species.
No. 1604, U.S.N.M. Specimen 300 mm. to end of latTruando, Colombia, Michler and Schott collection.
Cottjpe.ô. 1604, U.S.N.M.
Specimen 217 mm. to end of lateral
line, Truando, Colombia.
This species greatly resembles Cynopotamus inagdaloix.^ but has
onlv a single series of teeth in the lower jaw and the cheeks are not so
completely covered by the suborbitals. It is allied to C. s^juamosus,
eral line,
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
34
VOL.
xxxm.
with a shorter, blunter head, and to C. limsesquamis^ from which it

differs in little but the length of the anal.
D. 11; A. 47-50; head 3|-3f depth a little more or less than 3.
Scales 25-110 to 112-25; eye 4i to (> in the head; snout 3i-3f inter;
orbital 4.
very strongly concave, the occiput greatly arched; distance

and tip of maxillary equal to distance from tip of
snout through upper margin of eye to edge of preopercle; suborbitals
extending back to vertical limb of preopercle, leaving only a small
area behind the end of the maxillary exposed; teeth as in other memProfile
from
tip of snout
bers of the genus.
Fig.
8. Charax atratoensis.
Pectorals extending past middle of ventrals to anal in smaller speci-
men, not quite so far
in the larger.
Entire surface of the scales very
rough.
silvery lateral band, a faint humeral spot in the smaller specimen,
a large caudal spot, not continued to the end of the rays.
Highly
iridescent.
Salminus maxillosus Cuvier and Valenciennes.

Nos. 1630 and 1631.
Acestrorhynchus falcatus
Three specimens, Paraguay, Page
collection.
(Blocli).
The
aii:d
anîl
species A. falcatus Avas based on a specimen from Surinam with

rays 20; MiiUer and Troschel gave the lateral line as 80 and the
Cuvier and Valenciennes had 3 (4) specimens, one from
as 30.
Surinam and two from Mana. One (not stated which) had lateral line
80, the others at least 100 "cent vingt" at one place, and ''a cent" in
another,
I have a specimen from Surinam (Cat. No. 24670 U.S.N.M.)
Bloch's type locality with lateral line 82-85 and A. 27, which is very
prol)ably the f(/leaf us of Bloch.
This specimen differs notably from
other specimens in the Indiana University and National Museum
collections, and from the falcatus of recent authors, and should be
kept di.>tinct from them. It is very probable that the smaller scaled
LIST OF CHARACIN FLSIIESEIGENUAXN
NO. 1556.
specimens in
my
AXD
OGLE.
85
possession, and referred to by recent authors under
the nmnej'alcatu.s^ should be referred to theyero,/' of Giiuther.
Acestrorhynchus
falcirostris
Cuvier
One specimen.
No. 12712.
Acestrorhynchus ferox (Giinther).
No. 1039.- Two specimens, Paraguay; Page collection.

No. 16-10. One specimen,. Paraguay Page collection.
No. 2102. One specimen, Babia; Page collection.
No. 3-1464. Two specimens. Para ( ?), Brazil; presented b^^ E. G.
Blackford and J. C. Brevoort.
Nos. 33768 and 33769. Two specimens, Para (?), Brazil; presented
by J. C. Brevoort.
;
Acestrorhynchus lacustris (Liutken).
One specimen, Lagoa
No. 44963.
Santa,
presented by
Brazil;
Liitken.
?
Acestrorhamphus jenynsii (Giinther j.
One specimen. La
No. 39141.
lected ])y
W.
Paz, Montevideo,
Urugua}-; col-
E. Safford.
Serrasalmo marginatus Valenciennes.
No. 1611. Seven specimens, the largest 225 mm. long.

No. 2112 (part). Paraguay; Page collection.
Serrasalmo brandti Lutken.
No. 44964.
One specimen, 217
nun. long. Lagoa Santa, Brazil; pre-
sented by Dr. Chr. Lutken.
Serrasalmo spilopleura Kner.
No. 2111.
One specimen, Paraguay; Page
Pygocentrus altus
No, 21432.
Brazil;
This
Orton
is
collection.
Gill.
One specimen,
15.5
mm.
long.
Napo or Maranon
River,
collection.
probably the type; the species
not identical with
is
very close to
/"'.
plraya
if
it.
Pyg-ocentrus nattereri Kner.
No. 1612.
No. 5856.
?
Four specimens, Paraguay; Page collection.

One specimen, Brazil; Gibbon collection.
Pyg-ocentrus scapularis (Giinther).
No. 33227.
One specimen. South America; presented by
J.
(1
Brevoort.
Metynnis hypsauchen
No. 33772.
(Miiller
and Troschel).
Five specimens. South America; presented by J. C.
Brevoort.
These specimens probabh" belong to this species. They have D.

16, 17, 18, and 18; A. 39, 39, 40, 40, 43; abdominal serne 34, 38,
16,
39,
36
39, 40;
depth about 1.25.
Adipose at
vol.
xxxni.
least equal to its distance
from
the dorsal, two-thirds or three-fourths as long as the dorsal.

?
One
No. 307l.
sjiecinien (in too
poor condition for satisfactory
examination), Trinidad, Bolivia.
Myleus
levis
Eigenmann and McAtee.
No. 1613. One specimen, Paragua; Page collection.

abdominal serra> 38 + 9.
Mylossoma albiscopus
No. 5888.
?
Two
D. 29; A. 38;
(Cope).
specimens, Paraguay.
Piaractus brachypomus Cuvier.
One
No. 26462.
Page
s})ecimen skin, about 550
mm.
long, Paraguay;
collection.
This specimen and one in the museum of Indiana University, 540

long, lack an adipose.
D. 16; A. 24; abdominal serne 54+6;
gill-rakers about half the length of the eye.
mm.
Sarcodaces odoe Bloch.
No. 44824.
Several
specimens
in
bad
condition,
Leopoldville,
Africa.
Hoplias malabaricus Blocb.
No. 26695. Two specimens, Brazil; presented Iw the Museum of

Comparati V e Zoo logy
No. 34432. Two specimens. South America; presented by J. C.
Brevoort.
No. 34696.
No. 6033.
No. 1663.
One specimen; presented by
Two specimens.
J. C.
Brevoort.
Island of Trinidad; collected by Th. Gill.
One specimen, Truando, Colombia; Michler and Schott
collection.
One specimen, Lagoa
No. 44959.
Santa, Brazil; presented by Chr.
Liitken.
Hoplerythrinus
No. 33764.
"
unitaeniatus Spix.
Three specimens, South America; presented by
J.
C.
Brevoort.
No. 5882.
One specimen.
The genus
Ophiocephalops
Hoplerythrinus.
Island of Trinidad; collected by Th. Gill.
recently
proposed
by Fowler
is
synonym
of
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF UPPER PALEOZOIC

FOSSILS FROM CHINA.
By
Cteorgp:
II.
Girty.
Custodian of Carboniferous Incertehrate Fossils, United Stales Xafional Museum.
The Carnegie Expedition to China, in charge of ]Mr. Bailey Willis,

number of Carboniferous fossils, which were placed
obtained a small
my
in
})ut
hands for study.
My
report was finished over a year ago,

up for
the publication of the paleontologic results has been held
As an indefithe completion of another portion of the investig-ation.

nite, perhaps a long, time may elapse before the full report passes the
it seemed desirable to fix such species as appeared to be new by
a preliminary pnl)lication of the descriptions, to be followed by the
press,
reprint with illustrations in the final report.
CCELENTERATA.
LONSDALEIA CHINENSIS, new
species.
This species occurs in lai'ge masses, one fragmentary

Des(Tij)t'i(m.
specimen having a length of 18 mm. and a width somewhat greater.
corallites are irregularl}^ polygonal, so that it is diflicult to name
an average size, unusual length in one direction being compensated by
narrowness in another. Perhaps 8 mm. represents the average in
The
nearl}^ sj-mmetrical corallites.
separate into constituent cells, but break

In sections the latter appear to be rather thick, with
denticles projecting inward from both sides, and a dense median line.
Structurally each corallite is made up of three zones inclosed within
an outer wall. The external zone consists of vesicles without septa,
Our specimens do not
across the walls.
the median of septa and tabuhe, while the center is occupied by a

pseudocolumella having a vesicular structure. The outer zone, which
is rather thick, is formed bv large cysts, which, as usual, present the
convex side upward and slope strongl}" downward toward the center.
The inner surface of this zone is well marked. The septate portion is
Proceedings U.
S.

37
38
tol. xxxiii.
and has a nearly circular shape, irrespective of the
clearl}^ defined,
asymmetry of the corallite as a whole. This portion is rather constant

in size, and in few instances does it attain a diameter of more than
4 mm. The septa, which number from 25 to 27, are irreg'ular. They
are often alternately long and short, but in parts of the same corallite
may be equal, or in appearance replaced by vesicular tissue. Not
inf requentl}' one of the smaller (secondary) septa is seen to bend to one
The interseptal
side and to become confluent with a primar}^ one.
loculi are rather abundantly partitioned by what in cross sections looks
like dissepimental tissue, but in realit}" has more the nature of nearl}^
flat
horizontal
tal)ula3.
As
previously remarked, the septa are often
so contorted that they can not be distinguished

plates with
which
The pseudocolumella, which occupies

tinct
from the interseptal
thc}^ intersect.
the central area,
from the surrounding structures and
is
fairly dis-
consists of relatively small
concentrically arranged cysts, which are nearly vertical in position,

but with the upper end distinctl}" inclined toward the center. The
ends of the septa reach nearly or quite to the pseudocolumella, and
some of them appear to connect with the plates which compose it.
As members of the genus LifJiostrotion^ Lonsdale described and figured a number of Lonsdaleias from Uralian Russia, some of Avhich
may be related to the form under consideration. Lonsdale discriminated his species upon characters which are not shown in ordinary
conditions of preservation, not, for instance, in the Chinese material,
and at the same time failed to give precise data regarding features
which I was able to ascertain. On this account a satisfactory comparison of the present form with his species can not be made.
It seems
to be distinct from the American and European types whose descripNo species belonging to the genus has as 3'et been
tions I have seen.
described from China.

Locality
and
Jiorizon.
Pennsylvanian
(Wu-shan limestone); near
Ta-ning-hien, East Ssi-ch'uan (Stations 1 and
MICHELINEA FAVOSITOIDES,
Of
this species
2).
new
species.
our collection contains a single specimen, which pre-
sents the followino- characters:
The shape
appears to have been hemispherical, with

The latter dimension
is estimated at about 40 mm., and the entire width at about 80 nnii.
The corallites are rather regular in size and shape, and usually small,
few of them attaining a diameter of 2i mm. The septa are closely
approximate, 11 to 13 occurring in the space of 5 mm. They are on
the whole rather regular, but arc distinctly convex and not infrequently confluent. Mural pores appear to be present, but, as shown
Descriptio7i.
flat
base and a width greater than the height.
iôAoru.
NEW
CHINESE PALEOZOIC FOSSILS GIRTY.
in trunsvorse sections, they are rather rare
39
and their arrangement has
not been determined,

An}^ statement as to septa depends upon the interpretation of certain
appearances in thin sections. The bounding* walls are not thick and
show a dense median line, which is usuall}^ more or less wavy. On
either side of the median line is a tolerably thick layer, intermediate
in transparency between the material filling- the intertabular spaces
and that of the median plate. The inner edge of this supplementary
wall is somewhat strongly denticulate, the projections being in some
places rather regular and in other portions of the same corallite al)sent
or irregular.
Whether
these projections arc really denticles or are
continuous ridges has not been ascertained. The ta))uhv show the
same degree of transparenc}' iis the supplementary wall, the projections of which can apparently with justification be interpreted as
pseudosepta, the dense median line l)eing the plane of cleavage sepaIt is hardl}- possible to
rating the truh' doulde- walled corallities.
count the pseudosepta or to ascertain the average number present.

At first sight one might well feel somewhat doubtful where to
place this species, whether in ]:'}ivo,ntes or Mlckel'nwa^ the unusually
small size of the corallites certaiidy suggesting the former genus, as
Some supwell as the mural pores, which appear to be rather rare.
port might also be found in the character of the tal>uh, which, if
they are somewhat too convex, too irregular, and too confluent for
Fwrnsites^ possess these features in too slight a degree for typical
MicJn'lhwa. On the other hand, the somewhat fluted condition of
the median plate, which may be connected with the development of
pseudosepta, together with the apparent presence of well-developed
pseudosepta themselves, seem to distinguish it structurally from
The range of the latter genus, furthermore, appears to
FavositeH.
terminate with horizons early in the Mississippian, while the present
form is of much later occurrence. Michelhiea^ on the other hand, is
On
already known in upper Carboniferous and Permian (?) terrains.
this account it has seemed that the form under consideration should
be denied to Favosltes and placed with AUchellnea.
Kayser figures an unidentitied species of Michelhiea from China
which difl'ers from the present one in the much greater size of the
corallites.
By the same character Mlclielinea favositoides may be
distinguished from other mem])ers of the genus known to me, even
from the small-celled Kussian species M. coneinna Lonsdale.
Local /fy and horizon. Pennsylvanian (Wu-shan limestone); near
Ta-ning-hien, East Ssi-ch'uan (kStation 3).
40
CARNEGIA,
neÂr
vol. xxxiii.
genus.
The characters of this oenus are included in the diagnosis of the

type species as given below:
Carnegla hasslerl.
Ty2)e of the genu><.
CARNEGIA BASSLERI/' new

This name
species.
introduced for what appears to be a new genus of

Until Waagen and Wentzel described some
is
Stroniatoporoid corals.
forms from the Salt Range of India the know n occurrence of this group
would have warranted the statement that it passed out of existence
before the
commencement
of Carboniferous time.
The discovery
of
a different but related type in an area so close geographicall}", and in

strata of such similar age as are those of India and China, is thus
deprived of most of its surprise. The Chinese form possesses characters which forbid joining it with any of the established genera whose
descriptions have been before me, and it represents, with little doubt,
On the other hand, as but a single specimen is known,
a new genus.
and as in this group, more than in many others, the difficulty is great of
distinguishing ])etween specific and generic characters without the comparisons which several genericall}^ related species afford, 1 have adopted
the plan of including the genus and species in a single description.
The growth of Carnegla hassleri is in small lenticular
Description.
One exammasses, having a slight thickness relative to their spread.
ple, for instance, has a thickness of but 4 mm. and a diameter of 35
mm. The structure is tine and dense, and seems to be entirely without
the lamellate appearance which gives this group its name.
In transverse section the coenosteum is seen to be made up of walls
and apertures, both possessing a ver^- irregular and tortuous pattern.
The walls are especially vermicular and inosculating, giving off disconnected spurs and dividing the inclosed space into small separate
The entire course of the walls seems to be made up of
apertures.
curves, and the outlines of the apertures are of course correspondingh^ curvilinear. The walls are relatively thick, and where projecting
spurs are given off these often appear to be rounded and enlarged at
the disconnected end, as
ments can be observed
if
terminating in a
pillar.
Similar enlarge-
also in other portions of the walls.
The
zooidal
apertures are nearly equal in size, and the whole structure seems to
be quite regular, but not infrequently several of the apertures are
confluent, although the larger one thus formed is so tortuous that it
fails to have this appearance in the tout ensemble of the section.
Astrorhizse appear to be entirely absent.
In longitudinal section the skeleton is seen to be composed of continuous zooidal tubes and continuous walls, the latter being, as already
This species
is
named
after
Mr. R.
S.
Bassler.
NO. 1557.
NEW
.shown in transverse section, relativel}^ thick.
The
41
zooidal tubes are
rather closely tabulate, and the walls are perforated.
and irregular distribution.
The perfora-
is without
doubt owing' to these interruptions in the radial walls that in cross
section two or more of the zooidal tubes appear to be connected into
Sometimes, owing perhaps to the
a single large vermicular one.
influence of tabulte and porous developments, the walls in longitudinal
Of
section have a nodose appearance, somewhat as in Stenopora.
course the two genera are otherwise widely different and have different
tions are of unequal sizes
It
afiinities.
In the lower part of the coenosteum the zooidal tubes are narrow
and bent inward toward the point of origin, as in colonies of compound corals and bryozoans. In this region the walls are thin and
the pores and tabulre much less plentiful.
This form appears to be but distantly related to those descri])ed
from the Salt Range of India, and it presents more structural affinities
with the older geims Stronudopora. From this, however, it is clearly
distinguished by the pattern of the apertures and by the absence of
astrorhiza? and of latilaminie.
The zooidal tubes and bounding walls
are much more continuouslj' and regularly developed and the walls
themselves apparently somewhat different in construction.
Thej^
appear to l)e dense, and but for the local thickening, which may represent radial pillars, structureless.
Carnegia seems to belong to the
Stromatoporidfe, but to be distinctly different from any of the genera
at present assigned to that family.
Locality
and
horizon.
Pennsylvanian
Liang-ho-k'ou, East Ss'i-ch'uan (Station
(Wu-shan limestone); near
7).
BRYOZOA.
FISTULIPORA WILLISIANA," new
species.
Description.
This species grows in thin, epithecate expansions,
occurring in considerable numbers in the limestone of which it appears
to constitute a paleontologic feature of some importance.
The largest
fragment seen measures 15 nun., but the original size may have been
considerably greater. The thickness of the typical specimen is but
over one-half mm.

The grow^th is irregular and contorted.
MaculfB are present, but their size and distribution have not been
determined. The zooecia are quite small; they occur six or seven in a
distance of 2 mm., and are situated at intervals of about one or two
times their own diameter. A lunariura is well developed. Mesopores
little
are usually large and, as a rule, separate the zooecia in single rows.
They are about the
size of the zooecia themselves,
and
are even larger.
This species
is
named
for
Mr. Bailey
Willis.
in
some
cases
42
This species
distinguished
is
b}^ its thin,
lamellate
vol.xxx.i.
growth and
b}^
the small size of the zo(jecial tubes.
Locality
and
Iwrizon.
East Ssi'-chu'an (Stations
Pre-Pennsylvanian
6, 8,
and
(i');
near Ta-miau-ssi,
9).
GEINITZELLA CHINENSIS, new
species.
The growth of this species is dendroid, specimens

Description.
occurring in long cylindrical trunks, from which, in some instances,
spring smaller branches. All the specimens examined are fragmenThey vary nmch in
tar}^, the largest having a length of 110 nmi.
point of size. The largest yet noted has a diameter of 17 mm., but
In some specimens low monticules,
the average is nearer 15 mm.
more or less distinctly elongated in a transverse direction, form a
noticea1:)le feature,
region,
where the
which may have been present in all. The mature

had a horizontal direction, measures -1 mm. in
cells
a large example.
In thin sections the species shows the usual structural variation

From seven to
difierent stages of development are examined.
where
mm. The acanthopores are

number and appearance in sections made at
eight cells occur in a linear distance of 2

large,
and
var}^ greath^ in
same zoarium.
diiferent points of the
In longitudinal section a few
scattered diaphragms occur just before the cells thicken their walls
and bend into a horizontal direction.

This species
is
closely related to GeinitzeUa columymris Schlotheim,
by Waagen and Wentzel in India, but it hardly seems

that the Chinese form can be immediatel}^ placed with that species.
Waagen and Wentzel state that G. coluinnari)< rarely attains a size of
The
5 mm., and that a diameter of but 2 mm. is often met wîth.
Chinese form is thus seen to be at least three times as large. So far
as observed also, it is never incrusting, a mode of growth which the
In thin sections, however, the two
Indian form is said to exhibit.
One distinction which appears to exist
species are extremely similar.
Waagen and
is that the cells are a little larger in the Chinese form.
Wentzel do not state this character in their description, and certain
discrepancies which appear to exist between different degrees of magnification said to be represented by their figures, make it impossible
Apparto obtain altogether reliable measurements from that source.
The presencê
enth" G. coluniiiaris presents nine or ten cells in 2 mm.
as identified
or absence of tabuhe
is
none are represented

possesses tabulae, and
not stated in the text of their description, but
The Chinese form certainly

seems likely that they will also be found in
in their figures.
it
from India.
With the differences above noted it seems inadvisable
Chinese form to G. colimuiaria., though it is possible that
that
to refer the
it
will
prove
NEW
NO. 1557.
43
no moro than a varioty, better marked, however, than any of the

varieties recognized by Waag-en and Wentzeh
Pennsylvanian (Wu-shan limestone); near
Locality and Jwrlzon.
Ta-ning-hien, East Ss'i-ch'uan (Stations 1 and -i).
BATOSTOMELLA MEEKANA,"
new
species.
This form has not been found free, and the following description
has been drawn up from thin sections.
It evidently occurs.as cylin-
probably branching, stems, of which some grow to a diameter

of \ nun., while others were only about 3 mm. thick.
The cells are slightl}^ oval in outline, one diameter
DcHei'lptlon.
being a little greater than the other. In the mature region the}" are
separated by intervals about equal to one-half their own diameter, and
number about five in 2 mm. longitudinally. The acanthopo re-like
granules are relatively few, and as a very prevalent rule occur in
single rows between the apertures.
On the average about eight surround each cell, but as they vary greatly in distribution sometimes
more (as many as 12 and 13) and sometimes less can be counted. They
are also ver^' irregular in point of size, some having a diameter twice
or even three or four times as great as others.
Very often the}"
appear to be in two well-marked grades of size, but sometimes another
intermediate grade can be recognized, and it seems likely that there is
no absolute classitication to which they can be reduced in this respect.
AVhile in a general way the large and small granules appear to be reguhirly distril)uted, no definite system or arrangement can be made out.
In sections longitudinal to the tubes, the thickened or mature region
is quite shallow, about twice the width of the apertures.
The latter,
however, here appear of much smaller diameter than in the transverse
section, being only about half as wide as the intercellular granuliferous spaces, which therefore present nearly square areas in thin secdrical,
tions cut longitudinally.
This form
Rhomhopora lepifrom that widely distributed

American species.
Kayser identitied Rhomhopora lepldodendroides
in the Lo Ping fauna.
From this BatostomeUa VK-ekcuia seems to be
distinct, as it without nuich question is if the Lo Ping form is correctly identihed.
Of the two species of Rlioinhopora described by
Waagen, from India, it may be distinguished from R. polyporata by
the much smaller number of granules.
Though more similar to R.
ohll(pia^ it also difiers in several particulars.
It is a more robust form.
The cells are more nearly circular and apparently of larger size, since,
according to Waagen's figure, only about three occur longitudinally in
dodendrotdes,
mm.
is
structurally very closely related to
but
is
clearly distinct
Furthermore, Waagen states that the granules are

"This species
is
named
for Mr. F. B.
Meek.
all
of a size
44
in his species,
which
is
vol.
xxxm.
conspicuously not the case in the one under
consideration.
Pennsylvanian (Wu-shan limestone);

Locality and horizon.
Ta-ning-hien, East Ssi-ch'uan (Station 4).
FISTULIPORA WAAGENIANA," new
near
species.
Of this species
our collection contains liut one speciThe form is that of a

the length of the
which
is
25
nmi.,
diameter
of
the
Under,
hollow c}'
varies someof
the
zoarium
The
thickness
mm.
45
being
fragment
determined
not
be
about
mm.
It
can
of
5
an
average
has
what, but
whether the original shape was incrusting, hollow cylindrical, or solid
cjdindrical.
So far as can be observed, there is no epitheca upon the
inner surface, nor is there any flexing of the cells toward a point of
origin.
From this circumstance it can perhaps be inferred that the
original form was a solid cj'^linder, of which the axial portion, including the immature region of the cells, has by some means been destroyed.
In thin sections the ztecial tubes are seen to occur about four in the
space of 2 mm. Their distril)ution, however, is quite irregular. They
have ver}^ thick walls, which in some cases are almost in contact and
in others are* separated by distances equal to about the inner diameter
In the region of macule their distance is sometimes two
of the tubes.
Description.
men, which displays the following characters:
or three times the diameter.
The
cells
are of course nearly circular,
and as a rule separated by rather large mesopores in single rows.

Near the surface the spongy tissue of the mesopores gives place to
solid investment, in which, though the inner portion of the tulles has
still a circular section, the outer boundary, more or less clearly shown,
A lunarium is as a rule entirely absent, but in
is sharply polygonal.
rare cases indistinct but cei'tain traces of the structure can be observed.
It is also
more or
less regularly
developed in young stages.
Tabulse
are rather few and distant, and they are developed at ver}^ irregular
intervals.
The vesicles observed in longitudinal sections vary greatly
in size.
As
a rule thej^ are but gently convex, the upper and lower
and parallel.
from American forms of similar geologic age, and also from J^. paralitica., the only species described by
Waagen and Wentzel from the Salt Range. It is also ver}^ distinct
from F. tuherosa., a member of the Lo Ping fauna descril)ed ))v Kayser.
Ta-ning-hien, East Ssi-ch'uan (Station 2).
surfaces often being nearly
This species
is
iiat
clearly distinct
"This species
is
named
for
Mr. William Waagen.
NEW CHINESE
NO. 1557.
PALEOZOIC FOSSILS GIRTY.
45
BRACHIOPODA.
SPIRIFER BLACKWELDERI, new
"
This form has been obtained at two
localities,
species.
and occurs
erable alnindance in the shape of casts of separate valves.
in consid-
The
fol-
lowing characters have been observed:

The shape of the ventral valve is subquadrate. The
De><crlpt'wn.
convexity is high, the beak large, erect, gibbous. The area is well
The foramen is large, its width at the
defined, high, and concave.
base being almost one-third that of the whole area. The cardinal
angles are rounded and the cardinal line considerably shorter than the
greatest width.
A narrow and moderately deep sinus traverses the
shell, becoming gradually broader and less well defined toward the
front.
The sinus is not divided b}^ plications, nor do an}" ribs mark
On the interior there are two strong dental plates, but no
the sides.
septum.
The
dorsal valve
is
transversely subelliptical in outline.
dinal extremities are rounded,
greatest width.
high,
The beak
its
car-
mesial fold passes downward, gradually
rather well-defined
widening in
is
The
and the hinge line is shorter than the

small and depressed.
A moderately
course.
The surface lacks ribs either upon the sides or on the fold and
sinus, but is marked by very fine radiating strife.
I know of no Carboniferous species which reall}^ requires compariIn general appearance it suggests a Rdicidaria^
such as R. Ilneata, but the fine, continuous, lira' can hardly be interpreted as marks left hy the spines which characterize that group.
son with the present.
The development
common
of fine sul)sidiary line seems to be a
much more
English Rettcularias (see R. llneata var.

reticulata), judging from Davidson's description and figures, than in
feature in the
it is essentially unknown.
We have at least one,
known, form possessing this character, which was
apparently described by Swallow as Spirujera jrt'oat!. 1 am not pre-
the American, where
though a
little
pared to speak positively as to the internal structure of this type, but

dental plates and septa seem to be absent or but slightly developed.
In the American RetlcuJavlas (R. pseadolineata^ etc.), and I suppose
in the European ones, there is a median septum in both valves, while
the ventral valve possesses long dental plates as well.
The Chinese
shell thus difl'ers in structure from the Jineatas group of Sjnrlfers^
although it shows some points of superficial resemblance.
iS'. hiackioehlerl difi'ers from S. Uneatus as identified by Kaj^ser from
Chinese specimens, as well as from any other Chinese species identified or described by him, nor can it be found among the shells deThis species
is
named
for
Mr. Eliot Blackwelder,
46
scribed by
Waagen from
India or
vol.
xxxm.
Tschernyschew from Rus-
b}^
can be drawn with certain Silurian

forms, such as Spirifer radiatus, than with those usually found in the
In the radiatus group, as in S. hlackwelder!^ the venCarboniferous.
tral valve possesses dental plates, Imt while socket plates, and somesia.
In fact,
closer parallels
times a low septum, are found in the dorsal valve of the former, that of
S. hlackwelderi appears to be without those structures.
Ta-ning-hien, East Ssi'-ch'uan (Stations
and
2).
NOTOTHYRIS WILLISIANA," new species.
Ventral valve subovate,

Shell small, subspherical.
Description.
gibbous, rapidly and rather suddenly contracting at the beak, which
is strongly deflected and truncated h}^ a relatively large foramen.
Toward the front this valve is marked by a narrow, moderatel}^ strong
but shallow sinus extending about half the length. There should be
other modifications of the mesial portion to correspond with the plications on the accompanying valve, but if present the}^ are obscured in
On each side of the sinus traces of some six or
the typical specimen.
seven ribs are found. Only about four of these are developed as plications on the shell, the remainder appearing on the margin, as denticulations.
Even these four, however, are obscure, and decrease in
intensity in proportion to their distance
The
dorsal valve
is
slightly prominent.
small, pointed,
from the
sinus.
subcircular in outline, highly gibbous.
There
is
Beak
strong, deep,
ill-
defined mesial sinus, which projects in front as a sort of linguiform

extension corresponding to a deep emargination of the front of the
The
which dies out long before reaching the

hinge line, is subdivided by a strong mesial fold, extending about as
far from the edge as the sinus itself, and each of the two channels
opposite valve.
sinus,
apparently again subdivided b}^ an obscure plication

On each side of the sinus there are
limited to the marginal region.
about six plications, shown rather by denticulations at the edge of the
thus formed
shell
is
than by folds upon
its
surface.
Internal structure unknown.
As only
a single specimen
ble to mutilate
it
Shell strongly and finely punctate.
of this
form was found,
for the purpose of ascertaining
its
it
was impractica-
internal structures;
therefore the generic position of the species is somewhat conjecturaL

The shell structure and configuration consigned it at once to the
mentioned it much more

and IIemi2)ty china than the
plicated Diela.Km as. It is somewhat uncertai n whether this fossil should
be regarded as having a dorsal sinus in which a mesial rib has been
Terebratulidai, and
in the character
last
closely resembles the genera Notothyris
This species is
named for Mr.
Bailey Willis.
NEW
NO. 1557.
developed, or a dorsal fold with two deep channels upon

the former interpretation
seeni.s to
be more natural.
47
its sides,
Upon
but
that view
the species under consideration would be one of the antijdicata;^ and

its
generic position would be with Nototliyrk in preference to HemlpOn one side of the specimen may be noticed an appearance
tijcJuna.
similar to that often observed in Dlelasmd
when fracture or cleavage
takes place along the dental plates, but in the present case this may
be due to exfoliation of the thick shell.
Of coui'se the presence of
dental plates would debar this
form from Nototliyrh and Heialptychlna
alike.
relations this form ditiers sufficiently from any of the

whose descriptions have come into ui}- hands to make a detailed
comparison unnecessary. It is perhaps as near to X. inflata Waagen
In
its specific
species
and
iVi
djoidfensis Abicli as any.
Locality
and horizon
Penns3dvanian
Liang-ho-k'ou, East Ssi-ch\ian (Station
(Wu-shan limestone), near
7).
PELECYPODA.
AVICULIPECTEN? RICHTHOFENI," new
species.
Description.
What appears to ))e the left valve of this species presents the following characters: Size small, general shape semielliptical,
backward. Length and breadth approximately equal.

broad as the greatest width. Outline somewhat
retracted below the ill-defined wings, but spreading again, and with
the sides and front broadly rounded.
The surface is marked by angular ribs situated at relativel}' wide
slightl}^ inclined
Hinge
line nearly as
The
flat interspaces are marked by very fine radiating

are introduced interstitially, probably by the enlargeof one of the lira?.
The whole is crossed b}^ fine, somewhat
intervals.
New ribs
lira?.
ment
lamellose concentric
lirte.
supposed to represent the left valve has an outline similar

to that of the right, but of course is inclined in an apparentl}^ opposite direction.
There is no byssal sinus, and the bi'oad wings are
undefined.
The convexity is a little lower than that of the right
valve, and the beak less prominent.
The surface is without ribs or radial marking, and is in fact nearly
smooth, showing only delicate, somewhat unequal and irregular conshell
centric lines.
This species
our collections bv a number of right

All the larger examples of the right
valve are imperfect, so that measurements can not be made, but the
length indicated is certainly less than 15 mm. The large specimens,
is
represented
in
valves and only two left valves.
This species
is
named
for
Baron von Richthofen.
48
SO far as one can bo told, do not differ, except in size,
vol. xxxiii.
from the
smaller ones.
It
can not be definitely stated that the Hatter and nearly smooth
reallj'^ had that
and shape, however, and occur-
shell here described as the right valve of the species
relation.
The correspondence
in size
rence in the same beds render this interpretation quite probable.

so,
however,
it is
form under consideration

sinus, which is well developed
certain that the
is
If
not
an Aviculipecten^ since a l)yssal

in that
genus, is here inconspicuous or absent.
In shape and sculpture this form recalls to a certain extent some of
the liussian species of Avlcula.
Russian Permian,
is
siderably different.
is still
more different.
and horhon.
Locality
x\.
hazajiensis
De
Verneuil, of the
perhaps the nearest of these, though it is still conAvicula elegcmttda Stuckenburg, of the Gschelian,
Post-Penns^'lvanian
near Ta-ning-hien, East Ssi-ch'uan (Station 5).
(!!)
(Kui-chou
series);
THE HOLOTHURIANS OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST

OF NORTH AMERICA COLLECTED BY THE ALBATROSS
IN 1908.
By Charles Lincoln Edwards,

Of Trinity
('allege,
Hartford, Connecticut.
This paper is based on a collection of Holothurians made by the

Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross along- the north Pacific coast of
North America during the Alaska salmon investigations of 1903. The
collection contains eleven species, one of which, Chlridota alhatrossii,
new form.
The specimens have been added

United States National Museum.
of the
The
s3'nony nw
is
to the general collection
given only for the species discussed. The literature

In filling out the habitats I am
is appended.
particularly indebted to the important work of Ludwig, published in
is
bearing on such forms

1900.
I.
CHIRIDOTA LiEVIS
(Fabricius) 1780.
One tentacle-crown and one body fragment; Station

49 20' 30" N., long. 123 35' 40" W.; 18 to 23 fathoms;
bottom, temperature 50.3, green mud and fine sand.
Habitat.
Eastern coast of North America from Massachusetts (lat.
42 N.) to Labrador (Ayers, 1852; Stimpson, 1853; Packard, 1860;
June
4193;
20, 1903.
lat.
Verrill,
1861,
1866;
Selenka,
1867;
Ganong, 1884, 1886, 1890?; Whiteaves,

land to
lat.
Bush,
1901).
1883;
Lampert,
West
1885;
coast of Green-
69 N. (Fabricius, 1780; Liitken, 1857; Stimpson, 1863;
West and
1882).
West Spitzbergen to lat. 80 N. (Ljungraan, 1879). Norwegian coast to Finmark (Vahl, 1806; M. Sars, 1850, 1861); Dan-
Norman, 1876; Duncan and Sladen, 1881; Ludwig,

north of
ielssen,
1861;
Bidenkap,
1899;
Ostergren,
1902).
Murman
coast
(Jarzynsky, 1885). Kara Sea (Stuxberg, 1886). Ludwig, 1900 (p.

165), gives the entire range from lat. 70 W. to 68 E., but Clark,
from Sitka and \\\q Alhatross Alaska Salmon

from the Gulf of Georgia, Halibut Bank, Van-
1902, reports this species

Investigations, 1903,
couver Island, British Columbia, so that now it can be given as

cumpolar. Depth,
to 27 fathoms, exceptionally to 45 fathoms.
Proceedings U.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
S.
xxxiii 07
49
cir-
50
2.
June
CHIRIDOTA ALBATROSSII
25, 1903.
vol. xxxiii.
Edwards, new species.
No tentacle-crown, but twelve body fragments; Stamud,

July
Three tentacle-crowns and eleven body
tion 4201, 138 to 145 fathoms; bottom, temperature 45. 5, soft gray
sand, broken shells.
6.
"
fragments; Station 4223; lat. 55 1' 9" N., long. 130^ 42' 3" W.; 48 to
57 fathoms; bottom, temperature 44. G"', soft, green mud. July 7.
One body fragment; Station 4226; lat. 55^ 36' 18" N., long. 131'- 37'
16" W., 31 to 62 fathoms; bottom, temperature 44.8, rocky. July
7.
One tentacle-crown and one body fragment; Station 4228; lat, 55
15"
36'
N., long. 131 42' 30" W.; 41 to 134 fathoms; bottom, temper-
ature 47.8, gravel, sponge. July 7. One body fragment; Station

4232; lat. 55 35' 36" N., long. 131 53' 49" W.; 77 to 93 fathoms;
bottom, temperature 43.3, green mud, sponge, rocky. July 9. One
bodyfragment; Station 4239; lat. 55 28' 35" N., long. 13146' 48" W.;
206 to 248 fathoms; bottom, temperature 48.8, coarse sand, rocky.

These specimens resemble C. Za?i'?.s' (Fabricius) in many respects, but
the presence of rods in the anterior part of the bodj^ wall, the greater
size of the
body, and the larger number of wheel-papill?e constitute
the chief differential characters of this new species.

In 1851 Pourtales described a CJuridota from Florida under the
name of Synapta Totifera. Pourtales's species also has rods in addition
to the wheels, but
it is
much
smaller than alhatrossii and lives
among
the branches of coral in shallow water.
Generally C. hvvis has been taken from rather shallow water (up to
27 fathoms, only exceptionally up to 50 fathoms, Ludwig, 1900, p. 165),
while these specimens come from a range of 31 to 248 fathoms.
Body. Elongated, cylindrical. One fragment 21.5 cm. long and
9 mm. in diameter, whole posteriorly, has some of the detached ends
of gonads in the anterior coelom, where it is broken off from the
tentacular piece, so it may represent approximately the length of the
But in this specimen the body wall is greatly

by
the many thickened folds and the crowded
shown
individual in alcohol.
contracted, as
Therefore
dorsal wheel-papilhe.
it is
probable that the living animal
Another fragment, also with anal end intact,

the
diameter
varies from 6 mm., where most concm.
long
and
is 22
tracted, to 12 mm. in the well-expanded parts, where the skin is
stretched thin.
A third fragment, with both anterior and posterior
ends missing, measures 17 cm. in length and 5 mm. in diamet&r.
Since the remaining shorter pieces are of about the same average
diameter as the above, it may be assumed that, with the tentacular
part added, the species would have a length of 18 to 25 cm. and a
is
considerably longer.
diameter of 6 to 12
mm.
In regard to the size of C.
Ixvis.,
Duncan
and Sladen, 1881 (p. 14), say: ""The largest example of this species has
been recorded b}' Sars, and measured 100 mm. in length; generally.
NORTH PACIFIC HOLOTHURIANS EDWARDS.
51
however, they range from 20 to 40 mm." Consequently this new

species is over twice the greatest and seven times the average length
of 0.
Isevis.
In alcohol, vinaceous with spots of burnt sienna scattered

over the body and the tentacles.
Tentacles.
Twelve, generally with 8 to 12 digits; in one specimen
some tentacles have 6 digits; in another, 14.
Color.
all
Spicules of the Ijocly wall.

\^4ieels in all respects like those of C.
Icevis.
(See Duncan and Sladen, 1881, Plate I, tig. 18.) Diameter, 0.08
to 0.12
mm.: average,
0.1
mm.
The
Fig. 1. Chiridota albatrossii.
a-c,
wheel-papillae are arranged in
Calcareois rods,
(x
340.)
three rather irregular, more or less distinct, longitudinal rows in the

dorsal inter-radii, while ventrall}^ they are few and scattered.
In the
fragment of the body, 17 cm. long, there are about 68 to 7.5 in each
In C. Imids there are 20 to 30 in each of the three rows

In the anterior l>od3" wall.
In the longest specimen with
tentacles these rods are at the posterior end of the piece, 4 cm. from
the tentacles.
The rods are straight to crescentic (tig. 1^/), ends
row.
Iiods.
Fig.
spinose,
Chiridota alb.\trossii.
^.
now one
(tig.
lb)
r/-/,
and then both
rarely the branches unite to
make
small cluster of spines at the middle
Occasionally the rod has

it is
triradiate
(fig.
Calcareoi's bods.
(tig.
Ic)
pei'f orations.
340.
bifid,
while very
Often there
is
(tig. '2<I).
compound curves
(fig. 2e^),
and very rarely
2/).
Size of rods in rnilUm.ete7's.

Length, 0.05- to 0.15, average, 0.1;
width, 0.007 to 0.02; average, 0.01; width of branched ends, up to 0.06.
Sjncules of the tentacles.
Rods similar to those in the body wall.
Calcareous ring
Like C. Isevis.
Polian
tered
vesicles.
from right
In
the four specimens, 10, 16, 17, and 18, scat-
to left dorsal radius.
In one specimen the longest
is
52
10
1.5
mm.
mm.
In the other three the longest are 5
Stone canal.
Much
mm. and
VOL. XXXIII.
the shortest
adherent to the dorsal mesentery. The

a number (in one case 27) of
transverse folds, which project from the mesentery.
Gonads. In two tufts, one each side of the mesentery; tubes dichotomously branched.
Of the specimens with gonads, two are female and one male.
Well developed.
Retractor muscles.
On the mesentery, near the body
Ciliatedfunnels.
wall, similar to those of C. Ipeivs (Duncan and Sladen,
coiled,
madreporite
(fig. 3) 'has
1881, Plate
Habitat.
I, fig. 17).
Queen Charlotte Sound,
off
Fort Rupert,
Vancouver Island, British Columbia; Boca de Quadra,

3. Chiridota
vicinity of
Naha Ba}^ Behm Canal, junction
Stone canal and
ence
madreporite.
[Alhatross
and Behm Canal, southeast Alaska.

Alaska Salmon Investigations, 1903.)
Fig.
albateossii.
(X
of Clar-
Strait
29.)
These localities constitute the type region.

Type.Cat. No. 25003, U.S.N.M.
3.
June
ANKYRODERMA JEFFREYSII
20,
Station 4198; lat. 49 18' 30" N.,

157 to 230 fathoms; bottom temperature, 46.8,
July 6 One specimen; Station 4224; lat. 55 9' 24"
1903 Six specimens;
long. 123 46' 12"

soft,
Danielssen and Koren, 1879.
green mud.
W.
N., long. 130 41' 48"
43.7,
W.; 156 to 166 fathoms; bottom temperature,

dark, green mud.
July 7 One specimen; Station 4230; lat.
55 35' 13" N., long. 131 50' 11"
W.
108 to 240 fathoms; bottom tem-
perature, 42.4, rocky.
Net one anchor was found,

length
is
present.
This
albeit in
most cases a stump of varying
take to be the proximal part of
tlie
stock of
the anchor, the distal
with the arms

having been broken off.
As Theel, 1886 (p. 49),
suggests, such a stump
-ANKYRODEKMA JEFFREY.SII. " SPOON'-LIKE " KOD WITH
with broken end might
RUDI.MENTARY SPIRE. (Xlll.)
easih^ have been taken
for the long process of the '"cups" by v. Marenzeller in descri})ing
his ^4. roretzil.
On many of the "spoon-like " rods there arises, about
the middle of the widened part of the rod, a sort of rudimentary
In
spire, or process (fig. 4), which hitherto has not been described.
part,
a degeneration has affected the ""spoon-like" rods so

that they are wholly or partially absorbed, with, at the same time, a
some specimens
NO. 1558.
NORTH PACIFIC HOLOTHURIANSEDWARDS.
53
deposition u]3on them of the red matter ordinarily peculiar to the

wine-red bodies. Theel, 188H, notes a similar change of color in the
tables of TrocliOtitoiria antarcticuhi Theel.
IlaUtat.ljQSBQV Antilles, lat. 12^ to 16^ N., long. 62'^ W.; also
to 42^ N., long. ^S^- to 76^ W. (Theel, Blake Report, 1886).
Finmark and north to Barents Sea to lat. 70^^ to 75 N., long. 21 to
lat. 33^^
E. (Danielssen and Koren, 1882, llotfman, 1882, Sluiter, 1895).

Northwest of Spitzbergen to lat. -80 N., long. 6 E. (Danielssen and
Koren, 1882), lat. 81' to 81 15' N., long. 19 to 23 E. (Ludwig,
Gulf of Georgia, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Boca
1900).
de Quadra, Naha Bay, southeast Alaska {Albatross Alaska Salmon
31
'
Investigations, 1903).
4.
TROCHOSTOMA OOLITICUM
(Pourtales), 1851.
After the examination of a large series of specimens, Clark, 1904,

concludes that MoJpadia horealis Sars, 1861, is a sj^nonym of the species described by Pourtales in 1851 as Ch'trodota <)dlttwi(m 'And following Danielssen antl Koren, 1879, usuallj^ given as Ti'(>ch(>i<toina horeale.
June 20, 1903. Two specimens; Station 4194; lat. 49 19' 30" N. long.
123 35' 40" W.; Ill to 170 fathoms; bottom, temperature 48.3, soft,
green mud. June 20. One specimen; Station 4198; lat. 49 18' 30"
,
N., long. 123 46' 12"
W.
157 to 230 fathoms; bottom, temperature

One specimen; Station 4237; lat. 55
50' 40" N., long. 131 46' 38" W.; 194 to 198 fathoms; bottom, temperature 42.6, green mud. July 9. One specimen; lat. 55 28' 0" N.,
;
46.8, soft, green
mud.
long. 131 57' 40"
W.; 248
Julj^ 8.
to 256 fathoms; bottom, temperature 48.8,
hard coral.
Lesser Antilles (Theel
//a5^/a^. Florida Reefs (Pourtales, 1869).
Portland, Maine (Verrill, 1873).
Casco Bay,
Blake Report, 1886).
Maine (Kingsley,
Ostergren, 1902).
West of Noi-waj^ (Danielssen and Koren, 1882,

Finmark and northward (M. Sars, 1861, Danielssen
1901).
and Koren, 1882). South and northwest of Spitzbergen (Danielssen

and Koren, 1882). Barents Sea (v. Marenzeller, 1877, Hoffman, 1882,
Danielssen and Koren, 1882, Sluiter, 1895). Kara Sea (Stuxberg, 1879,
East of Cape Tscheljuskin
1880, 1886, Levinsen, 1886, Sluiter, 1895).
(Stuxberg, 1880). Point Barrow (Murdoch, 1885). Gulf of Georgia,
Halibut Bank, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Behm Canal,
southeast Alaska [AJhatross Alaska
Salmon Investigations,
1903).
The range given by Ludwig, 1900 (p. 161), as 287 degrees through
the northern Atlantic Ocean to the Siberian Polar Sea from the
Florida Reefs (long. 83 W.) to Point Barrow (long. 156 W.) is now
extended south in the northern Pacific to Vancouver Island, British
Columbia (lat. 50 N., long. 127 W.). Depth from 20 to (550 fathoms, usually more than 55 fathoms and less than 540 fathoms.
54
5.
CUCUMARIA CALCIGERA
1851.
Pentacta calcigera Sti.mj'sox,
}).
1867.
Pentacta calcigera Packaei)
(cf.
(Stimpson), 1851.
(>7.
1867.
Whiteaves,
Cucumaria korenii Selenka, p. 350.
Oucumaria calcigera Selenka, p. 351.
1888.
Pentacta calcigera
1867.
Ganong,
vol. xxxin.
p. 45).
p. 52.
Cucumaria calcigera Ludwig, p. 146.

1901.
Cucumaria calcigera Clark, p. 162-171.
1901a. Cucumaria calcigera Clark, p. 492.
1901.
Pentacta calcigera Kingsley, p. 164.
1901.
Pentacta calcigera Whiteaves, p. 45
1900.
(For other titles in the synonymy see Ludwig, 1900, p. 146).

July T, 1903. Four specimens; Station 4231; hit. 55'^ 35' 36" N.
long. 131^ 52' 33" W.; 82 to 113 fathoms; bottom, temperature 43.0,
green mud, slate fragments, sponge, rocky. July 8. Two specimens;

Station 4233; hit. 55 54' 16" N., long. 131 45' 58" W.; 39 to 45 fathoms; bottom, temperature, 44.7, soft, gray mud, rocky. July 11.
Eleveu specimens; Station 4246; lat. 55 27' 57" N., long. 132 15' 0"
W.; 101 to 123 fathoms; bottom, temperature 44.1, gray, green

mud; coarse sand, shells.
The following description includes an account of the stone canal,
perforated plates of the introvert (peristome), supporting rods of the
body wall, which

up to this time have not been described.
Form. The body is cui'ved like a crescent tapering to both anterior
and posterior extremities, the latter being much more slender. Often
the curvature is so increased that the two ends come together.
One
example with the tentacles completely extruded (and thus 15.5 cm.
long on the dorsal mid-line) shows the anterior fifth (2.8 cm.), straight,
of a uniform diameter (0.8 cm.) and devoid of pedicels for 2 cm. from
the base of the tentacles. This anterior portion is thin and flexible in
contradistinction to the firm, stiff main part of the body, and may be
called the introvert (peristome of Delage and Herouard, 190,3-4).
When it is retracted the apparent anterior extremity, as seen in most
tentacles and certain features of the spicules of the
alcoholic specimens,
is
as Theel, 1886 (p. 103), saj^s
"more truncated"
than the caudal portion.

Size.
The average measurements of the 17 specimens in the collec-
tion gives in centimeters:
the
4.3,
body
Length from the apparent anterior end
of
(the introvert being retracted) to anus, along mid-dorsal line,
range 1.7 to 7.7; along mid-ventral line 8.42, range 3.5 to 12.7;
largest diameter, dorso-ventral 1.45, range 0.7 to 2.2, transverse 1.28,
range 0.6 to 1.7.

Color.
White, with tints of cream color to tawny olive in certain
parts derived from slime which has been deposited, especiall}^ along
the bands of pedicels.
Oral disk, clove brown.
NOR TH PA CIFIC
llOLOTII 1 111A XSED WA RDS.
55
Ten, the two ventral about half the size of the others
Tentacles.
and arising somewhat nearer the mouth. Color, mixed white and
clove brown.
Three millimeters long, colored like the tentacles.
Genital jxtp'dht.
Contiued to the anil)ulacra; dorsal in two zig-zag- rows,
Pedicels.
ventral in four to live zigzag rows toward the middle. Smaller toward
Each pedicel is conical, nonthe extremities, especially posteriorly.
retractile, the longest ventralh' (2 to 3 mm.).
Body wall. Thin (about 0.3 mm. thick), semitransparent, tirm and
rough to the touch from the numerous crowded, imbricated spicules.
In the introvert, especially thin and transparent with scattered, knobbed plates.
Bell, 1S83 (pp. 481-484), Lampert, 1885
(p. 142), Liitken, 1857 (pp. 6-T), Marenzeller, 1874 (pp. 11-12), Theel, 1886 (pp.
103-104), Duncan and Sladen, 1881 (p. 7),
and Ludwig, 1886 (pp. 278-279), have de-
scribed the spicules.
Tlje last
two descrip-
with that of Liitken, are especially good, but since 1 have found new
tions, together
spicules in the introvert and tentacles, as
5. CucUMARiA calcic; era.

OF table from
THE BODY-WALL.
nO|.)
Fir;.
Uri>p:R siiRFACE
well as ridges on the perforated plates and
the disks of the tables, I have concluded to redescribe the spicules in

general.
Spicules
(if the hodij yndl.
Tahles. Disk
to four-rayed with all intermediate forms.
flat,
ver}" irregular,
Four
round
central holes sur-
rounding the spire constitute a diamond (tig. 5), and vary from 0.02 to
mm. in diameter, being generally, but not alwaj's, larger than
the peripheral holes, which vary from 0.01 to 0.04 mm.
In the elongated and stellate forms the holes, numbering from four to forty, are in one to
three rows. These rows are usually more
0.04
distinct in the prolongations.

Fig.
6. Cu(;umaria calcigera.
Side
view of table from the bodyWALL.
(X
llOf.)
two irregular
Besides the rows there are often additional holes irregularly distributed.
rings.
Sometimes there are ridges running out from
the spire onto the rays between the rows of holes
Size
of
In
the circular disks the holes are in one to
d'ishs in
millimeters.
Length
(tig. 5).
0.15 to 0.45, average 0.23;
width 0.06 to 0.44, average 0.18; diameter of circular forms 0.1;

average width of rays in stellate forms 0.08.
Spire.
Conical or club shaped (tig. 6); may be solid, but generally
gives evidence of being composed of four rods, which, in their more
or less complete fusion, leave from one to four distal holes, and sometimes one to two below these. In the young (10 to 15 mm. long) the
56
vol. xxxiii.
spires are present on all of the outer plates as drawn by Duncan and
Sladen, 18S1 (Plate I, %. 6), but in older individuals I find that the
may occur only occasionally. This agrees with the important

and suggestive results obtained by Mitsukuri, 1897, for Stichojms
spires
japonicus Selenka.
Size of spire In mdllimeters. Height 0.06 to 0.1, diameter 0.45.
Crown generally bears from 6 to 40 teeth, average number 13 (fig. 6).
In some cases the teeth arise from projections which may be subdi-
flG.
7. CUCUMARIA CALCIGERA.
PERFORATED PLATE OF THE INTROVERT.

b,
PROFILE.
(X
O,
UPPER SURFACE;
166.)
vided; in other cases the teeth are very small and difiicult to count,
or, again, they may be almost fused into one mass (tig. 5).
Diameter of crown in millimeters. 0.02 to 0.04, average 0.03.

Perforated plates. Smooth, round to four-rayed, holes arranged as
Sometimes
in the disk of the tables, or irregularly distributed.
ridges arise running between the rows of holes.
Size of plates in ririllimeters.heugth 0.12 to 0.54, average 0.29;
width 0.09 to 0.45, average 0.15; thickness 0.008 to 0.03, average 0.02;
diameter of holes 0.008 to 0.03.

Irregular perforated plates with jagged
Spicules of the introvert.
edges and bearing spines (fig. 7a); usually more numerous on one
Fig. s. Cucumaria talcigera.
Supporting table from a pedicel,

6,
profile,
(x
1 to 21,
Size
from
1 to 21,
Upper Surface;
average 5.4;
The number
the number of spines from
Length
0.11 to 0.27, average 0.17;
face than the other, as seen in the profile view
of holes varies
a,
340.)
(fig. 7^).
average 11.8,
of plates in
millimeters.
width, 0.08 to 0.11; average, 0.09.

Spicules of pedicels.
No supporting rods other than the support-
ing tables
(fig.
8a-J).
NORTH PACIFIC HOLOTHTJRIANS EDWARDS.
NO. 1558.
Disks.
Arched, elongated,
wider at the middle, with, four central
holes and one to four holes in the ends of the two rays
Size
of disk
57
in inlUimeters.
Length
(fig.
â-h).
0.09 to 0.17, average 0.13;
height of arch 0.02 to 0.06, average 0.05; width at middle 0.03 to

average 0.04; width of ends about one-half of that of middle.
Composed of rods not so much fused as in the tables of the
Spire.
0.08,
body wall, leaving one proximal hole, none to six distal holes, and
sometimes a distinct hole between the proximal and distal holes (fig. 8).
The spire is often compressed. The spires are longer and more slender
than those drawn by Bell, 1883 (Plate VIII, fig. 2), and Ludwig, 1886
(Plate VI,
The
fig. 5).
figures
of Bell are intermediate between
Ludwig and my own,

all may be taken
so
within the range of variation.
that of
that I think
as
.
CUCUMARIA
CALCIGERA.
SPIN08E,
Kt)RATED TENTACLE ROD. (X llOf.)
have often noticed spires which

have been broken oft' that resemble Bell's figures.
Size of s_pire in niiUimeters.
Height 0.03 to O.Oi), average 0.05;
diameter at base 0.02 to 0.04, average 0.03; at crown 0.008 to 0.03,
average, 0.02.
Cnnrn. Four to twenty generally simple teeth arise from the end
and sides (fig. 8/>). The crown may be compressed or rounded.
Terminal plate. Holes may be all of the same size, or small at the
center and larger peripherally, or vice versa.
Diameter in miUi meters. 0.11 to 0.15, average 0.12.
Spicules of tentacles.
Supporting rods of
very diverse form, occasionally irregular
plates.
The rods (fig. D) are spinose and per-
forated.
The
The
plates
also
may
bear spines.
spicules are apparentl}^ adapted in curva-
ture and size to the special parts of the tentacles

Fig. 10. Cucumakia calcigera.
Fragment of calcareous
ring network. (x 340.)
in
which they occur.
The
plates
are
usually found in the terminal branches and
resemble those of the introvert, except in

size.
Tentacular supporting rods.

Length 0.14 to
width 0.008 to 0.11, average 0.05. Plates 0.06
to 0.18, average 0.1; width 0.02 to 0.08, average 0.05.
Calcareous ring.
Of ten rather slender species, each being made up
of a calcareous network (fig. 10), rather thicker in places, and therefore appearing composite.
Radialia shallow-tailed posteriori}-, the
two prolongations extending to the ring canal. Interradialia wedgeshaped, pointed anteriorly.
Polian vesicle. One, distended, pear-shaped.
Length 0.7 to 1.2
mm., average 0.85 mm.
Size in millimeters
0.72, average 0.35;
58
Stone camiL
overlooked.
Hith(>rt()
It is single,
the small,
delicate
VOL. XXXIII.
stone canal has been
straight, or convoluted,
embedded
in the
mesentery until near the madreporite, which projects free

in the coelom generall}' to the right, but in one case to the left of the
mesentery. The madreporite is kidney-shaped (fig. 11a), and consists
of two leaves or valves with thickened edges as if a round, thicklipped disk attached at the center to the stone canal had been once
folded, so that the opposite edges lie near together, forming the distal
portion of the structure.
(Fig. llJ.)
In the fifteen specimens examined one stone canal had its terminal part bifid for a short distance^
each branch bearing a head of normal size; another had, besides the
dorsal
usual madreporite, two small subsidiary heads, sessile upon the main
tube, a short distance from the distal end.
Average length of the
stalk o
mm.;
of the head 0.8
mm.
After treatment with potash it is

found that at the junction
of the madreporite with
the
stone canal the
careous network
cal-
comparatively
coarse
and
open,
but
proceeding
toward the peripher}^ the
is
calcareous threads become

finer
and
the
meshes
smaller, until in the thick-
ened
rim
cidedly
crowded,
Fig. 11.
CucuMARiA
REPOKITE.
a,
calcigera. Stone anal and mad

Side view; h, distal view, (x 27.)
i
marked
they are dedensely
finer,
off
and
clearly
from the cen-
tral part of the disk.

Gonads. In two tufts of simple tubules, one either side of the
dorsal mesentery.
Respir<(to7'y trees.Tl^fo, each with small branch given off near the
cloacal origin.
The main stems are in the right and left dorsal interradii, reaching nearly to the anterior end of the body, the right being
slightly longer.
The branches lie in the right and left ventral interradii, extending to about the middle of the body.
Strongly developed. In comparison the longiRetractor 7iiuscles.
tudinal bands are weak.
Ilahitat.
Massachusetts (Stimpson 1851, Verrill 1866).
Cape
Breton Island, Nova Scotia (Whiteaves 1901). Labrador (Verrill
West Greenland to lat. 69 N. (Liitken 1857,
1866, Packard 1867).
Norman 1876, Ludwig 1883). Assistance Bay, lat. 74 N., North
American Polar Sea to lat. 75 N., long. 95 W. (Forbes 1852, Duncan and Sladen 1881).
Waigatsch Island, lat. 73 N. Kara Sea to
long. 64 E. (Stuxberg 1879, 1886).
Plover Bay, Bering Sea (Lud-
NOR TH PA CIFIC HOL THVRIA NSED WARDS.

Bering- Strait (Stux!)erg- 1880).
wig- 1886).
W.
to long. 65
'
E., two-thirds circumpolar
59
(Tlius from long. 173

Ludwig, liHJO). Pacific
Grove, California (Clark 1901a). Nalia and Tcs Btiys, Hehni Canal,
Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska {Alhatro.^s Alaska Salmon
Investigations, 1903),
6.
CUCUMARIA CHRONHJELMI
Theel, i886.
June 27, 1903. One specimen;

Townsend, Washington. June 30.
48
55"
8'
Quarantine Station, Dock Port

Station 4209 lat.
10" W.; 24 to 25 fathoms; bottom,
One specimen;
N., long. 122-
41-'
temperature 50.3, rocky, coarse sand,
The
shells.
deficiency in figures of the spicules in Theel's original descrip-
In the tentacles, the supporting rods

is supplied by Clark, 1901.
vary in form to irregular plates, and either the rods or plates may
bear spines, a fact not brought out by Clark's description, or figure.
Ilahitaf.N^nQovxYQV Island (Theel, 1886), Puget Sound (Clark,
1901), Port Townsend, Washington {Alhatross Alaska Salmon Investition
gations, 1903).
CUCUMARIA VEGiE
7.
August
24,
19(3.
One
Theel, 1886.
specimen from Shakan Beach, southeast
Alaska.
This specimen, in general agreement with the description of Theel,

measurements in centimeters: Length, 2.7;
dorso-ventral diameter, 1.2; transverse diameter, 1.1.
The color of
1886, has the following
the specimen in alcohol
is
slate-black around the
mouth and anus
as
well as in the dorsal region, shading- laterally to mixed light gray and
smoke gray on the ventral surface. The tentacles are black and the
ends of the pedicels cream color. Usuall}^, in larger individuals
especially, the color is seal-brown dorsally shading to chocolate ventrally.
There are many examples of
this species in the collections of
Museum which
I have at hand, and, as

very abundant in the North Pacific.
Uah'dat.
Bering .Island, Theel Challenger Report, 1886. Sitka,
Pribilof Islands, Copper Island (Clark, 1902). Shakan Beach, southeastern Alaska {Alhatross Alaska Salmon Investigations, 1903).
the United States National
Clark, 1902, notes, this species
is
Synonymy
August
3.
8.
CUCUMARIA FRONDOSA
in
Ludwig,
One
(Gunnerus),
1767.
1900, p. 141-2.
specimen; Station 4272; Afognak Bay, Afognak
mud. August 6. One specimen; Station 4273; Alitak Bay, Kadiak Island; 36 fathoms; bottom,
green mud, tine sand.
Island; 12 to 17 fathoms; bottom, sticky
Ludwig, 1900, gives 1770 the date of the German translation instead of 1767, the
date of publication of the original description of Gunnerus in Kongl. Vetenskaps
Acad. Hand-lingar for Ar, 1767.
60
Size
in mUiimeters.
Introvert
vol. xxxia.
extended, length; specimen
greatest diameter, 25; introvert retracted,
length, specimen
</,
50;
?>,
90;
greatest diameter, 70.
SpiSiles
of hody
wall.
Irregular
perforated plates as described
and figured hj Clark, 1904.

Well developed when compared with japonica.
Calcareous ring.
Polian Vesicle. In J, one, rather long. In a., three; one in the
right ventral interradius, one in the left ventral interradius, and one
in the left ventral radius.
closely
One, short, in dorsal mesentery, with a single head of

crowded madreporites projecting from the dorsal mesen-
Stone canal.
ver}'^
tery toward the oral ring.
Ludwig, 1900, and Clark, 1901, 1904, question the occurrence of

this species on the Pacific coast of North America, but these two
specimens, with the chief characters as briefly related above, are,
beyond question, of the type frondosa

Clark, 1904, page 566.
Ilahitat.
(?) Florida Reef (Pourtales,
as described, for instance,
by
1S69).
Massachusetts to Labrador (Gould, 1841, Ajêrs, 1851, Stimpson, 1853, Verrill, 1866, Packard,
1867,
Ludwig, 1882, Ganong, 1884, 1888, Lampert, 1885, Ludwig,
1900, Kingsley, 1901, Whiteaves,
(Duncan and Sladen, 1877,

75^"
N. (Forbes, 1852).
1901, Clark, 1904).
Baffins
Bay
Assistance Bay, Barrow Strait, lat.

coast of Greenland to lat. 69 N. (Fabri-
1881).
West
O. F. Midler, 1788, Liitken, 1857, Stimpson, 1863, Norman,

Iceland (O. F. Midler, 1788, Liitken, 1857,
Ludwig,
1882, 1883).
1876,
cius, 1780,
Ludwig,
Jan Mayen (Fischer,
Faroe Islands (Liitken,

1886).
Horring, 1902, Schmidt, 1904). South
from Scandinavia to Kattegat (Diiben and Koren, 1846). Coast of
Norway, south to Hardanger fjord, lat. 59'^ N. North to North Cape
and Finmark (Gunnerus, 1770, O. F. Miiller, 1806, Diiben and Koren,
1883).
1857, Bell, 1892, Sluiter, 1895,
M. Sars, 1850, 1861, Liitken, 1857, M' Andrew and Barrett,

Lampert,
1885, Kiikenthal and Weissenborn, 1886, Grieg, 1889,
1857,
and 1896, Nordgaard, 1893, Sluiter, 1895, Ostergren, 1902). Baren
Shetland Islands (Forbes, 1841,
Island (Danielssen and Koren, 1882).
Orkney Islands (Bell, 1892). Coast'of
Dalyell, 1851, Ludwig, 1882).
1846,
Scotland (Forbes, 1841, Dalyell, 1851, M'Intosh, 1875, Bell, 1892).

Southwest England to
Ireland (Thompson, 1840, 18*44, Theel, 1886.
Spitzbergen, to lat. 80 N. (v. Heuglin, 1874,
lat. 50 N. (Bell, 1892).
MurKara Sea (Levinsen, 1886).

Point Franklin, Alaska (Murdoch, 1885). San Francisco (A3êrs, 1855).
Admiralty Inlet, Port Townsend, Washington, Afognak Island,
Kadiak Island {Albatross., Alaska Salmon Investigations, 1903).
Ludwig, 1900 (p. 143), gives this species as two-thirds circurapolar.
Depth to 218 fathoms; usually lives in from 2 to 30 fathoms.
Ljungman, 1879, Ludwig,
man
1900).
Barent's Sea (Sluiter, 1895).
coast (Jarzynsky, 1885, Pfeffer, 1890).
NO. 1558.
9.
CUCUMARIA JAPONICA
61
Semper, 1868.
Cucumaria japonica Semper, p. 236.

Cucumaria japonica Lampert, p. 143.
1886. Cucumaria japonica Theel, p. 110.
1900. Cucrimaria japonica Ludwig, p. 143.
1902. Cucumaria japonica Clark, p. 562.
1868.
1885.
1903. Three specimens; Station 1205; lat. 18 8' 10" N.,

122 11' 18" W.; 15 to 2() fathoms; bottom, temperature 50.8,
August 21. One specimen; Station 1802; off Shakan,
shells.
June
long.
rock,
29,
Sumner
Strait, southeast Alaska; 169 to 212 fathoms; bottom, temWithout data two specimens.
perature 41.2, blue mud.
She in niillimeters. Introvert extended; length: specimens a, 55;
170; greatest diameter, , 19; ?>, 38; introvert retracted, length, c,

c/, 33; e, 10;
f, 170; greatest diameter, c, 15; d, 19; e^ 20; /, 65.
Individuals h and _/ may be taken as adult and the others as 3'oung.
J,
21;
Color.
Dark,
from which
or light, tint of ecru-dral).
as a natural color, the ecru-dral)
c,
heliotrope-purple,
might result after
loss
of color in alcohol.
Perforated plates of irregular form and size.

Spicules ofhody wall.
In most of the specimens, as shown in sections, the large, radially
placed, perforated plates are massed near the opening of the cloaca, as
described by Semper, 1868 (Plate
XXXIX,
fig.
3).
Clark, 1902, did
not find these large plates in his four specimens, which otherwise agree
with the descriptions given by Semper, 1868, and Lampert, 1885.

In form like frondosa., but very delicate and
Calcareous ring.
generally greatly reduced, not, however, to the mere vestige described
by Semper.
Polian 'Vesicle. Five specimens with one Polian vesicle, longer than
the body, the terminal portion turned forward and coiled among the
200
gonad tubes and branches of the respiratory trees. Length in
/',
one
Polian
vesicle
has
been
given,
mm.
usually
but
mm.
351
Since
it is worthy of note that e has 1, one in the right ventral radius,
one either side of the mid- ventral radius, and one in the left dorsal
!>.,
interradius.
Stone canals.
Length in millimeters. As generally twisted, 3 when

in right
Numher and location.
;
straightened, 5; madreporite,
1.
</,
5,
edge of base of Polian vesicle; 6?, 6, around base of

Polian vesicle; e, 9; c^ 18, scattered around oral canal; />, 95; /', 110,
closely crowded in a row around the posterior margin of the entire
This increase in number accompanies growth, which is
oral canal.
strikingly demonstrated in the large number of canals in the adult.
This fact I have shown for other Holothurians in a recent paper
Edwards, 1905). Form. Simple, or distally bifid or trifid, each branch
bearing a small madreporite. Stone canal twisted, sometimes two
twisted together, or, again, two may be united at the base.
and
left tufts at
62
vol. xxxiii.
Bahitat.Japsin (Semper, 1868). Gulf of Georgia (Lampert, 18S5).

Shakan, Summer Strait, southeast A[aska{Albali)02).
Sitka (Clark,
iross
Alaska Salmon Investigations, 1903).

lo.
1882.
PANNYCHIA MOSELEYI
Theel, 1882.
Pannychia moselet/i Theel, pp. 88-90.

Pannychia moseleyi var. henrice Ludwig, pp. 95-99.
(?) 1894.
1901.
PannycMa
moseleyi Sluiter, pp. 71-72.
July 31, 1903. One specimen; Station 4265; lat. 56 56' 30" N., long.
136 10' 0" W.; 590 fathoms; bottom, temperature 38.2, green mud,
rocky.
Form.
Flattened
entrally, arched dorsally.
Dimensions of hody.
97 mm.
long; 13
mm.
wide; 10
mm.
dorso-
ventral diameter.
Color.
and
In alcohol heliotrope-purple above, white
papilloB whitish, ends-
cream
below.
Tentacles like the
color.
Pedicels
body on
the stalks, but with the ends cream color.
Twenty, three broken

of pedicels. Thirty -two in the
Nwmber of tentacles.
Distribution
off.
right lateral ventral
in the left lateral ventral radius.
Twenty-eight
these rows the posterior pedicels are smaller.
radius.
In both of
Twenty-four
in the
mid-ventral radius.
PapUlie.
Length,
10 nmi.; diameter, 0.4
side of the l)ivium, being
somewhat
mm.
About lYO on each
thicker along the radii.
In the
middle third of the mid-dorsal region there is a naked longitudinal

At the extreme anterior end of the bivium
space only 2 mm. wide.
there are three papillae on either side and in the line of the madrepojic
papilla one on either side, each with a
stiff'
firm wall, thicker base
(1
mm. diameter), and with the stalk colored heliotrope-purple.

Of the pedicels, covered in the body-wall. Of the
Amj>iill86.
papillte, branched, projecting into the coelom.
Ventrally 0.5 to 2 mm.
Thickness of body wall.
like those described by Theel, 18S2,
In
general
Calcareous spicules.
and for the
details I refer to his paper.
In the bivium are found the large wlieels

wall.
similar to the small wheel shaped
spicules
no
but
of 13 or 14 spokes,
In the triviuui, to
with
35
to 50 holes.
plates
round
or
small
plates
Spicides
of the body
the contrary, the first-mentioned large Avheels are lacking, whih^ the
small wheel-shaped plates and perforated plates with many holes,
together with straight or arcuated, simple or branched, spinose supporting rods are present.
Large wheels,
Pedicels.
Spicules of the amhdacral appendages.
small wheel-shaped plates, small round perforated plates, simple or
branched, spinose supporting rods, large irregular plates at the top of
NORTH PACIFIC HOLOTHURIANSfJDWARDS.
NO. 1558.
63
the processes, terniiniil phites with tmnierous holes in several hiyers,
and net-like bodies with wide,
Scattered
irreg-ular meshes.
wheel-shaped plates and simple or

branched spinose supporting- rods, with some of the large wheels near
Papillse.
small
the tips.
Tentacles.
Many of the large wdieels and small wheel-shaped plates
in the stalks,
but in the disks only the
last,
together with crowded
spinose supporting rods.

Calcareous ring.
Rudimentar}',
fragile,
spongy;
its
true form not
distinct.
I\>Uan
common
vesicles.
base for
Stone canal.
9
mm.
Two, each 20 nun.
long, l.C
mm.
diameter, with a
mm.
'S
Ends
in dorsal
madreporic papilla.
mm.
in
diameter,
posterior to the tentacles; a clear, slightly whitish, spherical
body, of no particular structure.

Gonads. On either side of dorsal mesentery one long (70 mm.)
tube, giving oti' richly branched lateral branches.
The gonaduct opens
10 mm. posterior to the tentacles.
Comparative. The one indi\'idual above extends the geographical
distribution of this species from one extreme of the Pacitic to the
other.
From the three records now published, together with the
above description of the Alhatross specimen, it is difficult to say

whether there are several varieties of Theers type or just one very
variable
species.
The
descriptions
of
PcutnycJiia
nioseleyi
Theel,
given by Theel, Sluiter, and myself, and of P. moseleyi var. henrice

Ludwig agree well enough and so intergrade as to constitute the one
species.
Because of the inadequate description, the position of Pa)ioujchia icooiPniasoni
Walsh, 1891, given by the author
to P. moseleyi Theel is very uncertain, as both
Ludwig
as closely allied
(pp. 9.5-9(i)
and
Sluiter (p. 72) have indicated.
Ludwig
in
established his variety
upon the smaller number of pedicels
the mid-ventral radius and the presence of three genital tubes,
instead of one, on each side of the dorsal mesentery.

pedicels depends
upon growth, although we have,
The number
of
as yet, no exact
formula for the determination of the age of a Holothurian. The size,

way gives some idea of age and maturity, as
Mitsukuri, 1903, found in the case of Stichopus jajxmicus Selenka,
and, as I have demonstrated in recent studies (1905), of Ilolothuria
floridana Pourtales and TI. atva Jaeger.
While in general, as Ludwig suggests (p. 98), the number of appendages increases with size and age, yet my specimen, with a length
included in Ludwig's smallest class (66 to 175 nnu.), has a larger
number of lateral pedicels than even TheeFs type. The number of
mid-ventral pedicels in my specimen (24) agrees exactly with that of
Sluiter, and both are intermediate between Theel's type (55) and Ludof course, in a general
64
wig's variety (2-14).

icels, it
is
vol. xxxiii.
Considering the variation recorded for the ped-
doubtful, with our present knowledge of the species,
if
The presence of three

variety should be established upon this basis.
side
of
the
one
on
each
mesentery, since in
instead
of
tubes
genital
both cases ih.Qj are of the same form, might also be taken as within
Upon comparing my
the possible limits of variation and growth.
specimen with Theel's drawing (Plate XVII, fig. 2) I was impressed
with the different appearance it presented. Instead of the rather
scattered papilUe showing considerable inequality in size and the long,
broad, naked mid-dorsal space, as pictured by Theel's artist, my specimen gives the impression of more nearly equal, more slender, shorter,
and crowded papillae. This impression is borne out by Theel's count
of 100 papillae on each side of the back, while I found about 170, and
the length of the papillae, which he gives as 15 to 20 mm., while 10
mm. is the longest in my specimen. Thus, in respect to form and
distribution of papilla^, Theel's type is one extreme and my specimen
The anterior
the other, with Ludwig's (Plate X, fig. 2) intermediate.
dorsal "transverse, thin, lobe-like extension of the skin, sending out
several processes" of Theel (p. 89) is probably represented by the
stiff- walled, heliotrope-purple colored papilhe, each with a base (1 mm.
in diameter) twice the width of the ordinary papilla and arranged
three on each side at the extreme anterior end, with an additional one
on each side in the line of the madreporic papilla. The two Polian
vesicles, with a common base in my example, may easiW be regarded
as a variation, as also the smaller size and lack of structure shown in
the madreporic papilla Avhen the latter is compared with Ludwig's
specimen. The characters of Sluiter's two specimens are in general
intermediate between those of Theel and Ludwig.
11.
June
20,
STICHOPUS CALIFORNICA
(Stimpson), 1857.
1903. Two specimens; Station 4193;
lat. 49-' 20'
30" N.,
long. 123^ 35' 40"
W.; 18 to 23 fathoms; bottom, temperature 50.3,

green mud; fine sand. June 20. Two specimens; Station 4197; lat.
49 20' 34" N., long. 123 35' 54" W.; 31 to 97 fathoms; bottom, tem-
perature 46.8, sticky, green; fine sand.

In these four small specimens (length 3.5 to 4.5 cm.) the gonads are
not developed, but the spicules and other characters agree so well with
what there
the
much
is
in the
meager
original description of Stimpson, 1857, and
better characterization of Clark, 1901, that I have
little
hesitation in this determination.
Tomales Bay, Pacific coast (Stimpson 1857). Pacific

Habitat.
Grove, California (Clark 1901a). Sitka (Clark 1902). Gulf of Georgia,
Vancouver Island, British Columbia {Albatross Alaska Salmon Investigations 1903).
NOR TH PA CIFIC HOL THVRIA NSED WA EDS.
NO. 1658.
STICHOPUS CHALLENGERI
12.
Jul}^ 7,
long. Isi^
(Theel), i886.
1903. Three specimens; Station 4230;

50' 11"
W.
hit.
55^ 35' 13" N.,
108 to 240 fathoms; bottom, temperature
One specimen;
roclv}'.
August
Island;
74 to 80 fathoms;
14.
C5
Station 4289;
4:2
Uyak Bay, Kadiak
bottom, temperature 42.2, gray mud.
Augustlo. One specimen; Station 4291; lat. 57^45' 0" N., long. 154
2' 30" W.; 48 to 65 fathoms; bottom blue mud, sand, gravel.
August
15. One specimen; Station 4293; lat. 57-45'0"N.,long. 15412'0"W.;
106 to 112 fathoms; bottom blue mud, fine sand.
The study of these six individuals of Stichojms chaUengeri., which

Theel described from "a single slightly macerated specimen," gives
an opportunity to add a few things to the admirable description of
that author.
It is of interest that TheeFs specimen, found in lat. 46
53' S., long. 51 52' E., gives the two regions now recorded for this
species on opposite sides of the earth.
Body. Size in centimeters: Length, 5.1 to 18.8; average, 12.3;
dorso-ventral diameter, 1.2 to 2.3; average, 1.8; transverse diameter,

2.0 to 3.2; average, 2.7.
Color.
In alcohol; three specimens brownish drab dorsall}", shading
to light hair brown, or white, ventrally; the other three heliotrope-
shading to lavender ventrally.

four specimens with 20 and two with 19
(Theel's example had 19).
Color cream-buH". Ampulhe extremely
short, the longest being 3 mm.
Genital jxipilla.
Inconspicuous, at most 1.5 mm. high, 0.5 to 1.4
cm. from base of tentacles.
purple
dorsall^y,
Tentacles.
Nonretractilc;
Pedicels.
Ventral,
nonretractile,
white,
with cream-color ends.
Three specimens have two rows the entire length of the ambulacra.
In one specimen the two lateral ambulacra have two rows and the midventral is parti}' with two and partly with four rows.
The other two
specimens have four rows in the mid-ventral ambulacrum in the middle
of the bodv.
This increase in number of rows is obvious!}' due to contraction and is of interest in relation to TheeFs description of the
''
median series, composed, apparently, of about four rows of pedicels
on the posterior half of the body; anteriorly the odd ambulacrum
carries only two rows of pedicels."
Paplllx.
Dorsal, usually the most anterior are longer and form a
fringe projecting in front of the body.
Length, 0.6 to 1.7 mm.;
average, 1.1
Color.
Body
mm.
Stalks,
vxill.
Spicules
like bod}";
Rough, 0.1
of
some
to 5.0
the lody icall.
of the ends, white.
mm.
thick; average, 2.2
In addition
mm.
to the structures described
by Theel, occasionally the four-rayed forms have the ends of the rays
joined to
make
Proc. N.
M.
perforated disks of tables.

vol.
xxxiii07
PIIOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
6G
An
incomplete table
is
shown
M\
in Theel's figure.
vol. xxxiii.
stages between
the simple bifurcated, or perforated, ends of the rays to the completed
TheeFs suggestion that the two C-shaped

is i)orne out by the
disk ma}' be observed.
deposits he observed belonged to another species
absence of any such spicules in the six AIlM/tross specimens.

The supporting rods (tig. 12) vary greatly
Spicules of the tentacles.
They ma}' be straight or form a
in size and degree of curvature.
semicircle, or the curvature
may
be represented by an acute angle.
The rods are
Generally the ends are perforated.
smallest at the tips
of the tentacles.
Size of rods in millimeters.
Length
of chord. 0.06 to 1.4; width
of rod, 0.008 to 0.08.
Polian
vesicle.
Only one in each of the six individuals in contradistinction to TheeFs,
Form,
cylindrical.
which had two.

Length, 11.0 to
mm.; average, 13.5 mm.

Stone cannl.
Single, in dorsal
mesentery with madreporite adherent to coelomic epithelium. Length,
24.0
fj.O to 18.0 mm.; average, 13.0mm.

/
T
Madreporite. disk
lormedJ (in
one
Diameter, 1.0
case spherical) with stone canal attached to one edge.
Curved
challengeri.
SUPPORTING ROD OF A TENTACLE.
Fig. 12. stichopus
to 3.0
50.
TV/f
i.
i'
mm.
Gonads.
In both sexes like a string of beads.
Gonaduct accompa-
nies the stone canal anteriorly, joining the genital papilla just posterior
Five specimens were females, one male.

Respiratory trees. Present in three specimens, with two branches
as described b}' Theel, except in one individual, which has three.
Length, trunk, 5.0 to 12.0 mm.; average, 8.0 mm.; longest branch,
30.0 to 59.0 mm.; average, 39.7 mm.; shortest branch, 23.0 to 43.0
to the madreporite.
mm.; average,
30.7
mm.
Lat.
46^ 53' 8.; long. 51^ 52' E.; depth, 550 fathoms
(Theel, Challenger Report, 188()).
Naha Bay, Behm Canal, southeastHabitat.
Uyak Bay, Kadiak Island, Shelikof Strait

Alaska Salmon Investigations, 1903).
ern Alaska,
{Alhatros-s,
LITERATURE.
1883. Bell, F. Jeffrey.
On
the Spicules of Ciicumaria hyndmanni,
C. culcigera,
1899.
two allied forms. Jour. Roy. Mic. Soc. London, (2), III, pp. 481-484.
BiDENKAP, Olaf. Troms0sundets Echinodermer. Tromso Mus. Aarsh.,
1835.
Brandt, Joh. Frid.
and
-
Hft.
20, pp. 104-112.
Prodromus
observatorum. Ease. 1.
1883. Bush, Katharine J.
Proc. U.
1901.
Clark, Hubert Lyman.

America.
The
Zool. Anzeig.,
S.
descriptionis aninialium
ab H. Mertensio
Nat. Mus., VI.
Holothurian.s of the Pacific
XXIV,
pp. 162-171.
coast of Nortli
NO. 1558.
KtOla.
Clark, Hubert Lyman.

Soc. Nat. Hist.,
190L'.
XXIX,
Notes on Some
Echinoderms
fi-oin
67
ruget Sound.
I'roc.
Boston
Anz.,
XX\',
(15), pp. 323-337.
North
Pacific HolotlinrianH.
/ool.
(677).
1904.
Echinodenns
Tlie
pis. i-xiv,
of the
Woods Hole
Region.
Bull.
S.
IJ.
Fish Com.,
pp. 545-576.
Lea
Traitc de zoologie concrete.
3;
and Herouard, E.
Echinodermes. 8vo., 53 pis., 565 text, tigs., pp. x+496, Paris.
Percy. A Memoir on the Echinoder1881. Duncan, P. Martin, and Sladen,
mata of the Arctic Sea to the West Coast of Greenland. London. 82 pp.
1903-4. Delage, Y.,
6 pis.
1905.
Edwards, Charles Lincoln.

and the Reestablishment
(Quantitative
Study
of Jlololluirid utra Jaeger
of IlulotJtiiria floridana Pourtales
{=irulothiiri<i
mexicana Ludwig). Science, n. s., XXI. (532), pp. 383-384, Mar. 10.
Notes on Animals of the Class Echinodermata. Suther1852. Forbes, Edward.
Journal of a voyage in Baffins Bay and Barrow Straits in the
land, Peter C.
years 1850-51, II, London, iVppendix, pp. ccxiv-ccxvi.
On the Zoology of the Invertebrate Animals of Passama1884. (xANONCi, W. F.
quoddy Bay. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New Brunswick, (4), pp. 87-102.
1888.
The Echinodermata of New Brunswick. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc. New
.
Brunswick,
1891.
(7), pp. 45-53.

Zoological Notes. Bull. Nat. Hist. Soc.
in 14 pp., but
(Reprint
(9).
Beskrifning Pa trenne Norrska Sjo-Krak, Sjo-Pengar

Ventenskapps Acad., Handlingar for Ar 1767, XXVIII
kallade Kongl.
pp. 114-124, tab. 4.

H0rrin(;, R.
Rapport
i
Brunswick,
John Ernst.
1767. (tUNNerus,
1902.
Xew
no date.)
Sommeren
1901.
om
Fiskeriunders0gelserne under Faeroerne og Island
Fiskeri-Beretn. for 1900-1901, pp. 181-209.
Kingsley, J. S. Preliminary Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrata of Casco

Bay, .Maine. Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., II, pp. 159-183.
1885. Lampert, Kurt.
Die Seewalzen. Semper, Reiseu ini Arcliipel der Philippinen, Wiesbaden, Tiel 2, IV, Abt. 3, 4, 310 pp., 1 pi.
Verzeichniss der Holothurien des Kieler Museums. 22
1883. Ludwig, Hubert.
1901.
1886.
Bericht d. Oberhess. Gesellsch. f. Natur-u. Ileilkunde, pp. 155-176.

Echinodermen des Berings-meeres. Zool. Jahrbiicher, I, pp. 27-"i-29fJ,
.
1 pi.
1894.
12.
The Holothurioidea.
Reports on an exploration
off
the West
Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and Galapagos Islands, in
1898.
1900.
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Harvard Coll., XVII, (3), 183 pp., 19 pis.
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Holothurien. Hamburger Magelhaensischeu Sammelreise.
.
Hamburg Magelh. Sammelreise, 3 Lief. (1), 98 pp., 3 pis.

Arktische und subarktische Holothurien. Fauna Arctica
gegeben von F. Romer u. F. Schaudinn. Jena, I, pp. 133-178.
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heraus-
Chr. Fr. OversigtoverGronlands Echinodermata. Videnskabelige

Meddel. fra den Naturhist. Forening i Hjobenhavn, pp. 88-110.
Verhandl. zool. -hot.
Kritik adriatischer Holothurien.
1874. Marenzeller, E. v.
Gesellsch. Wien., pp. 299-320.
1897. ]\IiTSUKURi, K.
On Changes which are found with Advancing Age in the
Calcareous Deposits of StieJiopus japonicus, Selenka. Annot. Zool. Japon.,
1857. Lt'TKEN,
V, Pts.
1903.
and
2,
pp. 31-42, 3 text
figs.
Notes on the Llabits and Life History of

Annot. Zool. Japon., V, Pt. 1, pp. 1-21, 4 figs.
.
S7/c/*o/)/f.s';'cyjon(>iw
Selenka.
68
1877.
Norman, A. M.
Gwyn
J.
a cruise of H. M.
XXV
don,
1867.
Pack.\rd, a.
View
S.
1851. Pourtales, L. F.
Proc.
1861. Sars,
1867.
f.
Syst., VII, pp. 100-127.
On the Holothuriae of the Atlantic Coast

Am. Ass. Adv. Sc, 5 Meet., pp. 8-16, ^ya^h.
Komm.
Zeitschr.
f.
Havunders0gelser
f.
(I)
of the
United
Christiania., 160 pp., 16 pi.
Fiskeriunders0gelser ved Island og Faer0erne
Selenka, Emil.
Memoirs Bos-
the Invertebrate Fauna of Labrador.
Oversigt of Norges Echinodermer.
M.
1904. ScHxMiDT, J.
Skrift.
of
I.
Echinodermen von Ost. Spitzbergen, nach der Ausbeute

W. Kiikenthal und Dr. Alfr. Walter in Jahre 1889, Zool.
Georg.
der Herren Prof.

Jahrbiicher, Abt.
States.
Proc. Roy. Soc. Lon-
(1876), pp. 202-215.
ton Soc. Nat. Hist.,

1894. Pfeffer,
Jeffreys Preliminary Report of the Biol. Eesults of
Valorous to Davis Strait in 1875.
S.
vol. xxxiii.
vi+148pp.,
Sommeren
1903.
charts, Oct.
zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien.

XVII, pp. 291-374, pis. xvii-xx.
Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen, Wiesbaden. Teil 2,
Beitriige
wiss. Zool.,
1868. Semper, Carl.
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Die Holothurian der Siboga-Expedition. Monograph. 44,
Uitkomsten op Zool. Bot. Ocean en Geol. Gebied Versameld in Nederland.
Ost-Indie 1899-1900 aan boord H. M. Siboga onder commondo Van Luit.
Bd.
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1901. Sluiter, C. Pn.
G. F. Tydeman. Leiden.
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Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific Coast of North America.
J. of Boston Soc. of Nat. Hist., VI, pp. 444-5.32.
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1879. Stuxberg, Anton.
Nordenskiuldska expeditionerna 1875 och 1876. Oefversigt af Kongl.
1854. Stimpson,
1857.
Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlinger (1878), Stockholm.
(3), pp. 27-40,
pi. 6.
1886.
Fauna pa och kring Novaja Semlja.
Vega-Expeditionenes Veten-
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Report on the Holothurioidea, Pt.
1882. Theel, Hjalmar.
Scientific Results of the
1886.
1886a.
Voyage
of
H. M.
S.
I.
Report on the
Challenger, Zoology, IV, Pt. 13,
London, 176 pp., 46 pis.

Report on the Scientific
Report on the Holothurioidea, Pt. 2.
Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Cliallenger, Zoology, XIV, Pt. 39, Lon.
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.
Alex.
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Dredging, under the supervision of

Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea
and along the Eastern Coast of the U. S. during the summer

by the U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, Lieut. Commander C. D.
Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding.
Report on the Holothurioidea, Bull. Mus. Harvard Coll., XIII, pp. 1-21.
Verrill, a. E. On the Polyps and Echinoderms of New England. Proc.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., X, Boston, pp. 33.3-357.
Walsh, J. A. Tull. Natural History Notes from H. 'M. Indian Marine Sur(1879-80),
of 1880,
1866.
1891.
vey steamer Investigator, (24). List of Deep-Sea Holothurians collected

during seasons 1887-1891, with descriptions of new species. J. Asiatic Soc.
Bengal,
1901.
LX,
Whiteaves,
1891, pp. 197-204.
J. F.
Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrata.
Ottawa, (722), p.
44.
Geol. Sur. Canada,
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF RECENT UNSTALKED

CRINOIDS FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN.
By Austin Hobart Clark,
Of
the United States
Bureau of
Fisheries.
based upon material collected by the United States

Ocean north of Mexico and
southern Japan. All but two of the species were collected on the
recent Japanese cruise in the Bering' Sea and about Japan, The
Eschrlcht'ii group is best represented in regard to numbers, with over
T\iif<
paper
is
Fisheries steamer A/I)afross in the Pacilic
1,750 specimens, mostly of Bering Sea and eastern Pacific forms.

Unfortunately, Antedon eschriehtii var. maxima is so large (about 3
feet in diameter) that
on the
little
else in the
extensive series.
last cruise,
on one or two
trawl we found
enormous numbers
The
although we obtained
occasions, in fact, there

it
it
in
was very
impracticable to preserve an
group in the eastern Okhotsk

the Pacific- American coast, and in the Bering
species of this
Sea, off eastern Japan, off
Sea are all remarkable for the strong overlapping of the arm joints,
which have serrate distal edges, a fact which was first noticed for this
The lower
district by Hartlaub in Antedon tanneri from Panama.
pinnules also have a distal comb, resembling that in some species of
Another
Coniatida, but much longer than is usual in that genus.
interesting fact is that the species from the western American coast
all have the third syzygy in the fourteenth brachial and not in the
The distwelfth, as do those from the Bering Sea and Asiatic coast.
tal intersyzygial interval in the North Pacific species (excepting' those
from southern fbipan and the Japanese Sea) is almost invariably two
joints, whereas in most of the others it is three.
All these species
will be more fully described and figured in my report on the North
Pacific crinoids.
The following keys have been prepared with reference

described species in the respective groups, and
it is
to all of the
believed that the
information given in them is amply sufficient to differentiate the new

from any of those given in the Challenger reports or subsequently described.
species
Proceedings U.
S.
National Museum, Vol. XXXlll No. 1559.

69
70
vol. xxxiii.
KEY TO THE SPECIES DESCRIBED.
Genus DEC AM ETROCRINUS Minekert.

A. ('entro-dorsal
lary;e
and
about 80
conical, bearing
(
ANTEDON
Genus
A.
cirri.
Decametrocrinus horealis,
first
much
jtinnnle
species.
elongated, with a distal comb-liice process as
in Cotnatula "
aa. 20
+ 4)'':
arms: distichals 4 (3
cirri
(2) Antedon ram, new species.

smooth, with 15 joints.
(3) A. liartlauhi,
A A.
new
de Fr^minville.
syzygy in the radial axillary.

10 arms: the
a.
new
sjiecies.
Three articulated radials.

The lower jiinnules long and flagellate, the first with very short, the second
and following with much elongated joints: cirri smooth, with greatly
elongated joints and a long terminal claw: brachials mostly oblong.
a.
aa.
(''.
The lower
Cirri
and
2)innules long
always more or
flagellate,
(4) A. (eneUoiiJc-'i, new species.

with numerous short and broad joints.
[EscHRiCHTii group.]
spiny: distal joints of
less
first
pinnule short and Inroad
like the basal.

c.
Fifth pinnule longer than the

equal, but the sixth
may be
first: first and sixth pinnules usually about

the longer: arm joints strongly overlapping,
short-triangular: intersyzygial interval
two
joints.
Third syzygy in the twelfth brachial

(5) A. asperrimn, new species.
dd. Tliird syzygy in the fourteenth brachial
(6) ^4. perplexa, new species.
cc. Fifth pinnule much shorter than the first.
d. Third pinnule the longest, with elongated joints, differing from the first
and second, which have short and broad joints: fourth pinnule nmch
d.
shorter: 40 cirrus joints

dd.
e.
Third pinnule equal
to,
(7) A. laodice,
or not
much
new
Joints of the third pinnule mostly wider than long as in the
arm
and triangular: more than 40

arms smooth: third pinnule most like the second.
second:
joints short
much
first
and
cirrus joints:
(8) A.cschricldii (J.
ddd. Third pinnule has fewer but
species.
shorter than, the second.
longer joints than the
MuUer).
and
first
second.
e.
Less than 40 cirrus joints:
Arm joints
arm
joints triangular.
much wider than
long, strongly overlapping: 35 to

40 cirrus joints
(9) A. inexpectata, new species.
ee. Over 40 cirrus joints: arm joints triangular, strongly overlapping:
lower brachials strongly tubercular. . . (10) A. ralltbnni, new species.
dddd. Third pinnule composed of a few elongated joints, and much shorter
than the second, which has short joints.
/.
It
is
p. 140),
naming
the same time.
as
name
Acfinometra of Johannes Miiller is untenable.

(Wiegmann's Archiv fiir Naturgesch., 1841, Bd.
the type Actinomelra imperialis, which was described by him at
unfortunate that the
Miiller jjroposed the

I,
short,
name
in 1841
Later, after visiting the Paris
Museum,
Miiller found that his Acti-
nomelra imperialis was identical with the Comaiula wlaris of Lamarck, which is the
type of the genus Comutida proposed by Lamarck in 1816 (Hist. Nat. des Animaux
sans vertebres, II, p. 530. ). Thus Comatula 1816 and Actinometra 1841, being founded
on the same species, are synonyms, and it becomes necessary to replace the
by the older name established by Lamarck.
^4 (3+4): four joints, the third and fourth united by syzygy.
latter
NEW RECENT UNSTALKED
NO. 1559.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
7l
Middle and digtal arm joints very short, much wider than long.
Calyx and arm bases smooth: third syzygy in the twelfth brachial.
g. Distal arm joints with smooth edges, not overlapping: intersyzygial
e.
/.
interval
gg.
Distal
arm
to 5, usually 3 joints.. (11)
krachijmfro,
new
species.
with serrate edges:
(9) A.inexpectata,
syzygial interval 2 joints

ff.
^1.
joints strongly overlapping,
new
inter-
species.
Calyx and arm bases spinous: third syzygy in the fourteenth bra-
chial
(12) J. serratimma, new species.
ddddd. The third pinnule, while much shorter than the second, has similar
joints, which are more elongate than those of the tirst.
e. 60 cirrus joints: first pinnule the longest: radials and lower brachials
with raised and spiny edges
(13) A. )ii<irLr, new species.
ee. 35 to 40 cirrus joints: radials and lower brachials smooth.
(14) A. liondoensis, new species.
Cirri perfectly smooth: distal joints of first pinnule somewhat elongate.
bb.
(15) A. cUo, new species.

[Tenella group.]
Lower pinnules long and flagellate, with elongated joints
Cirri with more than 30 joints: centrodorsal long and conical with 5 inter-
aaa.
b.
rows of cirrus sockets,
radial ridges, each inclosing 3

First i>innule
c.
much
longer than the second.
Second jtinnule as long as the

Cirri with about 20 joints.
cc.
bb.
(17) A. fragilis,
First pinnule twice as long as the second
c.
.1. erytlirlzon,
(16)
first
(18) A.
Second pinnule nearly as long as the first.

d. Middle arm joints triangular syzygial interval 2 or 3
Cirrus joints long: lower pinnules not carinate.
e.
tttniis,
new
new
species.
new
species.
new
species.
new
species.
species.
cc.
(19)
joints.
,1. ciliata,
Cirrus joints short: lower pinnules strongly carinate.
ce.
(21) A. arctica,
dd.
Middle arm
joints quadrate
and elongated: syzygial interval
1,
sometimes
(20) A. isis, new species.

with less than 15 joints.
radials and lower brachials in contact
Cirri smooth, with elongated joints
and tubercular: first two pinnules short
(22) A. briseis, new species.
2 joints
bbb.
c.
Cirri
I.
DECAMETROCRINUS BOREALIS,
Centro-dorsal
eonictil,
1>
mm.
new
in diauieter, tuul
bearing- about 80 cirri, the dorsal pole free.
species.
comparatively high,
Cirri lacking-.
First radials just visible; iirst ])rachial short, about three times as
wide as high, somewhat incised by the second; second brachial irregularly quadrate, about as long as wide, with a backward projection,
rising into a tubercle; following brachials quadrate, becoming triangular after the basal third of the arm. then quadrate again toward the
end and elongate at the tip, Syzygies in the fourth brachials, again
a))Out the eighth or ninth, and distally at intervals of from 2 to 6
(usuall}^ about 3 or 4) joints.
Arms 125 nun. in length, with about 100
joints.
First pinnule, on the second brachial, 15 mm. long, slender, with 15

or 50 short joints. Second pinnule, on third brachial, 12 mm. long,
resembling the tirst; third pinnule like the second; distal pinnules 15
mm.
long, with about 20 long, slender joints.
72
The
disk
color in life
is
is
vol. xxxiii.
purplish brown, the skeleton nearly white; the
black.
Ti/pe.Odt. No. 22G52, U.S.N. M., from Alhafross station No. 4918;
30 22' 00" north latitude, 129^ 08' 30" east longitude (Eastern Sea);
361 fathoms; Auo-ust 13, 1906.
2.
ANTEDON RARA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal large and discoidal, bearing about 20 cirri. These are

5 mm. long, with 8 or 10 joints, the basal half greatl}^ elongated, centrally constricted, the distal short and compressed.
Second radials bareh^dsible; axillaries pentagonal, wider than high,
with a S3^z3"gy; 10 arms 35 mm. long, the lirst 3 brachials oblong,

the remainder quadrate (the fifth to the ninth almost triangular)
becoming elongate distally. A syzygy in the third brachial, another
about the tenth, and others distally at intervals of about 2 joints.

First two (outer) pinnules the longest, with about 20 short joints,
bearing a coml) distally, as in Coitiatida. The third to the sixth pinnules are shorter, without combs, and bear much swollen rounded
genital glands on the second and third joints; distally the pinnules are
longer and more slender. Disk that of a tj^pical Antedon.
The color in life is light clear yellow, the cirri white.

Type. Cvii. No. 22605, U.S.N. M., from Alhatross station No. 4892;
27' 30" north latitude, 128 33' 00" east longitude (Eastern Sea);
August 9, 1906.
fathoms;
181
32
3.
ANTEDON
HARTLAUBI,rt new
species.
Centro-dorsal a thick disk, the pole beset with small spines, bearing
about 30 marginal cirri; these are smooth, without dorsal spines, 20 mm,
long, with 15 remarkabl}" uniform joints, all of which are somewhat
longer than wide. There is no opposing spine to the terminal claw.
Radials concealed as far as the syz3^gy in the axillar}-; axillaries
low and wide; distichals 4, the two outer united b}' syz^^gy; rarely 3,
the two outer united by syzyg}^; 20 arms 120 mm, long, the first eight
brachials oblong, the remainder triangular, somewhat wider than
high, becoming cjuadrate at the tips of the arms; a syzygy in the third
brachial, another about the fifteenth, and others distally at intervals of
from 4
to 7 joints.
First pinnule on the second distichal, always on the outer side of the
rays, 4 mm. long, with about 20 joints, the first three or four broad,
with rough dorsal projections, the distal short but slender; the second
brachial 1)ears a slender pinnule 11 mm. long with about 40 short joints,
the
first
"For
two with dorsal processes. From the first two brachial pinnules,
Dr.
Clemens Hartlaub,
of the Indian Archipelago.
in recognition of his
work on the unstalked
crinoids
NO. 1559.
CRINOTDS CLARK.
73
the pinnules g-raduall}" decrease in size, increasing again and becoming
very slender distall,v.

Color in life 3'ellowisli ])rown, the skeleton whitish,
Tf/pe.Cat No. 22600, U.S.N.:\I., from AIhatr<m station No. 4934;
30 58' 30" north latitude, 130 32' 00" east longitude (oft' Kagoshima
Gulf); 152-103 fathoms; August 16, 1906.
ANTEDON TENELLOIDES,
4.
new
species.
Ceutro-dorsal a thick disk, bearing aljout 60 or TO slender marginal

35 mm. long, with fifteen to seventeen greatly elongated joints, perfect]}^ smooth, the cirrus ending in a long sharp tercirri; these are
minal spine.
Second radial partially visible, the centro-dorsal usually extending

to the inferior end of the axillary; the axillary is wider than
high; 10 arms 110 mm. long, with about 120 brachials, usually regularly oblong throughout the arm, proportionately longer distally.
Syz3^gies in the third, eighth, and twelfth brachials, and distally at
up
intervals of 2 joints.
14: mm. long, slender, composed of 35 to 10 short
which are wider than long; second pinnule 10 mm. long,
First pinnule
joints, all of
with 20 joints,
pinnule 8
mm.
all
but the basal 3 or 4 much longer than wide; third
long, with 15 joints,
the basal 4 squarish, the rest
longer than wide, with a large genital gland on the fourth to the
eighth; following pinnules to the thirteenth essentially like the third;
distal pinnules 20 mm. long, very slender, with 25 to 30 elongated
joints.
Color in life grayish brown, dorsal surface and cirri nearl}' white.
Ti/pe. Cut No. 22607, U.S.N.M.; from Alhafro.ss station No. 5092;
35 04' 50" north latitude, 139 38' IS" east longitude (Uraga Straits,
entrance to Tokyo Gulf); 70 fathoms; October 26, 1906.
5.
ANTEDON ASPERRIMA,
Centro-dorsal hemispherical, 9
new
species.
mm. in diameter, bearing 30-70

mm. long with 50-60 joints short
(usually 50-60) cirri, the upper 50-53
at the l)ase, becoming about twice as long as wide, then

gradually Ijecoming square or even wider than long toward the tip;
the lower 25 nmi. long with 25-30 joints, not much longer than wide,
and squarish
proportion to their length, being as thick as, or even

more elongate cirri of the upper row. The cirri are
not always dimorphic in this species; frequently they are all of one
and stout
in
thicker than, the

type.
First radials almost concealed bj^ the centro-dorsal
second radials very
short and trapezoidal, about four times as wide as long; axillaries about
as wide as higli, equal in width to the horizontal diameter of the secondbrachials, with a sharp distal angle; 10
arms about 230 mm.
in length,
74
with 250-300 joints, the edjês of
all
vol. xxxiii.
and overlapping:
marked after the eighth
are set with a row of fine
raised distally
the succeeding joint, this character becoming-
The distal edges of the joints

sharp teeth, each with a median ridge which is continued in a raised line
for some distance back onto the joint, giving it a longitudinall}' striate
appearance. All the syzygies except the proximal two or three are
supplied with a row of these teeth, becoming distally quite as prominent as those on the articulations. The first brachial is trapezoidal in
shape, the outer edge being about twice as long as the inner; the second
brachial is triangular when viewed externally; the succeeding joints
to the tenth are quadrate, having pinnules on their shorter sides, and
their apposed edges rising to tubercular prominences, alternating in
position; from the tenth on the brachials are triangular, rather short,
brachial.
and becoming shorter distally. S3"zygies alwa^'s in the third, eighth,

and twelfth brachials, and distally at intervals of 2 joints.
The first pinnule is 20 mm. long with nearly 100 very short joints;
the second pinnule is 24 mm. long, both this and the first with a
strong comb on their distal half; the third pinnule is 25 mm. long,
with much more elongate joints and only the last quarter with a
comb; the fourth pinnule is 21 mm. long, the fifth 23 mm. long, and
the sixth 20 mm. long, all with much elongated joints; the fourth and
following pinnules bear genital glands; distally the length decreases
to about the twelfth pinnule, then increases again.
This species
is
readily distinguished
pinnules, and especially of the
remarkably uniform, combined
by the great length of all the

or eight pairs, which are
first six
wîth the
presence of a syzj^gy in the
twelfth brachial.
Color
in life yellow, the cirri whitish.
Type.Cî. No. 22650, U.S.N. M.; from Alhatrof<s station No. 3332;
54 02' 50" north latitude, 166 45' 00" west longitude (Bering Sea);
406 fathoms; August 21, 1890.
6.
ANTEDON PERPLEXA,
new
species.
In general similar to the preceding species, but more slender, the

joints more elongate and quadrate, the axillary considerably
wider than the second radial, and the third syzygy almost invariably
in the fourteenth brachial, rarely in the thirteenth, and never in the
arm
twelfth.
Color in
life
yellow or brow^nish yellow, the
r?/;;e. Cat. No. 22611,
cirri whitish.
U.S.N.M.; ivova Albatross
stdîion
47 29' 30" north latitude, 125 43' 00" west longitude

of Washington); 636 fathoms; June 28, 1889.
(ofi'
No. 3070;
the coast
NO. 1559.
7.
CRINOIDSCLABK.
ANTEDON LAODICE,
new
75
species.
Centro-dorsal low, hemi.spherical, bearing- about 40 c-irri these are

40 min, long-, with 40 joints, the basal half of which are longer than
wide, the distal short and furnished with low spines.
First radials partiall}^ visible; second radials short, ol)long-, incised
by a backward projection of the axillary; axillaries about as wide as
high, with a backward projection forming a tubercle; 10 arms; first
brachial irregularly quadrate, with a short inner and long outer border; second brachial almost triangular; following brachials quadrate,
becoming triangular after the fourteenth or fifteenth; syz3'gies in the
third, eighth, and twelfth or thirteenth brachials, and distally at
;
intervals of
Two
first
?>
joints.
pinnules 20
mm.
long, slender and flagellate, with 50 ver}-
short joints; third pinnule 22

shorter; fifth and sixth
The
first
much
mm.
long with 46 joints; the fourth
shorter, with the joints
more
elongate.
4 pinnules bear combs.
Color in
life
lemon yellow, the cirri lighter.

U.S.N.M.; from .#^>/my.s-
Ti/pe.Ciit. No. 22609,
station No.
33^ 23' 40" north latitude, 135=^ 33' 00" east longitude
(off
4l)61>;
southern
Japan); 587 fathoms; August 29, 1906.

8.
The specimens
ANTEDON ESCHRICHTII
(J.
Muller.)
of this species obtained in the
Okhotsk Sea and the

from
Sea of Japan appear to be structurally identical with others
Europe and the Atlantic coast of America,

the extent reaching 700
mum
mm. and
mm. and
l)ut tiie size is
the cirri 115
mm.,
much
greater,
as against a maxi-
by Dr. P. Herbert Carpenter

Antedon eschricJit!! in the Pacific has a
remarkably restricted range, being found only in the Sea of Okhotsk,
about southern Sakhalin and La Perouso straits, in parts of the Gulf of
On the southern
Tartar}', and in the northern part of the Sea of Japan.
and eastern shores of Japan, along the Kurils and in the Bering Sea it is
Considering the isolated and cirreplaced by quite difl'erent species.
of 500
70 mm., as given
in the Challenge i'*^^ report.
cumscribed habitat of this species in this region, together with its

uniformly greater size, it seems best to bestow upon it, for the present
at least, the varietal name of Antedon eHdirlcktli maxima^ taking as
the type-locality 43^ 01' 35" north latitude, 140^ 10' 40" east longitude, in 248 fathoms, off the coast of Hokkaido, in the Sea of Japan.
9.
ANTEDON INEXPECTATA,
new
species.
This species resembles Antedon asperrhna and ^4. perplexa in genbut the third pinnule is distinctly smaller than the
first and second (which are about equal in size), f recjuently ver}^ much
eral appearance,
Challenger Keports,
Report on the Crinoidea,
Zo(")logy,
xxvi,
p. 139.
76
so; the fourth pinnule is still smaller, the
vol. xxxiir.
minimum being reached
on the seventh or eighth, after which the length increases distally.

Antedon inex2)ectata is a somewhat stouter species than A. asjjerrlma,
and is usually' smaller, although some individuals are fully as large as
nw largest of that species, measuring, arms 2P>() nuu., cirri TO mm.
The third syzygv is in the twelfth brachial.
The color in spirits is brownish yellow.
7^y^;,..__Cat. No. 2i3B47, U.S.N.M.; from .lM(7//v>,s.v .station No. 2853;
56 00' 00" north latitude, 154 20' 00" west longitude (south of Alaska
Peninsula); 159 fathoms;
August
0,
1888.
ANTEDON RATHBUNI," new
10.
species.
This species resembles Antedon asjMrrima, but is ver}^ much more

arm joints strongly tubercular; the first three
pinnules are of equal length, the fourth somewhat, and the fifth much
The arrangement of the
shorter, little over half as long as the third.
robust, with the lower
syz3"gies is as in
The
A. asperrima.
color in life
is brig-ht
yellow.
7y/je. Cat. No. 2261S, U.S.N.M.; from Alhatro.^.s station No. 5033;
44 04' 20" north latitude, 145 28' 00" east longitude (in Yezo Straits);
533 fathoms; September 30, 1906.
II.
ANTEDON BRACHYMERA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal hemispherical, bearing 30 to 50 cirri; these are 45

mm. or 50 nun. long, with 40 to 45 joints of which the distal third
bear low dorsal spines.
First radials just visible; second radials short,
wider than high; 10 arms 160 mm. long;
first
trapezoidal,
14 or
1-5
much
brachials
smooth, slightly tubercular, wider than long, irregularly o))long or

somewhat quadrate; following brachials low-quadrate, becoming shorter
distally, the distal edges produced outward, but smooth and not overlapping; none of the brachials are triangular, and all are wider than
long, the middle and distal verj^ much so; syzygies in the third and
eighth, usually also in the twelfth brachials, and distally at intervals
from one to five, usuall}^ three joints.

pinmde 30 nun. long with 65 to 70 short and wide joints, the
distal third with a comb; second pinnule the same length or very
of
First
first, but with the comb not so pronounced; third pinnule like the fourth, 16 mm. long with 28 joints,
mostly rather longer than wide; the following pinnules decrease in
length to about the tenth, then increase again distally.
Color in life jêllowish white, readily distinguishiible from the lemon
yellow Ardedon e.'<Ghricht a maxima^ with which it is always associated.
slightly shorter, similar to the
For Dr. Richard Rathbun,
in recognition of his
work on the Crinoidea.
NO. 1569.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
77
U.S.N.M.; from Albatross station^^.o. 4:[)SQ',

north latitude, 140 22' U)" east long-itude (Sea of Japan);
Ti/jê. Cat. No. 226J:9,
43^ 01'
-iO"
172 fathoms; September 19,

12.
190().
ANTEDON SERRATISSIMA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal hemispherical, with 40 or 50 stout
cirri,
almost
the joints of which bear strong- dorsal spines; the cirri are 30
lony, with about
3*5
which exhibit a tendency
joints,
all
mm.
to overlap.
First radials concealed; se'cond barely visible; axillaries very broad;
10 arms 105
mm.
in length; first brachials
very short; second trian-
gular, approximally equilateral; third irregularl}' oblong; following
brachials to the tenth
Syzygies
or twelfth,
wedge-shaped, then triangular.
and fourteenth l)rachials, and distally

The radials and lower l)rachials are thickly
in the third, eighth,
at intervals of 2 joints.
sharp spines. Brachials overlapping, the edges of all

with numerous small sharp teeth.
The first pinmile is 17-21 mm, long with 45-60 short joints, and
bears a long com)) distally; the second pinnule (which is long-er than
the first) is from 18-22 mm. in length, with 45-60 joints; the third
set with small

set
pinnule
may
mm. long with 36 joints and bearing a com!) like

may be 12 mm. long with elongated joints, like the
be 20
the second, or
it
fourth; the distal pinnules are long and slender, their joints over-
lapping, the distal edges set with spines.
Color in life 3'ellow, the cirri wdiitish; in spirits white, l)rown, or red.
Tijpe.CuL No. 22612, U.S.N.M.; from MxifrosM station No. 3464;
48 14' 00" north latitude, 123 20' 40" west longitude (off the coast of
Washington); 40 fathoms; September 4, 1891; 32 other specimens
from the coast of Washington, Oregon, and northern California.
This is a much stouter species than Antedon perplexa., with proportionately shorter arms.
It is readily distinguishable
from that form
by the spiny character of the radials. lower brachials, and pinnules,

and the proportionately greater size of the centro-dorsal. which
entirely conceals the first and almost entirely the second radials.
13.
ANTEDON
MARIiE," new
species.
Centro-dorsal hemispherical, l)eai'ing about 50 cirri (the pole free)

in character; the upper (about the edge of the centro-
dimorphic
dorsal) 60 nmi. in length, with 60 joints,
proximall}",
compressed
laterally, elongate
short distalh", the distal joints with faintl}' indicated
spines; the lower 35
mm.
in length
with about 30
joints.
First radials concealed except for a narrow border; second radials

short, about four times as
wide as long; axillaries about as high or
For Mrs. Mary W. Clark, of Boston, Massachusetts, to whom

mncli valuable assistance in my work on the unstalked crinoids.
am
indebted for
78
vol. xxxiii.
higher than wide, triangular, the middle of the proximal border raised
into a slight tubercle, the inferior edge sot with fine teeth.
Ten arms;
the first brachial with short inner and long outer edge, the latter with
a
row
of small sharp spines;
second brachial irregularl}' quadrate;
third brachial with a longer inner than outer edge; following brachials
few quadrate, then triangular.

and flagellate, with 60 short
wider than long, of which the terminal 25 or 30 bear a comb;
to the eleventh oblong, the next
First pinnule 22
joints,
mm.
in length, slender
second pinnule 19 mm. long with about 40 joints, longer in proportion

than those of the first; third pinnule 16 mm. long, with 40 joints, and,
Following pinnules much
like the second, with a terminal comb.
shorter, with fewer and longer joints and no comb; the pinnule on the
twenty-sixth brachial
Color in
is
12
mm.
long, slender, with 20 elongated joints.
life clear 3'ellow% cirri lighter.
Type. Cat. No. 22608, U.S.N.M.; from All>atross station No. 5092;
35^ 04' 50" north latitude, 139 38' 18" east longitude (Uraga Straits,
entrance to
Tokyo
14.
Gulf); 70 fathoms: October 26, 1906.
ANTEDON HONDOENSIS,
new
Centro-dorsal hemispherical, bearing 30 to 50
40
cirri
mm.
long, with 35 to 40 joints,
species.
cirri,
the pole bare;
the distal half spinj", the
articulations rather prominent.
First radials just visible; second radials very short; axillaries some-
what wider than high, with an open

long;
first
distal angle; ten
arms 140 mm.
brachial very short, the next triangular; following brachials
to about the tenth irregularly oblong, almost squarish, then
becoming
quadrate as long as or longer than wide, the proportion remaining

about the same to the end of the arm.
First two pinnules 24 mm. long, with short and broad joints,
becoming squarish after tlie first five or six; the basal five or six joints
bear high but short dentate dorsal processes, those on the diflferent
joints separated from each other bv deep notches; third pinnule 14 mm.
long, with rather elongated joints, resembling those of the second.
The
fifth
pinnule bears a small genital gland, which increases in size

The distal pinnules are long and slender,
on the sixth and following.
with the edges of the joints set with small spines.

This species is peculiar in having the position of the third syzygy
quite irregular, but usually on the twelfth, thirteenth, or fourteenth
brachials; the distal intersyzygial interval
is
two
joints.
Tyjye.Cî. No. 22651, U.S.N.M.; from Alhatross station No. 5048;

38 09' 24" north latitude, 141 52' 30" east longitude (off Kinka San
Light, east coast of Nipon); 129 fathoms; October 10, 1906.

15.
ANTEDON
CRINOIDS CLARK.
CLIO, new
79
species.
Centro-doi'sal hemispherical, bearing 40-50 cirri, a large polar area

free; eirri IT
mm. long, slender, with 25-30 joints, of which the fourth

much longer than wide, then decreasing in length,
to tifteenth are
becoming squarish
distally; the distal joints
do not bear dorsal spines.
First radials visible at angles of calyx, laterally separated distally; sec-
ond radials very short, widely separated laterall}', very deeply incised
by the rhombic axillaries; axillaries rhombic, or possibly slighth' longer
than wide, the distal angle somewhat open. Ten arms, 55 mm. long;
first brachial very short and deeph^ incised, the inner edge much
second brachial irregularly quadrate, produced distally on the outer side of the Y'ay^ and proximally in the
median line; third l)rachial quadrate, the inner side more than twice
the length of the outer, the ejîzygal quadrate with the inner side
longer than the outer, the hypozygal triangular, with the short side
in the inner side of the ray, the apex on the outer; next live brachials
irregularly oblong, then quadrate for live or six, then triangular, about
as wide as high, becoming quadrate again distally; syzygies in the third,
eighth, and twelfth ])rachials, and distally at intervals of three joints;
the lower brachials are raised distally, giving the lower part of the
arms a distinctly serrate appearance; the edges of the out<n" brachials
are slightly roughened, but do not overlap.
First pinnule 10 nnn. long, very slender, with a])out 30 joints, the
basal 6 or 7 of which are short and wide, then becoming more elongate, ])ut never much more than twice as long as wide; second pinnule
much shorter (7 mm.) and stouter, with 15 joints, the first 3 short, the
remainder greatly elongated; the following pinnules are stouter, but
in general similar to the second; they gradually decrease in length to
about the seventh, then become more slender and increase in length
distally where the}' are 8 nnn. long with about 20 slender joints, all
but the basal two, which are short, greatly elongated.
Color in life light yellow, banded with white, the cirri white, with
occasional narrow bands of yellow.
7]/^^'. Cat. No. 22618 F.S.N. M.; from AUmtro.^s station No. 4004;
32 31' 20" north latitude, 128" 32' 40" east longitude (Eastern Sea);
shorter than the outer;
16.
ANTEDON ERYTHRIZON,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal long and conical, divided hy 5 interradial ridges into

areas containing 3 parallel rows of cirri, about 12 in each area, or Go
in all.
The cirri are about 50 ram. long, with 35-40 elongated, nuich
compressed, smooth joints, the longest between 3 and 4 times as longas wide, decreasing in lengtli distally; terminal spines very small.
80
vol. xxxiii.
First radials visible at angles of calj^x; second radials crescentic,

deepl}' incised to receive the strong-
backward projection
of the axil-
form, about as long as wide, all the sides

somewhat concave; 10 arms; the iirst brachials have long- outer and
short inner sides, and are very deeply incised by the second brachials,
which are nearly square; the six following brachials are oblong, subsequentlj" becoming quadrate for a few joints, then triangular; a
s3'zyoy in the third brachial, another about the eighth, and others
distally at intervals of from 5-10 joints.
The first pinnule is about 20 mm. long and ver}^ slender, composed of
16 greatly elongated joints; the second pinnule is 15 mm. long with
laries; axillaries quadrate in
about 12 elongated
joints; the following pinnules decrease in length,
much shorter proportionately; the distal

long with about 17 greatly elongated joints.
Color in life, dull purple, rather dark.
Ti/pe. Cat. No. 22613 U.S.N.M.; from Alljafros-s station No. -1981;
42^ 58' 15" north latitude, 110^ 09' 10" east longitude (Sea of Japan);
their
component
pinnules are 17
joints being
mm.
406-390 fathoms; September 19, 1906.

17.
ANTEDON
FRAGILIS, new
species.
..1. erythrizon in the character of its centrogeneral appearance; but the cirri consist of about 30
greatly elongated smooth joints; the first two pinnules are equal in
length, comparatively short (11 mm.) but slender, with about 20 elon-
This species
dorsal and in
is
similar to
its
gated joints, the third longer and distinctly stouter; the axillaries and
lowêr brachials are more elongated than in A. erythrizon; syzygial
interval 2, sometimes
3, joints.
Color in life, light purplish brown.

Type.Qvii. No. 22611, U.S.N.M.; from Alhatrfm station No. 5032;
41^ 05' 00" north latitude, 145 30'. 00" east longitude (Yezo Straits);
500 fathoms; September 30, 1906.
18.
(?)
ANTEDON TENUIS,
new
species.
Antedon species, von Gkaff Oudlenger Reports 1884,

27, p. 79
vol.
X of Zoology,
No.
(Vladivostok).
Centro-dorsal flattened hemispherical, bearing about 40-50 cirri, the

pole free; the cirri are 25 mm. long and have about 20 elongated joints,
becoming shorter distally and developing a low dorsal spine.
First radials concealed; second radials short and deeply incised by
the axillaries; axillaries slightly wider than high, rhombic, the edges
slightly concave; the axillaries are wider than the second radials; 10
arms, 110 mm. long and very slender; first brachial very short, the
outer edge longer than the inner; second irregularly quadrate; following brachials to the eighth sq-aarish, then quadrate to somewhat past
the middle of the arm, after which they become long and "dicebox
NO.
NEW RECENT VNSTALKED
i.m
rRINOlDSCLMiK.
81
shaped;" syzygies in the third, eig-hth, and twelfth brachials, and

distally in alternate joints.
First pinnule jJO mm. long, xavy slender, with 30 joints, the basal 5
wider than long, then becoming slender and greatly elongated; second
pinnule about half as long as the tirst, with about ;^0 joints, the basal
two or three wider than long, the rest elongated, a large genital gland
on the fifth to eleventh joints; third and following pinnules like the
second; distal pinnules 13 nmi. long with 25 very slender joints, the
two basal short and somewhat flattened.
Color in life, light 3'ellow-brown.
Ti/jx'. Cat. No. 22<)15, II.S.N.M.; from AlJjatro.s.s station No. 4997;
47 38' !:(" north latitude, 141- 24' 30" east longitude (Gulf of Tartary);
31S fathoms; 8eptem])er 23, 19(Hi.
ig.
ANTEDON
CILIATA, new
species.
Centro-dorsal low hemispherical, the pole bare, with 40-.^0

the longest (about the margin) reaching 35
sisting of about 20 (usuallv rather
lt\ss)
mm.
in
cirri,
length, and con-
elongated joints,
all
of which
are longer than wide, the basal half very nuich so; apical cirri nnich
shorter and
more
slender, but with the
same number of
joints.
more or less
form, wider than high,
with the sides slightly concave, and considerably wider than the secFirst radials concealed; second radials short and wide,
incised
ond
by the
radials;
axillaries; axillaries
10 arms 130
mm.
in
rhombic
in
length; the
first
brachial irregu-
quadrate, with a long outer and short inner edge; second brachirregularly (piadrate, with a long outer and short inner edge;
larl}"
ial
third brachial squarish; following brachials to the tenth irregularly
oblong with the borders somewhat, often strongly, tubercular; succeeding brachials triangular, about as wide as high, becoming quadrate
distally; syz3'gies in the third, eighth, and twelfth brachials, and distally at intervals of 2, sometimes 3, joints.
First pinnule 20 mm. long, wîth 35 joints, the proximal 12 short
and wide, mostly wider than long, the distal 23 extremely long and
slender; second pinnule somewhat less, with 20 joints, the 2 basal
wider than long, the basal 10 carinate, the distal 10 much elongated
and slender, and a large genital gland occupying the tliird to eleventh;
following pinnules like the second; distal pinnules long and very
slender, w4th 30 joints, the first two short and wide, the others greatly
elongated, especially distall3\
Color in
life,
light purplish
brown, the skeleton lighter;
cirri
nearly
white.
T(/pr. Cat. No. 22616, U.S.N.M.; from A/Ud/yKs.'^ station No. 4982;
43^ 00' 00" north latitude, 140^ 10' 30" east longitude (Sea of Japan);
390-428 fathoms; September 19, 1906.

Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii07
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MVSEUM.
82
20.
ANTEDON
new
ISIS,
vol. xxxiii.
species.
Centro-dorsal hemispherical, bearing- 30-40 slender cirri. 10 mm.

long, with 20 joints, not especially elongate, the fourth, which is the
longest, being little
more than twice
as long as high; all the joints
are expanded distally, slightly overlapping, but do not develop dorsal

spines.
First radials visible at angles of calyx; second radials narrow and
much curved; axillaries approximately square, with

Ten arms 65 mm. long, very slender; first brachial
the sides concave.

short, with a long
outer and short inner edge; second brachial irregularly quadrate; third
and following brachials irregularly quadrate, becoming longer later,
and very long and "dice-box" shaped distally; syzvgies in the third,
eighth, and twelfth brachials and distally in alternate joints, sometimes
with intervals of 2 joints.
First pinnule 7 mm. long, moderately slender, with about 20 joints,
the basal 3 or 4 short, the others longer than wide; the second pinnule
somewhat shorter, with about 12 joints, the basal 4 short, the rest
longer than wide; third pinnule like the second and of the same length;
the fourth and following pinnules bear large genital glands; distal
mm. long, very slender, with 15 joints, the lirst 2 short and
expanded, the remainder much elongated.
Color in life ye41owish brown, the skeleton and cirri lighter.
Type.^CîL No. 22617, U.S.N.M.; from Albatross station No. 4917;
30 24' 00" north latitude, 129 06' 00" east longitude (about 90 miles
WSW. of Kagoshima Gulf); 361 fathoms; August 13, 1906.
pinnules 9
21.
ANTEDON ARCTICA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal small, liemispherical, bearing about 30 cirri; these

mm. long, with 20 to 25 joints, the longest about twice as long
are 13
as broad,
joints
becoming short and squarish in the distal

or may not have blunt dorsal spines.
half; distal 6 or 7
may
First radials just visible; second radials ver}" short,
trapezoidal,
more or less incised by the axillary; axillary nearly twice as wide as

high.
Ten arms, the lirst 9 brachials squarish, then quadrate, longer
than wide, becoming more elongate distallv; syzj^gies usually in the
and twelfth (sometimes
third, eighth,
seventh and eleventh or thir-
teenth) brachials, and distally at intervals of
two joints. The arms are

long to the twenty-fifth brachial.
First two pinnules very long (8 mm.) about equal in length, Hagellate,
the first with 25 joints, less than twice as long as broad, serrate at
the tip, the basal 6 or 7 joints strongly carinate; second pinnule with
25
mm.
rather fewer,
much
more elongate
so as the
first;
joints, also carinate basally,
third pinnule
much
but not so
shorter, stouter, with elongate
NO. 1559.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
C3^1indrical joints, not carinate basally; the following
ually
83
pinnules grad-
become more slender and elongated.
Color
Ti//>e.
(in spirits)
Cat.
rather dark brown.
No. 22610, U.S. N.M.;
coast of Alaska; received
Camp
Clay, Cape Sabine, arctic
from Lieut. (nowMaj.
(len.) A. W.Crreeley,
U. S. Army, in 1886.
This species is interesting in belonging, to quite a different type of
the Ten ella ^vou.^ from those heretofore known as inhabitants of the
Arctic seas, which agree in having from half again as many to twice
as many cirrus joints as A. arctlca^ and the second pinnule usually
much smaller than the lirst, whereas in A. (irctica the second pinnule
is as long as or even a trifle longer than the first.
A. .arctica represents a group of species occurring in the southern seas from 46 south
and this fact is of especial interest

Bering Sea and north Pacific (exclusive of the Okhotsk Sea
and Sea of Japan) species of the EHchrlchtli group are also more
latitude north to about the equator;
in that the
nearly related to the antarctic than to the arctic species.

22.
ANTEDON
BRISEIS, new
species.
Centro-dorsal discoidal or low hemispherical, the pole papillose,

bearing about 20 cirri in 2 or 3 irregular marginal rows; cirri 8 mm.
long with 12 to 14 joints, all longer than wide, the second to the
seventh greatly elongated; the joints arc somewhat constricted in the
middle, with prominent articidations, and do not bear dorsal spines.
First radials
just visi})le;
second radials very short, al)out four

l)y the axillary; they have
times as wide as long, somewhat incised
strong rounded median keels, posterior lateral tubercles on each side,

and a dorso- ventral ridge in the anterior portion; axillaries rhombic,
about as wide as high, all the sides, especially the two posterior,
much incurved, with a strong posterior median tubercle, which is continued backward over the second radial.
Ten arms 23 nun. long; the
first brachial has a short inner and long outer edge, and is deeply
incised by the backward projection of the second brachial; second bra-
edge ver}' short, the outer long, the

two proximal edges much incurved; there is a large tubercle on its pos-
chial irregular in shape, the inner
terior l)order, o\'erlapping the first l>rachial; third brachial squarish;
following brachials quadrate, at
first wider than long, but becoming

longer than wide after the tenth, and elongate distally; syzygies in
the third, eighth, and twelfth brachials and distally at intervals of
two
joints.
mm. long with 7 joints, all but the first 2, which

are squarish, greatly elongated; second pinnule similar, but apparFirst pinnule 2.5
ently very slightly shorter; the distal pinnules are 4

ingl}^ slender,
with about 15 joints,
all
but the
mm.
first 2,
long, exceed-
which are very
84
short, j^reatly elongated.
The
vol. xxxiii.
radials and first brachials are in close
apposition laterally, and are somewhat flattened.

Color in life lig-ht yellowish brown with broad bands of darker yel-
low brown on the arms.
Type. Cîi. No.

Sea of Japan.
This species
22<i58,
U.8.N.M.; from AUxifross
.station
No. 4876;
nana Hartlaub {'=A. inacr<>2>!/<j"x

Tonga Islands, from which it differs in having the cirri smooth, the radials and lower brachials carinate and tubercular, and the brachials elongate.
Liitken
is
nearest to
^1.
MS) from Amboina and
the
NOTES ON PARASITES OF BERMUDA FISHES.
B}'
EuwiN Linton,
Of Washington and Jefferson
College,
Wn^JihujIon, I'eniisylixtnia.
INTRODUCTION.
These notes are based on investigations made
Bermuda
Biolog-ical
Station
l)y
the writer at the
for Research, Flatts,
Bermuda, from
July 7 to August 7, 1903.

I am under oljligations to many of my colaborers in the laboratory
for their friendly assistance, and especially to Mr. Thomas Barbour,
to
whom
am
indebted for the identitication of
many
of the iish
which were examined, and without whose energetic and disinterested

help ni}^ list of fish would ])e shorter than it is.
It gives me pleasure also to record my grateful acknowledgments
to the Bermuda Natural History Society and to Doctor Mark and
Doctor Ik'istol for the privileges of the laboratory.
The opportunities for getting material were limited, and, moreover,
much of the material was in poor condition. This was especially true
When it is rememV)ered that the
of many of the small distomes.
temperature of the laboratory was not often as low as SO'-' F., day or
night, it will be easily understood that much care was necessary to
prevent the rapid deterioration of material.
While an examination of a greater number of tisli would, without
doubt, add many parasitic forms to the list contained in this paper,
enough has l)een ascertained to ati'ord some data relative to the degree
to which the Bernmda fishes are infested.
So far as my observation teaches, those fishes which are found on
the inner reefs are freer from encysted parasites than are those which
live on the outer reefs and in the deeper waters outside.
On account
of the exceeding transparency of the Bermuda waters, sharks, which
are the great disseminators of cestode ova, do not frequent the shallower waters of the shoals. This fact probal^ly accounts for the comparative scarcity of cestode larvfe in the fish which were taken on the
shoals.
On the other hand, the large groupers and rock fish, all
of which were from al)out l-i fathoms of water on the outer reefs,
were found to harbor numerous encysted cestodes on the viscera, and
especially in the walls of the stomach.
recurring feature in the
Proceedings U.S. National Museum Vol. XXXIII No. 1560.

,
85
86
VOL. XXXIII.
larger groupers, hind, and rock lish was the occurrence of cysts,
inclosing waxy, (U^gcniM'atc tissue in the walls of the stomach.
These
from light amhcr to almost
alone, but also to nematodes and
cysts are of various shades of brown,

black, and are due, not
('estod(>s
*ô
acanthocephala.
Lint vfjitih
examined J'ur parasites with sumruury of results.
Common
Scicntifu'immeof host.
name
p/titya
Carcharhiniis
don (Poey).
Lyrodontis
u r i ii </ a
(Cuvier).
Kl()]).'< .safOMxLinnfBus.
C\il)
Si/iiodun KrtHrwx
Snake
or local
of host.
Ff)od notes.
Fragments
shiirk
of lish
in
stomachs.
.Si>oltc(l
moray
Bony-fish
(Ijin-
..
fish
Small
tisli
Small
fish (fry).
Green
algte.
in
stomach.
nifiis).
Fiindiihis
r in
l><
ii
Mangrove
now.
d :v
(iiinthc^r.
TiilosuruM (tens
min-
Honiul
Lac(5-
-f
pefle.
Hjiporlinniplius utiijasriiilas
lianzani).
Athi riiiii liairhigtonensin (ioode.
Half-beak
Fry
Young
Sphyrxna
Barracuda.
Fisli.
Squirrel
Small crustaceans.
and
sphyrxna
gastropods
cop('|)ods.
(Linn!us).
Hdlocfidrvs^ aarcvxionis
Oshcck.
Uj)i'7H'iis
(ica/at
III
Fragments of crustaceans and annelids.
Goat fish...
iin
(Hloch).
I
Scnold
Amber,Jack
Bci-idlii J'iKriiitit
(Risso)
(Hlocli)
Bonit(
Scridlit Jdlritia
Cuvier
Bermuda
diiiiii
i/.i
\'alcnciennes.
Tiiic/i II raps rrnmenoi)-
Fish.
few.
Small
.salmon
fish.
Fish.
iiiid
Big-eyed scad
lliii/iinis Hloc'il.
Cony
puiicLiiin:eus).
JSoiliiiinifi fiili'iis
tiitiis
.s
lip in
Hind
rphel u, k morio
and Valen-
Deer
Crustaceans.
few.
Grouper, Hamlet
Kpimiilu/us ittriatu
Hloch.
Epiiiei>hclu macidosus
Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Fish and crabs.
Fish, crustaceans, annelids.
-f-
Fragments
cea and
llaiiilcl
((Uivier
ciennes).
ct crop
II
(Blocli).
fnrrifrr
Pariint/iius
(Cuvier
rmi iipiiii
Kock
lish ....
Barl)er fish
Valen-
a"n<l
of Crustajaws of
squid.
Fish; and fragments
of mollusk shells,
probably from intes
tines of fish.
Gloliigcrina, spic\ileof spdiiKe, sctie of
annelids and shells
of a small pleropod.
ciennes).
Priacanthus arenatns
(Cuvier and Valen-
cicnnes).
Nromicni.8
i/
s r
ii
.-i
crustaceans and
Gray simpiicr.
Fisli.
School master,
Fisli
Silk suajipcr.
Fish, mussel,
annelids.
(Ijinnjvus).
Neoni:i')iiiiai>o(iiis(\\'ii\-
and
crabs.
baum).
Ncomai'iiis sfyvaii
'
and
bi-
valve and univalve
(LinnaHis).
shells.
Neomxn in a s t i n g
Bean.
Neomtrn in, sp
li
Oriinriix
/(,
ii .s
,s
uru
Black -fin ncd
Crustaceans and small

lamellibranchs.
Crustaceans.
snapper.
W
n
e - w a
snapiier.
I)
Yelting
few.
F'ish
(Hloch).
/Ill
III II
macrostoGiinther.
Ion
iiiaiii
Hivmultm Cdrhnnariii in
and
Streaked (JrunI
Annelids
Black Grunt
Fragments of small
lish and algse.
ophi-
uruns.
Poey,
Fre(iuent or
many.
-)-
Nimierous.
PARASTTES OF BERMUDA FISHES LINTON.

JJxl
for pin-dsili.s
iif fixli e.raiiiiiu'd
iritli
,s.i
iiiiiki r;/
of residln
87
'out iniicd.
Food notes.
YiMlow Orniit
Ha'mulon
(
flaroUnrdliiin
Desniart'st )
Bailiijittoma
While
.^ln<ili(iii
Crustaceans, annelids,
algie,
green
a nd
broken shells.
Fragments of orabs.
(liuiit
(Li'iiiiii'U.M).
('a (a
III
ti
(Cuvier
In
('(I
in
ii .<
I'liruy
Cnihs and mussels.
Urciiiii
Fish,
N'alcii-
iiiui
iMi'iiiies),
surgiis (Lin
Dililiuliiii
crustaceans,
broken mussel shells,
and spines of
un'hins, stems of
hydroids, green alg!c, small univalve
molluslisand sand.
Vegetable' debris.
tests
HyU,
Ki/plinsiis s r c t n I r i .r
liilllKVUHl.
EiiiiDiiiarciitniK j'n.ti-iix
(('iivier iiiiii ViiU'ii-
('liiil>
'(
1! Ill
c r us tac eans,
l)ryozoa,
foramini-
Small
-((icl<eVl'
II
I'ilol.
fera, alga', sand.

dijbris.
cit'iiiieH).
Abii'lrfiiiif n a
Liiiiia'iis).
(
.c
il
Cow
Hog
l.iir/iiiiiliiiiiniti iiiiixiiiiun
(Wiilliimiii
llitrpi
riij'ii
Vegetable
I'i'.ot
Mussel
fisli
shells,
sea-
weed and sand.
I.
Spiinlsh Ildglish.
l.iiniii'Us).
Iriilio railidtiis
Liim
Hluclisli
t-
Uills).
numljcrs
Large
crushed shells
of
of
gastropods and
bi-
Sliiipcr)- l>icl.
valves, and tests and

of
sea-urchins.
Shells and by.ssus of
I'lnrnl-lisli.
Stomach
spines
Iridiohivillitliiy
{Wocb)
Scarug
(Blocli
mussell, annelid,
spine of sea-nrcliin.
vc-tula
and Schuoider).
tine
and
intes-
with
filled
crabs,
univalve
shells, sea-urchin
si)ines, seaweed, and
sand.
t Dclo n
Hloch.
Chivtodaii. xp
occllaliis
C'li.r
Ans/fJichlliys
Kour-cvi'
Algie.
Fragments of
.Mimeutury
IJiitler-fi^li.
j
ciliar
AmkcI
lisli
(Linnsens).
lish.
canal
a red
a few anbryozoa, a
witli
filled
sponge;
nelids;
small mollusk shell
Tent
in
II
Blue
rcKiulcuK
and seaweed.
Broken shells, mainly
TiniK'.
tubes and
gastropods,
sponge,
foraminifera. sea-
and Schnei-
Bloc'h
der).
(
Serpula,
s
ma
liryozoa,
weed and
Teiithis
ivns.
Doctor
hepatus l>inn-
fish
.A
sc
idits),
Hal isles
Turbot
carolinnisis
Few.
....
(imelin.
157
an
algic
.'ând.
lintiyllo-
and sand.
Alimentary canals
crow d e d with
l)roken
mussel
shells; seta; of large
annelid.
Balisles velula Liiin-
Fragments of adductor muscle of a bi-
IJastunl Tiirbot...
.'fUS.
valvt! mollusk.
l.dcloph
ri/s
trii/diiiis
Cuckold.
triromis
Ciiwfish
Linna'iis.
Lactophiys
Linnanis.
Amphipods,
mus.sels,
bryozoa,
seaweed,
.sand.
(!dhiii>:!t(iii(irdfi>rCn\'ieT
ami
X'aleiiciennes.
Sdldriirlilhi/s
lexlUis
(iol).v
;
Molly Miller.
Foraminifera,
Quoy and Gaimard.
table dObris.
+ -H Numerous.
88
Order
vol.
xxxm.
ACANTHOCEPH ALA.
were found in 11 of tiie 51 species of

examined. They belonged to a single species and were immature
and encysted on tlie viscera in all cases, except the rock fish, where
they were also found mature in the alimentary canal. These worms
have been referred to the new species EcJiinorliynclius medius.
Repre.sentativt's of this order
fish
ECHINORHYNCHUS MEDIUS,
Plate IV,
Type. Cd.i. No.

Body elongated,
sheath,
whence
5796, U. S. N.
figs.
new
species.
21-30.
M.
nearly linear, diameter greatest just behind l)ase of
it
tapers gently to the neck; anterior end of body
same direction as the proboscis, which is inclined

more or less, to the axis of the body; anterior end
armed wnth sagittate spines, which, on the concave side,
slightly deflected in
at an angle of 45"^,
of
body
also
extend back a distance approximatel}^ one-third the length of the

sheath, and about halt as far on the convex side.
The neck is smooth
and conical, its length being somewhat less than its diameter at base.
The proboscis
varies from nearly linear to fusiform, with about 22

rows of hooks, and about 20 hooks in one vertical row; hooks
strongly recurved, stoutish, of nearly uniform size and shape, except
at the base, where for about five rows the hooks are smaller than
they are on the remainder of the proboscis. The hooks are deeply
immersed in the cuticle and have strong but somewhat narrow basal
vertical
supports; those near the base are about 0.045 nun. in length, others
0.06 mm., spines on l)ody from 0.03 to 0.045 nnn. in length.
Sheath
rather slender-fusiform, usually
more than twice
the length of the
Lemnisci long and slender.

In the male the testes are two, small, oblong-elliptical, situated about
the anterior third of the length and separated from each other by a
proboscis.
more times the length of one. Remainder of

male genitalia simple, consisting of the vas deferens and a long-oval
cement gland neai- the posterior end; bursa laige, oblong, its length
not much exceeding its diameter in mounted specimens which are
somewhat compressed.
The posterior end of the female is rather alruptl3' narrowed to a
blunt point which is deflected, in some cases almost at right angles to
distance equal to five or
the axis of the body.
Dimensions,
millimeters, of a nmie
mounted
Length,
middle of
body 1; bursa, length 1.5, diameter 1.2; neck, length 0.45, diameter
at anterior end 0.37, at base 0.57; proboscis, length 1.4, diameter near
base 0.45, near tip 0.30; sheath, length 3, anterior diameter 0.3, middle 0.67, posterior 0.3; distance from base of neck to first testis 12;
in
42; diameter, anterior 0.75, at posterior
in l)alsam:
end of sheath
1.35,
PARASITES OF BERMUDA FISITES-LIXTOX.
NO. 1560.
89
extend about 5.4 back

1, diameter 0.5.
Lenoth of female, mounted in balsam, 54; ovarian masses, length
0.3, diameter 0.12; embryos 0.075 by 0.024.
This species is near J^. jnv'sti.'^, in external appeai'ance. )>iit differs in
The genitalia of the male are also
the greater length of the lemnisci.
much simpler; furthermore the species which I have found in a numjirisfis^
ber of the Beaufort iishes and have recorded under the name
is characterized l)y having a circle of hooks at the base of the proboscis
distance from
first to
second
testis 6; lemnisci
of posterior end of sheath, diameter 0.15; testis, kMigth
which are longer than the other hooks.

Adult stage. The adult worms were found
in
but one host:
MycterojMrea apiuu intestine.
July 22, numerous. One of the largest specimens, after having

been placed in fresh water, where it became turgid, measured 50 nun.
in length.
Among the preserved specimens a male measured 42 mm.
and a female 54 nun.
hnmature stage. Immature forms, referred to this species, were
found in the following hosts encysted in the viscera:
Bodianus fulvus 2>i(nctatu!<.

July 22, three, on viscera, in thin connective tissue capsules incrusted
with yellow pigment. One was removed from a cyst which was tilled
with dark-brown
waxy
secretion.
Calainus calamus.
Jul}^ 16, ten, encapsvded
on the viscera.
When
these
worms were
from the thin cysts which enveloped them they were collapsed and the proboscides were retracted.
Placed in fresh water
they became plump and the proboscides were evaginated. July 18,
two; August 3 and 7, numerous, on viscera and mesentery. Two of
these immature forms were mounted in l)alsam and proved to be far
enough developed to show the rudiments of various organs. The
testes in this case were situated close together and back of the sheath
liberated
a distance about equal to the length of that organ.
In the female
a small cluster of globular l)odies at the posterior end of the sheath
evidently represents the rudiments of the primitive
The body
way.
is
<^^<^
largest at the base of the sheath, wdience
Proboscis
slightl}^
masses.
it
tapers each
fusiform, one side straight or very slightly
concave, the other convex, usually deflected in the direction of the

coiivex side; about 20 hooks in a vertical row and 22 or 23 vertical
rows, those near the base of the proboscis more slender than the
Neck smooth and conical. Anterior end of body with about

20 rows of spines. These, on account of the manner in which they
penetrate the cuticle, appear sagittate in front view.
Sheath fusiform; longer than proboscis; lemnisci appear to bt; long and slender.
Dimensions of female mounted in balsam, in millimeters: Length, 12;
others.
90
proboscis, leng-th 1.2, diameter, exclusive of hooks, at
vol. xxxiii.
base 0.37,
middle 0.55, apex 0.87, length of longer hooks 0.08; length of neck,
approximate, 0.33; diameter of neck, anterior 0.35, posterior 0.50;
sheath length 2.4, diameter, middle 0.63; diameter of body, at base of
sheath, 0.9, near posterior end 0.45; testes al)out equal, length (.l^4,
breadth 0.16.
Epinephelus m acuhmis.
July 14, two, from cysts on serous coat of rectum, some dark pigment in cysts. August 3. one, on viscera.
Eplnephelus morio.
July 22, one, on viscera. Dark brown degenerate
with cyst, also in the cyst along with the worm.
tis.sue
associated
Ep'niepliduti driatuH.
July 16, one, an inmiature female; July 27, twelve, on pyloric cceca;
3, numerous on viscera and mesenter3^
August
Hxm ulonjiavollneatam
Jul}^ 27, one, encapsuled
on viscera.
Ladi (A a Im us inaximus.
August 3, eleven, encapsuled on
li
viscera.
Mijcteroperca apua.
July 21, two, encapsuled on viscera.
Neommnis
July
gyiseus.
27, two,
encapsuled on viscera.
Neon) mnls hastingsi.

July 27, one, encapsuled on viscera.
Ocyiirus chrysurt/.s.
July
14, six,
from serous coat of
Order
viscera.
NEMATODA.
Nematodes were found in 15 of the 51

Immature nematodes, while found in 8
abundant in an3^ In man}^ cases they
to cysts in the stomach wall.
All but
nematodes belong to the same species.
muscular tissue of but 1 species of tish,
ASCARIS,
Plate
Head
species of fish examined.
tish, were not

were found to have given rise
one of the finds of inunature
Nematodes were found in the
species of
the gar.
species.
I, figs.
l-\b.
no
esophagus long, cylinwith bulbous base, from which springs a slender and usually
short diverticulum; intestine relatively large with thick sacculated
truncate, lips scûarish,
interlips;
drical,
and
and by coarser furrows,
walls, its divêrticulum short; nearly linear, tapering at each end,
crossed by exceedingly tine transverse
stride
PARASITES OF BERMUDA FISHES LINTON.
NO. 1560.
91
The anal papillae are very small

the latter making- a crenulate outline.
and numerous; the exact number was not determined. Seen in lateral
view there appeared to be about 8 postanal and probably as many as
60 preanal papilhe.
The above description was based on a specimen mounted in balsam.

The teeth and papilhe on the lips were nt)t very distinct. The teeth
appeared to be simple tubercular, and there appeared to be two papillte
on each of the lateral lips.
Postanal region slender pointed.
Other details are given under the
This ascarid was found in three of tlie Bernuida tishes,
several hosts.
as follows:
Jjodianv-s fulvus punctdt nx.
Dimensions in millimeters of specimen mounted in

7; diameter of head 0.12, at base of eso})lK)gus 0.3,
middle 0.3, at anal aperture 0.10; distance from anal apertui'e to pos
terior end, 0.21; length of jaw O.dlo, breadth 0. ()<); length of esophagus, 1.5, diameter of esophagus, anterior 0.12, middle 0.11, ])ase 0.11;
length of diverticuknn of esophagus 0,33, of intestine 0.1.5.
July 22, one.
balsam: Length,
Epinephelus stria tus.

July 11, live, females, from intestine. These worms were jêllowish, except at the extremities, where they were translucent white.
The jaws were broader than long, with rather wide transparent borders
and distinct branching pulp. Length, 12 to 11 nun.
Mycteroperca apua
July 21, one, male; length in balsam, (S mm. The postanal region
was rather more slender than in others and the esophageal diverticulum was longer, but still shoi'ter than the esophagus.
.
IMMATURE NEMATODES.
Plate
1,
Htr.
'1.
These all appear to belong to the same species and are proljably
3ôung stages of the foregoing, Axcarix^ species, from Bodi.anus^ etc.
They are characterized by having a very short diverticulum of the
intestine and a longer and more slender diverticulum of the esophagus.
These inmiature forms were found
in the following hosts:
Bodian us ftdrus piincfdtns.

July 22, few, very small. Numerous small cysts containing amberwaxy secretion were found on the viscera of the fish taken on
l)oth the 22d and 23d.
These were 0.7 mm. and less, in diameter.
A minute nematode was obtained from one of these cysts.
colored
Eplnep/u'I IIS iiiacidosus.
July <S and 11, one on each date. Dimensions, in millimeters, life:
Length, 5; length of esophagus 0.75, of bulb at base 0.04, of diverti-
culum
0.45; intestinal divei-ticulum ver}^ short, about equal to the
PBOCEEDIXaS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
92
vol. xxxiii.
esophageal bulb; distance from anal aperture to posterior end 0,0'i.

Cysts, usually luuuerous, were found in this host on July 8, 14, 22, 2!),
and Augusts. They were found in the nuiscular coats of the stomach,
mm. in diameter. In
and were of various sizes, from CO mm. to
all cases they contained wax}^ degenerate tissue which was dark brown
One small cyst, less than 1 mm. in diameter was
or amber colored.
found to contain a minute nematode.
t!
EpineplieluM
,sfr!aiu.s.
Cysts like those found in
J^J. viacidomis were found in this host on

July 11, 15, 16, 18, and August 3. In some cases the^^ were most abundant in the submucous coat of the stomach; in others they were most
numerous in the muscular coats. In the latter case the}^ were as a rule
in greatest numbers in the pyloric region, where the dark brown,
sometimes almost black, cysts were in sharp contrast with the white
tissue in which they were embedded.
They are most alnmdant in the
large groupers, and evidentl}' represent entozoa which have had a
long residence in their host and have either succumbed or migrated.
Myderoperca
ojnui.
July 21, two. Large numbers of cysts were also found on the mesentery and serous coat of the viscera generally. They contained darkbrown waxy degenerate tissue, and varied in size from 2 mm. or less
They were irregular in shape, often nodular,
to 20 mm. or more.
sometimes flattened. No entozoa were foiuid in them. The smaller
ones are probably due to nematodes, the larger to cestodes.
Ilxinalon carlnmarlurn
July 31, one, small.

Iridio vadiatM^.
July 29, numerous, also on July 31, many. These nematodes were
found in washings from the alimentary canal. It was observed
that there were many small cysts in the intestinal wall, with the usual
waxy contents. Some of these cysts were crushed under a cover
glass and in one of them, a minute nematode, agreeing with the free
specimens, was found.
first
Neonice.n h ajxxhis.
in
July 17, two. These worms were active after lying

water to wliich a little fornuilin had been added.
NeortixnlK
a])()ut
ten hours
(/riseif,s.
Jul}^ 17, one,
very small.
3.6; diameter, anterior,
(.
Dimensions
in millimeters, life:
Length,
01, middle. 0.07, at anal apertui-e 0.05; length
of esophagus 0.3, of diverticulum of esophagus 0.3, of diverticulum of

intestine (.03.
Param tit oix fiireifer.

July 29, niuuerous, from
intestine.
PARASITES OF BERMIDA FISHES LINTON.
NO. 1500.
93
Upeneiia rnacidatns.
Jul}^ 11, one.
This specimen was exceptional in that the diverticulum of the esophaous was longer than the esophagus.
The
diverticulum of the intestine was just as long as the basal bulb of the
esophagus.
IMMATURE NEMATODE.
Plate. I, fig.
;!.
fragment of a small nematode from tlio intestine of Ilarpe rufa

from the foregoing. The fragment is from the posterior
end.
The post-anal region tapers gradually and is slightly arcuate.
Dimensions, in millimeters, alcoholic: Length, 5.25; diameter 0.05,
at anal aperture 0.(3: distance from anal aperture to posterior
end 0.06.
is
different
HETERAKIS FOVEOLATA
Plate
I,
tigs.
5-7; Plate 11,
Rudolphi.
tigs.
8-10.
small nematode found sparingly in several
referred, with
some
hesitation, to this species.
It
Bernuida
fishes is
agrees ver^^
close!}"
with specimens found at Beaufort. North Carolina, and referred to

this species."
In the use of the generic name Ileterllis in the Beaufort report I

followed Schneider and Stossich. As a matter of fact these nematodes,
while agreeing closely with Schneider's description of If. foreoJata^
are
much
nearer the type species of
tlie
Dujardin
is
included by Schneider
geims Dacnltix than they
The
are to the type species of IleUirikia.
species Dacn'ith exariens
among
the
synonyms
of
H.
forcolata.
It would l)e out of place in this paper to enter into a discussion of
nomenclature, and luitil a more detailed study can be made I shall
retain the name used in my Beaufort paper.
Head obtuseh" rounded
in front; mouth bilabiate; lips dorsal and

two small papilhv, and armed with numerous
minute, simple teeth, of uniform size and shape, which make a crownlike border to the mouth.
Neck narrowing behind the head, but
enlarging again gradually, the body remaining nearly linear from the
base of the esophagus to near the posterior end, where it tapers to an
acute point.
The anterior part of the body is, in many cases, curved
backward. The esophagus narrows behind the conspicuous pharynx,
ventral, each with about
then enlarges to the base.
The
genital papilhe, so far as
made
out, are as
shown
in fig. 7,
namely, six post-anal papilla?, two pairs of which are near the median line
and near together; the other two are situated one on each side of the
median pairs. Lateral to the anal aperture and near to it on each side
Bulletin,
Bureau
of Fisheries,
XXIV,
p. 330, etc.
94
vol.
xxxm.
are three small papillte near together, and lateral to each of these groups
Three pairs of pre-anal papilla^ were made out,

observed cases, between the two anterior pairs.
The eight papilhe near the anal aperture were less distinct than either
the pre- or post-anal papillae, and were not always clearly made out.
Between the anal aperture and the bursa there are strong diagonal
muscles running from the lateral region medio-caudad. Spicules
about equal.
The tirst sections of a series of transverse sections show the bilabiate
mouth with an elongate aperture (tig. 8). The chitinous walls of the
pharj'nx soon give evidence of a trifid division (tig, 5>). The lumen of
the esophagus biH'omes tri radiate (tig. 10), each of the three divisions
having two semicircular thickenings of the chitinous lining, which indiis
a single papilla.
the bursa ))eing, on
all
cate the presence of six longitudinal chitinous ridges in the lining of
the esophagus extending from the pharynx to the base.

sections
a series
series of
made from one of the Beaufort specimens was compared with

made from a specimen from MycteToperca apua^ and was found
to agree.
I
have found a nematode at the Tortugas which agrees with this
species very closely.

NOTES ON HABITATS.
DipJodus sargus.
July 13, one, female.
Dimensions
Length
8;
diameter, anterior 0.12, middle 0.3, at anal aperture 0.12; length of
esophagus 0.8; distance from anal aperture to posterior end 0.27;

distance of reproductive aperture from posterior end 3.
Julj^ 14, one, male.
Dimensions in millimeters, life: Length 4,
length of esophagus 0.6; diameter, anterior 0.10, middle 0.16, at
anal aperture 0.09; distance of anal aperture from posterior end 0.15;
length of spicules 0.42.
July
24, two,
male and female; length
in balsam, 3
and 8 mm.
Holocev trus. ascenscionis.

July 31, one, male. This specimen may belong to a different species.
It was not in good condition, but appeared to agree with those
from Dlplodus^ etc. Transverse sections show the lumen of the esoph-
agus as a narrow slit with nearly parallel sides until near the base,
where it has a tendency to become triradiate.
Lycodontls unoringa.
August 3, one, male; length 5.27 nun.
Mycteroperca apua.
July 2, four; July 22, one.
Neoniaenis griseus.
July 14, four; Jul}^ 27, two; August
3,
one.
PAJLLSITES OF
NO. 1560.
BERMUDA FISHES LINTON.
HETERAKIS,
Plate
II, Hgs. 11 to 14;
95
species.
Plate III,
tigs.
15 to 20.
This agrees very closely with a form from the liounder."

The body is rather plump, truncate anteriorly, tapering- posteriorl3^
Mouth bilabiate, but in some cases appearing to be obscurel}' trilobed
Lips armed with very numerous small
in dorsal or ventral view.
teeth of nearly uniform size and shape, and each provided with about
Diameter of neck but little less than that of the bod}^

three papilhe.
but narrowing ^slightly very near the anterior end. The esophagus is
much narrower than the neck. It is largest at the anterior end, where
Its smallest diameter is a little in front
it expands into the phaiynx.
of its middle point, whence it enlarges posteriorly, the posterior third
being nearl}' cylindrical. The reproductive aperture of the female is
a little back of the middle. The uterus is voluminous, the eggs being
retained in it until segmentation has begun.
Behind the anal aperture
of the female there are two papilla?.
The postanal region is somewhat variable in length and is mucronate at the tip.
Transverse sections show that the cuticle is unusually thick, especiall}' toward the anterior end.
The character of the esophagus, as
revealed in sections, is much like that of the preceding species.
These worms have been found thus far widely distributed, but only
in very small numbers.
In Fundulus heteroclitu>< at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, males of this
or a closely allied species were found.* The genital papilla in these
males are arranged as follows: In the postanal region, lateral view,
there are three larger papilhv with three smaller papilhe lateral to
them, the most anterior of the larger papilhe being very close to the
anal aperture and lateral to it.
In the preanal region, lateral view,
there are two large papilhe near together a
little
anterior to the anal
aperture and lateral, two others between these and. the bursa, and two
in front of the bursa, thus making in all twelve postanal and twelve
preanal papillae.
NOTES ON HABITATS.
Haemulori carhonarlum.
July
31, one.
Dimensions
in millimeters, life, slightly
Length !; diameter, anterior 0.16, middle 0.40,

(2.25 from posterior end) 0.36, at anal aperture
compressed:
at genital aperture
0.09; distance
from
anal aperture to posterior end 0.15; esophagus, length 0.53, diameter,
anterior (pharynx)
Bull. U.
of Fisheries,
S.
t>.12,
middle 0.05, base 0.08.
Fish Com. for 1899,
XXIV,
&Bull. U. S. Fish
p. 481, pi. vii, figs. 57-61.
pp. 325, 390, 392, 412, 414,
Com.
See also Bull. Bureau
figs. 24, 25.
for 1899, p. 441, pi. xvii, figs. 207, 208.
riiOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
96
vol. xxxiii.
Neoinxnis griseus.
July 27, one. Dimension in millimeters, life: Length 6; diameter,
anterior 0.45, at base of esophagus O.IH), middle 1, 1 millimeter from
posterior end 0.90, at anal aperture 0.22; esophagus, length 1.20,
diameter at anterior end 0.22, narrowing to 0.08 and expanding again
to 0.18 at base.
ICHTHYONEMA GLOBICEPS
Rudolphi.
The flesh of two specimens of Tylot^tiru.s acKd, which were examined

on July 16, was found to be tilled with parasitic worms.
These worms were very numerous in both gars, and were most
abundant near the backbone, where they were distributed along the
The color of the worms was blood-red,
them were in tangled clusters, the appearance
which the}^ presented when the flesh was cut open was much like that
With some difficulty some
of small blood vessels gorged with blood.
of the worms were extracted whole and found, after killing and
All that were examined
straightening, to be about 80 mm. in length.
were females.
While the general color was blood-red, the intestine showed as a
dark-brown stripe. In most cases the uterus was crowded with young,
which were in a state of unceasing activity. The young worms were
characterized by having a few black, granular spots in the middle of
the bod3^
In some of the adults ova, with what were taken to be spermatozoa, were seen mingled together in the uterus.
Dimensions of specimen mounted in balsam: Length 55; diameter
of head 0.19; diameter of body nearly uniform, diflerences due mainly
to contraction and pressure from 0.15 to 0.70.
greater part of the length.
and, since
many
of
ICHTHYONEMA,
Plate
I, tigs.
species.
and
4o,.
The following notes are made on finds of worms belonging to this

genus, but on account of the f ragmental nature of the material, satisfactory identifications could not be made:
Ephnejplielxis inaGuloHim.
July
22,
fragments from
testes;
young and ova together
in uterus.
Epinephelus striatus.
July 18, one from ovary of large, spent female.
Lycodotitis morhiga.
August
3,
one, small, 10
0.09; middle,
end
0.07.
mm., or
less, in
length; diameter, anterior
and for ahnost the entire length 0.15; near posterior
NO. 1560.
97
Mycteroperca apua.
July 22, several frag-ments from testes; intestine (lark-])rown with
elono-jited cells in its wails; ova, but no young, in the uterus; longest
fragment 75 mm.
in length.
JVeonixnls, Kj^ccies.
July 27, fragments from ovary;

in uterus still active on the 28th.
Order
inte.stinc
narrow, very dark; young
CESTODA.
Cestodes were found in IS of the 5L species of hsh examined.

There seemed to he a notable scarcity of encysted forms and especially of the small larvtB known as Scolex p)ol yiiiorpJnts^ which are very
conunon in the alimentary canals of our coast fishes. This may be
explained perhaps by the fact that most of the fish which were examined came from the inner reef.
All the larger fish from the deeper
water on the outer reef, where sharks abound, had numerous cysts on
and in the viscera. Cestode flesh parasites were found only in the gar.
DISCOCEPHALUM PILEATUM
Plate V,
%.
Linton.
31.
Discocephalum jîleatum Linton, Report U. S. Fish Com. for 1887, pp. 781-787,
pi. X, figs. 1-7; Bull. U. S. Fish. Com. for 1899, p. 272.
On July 31 seven of these cestodes were found with their heads

eml)edded in the mucous membrane at the anterior end of the spiral
valve of a small cub shark {Carcharhlnus platyodon).
These worms
varied in length from 10 to 340 mm.
Five of the largest were
attached within a space about 10 mm. square.
Oidy two of the strobiles were immature.
In the longer of the immature strobiles, which
measured 100 mm. in length, reproductive organs were developing in
the posterior segments.
In addition to the attached strobiles there
were several fragments of mature strobiles in the ch3de.
The disk-like heads, shaped like a mushroom anchor, were firmly
embedded in tiie submucosa with the mucous membrane closely embracing the necks. They can not be removed by simply pulling them
away from their lodgment. This would merely break them and leave
the heads securely embedded in the intestinal wall.
Indeed, from the
appearance of the pits after the worms have been removed, it seems
doubtful whether they can detach themselves after they have once
gained lodgment. It is probable, however, that they can do so, since
the disk is a very muscular organ and doubtless is capable of assuming
very diverse shapes; besides there is no evidence of degeneration
either in the head or the surrounding tissue, which would be the case
if the heads were permanently attached.
Proc. N.
M.
vol. xxxiii
07 -7
98
RHYNCHOBOTHRIUM SPECIOSUM
Plate V,
Rynchoborhun.
upeciosaiii
figs. 13, 14;
pi.
Lxv,
figs.
vol. xxxiii.
Linton.
32-35.
Linton, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, p. 801-805, \A. lxiv,

figs. 1-7; Bull. U. S. Fish Com. for 1898, p. 784; same
for 1899, p. 413, etc.; Bull.
Bureau
of Fisheries,
XXIV,
p. 332, etc.
This species was found in live of the Bermuda fishes. It

probable that the adult stage will l)e found iu the cub shark.
is
highly
NOTES ON HABITATS.
EpinepJielns
July
8,
mac idat us.
one,
from cj^t on
the presence of a
waxy
viscera; cyst thin. 3'ellowish, on account of
secretion, length 20
mm.;
blastocyst translu-
cent bluish-white, about same length as cyst; larva with triangular
head, and neck enlarging posteriorlv and slightly swollen at the bulbs.
specimen mounted
in
balsam and
slightl}^
following measurements in millimeters:
compressed yielded the
Length of
bothria 0.75,
breadth 0.62; length of head and neck 4.5; diameter of neck, anterior
0.1^6, middle 0.67, at bulbs 0.80; proboscis, length 2.2, diameter near
base, excluding hooks 0.054, including hooks 0.078.
Eplnephehifi striatus.
on viscera with yellowish- brown

and 20 mm., respectiveh^
July 27, live, cysts on viscera and mesenter}', mostly clavate. Length
August 8, two cysts.
of one cvst 25 mm., of the larva 15 mm.
July
11, several long-ciavate cysts
secretion.
Two
larvte measiu'ed 12
3fycf<roperc(( a pun.
July 21 and 22, several clavate cysts from 20 to 25 nmi.

on viscera Avith dark-brown secretions.
Neomsen is griseits.
July 27, six cj^sts on
in
length
viscera.
Neomae.nis synagrin.
July
18,
one clavate cyst, length
2<
nun., diameter 5
RHYNCHOBOTHRIUM SPIRACORNUTUM,
Plate \,
figs.
new
mm.
species.
36-38.
Type.-C^t. No. 5797, U.S.N.M.

Head usually broader than long, orbicular or cordate both ria lateral
;
coinciding with the lateral margins of
body, with raised

borders neck long, slender, nearly linear, enlarging at base, sometimes appearing to ))egin al)ruptly by an articulation with the head
and usually abruptly larger than the anterior end of the body; proboscides much shorter than neck, with a tendenc}" to coil up into
rather close spirals when everted; sheaths nearly straight, bulbs longovate, retractor muscle attached to posterior end.
The hooks are of
that
is,
tlie
many
and
different shapes
99
hut on account of the siniihirity of
sizes,
the hooks, which
make up
effect is that of
uniformity and symmetry.
the several lon<^Mtu(linal rows, the general
There
blance in the ai'rangement of the liooks to that of
is
some resem-
Ii. .s/feclcsioH,
par-
one of the longitudinal rows, where the small

hooks of which it is composed are placed ])y twos on account of the
lengthening of alternate intervals l)etwcen the hooks of the row. A
ticuhirh' in the case of
characteristic feature of this species
the distinctness of the longi-
is
There was no indication of segments.
tudinal rows of hooks.
Dimen-
sions given below.

NOTES ON HABITATS.
Epin('phelus inacnloHUs.
July 29, one clavato cj^st from viscera, length 28 mm. Bothria
with raised borders and I'oticulated surface; neck linear but may
Dimensions of larva in
present irreguhirities due to contraction.
millimeters, life: Length 20; bothria, length 0.75, breadth (.60;
diameter of neck, anterior O.-io, at ]>ase O.GO; ])ul1)s, length 1.20,
breadth 0.21. The following additional measurements are from the
mounted specimen: Length 20; head, length 0.00, breadth (bothria
spread apart) 0.90; length of head and neck 5.7; prolôscis, length,
approximate, 1.05, diann^ter neai" base, excluding hooks 0.036, including hooks O.OG. The hooks were denser and longer than in R. speciosiuii^ and the proboscides coiled into close spirals when everted.
Epinephelus striatus.
July 18, four cysts from viscera. One larva measured HO mm. in
length.
In a mounted specimen, the bothria being seen in marginal
The neck
view, the length of the head is 0.60, the breadth 0.82 mm.
is linear except in front of the bulbs, where it is swollen, a condition
evidently due to unequal contraction.
Parmithias fureifer,
July 29, four dark-brown cysts of various shapes.
from the others
One
of the
head was
somewhat triangular or cordate instead of orbicular in corresponding
larvae differed
in that the outline of the
view.
OTOBOTHRIUM CRENACOLLE
Otobothrium creuacolle Linton, Report U.
pi. xiii, Hgs.
428; Bull.
pis.
and
9-15;
Bureau
pi.
XIV,
figs.
of Fisheries,
Linton.
Fish Coin, for 1887, pp. 850-853,

1-4; Bull. U. S. Fish Com. for 1899, pp. 273,
S.
XXIV,
p.
331,
etc.;
XXVI,
pp.
111-132,
11.
This widely distributed cestode was found in three of the Bermuda

fishes.
Balififes carol inevs Is.

July 14 and 22, few on each date from cysts in walls of stomach and
intestine.
The cysts were small, oval, white; when compressed they
revealed the larva in
its
blastocyst.
PROCEEDINdS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
100
Dimensions
length of
in millimeters,
embiyo
life:
vol.
xxxin.
Cyst, length 2.3, breadth 1.12;
0.1.
Diplodus sargus.
fFuly 14,
two cysts inclosed
in a inass of
hrown
secretion on the
serous coat of the viscera.

Ocf/irrus ch/y.si/ru.s.
July 22, few, small, from
on mescntpry.
cy.sts
OTOBOTHRIUM PENETRANS,
Plate VI,
Olobothrlnm, species,
Bull.
Bureau
tigs.
new
species.
39-48.
of Fisheries for 1904,
XXIV,
p.
.S57, ligs.
102-109.
Type.Cat No. 5798, U. S. N. M.

Bothria marginal, widel}^ divergent, with pits characteristic of the
genus; neck somewhat elongated, at least longer than the head, stout,
widely flaring and emarginate at posterior end; contractile l)albs
curved, concave on lateral, convex on medial sides, approximate at
their anterior ends but strongly divergent at the posterior ends; proboscides stout and of moderate length; hooks of man}^ ditferent sizes
and shapes, the larger ones strongly recurved with rather narrow,
unsymmetrical base. A few of the slender hooks near the base of the
proboscides are somewhat spirally crooked.
Dimensions in millimeters of alcoholic specimen: Length of scolex
Another, in balsam: Head
to base of bulbs 4; breadth of head 1.7.5.
compressed, length 1.12, breadth 1.95; approximate length of proboscides 1.8, diameter, including hooks 0.24, excluding hooks 0.15, length
In another, length of contractile bulbs 1.35,
of longest hooks 0.09.
breadth 0.55; approximate length of proboscis 2.25.
Blastocyst (plerocercus): Elongated, white, very irregular in shape;
one,
somewhat contracted, measured 25 mm.
in length.
NOTES ON HABITAT.
TylfmiiTvs acus.
Blastocysts very numerous in the flesh of each of two gars, July 16.
These were generally distrilRited in the muscles of the back and sides,
but were most abundant along the dorsal region; a few were found in
the peritoneum. They were all relatively large, white, and very active,
even after they had been in sea water for several hours.
TETRARHYNCHUS BISULCATUS
Rhynchobothrium
bimlcatuiit
Linton, Report U.
S.
Linton.
Fish Com. for 1886, pp. 479-486,
pi. lY, figs. 9-23.
Tetrarhynchns hisulcatus Linton, Report U. S. Fish Com. for 1887, pp. 857-861,
pi. XIV, figs. 10-12; pi. XV, fig: 1; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XIX, pi. lxvi, figs.
11-15;
Bull.
XX,
Bureau
pp. 452; Bull. U. S. Fish

of Fisheries,
XXIV,
Com.
p. 383, etc.
for 1899, pp. 272
and
414, etc.;
PARASITES OF BERMUDA FISHES LINTOX.
NO. 1560.
Found
in
two of the Bermuda
101
fishes.
Ballstes vetula.
July 27, one, from C3^st in intestinal wall. The intestine of the fish
was thickly beset throughout its length with chalky c^'sts. A number
of these cysts were removed and left over night in sea water.
A^'hen
they were examined the following morning nothing was found in them
but a pulpy, granular mass. The larval tetrarhj^nch was found free
in the dish with the cysts.
The scolex was still active, the bothria
constanth' changing their shape, and the proboscides at frequent
intervals were protruded and withdrawn.
This action was somewhat
rythmical.
The hooks wêre characteristic of the species; the collar
was elongated and conical. Dimensions, in millimeters, life: Length
1.8, of bothria 0.75, of collar 1.0.5;
breadth of head,
maximum
0.60,
of neck, behind bothria 0.52, at posterior end 0.22; diameter of proboscis 0.01.
Paran thias furcifer.

Jul}^ 29, one, from
a small degenerate cyst on viscera.
SCOLEX POLYMORPHUS
Rudolphi.
Scolex polymorphns Rudolphi, Larval Tetrabothria, Rep. U. S. Fish

1886, pp. 3-4, pi. VI,
XIX,
for
pp. 789-792,
1899, pp.
figs. 8, 9;
pi.
i,
270-284;
figs.
p.
Com.
for
Larval Echeneibothria, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

4-15; Larval Gsto(les, Bull. U. S. Fish Com.
413,
etc.;
Bull.
Bureau of
Fisheries,
XXIV,
pp. 332, 333, etc.
Found
in three of the
Bermuda
fishes:
Ahudefdvf mMitilis.
July 31, few, in alimentary canal. They were small, the bothria
without costaj. There were two red pigment spots in the neck and
numerous calcareous bodies in the parenchyma. Length 0.00, breadth
0.27
mm.
Ep inephelus
niaeulosus.
July 8, two, in intestine, small; prominent terminal sucker; bothria

without costa? and no pigment in neck. Length 0.9, breadth 0.2 mm.
Ephicphelus str!at uh.
July 11, about 60 found after going* over washings from the
alimentary canal of three large groupers several times. These were
small, with two red pigment patches just behind the head, and no
In contracting there was a tendency to lengthen
costge on the bothria.
the posterior end of the bod}' into a slender, pointed tail, the head,
Most of them, when
at the same time becoming nearly globular.
A contracted specimen was
contracted, are transversely wrinkled.
0.6 mm. in length and 0.1 mm. in breadth.
August 3, two cysts on
viscera.
102
vol. xxxin.
LARVAL DIBOTHRIA.
Cestode
larvae,
were found
which appear to belong
in three of the
Bermuda
to the
genus Dibothrium,
fishes.
JBodianus fulvus punctatus.

Jul}'^ 23, fragment.
This specimen was finely and transversely
wrinkled and the parenchyma contained numerous calcareous bodies.
It resembles the posterior end of an immature Dibothrium.
Eiqjoin acen trus /use us.
July 11, one. This specimen was exceedingly variable in shape,
and there were no definite organs. The anterior end was densely
covered Avith short spines, and there was an aperture in front into
which the anterior end of the bod}^ could be inverted. As the worm
became quiescent under the cover glass the anterior end was permanently retracted and the worm assumed a vase shape.
Paranthias furelfer.
July 29, numerous cylindrical cysts, most of them dark brown, and
some
of
length
One
them degenerate.
mm. in
and 1.5 mm. in
length and 2
of the larger cysts measured 22
diameter.
mm.
The larva measured 14 mm.
in
in
It was corrugated transversely,

end and had a small pore at the pos-
diameter.
slightly inverted at the anterior
There were numerous calcareous bodies in the parenchyma. The smaller cj'sts were from 3 to 5 nmi. in length.
In one of the larger specimens numerous glandular bodies were
Similar structures have already been noted by me." These
seen.
structures have been made the subject of special inquiry by Pintner.*
terior end.
The generic character
of these
larviê is
uncertain.
CESTODE LARViE, CYSTS, ETC.

Larvae too innuatuie for identification and
indeterminable contents are here noted:
Hathystoni a strlatuvi
July
17,
C3^sts
with indefinite or
one blastocyst from viscera; too immature for identification.
H3e,mulo7i fldvolineatwin
one cyst with
eFul}^ 27,
Neom sen is
blastoc^^st,
but no larva recognizable.
synagris.
July 18. Aml)er-colored cj^sts of uncertain origin, with waxy conwere found in the stomach wall of the largest fish of the three
examined. These cysts ma}^ be due to nematodes.
Ocy lines chrysurus.
eluly 7, one small blastoc3'st, white, variable, but for the most part
Length 1.5 mm., breadth 0.15, tapering to
P3a'iform; no larva in it.
tents,
0.05
mm.
Proc. U.
S.
for 1899, p. 300,

6 Sitz. d. k.
Nat. Mus.,
fig.
Akad.
XIX,
p. 797, pi. lxiii, figs. 14, 15; Bull.
U.
100.
d.
Wissensch. in Wien, CXII, Abt.
i,
July, 1903.
S.
Fish Com.
NO. 1560.
Order
103
TREMATODA.
Trematodes were found in 29 of the 51 species of tish examined.

In many cases only one, and often but veiy few, of a kind were found.
In other cases the material was in poor condition, so that identitication
was not
possible.
have employed the old generic name Dtstomum^ but in those cases
where the form couUl ])e identified hy the use of Pratt's Synopsis I
have added the new generic name. Since manj' of the forms which can
not be referred to any genus in Pratt's Synopsis were represented by a
single example, or at best by few, and they in poor conditicni, it has
seemed l>est not to burden the nomenclature of helminthology with
any new generic names at present.
I
ENCOTYLLABE,
Plate VII,
A single
specimen from the
tig8.
species.
49-53.
gills of Cahiiinix eahainoi, 'lûly 1<). is
referred to this genus.
Body elliptical, flattened; posterior sucking disk joined to the l>ody

by a stalk, provided with two hooks but without radial ridges; two
anterior suckers, which were circular in the living but elliptical in the
preserved specimen. The anterior end is provided with numerous
small lobes, wiiich probably represent two lobate antero-lateral prolongations of the body with lobulate borders. The genital aperture
is
on the
left side of
left sucker.
the median line a short distance ])ehind the
The specimen was
rolled
up when
first
seen and was too
fragile to allow of satisfactory manipulation.
Length 8; length of body 2.25;

diameter of stalk 0.1; posterior
sucking disk, length 0.45, breadth 0.42: transverse diameter of anterior sucker 0.13; length of hooks 0.8.
Dimensions,
in millimeters, l)alsam:
breadth, anterior 0.6,
maximum
1;
MICROCOTYLE,
Plate VII,
tig.
species.
54.
Body lanceolate, tapering both anteriorly and posteriorly from

about the middle. Vitellaria conspicuous along each margin, and
leaving only a narrow median line, extending the entire length of the
body proper from a point just behind the cirrus.
Dimensions, in millimeters, life: Length of body proper 4. of posterior suctorial part 8.2; breadth, anterior 0.16,
maximum
0.6;
each
anterior sucker, length 0.09, breadth 0.04; about fifty pairs of posterior suckers, each, length O.OT, breadth, 0.03.
of specimen
mounted
in
balsam measured 0.69
An ovum
l)v 0.19.
in
oviduct
PROCEEDINCS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
104
The above notes were made on

0((la/)iu.s
a specimen collected
vou xxxin.
from the
gill
of
calamus, Jul}' 14.
On the' same date another specimen was obtained from the gill of
Diplodus sargus. Only the body was seen, and it was in poor condiDimensions, in millimeters, life: Length 1.5; breadth, anterior
tion.
0.12, maximum 0.25; length of an anterior sucker 0.06, breadth 0.04.
The cluster of copulatory spines resembles that of the specimen from
Calamtis.
ASPIDOGASTER RINGENS
Plate
XV,
iigs.
Linton.
98,99.
Asjyklogaster ringens Linton, Bull. Bureau of Fisheries,
XXIV,
pp. 367, 397,
figs.
243-249.
genus As2ndog aster should be revised

is more in accord with
present tendencies, a new genus will have to be provided for it;
This species was found in but one Bermuda fish, Iridio radiatus,
from which two specimens were obtained on Jul}^ 31.
These specimens agree closely with forms found in Micropogon
undidatiis and Trachynotus carolinus at Beaufort, and referred, with
It is possible that either the
in order to
include this species, or, which
some hesitation, to this genus.

The large Aêntral disk is elliptical, with about forty-two loculi
around the border, lietween which are marginal sense organs. There
are about eighteen transversely elongated depressions, thus suggestis a low median ridge which divides the
depressions into two longitudinal series of alveoli, which, with the
marginal loculi, make four rows of depressions, a characteristic of the
ing Cotylaspis^ but there
genus Aspidogaster. On account of the indistinctness of this median

ridge, however, the genus Asjyldog aster offers but an insecure resting
place for this species.
The upper lip is trilobed and the lower entire,
or slightly undulate. In the Beaufort specimens the under lip is trilobed. The structure of the head suggests Cotylogasterh\xt there is only
one testis. In these specimens both the head and the conical tail protrude a short distance beyond the ventral disk. Color white, except
in the dorsal region, where the mass of ova impart a yellow color.
Dimensions, in millimeters, of specimen mounted in balsam: Length
2; length of disk 1.77, breadth 0.9; diameter of head 0.42, of neck
0.33; pharynx, length 0.18, breadth 0.14; ova 0.06 by 0.03 and 0.08
by
0.04.
DISTOMUM MONTICELLII
Plate VIII,
fig.
Linton.
58.
Distomum montkelUi Linton, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX, p. 518-520, pi. XLiv,
figs. 2-8; Bull. U. S. Fish Com. for 1899, pp. 451, 478, 482; Bull. Bureau
of Fisheries,
XXIV,
p. 334, etc., pi. xxii, fig. 158.
This species was found in two Bermuda
fishes.
NO. 1560.
105
llycteroperca apna.
July 21, one.
Dimensions, in millimeters,
life,
side view,
com-
pressed: Length 1.05; diameter of oral sucker 0.12, of ventral sucker

0.32;
ova 0.02 by 0.01.
Synodus saurus.
July 20, twelve. These distomes were collected in the evening
and placed in sea water to which a little formaldehj-de had been
added. They were still active on the following- morning. These
specimens are in agreement with this species in the general character
and relative positions of testes, ovary, vitellaria, and seminal vesicle.
The habit of the body suggests D. Iseve; the testes, also, as in that
species, are situated near the ventral sucker.
They appear to be
identical with forms found in Syiiodax fiHena at Beaufort.
Dimensions, in millimeters, life: Length 2.55; diameter of oral
sucker 0.15, of ventral sucker 0.33; ova 0.018 by 0.012.
This species belongs to the family Hemiurinj^, and is near Pronopyge Looss.
DISTOMUM VITELLOSUM
Plate IX,
Distovium
figs.
vltellofûm
Linton.
figs, (io, 64.
Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish Coin, for 1899, p. 290, pi. xxxvii,

pi. xxx, figs. 333-340; Bull. Bureau of Fislieries,
38-39; p. 416, etc.,
XXIV,
p. 335, etc., pi.
xxiv,
figs.
176-178.
This varia))le distome, belonging according to Pratt to the subfamily
was found
I*sil(>><tominai^
Hafhystoma
i>triat>(iii
in five of the
Bermuda
fishes.
fJuly 17, one, small, imperfect.
Bodian ua fulvus punvtatus

July
22, one, minute,
about
mm.
in length.
Calamus calamus.
July 14, one. This specimen agrees with this species in the general
arrangement of the genital organs, size of ova, and proportions of the
suckers.
The ventral sucker is evident!}^ pushed posteriori}^ ])y the
extreme contraction of the bod}-, since the uterus lies for half of its
length directly dorsal to it.
Dimensions, in millimeters, life: Length
In balsam, length 1.40, great1.72, breadth 0.67; ova O.OG by 0.04.
est breadth 0.60; diameter of oral sucker 0.22, of pharynx 0.15, of
ventral sucker 0.34.
Iieenn\don Jlxwollneatum
Length 1.35 to 2.78 nun. While agreeing

it was noted that on the dorsal surface at
the anterior end there was a slight roughening due to low nodular
July
9,
four; 31, six.
closely with this species
projections.
Holocentrus ascenscionis.
July 31, two, length 1.35 and 1.73
mm.
PROCEEDIN(;S OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
106
DISTOMUM SUBTENUE,
Plate IX,
fig.
new
vol.
xxxm.
species.
65.
Type. OAt. No. 57^9, U.8.N.M.

While none of the distomes referred to this species showed as much
of the anatomy as could be desired, they were easily recognized in the
several hosts by the large cirrus and the elongated ova.
An attempt was made to refer them to some genus in Pratt's
Synopsis, l)ut without success.
Bod}^ subcylindrical; ventral sucker larger than oral and prominent; testes two, globular, close together in a medio-dorsal position,
and immediately preceded by the ovary; uterus extending back of the

testes to the posterior end of the ))ody; cirrus robust; genital pore a
short distance in front of the ventral sucker and a little to the left of
the median line; vitellaria confined to a few isolated patches in the
median region of the body near the testes; uterus passing to the left
of the cirrus; ova somewhat elongated; intestinal cseca not clearly
made out, but apparently extending to the posterior end of the body.
The ova are crowded at the posterior end of the body behind the
testes, whence they extend ventrally to a point a little in front oi the
ovary. The longer diameter of the ova is more than twice the shorter.
In a ventral view the apertures of the suckers are seen to be transDimensions, in millimeters, life: Length 3.60; diameter of
verse.
body 0.63, of oral sucker 0.39, of ventral sucker 0.68; ova 0.05 by
Dimensions of specimen in balsam: Length 2.07; breadth 0.52;
0.02.
oral sucker, length 0.25, breadth 0.30; pharynx, short-fusiform,
length 0.15. breadth 0.15; ventral sucker, length 0.30, breadth 0.48;
ova, collapsed and crowded, not easily measured, 0.042
This species was found in four Bernmda

Calarii us
by
0.015.
fishes.
cahnn ns.
August
3, six;
August
7, five.
liarpe rafa.
August 7, two. These distomes arc smaller than those from Calamus, but they agree with them in essential particulars; length 1.02 mm.
in balsam.
Iridio hivittntHs.
July 9, two, immature. These were cylindrical, slightly arcuate

Dimensions, in millimeters, life:
with prominent ventral sucker.
Length 0.6; diameter anterior 0.06, posterior 0.07, at ventral sucker
0.18.
LachnolairiiKS viaxhtuis.
July 18, one, length 1.28
mm.
NO. 1560.
DISTOMUM MACROCOTYLE
Plate IX,
One 8pecimen of
fipr.
107
Diesing.
66.
was found in Tent Is hepatns^ August H.

Length 4.8; diameterof oral sucker
0.3, of ventral sucker 0.5; ova 0.08 by 0.02.
Dimensions of same mounted in balsam: Length 4.35; diameter of
neck 0.35, of middle of bod}" 0,<)3, near posterior end 0.35; oral sucker,
length 0.24, depth 0.30; diarueter of pharynx 0.12; ventral sucker,
length 0.72, depth 0.54; ova 0.027 by 0.015.
Anterior end white to ventral sucker, back of ventral sucker pink;
Dimensions,
this di.stome
Ji
yellowish in alcohol.
This distome
is
referred to the genus Accdculiinii
DISTOMUM NITENS
Plate X,
Dhtomum
nitens
Linton, Proc.
I'. 8.
ti<:s.
(17,
in
Pratt's Synopsis.
Linton.
(>S.
Nat. Mus.,
XX,
\>.
^^^.\4,
pi. li,
tijrj;.
5, 6;
pi.
LII, fig. 1.
Two
specimens of this distome were obtained, July 16, from Tylo-
surus acus.
They were elongated,
cylindrical, slightly irregular in
body orange, neck lighter in color

than the bod}" and concave below ventral sucker somewhat prominent.
Dimensions of living worm in millimeters: Length 5; length of
oral sucker 0.30, of ventrd sucker 0.(53; ova 0.028 by 0.014.
outline, slender, suckers whitish,
;
No
The ovary
spines wêre observed on these specimens.
is
trans-
versely elongated instead of glol)ular; a seminal receptacle was noted
behind the ovary. Other details are given in the sketch.

Th(\se specimens belong to this species or are near it.
According to the later classitication of distomes I). nitensh&Xongsto
the sul)family Plagiorch/nx^ and probably is near the genus Enodia
Looss.
DISTOMUM
GYRINUS,rt new
Plate X,
tigs.
species.
72-74.
Tyjê.C^t. No. 5800, U.S.N.M.

tail portion equaling, in some cases exceeding the length of the anterior portion, smooth; intestine not seen;
Bod}^ cercaria shape, the
pharynx absent.
Anterior sucker
nmch
larger than ventral; testes two, relatively
large, lateral, transverse, beginning behind oral sucker
and near it and

extending posteriori}- a short distance back of the ventral sucker;
seminal vesicle in front and to right of ventral sucker, dorsal; ovary
From
the Latin word Gyrinus, signifying
a,
tadpole.
108
vol. xxxiii.
behind ventral sucker; vitellaria filling the tail portion and extending
forward on the left side as far as the testes.
Dimensions, in millimeters, life: Length 1.85; length of tail 0.98;
diameter of anterior portion 0.45, of tail 0.18; diameter of oral sucker
Dimensions of specimen in balsam:
0.25, of ventral sucker 0.09.
Length 0.98; anterior portion, length 0.88, diameter 0,21; posterior
portion, length 0.00, diameter at middle 0.08; diameter of oral sucker
0.12, of ventral siicker 0.01.
Average of three specimens, in life: Length 0.95; diameter of oral

sucker 0.103, ventral sucker 0.04.
In Pratt's Synopsis this distome appears to be near the genus Euinegacetes Looss, but in reality is a very different form from that.
These distomes were found in two of the Bermuda fishes.
Lactophrys
August
Lactophrys
August
trlyo'iius.
3,
eight,
maxinnun length 0.95 nun.
tricornix.
1,
two, maxinnun length 1.S5 nun.
DISTOMUM LAMELLIFORME,
Plate X,
fig.
75; plate
XI,
new
figs.
species.
76-78.
Ti/pe.Cî. No. 5801, U.S.N.M.
Body
orbicular, flat and leaf-like, smooth, often broader than long.

Ventral sucker larger than oral, sessile, with circular aperture, relative proportions of suckers somewhat varial)le, but in alcoholic specimens ventral sucker not twice the diameter of the oral. The average
of four was: Oral sucker 0.075
Mouth
mm., ventral sucker O.lO mm.
subterminal, pharynx near oral sucker, globular; esophagus
short; intestinal crura simple extending to near the posterior end of
the body.
Testes two, round, or, under pressure, with undulate outline, situated behind ventral sucker on opposite sides of the median line and
separated from each other by a space approximately equal to the
diameter of the testis. Seminal vesicle to the right of the ventral

sucker preceded bj'^ the prostate gland and both inclosed in the cirrus
pouch. Cirrus relatively large.
Vitelline glands abundant, distributed throughout the posterior and lateral regions of the body as far
forward as the pharynx. Ovary behind the ventral sucker and between
the testes obsciu-ely lobed. Uterus along median line between testes
and passing to left of ventral sucker, in some cases a little in front,
in others at same level, and in 3"et others a little behind that organ.
Ova relatively few and large.
Dimensions, in millimeters, life, specimen flattened under cover
glass: Length 0.82, breadth 1.20; oral sucker, length 0.06, breadth
0,07; ventral sucker, length 0.15, breadth 0.21; ova 0.075 by 0.036.
Another, length 0.72, breadth 0.65; another, length 1.10, breadth 1.20.
PARASITES OF BERMUDA FISHESLINTON.
NO. 1560.
109
In Pratt's S^niopsis this distonic comes near tlio oenus Spcvrostoma.

species was found in three of the Beiimul-.i fishes.
The
JâlisfC'S c<(r(>linriix!s.
The sniaHer
Jul}' 14, otic hundred and (it'ty-one; July 22, two.
specimens were longer than broad, the larger ones were broader than
Many were folded by the approximation of the anterior and
long.
posterior ends.
Lacfopli rys
August
1,
Dimensions,
ricorn i.s.
one,
in
circular,
millimeters,
eter of oral sucker 0.14, of
translucent-white,
life:
pharynx
vitellaria
yellowish.
Length
0.(1>,
1.78; breadth l.TT; diamof ventral sucker 0.15; ova
0.058 by 0.036.
Lactop hr[ix
August
tr igoims
3,
one, small.
Dimensions,
in
millimeters,
life:
Length
0.64, breadth 0.72; diameter of oral sucker 0.07, of ventral sucker
ova 0.o7 by 0.04. The vitellaria were profuse. The stained

specimen shows the ovary to be trilobed, the anterior lobe projecting
0.12;
dorsal ly.
DISTOMUM TRULLA/*
Plate XI,
new
species.
fig. 79.
Type. C^t. No. 5802, U.S.N.jSI.

In Pratt's Synopsis this species fsdls in the genus IlaJlcoindra.
Body pyriform, compressed, densely covered with small, low, round
spines; oral and ventral suckers about equal; phar3Mix equal in length
to the diameter of the ventral sucker, separated
from the
oral sucker
by a short pre-esophagus, which may

specimen; esophagus short; rami of intestines simple,
apparently extending to near th(^ posterior end of the body; testes
two, near posterior end, diagonal!}" placed and near together, unequal;
cirrus pouch long-clavate, dorsal to ventral sucker and to the left;
uterus between testes and ventral sucker, the thick-walkni and glandular extremity lying beside the cirrus on the left; o\"ary three-lobed,
in front of testes and contiguous with anterior testis and a little to the
right of the median line of the lod}-; o\a ratlier lunnerous, their
become indistinguishable in a
contracted
length equal to about one-fourth the diameter of the ventral sucker;

vitellaria diflfuse, filling the posterior and lateral regions of the body
forward as the piiarynx.

Dimensions, in millimeters, balsam: Length 1.14; ])readth, anterior
0.27, middle 0.73, near posterior 0.47; oral sucker, length 0.15, ])readth
0.14; pharynx, length 0.12, breadth 0.1 1: ventral sucker, length 0.14,
breadth 0.15; ova 0.042 by 0.027.
as far
From
Ocyiinin cJu'y.Knrns.
July 22, three.
"From
the Latin word tmlhi, signifying a trowel.
no
DISTOMUM LEVENSENI,
Plate XII,
Type. C'Ai. No.

Body depressed,
5S03,
fig8.
new
vol. xxxiii.
species.
80-83.
U.S.N.M.
linear but with tendencT to
l)e
inflated in the cer-
rounded spines, most

conspicuous anteriorly, but discernible along- the lateral margins to the
posterior end.
The oral and ventral suckers are about equal, the latter situated at about the anterior third or fourth of the length; mouth
subterminal, circular, sometimes with the opening distorted; very short
pre-esophagus; pharynx moderately elongated; esophagus rather longer
than pharynx; intestinal crura extending to ])osterior end of the body.
The testes are nearly equalj slightly lobed in specimens which have
been killed under pressure, unequal, the posterior being usually the
more elongated and lai'ger. In all cases the testes were end to end
and behind the middle of the body; in compressed specimens they are
separated from each other by a short space. The seminal vesicle is
behind the ventral sucker and inclosed in the cirrus pouch, which is
inconspicuous. The cirrus passes to the left of the median line and
opens in front of the ventral sucker a little to the left. The cirrus
was not seen distinctly, l)ut the whole pouch is elongated. Ovary
smaller than testes, irregular oval, or oblong elliptical, or subglobular,
in front of and close to anterior testis, in uncompressed specimens; in
specimens killed under pressure it may l)e separated from the anterior
testis by a space equal to once or even twice the diameter of the ovary.
A seminal receptacle lies close to the ovary and dorsal to it. Vitelline
glands diffuse but presenting some striking variations (figs. 81 and
82); in most cases they fill the greater part of the body l)ehind the
ventral sucker along the marginal region, covering and concealing the
intestinal rami.
These glands appear to lie behind the ventral sucker
for the most part, although a diffuse and deeply staining layer, which
may also be a part of this gland, continues anteriorly to the pharynx.
The uterus is in front of the ovary, the ova being, for the most part,
between the o\ary and the l)ase of the cirrus pouch. The uterus continues anteriorly beside and to the left of the cirrus to open at the
genital aperture in front of the ventral sucker and to the left.
Ova
rather few and large.
This distome, according to Pratt's Synopsis, belongs to the genus
Allocreadlum. It is near the species D. ocuJatuiu Levinsen.
The species was found in two of the Bermuda fishes.
vical reoion, wholly covej'ed with minute, low,
Ejpinephelus onaculosus.
July
8,
two; July 29, four.
The
living
yellowîsh w^hite with an amber-colored spot
worms
of the
first lot
Avere
between the ventral sucker
and the ovary where the ova la}^; length 2.5 mm., breadth 0.5 mm.
One of these, which had been fixed over the flame and afterwards
NO. 1560.
Ill
mounted in balsam, had the following- dimensions, in millimeters:

Length 1.8, breadth 0.83; diameter" of oral sucker 0.08, of ventral
sucker 0.08; pharynx, length 0.05, breadth 0.08; ova 0.018 by 0.021.
The specimens in the second lot present considerable variation in
Three of them agree fairly well, the fourth is
size and proportions.
larger.
It was somewhat macerated and consequently was flattened
more than the otiiers when placed under th(^ cover glass.
jyniiein^'iotix
Length.
of
liiiiKj sj)ecimcih'^.
112
vol. xxxiii.
The intestinal rami orioinate at the ventral sucker and dorsal to it.
At their origin they constitute a somewhat convoluted or lobed mass,
from which they contijuie to the posterior end of the body as greatly
int1at(d, somewhat spiral tubes with very thin walls and tilled with a
The intestinal rami occupy
clear, structureless, or colloid material.
the greater part of the body behind the ventral sucker and are very
Both in the living and the pi'cserved material the intesrami appear as a series of semitransparent spaces. No genital
organs, even as rudiments, were distinguished.
Tran verse sections reveal the following structure: The epidermis is
Next within this is
underlaid by a thin layer of longitudinal libers.
a somewhat broken layer which, from its position, suggests the
rudiments of vitellaria. The remainder of the bod}^ is filled with
conspicuous.
tinal
parenchyma, as shown in the figures.

Lengths of five living specimens,
in millimeters: 2.15; 1.98; 1.68;
(Corresponding breadths: 0.35; 0.48; 0.38; 0.32; 0.27.

Detailed measurements of one: Length 2.15, breadth 0.35; diameter
One specimen, which
of oral sucker 0.06, of ventral sucker 0.21.
1.28;
1.05.
may
be abnormal, had the following dimensions: Length 2.10,

breadth 0.18; oral sucker, length O.OT, breadth 0.06; ventral sucker
not quite definite but appeared to be 0.18 in diameter.
Forms reseml)ling these were found in Coryphsena equisetts and
C. JdjypîTim at Beaufort, North Carolina, and in Breiwortla fi/rannis
at
Woods
Hole, Massachusetts.
The}^ were found in one of the
Lycodo)
Bermuda
fishes.
t!s in or !i > ga
August 3, eighty-four, in alimentary canal. Most of these specimens were found in washings from the intestines. A few cysts under
the serous coat of the intestine were opened, and from two of them
distomes of this species were obtained. Nothing distinguishable was
found
filled
Thesp cysts were white, rather

in the other cysts.
with a whitish, granular material.
DISTOMUM TOMEX,"
Plate
XIV,
figs.
new
soft,
and
species.
94-96.
Ty/?e. Cat. No. 5805, U.S.N.M'.

slender, unarmed; ventral sucker near the anterior
end, smaller than oral sucker, with transverse aperture; oral sucker
P3a-iform, the larger end in front, aperture circular and terminal; no
pharynx; esophagus distinct; intestinal rami extending to the posterior
end of' the body; genital papilla prominent, at base of oral sucker on
ventral side, with 2 external apertures; uterus with greater part of
ova at posterior end of body, but opening' at the genital papilla; vas
Body long and
From
the Latin word tomex, signifying a cord.
PARASITES OF BERMUDA FISHES LINTOX.
NO. 1560.
113
defenis distinct along the median line anteriorally, not so distincth'^
seen near the testes as shown in the sketch.
Other genitalia not quite

taken to be the testes are two
elongated, lobed bodies, one following the other, but diagonally placed,
and situated near the posterior end, but in front of that portion of the
uterus which contains the greater part of the ova.
Another organ,
satisfactoril}'
made
out.
What were
probabl}^ the ovary, lies beside the anterior testis.
staining bodies, which extend
little in
Clusters of deeply
from about the anterior sixth
to a point
front of the middle, ma}^ possibh^ be the vitellaria, although
some of them appeared
to be folds of the intestinal rami.

Dimensions of specimen mounted in balsam, in millimeters: Length
12; diameter of anterior projection containing oral sucker 0.14; diam-
eter of body, anterior 0.33, at ventral sucker 0.48; anterior sucker,

length 0.14, breadth, anterior 0.08, posterior 0.06; genital papilhi,
length 0.04, breadth 0.05; ventral sucker, length 0.07, breadth 0.11;
length of esophagus 0.3; distance of ventral sucker from genital papilla

0.46, from anterior end 0.63; ova 0.018 by 0.012.
Length of living-
worm
From
14; breadth 0.2 to 0.5.
Eplnejphelus striatus.
Jul}" 14, one.
I do not find
any distome
at all
resembling this in Pratt's Synopsis.
UNDETERMINED DISTOMES.
The following distomes are not given specific names on account of
amount of material in each case or its unsatisfactory
either the small
condition.
It is hoped that the notes which it was possible to make, together
with the naming of the host in each instance, will prove to be of use
to future investigators.
DtHtoinvm, species from Serlola fasclata. (Plate VII, figs. 55, 56.)
July 31, two. These worms being immature and partly macerated,
but little of their anatomy could be made out. Testes, two, globular,
near together, one following the other and near the posterior end;
ovary small, globular, in front of anterior testis and separated from
it by a distance about equal to the diameter of the testis.
The anterior end of one was retracted, and there was a small mass of black
pigment in each between the oral and ventral suckers. The vitellaria
were not distinct. The character of the intestines could not be made
out.
Each of the specimens was linear and smooth.
Dimensions in millimeters, life: Length 3.30; breadth at ventral
sucker 0.40, behind ventral sucker 0.30; diameter of oral sucker 0.19,
of ventral sucker 0.30.
Dimensions of specimen in balsam: Length 2.55, breadth 0.25;
diameter of oral sucker 0.18, of ventral sucker 0.24; distance of ventral sucker from anterior end 0.37, distance of posterior testis from
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
114
posterior end 0.22.
but
in the other its
of the
length
oral
The pharynx was not
length was 0.06.
vol. xxxiii.
visible in this specimen,
In the latter specimen the length
sucker was 0.16, of the ventral
sucker 0.21,
whole
2.
Distonmim^ species from Angelichthys ciliaris. (Plate VII, fig. 57.)

July 14, two; July IT, two. None of the specimens were in good
The body is subcylindrical and curved ventrally. Numercondition.
ous dark brown blotches were noted in one. These are conspicuous
in the mounted specimen, and appear to represent the intestines.
Some deepl}" staining granular masses lay near each lateral margin at
about the posterior third. They have the general structure of vitelThe ova, to the number of about two hundred, lay between
laria.
these bodies.
Dimensions in millimeters, life: Length 2.16, breadth 0.7; suckers

near together and about equal, the anterior 0.18 in diameter; ova 0.030
by 0.014. Length of another 1.65; breadth 0.42.
Distomum
{Lecithocladium)^ species from Seriola dumerili.
(Plate
VIII, figs. 59, 60.)

Body cylindrical, finel}^ ringed, a
July 16, nine; July 24, one.
character which may disappear when the specimen has been for some
time under slight pressure; posterior end of body retractile; neck
cylindrical, very contractile, with a tendenc}' to arch; testes close
together behind the ventral sucker, the left a little in advance of the
right; cirrus and cirrus pouch in neck, genital pore just behind the
oral sucker and a little to the left of the median line; seminal vesicle
in front of testes; ovary close behind testes; folds of uterus behind
testes and ovary, passing forward to right of cirrus to the genital
pore; vitellaria tubular, convoluted, on either side of ovary; ventral
sucker much larger than oral, pharynx oval, diameter about equal to
length; rami of intestine extending nearl}^ to the posterior end.
Dimensions, in millimeters, balsam: Length, exclusive of retractile

portion, 1.14, diameter 0.30; diameter of oral sucker 0.15, of
0.06, of ventral sucker 0.27;
DistoTmim., species
pharynx
ova 0.016 by 0.007.
from TeutJds hepatus.
(Plate VIII,
fig.
61.)
July 21, one and fragment, neither in good condition.

The stained and mounted fragment shows only the following meager
details: Beginning at the posterior end the body is seen to be filled
with ova. A small structure, 0.7 mm. from the posterior end, about
0.2 mm. in diameter, transversely striated, is apparently a seminal
receptacle.
At the anterior border of this organ is a cluster of oval
bodies, four or more in number, which may represent a deeply lobed
At a distance 0.6 mm. in front
ovar}^ with lobes 0.1 mm. in length.
of these bodies a testis was made out, and beside it the faint indications of another.
vesicle
was seen.
About
0.6
mm.
in front of the testis a large seminal
NO. 1560.
115
Dimensions, in millimeters, balsam: Length 1.57, diameter 0.52;

breadth 0.12; diameter of pharynx 0.09;
ventral sucker, length 0.35, breadth 0.33; ova 0.018 by 0.009, mainly
Vitellaria diffuse in median part of
at the posterior end of the body.
the bod}^; oral sucker retracted, ventral sucker also slightly withoral sucker, leno-th 0.11,
drawn.
The length
of the fragment
is
3.75
mm.
It represents onlj^ the
post-acetabular region.
from Tylosurus aens. (Plate VIII, fig. 62.)

Color of body orange, neck light orange, suckers
whitish.
The bod}" is fusiform, tapering more to the posterior end
Ventral sucker larger than oral; pharynx sepathan to the anterior.
Ovar}" subglobular,
rated from oral sucker by a pre-esophagus.
behind ventral sucker; uterus between ovar}^ and ventral sucker and
passing to the left of the ventral sucker to the genital aperture, which
is in front of the ventral sucker and on the left of the median line.
Vitellaria diffuse lateral and posterior, abundant, extending to ventral
sucker.
Testes not clearly made out, but appear to be represented by
a mass of cells behind the ovary. Cirrus and its pouch in front of the
ventral sucker, and to the left.
Ova few and large.
Dimensions of mounted specimen, in millimeters: Length 1.77;
diameter, anterior 0.25, at ventral sucker 0.63, near posterior end
0.15; diameter of oral sucker 0.22, of pharynx 0.13, of ventral sucker
Distoinuin^ species
July 16, one.
by 0.01:.
According to the later classification of the distomes
probably belongs to the genus Allocreadtimi.
0.36; ova 0.07
this species
species from Chxtodon^ species.

(Plate X, fig. 69.)
July 30, two; August 3, four; all the specimens in poor condition,
as if macerated.
So far as could be made out from these imperfect specimens they
have the following characters: Ventral sucker a little larger than oral;
ovar}" with three or four lobes and situated half way lietween the ventral sucker and the posterior end; vitellaria abundant, diffuse, at posterior end and along margins to ventral sucker, overlying other
organs in places. To the rear of the ovary and at its right side are
about nine bodies which appear to be testes. The cirrus and its pouch
were indistinctly seen, but they appear to pass dorsal to the ventral
sucker to open in front of it on the left of the median line. There is
a distinct prostate, with a seminal vesicle at its posterior edge, just
behind the ventral sucker. In a larger specimen than the one
sketched the seminal vesicle is farther back; the ova are rather few,
mostly in front of the ovaiy, but a few are behind it, or at least very
close to it.
The uterus passes to the left of the cirrus to open
immediately in front of the ventral sucker, and close to the median
Distomum
116
The prostate
line.
is at
VOL. XXXIII.
the posterior border of the ventral sucker, a
to the left.
little
eter of oral sucker 0.10, of
0.051
life: Length 2.25, breadth 0.54:; diampharynx 0.06, of ventral sucker 0.13; ova
Length of smaller specimens
b}^ 0.036.
and
1.5.
Distoimim, species from Bodianus fiihuis punctatus. (Plate X, fig. 70.)

July 22, one, immature. Dimensions, in millimeters, life: Length
0.0, breadth 0.13; breadth of oral sucker, retracted, approximately
0.12; ventral sucker, length 0.10, breadth 0.12.
Measurements of the
specimen in balsam show that the diameter of the two suckers and the
pharynx is about the same, namely O.OT; each a little wider than long.
In the mounted specimen several granular bodies are disclosed which
are the rudiments of the reproductive organs.
The anterior end is
beset with exceedingly minute spines.
Dlstontmn, species from Sphyrxna sphyrsena. (Plate X, fig. 71.)

July 17, three, in poor condition, as if macerated b}^ the digestive
juices of their host.
The barracuda indeed may not be the proper
host of these distomes.
final
-Bod}^ elongated, the posterior half nearly linear, tapering to ante-
rior end; oral sucker lost in all the specimens;
pharynx preceded by
a pre-esophagus and about two-thirds the size of the ventral sucker.
The
ventral sucker and
oval,
on median
line,
its aperture longer than broad.

Testes two,
separated from each other by a distance slightly
less
than the length of one, the posterior testis situated at about
own
length from the posterior end of the body.
placed in front of the anterior
testis,
its
Ovary globular and

from which it is separated by a
posterior and lateral, extending

forwards to a point about 0.7 mm. behind the ventral sucker. Faint
indications of a seminal vesicle were seen behind the ventral sucker,
and of a setninal receptacle in front of the ovary. The ova are rather
large and numerous, the body being crowded with them for a distance
short interval.
of 3.75
mm.
in
Dimensions
15;
maximum
Vitellaria
diffuse,
front of the ovary.
in millimeters of
specimen mounted
diameter, at posterior
testis,
0.*J6,
in balsam:
at
Length
pharynx, 0.33;
pharynx, length 0.33, breadth 0.25; ventral sucker, length 0.15,

breadth 0.37; distance of pharanx from ventral sucker 1.8; distance of
posterior testis from posterior end 0.9; posterior testis, length 1.05,
breadth 0.60; anterior testis, length 0.90, breadth 0.54; distance
between testes 0.67; diameter of ovary 0.30; distance of ovary from
The anterior end was macerated
first testis 0.91; ova 0.06 by 0.03.
into
slender
the oral sucker being lost and
drawn
out
a
thread,
and
On account of
the pharynx about 0.75 mm. from the anterior end.
the macerated condition of these distomes the absence of spines is
without sitrnificance.
NO. 1560.
117
Dlstomicw, species from Ballstes cHToUnendH. (Plate XII, tii^. 84.)

July 14, three. Bod}" thickish, depressed, covered with spines which
are low and rounded in front, dense on head and anterior part of
Ventral sucker larger than oral; mouth
body, less dense posteriorly.
subterniinal; esophagus none; intestinal rami broad and extending- to
posterior end of body; testes two, close together, one in front of the
other, about halfway between the ventral sucker and the posterior
end, not lobed; ovary subglobular, in front of testis, near and a little
to the right; uterus in front of testes passing to the left of the venCirrus and
tral sucker to open in fiont of it and a little to the left.
Seminal vesicle in front of ovary and
its pouch very indistinct.
behind ventral sucker but not clearly shown. Cirrus dorsal to ventral
Vitelline glands diffuse, posterior and
sucker and on left side.
marginal, covering and hiding other organs and extending in front
of ventral sucker.
Ova
relatively
few and
large.
Dimensions, in millimeters, life. Length 8.15; breadth 0..56; diameter of oral sucker 0.22, of pharynx 0.15, of ventral sucker 0.15; ova
0.06
by
0.03.
In Pratt's Synopsis this species appears to belong
in
the genus
Halicontetra.
(Plate XIII, fig. 85.)
species h'om Paranthia^ fuvcifer.
July 29, one. Body nearly linear, covered with low, rounded spines;
oral sucker slightly exceeding the ventral; ventral sucker nearl}"
equally distant from the two extremities, aperture transverse; pharynx
large, esophagus distinct, intestinal rami extending to posterior end;
testes two, one following the other, near posterior end; ovary at front
edge of anterior testis; uterus between ovary and ventral sucker;
vitellaria diffuse, posterior and lateral, extending in front of ventral
Disfouiuj/i
sucker.
Dimensions, in millimeters, life: Length 1.38; breadth, anterior

0.18, at ventral sucker O.lO; oral sucker, length 0.18, ])readth 0.15;
pharynx, length 0.16, breadth 0.12; diameter of ventral sucker 0.15;
ova 0.05 by 0.036. Same, in balsam: Length 1.28; oral sucker, length
and breadth, each 0.13; ventral sucker, length 0.10, breadth 0.12.
The
outline of the testes
was made from
life;
each
diti'ers
from that shown
testis is
in the sketch,
which
broader than long and the margins
are uneven.
Although the specimen seems to be in fairly good condition and the

testes, ovary, and vitellaria are well 'differentiated ])y the stain, there
is no indication of cirrus, pouch, or genital aperture.
This distome appears to belong to the genus Ihdicoiiietra of the
later classification.
118
vol. xxxrii.
Distoinum^ species from Salariichthys textilis.

July 16, one. This distome was exceedingly minute. It was inclosed
in an amber-colored, globular cj^st.
It was seen while examining
some foodstuff with the microscope.
Diameter of the cyst about 0.2 mm. The distome was curved in a
horseshoe shape inside the cyst.
Numerous minute spherical bodies, probably concretions in the
These concretions measured 0.004 mm.
excretory vessels, were noted.

in diameter.
Distomiim^ species from Teutlds ccerulem.

July 22, one, partly macerated. This distome was stained and
mounted, but is not in a condition to admit of identification or satisfactory description.
The mount
yields a lateral view of the compressed specimen.
vitellaria are diffuse, not close to the
of the
body from the posterior end
sucker
tral
margin, but
fflling
The
the interior
to the ventral sucker.
The ven-
very indistinct; uterus in front of ovary; ova relatively
is
few.
Dimensions, in millimeters, life: Length 1.35, breadth 0.83; oral

sucker 0.21, pharynx 0.10, ventral sucker 0.21; ova 0.036 by 0.021.
So far as can be made out, the anatomy bears a general resemblance
to that of
D.
viteUoHiiiii.
MONOSTOMUM VINAL-EDWARDSII
Plate
XV,
Linton.
fig. -97.
Monostomum vinahedwardsil Linton, Bull. U. S. Fish. Com. for 1899, p. 470, pi.
XXIV, figs. 373-376; Bull. Bureau of Fisheries, XXIV, pp. 379, 410, figs.
220-222.
This species was found
in
two of the Bermuda
Neomcen i,s Kynagris.

July 18, fifteen large and two
Larger, length 2.98,
length 0.57, breadth 0.30.
formalin:
small.
fishes.
breadth 0.98. Smaller,
maximum
Ocyurim cliTy^nruH.
July 7, three; July 11, twenty-four; July 22, twenty.
small specimens were found together, as in the snapper.
MONOSTOMUM,
Plate
XIV,
Large and
species.
figs. 92, 93.
Three small monostomes, from two Bernmda fishes appear to belong

same species. In each case they were in poor condition, being
to the
somewhat macerated.
NO. 1560.
Bathystoma
119
striatum.
July 17, one.
Dimensions,
anterior 0.22, middle

largest 0.018
posterior 0.15;
0.tl:2,
ova,
Length 1; breadth,
somewhat variable,
by 0.011.
HxritAilon fiavolineat uni.
Dimensions of larger, in millimeters, life: Length

middle 0.31, posterior 0.12; diameter of
oral sucker 0.09, of pharynx 0.03, of genital sucker 0.08; ova 0.018
by 0.011.
July 31, two.
1.05; breadth, anterior 0.12,
GASTEROSTOMUM,
species.
genus were found on two occasions in

the rock fish {Mycteroperca apua), in each case in poor condition.
The relative position of the vitellaria, ovary, testes, uterus, and
cirrus nuich as in G. arcuatu/ji; the vitellaria, however, are more
crowded, in some of the specimens at least, than in that species,
although agreeing closely in number, 28 having been counted in one
and 29 in another. The anterior end is bluntly rounded, and the
Trematodes belonging to
anterior sucker
is
this
relatively large, as in
(J.
hacnlatum.
July 21, twenty; length 2 nun., breadth 0.3 mm.; ova 0.021 by (.015
and 0.03 by 0,02 mm. July 22, five; no two alike in shape, but generally slender; length 0.66 mm., breadth 0.3 nuu.
UNDETERMINED TREMATODE.
Plate
This
is
possibly a
XV,
new genus,
tigs.
100-102.
related,
but not closely, to Pkyllodis-
toiiivm.
Body nearl}' circular, rather thin, with edges folded under. The
neck is subcylindrical and sharply marked off from the body. Ventral sucker larger than oral, with a nearly circular aperture.
Mouth
circular, prohal)ly nearly terminal, pharynx not clearly seen and very
small, if any.
The intestinal rami are simple and elongated, l)eginning
near the oral sucker and extending to the posterior end, where,
although they were not clearly seen, they appear to meet. The reproductive organs, if correctly interpreted, have the following arrangement: Testes two, transversel}' placed, not granular, but appearing as
crumpled or folded structures; ovary in front of right testis, near it
and ventral; vitellaria two, lobed, immediately behind ventral sucker;
uterus between and behind testes; genital aperture behind oral sucker
at bifurcation of intestine; cirrus and pouch in neck.
Ventral disk
nearly circular, marked with transverse lines, and minute longitudinal striffi between the lines.
Dimensions, in millimeters, life: Length of disk 0.75, breadth
0.93; neck, arched and bent ventrally, diameter 0.42, length, estimated, 0.87.
Specimen mounted in balsam: Body, length 0.75,
breadth 0.90; neck, length 0.75, breadth 0.36; oral sucker, length
120
vol. xxxiii.
0.24, breadth 0.27; ventral sucker, leng^th 0.34, breadth 0.30; diameter
of ventral disk 0.58; ova of different sizes, largest 0.042 b}^ 0.015.
This specimen was found
in Balistes eai'olineihsis^ 'Jûh' 1^-
PARASITIC COPEPODS.
I
am
indebted to
my
friend Prof. C. B. Wilson for the identifica-
tion of the only species of parasitic
copepod found.
Lepeoj)htheirus dissrmidatus' Wilson.

Proc.
U.
S.
Nat. Mus.,
XXVIII,
631-635,
pp.
was found on two of the Bermuda
species
xxii.
pi.
This
fishes.
S^pin eplielus striat us.
July
11,
two; July 18, two.
Found only on
the large groupers.
Myderoperca apua.
Five specimens collected by Mr. Louis Mowbray,
St.
Georges,
Bermuda.
PARASITIC ISOPODS.
The
parasitic isopods ol)tained
Harriet Richardson,
who
by me
in
Bermuda were
sent to Dr.
has kindl}- furnished the following identifi-
cations:
Cymothoa a-strtim (Linnasus).

Mr. Louis Mowbray of St. Georges, Bermuda, brought to the laboratory two isopods, one large the other small. The snrall one was
from the mouth of a fish which was identified by Mr. Mowbray as
Trachurops cruraenopldhahuuH. It was collected on March 6, 1903.
The large specimen was from the mouth of a fish which he identified
as Priacanthus arenatus.
lyvna nana Schoedte and Meinert,
From Athenna
were
harriiigtonensis.,
July
15,
numerous.
These isopods
removed from the fish, and they could detach themselves

They were abundant; all that were seen were females with
easily
at will.
ova.
JVerocUa acuminata Schoedte and Meinert.
From Lachnolahnus ntaxiinus^ August 3, one, from

men was a female, length 32 mm., breadth 17 nmi.
fin.
The
speci-
Coixdlena, species.
This specimen was brought in with other material collected on a

dredging expedition to the Challenger Banks conducted by Capt.
W. E. Meyer, August 1 and 2. The host was not noted.
PARASITEiS OF
No.1%0.
BERMUDA FISHES LINTON.
121
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
REFERENCE LETTERS USED IN FKRIRES OF THExM ATODES.
a.
ventral sucker.
c.
cirrus.
^r.
cirrus pouch.
sv.
cp.
e.r.
excretory vessel.
t.
g.
genital aperture.
u.
gs.
o.
seminal receptacle.
seminal vesicle.
testes.
uterus.
vd.
vus deferens.
vg.
vitelline gland.
ovary.
vr.
vitelline reservoir.
esophagus.
rd.
vitelline duct.
genital sucker.
L intestine.
on.
phar3-nx.
pJt.
p. prostate gland.
Plate L
from Mi/cferopcrca apua.
Ascaris, species
Fig.
1.
Optical section of anterior end shoAving characteristic diverticulum of intestine {id),
and
of
esophagus {od);
balsam; length of esophagus
in
Head
16.
Ventral view of posterior end, balsam; diameter at anal aperture
enlarged; diameter 0.12
L5 mm.
mm.
la.
0.0!)
mm.
Immature Nematode from Epineplielns mandim(x.

2.
Diagrammatic sketch
of anterior end,
Iiiniadnre
3.
Nematode from
Jlavjie rufa.
Posterior end; diameter at anal ajierture 0.03

lelitfn/oiiema, species
4.
life.
mm.
from Lgcadoidi-t
)norbiga.
Anterior end, optical section, life; diameter, anterior, 0.09 nun.

end of same; diameter 0.07 mm.
4a. Posterior
Ileteratis foveolata
5.
5a.
Female from Diplodas mrgns;

Male; length 4
56. Posterior
0.015
5c.
lengtli S
mm.
mm.
end of male,
mm.;
Rudolph
lateral view, life; distance of anal aperture
au, anal aperture;
Posterior end of female,
life;
h,
bursa;
.s'^*,
from
tip
spicule.
diameter at anal aperture 0.12
mm.
6.
Optical section, balsam, specimen from Lgcodontis vtorhtga; length of esopha-
7.
Diagram of anal papilla-. The specimen from which

was from N'eomnenis grixeuK.
gus 0.8
mm.
Plate
this sketch
was made
II.
Ileterak is foveolata Rudolphi, continued.
Fig.
8.
Transverse section of specimen from Mycteroperca apua. Anterior end of

pharynx showing beginnings (a a) of longitudinal divisions of esophagus.
The position of the third division will be at the lower end of the figure
where, in this section, a few of the teeth are shown; maximum diameter,
0.13
mm.
122
Fig.
9.
Transverse section
diameter, 0.13
10.
back of
pharynx showing structure
vol. xxxiii.
of
esophagus;
mm.
Transverse section of esophagus of specimen from Micropogon undulatus,

Beaufort, North Carolina, introduced here for comparison; diameter,
0.08
mm.
Heterakis, species.
11.
Lateral view of female from Neoma'nis
la.
Lateral view of same, enlarged.
116.
12.
l)alsam; length, 6
griseui^,
mm.
Posterior end, ventral view of female from Hivniulon carbonariuin.
Nearly transverse section of
lips
showing four
the teeth; length of section, 0.12
specimen collected
at Beaufort,
mm.
of the
mouth papillpe and

made from a
Figs. 12 to 15 are
from the southern flounder {ParaJicJithyx
alhigutlus).
somewhat diagrammatic,
end
of anterior
13.
Sketch,
14.
gap of mouth, 0.11 mm. See fig. 15.

Section behind pharynx showing structure
mm; a, lateral area; m, muscle cell.
of
pharynx; breadth
of esophagus;
of
diameter, 0.25
Plate HI.
Heterakis, species, continued.
Fig. 15. Section of posterior
end of pharynx, showing the division
of the cuticle into
three parts which become the three symmetrical longitudinal divisions
shown
in fig. 14;
breadth of gap, 0.10
shown
mm.
16.
Dorsal view of specimen
17.
Cross section of anterior end of specimen from Neomsenis grisens, partly
18.
Cross section of pharynx, showing beginning of divisions of cuticle into
19.
Section a
in
fig.
11,
diagrammatic; breadth of section, 0.17

three parts;
20.
maximum
diameter, 0.26
enlarged.
mm.
mm.
behind that sketched in fig. 18. Note the very thick cuticle;
pa, pulp of papilla; maximum diameter of section, 0.30 mm.
Cross section of esophagus, near base; maximum diameter, 0.14 mm.
little
Plate IV.
Erhlnorhynchus medius,
new
species.
Fig. 21. Adult male with bursa everted, from Mycteroperca apua; in balsam; length,
22.
40 mm. b, bursa; eg, cement gland; /, lemnisci; ps, proboscis sheath.

Anterior end of female, proboscis and neck everted; length of proboscis,
23.
Another, anterior end of body partly inverted; length of proboscis, 1.28
24.
mm.; a, spine from body enlarged; actual length, 0.04 mm.

Transverse section of proboscis, middle; diameter, exclusive of
1.35
0.4
mm.
mm.
25.
Same, near base; rm, retractor muscle.
26.
Immature male from Calamus calamus; balsam; length,

Immature female; balsam; length, 14 mm.
Hooks from proboscis, enlarged; length, 0.08 mm.
27.
28-30.
12 nun.
hooks,
NO. 1560.
123
Plate V.
DiscocephaJum pUeatum Linton, from OxirJiarJihius plntijodon.
Fig. 31.
Worms
attached
mucous membrane, heads embedded,
to
Ufe;
about
natural size.
Rhynchohotliriuin speciosinn Linton.
32.
Head and neck
of scolex
from
cyi^t in
Epinephelns striatus; balsam; length
mm.;
to base of contractile bulbs 5
rh,
contractile bulbs;
])S,
proboscis
sheath.
83.
34, 35.
Posterior end of same.
Two
views of proboscis; diameter, including hooks, 0.06

Rhynchohothriiim .ynrdconmtnni,
36.
Head and neck
37, 38.
Two
mm.;
Posterior end of larva;
viev/a of proboscis; diameter, incjuding hooks, 0.06
Otohoihrimn penetrans,
new
cb,
bulbs;
mm.
VL
sjiecies,
from Tylosurus
Blastocyst (plerocercus), alcoholic; length, 10
40. Scolex, alcoholic; length, 3.5

41.
a.
Plate
Fici. 39.
spet'ies.
scolex from cyst in Epinephelus maculosux; balsam;
of
length to base of Imlbs 5

ps, sheath.
new
mm.
acus.
mm.
mm.
Front view of bothria.
42. Scolex, alcoholic; length, 4
mm.
Front view of head.

44. Another, with proboscides everted; breadth, 2 mm.
45. Scolex with anterior end retracted; breadth at base of bulbs, 2.1 nun.; ui
balsam; cb, bulb; ps, sheath.
46-48. Different views of proboscides, all near base; diameter, incluiling hixjks,
43.
0.22
mm.
Plate VIL
Encotyllahe, species, from Calamus calamus.
Fig. 49. Ventral view,

50.
life;
length, 3.5
mm.
Lateral view of posterior end.
51.
Anterior end, ventral view; in balsam.
52.
Dorsal view of same.
53.
Posterior end; in balsam.

Microcotyle, species,
54.
Hooks on
from
.('alamus calamus.
retracted cirrus highly magnified; in balsam.
Disfomum, species, from Seriolafusciatd.
mm.
55.
Lateral view; in balsam; length, 2
56.
Ventral view of another specimen; in balsam; length, 2.5
Disiomum, species, from AngeUchlhys

57.
Lateral view,
life;
length, 1.26
mm.
ciliaris.
mm.
124
vol. xxxiii.
Plate VIII.
Distomum
Fig. 58;
View
from Synodus saurus.
monticellii Linton,
of specimen, in balsam; lengtli, 2.55
Disitomnm
59.
Specimen with
60.
Another,
61.
Lateral view,
Lecithockidinm)
tail
from Scriola
species,
everted; length, 1.65
mm.
Distomum, species, from Teidhia

life,
lieputus.
specimen partly macerated; length, 2.55
Didomiim, species, from

62.
(himerili.
mm.
inverted; length, 1.14
tail
mm.
mm.
Tj/losuruff acus.
Ventro-lateral view, balsam; length, 1.77
mm.
Plate IX.
Distomum
vitellosum Linton,
from Ihvmidou farolineatum.
life, specimen partly macerated; length 2.78 mm.

Ventral view of specimen from Calamiix calamus, balsam; length
Fig. 63. Sketch from

64.
Distomum
65.
species,
Lateral view, balsam; length 1.5
Distomum [Accaccelium)
66.
new
subtenue,
1.4
mm.
from Calanms calamus.
mm.
macrocoti/le Diesing,
Lateral view, balsam; length 4.35
from Teuthis hepatus.
mm.
Plate X.
Distomum
Fig. 67. Sketch of specimen
68.
nitens Linton,
mounted
from Tylosurus acus.
in balsam; length 4.5
mm.
Ventral view of anterior end.
Distomum, species, from Cluetodon, species.

69.
Ventral view,
life;
breadth 0.3
mm.
Distomum, species, from Bodiaiius fulvus punctatus.

70.
Sketch from
life,
anterior end inverted; length 0.9
mm.
Distomum, species, from Splii/rnna sphi/runa.

71.
Ovum,
alcoholic; longer diameter 0.07
Distomum
gi/rinus,
new
species,
mm.
from Lactophrys
trigonus.
mm.
72.
Dorsal view, balsam; length 0.95
73.
Ventral view of another, balsam, diameter, anterior 0.24 mm.

Ventral view, life, specimen from Lactophrys iricornis; length 1.58
74.
Distomujii lamelliforme,
75.
new
species,
Ventral view, balsam; diameter 0.57
from Lactophrys
mm.
trigonus.
mm.
NO. 1560.
125
Plate XI.
Dlstomum lamelUforme, new
Fig. 76. Ventral view of specimen from
species, continued.
7?rt//s<es oar-o/meî.s/.s,
length 0.82 mm., breadth 1.20
77.
Dorsal view,
78.
Ventral view of sjêcimen from Lactophrijs
life;
Distomum
79.
trulla,
new
species, fi'om
Ventral view, balsam; length 1.14
balsam; l)readth 0.9
mm.
mm.
iricornis, life;
Ocyurus
length 1.78
mm.
chrysiirus.
mm.
Plate XII.
Dktominn
new
leccniêni,
species.
Fig. 80. Dorsal view of specimen from Epirtepltelus

81.
82. Posterior
end
of same,
showing excretory
vessel with
Ventral view of another; length
0.9(3
Dorsal view,
life;
mm.
mm.
muscular bulb; diam-
mm.
Dislomiun, species, from BnUsles

84.
balsam; length 1.3
mm.
eter of bulb 0.03

83.
striatu!^,
Dorsal view of specimen from EpiiiepJtelus vkicuIosuk, balsam; length 1.8
length 1.77
caroliiiensii^.
mm.
Plate XIII.
Dhtomum,
Fig. 85. Dorsal view,
Distomiim
life;
species from Paranlliias fvrcifer.
length 1.38
fe)ie>ilrafum,
new
mm.
species,
from
Li/coilontis 7noringa.
mm.
86.
Ventral view, balsam; length 1.65
87.
Anterior end of same, enlarged.

Sketch of a less usual form than that shown in figure
88.
89.
90.
in
91.
86, life;
length 2.4
mm.
Transverse section of neck; diameter 0.16 mm.

<-ii, cuticle; gl, glandular
layer; Ini, longitudinal muscles; oe, esophagus.
Transverse section through anterior part of ventral sucker; diameter 0.18 mm.
beginning of intestine; rs, ventral sucker; other letters as
/, convoluted
fig.
89.
Transverse
/'/,
.section,
middle
of
body; transverse diameter 0.27
intestine; other letters as in
Pl.ate
life;
length
XIV.
from Balliystoma driatum.
3Ionosfo))uiiii, species,
Fig. 92. Dorsal view,
mm.
tig. 89.
mm.
Mouosto)ni(m, species, from Hieinulonjiavolineatum,

93.
Ventral view,
life;
DiMomwn
length 1.05
tomex,
new
mm.
species,
from EpinepJielus
striatus.
Ventral view, balsam; length 12 mm. ', ova; length 0.018 mm.
Anterior end of same; diameter at ventral sucker 0.48 mm.
96. Genital papilla; transverse diameter 0.05 nun.
c, aperture of cirrus;
94.
95.
ture of uterus.
aper-
126
vol.
xxxm.
Plate XV.
Monostomum
vlnal-edivardsii Linton,
Fig. 97. Dorsal view, balsam; length
99.
Iridio radiatus.
mm.
Undetermined Trematode,
101.
from
Dorsal view, balsam; length 2 nun.

Ventral view of head and anterior portion of sucking disk, balsam; dia-
meter of head 0.42
100.
chri/surus.
mm.
.[spidoga-^fer rivgens Linton,
98.
ffom OcijuruR
allied to Pliyllodistomum,
Ventral view, life; diameter of body

Same, stained and mounted in balsam.
0.93
mm.;
from
Balistes carolinensis.
d, disk.
102. Portion of ventral disk highly magnified; distance
between
strite
0.015
mm.
U. S.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXIII
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PL.
a7i
Parasites of Bermuda Fishes.

For explanation of plate see page 121.
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS. VOL. XXXIII

For explanation of plate see pages 121, 122.
PL.
II
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL.
Ill
U.
S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL. IV
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL.
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL. VI
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXIll

PL. VII
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL.
VIII
U. S.
NATI04MAL
MUSEUM

PL. IX
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL.
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL. XI
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
V.^

PL. XII
U.
S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL. XIII
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL. XIV
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

For explanation of plate
t,EE
page 126.
PL.
XV
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF RECENT UNSTALKED

CRINOIDS FROM THE COASTS OF NORTHEASTERN
ASIA.

Of the United
States
Bureau of
Fisheries.
In a previous paper I published preliminary descriptions of new

species of unstalked crinoids lêlonging- to the genus Decametrocrinim
and the Elegans, Eschrichtii, and Tenella groups of the genus Antedon^
^'
from the collections made by the U. S. Fisheries steamer Alhatross in

In the present paper are
the north Pacific and in the Japanese seas.
included the new species belonging to the Basicurva, Spinifera, and
Palmata groups of the genus
Antedo7i., together with the bidistichate
representatives of the Acoela group (which are here referred to as
comprising the Multicolor group), the species lacking the pinnule of the
third brachial, a species in which the first pinnule is the longest, and
another species of the Elegans group. Three new species of Cornatula
are also described, and a species of Cornatula and another of AteleAttention is called to the varied and handsome
crhius are renamed.
coloration of the Multicolor group in life, a group in which this feature
appears to attain its maximum so far as the Crinoidea are concerned.
A. ruhrojlava is very handsome, bright yellow, banded with equally
bright red, each color occup34ng areas about half an inch wide; this
is the onl}' species I have seen alive with this type of coloration; but
a specimen of A. .styllfer taken at Kagoshima in 1859 still shows evidence of having been similarly colored, although the specimen of the
The species described in
latter which I obtained is entirely different.
this paper will be described in more detail and figured later.
The
keys preceding the descriptions are based on those of Dr. P. H. Carpenter, so far as possible; but all the species described since the publication of the Challenger report have been taken into consideration,
and the characters of the new species here described are presented in
such a wa}^ that their relations to those previously known will, it is
hoped, be perfecth' clear.
ffProc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Proceedings U.
S.
XXXIII,
pp. 69-84.
National Museum, Vol. XXXIII No.
561
127
128
vol. xxxiii.
KEY TO THE SPECIES DESCRIBED.

A. Ten-armed species, with the disk and ambulacra plated, but the rays not wallstiff and rod-like
[ Accela group].
produced anteriorly, separating the second radials; second radials
and axillaries rounded and widely separated
(29) Antedon thetis.
The radials have flange-like lateral processes, which are in apposition later-
sided; the pinnules

First radials
a.
aa.
(4) A. separata.
ally
and ambulacra
B. Bidistichate species, with the disk
sided
[Multicolor group].
forming a radial cup with interradial processes reachthe disk and widely separating the rounded second radials; 15 cirri
the pinnules
plated, but the rays not wall-
stiff
and rod-like
First radials anchylosed,
a.
ing to
of 35 joints
(l)-î- multicolor.
First radials not anchylosed; interradial processes very narrow, lower part of
aa.
second radials meeting above them; larger part of the second radials and
the axillaries widely separated laterally: 20-25 cirri of 45 joints.
(2) A. versicolor,
First radials appear as small interradial triangles with no distal process; second radials in api:)Osition for entire lateral edge, but axillaries widely
separated
(3) A. propinqua.
aaa,.
The
aaaa.
radials
have flange-like
which are
lateral processes,
in apposition later-
ally.
Lower
h.
brachials (and distichals
when
present) rounded, and widely sepa-
rated from those on adjacent rays
The
bb.
c.
first distichals
(4) ^4. separata.
have flange-like processes, and are in apposition
laterally,
Cirri short, with 30 short joints; the second or third (or both) pairs of pin-
nules
much
elongated;
first
radials only just visible.

(5) A. flavopnrpurca.
Cirri long
cc.
and
slender, with 40 elongated joints; the proximal pinnules
not elongated;
C.
Ten-armed
species, in
first
and prominent
(6) A. callista.
and lower brachials have flattened sides.
radials large
which the
radials
[Basicurva group.]
a.
Pinnule amlûlacra plated.

b.
The
c.
later cirrus joints
have dorsal
spines.
First pinnule smaller than the second; cirri three-fourths length of arms,
with 80
joints; dorsal surface of railials
smooth
(7) A. anthus.O'
First pinnule nearly or quite as long as the second; cirri longer than the
cc.
arms, with about 110 joints

ccc.
d.
(8)
A. macropoda.a
First pinnule longer than the second.
Over 60
e.
cirrus joints.
First pinnule
much
flattened exteriorly; cirri very slender, with about
70 joints; radials and brachials strongly carinate; arms compressed,

with prominent overlapping spines
(9) A. hana.
dd. 30 to 50 cirrus joints.
e.
First pinnule flattened
on outer
side;
much
larger
and stouter than
second.
/.
Cirri in 15 vertical rows; radials
and lower brachials thickly
ff.
Cirri in five well-separated
f>
with
double vertical rows; radials and lower

(30) A. hawaiieyisis.
brachials bordered with stout spines
set
(10) A. villosa.a
short spines
Also a bidistichate species; see

Also a tridistichate species.
f>
p. 129.
NEW UNSTALKED
NO. 1561.
First pinnule not flattened
ee.
20
/.
30
ff.
lib.
c.
cirri
calyx and
calyx and
cirri;
CRINOIDS CLARK.
on outer
129
side; cirri in 10 vertical rows.
arm bases smooth

arm bases spiny
A. latipinna.
(11
A. pubescens.
Less than 30 cirrus joints, without dorsal si)ines.

Pinnules of eighth and following l)rachials have broad lower joints and
strong plates covering the genital glands.
Third and fourth joints of genital pinnules broad and nearly
d.
on the
flat
outer side, but the fifth joint smaller.

First radials visible; arm bases smooth; 7-10 cirrus joints.
e.
(12)
liepburninna.
.1.
uniformly expanded.
e. First radials concealed; less than 20 cirrus joints.
/. Calyx and arm bases rugose; first pinnule flagellate, with 40 or more
Lower
dd.
joints of genital pinnules
joints
cc.
.4. kitn.
(13)
Rays separated
ff.
laterally;
with a thin marginal
radials scale-like,
flange; second radial hemispherical

(14) A. scalar is.
Pinnules of tenth and following brachials have the lower joints as long as
or longer than wide, with no extensive plating over the genital glands.
d. Basals prominent; radials long, not carinate.
(15) A. r/arrettiana.f>
dd. Basals, first radials, and often more or less of the second radials concealed; (drri stout and rounded basally, slender and compressed
distally
16 )
orkm.
.1.
Pinnule ambulacra not plated.
aa.
radials visible; stoutest piimnle
Three
b.
on second
30-40
lirachial;
elongate cirrus joints
rather
A. minor.
(17)
D. Bidistichate species with the radial axillaries and some of the following joints
more or less wall-sided, and a well-marked ambulacral skeleton on the pin-
[Spinifera group]
nules
a.
Over 30
The
b.
cirrus joints, the later ones spiny.
pinnule
first
much
smaller than the second; less than 20
cirri in five
well-separated double rows; arms long and slender, with more than 100
joints; cirri long
bb.
and rather
stout,
with about 80 joints
anthus.
first
A. macropoda.
(8)
bbb.
.1.
pinnule about the same length aa, or only slightly shorter than, the
second; cirri longer than the arms, stout, with about 110 joints.
The
The
pinnule as long as or longer than the second;
first
cirri
shorter than
the arms,
c.
Centro-dorsal conical or shortly columnar, with 5 double rows of cirrus

sockets.
(/.
20 arms of sharply carinate joints.

('.
ee.
70-90 slender cirrus joints

50-55 stout cirrus joints
dd. 20
arms
.1.
quinquecostatu. "
(18)
.1.
diadenui.
rounded joints; radials not carinate; surface of radials and

lower brachials smooth; first pinnule not much stouter than succeedof
ing; 35-40 cirrus joints
(19)
ddd. Less than 15 arms of rounded joints;

radials
larger
A.
asfer.
radials not carinate; surface of
and lower brachials covereil with spines;

and stouter than the succeeding; 50 cirrus
first
pinnule nuich
joints.
(10) A. rillusa.
dddd. Less than 15 arms of rounded joints, but radials strongly carinate; 30
cirrus joints
(20)
"Inserted for comparison.

''
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
Also a l)idistichate species; see
xxxiii 07
p. 130.
A. albojlava.
130
Less than 25 cirrus joints, usually smooth.
aa.
Centro-dorsal conical, the
h.
16
smooth
joints; basals
cirri in 5 radial clusters; cirri
and
first
radials large
rather slender, with
and prominent.
A. qarrettiana.
(15)
Centro-dorsal discoidal, the marginal
without definite arrangement;

basals and first radials concealed; radials narrow, rounded or flattened;
cirri stout and rounded basally, slender and compressed distally.
hb.
E.
cirri
Ten-armed species with no pinnule on the third

a.
xxxm.
vol.
First pinnule the longest
aa. First
two pinnules about equal, or the
first
(16)
A. or ion.
(21
^1.
brachial.
slightly shorter
ruber.
than the second;
long conical processes at the junctions of the two outer radials and first two
brachials
A. dwmedeir.
(22)
aaa. Second pinnule much elongated, the joints with serrate ends; radials and
lower brachials smooth, not tubercular
A. tlgrhia.
(23)
Ten-armed species with the first pinnule the longest.

About 30 smooth cirrus joints, the basal ones elongate
^1. bowersi.
(24)
G. Bidistichate species with an unplated disk and no definite ambulacral skeleton;
F.
a.
the sides of the lower brachials are scarcely,

smaller than
a.
its
The third brachial has a pinnule.

b. One post-radial axillary; the rays
c.
if
at all, flattened; the first pinnule
[Palm ata group]
successors
(juite free laterally.
40-45 cirrus joints; lateral flange-like processes on the radials and distichals.
(25)
One
bb.
post-radial axillary, the radials
and distichals
(26)
bbb.
Two
or
more
A.
abbotti.
in close contact laterally.
A.
stylifer.
post-radial axillaries.
Third pinnule larger than the second.

Cirri not sjiiny.
e. Cirri elongate, with 40 or more joints
A. delicatissivia.
(27)
[Elegans group].
H. A syzygy in the radial axillary
a. Cirri very stout, the joints about as broad as long; there are no dorsal spines,
but the penultimate joint bears a strong opposing spine; second radials visic.
d.
ble (11
arms
I.
in the type)
ANTEDON MULTICOLOR,
(28)
new
A. rubroflava.
species.
di.sk, bearing 15 cirri in a single marginal row;

long
with
about 35 short joints, of which the sixth
these are 20
and seventh are squarish, the others wider than long; the joints overlap somewhat and distally bear small dorsal spines.
First radials completely anch^doscd laterally, extending up in a
Centro-dorsal a thick
mm.
tongue-like process in each interradial area to the disk, thus widely
separating the second radials; second radials oblong, slightly over

twice as wide as high; axillaries pentagonal, slightl}- less than twice
Axillaries and second radials of each ray rounded
and widely separated from those of adjacent rays; the lower part
of the calyx bears a strong resemblance to that of Atelecriniis
IjalanoldeH. ; but the "basal ring" in the case of Antedon mvlticolor
is formed of the coalesced first radials, consequently there are only
two radials above it, whereas in Atelecrinus there are three. The
articulation between the two outer radials in Antedon midticolor is
as wide as high.
NEW UNSTALKED
NO. 1561.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
131
of such a character as to ahnost appear syzygial, and the two joints
are entirely incapable of motion on one another; but the articulation
and second radials admits of a very considerable

Judging from Dr. P. H. Carpenter's figure of
Atelecrinus halanoides, a similar condition appears to occur in that
Distichals two, resembling the two outer radials, but higher
species.
in proportion to their width; 20 arms (K) mm. in length with about 75
brachials, quadrate proximally, becoming triangular, about as high as
wide, about the tenth or eleventh. The longer edges of all the
The second
brachials are convex and ])ear a pinnule in the center.
brachial is considerably swollen on the side bearing the pinnule.
Syzygies occurs in the third brachial, again about the tenth or twelfth,
and distally at intervals of 2, sometimes 3, joints.
First pinnule short and very slender, iiexilde, with 19 joints, the
first two enormously expanded, the remainder very small and squarish; second pinnule usually more than twice its length, stiff, stout, and
rod-like, with 15-20 joints, the first two much expanded, the remainder
The length of the second pinnule is very variable even in a
elongate.
single specimen; the second pinnule on one arm may be half as long
again as that on another, or one of the second pair may be much longer
and stouter than its fellow; however, the second pinnule is alwaj^s
much longer than the first, and always stifle and spine-like, while the
The third pinnule is usually considerabl}first is weak and flexible.
smaller than the second, though similar in character, and from theiv
on the length gradualh^ diminishes to the seventh or eighth, after
which they remain very uniform to the ends of the arms. The
enlargement of the two lower joints, which is greath^ exaggerated on
the first pinnule, is much less marked on the second, still less on the
third, and hardly noticeable after the fourth.
between the
first
dorso-ventral motion.
The color in life is usually a delicate light graj'ish purple, or lavender,

with narrow bands of dull yellow on the arms; one specimen, however,
is pure white, the arms crossed by a broad, deep purple band near the
middle and another near the tip. The cirri are light lavender, usually
with a narrow band of yellow about the end of each joint.
This small group, of which A. )ni(ltir(>h>r\s the type, illustrates better
than any other with which I am acquainted in life the utter worthlessness of color as a specific character
crinoids.
among many
of the unstalked
my specimens were lavender, narrowl}^ banded

is the color of all my examples of A. Jiavopur-
All but one of
with dull yellow; this
furea except three, which are a beautiful orange yellow, becoming

bright orange on the rays and centro-dorsal; it is also the color of
A. dellmtissiiiia of the Palmata group, most closely related to A.
limaculata Carpenter, which is dark purple up to the last axillar}^ then
white; but this last type of coloration also occurs in ^1. manca { A.
disciforinis A. elarx), a species widely difl'erent from A. hmiaculata
132
and usually dull white, spotted more or
less thickly
reddish purple, resembling some color phases of
î.
vol. xxxiii.
with grayish or
diomedege,.
One
specimen of A. multicolor is white, with purple bands, almost exactly

like the type of A. callwta.
A. ersicolor, which is most nearly allied
to A. laulticoloT^ is reddish brown, resembling species of the A. palmata
group, but quite different from any known form of coloration in its
own group. A. propiiiqita, also, which is reddish brown marbled with
white, is quite different from any others in the group.
Ty2)e.C?it. No. 22610, U.S.N.M.; ivom AJhatros>< station No. 4894;
32^ 33' 00" north latitude, 128 32' 10" east longitude (Eastern Sea);
95 fathoms; August
2.
9,
1906.
ANTEDON VERSICOLOR,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal a low disk, bearing 20-25 marginal

moderatel}" stout, 23
mm.
long,
composed of 45
overlapping somewhat, and bearing spines
cirri; these
are
short, squarish joints,
distally.
First radials visible as triangles in the interradial areas, the distal
apices
much produced;
the sutures between the
tinctly \'isible; second radials oblong,
wide as high, bluntly carinate,
in
first radials
apposition basally, free distally;
axillaries widely pentagonal, twice as
wide
as high, bluntly carinate
in their posterior half, wide!}' separated; distichals like the

radials, but rather
are dis-
between three and four times as
higher in proportion.
Twenty arms
9(
two outer
mm.
long
with 130 brachials, the first 5 irregularl}" oblong, then quadrate to the
twelfth, after which they become triangular, about as high as wide,
the long outer side convex and bearing the pinnule at its distal apex;
brachials strongly overlapping, slightly compressed and slightly carinate; first syzj'gy in the third brachial, another about the eighteenth,
and others distally at intervals of one, two, or three joints.
First pituiule about 7 nuu. long, slender, delicate, and flexible, with
30 joints, the first enormously" expanded, the second very broad and
trapezoidal, the others very small and square; second pinnule 10 nnu.
long, stiff' and spinelike, with 25 joints, the first two much enlarged,
the remainder elongated; third pinnule 13 nun. long, resembling the
second, but with the joints more elongate; fourth similar, but slightly
shorter; the following pinnules decrease in length to about the ninth,
which is 7 mm. long with 15 joints, the first two broad, the others
elongated, after which there is a slight increase in length distally; the
distal expansion of the first joint is marked on all the pinnules, but
less so distally; on most of the pinnules after the fifth it rises into a
low tubercle.
Color in life rich, deep purplish brown, the basal portion of the
arms with a row of lateral 3"ellow spots; rays yellow, transversely
banded with purplish brown; cirri purplish brown, with the distal
half yellow; disk purplish brown, marbled with yellow in the interambulacral areas.
NEW UNSTALKED
NO. 1561.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
133
Type.Q?it. No. 22620, U.S.N.M.; from Alhatrosi^ station No. 4884;

32 32' 00" north latitude, 129 30' 45" east longitude (Eastern Sea);
53 fathoms; August
8,
1906.
ANTEDON PROPINQUA,
3.
new
species.
Centro-dorsal discoidal. bearing 25 marginal cirri in two alternate

rows; cirri 25 mm. long, moderately slender, with 45 joints, the basal
half of which are rather longer than wide, the distal half bearing-
strong dorsal spines.

First radials visible as a low interradial triangle with no apparent
median suture; second radials low and wide, their lateral edges produced into tlangelike marginal processes which meet those of the
adjacent second radials, so that the second radials are
all in
apposition
for their entire length; axillaries pentagonal, with the lateral edges
produced, but entirely free; the two distichals resemble the two distal
radials, but their sides are rounded without lateral processes, and
they are proportionately higher. Twenty arms, 70 nmi. long, with
about 120 joints, of which the basal 3 are roughly oblong, then
quadrate to the tenth or eleventh, then triangular, about as long as
wide; the long sides of all are convex, bearing the pinnule at the
distal apex.
The
pinnule is very small, delicate, and flexible, with 2i joints,

enoi-mously eidarged, the second less than half as large, the
remainder very small and squarish; the second pinnule is much longer
the
first
lirst
and stouter,
stiff
and
rod-like, with
about 15
broad, the second sijuarish, the remainder
pinnule
even longer and
is
stifi'er,
joints, the first short
much
and
elongated; the third
after which the pinnules gradually
decrease to about the eighth, then increase very slightly distally.

Color in life reddish and purplish brown marbled with light yellow,
the dark and the light in about equal proportions; rays and lower
brachials purple, with a
medium
line of white;
two or three areas of
white with purple spots distally on the arms.

Type. Q2it. No. 22621, U.S.N.M.; from Albatross station No. 4895;
32 33' 10" north latitude, 128 32' 10" east longitude (Eastern Sea); 95
fathoms; August 9, 1906.
4.
ANTEDON SEPARATA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal rounded-discoidal, bearing about 15 cirri in two irregular rows; these are 15 nmi. long, with 35 joints, of which about onehalf are slightly longer than
wide and the
distal two-thirds
bear dorsal
spines.
First radials narrow and band-like; second radials short, oblong;

axillaries
low and wide, pentagonal; the two last usually have the latmore or less produced and Hangelike and in apposition.
eral edges
134
vol.
xxxm.
Seven of the specimens have 10 arms only, two have 11, and one has
arms 55 mm. long, with 85 brachials, the first 5 quadrate, then
triangular about as long as wide, becoming quadrate and elongate
distal]}^; the long sides of the joints are convex, and bear the pinnules
12;
in the distal angles.
First pinnule small, slender, and delicate, the first
two
enlarged, the others small and squarish; second pinnule
joints greatly
much longer
with elongated joints, the pinnules from then on remaining very

uniform to the end of the arm, the second and third being onh^ ver}'
all longer than the succeeding.
bright
yellow, banded with purple; lower brachials
Color
purple; cirri deep purple, or purple banded with white.
Type.Cî. No. 22622, U.S.N.M.; ivom Allatross station. No. 4893;
32 32' 00" north latitude, 128 32' 50" east longitude (Eastern Sea)
slightly"
or not at
in life
106 fathoms; August

5.
9,
1906.
ANTEDON FLAVOPURPUREA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal low-hemispherical, the pole somewhat flattened, bearing about 20 marginal cirri in two irregular rows; the cirri are 15 mm.
long and have 30 rather stout joints, the first 10 slightl}^ longer than
wide, the others short;
all
the joints are slightly compressed and have
expanded and overlapping
distal edges,
and the
distal two-thirds are
provided with a dorsal spine, which becomes more prominent toward

the tip; penultimate joint and terminal claw rather small.
First i-adials just visible, not produced anteriorly; second radials
oblong, terminating laterally in a tubercle, and furnished with a strong
median keel; axillary triangular, about twice as wide as high, with a
median tubercle just forward of the center, continued backward in a
keel, corresponding with the keel on the second radial; surface of
second radial and axillar}^ rough, and furnished with a few small blunt
tubercles.
Two
articulated
distichals, the
first
irregular!}^ oblong,
furnished exteriorly with a broad lateral

flange, the axillary triangular, a low tubercle on its lower margin.
Usual]}' 20 arms of aV)Out 120 joints, the first 5 irregularly oblong,
then triangular to about the middle of the arm, about as high as wide,
slightl}' raised in the center,
then becoming quadrate; all the brachials have overlapping edges, the
lower ones furnished with a row of tine sharp teeth. A syzygy in the
third brachial, another about the fourteenth, and others at intervals
of about 4 joints.
The
first
pinnule
is
small, slender,
and
delicate, 4 nun. long,
with 15
joints, the first 2 disproportionately large, the others longer than

wide; second i)innule 6 mm. long, with 15 joints, the first 2 enlarged,
the rest elongate; the third pinnule is 7 mm. long and resembles the
The following pinnules decrease gradually in length to the
second.
seventh or eighth, which are 4.5 mm. long, with about 10 joints, then
NO. 1561.
NEW UNSTALKED
CRINOIDS CLARK.
135
gradualh" increase distal ly, where they are 6 or T mm. long, with 12-15
The pinnules from about the tenth to the twenty-fourth brachjoints.
have the first 5 or 6 joints somewhat, though not greatly, expanded.

Color in life, lavender, the arms crossed })y bands of dull yellow;
cirri yellow; lower pinnules yellow, banded at the junction of alternate joints with purple.
Other specimens are similar, but the rays
and centro-dorsal orange, the cirri purple. Another type of coloration
is: raj'^s and centro-dorsal orange, the arms clear yellow, sometimes
faintly blotched with light purple; cirri deep purple, banded with
ials
white.
Tijjje.C^L No. 22623, U.S.N.M.; ivomAlhatrcm Bi^mon, No. 1935;

80 57' 20" north latitude, 130 35' 10" east longitude (off Kagoshima
Gulf); 103 fathoms;
6.
August
16, 1906.
ANTEDON CALLISTA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal short-columnar, bearing about 30 cirri in two rows;

mm. long, slender, with about 10 joints, most of which
these are 23
are longer than wide, the lower ones very nuich so: the distal twothirds bear dorsal spines.
First radials comparatively large
from one-half
height of the second radials in the median
line,
to nearly the
whole
not produced interra-
around, the sutures almost obsolete; second

low and wide, about four times as broad as long, roughly
oblong, the edges in apposition laterally; axillaries triangular or low
pentagonal, about twice as wide as high; radials and axillaries bluntl}^
carinate; distichals (when present) 2, like the two outer radials, but
the first distichal has a broad lateral flange on its outer side.
Fifteen
arms 70 mm. long, the first two l)rachials oblong, then quadrate to the
eighth, then triangular, about as long as wide; the brachials in the
proximal half of the arm are somewhat tuberculai" syzygies in the
third l)rachial, the eighth to twelfth (usually the eighth), and distally
dially, in apposition all
radials
at intervals of 2 or 3 joints.
mm. long, very slender and delicate, the first two

expanded, the remainder short and squarish; second ]5innule 6 or 7 mm. long, with 20 joints, the first expanded, the next two
short, the remainder elongated.
The following pinnules decrease very
slightly in length as far as the basal third of the arm, then increase
very slightly distally. The expansion of the proximal pinnule joints
is not marked after the first three.
Color in life, white, a broad band of deep purple in the basal third
of the arm, and two or three narrower bands distally.
Type.OAi. No. 22624, U.S.N.M.; from Alhatr<m si-Aiion, No. 1903;
32 31' 10" north latitude, 128 33' 20" east longitude Êastern Sea);
139-107 fathoms; August 10, 1906.
First pinnule 5
joints greatly
136
7.
ANTEDON ANTHUS,
new
tol. xxxiii.
species.
Centro-dorsal long- and columnar, terminating in a truncated cone

with a shallow central crater having a coarsely papillose border and
The cirri are very regularly arranged in 10
5 low interradial ridg-es.
vertical rows, usually of 2 each; the vertical rows are in pairs, each
pair separated from its neighbors by a broad vertical line or shallow
groove, radial in position. The cirri are 20 in number, 60 mm. long,
with 80 joints of fairly uniform width, but becoming rather narrower
The first 6 or T joints bear dorsal spines; the following
distally.
joints are smooth up to about the twentieth, where spines begin again
The first 7 or 8 joints are
to develop, becoming prominent distall}'
slightly
longer
than wide to about
wider than long, then squarish or
the twentieth, then gradually becoming shorter distally.
The ends of the basal rays are just visible as small tubercles at the
base of the upper pair of cirri in each interradial area. The radials
resemble those of Antedon longicirra^ but the axillaries are shorter.
The
and first brachials are rounded, but not very convex,

and there is no central tubercle as described in A. longicirra nor
median keel as in A. macropoda. The first 7 brachials are short
and oblong, the following triangular, wider than high, after the fortieth becoming compressed and carinate and developing a forward
projecting dorsal spine. The radials and first 10 brachials have
A syzygy in
Distichals 2, like the 2 outer radials.
flattened sides.
in
eighth-fouragain
the
brachial,
the
fourth)
the third (in one case
The arms
teenth, and distally at intervals of 2-5 (usually 2) joints.
mm.
long.
in
number,
80
are 13
joints, stout basally,
First pinnule comparatively short, with
than
half as long again,
pinnule
more
point.
Second
tapering to a
slightly
shorter; the
or
the
same,
third
pinnule
about
joints;
with 12
next 2 or 3 are very slightly shorter, the length then increasing disAll the pinnules are flattened on their outer sides, with their
tally.
radials
edges sharply carinate.

Color in life, dull brownish yellow, the cirri almost white.
Type.-^C^t. No. 22625, U..S.N.M.; from Albatross station No. 4936;
Gulf); 103 fathoms; August 16, 1906.
distal
8.
ANTEDON MACROPODA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal columnar, the terminal portion conical, ending in a

Cirri about 15 in number,
rosette of 5 tubercles, radiall}" situated.
somewhat longer than the arms, 100 mm.

very close
together,
not separated
ofl'
in length, situated in
into
pairs,
as in
10 rows
Antedon
anthus^ one, sometimes two, in each row; cirri with 100-120 joints,
those in the proximal half but slightly, if any, longer than wide, those
NEW UNSTALKED
NO. 1561.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
137
in the distal half short; the cirri are broadest in the distal third; terminal claw very small; there are no dorsal spines on the proximal
joints, and the distal dorsal spines are not so prominent as in
A. anthus.
more or
Basals visible as a
less
prominent interradial tubercle.
First radials short; second i-adials rather large; axillaries triangular
or pentagonal, rather low; the radials are carinate, usually rather

strongly; distichals (when present) 2, resembling the two outer radials,
but rather higher
mm.
95
long, of
Ten
proportion to their width.
in
more than 100
joints, at first
to twelve arms,
oblong, rather short,
becoming triangular, wider than long after about the ninth, and about
the middle of the arm becoming laterally compressed and developing
strong forward-projecting median spines. The last four or five joints
are very short, high, and compressed, bear no pinnules, and are strongly
curved inward, giving the appearance of the arm having been broken
off at the tip, as the distal pinnules exceed the arm joints by 3 or 1 mm.
A syzygy in the third brachial, another in the ninth-eleventh, and
others distally at intervals of 1 or 5 joints.
The pinnules are styliform and very
stiff,
pinnule consists of 13 joints, and

shorter than the second, which consi.sts of
the
first
is
like those of ^1. onthu!^;
when at all,
The remaining pinnules
only slightly,
10.
are very uniform in length, and have about 15 joints;
all
are strongly
carinate.
Color in
life light
brownish-yellow, cirri white.
Type. C^t. No.
22626, U.S.N.M.; from Albatross station No. 4935;

August
Gulf); 103 fathoms;
16, 1906.
ANTEDON HANA,"
g.
new
species.
Centro-dorsal small, hemispherical, divided by 5 interradial lines

into trapezoidal areas, each with 2
in all.
Cirri 45
mm.
rows of
long, slender and
cirri of 2 each,
making 20
much compressed, with 65-75
short joints, basally slightl}^ longer than wid(\ becoming wider than
long after about the twenty-fifth, the joints distally developing sharp
dorsal spines.
First radials crescentic, ver}^ narrow, with a fringe of teeth along
the superior liorder; second radials narrow, very deeply incised by the
and furnished with teeth along their entire edge; axillaries

median keel in the posterior half.
Ten arms, 60 mm. long, with about 100 joints, the first 8 roughl}^
oblong with strong lateral processes and a blunt median keel, overlapping in a short spine anteriorly, the succeeding joints quadrate, much
compressed, with a shai'p median keel and long overlapping spine.
axillaries,
slightly wider than long, with a high
From
the Japanese word hana, signifying flower.
138
First pinnule the longest, about 5

joints, the first
much expanded;
to the lifth, after
much more
The radials,
mm.
long with 8-10 stout squarish
following pinnules decrease in length
which they gradually increase
slender, reaching a length of 8

first 3
vol. xxxiii.
mm.
or 1 brachials (including the
distally,
becoming
with 15-18
first
joints.
two pinnules), are
flattened laterally.
Color in
life
bright yellow, sometimes banded with white; cirri
white, with a few narrow bands of yellow.

2}/j>d. Cat. No. 22632, U.S.N.M.; from Albatross station No. 4903;
139-107 fathoms; August 10, 1906.

lo.
ANTEDON VILLOSA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal bluntly conical, the cirri arranged in 15 vertical rows,

making 10-15 in all;
3 in each interradius, 2 or 3 cirri in each row,
the cirri about the basal part of the centro-dorsal are 33 mm. long
with 50 joints, the fourth-eleventh longer than wide, the remainder
rather short; all but the basal 6 or 7 bear dorsal spines, which become
more prominent distally; the apical cirri are usually somewhat shorter
and stouter, with 30-40 joints; the bare apical portion of the centrodorsal has 5 interradial ridges, and is thickly covered with fine hair-like
spines.
The
basals are visible as small tubercles at the angles of the calyx;
first radials just visible,
very narrow and crescentic; second radials
short, about three times as wide as high; axillaries widely pentagonal,
and wider than high. Ten (in one example eleven, bidistichate) arms
95 mm. long, with 90-110 joints, the first 10 oblong, then quadrate,
becoming more elongate distall}-; a syzj^gy in the third brachial,
another about the sixteenth or eighteenth, and others distally at intervals of 4-8 joints.
First pinnule 10
mm.
long, very stout, with 20 short joints, tapering
gradually from the base to the
tip, and flattened on the outer side;

second pinnule 7 mm. long, with 15 joints, much more slender than the
first; the following pinnules about 6 mm. long, with 13 or 14 joints;
distal pinnules 14 mm. long, stout, carinate, with about 22 joints, the
basal half of which are squarish, the rest elongate; pinnule ambulacra
plated.
The radials and 4 or 5 lower brachials are thickly set with
fine hair-like spines; pinnule joints strongly overlapping and with the
distal edges set with spines; arm joints with both the proximal and
edges turned outward and furnished with spines.

Color in life bright yellow, the centro-dorsal, radials, and lower
4 or 5 brachials dark greenish; cirri jêllow.
Type.Q^X. No. 22630, U.S.N.M.; from Alhatross station No. 4780;
52^ 01' 00" north latitude, 174" 39' 00" east longitude (western Bering
distal
Sea); 1,046 fathoms;
June
7,
1906.
NEW VNSTALKED
II.
CRIXOIDS CLARK.
ANTEDON PUBESCENS,
new
139
species.
Centro-dorsal rather small, blimtl}- conical, with 10 vertical rows of

cirrus sockets, usually 8 in a row; cirri 25 to 30 in number, slender,
30
mm.
long, with 50 to 55 joints, the basal 10 or 12 longer than wide,
distalh" developing rather
Basals and
low dorsal spines.
first radials just visible
in the angles of the cal3"x, the
former as small tubercles; second i-adials short and band-like, sharply

carinate, with raised and serrate edges; axillaries low and wide, a
sharp keel in the posterior
half.
Ten arms, 80 mm.
long, the first 6
or 7 brachials oblong, the rest quadrate, becoming elongate distally;
syzygies in the third l)rachials, again about the fourteenth, and

at intervals of 2, 3, or 4 joints.
distall}^
First pinnule 7 mm. long, with 21 or more short joints, the basal 4
or 5 of which are produced dorsally into a broad thin keel; all the
joints have their edges armed with bunches of very fine spines; second
pinnule 5 mm. long, with 10 joints, the basal 3 or 4 of which have a
thin dorsal keel which, however,
first
pinnule;
laterally;
the
first
is not nearly so wide as that on the

and second pinnules are somewhat flattened
the three following pinnules are in general similar to the
second, but
more
slender; the next 3 or
-l
pairs have the third to
sixth joints laterally expanded, covering the genital glands, after which
the pinnules become slender and
more elongated, reaching
a length
of 8 nun. with 15 joints.
The
and lower brachials are covered with numerous and

which become less apparent after about
the tenth brachial, after which the joints develop an overlapping
border of very fine teeth, and longitudinal striations, which last, on
the distal brachials, become more pronounced, and break up on the
radials
thick-set very fine spines,
outer portion of the joints into numerous fine spines.

Color in life, light yellow.
Ti/jje.Csit No. 22631, U.S.N.M.; from .1M./?'/yav.v station No. 4919;
12.
ANTEDON HEPBURNIANA/'
new
species.
Centro-dorsal low-hemispherical with a rough dorsal pole, but

without interradial processes, bearing about 10 marginal cirri; these
are 7
joints
mm.
long, usually in a single row, and consist of about 10 stout
which do not develop a dorsal
spine.
Basals visible as interradial tubercles.

First radials short and band-like, with curved borders, the lateral
edges raised into a blunt tubercle; second radials longer, about four
a I take great pleasure in dedicating this species to Lieut.
U.
S. N., to
whom
is
largely
Albatross in the north Pacific.
Arthur J.Hepburn,
due the success attending the recent cruise of the
140
vol. xxxiii.
times as wide as high, and bluntly carinate; axillaries low and wide,
about three times as wide as high, with a blunt median keel; the
radials
mm.
and
first
4 or 5 brachials have wall-like sides.
Ten arms, 45
median keel, becoming quadrate after the hftli, and more elongate toward the end of the
arms; a syzygy in the third brachial, another about the tenth, and
long, the tirst brachials oblong with a blunt
distall}' at intervals of 3
mm.
First pinnule 2.5
or 4 joints.
long, with 10 to 13 short joints, the first 4 or 5
consideral)ly wider than the others; the pinnule on the third brachial
is
but slightly shorter, with the basal joints not so
similar,
enlarged; the second pinnule (fourth brachial)

joints, of
which the third and fourth are
is
mm.
much
long, with 6
laterally greatl}'
expanded;
the next 5 pinnules are similar, with 6 or 7 joints, and usualh" the
third and fourth, sometimes the third, fourth, and fifth, greatly
expanded laterally; distally the pinnules l)ecome uniformly tapering
and slender, reaching 3.5 mm. in length, with about a dozen joints
little longer than wide.
Color in life, bright 3'ellow.
Type. Cat. No. 22635, U.S.N.M.; from Alhafross station No. 4890;
32" 2C' 30" north latitude, 128^ 36' 30" east longitude (Eastern Sea);
This species is related to Antedon incisa Carpenter, but differs
markedly in the character of the pinnules and cirri, and in the
arrangement of the latter on the centro-dorsal.
but
13.
ANTEDON LATA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal a thick disk, bearing about 20 rol)ust cirri in two

marginal rows; the cirri are 21 mm. long and have 15 short and stout
joints, of which the sixth and seventh are the longest, and are slightly
longer than wide; the distal joints do not bear spines, but oxerlap
somewhat
dorsally.
First radials concealed; second radials and axillaries short and wide,
the edges crenulate, a large blunt tubercle occupying the center of

each, with several other smaller bhuit tubercles about the edges; the
radials
and
first 5
or 6 brachials are wall-sided and in close apposition.
Ten arms, 115 mm,
in length, the first two brachials very irreg'ularly

oblong with large median tubercles and crenulated edges; the third
brachial is more regularly ol)long, the hypozygal with a row of 4 or 5
small blunt tubercles; the following 7 brachials are irregularly quadrate, their surfaces uneven, but not tubercular; after the tenth the
brachials become triangular, slightly wider than high, the edges overlapping somewhat, this condition l)ecoming more prominent distally,
where the joints become again quadrate; S3^zygies in the third brachials, again about the twelfth, and distall}^ at intervals of 7 to 10
joints.
NEW UNSTALKED
NO. 1561.
The
first
pinnules are 10
about 10 short
mm.
CRIXOIDS CLARK.
long-,
joints, the basal 8 or
141
comparatively slender, with
10 flattened exteriorly and rather
broad; the pinnule tapers rather gradually from the base to the tip;
the second pinnule
joints, of
is
much
which the proximal
shorter than the

8 or 9 are
third pinnule like the second, but
tirst
and has about 23
much expanded
somewhat
laterally; the
shorter, the C basal joints
even more expanded, reaching a maximum on the third or fourth,

then tapering toward the tip; following pinnules to the fiftieth brachial similar, but the number of joints increasing from 12 on the
fourth pinnule (eighth brachial) to 20 on the pinnule on the fiftieth
brachial; as the great lateral ex])ansion is always confined to the first
6 joints (reaching a maximum on the third or fourth, then gradually
decreasing to the sixth, which, distally, is of normal diameter) it
necessarily follows that the expanded joints covering the genital
glands progressivel}' occupy less and less of the pinnule; while in the
lower they take up most of its length* in that on the fiftieth brachial
they occupy barely the proximal thii'd; distally the pinnules are 11
mm. long, slender, with about 20 elongated joints. The ambulacra
are well plated.
Color in
life,
3'ellowish })rown.
Type. Cat. No. 22028, U.S.N.M.; from Albatross station No. 1918;
30^ 22' 00" north latitude, 129^^ 08' 30" east longitude (Eastern Sea);

14.
ANTEDON SCALARIS,
new
species.
Centi'o-dorsal short-columnar, terminating in a stellate figure with
rounded angles and elevated center, bearing about its edges numerous
small knoblike tubercles, one at the base of each of the apical cirri.
Cirri stout, 20 mm. long, with 16 joints, about 20 in number, irregularly situated in two or three rows, with all of the joints longer than
wide, not bearing dorsal spines.
First radials concealed; second radials hemispherical, the curved side
down; axillary with the proximal border well rounded, almost a

semicircle; the last two joints have their lateral and posterior borders
produced into a thin flange; on one of the rays in the type there is a
fourth radial, a little more than half the size of the second, interpolated between the second radial and the axillary.
Ten arms 110 mm.
long, the first two brachials short, their lateral edges produced, the
following to the eighth irregularly quadrate, then triangular, as long
or rather longer than wide, becoming quadrate at the tips of the arms;
a
syzygy
in
the third brachial, another in the eighth-eleventh, and dis-
tally at intervals of 2 or 3 joints.
First pinnule 7 mm. long, slender, tapering, and almost flagellate,

with 22 squarish joints; second pinnule shorter with 15 joints, the first
7 short and broad, the others very small; following pinnules to the
rilOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
142
vol. xxxiii.
eighth or ninth with 10 joints, of which the third-seventh are bluntly

keeled and much expanded dorso-ventrally, and bear a large genital
gland, protected with large plates; the terminal joints of these pinnules are minute, the basal not especially stout; the terminal pinnules
are 10
mm.
long, with 15 moderately elongated joints, the ambulacra
well plated.
Color
7^/^^^.
in life
yellowish brown.
Cat. No. 22629, U.S.N.M.; from Alhatross
station
No.
4918; 30 22' 00" north latitude, 129 08' 30" east longitude (Eastern
Sea); 361 fathoms; August 13, 1906.
15.
ANTEDON GARRETTIANA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal subconical, Ijearing about 15 closely set cirri, roughly

divisible into 5 radial clusters, indicated by slight dorsal prolongations
of the basals; cirri 20 mm. long, with 16 joints, all somewhat longer
than wide, sharply carinate dorsally, but without dorsal spines.

Basals prominent, appearing as tubercles between (and below) the
first radials.
smooth, with a strong, rounded dorsal keel;

second radials much longer, between two and three times as wide as
high, also with a strong rounded median keel; axillaries widely pentagonal, about twice as wide as high, with a rounded keel extending
from the base to the apex of the pentagon; radials and first 3 brachials
Eleven
in close contact all around, and with sharply flattened sides.
discoidal,
the
first
with
9
brachials
first
arms, 65 mm. long, bidistichate;
First radials short,
a strong rounded keel, which soon becomes inconspicuous and disappears altogether on the eighth; succeeding brachials quadrate, becom-
ing elongate toward the end of the arms; a syzygy in the third brachial,
another about the thirteenth, and distally at intervals of 6-10 joints.
mm. long, with 20 nearly square

others, which taper regularly
the
wider
than
joints, the first but
gradually
decrease in length to about
pinnules
following
to a point; the
pinnule, then increase
short
very
which
has
a
brachial,
the seventeenth
moderately slender,
mm.
long,
pinnules
are
6
the
again distally, whore
First pinnule slightly the longest, 6
little
with 15 joints.
dull yellowish white.
No.
Tyj)e.Q?it.
22633, U.S.N.M.; ivom Alhatross station No. 4894;
32 33' 00" north latitude, 128 32' 10" east longitude (Eastern Sea);
This species comes nearest to A. acideaia Carpenter, from which,
however, it is readily distinguished by the presence of prominent
basals, the much greater proportionate length of the radials, and the
obsolete and faintly indicated carination of the lower brachials.
Color in
For the
officer of
life,
late Lieut. -Commander
Leroy M. Garrett, U.
the Albatross during the recent cruise.
S.
N., the
commanding
NEW UNSTALKED CRINOWS CLARK.
NO. 1561.
i6.
ANTEDON ORION,
new
143
species.
Centro-dorsal a tliick disk, bearing- 9-25 (usually about 12-15)

cirri, irregularly disposed in one or two rows about the marThe cirri are 20 mm. long, with 15-25 joints, the distal bearing
gin.
smooth
low spines. The cirri are of peculiar shape; the tirst 5-7 joints are
large and stout, rounded, the first 3 very short and wide, the others
longer than wide; the remaining- joints are conspicuously less in diameter, compressed, and short; moreover, the stout basal joints are dull
greenish in color, and have a dull surface; the slender distal joints are
light yellow in color, with a highly polished surface; the transition
takes place on a joint shaped like a truncated cone, the distal portion
encircled b}^ a raised and highly polished collar; this joint is usually
darker in color than those preceding-
it,
and, like them, has a dull
surface, except for the terminal collar.
In most cases
it
is
very
conspicuous.
The disk is moderately but sometimes rather scantily plated; the

ambulacra are always well plated.
First radials usually concealed; second radials short and bandlike,
bluntly carinate, the edg-es rough; axillaries triangular or widely pentagonal, always much Vvdder than high, the surface rugose.
Distichals
two, the first very short, the axillary about as wide as high, almost
triangular.
Ten to eighteen arms, 110 mm. long; first brachials very
short and bandlike; the succeeding brachials to the tenth or twelfth
irregularly oblong or slightly quadrate, short, and slightl}" tubercular; following brachials more distinctly quadrate, soon becoming triangular, the distal edges abruptl}^ turned outward, this condition
becoming marked after the tenth, at which point projections in the
produced distal edge on alternate sides of the arm begin to appear,
which distally draw nearer and nearer in the median line, resulting,
after the thirtieth brachial, in a strong median carination, produced
distally into overlapping spines, resembling those in Anfedon (juinquecostata; after the thirtieth brachial, too, the arms, which heretofore
have been rounded dorsally become laterally compressed, the diameter
decreasing rather suddenly and the arms becoming- narrow.
,
First pinnule the longest, 6.5

joints,
somewhat
mm.
long, with 16 short scpiarish
flattened on the outer side, the basal stout, the distal
tapering gradually; second pinnule like the
first,
but slightly shorter;
following pinnules decreasing in length to about the sixth, which is

4 mm. long, with 9 joints, all rather broad except the last two; distally
the length increases graduall}" to T or 8
tapering gradually from the base.
mm., with 18 squarish
joints,
All the pinnules are strongly
carinate.
Color in
life
bright yellow, usually banded rather narrowly with
white; cirri dull greenish basally, light yellow distally, the colors
PROCEEDINGS OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
144
Some
separated by a darker band.
vol. xxxiii.
specimens, more often the larger

arms bright jêllow.
ones, are grayish, the distal portion of the
Type. Cît. No. 22627, U.S.N.M.; from Albatross station No. 4934;
30" 58' 30" north latitude, 130 32' 00". east longitude (Eastern Sea);
152-103 fathoms; August
17.
16, 1906.
ANTEDON MINOR,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal conical, rather long, with 30-40 cirri 15 mm. long

joints, the basal half of which are longer than wide, the
with 40-45
terminal third with a very slight dorsal spine.
The pinnule ambulacra are not

Three radials
plated.
visible; the first crescentic
and furnished with several
large blunt teeth in the middle of the distal edge; the second wide,
low, irregularly oblong, furnished laterall}' with several large blunt
teeth, often interlocking with those
row
on the neighboring brachials, and
of large blunt teeth on the distal edge; axillaries high, produced
Ten arms 50 mm. long;
anteriorly into a sharp angle.
irregular in shape with a

incised
much longer outer than
first
brachial
inner edge, and
by the backward projection of the second brachial, which
irregularly
quadrate;
third
to
fifth
brachials
brachials quadrate, about as wide as high,
oblong;
is
following
becoming elongate
later.
First pinnule with 8 or 10 elongated joints, considerably longer and
stouter than
its
successors, which decrease in length to about the fifth,
then gradually increase

12 joints, the
first
distall}^, A\''here
they are about 6
mm.
long with
2 expanded and trapezoidal, the others elongated
and slender.
Color in life light yellow.
Type. Cat. No. 22638 U.S.N.M.; from Albatross
station.
33 35' 20" north latitude, 135 10' 50" east longitude
(off
No. 4965;
southern
Japan); 191 fathoms; August 28, 1906.

This species is nearest to Antedon pusUla Carpenter, but it differs
in the much more numerous cirri, which are longer and more slender
with a much greater number of joints, in the character of the centrodorsal, which is conical and usually rather long instead of low-hemispherical,
and in the aspect of the

18.
radials,
ANTEDON DIADEMA,
which are markedly longer.

new
species.
Centro-dorsal long and columnar, the tip conical, bearing about 20

slender cirri in 10 rows of 2 each, those of one
row
tion with those of the adjacent rows; cirri 25

joints, the basal half elongate, the distal short
alternating in posi-
mm.
long with 50-56

with prominent dorsal
spines.
Basals just visible as small interradial tubercles.
Radials rather long, the
first
and second about the same
size,
the
axillary widely pentagonal, broader than high, the axillary and second
NEW UXSTALKED
NO. 1561.
('RINOII)S CLARK.
145
and sharp median keel; distichals two, like the two

and with a prominent keel; 11 to 18 arms, 80 nnn. long
radial with a high
outer
radial.s,
longer than the
(onl\' one-iifth
carinate and compressed, the

basal third,
the
cirri),
rather long, then becoming quadrate;
all
first
8 brachials
oblong,
the brachials are stionglj
arms becoming very narrow after the
where the brachials begin
to develop overlapping dorsal
spines.
First pinnule considerably the largest, with 8 or 10 elongated joints;
the following pinnules decrease in length to the fifth or sixth, then

increase again slowly distally.
Color in
life
bright yellow.
Type.OAi. No. 22637, U.S.N.M.; ivom Alhatross station. No. 4931;

30 58' 30" north latitude, 130" 32' 00" east longitude (off Kagoshima
Gulf); 152-103 fathoms; August 16, 1006.
ig.
ANTEDON ASTER,
new
species.
This species is nearest to Antedon qumqweostata Carpenter {=A.

conifera Hartlaub), of which I have 7 Japanese examples for comparison; but the cirri are shorter and proportionately stouter, with 35^0
joints, the radials and brachials are rounded and not compressed, the
former with their edges armed with fine teeth, the distal brachials
strongly overlapping, the distal half as well as the distal edge of each
joint beset with
numerous
fine teeth.
Color in life bright yellow.

Ty2ê.C^t. No. 22636, U.S.N.M.; ivom AJhatross station, No. 5088;
35 11' 25" north latitude, 139 28' 20" east longitude (Sagami Bay,
southern Japan); 369-105 fathoms; Octo])er 25. 1906.
20.
ANTEDON ALBOFLAVA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal hemispherical or bluntly conical, bearing about 15

cirri; cirri 20 mm. long with 30 short joints, only a very few of which
are longer than wide, the sixth and following with sharp dorsal spines.
First radials visible as paired interradial tubercles, sometimes as
a very narrow band below the second radials; second radials short,
deeply incised by the axillaries, strongly carinate; axillaries over twice
as wide as high, with a pronounced
65
mm.
median
keel.
Thirteen to 15 arms,
long, of about 110 joints; first 8 or 9 brachials oblong, then
triangular, about as long as wide, the distal brachials overlapping; a
pronounced median keel on the first two brachials; distichals two,

resembling the two outer radials and, like them, strongly carinate.
First pinnule 6 mm. long with 12 squarish joints, flattened exteriorly;
following pinnules successively shorter to the fifth or sixth, which is
mm.
long with 7 short joints, then becoming gradually longer again

where the pinnules are 8 mm. long with 17 or 18 rather short
distally,
joints.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxiii 07
10*
146
Color in
life light
Type.Cat No.
yellow, banded with white; cirri white.
2263-1:,
U.S.N.M.; from
AlIxffroKs station,
40" north latitude, 130 37' 30" east longitude

Gulf); 103 fathoms; August 16, 1906.
30
vol. xxxni.
54'
21.
ANTEDON RUBER,
new
(off
No. 4936;
Kagoshima
species.
Centro-dorsal low, bearing about 30 cirri in 1.5 vertical rows; cirri

mm. long with about 30 Joints, the first 8 longer than wide, the
others short, sharplj' carinate distally, but without distinct dorsal
11
spines.
narrow and crescentic, in apposition laterally second

about twice as wide as high, oblong; axillaries pentagonal,
nearly as high as wide. Ten arms 35 mm. long, the first five brachials
nearly oblong, then quadrate, becoming elongated toward the ends of
the arms; syzygies in the third, and seventh-tenth brachials, and
about every other joint distalh^
First pinnule on second brachial, 4 mm. long, with 13 joints, the
distal ends raised and serrate or spinous; the third brachial has no pinnule, the second, third, and fourth pinnules are of the same character
as the first, but gradually decrease in length; distal pinnules 6 mm.
long with about 12 joints, slighth' expanded at their junctions.
The disk of this species is well plated in the areas between the arms;
the anal tube is about three times the diameter of the disk in length,
reaching to the fifteenth brachial.
Color in life salmon red, the pinnules yellow, the cirri white.
Type. Ocit. No. 22643, U.S.N.M.; from .l/Zâ/mw station, No. 4894;
32 33' 00" north latitude, 128 32' 10" east longitude (Korean Straits);
First radials
radials
22.
ANTEDON DIOMEDEiE,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal small, rounded-conical (rarely long conical) bearing

30-40 slender cirri in 15 closel}' set vertical rows; cirri 30 mm. long,
slender, with about 40 joints, the basal half elongate, the distal short,
developing strong dorsal spines.

First radials oblong, about twice as wide as high, in apposition all
around; second radials similar, but rather higher, and well separated;
axillaries about as wide as high, with an extravagantly elongated conTen
ical tubercle on the junction of the second radial and axillar}-.
irregularly
about
joints,
at
first
70
arms, 70 mm. in length, with
oblong, then quadrate, becoming elongate distally; there is another
long tubercle on the junction of the first two brachials. Syzygies
occur
in the third, eighth,
and twelfth
brachials,
and
distally at inter-
vals of 3 joints.
The
third brachial bears no pinnule;
brachial
is
mm.
the pinnule on the second
long, moderatel3^ stout, with about 12 joints, roughl}^
NEW VNSTALKED
NO. 1561.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
147
twice as lono- as wide; the pinnule on the fourth brachial (second pinnule)
rarel}^
distal
similar, and a))out the same size, usuall}- slightly shorter,

somewhat longer: the next few pinnules decrease in lengtii, the
pinnules becoming longer again and very slender, with al)out 20
is
elongated joints.
Color
in life rich
reddish purple, spotted and blotched with white;
the radials and lower brachials are white, the tubercles purple, the
radials with
nearly
narrow purple transverse
Younger examples are
purple.
lines; cirri white,
white.
all
Type.OAi. No. 22640, U.S.N.M.; irom

31'- 28'
banded with
lighter in color, very small ones being

Alhatro.ss station No. 4947;
20" north latitude; 130 35' 30" east longitude
shore of Nipon); 51 fathoms; August 20,
ANTEDON TIGRINA,
23.
(oft'
the southern
lt>06.
new
species.
Centro-dorsal discoidal, much smaller than the disk, bearing 25-30

marginal cirri in a single irregular row; the cirri are 10 mm. long, with
about 20 short joints, of which the distal half bear small paired spines,
which )>ecome single near the tip.
First radials concealed, or barel}" visible; second radials over twice
as wide as high, oblong, well separated laterally; axillaries pentagonal,
alow, rounded tubercle at the junction of the axillary and second radial.
Ten arms, reaching 50 mm. in length in the largest specimen; first 6
brachials oblong (except the third, which is almost square) about twice
as wide as high; the next two or three quadrate, the following trian-
becoming quadrate and elongate distal!}^ distal edges of brachials

and turned outward and slightly backward; syzygies
and twefth brachials, and distally at intervals of
third,
eighth,
the
gular,
finely serrate,
in
4-9
joints.
First pinnule (on second brachial) about 5
13 joints, the
first 3
mm.
long, slender, with
or 4 squarish, the others longer than wide; the
third brachial has no pinnule; second pinnule (on fourth brachial)
about 10
mm.
long, with 20 joints, the first 2 about as long as wide,
the others elongated; following 3 or 4 pinnules decrease rapidl}' in
length; the distal pinnules are 9 or 10
mm.
long, slender, with 20-25
the lower pinnules are

with finely serrate margins; the first 5 or
joints, not greatly elongated; the joints of
slightly
(5
expanded
distall}
pairs of pinnules are very
Color
(in spirits)
stilf.
whitish, the brachials broadly edged with deep red-
brown; radials and first 6 or 7 brachials purple, with a median

band of white; lower pinnules white, purple, or banded, the distal pinnules usually purplish or reddish brown; cirri light purplish.
Type.
(Silt. No. 22642, U.S.N.M.;? Kagoshima
Bay, Japan; the
19 specimens of this species were obtained by the United States North
dish
148
vol. xxiiii.
under Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. Navy,

and are labeled "Kagoshinia Bay;" but there appears to be some
doubt as to whether they really were obtained there."
Pacific Explorino- Expedition,
24.
ANTEDON BOWERSI
''
new
species.
Centro-dorsal conical, bearing about 80 cirri in 15 closely set vertical

rows; the cirri are 13 mm. in length, with 30 joints, of which only
about the first 7 are longer than wide; the distal joints do not bear
spines.
First radials just visible, in apposition all around; second radials
oblong, short, and wide, well separated; axiliaries pentagonal, wdder

Ten arms, 40 mm. long, the first 5 brachials oblong,
than high.
then
quadrate, becoming elongate distally; syzygies
the
in
third,
eighth, and twelfth brachials, and distally at intervals of 1 or 2 joints.
mm.
with
10 elongated joints; second pinnule (on fourth brachial) similar, but
shorter, and rather less stout; following pinnules more slender, and
increasing in length to about 6.5 mm., with 15 joints, the first 2
First pinnule (on second brachial) the largest, 4
long,
stiff,
expanded and trapezoidal, the others elongated.

Color in life brownish yellow, the skeleton and cirri nearly white.
Type. Cat No. 22611,^ U.S.N.M.; from A/hatros^ station No. 4931;
30'^ 58'
30" north latitude; 130- 32' 00" east longitude
Gulf); 152-103 fathoms;

25.
August
ANTEDON
(off
Kagoshima
16, 1906.
ABBOTTI,' new
species.
Centro-dorsal saucer-shaped, with 15 marginal cirri; theseare23 nun.

long, stout, with 40-45 short joints, the distal bearing a small, low
tubercle dorsally.
First radials just visible, the distal corners free; second radials
about twice as wide as long, bearing distally on the lateral edges small
tubercules; axiliaries pentagonal, rather long, also with lateral
tubercles; distichals 2, like the outer radials, but first distichals in
apposition for almost their entire length; the distichals and the first
Twenty
brachials have lateral tu])ercules; no further arm division.
arms 100 mm. long, the first S or 9 brachials ol)long, then quadrate,
soon becoming triangular, a])out as wide as high; a S3^z3'gy in the third
brachial; in the arms having an additional syzygy it is in the fort}'first (twice),
forty-second, forty-fourth, forty-seventh, fifty-fourth,
and ninetieth brachials, respectively.

The disk is very deeply incised.
"
eral
Since the description of Aniedon tigrina was put in type I have examined sev-
specimens of the species taken in Sagami Bay in
litOO,
so I
have no doubt that
the originals really did come from Japan.
For the Hon. George M. Bowers, the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries.
W. L. Abbott, to whom we are indebted for much of our knowledge
regarding the fauna of the Indo-Malayan region.
''
'"For Dr.
NEW UNSTALKED
NO. 1561.
First pinnule 5
mm.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
long, with 20 squarish joints, tapering evenly
from the base; second pinnule 12 mm. long, veiy

joints;
149
stout, with 20 short
following pinnules rather smaller than the
tirst,
becoming
elongate distally.
Color
(in spirits)
dark purplish brown,
cirri
and second pair of
pinnules lighter and yellowish.
No. 22644, U.S.N.M.; froiu Pulo Taya, China Sea;

18!!>, by Dr. W. L. Al)bott.
Ti/jx'. Cut.
obtained in July,
26.
ANTEDON STYLIFER,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal hemispherical, bare at the pole, with 30 cirri; cirri

20 mm. long, with 30 joiuts, very slightly longer than wide, remarkably uniform in size; there are no dorsal nor opposing spines.
First radials just visible; the second short, in close contpct laterally,
and less than half the height of the irregularl}- rhombic axillary; tirst
distichal oblong, a))Out two and one-half times as wide as high, the axillaiy triangular, about half as high as wide; the junction between the
2 outer radials
and the 2 distichals is elevated into a low tubercle; the

and first brachials are in close contact laterally.
radials, distichals,
Nineteen arms TO mm. long, with about 150 joints, the first 8 ol)long,
then triangular (much wider than high) to the fortieth brachial, after
which they become irregularl}' oblong; s3"Z3'gies in the third brachials,
again about the twelfth, and distally at intervals of about 4 joints; the
lower brachials are slightly tubercular,

slightl}' overlapping edges.
tuid all the
brachials have
First piniuilo 8 mm. long, rather slender, with 10 moderately elongated joints; second pinnule 11 mm. long, with 17 joints, stouter than
the first; third pinnule 15 mm. long, stout, stiti", and rigid, with 16
long cj^lindrical joints; this pinnule is much stouter and stiti'er than
any of the others; fourth pinnule 10 mm. long, fifth 7 mm. long; distal
pinnules 8 mm. long, with about 20 joints, tapering gradually from the
base to the point.
Color in life purple, the skeleton and cirri light brownish yellow.
Ti/pe. Cat. No. 22645, U.S.N.M.; from Alhairos.^ station No.

4929; 30^ 12' 30" north latitude, 130 43' 00" east longitude (Eastern
Sea); 84 fathoms;
27.
August
15, 1906.
ANTEDON DELICATISSIMA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal low-hemispherical, a large area at the pole bare,

bearing about 30 marginal cirri; these are 30 mm. long, with 40 joints,
much elongated basally, short distally, none of them bearing dorsal
spines.
150
Disk naked, deeply

others, the
incised, the anal tube greatly elongated (9
the anal interambulacrum being
in length),
mouth
vol. xxxiii.
much
mm,
larger than the
subcentral.
First radials concealed; second radials short, in lateral contact for
the basal half; axillaries low-pentagonal, well separated
laterall}^;
developed on the
2,
only),
resemljling
the
two
outer radials, but
of
the
rays
outer side
the
width.
Twenty-eight
arms
in
proportion
to
70 mm. long,
longer
the first 10 brachials ol)long, then short-quadrate, becoming oblong
again distally; syz\'gies in the third (sometimes the second) l)ra
chials, again about the fourteenth to twentieth, and distally at intervals of 3-5 joints.
distichals and palmars
articulated (the latter
First pinnule short, 5 nun. in length, with 15 short joints; second
pinnule longer; third pinnule
about 20
much
becoming long and slender
mm. long, with

succeeding pinnules short,
the longest, 11
elongated cylindrical joints;

distall^^
Color in life light purplish gray, the skeleton yellowish white, with
a narrow purple median line.
ri/j>e.
C^t. No. 22646, U.S.N.M.; from Alhatnmx station No. 4930;
30^ 12' 00" north latitude, 130^^ 14' 00" east longitude (Eastern Sea);
This species comes nearest to Antedon himdeulafa P.
from which
differs
it
in
its
elongate
cirri,
II.
Carpenter,
with nearly double the
num])er of joints, the short inters3"gial interval and the more proximal position of the second syzygy, the proportions of the lower
pinnules, and the less number of arms.
The color of A. himaculata is probably quite unreliable as a specific
character, for of the 80 specimens I have at hand of A. manca
one is colored exactly as described for A. Mmaculata^ although all the
others are quite different.
A. delicatissvma in color agrees most
nearly with certain specimens of .4. multicolor.
28.
ANTEDON RUBROFLAVA,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal discoidal, broad, slightly concave on the dorsal sur35-40 very stout cirri in two marginal rows; the cirri
face, bearing
have 15-20 joints, stout, about as wide as long, which exhibit a slight
tendency to overlap ventrally, but do not bear dorsal spines; the joints
are somewhat compressed and are constricted in the middle, thus
giving especial prominence to the articulations; the penultimate joint
is furnished with an opposing spine.
First radials concealed; second radials partiallv concealed; axillaries pentagonal, wider than high, with a syzygy; distichals 3, the
axillary a syzygy.
P^leven arms 180 nun. long, with 260 or more
joints,
the
triangular,
first
all
8 or
9 })rachials
nearly oblong,
becoming
distally
the brachials with overlapping edges, furnished with
NEW UNSTALKED
NO. 1561.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
151
two or more rows of ver}' fine teeth; there is a slight rounded tubercle
on the junction of the first two brachials; syzygies occur in 4he third
brachial, ag;iin about the eighth or ninth, and usually in the twelfth
or thirteenth, with others distally at intervals of 5-7 joints in the
proximal part of the arm and 3 joints toward the tip.
The first pinnule is on the second distichal and reseml)les that on
the second brachial; pinnule on second brachial 8 mm. long, of about
28 joints, flagellate, the second to the foiu'th joint furnished with large
dorsal keels; the pinnule on the fourth brachial is 11-15 mm. long, with
35-10 joints, flagellate, the first 2 or 3 joints with a dorsal keel; the
pinnule on the sixth brachial is 12-16 nmi. long, with about 40 joints;
that on the eighth is about the same, that on the tenth slightly shorter,
like that on the twelfth; from this point the pinnules gradually
decrease in length and ])ecome more slender, the joints much more
elongate; the pinnule on the fortieth brachial is 9 mm. long, with 23
long and very slender joints.
The color in life is brilliant 3"ellow, the arms broadly banded with
bright red; the cirri are dull orange red,
Ti/j)e. Cat. No. 22631), U.S.N.M.; from Alhatr<m station No. 4880;
34^ 16' 00" north latitude, 130^ 16' 00" east longitude (Korean Straits);
This species is readily distinguishable from A. hartlauh! by having
fewer arms, which are longer and more slender, by having the second
radials visible, and b}^ the character of the cirri, which are more
numerous, stouter, with shorter joints, and with a prominent opposing
The very brilliant and unusual coloration
spine on the penultimate.
be
good
specific
character.
may
a
29.
ANTEDON THETIS,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal discoidal, bearing about 12 marginal
about 10
mm.
cirri;
these are
long, with 25 to 30 joints, of which the fourth, fifth, and
sixth are squarish; the others wider than long, developing prominent
spines distally.
First radials very short; but laterall}" they are in apposition, forming a large interradial triangle, produced anteriorl3% separating the
second radials; second radials rather short, trapezoidal; axillaries pentagonal, less than twice as wide as high; the second radials and axillaries are
rounded
long; the
first
laterally,
and widely separated.
brachials on each
length, roughly oblong;
arm
Ten arms 30 nmi.
in close apposition for their entire
second brachials squarish, strongly convex
exteriorly; third brachials longer than wide, constricted in the middle;
following 2 or 3 brachials quadrate, then becoming triangular, longer

than wide, the outer side convex, ))ecoming elongate and quadrate
distally.
First pinnule small, short, and weak, witii al)()ut 25 sciuarish joints;
152
vol. xxxiii.
enormoush'' expanded laterals, the second intermediand the other joints; second pinnule greatly elongated,
stiff, and spinelike, with 15 elongated joints; third pinnule usually
shorter, but similar in character; following pinnules decrease in length,
becoming somewhat longer distally. Pinnule ambulacra plated.
Color (in spirits) light purple, banded with dull yellow; cirri
purple, banded with white.
Tijpe.OAt. No. 22654, U.S.N.M. from Alhatross station, No. 3744;
Suno Saki bearing east, 8.83 miles distant (off Nipon, Japan); 46
fathoms; May 19, 1900.
This species belongs to the Accela group, but is readily distinguished
from the other 10-armed species by having the second radials separated by a forward projection from the first radials, as in A. multicolor^
combined with the lack of any lateral processes on the radials.
the
first joint is
ate between
it
30.
ANTEDON HAWAIIENSIS,
new
species.
Centro-dorsal large, hemispherical or short columnar, with 5
separated doul)le rows of

32
mm.
usually about 20 cirri in
cirri,
all;
Avell-
these are
long, rather slender, with 50 to 55 short joints, the fourth to
from
onward dorsal spines are developed which are long and
the eighth rather longer than wide, the others wider than long;
the tenth
prominent.
Basals sometimes just visible; first radials just visible, crescentic;
second radials very short; axillaries about one and one-half times as
wide as long. The radials and first (sometimes, also, the second)
brachials (or first and second distichals, when present) fringed with
numerous rather long, stout
spines; there maj' be also a
spines on their dorsal surface.
Distichals,
Ten
first 6
to 12
arms 110 nun. long, the
when
few scattered
present, 4 (3+4).
brachials oblong, wider than
long, then triangular, about as long as wide; distally the
arms are
compressed, and the brachials develop long, curved, overlapping spines,

as in A. spinifera.
the
first)
A S3"zygy
in the third (or, after a distichal series,
brachial, another at about the twentieth,
intervals of
from two
and distally at
to four joints.
First pinnule the longest, very stout, flattened exteriorly, with

about 12 joints, tapering rapidly after the seventh or eighth; second
and following pinnules much more slender, shorter, with fewer joints
but slightly longer than wide; the distal pinnules are somewhat elongated, with elongate joints, except the first two, which are short,
somewhat expanded, and trapezoidal.
Color (in spirits) white, the radials, distichals, and lower brachials
dusky.
%>e. Cat. No. 22653, U.S.N.M. from Alhatross station. No. 3475;
21 08' 00" north latitude, 157 43' 00" west longitude (Hawaiian
Islands); 351 fathoms; December 6, 1891.
;
NEW
NO. 15G1.
31.
IJNSTALKED CRINOIDS CLARK.
COMATULA MARI^,
new
153
species.
Centro-dorsal discoidal, 9 ram. in diameter, bearing about 30 martwo irregular rows; cirri 25 mm. long, moderate!}^ stout,
ginal cirri in
with 27 to 30 joints, the proximal half of which are somewdiat longer

than wide, the distal lialf short; from the sixth joint the distal dorsal
edge begins to project, forming prominent broad dorsal spines on the
distal two-thirds of the cirrus.
First radial concealed; second radials rather short, very broad, in
apposition laterally; axillaries more than twice as broad as long, free
laterally.
Twenty-six arms, 160 mm. long. The distichal and palmar
series in this species are quite unique, no other previously descril)ed
form
irregiUarity.
There are 9 distichal
an axillary onl}^, 1 of 2 joints united
by S3'zygy, 4 of 2 articulated joints, and 1 of 4 joints, the 2 outermost
united by syz3^gy.
Of the 7 palmar series, 3 are of 3 joints, the 2 outer
united by syzyg}^, 2 are of 2 joints united by syzygy, 1 is of 2 articulated joints and 1 is of 1 joints, the 2 outer united 1)}^ syzygy.
The lirst
arm syzygy is usuall}^ in the second brachial, but often in the first;
sometimes both the first and" second are syz3'gies, while again there
may be none until the third. Succeeding s^^zygies are quite irregular; the second may be anywhere from the sixteenth to the fortieth
brachial, and the distal intersyzjgial interval anj^where from 7 to 22
or more joints. The arms are slender, remarkably uniform in width;
the first 5 to 7 lirachials are oblong, then triangular about twice as wide
as long, ])ecoming short and discoidal in the distal half of the arm; all
the brachials overlap somewhat, the distal edges being finely serrate.
The lower pair or two of pinnules arc 20 mm. long, and slender, the
lower 5 or
joints the largest, but not especially enlarged.
The following pinnules decrease rapidly in length to about the sixth pair;
the following 4 or 5 pairs of pinnules are comparatively stout, with
the 4 or 5 basal joints enlarged somewhat, after which the pinnules
become more elongated. The distal edges of all the pinnule joints
are everted, prominent, and serrate.
Color in life brownish 3 ellow, the pinnules grayish.
Ti/pe. Cut. No. 22655, U.S.N.M.; from AlkUross station, No. 4880;
34 16' 00" north latitude, 130 16' 00" east longitude (near the Oki
Islands, Sea of Japan); 59 fathoms; August 2, 1906.
at all
approaching
it
in
series present, 3 consisting of
(!
32.
COMATULA SOLASTER,
Centro-dorsal large,
flat,
new
species.
and discoidal, bearing about 20
cirri in a
single marginal row; these have about 20 or 21 (rarely more,
sometimes as many as 30)
joints, the third to the
aFor Mrs. Mary W. Clark, of Boston, who has been

on the unstalked crinoids.
my work
seventh
though
much
of great assistance to
elon-
me
in
154
vol. xxxiii.
gated, the others shorter than broad, the distal bearing low spines.
The
cirri are
moderately stout, resembling those of
O. jajponica.
Kadials usually concealed as far as the axillary.

gular, over twice as broad as long.
Axillaries trian-
Distichals and palmars 4 (3
+ 4),
in
Basicurva group of Antedon.

In some places the distichals are separated enough to make room for
the dorsal keel of the much flattened distichal pinnule, but the perisome
Twenty to 80 arms, very
is never visible from the dorsal surface.
stout, tapering rather rapidly, the brachials quadrate, very short, and
Lower pinnules not especially large, but
strongly overlapping.
greatly compressed and very strongly carinate for the basal 8 to 12
This carination decreases in degree after the first 3 or 4 pairs
joints.
of pinnules, but is evident even on the distal pinnules. The pinnules
(except for the first few pairs) have their joints overlapping and
close apposition,
and
flattened, as in the
finely spinous.
Color
dark purple, the disk,
in life
cirri,
and pimuiles brownish
yellow.
Tyjje.Qîi. No. 22656, U.S.N.M.; from AJhatross station No. 4944;
31 38' 15" north latitude, 130 46' 50" east longitude (in Kagoshima
Gulf); 43 fathoms;
August
17, 1906.
by its very massive radials and

which form a solid cup, so that none of the perisome is perceptible from the dorsal side; very small specimens show that this
In the adults the
character is assumed at an early period of gi"owth.
radials and distichals are so closely welded together that it becomes
This species
is
readily distinguished
distichals,
difficult to trace the sutures.
33.
COMATULA SERRATA,
Centro-dorsal a thick,
flat,
new
species
pentagonal disk with about 15 marginal
two irregular rows; the cirri are small, with 10 joints, the
third and fourth much elongated, becoming rapidly shorter distally.
cirri in
The terminal
7 joints
bear small dorsal spines, that on the penul-
timate being the largest; terminal claw rather long.

First and most of the second radials concealed; two outer radials
united by sj'zygy; distichals 4 (3+4); rarely 2(1 2); rays separated

from the second radial; first brachials closely united interiorly, the
second brachials free;
first
two brachials united by
S3
zygy.
First three
brachials oblong, then quadrate, becoming triangular, about as wide as
long after the seventh; the radials, distichals, palmars, and brachials
all
have everted and serrate edges;
ninth, twelfth,
syzygies.
Color
fifteenth,
The pinnule
in
the only
arm remaining
the
eighteenth, and twenty-first brachials are
joints have strongly spinous distal edges.
in life dull greenish. yellow.
NEW UNSTALKED
NO. 1561.
CRINOIDS CLARK.
155
T}/pe.~Cat. No. 22657, U.S.N.M.; from A/hafros.'^ station No. 481)5;

32- 3;r 10" north latitude, 128 32' 10" east lono-Jtude (south(>rn part
of the Sea of Japan); 95 fathoms;
Another specimen, from
August
9, r,)0().
station No. 4893,
otherwise agrees perfectly witli the
t^^pe.
is
somewhat
One
smaller, but
of the raj's, however,
has the distichal series of only two joints, united by syzygy, like the
palmars; neither of the specimens has the disk in position.
COMATULA ORIENTALIS,
34.
new name.
In the Challenger" report on the Coniatuhe Dr. P. Herbert Carpenter

gave the name Actlnornetra Hltnple.r to a cui'ious little species from
the Admiralty Islpaids; in 1881, however,^ he stated that in the Paris
Museum he found specimens of Comatula jparvicirra bearing the name
of G. ahnjplex.
He mentioned certain peculiarities of these specimens,
showing how they differ from Miiller's original description of Alecto
parirleirra, thus making it clear that the}' can not belong to the Challenger species to which he gave the name Actmometra shnple,!'.
As the
two are congeneric, however, it becomes necessar}^ to designate the
species described in the i 'hallenger report b}' a new name, and for it I
propose the name Coiiiatula orlentali^.
35.
ATELECRINUS POURTALESI,'
new name.
In 1869,'' L. F. de Pourtales described Aiitedon cahenKix from two
specimens dredged
his description
men.
is
in
450 fathoms
Cojima, near Ilabana, Cuba; but

and more perfect specihave suspected that the two were
off
applical)le ordy to the larger
Although
later he seems tt)

he never gave a name to the smaller form.
In 1881'' Doctor Carpenter, in his preliminary report on the Comatulidae collected by the United States Survey Steamer Blal'e^ showed that
the smaller specimen was not only specifically but generically distinct
from the larger one, and he proposed the genus Aielecrinas for it and
an allied forni, also from Cuba, whi(di he called Atelecrlnus cuhensis
and Atelecrlnus halanoldes^ respectivel3\ The name cuhensis he credits
to Pourtales, sajang that the species "may retain the name cuhensis,
originally conferred upon it hy Mr. Pourtales."
But, although the
Antedon cvl>ens!s was a composite species, the type specimen is clearl}different,
indicated in the the original description, and
&
Challenger Reports, Zoology, XXVI,

Notes from the Leyden Museum, III,
]).
j).
it
is
quite a different
312.
20
de Pourtales, to whom we owe much of our knowledge respecting

the crinoid fauna of the Caribbean Sea.
<^Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I, No. 11, p. :!56.
'Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., IX, No. 4, p. 166.
<
For the
late L. F.
156
vol. xxxiii.
thing from Atelecrmun enhensis of Carpenter, belonging to a different

genus.
Now, Doctor Carpenter has

to the smaller of the
restricted the use of Antedon euhensis

two original specimens described b}'^ Pourtales,
while Pourtales himself indicated the larger as the t3"pe of the species;
the name can not, of course, be applicable to both, and must stand for
the species represented by the larger specimen.
As
this leavês the
by Doctor Carpenter Afeleeriniis euhensis (Pourtales)

without a name, I propose that it be known as Atelecrinus pourtalesi.
species called
A REVIEW OF THE CIRRHITOID FISHES OF JAPAN.

By David Stark Jordan and Albert Christian Herre.
Of Stanford
In the present paper
is
Unlrt'rsUi/, Cnlifornid.
given an account of the tishes of the families

known to inhabit the waters of Japan.
of Cirrhitidaj and Aploclactylidtv

It is based
on the collections of Professors Jordan and Snyder, series
of which are deposited in the U. S. National
Museum.
KEY TO FAMILIES OF CIRRHITOID FISHES FOUND
IN .lAPAN.
longer than the
soft; vertebra' lOi

10, the spinous part of the tin
Cirrhitid^^
eye with a suborbital shelf
aa. Dorsal spines 15 or more; the soft dorsal as long as spinous; anal short with
acute or incisor-li ke vertebrae more than 10+16; nosuborbital shelf.
a.
Dorsal spines
16;
API,OI)ACTVin.E
Family riRRHITID.F.
Bodj' compressed, oblong-, covered with moderate scales which are
cycloid or ctenoid; dorsal and ventral outlines not similar; lateral line
continuous, concurrent with the back, not extending on caitdal; mouth

low, terminal, with lateral cleft; eye lateral, of moderate size; promaxillaries protractile; maxillaiy narrow, not sheathed by preorbital;
teeth small, pointed, sometimes present on
vomer or
palatines; cheeks
without bony suborbital stay; branchiostegals, usually 6; gill membranes separate, free from the isthmus; preopercle serrate or entire;
opercle unarmed; nostrils double; forehead flattened; no spines or
serrations on bones of cranium; second suborbital with an internal
lamina supporting the globe of the eye; dorsal fin continuous, long,
the spinous part longer than the soft, usually of 10 spines, the spines
not depressible in a groove; soft dorsal low; spines rather low and
strong; pectoral tin short and broad as in the Cottidis; lower half of
fin with its rays simple and enlarged; the membranes deeply incised:
ventral fins thoracic, but considerably behind root of pectorals, the
rays 1, 5; air bladder large and complicated; pyloric cieca few;
Carnivorous fishes of the warm
skull very compact and solid.
parts of the Pacific; apparently really allied on the one hand to the
Proceedings U.
S.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL JIUSEVM.
158
Serranidas, with which ^^roup Houleiigcr
much
common; on
in
liiid.s
the other hand, they
vol. xx.xih.
that the skeleton has
show
atiinities
with the
Scorpa^nidse.
named
KEY TO
Scales ctenoid, large
a.
(iENKKA.
l^rotile
c.
scales; palatine teeth 2resent;
Inolmmi,
j^reopercle serrulate
Scales cycloid or nearly so; preopercle
b.
as a subfamily of Serranida^,.
and rough; cheeks with large
canines small
(la.
fcom the Aplodactvlida' and
separates the Cirrhitida'
Bouleng-er
Latrididffi, retyarding- the tirst
more or
less serrate.
decurved or convex, scarcely incurved at the nape.
Palatine teeth present; scales on cheeks small
more or
Cirrh'dus, 2.
incurved or concave, above the pointed snout; teeth on

palatines; preopercle sharply serrate
Cirrhitichthys, 3.
hh. Profile
less
ISOBTJNA Jordan, new genus.
1.
Paraclrrhites
acirrJiites
Steindachnek, Fischc Japans,
II, 1883, p.
25 (japonicuti) not rttr-
Bleaker, 1875,^type /ors/en.
Body oblong, compressed, with strongly toothed scales; pointed

vomer and palatines; upper jaw with two small
Dorsal raj's X, 15; anal rays
canines in front; preopercle toothed.
teeth in jaws, and on
III,
T.
One
Scales large; 6 or 7 lower pectoral ra3"s simple, not thickened.
The genus is well distinguished b}^ the

The name chosen by Steindachner was already
genus of the same family.
known.
species
rough
scales.
for a large
(i.sohnna, the
Japanese name;
gold-tish.)
Type of gen us.
/.w,
large
in
use
sea shore; fv,na^ huna for euphony,
Lwh una japonica.

I.
ISOBUNA JAPONICA
(Steindachner).
ISOBUNA.
jj^
ParacirrJiiies juponicuK
I^'JUaXJIM^
STEiNDACHNER,.Fisclu> .lapans,
Coll. Cristoforo Bellotti, in
Mus. Milan.
II,
1883,
p.
25 (Japan),
Jordan and Snyder, Check
List,
1901, p. 84.
Habitat.
Coast of southern Japan.
Head 2i
in length;
depth 2|/eT(/,j5
scales 2-83 or S-t-lO.
Upper
profile
in head;
D. X, 15; A. Ill, 7;
'_'
I
moderately arched; head pointed in front; ventral
outline to anal nearly straight.
Mouth
large, oblique, the maxillary
beyond eye\ eye 5 in head; breadth of forehead 8;

extending a
snout with chin, nearly 4; lower jaw slightly projecting. Teeth slender, sharp, those of the outer row a little enlarged; a small canine on
each side of upper jaw in front; Preopercle finely serrate, opercle with
Head wêll
three short spines, the middle one sharpest and largest.
Large scales on cheeks
scaled, except lips and space before snout.
and opercles; scales on top of head small. Scales all very rough.
Lateral line concurrent with back.
Dorsal deeply notched, 5th and
little
NO. 1562.
THE CIRRHITOID FISHES OF JA PA N-JORDANAND HERRE. 159
0th dorsal ypines 3i in head, the last spine half as lon^ as eye; first
Caudal weakly concave, li in head;
soft ra3â8 high as highest spine.
second anal spine strong, longer than third and weakly curved, longer
than the highest dorsal spine. Ventrals not reaching vent. Pectoral
with 6 or 7 lower rays simple but not thickened, the fin reaching 4th
Bases of fin rays scaly.

Color golden brown, with a faint spot of golden yellow in the center
of each scale along the sides (Steindachner).
This species is known from a single specimen, 1.5 cm. in length, in
We have not seen it.
the museum at Milan.
soft ray of anal.
2.
Cirr/W/HS
arrJtites
CIRRHITUS
Lacepede.
Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1803, p.

Cuvier and V.vlenciennes, Hist. Nat.
3 [maculatusmarmoratus).
Poiss., IIT, p. 1829
(change in
spelliny;)
CirrhidchUnis (;f.NTHEK, Cat., II, 1860, p. 73, in part.
Scales large, cycloid; head obtuse, rounded in profile; snout short;

cheeks with small scales, teeth on vomer and palatines; jaws with small
canines; preopercle finely serrate; opercle with a fiat spine; dorsal rays
about X, 11, anal III, 6; caudal truncate, anterior nostrils fringed;
Tropical Pacific.
dorsal spines not fringed.
{cirrus, a lock of hair.
2.
CIRRHITUS MARMORATUS
(Lacepede).
Labrus marmoratm Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 1801, p. 492, pi. v, fig. 3
(no locality given).
CirrJdius marmoratus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 107 (Hawaii n
.Jordan and Evermann, Fishes of Hawaiian Islands, 1905, p. 452,

Lxx (Hawaii).Jordan and Seale, Fishes of Samoa, p. 278 (Samoa).
Jordan and Starks, Proc. U. S. Nat. IMus., 1906, p. 699 (Yaku Island).
Cirrhites mnrmorntns Bleeker, Verh. Koninkl. Ak. Wet., XV, 1875, p. 3;
Islands)
pi.
(Sumatra;
Amboyna).Jenkins,
Bull. U.
S.
Fish Comm., XXII, 1902
(Honolulu). Snyder, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.,

1902
(Jan.
XXII,
19, 1904), p. 527 (Honolulu; Puako Bay, Hawaii).
).
Oirrhitus maculatus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., V, 1803, p. 3 ( no locality given
GtJNTHER, Fische der Siidsee, III, 1874, p. 71, pi. Li, fig. A (Hawaiian
(Sept. 23, 1903), p. 491
Islands, Society Islands,
Cook
Island).
Cirrhitichthys maculatus GtJNTHER, Cat. II, 1860, p. 74 (Polynesia, India,
Hawaiian
He de France). Klunzinger, Fische des rothen Meeres,
p. 131, in
Islands,
Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, XX, 1870, p. 798 (East coast of Africa, Polynesia). GtJNTHER, Shore Fishes, Chalk, I, 1880, p. 59 (Honolulu).
Cirrhites {Cirrhitichtliiis) maculatus Steindachner, Denks. Ak. Wiss. Wien, LXX,
1900, p. 490 (Honolulu: Laysan)
Cirrhites maculosus Bennett, Zool. Journ., IV, 1829, p. 38 (Sandwich Islands).
RtJpPELL, Atlas, Fische, 1828, p. 13, pi. xv, fig. 1 (Red Sea)
arrhites alternatus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Islands, young).
Sci.
Phila., 1862,
p.
122 (Hawaiian
1<>()
Habitat.
Coral islands of the tropical Pacific,
vol. xxxiii
north to Yakushiina,
southern Japan.
Head 2.75 in length; depth 2.75;

Uuy 2.4; mandible 2.1; preorbital
A. Ill,
6; scales
6-40-8; Br.
63^6 5.75 in
4.8;
head; snout 3; maxil-
interorbital 5.75; D.
X,
11;
5.
Body short and stout, moderately compressed; head heavy, longer

than deep; snout bluntly conic; mouth large, slightly oblique, the
jaws subequal; maxillary rather long, reaching middle of pupil;
patches of villiform teeth on vomer and palatines; tongue naked; jaws
with bands of villiform teeth, 2 or more enlarged canines in front of
upper jaw and about 4 somewhat longer canines on each side of lower
jaw; dorsal profile moderately arched, the curves strongest between
nape and origin of dorsal; eye moderate, high, the supraorbital rim
projecting strongly above the profile;
interorbital concave; nostrils

moderate, nearly circular, close together, the anterior with a bushjfilament about as long as diameter of pupil; origin of dorsal over base
of pectoral, its distance from snout equaling its base; dorsal spines
rather strong, fourth or fifth longest, about equaling snout; dorsal
rays about equal to length of spines a

caudal truncate or slightly rounded
little
greater than longest spine;
when expanded;
anal spines stout;
second and third about equal in length, a little shorter than snout;
anal rays moderately long, longest ray 2 in head; the 7 lowermost
rays of pectoral thick and free at the posterior ends, the sixth from
bottom longest, 1.8 in head or, measured from base of fin, 1.4 in
head; scales large, smooth, arranged somewhat irregularly; nape,
opercle, and breast with large scales; cheeks with very small scales,
rest of head naked; preopercle finely serrate; opercle ending in a soft
flap, projecting beyond a fiat obscure spine; gill-membranes broadly
connected across the isthmus.
Color in life, body marbled and blotched with bluish olivaceous,
brownish and white, with numerous red spots of varying sizes, the
white appearing as 5 ill-defined vertical bars; head bluish white with
irregular lines of jêllowish or orange brown, these palest on cheek;
lower jaw pale bl.ue with cross-markings of darker blue; base of
pectoral pale with yellowish-brown blotches; posterior portion of back
with 4 large reddish-brown blotches, the first under the last 2 dorsal
spines, the second under sixth and seventh dorsal rays, the third under
last dorsal rays, fourth on upper edge of caudal peduncle; spinous
dorsal pale-yellowish blue, crossed by 3 series of large orange-red
spots on the membranes, the uppermost series least complete; tips of
membrane of spinous dorsal whitish, above black blotches; soft dorsal
pinkish with a series of redder spots along the base; caudal pale
pinkish, crossed by about 4 series of bright blood-red blotches; anal
pale rosy, whitish at base, with 3 series blood-red blotches; an olive
) )
THE CIRRHITOID FISHES OF JAPAN JORDAN AXI) HERRE.
NO. 1562.
blotch near middle of first and second spines;
1(31
pectoral and ventral
pale rosy.
This well-known species, abundant among the coral islands throughout the PaciHc, has been once taken in Japan, a specimen having been
sent from the offshore island of Yaku in southern Japan.
A beauti-
by Capt. Charles
ful colored figure
Of
Evermann.
.
B.
Hudson
is
given by Jordan and
the closely related genus, Parac'irHiittH Bleeker, dis-
tinguished by absence of palatine teeth, no species has been recorded
from Japan.
Amhlycirrlutuî Gill"
is
probably identical with Para-
cirrhitc.s.
{marmorati()<^ marbled.
3.
CIRRHITICHTHYS
Bleeker.
Bleeker, Naturk. Tydschr. Nederl. Ind., X,
Cirrhitichtliys
1856, p. 474 (graphi-
dopteriis=aprinus).
Cirrhitop.^li^
GxhL, Proc.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, p. 109 (aureus).
Al-.
Body oblong, the back arched, the profile somewhat concave at the
nape on account of the more or less projecting snout; preopercle sharply
serrate; preorbital serrulate or entire; no canines; teeth on vomer and
palatines; ])ranchiostega]s 0; scales large, slightly ctenoid
dorsal rays
X,
spines moderate; second spine elongate; pectoral with

first
oi*
(5
simple rays;
soft ray of dorsal sometimes elongate.
Species of the tropical Pacific, one of them found in Japan.

fers
from Oirrhitns ma.m\y
incurved
(
cycloid;
12; anal III, 6 or 7; tirst dorsal ray elongate: dorsal
in the
It dif-
more produced snout and notched or
profile.
C'irrh ites; ix ^ ^
3.
'
s ti s
li
.
CIRRHITICHTHYS AUREUS
(Schlegel).
OKIGONBE (OFFSHORE SPRITE).

Schlegel, Fauna Japonifa, PoisH., 1843, p. 15, pi. vii, tig. 2,
Rich.vrdson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 289 (Canton). .Jordan
and Snvdek, Check List, 1901, p. 85.
Cirrhites aureus
(Nagasaki).
CirrhUlchthys aureus GIinther, Cat, II, 1860, p. 75 (Canton, China).

Class. Cat., 1881, p. 95
p.
(Awa). Ishikawa and Matsuura,
Na.miye.
Prel. Cat.,
1897,
52 (Boshu, Kagoshima).
Ildhiiaf. ^Southern
hleekerl
Japan to China (and to India, if Cir/-h/f/'c/ttA//.'<''

Day, from Madras, siiould prove to be the same, which is not
probable.)
Head
12,
A.
3 in length to base of caudal; depth 2i; eye -It in head; D.

with 6 rays simple.
Proc. Ac. Nat.

''
X,
Ill, 6; scales 1-12-9, P. 11,

Sci. Phila., 1862, p.
Cirrhites fasciatus
Jerdon, Madras
106 (fasciatm).
.Toiirnal, 1851, p.
132 (Madras); not of Cuvier
and Valenciennes.
Cirrhitichtliys hleekeri
Oirrhitichthi/s
Proc. N.
Day, Fishery Rept., CXCI, no. 207.

p. 145, pi. xxxv,
aureus Day, Fishes India, 1876,
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
11
tig. 5,
iladras.
162
Body
short, compressed, the profiles above and
the outline incurved
mouth
iit
VOL. xxxin.
below strongly arched;
the nape; snout short, scared}" longer than eye;
small, the jaws equal; outer teeth of lower jaw enlarged; villi-
form teeth on vomer and
Scales large, mostly cycloid, the

Preopercle strongly serrate; cheeks with 4
rows of scales; suborbital rim and preorbital apparently scaleless, but
with mucous stria^; opcrcle scaled; opercular spine obsolete; supraorbital rim somewhat elevated; interorbital area very narrow. If in eye.
palatines.
smaller slightly ctenoid.
Branchiostegals
5.
(lill
-rakers short and blunt, about )+6.
First soft ray of dorsal filiform (broken in specimen); dorsal tin not
notched; fourth spine not elevated, 2 in head; a slight fleshy tag behind
tip of each spine; second anal spine enlarged,
l^j
in
head; anal
fin
trun-
cate; pectoral with 6 simple rays, the longest reaching l)eyond origin
of soft ravs of anal, a little longer than head; caudal lunate.
Fig.
1.
ClERHITIC'HTHYS
AUREUS.
Color uniform pale, doubtless orange or yellow in

of markings of any kind.
Of
this rare species
life,
with no traces
we have seen but one
specimen, 4^ inches in length. It was taken at Misaki, and was preIt probably lives in rather deep
sented to us by Professor Mitsukuri.
It is the type of the subgenus Cirr/iitojms Gill, said to be diswater.
tinguished from CirrJdtichtliyH by the
seal}"
suborbital.
The subor-
be naked in the type of Cirrhitichthys {grap.hidopWe are, however, unable to find true scales on the
terus = aprinus).
narrow suborbital of C. aureus. The preorbital has stri^ or mucif erous
ducts resembling scales. The species is very close to Cirrhitichthys
hleelceri Da}^ of India, and it may prove to be the same, which is the
The two have the same numbers of
latest judgment of Doctor Day.
bital ring is said to
NO. 1562.
THE CIRRHITOID FISHES OF JAPANJORDAN AND HERRE. 168
and fin rays, but ('. hleekeri is said to be much more elongate,
the depth, 2| in length (3^ in total length, with caudal); the eye 3i in
head; the color rosy, with pale streaks, a large black blotch below soft
scales
dorsal, a dark blotch behind opercle; caudal with red spots; dorsal and
The Indian species is probably ditferent from the
caudal banded.
Japanese.
{aureus, golden.)
Family
APLODACTYLID^:.
This family agrees with the Cirrhitida? in having the lower pectoral
rays simple, elongate, and thickened, and in having the ventrals
inserted well behind the pectorals.
It differs technically,
according to Boulenger, in the a))sence of a
much
suborbital shelf, and also in the
larger
number
of dorsal spines,
the soft dorsal also being many rayed. Anal fin short, vertebra more
Shore lishes of the warm
than 10
16, teeth acute or incisor-like.
parts of the Pacific.

a.
Cheilodactylix.k. Teeth pointed not incisor-like, dorsal spines about 18, the
spinous part of the fin not longer than the soft; preopercle entire.
h. Anal fin short, III 8, or III 9; dorsal fin deeply notched, the fourth spine
elevated; soft dorsal of about 30 rays
4.
(roniistiits, 4.
GONIISTIUS
Gill.
Gonilsiius Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. ^ci. Phila., 1862, p. 120 {zonatus)
Zeodrins Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. N.
S.
W.,
Ill, 1878, p. 377 (vestihis).
Bod}^ highest anteriorly, the anterior profile steep and compressed.

small; cheeks and crown scaly; preopercle entire; opercle end-
Head
ing in a
flat
spine;
mouth
in several series, the
small, the lower jaw included; teeth small,
outer enlarged; vomer and palatines toothless;
branchiostegals 6; adult with a pair of tubercles above e3ê and one

above snout; scales moderate; dorsal fin yerj long, the spinous and
soft parts about equal, the rays
the fourth spine
much
about XVII-30, the
fin
deeply notched,
elevated and curved backward; anal with three
small spines, the rays about III,
8,
the last rays rapidly shortened;
pectorals with about 6 simple rays, of moderate length; ventrals well
behind pectorals; caudal forked; body with oblique black bands.
The genus is closely related

mainly in the elevated, notched
From
dorsal, the soft dorsal being longer than in Cheilodactylvs.
Dactylosparus Gill {D. carponemus) the short anal distinguishes Gonllsthis.
Goniistins vittatus from Hawaii is allied to G. zebra^ and still
Species about
6,
of the tropical Pacific.
to Cheilodactylus,
from which
it
differs
other species inhabit Australian waters.

zVt/ok, sail: for dorsal
(^/G^y/o', angle
:
fin.)
164
KEY TO
a.
vol.
xxxm.
BPECIES.
brown cross-band?, two on the head, the second

and base of pectoral; membrane of opercle jet-black; a
lengthwise band along dorsal fin; ventral fin pale; caudal with several
round white spots. D. XVIII, 32. A. Ill, 8. Scales 60. Fourth dori-al
zonattis, 4.
spine If in head
Body with about
9 oblique dark
across opercle,
aa.
Body with
7 oblique jet-black
bands; 3 of these on the head, the second extend-
ing across eye and across base of pectoral, the seventh covering most of
caudal peduncle and lower lobe of cautlal fin, ventral fin black; fourth,
Dorsal rays XVII, 34,
fifth, and sixth bands extending across dorsal fin.
zebra, 5.
Anal III, 8. Scales, 70; fourth dorsal spine 1 J in head
4.
GONIISTIUS ZONATUS
TAKANOHADAI HAWK-PORGY), TAKAPA iHAWKLET), KIKORI WOOD-CHOPPER).

Japan Krusenstern, Reise, Atlas, 1809, p. 63, pi. xliii, fig. 1 (Japan).
Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1830, V.
Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Poiss., 1843, p. 64,
p. 365, pi. cxxix (Japan).
Richardson, Ich. China., 1846, p. 239 (Canton); Proc.
pi. XXIX (Nagasaki).
Zool. Soc, London, 1850, p. 66. Richardson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2), 1851,
VII, p. 282. Bleeker, Nieuwe Nalez., Japan, 1857, p. 83 (Nagasaki).
GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish., II, 1860, p. 82 (Canton; Japan). Steindachner and
DoDERLEiN, Fische Japans, II, 1881, p. 27 (Tokyo). Namiye, Class. Cat.,
1881, p. 95 (Tokyo). Nystrom, Svensk. Vet. Ak. Handl., XIII, 1887, p.
Ishikawa and Matsuura, Prel. Cat., 1897, p. 52 (Tokyo,
18 (Nagasaki).
Riu Kin Islands). Jordan and Snydek, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII,
1900, p. 358 (Tokyo); Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, p. 752 (Yokohama); Check List, 1901, p. 84 (Yokohama).
Labre
dii
Cheilodactylus zonatus
Habitat.
g-enerall}"
Coasts
of
Japan and southern China, north
to
Tokyo,
common.
Head ?>J in length to base of caudal; depth 2f eye -if in head;

XVII, 32; A. Ill, 8; P. 13, with 6 rays simple; scales 9-60-16.
Body oblong, deep, compressed, the lower profile nearly straight,
;
I).
the upper compressed and highest forward; steep and nearly straight
from tip of snout to front of dorsal. Mouth small, the lips produced, thick and fleshy; small teeth in jaws only; 2 fringed flaps over
the anterior nostril, the posterior flap double the size of the anterior
one; posterior nostril without flaps or processes;
interobital space
broad, 4 in head; snout and preorbital scaleless; top of head, cheeks
and opercles with small or minute scales; preopercle entire; opercle

entire, rounded.
Branchiostegals 6; gill-rakers 14+8, short, stout.
Dorsal deeply notched, second spine equal to diameter of e3ê, high,
about 2 in head; anal spines rather small, the third 3y in head; last
soft rays
much
shortened, the longest a
trifle
more than
2 in head;
pectoral almost as long as head, not quite reaching vent; ventrals
moderate inserted opposite end of lowest simple pectoral ray and

reaching beyond vent; caudal deeply and evenly forked. Scales moderate, cycloid; base of pectoral scaled; a scaly sheath about base of
anal and dorsal; caudal largely scaled.
NO. 1562.
THE CIRRHITOID FISHES OF JAPAN-JORDAN AND HERRE. 165
Color of body olive brown, paler on belly, about nine parallel

in life, a
oblique crossbars of deep brown, bright dark olive-orange
the eye
across
extending
first
the
little narrower than the interspaces;
and cheek, the second from nape to base of pectorals, forming a jetthe
black ])lotch on opercle, and a dark bar across base of pectoral;
dorsal
from
backward
diagonally
third, fourth, lifth, and sixth extend
and ninth bands
to belly, where they disappear; the seventh, eighth,
portion of the
encircle'the body, the seventh including the posterior
lateral line;
the
along
confluent
are
bands
soft dorsal; these three
pale spots
two
or
one
and
shade
basal
darker
dorsal tin brown; with a
about
spots
white
round
large
with
bi-own,
Caudal dark
posteriorly.
caudal
on
blotches
white
similar
three
or
twelve in number: two
brown
anal and ventrals black: pectorals uniform, pale
peduncle:
FlC. 2. GONIISTIUS ZONATUS.
lips
except the scaly base which is marked by a dusky crossbar;
across
lines
lengthwise
dark
two
biown;
blackish, edged with rosy
cheeks, from preorbital backward.
from
This description is taken from a specimen s inches long
dark
the
but
colored,
similarly
ore
examples
Wakanoura. Larger
age,
with
fainter
grow
zebra,
Goniistius
in
than
bands, always paler
and orange specks sometimes appear between them.

the caudal
tin
are obsolete in
The
spots on
some old examples.
Of this common species, we have specimens from Tokyo, Misaki,

Wakanoura, Hakata, and Nagasaki. It is a food-flsh of moderate
importance and
common name
is called
Takanohadai, or hawk-porgy, Tai l)eing the
applied to Pagrus major and
{zonatm, banded.)
all
similar lishes,
166
5.
GONIISTIUS ZEBRA
vol. xxxiii.
(Doderlein)
STEiXDACHNERand Doderlein, Fisehe Japans, II, 1888, p.

(Tokyo; not of Richardson; the sj-nonyniy given being all
Nystrom, Svensk. Vet. Ak., Handl., XIII, 1887, p. 18
incorrect).
(Nagasaki). Jordan and Snyder, Check List, 1901, p. 84.
Cheilodactylns zebra Doderlein, Fisehe Japans, II, 1881, p. 29 (Tokyo; same
specimen; a provisional name.)
CheilodacfyluK gibboms
27, pi. VII, fig. 2
Hahltat.
Coast
of eTapan,
known from Tokyo, Wakanoura, and
Nagasaki.
Head
2f in length; depth
?,\.
Eye
3^ in head; snout about 8; interScales 10-70-15.
D. XVII, 32. a!
Body oblong, much compressed, the lower
orbital width 4.
Ill, 8.
protile relatively straight,
the upper much compressed, and elevated forward; a deep notch at

the nape and another at the nostril; mouth small; lips thick; teeth in
jaws only, the outer a little enlarged; a blunt projection over each eye
growing larger with age, and one at the nostril; snout and preoi'bital
scaleless; top of head, cheeks, and opercles with small scales; preopercle
entire; opercle ending in two flat points; gill-rakers 12+5.
Dorsal deeply notched, the fourth spine \^ in head; anal spines moderate, the second thickest; last soft rays rapidly shortened, the longest
14 in head; pectoral longer than head, reaching vent; ventrals moderate, inserted well behind pectorals; caudal deeply and evenly forked.
Body rosy brown, with oblique cross bands of deep brown or rather
orange black; three of these on the head, the second across eye and
base of pectoral, the third forming a large blotch on the opercle;
fourth including first three dorsal spines and extending across to ventrals fading below, the ventral fins ])eing jet Ijlack; fifth and sixth
bands extending on dorsal and ceasing near middle of side, the sixth
confluent below with seventh; seventh fully confluent with eighth,
leaving only three spots of the pale ground color between them;
seventh and eighth not extending on dorsal, but covering almost all
Anal fin a little
of caudal peduncle and the lower half of caudal fin.
dusky; fins pale except where crossed by the extension of the dark
cross bands.
From
Steindachner's excellent figure our specimen difl'ers in the

downward of the fourth band, and in the partial
greater extension
Of this species we have

separation of the seventh and eighth bands.
It was found in the market
in hand a single specimen 10 inches long.
of
Yokohama by
noura.
It is
specimen was also seen at WakaPierre L. Jouy.

known only from the specimen of Steindachner,
otherwise
and that recorded by Nystrom.
The
species
is
certainly distinct
from
Goniistius gihho.sus (Richardson) of the coast of Australia, with which

Steindachner has confounded it, and probably from Goniistius vestitus
Goniistius quadricornis (Giinther), both Australian
Goniistius vittatus Garrett, of Hawaii, which Steindachner
(Castelnau) and
species.
NO. 1562.
calls a
THE CIRRHITOID FIStTES OF JAPAN JORDAN AND HERRE. 167

''
distinct
Farhenvaricfiifr
from Gouildin^
Steindachner's excellent
(properly Goiiiistius
the Hawaiian
(.rt'/'/v/,
'^^
It is, however, clearly

appear from a comparison of
also lu-ai-ly related.
zchra^ as will
iig-ure
i'lft<ifus)
Cheilodartylux clttatvs
with that of
Jordan and Evermanirs report on
in
iislies.
the zebra.)
SUMMARY.
Family Cikrhitid.e.
Isolnnin Jordan, 1907.
1.
1.
japoiilca (Steindachner
),
2.
2.
Cirrliitiis
mariiionitKs (Lacepede), 1801;

o.
3.
ISSo.
aiireuff (Schle<rel),
LacepC'de, 1803.
Yaku
Island.
Oirr](iliclitlii/s
Bleeker, 1856.
1843; Misaki.
Family A i'lodactylid.e.
4.
4.
zonattis C'uvier
aoiiiistiuii Gill, 1862.
and Valenciennes, 1830; Tokyo,
Nagasaki.
5.
zebra (Duderlein), 1883;
Yokohama, Wakanuura.
]\Iisaki,
Wakanonra, Hakata,
ON SOME EARWIGS (FORFICULID.E) COLLECTED
GUATEMALA BY
MESSRS.
liV
SCHWARZ AND BARBER.
By Andrew Nelson Caudell,

Cvstodian
(if
CMliojAcra, U.
<S'.
Nittioval }hiseuiit.
During the sprino- of 190G .several weeks were spent in eastern

Guatemala by Messrs. PI A. Schwarz and H. S. Barber, who are both
skillful collectors, having- special aptitude for the discovery of
minute
Being coleopterists, their particular attention
while collecting was naturally directed toward beetles, but that other
groups were not neglected is well proven by the following list of Forficulidte collected by them.
There are 88 specimens of these earwigs,
representing 18 species, distributed in 18 genera, of which 6 species
and 1 genus are undescribed. All of this material is in the United
forms of insect
States National
The
life.
Museum.
most frequently mentioned "Cacao" is situated in

the Province of Alta Vera Paz, between Panzos and Senahii, at an
altitude of about 900 feet, near the foot of the waterfalls, above which
locality
coti'ee plantation of Trece Aguas is situated.

Notes by Mr. Barber are appended to the discussions of some of the
species.
These notes are inclosed in quotation marks.
the
DIPLATYS JANSONI
Two
Kirby.
females. Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz,
March
26, 31.
"One specimen
beaten from dead banana leaves, the other from dead leaves from
a recently felled tree. This species so closely resembles the very common Stapylinid
beetle, Paederm hrtus, in form, coloration, and movements that it was by
accident
we discovered that it was a Forticulid, and it is probable that many more specimens
were seen without being recognized."
DIPLATYS SEVERA
Two
males,
Bormans.
females, 2 larva. Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz,
April 13-21.
These
the slender, many -segmented anal cerci, as

Westwood some years ago under the synonymous genus
larvae exhibit
described by
Proceedings U.
S.
National Museum, Vol. XXXIII-No. 1563.

169
170
DyscTitlna.
The matter provoked much discussion

hy Green detinitely
the rearing of the adult insects
vol. xxxiii.
at the time,
and
settled the ques-
tion of the affinities of Westwood's genus, showing it to be Forhculid

and congeneric with Diplatys. These specimens from Guatemala are,
so far as I can learn, the first examples of this ancestral t3'pe of forficulid larvi ever reported from the New World.
The adult form,
however, is not at all rare in certain places.
D. i<eve7\i^ which was described from a single female specimen, is a
good species, but is very varial)le in coloration. The series before
me comprises one with the color almost entirely black, some with
the base of the abdomen and the forceps, or only the l)ase of the abdomen, reddish, and some with the apical part of the abdomen and the
forceps, or only the forceps, red.
The pr<^notum is usuall}^ unicolorous, sometimes margined with lighter color, as in the type, and the
elytra of the specimens before me are uniformly black.
The projecting portion of the wings is usually, but not always, darker on the
apical portion than basal ly. The legs are sometimes wholly black, and
sometimes the middle and posterior femora are basally jêllowish.
"Several specimens, including
long-taileil larvre. l)eaten
from dead banana leaves
that hang on the growing plant."
CYLINDROGASTER DIPLATYOIDES,
One
new
species.
female. Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, April 11.
Head slightly broader than the pronotum; color shiny

black above, below and about the mouth parts brownish; antenniB
imperfect, clear reddish yellow in color, the long basal and very short
Description.
second segments darker.

Pronotum shining black above, lighter
below, longitudinally broadly sulcate above, the disk anteriorly convex, posteriorly flattened; the whole
and neck-like
pronotum
is
distinct!}"
narrowed
in nearly the anterior half, the posterior portion parallel
sided, truncate behind, the entire disk less than twice as long as the
mesiam width. El}' tra piceous, not quite twice as long as the pronotum and together almost twice as broad as the pronotum, posteriorly
subtruncate.
Scutellum showing between the bases of the elytra,
small but distinct; projecting portions of the wings a
little less
than
one-half the length of the elytra and of the same color and texture,
but narrower. Abdomen narrowing basallj-, reddish 3"ellow above

and below, somewhat infuscated laterally above on the basal third;
there are inconspicuous lateral folds near the base of the abdomen, and
the last segment is very large and subquadrate.
Legs clear reddish
3"ellow, without distinct infuscation.
Forceps somewhat longer than
the pronotum, moderately stout, and separated basally by a space
nearly as great as the width of one of them at that point, parallel
sided in the basal half, then narrowing in two terraces to a point;
unarmed, the tip considerably incurved.
SOME EARWIGS FROM GUATEMALA CAUDELL.
NO. 1563.
Length.
Body, without forceps,
7.5 mui.
forceps 2
171
mm.
Type-specimen. Cfit. No. 10365, U.S.N.M.
The posteriorly broader pronotiim and the obscurely

abdomen is not in full accord with characters given
Cylindi'()gasfei\ inclining rather to Dqdatyx..
eyer, haye led
me
to place
"In company with ImVui
it
"One
for the genus

Other characters, how-
here.
cdrnoeimii."
PYRAGRA CHONTALIA
Scudder.
male, one immature female, taken onto steamer wit!
Kiver, below
mouth
of
laterally folded
firewood.
Polochic
C'ahabon River, 3Iareh 22."
ARTHRCEDETUS, new
genus.
Female, unknown. Male, head convex aboye; antenmore than 19 segments," the basal segment moderatel}- large
and somewhat enlarged ajîcall}', scarcely longer than the greatest
width; secoiid segment smaller than the basal one and about onethird as long; third segment yer}^ long, being almost twice as long as
the basal one and mesially about as thick; fourth segment about the
same length as the second, scarcely as long as broad the next four or
tiye segments are about as long as broad, l)eyond them the segments
gradually grow more elongate, the nineteenth being about four times
Pronotum no longer than broad, no broader than
as long as broad.
Description.
nae of
and wings absent. Abdomen elongate, scarcely

broadened mesially and moderately, conyex, without lateral folds, the
Legs moderateh^ stout, the
last dorsal segment slightly' transverse.
second tarsal segment small and simple, the first and third subequal in
length, no arolium visible between the claws.
Forceps of moderate
simple,
sulicontiguous
basally.
length and
This genus is allied to Echinopsalis., l)ut the antennal segments are
somewhat different from those of the ty^^ of that genus, more like
those of Rehn's E. hrev/hractea.
Arthrcpdetns^ morever, is apterous.
Type of the genus. ArthriPcIetus Jxirheri.
the head.
P^lytra
ARTHRCEDETUS BARBERI,
One
male, Polochi:; River,
Description.
Of
May
new
species.
2.
moderate large
size;
general color almost uni-
formly light ])rown above, somewhat lighter l)elovy. Head slightlj^

darker al)Ove than the rest of the body and with a distinct transverse
occipital line, and from the center of this line a longitudinal depressed
line extends to the hind margin where it meets the anterior end of a
deep and distinct median sulcus which extends the entire length of the
pronotum and obsoletely on over the meso- and metanotum. Pronotum
"The antenna'
of the
only specimen
known
are imperfect.
172
vol.
xxxm.
quadrate with the anterior inarg'iii well rounded, the sides and posterior margin more broadly so; metanotum as broad as long and
Abdomen long and someposteriori}' roundl}^ and deeply concave.
what flattened. Legs light brown with a scarcely perceptible infusForcated tint mediall}" on the femora.
-
|T"
nZDZl
DIAGRAMMATICAL FIGURE OF THE

BASAL SEVEN SEGMENTS OF THE
ANTENN.E or ARTHRCEDETus
^*P^ straight, moderately swollen, and triangular basall}', curved slightlv inwards and
fourth, the inner
eyliudrical lu the apical
-^
marglu amicd on the basal three-fourths

BARBERi.
with a number of very minute denticules.
Pygidium small, about as broad as long, rapidly tapered and apically
truncate.
Length. Body, without the forceps, 12 mm.; forceps, 2. .5 mm.

Type-spedme7i.OA.i. No. 10366, U.S.N.M.
The accompanying figure represents diagrammatically the first seven
segments of the antennf

"This
made
to
ArtJir<t'detui< harheri.
was beaten from a tangle of spiny plants and vines at a landing

take on firewood, on the left bank of Polochic River l)elow the month of the
insect
Cahabon River."
PSALIS,
One immature
species.
male. Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, April 23.
BRACHYLABIS NIGRA
One
Scudder.
'
male. Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, April 19.
is the first reference, so far as I know, of this species being

found north of South America.
The tarsus of the left middle leg of this specimen is deformed, having
the second joint aborted and the others somewhat swollen, the whole
The golden luster is
tarsus a little shorter and stouter than normal.
but little noticeable in this specimen. The measurements are: Length,
body, without the forceps, 8 mm.; forceps, 1.75 mm.
This
SPARATTA MINUTA,
One
female, Polochic River,
March
new
species.
22.
Male, unknown.
Female, smaller than usual in the

genus.
Head black; antenna? imperfect, the segments present, eleven
Pronotum black, somewhat longer
in number, unicolorously brown.
than broad, rapidly and much constricted anteriorly, being necked,
and posteriorly gradually and slightly narrowing, the posterior margin
rounded; the disk is mesially carinate longitudinally, but inconspicuAbdomen
ously so, and is more flattened on the posterior portion.
Description.
much
flattened, broadest in the middle, the lateral folds scarcely visible,
the last segment very slightly transverse; subgenital plate projecting
backward between the lower part of the forceps as a quadrate apically
SOME EA R Wins FROM a UA TEMA LACA UDELL.
notched plate, the outer apical angles of which are acute. The color
of the abdomen is black above except the anal segment, which is redElytra black, twice as long as broad,
dish yellow, beneath paler.
together much l)roader than the pronotum, posteriori}" obliquely
roundly truncate. Projecting portion of the wings similar to the
elytra in texture and color and nearly as long but somewhat narrower,
being noticeably more than twice as long as broad, posteriorly rounded.
Legs reddish brown, the femora stout and somewhat infuscated basally.
Forceps blackish with a reddish tinge at the extreme base inwardly,
long and stout, straight, the tips incurving, armed inwardly about the
middle with a minute sharp tooth and at the base on the inner inferior
margin with a larger triangular tooth. Pygidium nearly quadrate,
the posterior margin slightly projecting mesially and the lateral
margins very little rounded.
Length.
Body, without the forceps, 5 mm.; forceps, I..5 mm.
Type-specimen. Q,î. No. 103(37, U.S.N.M.

This small species seems distinct from any of the described members
of the genus.
It does not appear to be found among the species
recently described by Rehn and Borelli, nor does it appear to be any
of the older established species.
In color it is something like the 8.
dentifera of Rehn, but is much smaller.
"Under bark
wood taken onto the steamer from the

mouth of the Cahabon."
of Cecropia
Polochic River below the
SPARATTA FLAVIPENNULA
left
l)ank of the
Rehn.
Four innnature specimens. Cacao. Trece Aguas. Alta Vera Paz,

April
2. 21,
and
2(5.
LABIA ARCUATA
Twelve males,
1(5
Fabricius.
females, o immature specimens, Cacao, Trece
Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, March 24 to April
26.
"A
few individuals found singly under various circumstances, but the species was
found in abundance in and under a pile of old corn husks lying on the ground beside
the trail and also on the ground under and in a rotting banana plant."
LABIA BILINEATA
One
Scudder.
male. Cacao. Trece Aguas. Alta Vera Paz. April 20.
LABIA SCHWARZI, new
Two
species.
males, 2 females, Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta
Descrij)tton.
Vera Paz, April
Head broader than the pronotum, shining black;
11.
eyes
prominent; antennae 14 jointed, light brown in color, the basal three segments paler. Pronotum noticeably longer than broad, a little narrower
anteriorly, the posterior margin rounded, the disk posteriorly transversely depressed.
Elytra dark brown with a lateral yellowish line,
174
vol.xxxiii.
broadening at the humeral angle; in length the elytra are fully twice
pronotum and together are considerably broader than it,
Wings brown on the inner half, yellowish on
posteriorly truncate.
that of the
the outer, projecting beyond the tips of the elytra a distance equal to
about two-thirds the length of the latter, rounded posteriorly. Legs

brownish or black, the femora \&vy stout. Abdomen convex, short,
distinctly broader mesially, lateral folds scarcely in evidence, the
terminal segment broadl}' transverse; forceps of the male about as
long as the abdomen, triangular basally, apically cylindrical, curved
moderately inward basally widely separated and armed on the inner
margin with some minute teeth; of the female slender, somewhat
shorter and straighter, the denticles in the inner margin a little larger,
Pygidium of the male very broad,
basally less widely separated.
somewhat longer than broad and apically rounded, entire.
Body, without forceps, male, 3.5i mm., female, 8.5 mm.;
Lengtlc.
forceps, male, 1.25-1.5
mm., female,
mm.
Type-specimen. OdX,. No. 10368, U.S.N.M.

Except for size this species bears a superficial resemblance to
Spongophora pygmaea as figured by Bormans.'' The p3'gidium of the
male will serve to separate it from Lahia hilhieata Scudder, to which
it
bears a somewhat close resemblance.
"Found running on and under the bark

I.A'BIK
One
of a tree
BREVIFORCEPS, new
female, Livingston, Guatemala,
General
resembling Xantlioxcylon."
May
species.
5.
two segments of the antennoe lighter, beyond infuscated, the lateral margins
The elytra show the
of the pronotum and elj'tra and the legs yellow.
yellow color mostl}" at the humeral angles, from where it shades ofi' to
brownish posteriorly. The inner margins of the projecting portions
Eyes black.
of the wings show a trace of lighter yellow.
Head convex, broader than the pronotum; antennae with eighteen
segments; ma}^ be more as some of the terminal ones may be missing;
the third segment is about as long as the first, three times as long as
Pronotum
the second, being about three times as long as it is wide.
about as long as wide, posteriorly semicircularl}^ rounded, mesially
Elytra three times as long as
transversally depressed on the disk.
broad, together considerably broader than the pronotum, pos.teriorl}^
truncate; wings projecting a distance equal to about one-third the
length of the elytra, posteriorly narrowl}' rounded.
Legs short and
stout, the femora thick, second tarsal joint small and simple, the third
liut little hairy beneath, and the claws have a small pad between them.
Description.
color yellowish brown, the basal
Abdomen without
lateral folds, convex, broad, mesially somewhat

broadened, the last dorsal segment somewhat transverse, dorsally
"Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orthoptera,
I, pi. ii, figs. 4, 5.
SOME EA R WIGS FROM GA UTEMA LACA UDELL.
175
broadly concave, truncate, the apex obscurely bituberculate; last venForceps very short and stout, tritral segment transverse, rounded.
angular basally, nearly contiguous and curved decidedly upwards, but
onl}" slightly inwards and that only at the tip.
Body, without forceps, 5 nun.; forceps, 0.5

Type-specimen. C&t No. 10369 U.8.N.M.
Length.
mm.
This insect presents characters, such as the many jointed antenna^,

etc., not in accord with those of the genus LoI/ku
but for the present I have preferred to place it questionably in that
smooth abdomen,
genus.
"This was beaten from leaves of recently felled trees in a new clearing
of the Rio Dulce, about two miles from Livingston."
at the
mouth
SPHONGOPHORA PYGMAEA
Four males,
2, 5, 20,
One
and
Dohrn.
3 females, C'acao, Trece iVguas, Alta
Vera Paz, April
21.
of these specimens, a male taken April
2,
represents a variety
from the typical form in the shape of the forceps, which are
uniforml}' bowed instead of nearly straight, and are almost unarmed
ditiering
on the inner margin.
One
of the females has the elytra and wings
unicolorousl}' black.
OPISTHOCOSMIA AMERICANA
Bormans.
Four males, 2 females, 3 immature specimens, Cacao, Trece Aguas,

Alta Vera Paz, April 11 to 27.
The females sometimes have the wings conspicuously marked bv a
3'ellow spot, and sometimes the spot is almost entirel}^ absent.
The
forceps of the male are sometimes shaped as shown in Bornmns's
original figure, but in three of the four representatives of that sex
now before me
the forceps are tubercled about as prominently as

Bormans's figure but are nearly straight, not so sinuate, in this
respect approaching the O. anomaJa of Kehn.
in
"Running on
brush.
Not uncommon."
NEOLOBOPHORA RUFICEPS
Two immature females.
Burmeister.
Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, April
SPHINGOLABIS LINEARIS
5.
Eschscholtz.
Six males, 2 females. Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, April 9
to 27.
FORFICULA CACAOENSIS. new

One
male,
and April
19.
species.
female, Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz,
March 29
PROCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
176
Description
jointed,
of
Male:
the usual
vol. xxxiii.
Head moderate; eyes prominent; antennje

structure.
Pronotum equaling the head
13
in
rounded, anteriorly very

slightly excavate, the sides straight, thin and inclined a very little
upwards; disk a little convex with a persistent slender median sulcus,
broader in the anterior half. Abdomen moderate, broadest mesially,
the surface punctured, the segments apicalh^ rounded, the second and
third with distinct lateral tubercles, those on the third segment the
Elytra nearly twice as long as broad, together slightly broader
larger.
width,
8ubquadrate,
posteriorly broadly
than the pronotum, posteriorly truncate, the sides deflexed, the posterior lateral angles rounded; the elytra meet in a slightly curved
line and the left one has a slight curved depression in the middle
Wings projecting
a very little beyond the

extending over the basal segment of the
abdomen, but when more specimens are examined this will probably
be found to vary somewhat. Legs moderately stout, the second
joint of the tarsi distinctly cordiform.
Forceps contiguous on the
basal eighth, or slightly less, by a ))asal expansion which extends
almost horizontall}^ inwards from the arm of the forceps and is dentate on the inner margin; from the ampliate contiguous base the
forceps are rounded, unarmed and uniformly curved. Pygidium not
visible.
Color of the head, pronotum, elytra, wings, abdomen and
most of the forceps black, antennae dark brown, uniform, legs light
brownish jêllow, the femora slightly darkened above, forceps at the
extreme base above yellowish.
Female: Similar to the male, the abdomen more uniformly heav}',
not noticeal)ly widened mesially; the wings project more than in the
male type, the projecting portion of each being longer than wide: the
forceps are nearly straight, the tips a little incurved apically and the
basal two-thirds are triquetreous, inwârdly slight!}^ depressed and
minutely serrate, the apical third cylindrical and unarmed.
Body, without the forceps, male, 7 mm., female, 10 nun.;
Length.
near the inner margin.
tips of the elytra, scarcely
forceps, male, 2
mm., female,
mm.
Type-specime7i.Cî. No. 10370, U.S.N.M.
This black earwig

but
J^.
it
is
amply
distinct
metrica of Rehn,
from that
species.
is
superficially
from
l)ut
somewhat
that species.
It
allied to F. liu/uhris,
resembles somewhat the
the forceps of the male will at once separate
NEW MARINE MOLLUSKS FROM THE WEST COAST OF

AMERICA.
By Paul Bartsch,
AssiMant Curator, Division of MoUusks, U.
The present paper embraces

Oreo-onian faunal
area,
S.
diagnoses'' of
belonging-
to
National Museum.
new
from the
niollusks
the genera
Bittimn.,
Seila^
Figures of these will appear when the

monograph of these forms in course of preparation is published.
Ceritldopsk^ and Metaxia.
SEILA MONTEREYENSIS, new

Shell large, robust, brown.
One of
mens.)
lost in all
our speci-
the cot^-pes has two and a half nuclear whorls remain-
These are rather
ing.
(Extreme apex
species.
inflated,
evenly rounded, marked by many

The transition of the nuclear
slender obliquely reti'active axial riblets.
sculpture to the post-nuclear is very al>rupt. The sculpture of the

post-nuclear turn consists of three very strong, equal, and equall}^
spaced lamellar spiral keels between the sutures. Channels separating
little widei' than the keels, crossed by
subequally spaced slender ri])lets, of which about
40-50 appear on the whorls. Peripher}^ of tlie last whorl marked by a
fourth spiral keel not quite as strong as the keels of the spire and a little
more closely placed to the keel posterior to it than that is to its neighbor
the spiral keels well rounded, a
many subequal and
Base marked by a spiral keel which equals the peripheral

from it by a channel a little narrower than
Both of these channels are crossed by
the supraperipheral groove.
The remaining portion of the base slopes somewhat
the axial riblets.
Under the microscope the
concavel}" towaid the stout columella.
above
it.
keel in strength, sepai'ated
In the preparation
of the present diagnoses the following
terminology
is
used:
Spiral sculpture, the markings following the direction of the coils of the whorls.
Axial sculpture, the markings which extend from the summit of the whorls toward
the umbilicus.
The axial sculpture
may be^
when the markings are in general parallelism with the axis of
Protractive, when the markings slant forward from the preceding suture.
Retractive, when the markings slant backward from the suture.
Vertical,
S. National Museum, Vol. XXXIII No. 1564.

xxxiii 07
12
the shell.
Proceedings U.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
177
178
entire surface of the spire and base appears
marked
VOL. XXXIII.
b}^ fine lines
of
Aperture subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorl}^; outer lip rendered sinuous by the spiral keels,
parietal wall and edge of columella covered by a moderately strong
The nuclear structures were described from a young specimen,
callus.
Cat. No. 19520(), U.S.N.M., which has 10 whorls (the first two nuclear
whorls probably being lost), and measures: Length 3.6 mm.-, diameter
The other cotype (Cat. No. 32290, U.S.N.M.) is an adult
1.1 mm.
shell in which the last 11 whorls remain, and measures: Length
growth and
spiral striations.
mm.; diameter 1.1 mm.

This species has been known from the west coast under the name of
12.4
Adams, a Panamic
compared with the present form.
Cerithiopsis assimilata C. B.
pygmy
in size
Specimens
Speci-
mens.
e.nuii ined.
species,
which
is
NEW WEST
spotted.
COAST MOLLUSKSBARTSCH.
179
In montereyensis the variegated forms predominate; that
is,
The t^^pe, Cat.

No. 32221, U.S.N.M., has 10 whorls, and measures: Length 13.8 nun.;
the shells are whitish
diameter 5
mottled with
rust brown.
mm.
BITTIUM ESURIENS MULTIFILOSUM, new

Shell similar to
B. esurUms,
l)ut hti-ving 7 spiral
sutures on the whorls of the spire instead of
subspecies.
keels l)etween the
4.
type, Cat. No. 127051, U.S.N.M., was collected by Mrs. Oldroyd at Whites Point, San Pedro, California. It has 10 whorls, and
The
measures: Length 9.2 mm.; diameter 3
mm.
Specimens examined.
Speci-
mens.
180
vol. xxxiii.
4. 2 mm. diameter 1 7 mm.

A second immature specimen, Cat.
No. 23261, U.S.N.M., is in the Stearns collection, also from Monterey,
Length
California.
BITTIUM QUADRIFILATUM INGENS, new

Shell similar to B. (piadrlfilatuin
larger and of white color.
The
subspecies.
way stronger and

B. (piadTijilatum do
but in every
spiral bands in
not form strong cusps at their intersections with the axial ribs, but
simple nodes, while in the present form these intersections are decidedly cusped.
The
has lost
type. Cat. No. 32213, U.S.N.M.,

its
from Monterey, California,
nucleus; the ten remaining turns measure: Length 12.2
mm.
diameter 4.5 mm. Another specimen, Cat. No. 195159, U.S.N.M.,

was dredged by the U. S. Fisheries steamer AJlxitross at station 4475,
10 miles off Point Pinos Light. California, in 142 to 158 fathoms.
CERITHIOPSIS COSMIA, new
species.
Shell elongate-conic, variegated with various shades of brown, white,

and wax yellow. Nuclear whorls 3i, slender, lending the apex a
mucronate appearance. First nuclear whorl smooth, second crossed
by feeble axial riblets. The riblets increase considerably in size in
the remaining turns, where they are very regularly developed and
evenly spaced.
They are strongl}^ protractive
to suture, the extremity at
as they pass
from suture
the lower suture being considerably in
advance of the extremit}' at the summit. In addition to the vertical

riblets microscopic crinkly lines appear on the intercostal spaces
which intersect the riblets in oblique even curves at right angles.
The
transition
from the nuclear to the post-nuclear sculpture
is
abrupt, the three chief tuberculate spiral keels being present from
the very beginning of the postnuclear turn.
nuclear turns the posterior spiral keel
but
it
is
less
On the first four postdeveloped than the rest,
increases with each succeeding turn and finally becomes the
strongest of the three.
The
tubercles are the earl}- whorls, are almost
round and slope abruptl}^, concavely posteriorly and gently well

rounded anteriorl3\ On the later whorls they are oblong, with their
long axis vertical.
Channels separating the spiral keels about as
wide as the keels on the early whorls, less so in the later turns, curved
by the low, broad, strong, backward slanting axial riblets. The
spaces between these ribs and the spiral keels appear as rounded pits.
Sutures well impressed. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a
strong spiral keel. Base well rounded, marked by three equal and
equally spaced spiral keels separated by equally wide and strong channels.
The entire surface of the spire and base keels, tubercles, and
channels are marked by microscopic lines of growth and spiral striations.
Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse, decidedly chan-
XEW WEST
COAST MOLLUSKSBARTSCH.
neled at the junction of the short, thick,
and outer lip.

This description
1951!**;,
U.S.N.M.
is
181
somewhat twisted columella
based upon two specimens, cotj'pes, Cat. No.

has the nucleus and 11 postnuclear whorls,
One
and has furnished the description of the nucleus. This measures:

Length 7.8 mm. diameter 2.8 nun. The other has lost its nucleus
and probably the first two postnuclear turns, and measures: Length
9 nun.: diameter 2.9 nnn.
;
Speciiiinis in the U. S. National
Spei'i-
meiis.
Museum.
182
VOL. XXXIII.
The two cotypes,
Cat. No. 109512, U.S.N.M., were collected by

H. Eshnaur at TerniiDal Island, San Pedro, California. The
one has the nucleus and 3 post-nuclear whorls; the other has lost the
])ost-nuclear turns and measures: Leng'th 5.2 mm.,
nucleus and has
diameter l.S mm.
Mrs.
W.
*.)
yprcimens in
Speci-
the U. S.
National Museum.
Locality.
mens.
Museum number.
Collector.
Cat.
350
1
3
1
1
Catalina Island, California

Sa:i Pedro, California
do
San Pedro (Whites Point), California
....do
San Diego, California

do
40
13
56751.
195179.
14825.
T. Oldroyd
G. Cooper
T. S. Oldroyd
.T.
19.5180.
Brannan
M.Cooke
Stearns collection
"1
do
W. H. Dall
Oldrovd
H. Hemphill
F. W. Kelsey
T. S.
San Diego (Government
jetty), Cali-
No.
109512 (cotypes).
.1.
.do.
.do.
.do.
.do
3
6
7
Mrs. W. H. Eshnaur
W. H. Dall
Terminal Island, California
73725a.
130584.
o2287a.
322206.
56006a.
123401.
109364.
1530.58.
fornia.
1
1
Point Abreojos, Lower California

Todos Santos Bay, Lower California
H. Hemphill
Stearns collecti( m
METAXIA DIADEMA,
new
Shell slender, decidedly turrited, brown.
106504.
32292.
species.
Nuclear whorls four, the
smooth, the others marked by two spiral threads, the posterior

one of which falls on the middle of the whorls between the sutures,
while the anterior one is about halfway between it and the basal suture.
In addition to this sculpture there are slender equal and equally spaced
axial riblets, of which about 28 occur upon the third and 30 upon the
fourth whorl. The nuclear whorls are slopingly shouldered from
first
the posterior keel to the
summit and well rounded anterior
to
it.
The
demarcation between the sculpture of the nuclear turns and the postPost-nuclear turns inflated, marked by four
nuclear turns is abrupt.
strong" spiral tuberculate keels
equall}'^
and axial
spaced, but not equall}^ strong.
ribs.
The
These four keels are
third excels all the others
development, the fourth or basal one comes next, the second next,
summit is the weakest of the four. The axial
ribs are broad and strong' and rather distantly spaced, forming decided
nodes at their intersection with the spiral keels. There are about 11
in
while the one at the
upon the first, 15 upon the fifth, and 22 upon the penulThe spiral keels connecting the tubercles are onh^ about
one-fourth as strong as the axial rib.s; the areas inclosed by the two
of these ribs
timate turn.
are quadrangular, the vertical diameter being the shorter.

last wdiorl,
squarish.
where the
ribs are a little
On
the
more crowded, these areas become
Sutures strongly constricted.
Peripher}^ of the last whorl
marked by a strong keel, separated from the supra-peripheral keel by

a strong channel, which is crossed by the continuations of its axial
NEW WEST COAST
MOLLUSKSBARTSCH.
183
Base rather short, sloping somewluit concavêly from the periphbroad cohmiella, marked by a weak
spiral thread at the base of tiie columella and the continuation of the
Aperture suboval,
axial ribs which extend well up on the columella.
decidedly chanmdc^d at the iunction of the lip and cohnnella with the
ribs.
eral keel to the insertion of the
posterior angle obtuse.
The smaller of the two cotypes. Cat. No. U>5;^03, ILS.N.M., has the
nucleus complete and S post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.8
mm.; diameter
1.3
mm.
The
other, Cat. No. 1.53045, LJ.S.N.M., has
and probably two of the

measures: Length -!.<'> nun.; diameter 1.5 mm.
heen confounded with the European Metaxia
8 post-nuclear whorls, having lost the nuclear
post-nuclear turns;
This species
inetaxae,
has
it
under which name
it lias
appeared
Speciniati< exdinuifl.
Speci-
mens.
in
many
lists.
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON MARTYN'S UNIVERSAL

CONCHOLOGIST.
By Willia:m Healp:y Dall,
Curator, Dirisian of
The
}follii>ikK,
it
S.
Xdlioiidl Miitteniit.
publication of an account" of Martini and his famous worlv on
the shells of the South Seas by
that
I'.
was the means of
me
in 1905,
brinsj'ing
had the hoped-for
effect, in
out supplementary information
which enal)les me to supply data missing at the date of the first paper
and to confirm conclusions which in it were arrived at by circumstantial evidence.
Next to the positive determination that the first SO
plates were published in ITS-t, the most important data relate to the
correction of the so-called reprint issued
b}-
Chenu
of the tal)les for
which turns out to be entirely unreliable. The

new information comes from widely scattered sources.
The copy containing the first 80 plates, belonging to the Academy
of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, is about the same size as the
National Museum copy (12i by 10-^ inches) and is of the same date.
the second 80
j)lates,
It contains a publisher's circular offering the
work separately printed
on an octavo sheet dated 1787, and a manuscript note''^ stating that the
Duke of York's copy sold for 10 guineas. The plates and ta))les
agree with those of the Museum copy.
The second copy examined was sent from South Dakota b}^ a collector
who sold it to Mr. John B. Henderson, jr., of Washington, and likewise consisted of 80 plates elegantly bound. This was evidently one
of the "select copies'" of the tirst issue, as it is on folio sheets (1(1^ by
16^ inches), and is dated after the first engraved title, "1784." and
after the second engraved title has "MDCCLXXXIV
Tomkins
scripsit
Ellis sc."
in small letters.
This plate and the dedication
are larger than those in the quarto edition and printed from a different
engraved plate, although the wording is the same as in the quarto
copies.
There are no plates of medals. The text is worded the same
|
Proc. U.
S.
Nat. Mus.,
&Taken from an account

Proceedings U.
S.
XXIX,
1905, No. 1425, pp. 415-432.
of the sale in the
London Times, May 24,
1827.

185
186
vol. xxxiii.
most part, but slightl}' differently disparagraph 2, after ''South Seas,'^ is added
"comprising in all a])out 170 different species. The whole of which
will be contained in four volumes, each volume exhibiting lo shells or
80 figures.^' The later issues have only "The whole of wliich will be
comprised in two volumes."
The Henderson copy, p. 8, footnote, asks that "" correct copies of
these" (i. e., drawings of unique shells for use in the work) ma}^ be
sent to the author b}' "Christmas, 1785," in order to enricli the suite
This n 'te, or a part of it,
of these particular shells in this repository.
Page 'li^ in the Henderson copy ends
appears on page 6 of the quarto.
Then follows the "Explanatory Table,"' worded as in the
the text.
The tigures of shells
quarto, but engraved on a somewhat larger plate.
follow, but, while they are the same species as in the quarto, they are
in a few cases differently placed on the sheet, and the space inclosed by
as in the later issues, for the

tributed.
On page
the neat-lines
is
,S,
larger.
Under the sheet of the Explanatory Table is inserted an octavo

sheet of two pages, one English and one French, headed "Observations on the
Explanatory Table."
This sheet has not been seen in any
It is chieffy devoted
other copy, but contains nothing of importance.
to remarks on the shells ffgured on plates 2, 11, 20, and 21.
The second forty plates forming "Volume II" have a copy of the
1787 circular inserted after the fly

headline), as follows: "As the four
leaf,
first
together with a note (with no
volumes of
this
undertaking
|
form of themselves a distinct work and as such may be preferred by

some Persons: an additional Title page is therefore added for such
Purpose, leaving the other title page to be removed at the Discretion
|
of the Purchasers."
There is the same engraved title as for Volume I (first forty plates),
no text, explanatory table the same as in the quarto.
The following differences are noted between the Henderson copy of
the plates and the plates of the quarto:
There is only one view in the quarto.
Plate 13 has two views of shell.
Plates 57 and 59; same remark.
In the quarto (owdng
Plates 61 and 68, the figures are side by side.
to the smaller
pageO they
are placed diagonally.
All the other plates, except in regard to the neat-line, agree exactly
with those of the quarto.

Mr. Chai'les Hedley, of the Australian Museum, informed me that
they possess a complete copy with all the plates and also copies of the
publisher's circular in octavo form, with French and English text for
the issues of 1781 and 1786. These circulars are now known for 1784,
Mr. Hedley, with the concurrence of the Museum
1786, and 1787.
authorities, was kind enough to send me photographs of the circulars
and also of the " Explanatory Tables" belonging to Volumes III and
OX MARTYX'S UNIVERSAL CONCHOLOGISTDALL.
NO. 1565.
IV, otherwise the third and fourth batches of
-iO
plates each.
187
1
have
already called attention to the confusion caused by the publisher sometimes referring- to 40 and at other times to SO plates as a volume.
tables are marked Vol. I, II, III, and IV, respecreproduce the Eng-lish page of the earliest prospectus known
to me, that dated ITl-i'l.
The words "This day is published" should not l)e taken literally,
They simply mean that the
since they occur on each of the circulars.
books are on sale at the time of distribution of the circular, even when
first issued earlier.
The subsequent circulars diti'er ])ut little in wording-.
They have the heading "Academy for Painting of Natural
History," which is wanting on the circular of 1784.
For condition V of the 1784 circular that of 1786 has "That the subsequent volume, which is alread}" in great part finished, shall be published some time in the spring, 1787."
In the circular of 1787, after the line "This day is published," is
inserted "(in two volumes compleat);" the paragraph numbered V in
1786 is omitted, and paragraph VI becomes V, while there is no para-
The explanatory
tivelv.
graph VI.
The prices cited also vary. In 1786 the price is raised to "nine
guineas each volume, in a rich extra binding; and ten guineas and a
Unbound, seven guineas and a half. An edition
above Work, elegantly bound in small Folio, may be had at
guineas and a half each volume." The same prices were asked in
half in morocco.
of the
tive
1787.
was situated at "26 King-Street, Covent-Garden,"

and
the
circulars place him at " 16 Great Marlborough1786
1787
In 1784 the author
but
in
Street."
The data above given prove conclusively that the first eighty plates
appeared in 1784, the third forty in 1TS6, and the work was completed
probably in the spring of 1787. Also that the date on the title-pages
was changed at least twice, copies existing- dated 1784, 1787, and 1789;
and that a separate title-page was prepared for the first four volumes
of South Sea shells Avhen it became impossible to carry out the author's
plan of issuing a general iconography.
The photographs of the " Explanator}^ Tables " of Volumes III and
IV show such discrepancies between Chenu's "reprint" and the text
it purports to represent that the suspicion arises that the original
ta1)le ma}" have been submitted to some revision and additions in a
later issue; otherwise it seems impossible to account forChenu giving
in each case for these two volumes the generic name Cardiuni^ when
the original reads Cochlea^ and specific names to species for which no
specific name had been engraved in the compartment of the table
intended to hold one.
188
Volume
FIGURES
tk^: First; of
COLLECTED
Several Vovage? to
DEDICATED
I.
Cox niT IONS.

'-B-^HAT thr
'
irom
S'-.cils.
South Seas,
Tl'ibitint;
'.
an
r.
Year 1764.
rliL:
HIS MAJESri':
The
En'_;:'{h
0:'
p:iR'd in tou: -î-'ine
belont;!.
Shells flwil
lirr.HTY FiGV'i
be t;ivtii ill e^ch vuiuni.;.
'J h;u ihe more eflciui.il ].,:
cCLitcci Bi- the Aiithor o.ily
Bviii^Puir.if.underhisiiimi
Th-.U ine;'.ch vo!u:ne '.h.ii! b: i;uc.n .ui l
graved titie p-iê, .iik! jc c-.;v i.koi y t-l-.;
Author.
fainilv. \v;:ii
r.:id
rnniiv, to n-hich the i>.;-ll

the S_v!:cm ot xh?
tii.;r
.':::- m
-
tjrec ut
nnme
denoting the genus, or
iettvr
inui.il
diviiion
'I'll, It
in.
lince
2^1^.
ri
-Jcfcript
Non-d:::cki?t Shells,
ot
THE
(by Termijjlon) to
complo..:
_3_
II.
tlie
IN
VOL. XXXIII.
'.
i.^r:
'..irin
'::i','.
name, nnd
V\'bere the
;t' ,.:*>''
IV.
(in
French
.-.nd
cut coi'.imns,-
Englift;
ilt.
U:i.v, in;;
number of
fmal!
oil
Ihall
unbound.
COl'IKS
hah'
J.
re^ûl.ir intervals ot
he fix ,, ,..-.:.
vokiinc, elegantly bound, or five gt.
luccelEci
iti
SELECT
in 4;rc;ic p..r: iui.lhi
lilhodnt
The nu:nber rcterrm
to e.ichfigjr!: in the order or
adcady
VI. That the }3uce
in di'K-:
jh
two guineas
be fold at nn advance ot
ill
\'okiiTit-.
Work
above propofed, fcems to cnritle \i in a

iubiett of the
to the attention ot" the Bcitifh Naturalill, a-; a
the feveral vovagcs to the Pacific Ocean, and of thofe iinport;rr riiic'which will do fuch iaitine honour to the Philolbphical Ipirit o' li'.i- n
The
ciilar
marmcr
under the prefent reign,
Nor is it
fuUr recommend
ences.
:o i:ui'picious
dellitute of a
it
both to the liberal arts and uicfid Se'-
more general merit, which
to the Naturalill
of every con;-
m,;v as
Ik-
povVL-;--
]^\::\^
'
::j;j,i\..
No publication on thel'e particular Ihells h.:
Novelt\'
This alone might be fufficient to infure It fucccfs, as a fupplement to ,
The Author, however, takes this oppor;..;treatifes of Liiter and Others.
nitv of intimating, that he wifhes this effay rather to be confulercd as th
firil part of an undertaking much more cxteniive ; that of iiluUrating the
:
::;
i'.
whole Syfcem of Conchology, in the fame fuperior ilvle ct accuracy aivj.

This fuperiority will bcfl appear by comparing this Publication
eleo-ance.
with all others extant, in this or -any other branch ot Natural HilV-r-..
The drawings will be minutely corre<9:, and adapted to a fc.le, fc;
on an attentive obfcrvation of the more perfeift fpecimens in tiie princ:.
the engraving will conliu merely ot a delicate
cabinets of this kingdom
'.
outline, as a certain guide tor the relative proportions of the parts ; to this
ikill and labour of the Painter will be added, in order to produce
the utmoif
from the whole the full eiTect of that beautiful contour, rich coiounng, and
tnd wntcli
art oi
relief, which the fulijeci fo peculiarly demanrls, and
bold
:.-..
painting alone can

tion of Nature in
various colours of
time anfwer every
proper!"; lupply
the fize,
and liveh'.rv-prctcntaIhape, mouth, extrem.itles, convolution^^, and
purpoie of fcience,
truly worthy the appellation

Natural Hiftory.
&/<-."?
whi-le the exact
the different fhells
Work
**
C'p-a of the ahoi'c
Of
thus
exhibited, will at the fa'-ne.

Ibme fort render the prefent
a ScbQol, for this plcafing branch of
and
-x.-'l:,
in
may
he hji!,
at Tei
H.
Pkospectus of Maetyn's universal conchologist.
C:.:-..cai a:.l
ON MARTYN'S UNIVERSAL CONCHOLOGISTDALL.
NO. 1565.
The following
189
list gives Martjni's names for his Vohunes ]1I and

comparison with the list in my tirst paper transcribed from
Chenu's " reprint"" will show the discrepancies. vSeveral species have
no specific name given to them. When the genei'ic name is not
engraved against the specific name but is indicated by the context it
is placed in parentheses.
In this and other respects the list agrees
with the construction of my previous list. Specific names added b}'
Chenu, but not in the original, are starred:
IV.
EXPLANATORY TABLE, VOLUME

Plate 8L Buccinuui
82. Buccinum
83. Buccinum
84. Buccinum
85. Buccinum
86. Buccinum
87. Buccinum
88. Buccinum
89. Buccinum
(Buccinum
[Buccinum
fBuccinum
Buccinum
(Buccinum
99
'" \IBuccinum
. [Buccinum
[Buccuium
[Buccinum
'|Buccinum
I
III.
ticuH.
vexilluiu croceuin.
coronatuni.
lineatum.
tes.ellatum.
nux-odorata.
incisum.
costatum.
scabrum.
turris picta.
turris clavata.
galea variata.
galea ferrea.
ornaUnn.
luteolum.
vittatum.
vanum.
coelatuni.
.sinuatum (omitted l)y Chenu).
(Bulla circulata.
'
[Bulla villosa.
Cyprea subfuscula.
96.
Clava
97.
te^sellata.
(Clava nigra.
,jg
'
'^'l
Clava fusca.
99. (Patella) scapula.
100.
Patella testudineata.
101. (Patella) morioni.s-inleus.

102. (Patella)
(INIitra
umhclla.
rugata.
'
'|Mitra denticulata.
jÎitra staminea.
'
[Mitra fasciata.
[Mitra limosa.
']Mitra vermiculata.
106. (Nerita) nux-castanea.
107. Nerita acupictus.

108. Nerita diversicolor.
(Nerita pellis-arminiana.
'
[Nerita litteris Hebraicis notatus (hebrtea*)
See note
a,
page 196.
190
r,
Plate
-.
Nerita atellatus.
nO.-,'_
.^
llSerita lasciatus.
fOliva corticata.
"|01iva striata.
-119
jOliva interpuncta.
""jOliva fenentrata.
,
Purpura scabra.
|Pur]:)ura senticosa.
114
(Purpura tubulata.
Purpura ramosa.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
Umax
aureus.
(Limax) tiara.
(Limax) lampas.
Limax
Limax
Limax
vittatus.
scaber.
viperinus (serpens* Chenu).
p]XPLANATORY TABLE, VOLUME IV

Limax
Plate
121.
122.
123.
124.
si)icatus.
Limax) fusca spicatus.

Limax, nigra spicatus (omitted by Chenu).
Limax) flammeus.
Limax) scutulatus.
Trochus petrosus.
Voluta) fagina.
Voluta) cosmographicus.
125.
Voluta) reticulata.
Voluta) undata.
Voluta) interpuncta.
126.
127.
Voluta)
128.
(ducis-navalis*).
oluta scutulata.
129.
Voluta) zonaria.
Cochlea bicolor.
130.
Cochlea) nexilis.
Cochlea) tigrina.
131.
Cochlea) aquosa.
Cochlea) crista-galli.
132.
Cochlea) histrix.
Cochlea iraplexa.
133.
Cochlea) purpurea.
134.
Cochlea) triangularis.
Cochlea) coocinea.
135.
136.
137.
Cochlea) dentrachates.
Cochlea ninibata.
Cochlea) marmorata.
Cochlea) cretata.
Cochlea) arborescens.
Cochlea) russa.
138.
Cochlea) palatam.
Cochlea undata.
139.
(Cochlea) fumosa.
Marked with
Red or rosy.
chalk.
Martyn'.s English
is
"Figured cockle.
vol..
XXXIII.
ON MARTYN'S UNIVERSAL CONCIIOLOGlsrDALL.

Plate
140.
(Cochlea) iiebulosa.
141.
(Cochlea) castrensis.
:
142
191
(Cochlea) virgulata.
(Cochlea) inscripta.
(albida*).
143.
(Cochlea)
144.
(Cochlea) viininea.
(Cochlea) acupicta.
145
I
(Cochlea) maculosa
146.
(Cochlea) coluiiibina.
147.
(Cochlea)
148.
(Cochlea) gilva.
149.
(Cochlea) violacea.
(Cochlea) persoiiata.
150.
striata.
JMusc(nlus) fuscus.
[(Musculus) viridis.
I
152
JMusculus) viridis nndatus.
[(Musculus) fuscus undatus.

IPecten rubidus.
153
i
'
[(Pecten) bonibycinus.
Ostria echinata.
154.
(Ostria) spinosa.
155.
(Tellina cinnamar.
{(Tellina) subrubicunda.
(Tellina) alba,
I
^^"'l (Tellina) rosea.

158. (Tellina) barbata.
(Tellina)
subrubicunda radiata.
J
'
'[
(Tellina) purpurea radiata.
(Tellina) adumbrata.
f
(Tellina) rubescens.
The discrepancies between the tallies as reprinted exactly above and

Chenu's list are so great that it does not seem reasonable to refer
In the absence of Chenu's original or a
theui merely to carelessness.
copy of it, and from the fact that the tables as reproduced b}' me
from tiie Sydney co])y are marred by engravers' errors have two species without any specific name at all, and have thirty-six species with
different generic names from those cited by Chenu I conclude that
the Sydney tables are an early issue of engravings which were later
corrected and completed, and that it was from one of the altered copies
that Chenu's badly printed list was taken, adding a numi)er of errors
of its own.
As illustrating engraver's errors in the Sj'dney tables, 1 need only
mention as misspellings such words as coocinea for coccinea^ palatarn
for pal((t}nn^ and ostrhi for ostrea.
Other errors of the engraver consist in reversi-ng the order of words
as indicated ))v the English trivial names, putting the varietal name
before the specific name, as fusca spicatus and n'xp'a splcatus for
spicaiiis xnr. fi'sc(( and .sy;/Vv//^/,y var. nigra.
In one instance the name
intended for the specific name and the descriptive phrase have changed
192
vol. xxxiii.
places in the columns, an error which seems to have been corrected in
Chenu's original."
One species and one variety are altogether omitted from Chenu's
list, and the thirty-two l)ivalves placed in a genus CocJdea by Martj^n,
in his Volume IV, are listed by Chenu as Card'non^ though the two
Cochlea of Volume 11 remain. The four shells listed by Martyn as
Musculi/x (i. e., JL>di()hi>t Lamarck) have the name 21ytllns in Chenu's
These facts point strongly toward a revision by Martyn himself
list.
of the original engravings of the tables for Vohimes 111 and IV.
The importance of Volumes III and IV is fortunately confined to the
Of these but a few are
specific nomenclature of the forms figured.
American. One comes from Newfoundland, one from the Straits of
Magellan, and the rest of the American forms are from the West
Indies.
Nearly all of them had been given specific names before MarOnly
tyn's time, and there are no Pacific coast species among them.
Volumes 1 and II, or the first 80 plates (dating from 1784), are imporThese are also the portions most
tant for any generic synon3'm3^
frequently quoted b}" Bruguiere, Gmelin, Lamarck, Deshayes, and
other contemporary or nearly contemporaneous authors.
The present summary will enable those interested to form a correct
Volumes III and IV (178(1-87), not seen by

former paper on Martyn and the Lniversal
Conchologist, and to positively confirm the priorit}" of Martyn's names
over those of Gmelin, Bruguiere, and Lamarck, as indicated b}^ that
idea of the earliest issue of
me
wdien 1 prepared
my
publication.
" Neritd liebrHa,
Plate 109, second
ligiire.
BASKETRY BOLO CASE FROM BASILAN ISLAND.

By Otis
Head
T.
Mason,
Curator, Depdrtment of Anthropology, U. S. National,
Maeam.
In the department of anthropology in the United States National

Museum is a basketry toilet or bolo case of the Jacanes (Yacanes), an
aborio-inal tribe living in the interior of Basilan Island, southwest of
I.Jacanese bolo case. Front view, showing footing, .stained, carved, am> p.erced for
the inner body technic outer body technic, with horizontal, vertical, dextral, and
sinistral weaving and border. showing hoop work, knot work, and braid work.
Fig.
No. 23908B, LT.S.N.'M.). Owing to the slight clothing there needed, it is the cu.^tom to suspend the receptacle for odds
and ends from the belt univer.sallv worn. It has the functions of a
Mindanao
(Cat.
Proceedings U.
S.
National Museum, Vol, XXXIII No. 1566.

193
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xx.Kiii07
13
PROCEEDIN-GS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
194
pocket, a scabbard, and a woman'j^ reticule.

it
see-bah'-kan; the Jacanes, tahni-pee'-pee.
The
Basilaii
When
vol. xxxiii.
Moros
the bolo
call
is in it,
Dimensions: Height, 13f inches;

is called doo'-hoong.
diameter at the top, 5 inches. Gift of Dr. E. A. Mearns, U. S. Army.
Bottom; body, in shape of a cavalry legging
Structural parts.
pinched together at the bottom; border; carrying parts, only a porThe structural parts
tion of which are present; and ornamentation.
at once awaken interest through the economics displayed in uniting
the greatest capacit}^ and strength with the least weight of the vehicle.
(See ligs. 1 and 2, showing front and l)ack views of specimen.)
the basket
Back view, showing the strengthening strips for carrying

AND the method OF ATTACHING BY MEANS OF MALAY KNOTS.
Fig. '2. Jacanese boi.o case.
Its technical processes are as follows: The bottom is worked

wood and is divided into quite distinct portions, the outer
and the inner. The former is the footing keel-shaped, parallel-sided,
and rudeh' carved in front. The inside portion, acting as a lining to
TecJiuic.
from
soft
the bottom,
is in
shape of a long,
the weapons and other belongings
elliptical dish, to serve as a rest for

(fig. 8).
The furrow between
these
parts receives the textile elements of the inner basket.
The
two
is in uniform, rigid splits of bamboo, in

one-quarter of an inch; the outer, one-half an
technic of the bod}^
series
These are woven in four directions horizontal, dextral,

and vertical. The inner series are the foundation, and are in
inch wide.
sinistral,
the inner,
BASKETRY BOLO CASE MASON.
NO. 1666.
195
hexagonal weaving (tig. 3). The dextral and the sinistral elements are
drawn through holes in the upper border of the footing, and the
meshes are each large
enough
to allow the pas-
sage of
six elements
the outer basket,
of
two from
each of the three directions
vertical, right, and

Just above
left (tig. 4).
these holes in the footing
the
of
horizontal split
first
the inner basket,
foundation,
serves
as
or
a
starting point of the outer
basket
boo
(tig. 3).
splits
of
The bamthe
outer
doubled about
this one, half of each split
passing up verticalh' and
series are
the other
half
either
the right or to the
to
left,
and all woven in and out Fk;. 3. Inside op .Tacanese bolo case, showing hexagon
weave. the method of its attachment, and the double
through the hexagonal
function (if the footing.
meshes (tig. 4). The effect of this double weaving is to produce an almost compact technic,
with the
splits of the inner
basket nearly concealed.
The
der
technic of the borthe most interesting
is
owing
comand 5).
It is founded on hoops
and is in two sections, the
upper and the lower. The
former is of flat hoops
surmounted by a smaller
round hoop, the inner
ones being covered in lace
of
all,
plexity
work
technic of Jacanese bolo case, showing
HOW the elements are bent, inclined, and attached to
the HEXAGONAL WEAVING. NOTE SPECIALLY HOW THE
SPLITS GO IN PAIRS, THE FLUKES ALTERNATELY DIVERGING
right and left, as in an anchor, then CROSSING EACH
OTHER.
Fig. 4. Outer
of rattan splits
(fig.
and h).
hoops are
These laced
fitted on the
top of the body and fastened, as follows, by what
5,
'I
constitutes the second porhoops form the inwale and the outwale of
portion, and three series of Malay knots unite them with the
tion of the border: Stout

this
to its
(iigs. 1, 2,
196
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MWEUM.
VOL. XXXIil.
lower hoop of the laced work and with the upper edge of the body
same time fonnint>- a band of .simple sennit braid work on
the outside (fig-. 5, e-<).
This i>> a remarkable example of joining
Malay knot work and weaving-, for the purpose of hiding- the unsig-htlv
turning- down of ends at the top of the body.
The carrying parts present are two strong half stems of rattan laid
on the back of the body outside, a little farther apart at the bottom,
and held fast by a series of Mala}' knots about 2 inches apart. The
ends of the carrying parts are tucked in at top and bottom. (See
Avork, at the
Hg. 2.)
For want of a better name the term "Malay knot" is used here for
the universal appliance to bind several parts together.
It is a combination of two round turns and two half hitches in splits or tough
and
tie
pliable
the knot,
stems.
(1)
To
pass the
free end of the material

to the right as far as the
place where
the knot
is
to be tied: (2)
;vr()und
under and
the parts and back
of the standing part; (3)

BORDEROF J ACANESE BOLD CASE, SHOWING HOOP WORK
AND LAC
XE WORK (a AND ?)), KNOT WORK AND BRAID WORK (r).
Kj<;. 5
naSSthc frCCCnd arOUnd

,.
\
in the same direction and
.
round turn, bringing it in front of the standingand forward, moving toward the right; (4)
take a half hitch around the standing part f i-om down upward and
make all tight. Repeat at will, always working toward the right.
The ornamentation of the basket is in the technic, in carving and
staining, and in smoking or charring
the last two processes on the
front only. The footing is stained black in front and carved with veiy
simple geometric patterns. The weaving of the body is smoked so as
to present an X-shaped design in natural color, effected by laying two
palm leaflets crossed on the surface while the coloring was going on.
The upper outer edge of the braid work on the border has a decoration added in the shape of a little hoop joined on by overw hipping in
to the left of the tirst
part and then under
all
tine split.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW NORTH AMERICAN TINEID

MOTHS, WITH A GENERIC TABLE OF THE FAMILY
BLASTOBASID.E.
By Lord Walsingham,
Merton Hall, Thelford. EiKjland.
INTRODUCTION.
Several papers were published under the title "Steps Toward a
Revision of Chambers Index; With Notes and Descriptions of New
Species" in Insect Life," a journal published by the U. S. Department of Agriculture from 1888 to 1895. The object was the gradual
improvement of the catalogue of North American Tineid moths by
the publication of descriptions of new species and corrections of
The standard catalogue of North
the generic locations of old ones.
American Tineida? at the time these papers were begun was published by V. T. Chambers under the title ''Index to the Described
Tineina of the United States and Canada" in the Bulletin of V. S.

During the
Geological and Geographical Survey, IV, No. 1, 1878.
sixteen years that have elapsed since the last installment of these
papers was printed, the journal Insect Life has been suspended,
but the series is herewith continued under a more explanatory title.
The material on which these descriptions are based was in part
received by the U. S. National Museum from the U. S. Department
of Agriculture through the late Dr. C. V. Riley, and in part is contained in the author's collection.
the collection of the U. S. National
cated by the type numbers,
Types
of the
Museum
in
new
species are in
most
cases, as indi-
some from the museum material and
some donated by the author.

Family
GELECHIAD^.
GELECHIA LAUDATELLA, new
species.
Antennse white, annulated with brownish fuscous, the basal joint

having a wider white ring than those beyond it.
Palpi white, both joints brownish fuscous at the base, terminal
joint tipped with brownish fuscous.
"The
last
paper
of this series
Proceedings U.
S.
appeared in Insect Life, III, 1891,
p. 389.
198
Head and thorax white, the
latter dusted
vol.
xxxm.
with brownish fuscous
scales
Forewings white, the base of the costa and the extreme base of the
dorsum brownish fuscous; an elongate brownish fuscous spot lies
above the middle of the wing between and projecting farther than
the brown above and below it; a large brownish fuscous patch
begins at the basal fourth of the costa, its inner edge sloping obliquely
toward, but not attaining, the middle of the dorsum; beyond its
lower point it is indented upward to the middle of the wing and

thence continued to the apical fourth, where its straight outer edge
margined by a narrow band of white; the apical portion of the

wing, together with the grayish white cilia, is dusted and clouded
is
with brown, and at the base of the cilia, beyond the middle
dorsum, are a few brownish fuscous scales.
Alwr expanse.
10.5 mm.
Hindwings pale gray; cilia faintly tinged witli ochreous.
of the
Abdomen grayish ochreous.

Legs, hind tibiae whitish ochreous, the tarsal joints
smeared above.
2Vi>^^ Female, Cat. No. 10677, U.S.N.M.; No. 142, Riley, 1886;
No. 842, Walsingham, 1886.
Habitat.
Folsom, California, July 1, 1885 (A. Koebele, collector).
This species appears to be allied to the group oi fraternella Douglass.
GELECHIA SUBTRACTELLA
Gelechia subtractella
Walker,
Walker.
Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus.,
Pt. 39, p. 592, No. 229,

Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, p. 102, No. 5487.
Blastobasis subtractella Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 52. 1902, p. 528, No.
1864. Riley
in Smith's List
5969.
Type.
Female in the British

Nova Scotia.
Museum.
Habitat.
An
MS.
old note of mine,
made many
years ago, '^Blastobasis
Wlsm-
probably responsible for the removal of this

species from Gelecliia to Blastobasis in Dyar's Catalogue, but a subsequent note reads as follows: "This is a Gelechiad; a wretched
object, unset and much worn.
Palpi rather rough beneath, terminal
joint a little shorter than median.
Neuration and width of wing
impossible to arrive at.
I should call it an obscurely marked Lita,
much mottled with subferruginous spots on middle of fold, at end
of cell and near apex, also perhaps at end of fold; but these are
scarcel}^ distinguishable from the fuscous sprinkling and shading which
covers the apparently paler wing-surface (much worn)."
Until
further evidence is forthcoming this must remain as an unrecog190: 1892,"
nized Gelechia.
is
NEW AMERICAN
NO. 1667.
TINEID
MOTHS WALSINQUAM.
199
Family (ECOPHORID.E.
Genus
ETHMIA
Hubner.
liTHMIA ALBITOGATA, new
species.
Antennse fuscous.
Palpi blackish, with a few white scales beneath, at the base and
about the apex of the median joint; terminal joint erect, slightly
recurved, somewhat shorter than is usual in the genus.
Head and thorax dull fuscous, the ends of the tegul* whitish.
Forewings elongate, narrow, rounded at the apex, termen oblique,
wdiite, densely suifused with brownish fuscous
slightly convex;
which forms an obtuse angle on the outer half of the fold, receding
very obliquely towârd the basal and apical portions of the costa;
a spot of the same color is conspicuous immediately above the tornus,
running obliquel}' inward, and a smaller spot lies immediately below
and adjacent to the fold near the base; the extreme costa is whitish
and the darker markings here mentioned are rendered more conspicuous in the paler or less-suifused varieties, while in others they
less noticeable through the more complete shading of the
general surface of the wing; cilia whitish, more or less suffused with
become
brownish fuscous, but usually with a small white spot on the upper
half of the termen below the apex; underside pale brownish fuscous,
the costa and dorsum and the subapical spot in the cilia showing
some white scaling.
Alar expanse. 16 mm.
Hindwings white, slightly shining, the ajiical fourth brownish
fuscous; cilia white, with a narrow basal band of brownish fuscous
coinciding with the darkened portion of the wing; underside white,
with a small fuscous shade at the apex.
Abdomen brownish fuscous.
Legs whitish, much shaded with brownish fuscous; some projecting white hairs from the end of the posterior tibiae.
Tyj>e.^Msi[e, No. 101552, collection Walsingham; paratype male.
Cat. No. 10346, U.S.N.M. (Walsingham determined, No. 823, 1906).
Habitat.
California (Zellei- coll., Mus. Walsingham; Beutenmiiller
coll.,
U.S.N.M.).
Two
specimens.
Family BLASTOBAwSIDtE.
Blast ohnsi'Iiv
MnvRicK, Trans. Ent. Soc Loud.,
1894, p. 22.
SYNOPTIC TABLE OF GENERA.

,
r,
"
Hindwings with vein 4 absent

Hindwings with vein 4 present
/ Antennte with pecten

\Antenn8e without pecten (male without notch)
'
2
11
4
200
vol. xxxiii.
JForewings: vein 7 to termen. Arctoscelisyieyxick. (Type, cpmydiaMeyrick.)

Endrosis Hubner. (TjTpe, lactclla Scliiffermuller.)
\Forewings: 7 to costa
Hindwings: vein 5 remote from (3+4)
Agnoea Walsingham. (Type,
evanesrens Walsingham.)
4
Hindwings: 5 and (3+4) connate or stalked
Blastobasis Zeller. (Type, phycidcUa Zeller.)
r I Antennte notched in male
\ Antennae not notched
joint 4.
.Epistetus Walsingf Antennae of male bifasciculate 3, attenuate at
ham. (Type, divisiis Walsingham.)
G
Antennte simple
o
Fore'wings: 4
7 JForewings: 4
and
and
5 stalked
5 not stalked .... D/i/opf
(i
Chambers. (Type, ochwcomdla

ClSmens.)
iForewings: 9 out of stalk of
and
Pseudopigritia Dietz. (Type, dorso'maculella Dietz.)
I
I
Forewings: 9 separate
Labial palpi, minute

Labial palpi of moderate length; sexuallv dimorphic.
'"
Laliial palpi
very small and indistinct in both sexes.
1 ,
.PÔfO])/iora Dietz.
fidella Dietz.)
.Epigritia Dietz. (Type,

pailidotinctella Dietz.)
in male; distinct with terminal
..
{Type,
,j^
10
Labial palpi very short and rudimentary

joint pointed in female
Pigritia Clemens. (Type, laticapitella Clemens.)
/Hindwings: 4 and 5 stalked

Hindwings: 4 and 5 connate, or stalked
(Hindwings: 4 and 5 stalked out of 3
12
14
Au.rimobasis Walsingham. (Type,

persimilella
12
Walsingham.)
Hindwings: 3 separate
("Antennae notched in male.
13
... Valentinia
Walsingham.
(Type, glandulella
^
'
Riley.)
lAntennie not notched .... /o/usma, Walsingham.

(Tvpe, viaa'ocera Walsing^
ham.)
[
jHindwings: 5 out of stalk of 3 and 4
1
.
\ Hindwings: 5 separate (from 3 and 4 connate, or stalked)
(Antennae notched in male .... /foZrocera Clemens. (Type, rhalvofrontella
Clemens.)
15
(Antennae not notched
Prosof/ico AValsingham. (Type, nephalia
[Antennae of male bifasciculate
Walsingham.)
,,.
Catamj psis Walsingham.
Antennae not bifasciculate, slightly dentsite
(Type, nuccZZa Walsingham.)
[
.
15
17
16
-.J
Q/no^cs Walsingham. (Type, iceryaella Riley.)

r Antennae notched in male
\Antennae not notched
Hypatopa Walsingham. (Type, inunctella Zeller.
j
The stigma"
also,
from
Type of the genus. Gelechia glandvlella Riley.

Ante rinse of male notched immediately beyond the basal
which is flattened and slightly concave beneath; with a pecten.
joint,
Arctoscelis,
Endrosis and perhaps,

is absent from
with wliich I am imacqiiainted.
Genus VALENTINIA, new genus.
Maxillary imlpi short, dejêndent.

Labial palpi smooth, recurved; the terminal joint shorter than the
median and scarcely more
slender.
Haustellam moderate.
aZeller, Hor. Soc. Ent. Ross., XIII, 1877, pp. 429-430.
NO
1.567.
NEW AMERICAN
TINEID MOTHS WALSINGHAM.
201
Head and
thorax smooth.
Forewings elongate-lanceolate, with straightened costa and depressed apex.
Neuration 12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa; rest separate.
Hindwings with flexus well developed, cilia 1^.
Neuration 8 veins; 3 separate, 4 and 5 stalked; 6 and 7 se])arate.
Abdomen somewhat
flattened.
Legs, hind tibiae hairy above.

I
have named
tine Riley,
who
this genus. in
honor
of
my
late friend Charles
Valen-
described the type.
VALENTINIA GLANDULELLA
Riley.
Gtiechia glamluldlu Riley, ('an. Ent., Ill, 1871, pp. 118-119.
Holcocera glandulella Riley,
Rept.
Inj. Ins. Mo.,
IV, 1872, pp. 144-145,
figs.
6G a-^f. Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mas., No. 52, 1902, p. 529, No. 5979.
Blastobasis nubilella Zeller, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien.,
XXIII,
1873, p. 297,
pi. IV, fig. 36.
Dyar,
Holcocera nubilella
Holcocera triangularisella
Can. Ent., IX, 1877,

No. 5981.
Habitat.
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 52, 1902, p. 529, No. 5980.
Chambers, Cinn. Quart. Journ. Sci., II, 1875, p.

p. 72. Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 52, 1902, p.
Atlantic States; Texas;
25G;
529,
Kentucky; Massachusetts, Cam-
bridge (Zeller Coll., Frey Coll.); North Carolina (Morrison, collector,

(California, LakeCounty, Blue Lake, June 15. 1871 (Walsingham).
Chambers " regarded nuhilella Zeller, triangidarisella Chambers, and
sciapJiilella Zeller as varieties of gladnlella Riley and quotes Riley as
having the same opinion. We may therefore accept their opinion
that glandulella Jiilej = triangularisella Chambers. Mr. Busck in-
1883)
forms
that "the unique type 9 of nuhilella Z. in Câmbridge is =

but that "the unique type $ of sciapltilella Z. in Cam-
me
glandulella,^^
bridge
is
a true Blastobasis, Z. wath seven veins in hindwing only."
Chambers's figure
of the neuration of glandulella
VALENTINIA RETECTELLA
is
incorrect.
Zeller.
XXIII, 1873, p. 297.

132. Riley, Smith's list
Blastobasis retectella Zeller, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,
Chambers,
Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p.
Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, p. 104, No. 5575.

Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No.
Holcocera rectectella
Tyye.
52, 1902, p. 529,
Female, No. 101611, Mus. Walsingham.

Bosque County, Texas, August 29 (Belfrage,
Habitat.
No. 5978.
collector)
have a second specimen (female. No. 33097, Mus. Walsingham),

also collected by Belfrage, dated September 2, 1876.
I
a Can. Ent., IX, 1877, p. 72.

6
Trans. Cin. Soc. Nat,. His., II, 1880, p. 203,
fig.
24.
PRO f'FEDINaS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
202
VALENTINIA FRACTILINEA
vol.
xxxm.
Zeller.
Blaslobasis Jmciilincu Z?:ller, Verli. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien,
XXIII,
1873, p. 298,
pi. IV, figs. 37 a-h.
Holcocera fractilinea
Type.
Dyar, Bull. U.
Male, No.
S. Nat.
Mas., No. 52, 1902, p. 529, No. 5984.
101612, Mus. Walsingham; paratype, male, No.
101613, Mus. Walsingham.

Habitat.
Bosque County, Texas, August
1-19 (Belfrage, collector).
VALENTINIA NOTHROTES, new
species.
Antennse pale slaty brownish.

Palpi grayish brown, with whitish sprinkling.
Head and thorax whitish, with grayish fuscous speckling, especially
in a band across the front of the thorax and another across the posterior half of the tegulae.
Forewings dirty white, profusely sprinkled with grayish fuscous, of
which a transverse fascia crosses the wing at one-third this is slightly

angulated outward in the middle, and partially diffused outward at
the middle and about the costa; at the end of the cell a somewhat
less defined, straight, transverse fascia occurs, absorbing the two
spots which would otherwise appear at the end of the cell, corresponding to a small discal spot at about the middle of the wing; the
apical area is thickly bestrewn and mottled with gTayish fuscous;
cilia brownish gray, sprinkled with whitish and grayish fuscous
;
atoms.

Hindwings brownish gra}^;
Abdomen
cilia slightly paler.
slaty gray, anal tuft paler.
Legs pale brownish gray.

Type.
Male, No. 35536, Mus. Walsingham.
Habitat.
Arizona,
1883 (Morrison, collector).
small and narrow-winged species,
somewhat
Unique.
similar in markings
which it agrees in having a strong notch and

pecten on the antennse, and 4 and 5 of the hindwings stalked, but is
quite distinct in size and shape.
to retectella Zeller, with
Genus BLASTOBASIS
Zeller.
BLASTOBASIS(?) CITRICOLELLA Chambers.

S. Dept. Agric, for 1879, 1880, p. 207.
Dept. Agr., for 1879, 1880, pp. 206-7.Hy. Edwards,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 35, 1889, p. 125. Riley, Smith's List Lep. Bor.
Am., 1891, p. 104, No. 5561.
Blastobasis citriella Chambers, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., for 1879, 1880, p. 245.
Blastobasis citricolella
Chambers, Rept. U.
CoMSTOCK, Rept. U.
S.
NEW AMERICAN
TINEID JrOTHSWALSINGHAM.
203
Antennse with strong flattened tuft beneath basal joint (not a

but closely packed curved scales as in Auxirnohasis)
bristly pecten,
whitish cinereous.
Palpi slightly recurved, divergent, reaching well beyond the head;
terminal joint more than two-thirds the length of median; whitisli,
speclded with fawn brown.
Head smooth; white,
slightly sprinlded
with brownish gray.
Thorax brownish gray above, tegul?p whitish, sprinkled with

brownish gray.
Forewings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked; white, suffused and
sprinkled with brownish fuscous intermixed with pale fawn brown;
the markings, so far as the darker shading of these colors indicates
them, tend to be longitudinal and consist of a strong line along the
fold from near the base, almost joining a spot in the fold above the
middle of the dorsum, below the fold the base is suffused; a shorter
line on the disc, above the fold, runs parallel to the upper half of
the plical line, and above it, below the costa, as well as beyond it on
the outer half of the disc are sundry mottlings of the same mixed
color; two spots, obscurely indicated at the upper and lower angles
of the cell, the lower one a little beyond the upper; an ill-defined
obilque streak at four-fifths precedes a broken antemarginal shade,
which, leaving the costa at the commencement of the cilia, strikes
outward to the apex and reverts at an angle along the termen, the
dorsal space behind its lower extremity being much shaded; cilia
whitish, much speckled and shaded with pale brownish fuscous,
which has a tendency to form slender parallel lines through them,

but fading out towards the tornus.
Hindwings (detached) 7 veins, and 4 coincident; 5 closely approximated to (3+4) at origin, 6 and 7 parallel; shining, pale-brownish
.3
gray cilia dull-brownish gray.

Legs (missing).
r?/2JP. Female, Cat. No. 3774 U.S.N.M.; Walsingham determined,
;
No. 3688, 1898.
Jacksonville, Florida.
Larva in dry orange infested by

March 17, 1880. Uniciue.
The type, a female, consists of thorax and head, left forewing
The palpi are
(torn), right hindwing (broken), and left antenna.
broken and the abdomen is missing as also the right forewing and
Habitat.
beetle {Arseocerus fasciculatus)
issued,
hindwing. It is probably a Blastobasis Zeller, but this can not

be decided from a female.
This species is omitted from Dyar's List of North American Lepi-
left
doptera.
204
BLASTOBASIS?, new
new species [Riley and Howard],
IV (1892), p. 290.
Blasiobasis,
Life,
vol. xxxin.
species.
U. S. Dept. Agr. Ent. Bull.. Ins.
Australia.
Larva on CJiionasjns on oranoe
Habitat.
Washington by Koebele).
BLASTOBASIS COCCIVORELLA
(sent
to
Chambers.
Chambers, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., fur

245. CoMSTOCK, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., for 1879, 1880,
Blasiobasis coccivorella
1879, 1880, pp. 207,

p.
244. Packard,
U. S. Dept. Agr., Intr. Ent. Comin. Bull., No. 7, 1881, p. 54.Douglass,

Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, 1888, p. 228.Hy. Edwards, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
No. 35, 1889, p. 125. Packard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Rept. Ent. Comm., V,
1890, p. 219. Riley, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, p. 104, No. 5562.
Type.
A female.
Cedar Keys,
Habitat.
Florida.
Larva in Coccid-scales on oak
{Kermes, species, near pallidus Reaumur). Collected in March issued

between April 1-10. This species is omitted from Dyar's List. If the
type is still extant there should be no difficulty in placing it in
;
'^
its
proper genus.
Chambers's reference to the neuration
is
doubtless
incorrect.
Genus
HOLCOCERA
Clemens.
HOLCOCERA NIGROSTRIATA,
new
species.
Antennse yellowish; basal joint considerably widened, with strong

pecten, dirty whitish.
Palpi white, sprinkled with blackish scales, very densely on the

outer sides.
Head and thorax white, sprinkled with blackish scales.

Forewings white, much sprinkled and striated with blackish scales;
an elongate patch of these scales extends from the base along the
fold to about one-sixth, and is diffused downward to the flexus; a
narrower streak from the base near the costa extends to a little
beyond one-third, running parallel with the costa, but not touching
beyond this, and a little further removed from the costa, a shorter
it
;
but darker streak follows the upper edge of the
cell
to its outer extrem-
two other streaks, commencing rather nearer to the base, are

situated on the cell and on the fold, respectively, while there is an
indication of two dark dots at the end of the cell, scarcely more
conspicuous than the blackish dusting which is generally distributed
around them, and especially along the margins to the apex; cilia
pale yellowish brown, speckled with white and fuscous.
ity;
Alar expanse.
13 mm.
a
The type
is lost.
Harrison
G. Dyar.
NEW AMERICAN
TINEID
MOTHS WALSINGHAM.
205
Hindvnngs shining, pale brownish gray; ciHa yellowish.

whitish, with transverse fuscous lines.
Ahdomen
Legs whitish.
Tyjje.
Female, No. 35531 Mus. Walsingham; paratype female
Cat. No. 10672, U.S.N.M.
Arizona, 1883 (Morrison, collector). Two specimens.
Habitat.
This species can only be compared with gigaiitella Chambers, from
which its much smaller size at once distinguishes it; it also lacks the
The male is unknown,
radiating lines towards the apex of the wing.
but nigrostriata is doubtless more correctly referred to Holcocera
than to
Catacrijpsis.
HOLCOCERA APHIDIELLA, new

Blastobasis aphidiella Riley,
Ann. Rept. U.
S.
species.
Dept. Agr.
for 1886, 1887, p. 485.
Riley's merely logonymic reference to this species
"Blastobasis aphidiella, Riley MS.,
we have
feeding on the contents of Phylloxera hickory
is
as follows:
reared from larvae
galls."**
Antennx strongly notched beyond the basal joint, the basal extremity of the notch very plainl}^ indicated by a truncate patch of scales
from the lower margin of which the slender bent stem continues;
beyond this they are biciliate j basal joint with a strong scale-pecten
tawny gray.
Palpi slender, pointed, slightly recurved, reaching beyond the
;
basal joint of the antennae, the terminal joint nearly as long as the
median brownish cinereous, the median joint darkened externally.

Head and thorax with an iridescent greenish luster; tegiila^ tipped
;
with cupreous.
Forewings with 12 veins, 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa; tawny reddish
gray; a darker discal spot, a little beyond one-third, is succeeded by
a larger spot (or confluent pair of spots) at the end of the cell, below
which the outer extremity of the fold is also dark-shaded; cilia
brownish cinereous; underside not iridescent.
Hindwings with 8 veins, 5 out of the stalk of (3 + 4) rather shining,
brownish gray with greenish and cupreous iridescence toward the
base; cilia brownish cinereous, with a slight ocherous tinge; underside decidedly iridescent.
Abdomen brownish cinereous.
Legs brownish cinereous.
ri/2>e. Male, Cat. No. 10676, U.S.N.M., Walsingham determined.
No. 3689, 1899 ("31. Unique; not named in Europe, 1884, 1886."
Riley).
a
Ann. Rept. U.
S.
Dept. Agr.
for 1886, 1887, p. 485.
206
vol. xxxiii.
United States (probably Washington City)

Pupa in gall
Phylloxera on Carya alba, October, 1882, issued May 12, 1883.
Unique. This species is most nearly allied to quisquiliella Zeller.
Habitat.
of
CAT-ACRYPSIS," new genus.

Type of the genus.
Oatacrypsis nucella Walsingham.
Antennse without a notch in the male; basal joint with pecten,

dilated and curved; not ciliate, slightly dentate on the
outer half.
Maxillary palpi moderate.
Labial palpi somewhat recurved, reaching above the vertex.
Haustellum clothed.
Head and thorax smooth.
Forewings narrow at the base, widening outward.
Neuration 12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa; 3 and 4 connate,
or closely approximate.
Hindwings rather broadly ovate, at least as broad as the forewings flexus somewhat angular.
Neuration 8 veins; 3 and 4 stalked, 5 connate, with or out of
slightly
(3+4); 6 and 7 separate, nearly
Abdomen somewhat
parallel.
flattened.
Legs, hind tibiae hairy, tarsi smooth.
Closely allied to Holcocera Clemens, but without the notch in the
antennse of the male.
CATACRYPSIS NUCELLA, new
species.
Antennse brownish fuscous; basal joint yellowish brown.

Palpi yellowish brown, shaded with brownish fuscous externally.
Head, and thorax yellowish brown.
Forewings, male, yellowish brown, more or less suffused with
purplish fuscous, especially along the costa and on the outer portion
of the wing, an outwardly -bowed transverse shade of the same indicated at one-third from the base at the end of the cell is a reduplicated fuscous spot; cilia pale jêllowish brown; female with the
fuscous shading having a purplish tinge, and being very much thicker
and more generalh^ distributed than in the male (in some male
specimens the suffusion is almost entirely absent), the basal third of
the wing and a patch at the lower extremity of the cell alone exhibiting the paler ground color.
Alar expanse. 16-18 mm.
;
Hindwings pale brownish gray; cilia yellowish brown.

Abdomen and legs pale brownish ochreous.
Type. Msile, No. 30646; female. No. 30647, Mus. Walsingham;
paratypes, male and female. Cat. No. 10670, U.S.N.M.
a
From the Greek word KaraKpvipis,
signifying occultation.
NEW AMERICAN
N0.1567.
207
Colorado, Loveland, 5,000 feet, July, 1891; September,

Habitat.
1891 (W. G. Smith, collector). Thirty specimens.
This species could only be compared with Holcocera pwrpurocomella Clemens, of which I have only a single female, and if Clemens
rightly referred his species to the genus Holcocera they are of course
structurally distinct, but apart
from
this I
can not regard them as
identical.
CATACRYPSIS STYGNA, new
species.
Antennse pectinate, but not notched purplish gray.

Palpi purplish gray.
Head and thorax purplish gray, the tegulse with a distinct coppery
;
tinge.
For swings tawny vinous gray, a purplish sheen strongly exjDressed

middle and outer lialf of the costa slightly
darker than the remainder of the wing; the commencement of this
dark shading extends across the wing to the dorsum, leaving the
preceding space outwardly angulate at the middle and of a paler or
more grayish shade; a reduplicated shade-spot at the outer end of
the cell is very obscurely indicated; cilia brownish gray, with a
at the base of the costa, the
slight
tawny
suffusion.

Hindwings brownish gray;
Ahdomen
cilia
pale buff-brownish.
(missing).
Legs brownish gray, with broad tawny tarsal bands.

Type.
Mendocino County, north of Mendocino City, California
Habitat.
Unique.
(close to the town), June 3-5, 1871 (Walsingham, collector).
Very similar in appearance to Holcocera purpurocomella Clemens,

but differing in the absence of the notch in the antennae.
CATACRYPSIS URSELLA, new
species.
Antennx with pecten, but without notch; pale brownish ochreous.

Palpi brownish gra}" externally, dirty whitish on their inner sides.
Head and thorax bone-whitish, the latter tinged with brownish
gray anteriorly.
Forewings bone-white, much suffused and sprinkled with brownish
gray, overclouding the costa as well as the apical area beyond the
cell, but less profusely along the dorsum and scarcely at all along the
disc; a faintly indicated narrow brownish gray fascia seems to leave
the costa at one-third from the base, and, after interruption on the
cell, is bent inward from the fold to the dorsum at one-fourth; this is
somewhat accentuated in the fold, where it probably absorbs a small
darker spot, corresponding to, but preceding, a larger brownish fuscous discal spot about the middle of the wing; two smaller darker
spots are indicated at the end of the cell, and one at the lower edge of
208
vol.
xxxm.
cell equidistant between the inner and outer discal spots; the
apex is slightly mottled, the cilia pale brownish gray.
Hindwings pale gray, with a slight brownish tinge; cilia pale
brownish ochreous.
A hdomen grayish
Legs pale brownish ochreous.
r?/pe. Male, No. 90438, Mus. Walsingham.
Shasta County, Bear Creek, California, July 27-28.
Habitat.
1871 (Walsingham, collector). Unique.
The species is larger than inconspicua and more marked the general pattern much as usual in this group, but the difference of structure renders it easily distinguishable from Valentinia glandulella
Riley, Holcocera chalcofrontella Clemens, or Eypatopa texanella
the
Walsingham.
CATACRYPSIS IRENICA, new
species.
Antennse,iema\e, hTowiiish gray; basal joint with strong pecten,

paler.
Palpi grayish white, median joint grayish brown externally nearly

to its apex; terminal joint also sprinkled with grayish brown.
'
Head and thorax whitish, slightly sprinkled with brownish gray.
F'orewings grayish white, with brown-gray sprinkling, especially on

the outer two-thirds of the costa and on the dorsal and apical portions
of the wing; a patch of this at the base of the costa, mixed with some
ferruginous scales; a similar patch before the middle of the costa

exhibiting more of the ferruginous coloring, which is diffused downward to the fold, touching the inner extremity of an elongate-ovate
blackish-brown discal spot, beyond which, at the end of the cell, are
two smaller spots of the same color, which is also faintly reproduced
in a diffused patch or cloud
on the dorsum beneath them and on the
costa beyond them; cilia hoary grayish.

Hindwings shining, yellowish gray, with pale brownish ochert)US
cilia.
Abdomen whitish
gray.
Legs whitish, shaded with brownish gray on their outer sides.

Type. Femsih, No. 90429, Mus. Walsingham.
Habitat.^Mendocino County, mouth of Albion River, California,
May 30-31, 1871 (Walsingham, collector); British Columbia, New
Westminster, June
specimens.
13,
1900
(C.
W.
Durrant, collector).
CATACRYPSIS INCONSPICUA, new

Antennse pale grayish brown.
Palpi grayish brown, darkened externally.
Head and thorax grayish brown.
species.
Two
NEW AMERICAN
N0.1567.
TINEID
MOTHS WALSINGHAM.
209
Forewings grayish brown through a profuse (histmg, amounting to

an ahnost entire suffusion of this color upon a pale cinereous ground;
the only marking indicated is a slight and obscure transverse shade at
two-fifths from the base and a reduplicated brownish fuscous spot
at the end of the cell cilia pale grayish brown.
Hindwing,s sliming, purplish gray; cilia yellowish brown.
Ahdomen shining, brownish gray.
Legs pale yellowish brown.
Male, No. 90433, Mus. Walsingham; paratype male, Cat.
Type.
No. 10669 U.S.N.M.
Shasta County (Hatchet Creek), California, July 14-17.
Habitat.
Five s])ecimens.
1871 (Walsingham, collector.)
CATACRYPSIS FLUXELLA
Zeller.
Blastohasis (?) fluxella Zeller, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wicn,
XXIII,
1873, pp.
301-302. Chambers, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 131. Riley, Smith
List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, p. 104, No. 5565.
Holcocera fluxella Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 52, 1902, p. 529, No. 5971.
Male, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, MassaHahitaf. Bosque County, Texas, October
1876 (Belfrage, colTyj)e.
chusetts.
11,
lector)
from a single male without notched

and with broader hindwings and palpi three or four times
Zeller described this species
antennse,
as long as those of aiifugella Zeller.
can not therefore be referred to either Holcocera or

a single male (33096), collected by Belfrage in
Texas, which exactly agrees with Zeller's description, and having
vein 5 of the hindwings out of the stalk of 3 and 4 proves the s])ecies to belong to Cafacrypsis.
B.
( ?)
Pigritia.
fluxella
I have
CATACRYPSIS MORRISONI, new
species.
Antennae with moderate pecten; pale brownish ocherous.

Palpi brownish ocherous.
Head and
thorax grayish brown, with paler speckling.

Forewings rather narrow, elongate, not widening outwardly; bonewhite, with grayish brown suffusion, especiall}^ around the margins;
a brownish shade at the base of the costa, a darker streak in the basal
third of the fold, difl"used and diluted to the flexus; beneath it a tri-
angular brownish fuscous dorsal patch, arising a little before the midobliquely outward and ending obtusely on the cell at
about half the wing length; beyond it a, pair of brownish fuscous spots
dle, directed
end of the
apex and termen;
at the
cell
cilia
and a few
ill-defined similar spots
grayish brown.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxiii07
14
around the
PROCEED INOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
210
Alar expanse.
Hindivings
vol
xxxm.
17 mm.
pale
shining,
brownish
gray;
cilia
pale
brownish
ocherous.
Abdomen and
legs pale
brownish ocherous.

Habitat. Arizona, 1882 (Morrison,
Type.
collector).
Unique.
narrow- winged species, differing much in appearance from any
already described, and quite unlike such exponents of allied genera as
I have before me.
CYNOTES, new
genus.
Type of genus. Blasfobasis iceryaeeUa Riley.

Antennse not more than ; basal joint slightly dilated, curved, hollowed beneath, with a strong pecten consisting of thick scale clothing;
a distinct deeply excised notch beyond it; beyond this the antennae
are biciliate, the ciliations diminishing in length outwardly.
Maxillary palpi meeting above the base of the haustellum.

Labial palpi recurved, reaching above the base of the antennae.
Haustellum moderate, clothed.
Head thickly clothed, moderately broad, a fringe of long diverging
hair scales beneath the eye.
Thorax smooth.
Forewings elongate, widening outwardly.
Neuration, 12 veins; 7 and 8 stalked, 7 to costa; rest separate.
Hindwings at
least as
wide toward their base as the outer half of
the forewing; flexus angulate; apex obtusely rounded.
Neuration, 8 veins; 3 and 4 connate; 5 separate; 6 and 7 separate.
Abdomen
rather short, flattened.

Legs stout, hind tibiae and tarsi clothed with hair-scales, the tarsi
less cons])icuously.
Allied to Hypatopa,
from which
it
differs in the
notched antennae
of the male.
CYNOTES ICERYAEELLA
Riley.
Ann. Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr. for 1886, 1887, pp.

484-485,485-486; same for 1888, 1889, p. 86; Ins. Life. 1, 1888, p. 130; Smith's
List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, p. 104, No. 5569.
Blastobasis iceryaeeUa Riley,
Holcocera icenjaeella
Dyar,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 52, 1902, p. 529, No. 5974.
Type. A male and a female. Cat. No. 473, U.S.N.M.

Doctor Dyar evidently regards this species as an importation from
Australia, but we still lack exact information, for Doctor Riley omitted
to furnish any data when describmg the species.
Through the kindness of Doctor Howard I received some of Coquillett's specimens
labeled "Pupa on orange."
These may have been imported, but
they can not affect the fact that my collector, the late Thomas Eedle,

NO. 1507.
NE W AMERICA N
TINEID
MO THS ]VA LSISGHA M.
211
while waiting for me to start on my collecting trip in California and

Oregon, took a single specimen (No. 90428) at Sacramento between
April 24 and
May
16, 1871.
Genus
i/i/patima
HYPATOPA, new
Herrich-Scuaeffeh,
pi. XIII, figs.
name.
Syst. Besciii. Schmett. Eur.,V, 1853, pp. 47, 217,
Staudinger and Rebel, Cat. Lep. Eur.,

353. Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 52, 1902,
15-16 (not Hiibner).
Pt. 2, 1901, p. 164, No.

p. 528.
Type of genus.
A.
Oecophora inunctella
HINDWINGS WITH VEINS
Zeller.
3
AND
HYPATOPA TEXANELLA,
new
STALKED.
species.
Antennx, male, with conspicuous pecten, but without notch; pale

brownish gray.
Palpi brownish gray, slightly darker on their outer side.
Head brownish cinereous.
Thorax cinereous, shaded with brownish gray.
Forewings hoary whitish cinereous, shaded and speckled with
brownish gray, especially at the base, along the costa, more widely
on the outer half, as well as on the apical and dorsal portions of the
wing; with an outwardly curved, ill-defined, brownish gray fascia,
at about one-third from the base, followed by a discal spot of the
same color slightly above the middle; at the end of the cell are two
spots, one above the other, corresponding to the angles of the cell, and
below and beyond these is a less clearly definetl spot touching the
dorsum about the tornus; cilia brownish gray.
Hindwings and cilia pale 3'ellowish brown, the former with a rather
shining gloss.
Abdomen
pale yellowish brown.

Legs pale yellowish brown, the tarsi faintly mottled.
Type. Male, No. 33087; female. No. 33089, Mus. Walsingham;
paratypes male and famale, Cat. No. 10671, U.S.N.M.
Hahitat.Bosque County, Texas. April 28-May 20, October 6-10,
1876 (Belfrage, collector). Nine specimens.
HYPATOPA
EPISCIA, new
species.
Antennse, paljn, head, and thorax uniformly grayish cinereous.
Forewings grayish cinereous, somewhat mottled with slightly

darker shades; the first of these at the basal third takes the form of a
rather wide band from the costa, but does not reach the dorsum;
beyond this lies a small darkened spot, and about the tornus is a
small patch of the same color preceded and followed by others smaller
and less conspicuous; cilia concolorous with the wing.
212
vol. xxxiii.

Hindwings and cilia pale grayish, with a
slight
brownish ochreous
iridescence.
Abdomen
pale grayish, inclining to ochreous posteriorly.

Legs conforming in color to the hindwings, tarsal joints not shaded.
Type.Ms\e, No. 90420; female, No. 90421, Mns.Walsingham; paratype male, Cat. No. 10675, U.S.N.M.
Sonoma County, Russian River, California, May 19, 1871
Habitat.
Dry Creek, May 20-21, 1871 Mendocino County, head of Noyo River
Lake, June 12, 1871 (Walsingham,

Five specimens.
In some specimens there are two elongate spots on the fold, but
such markings are so little differentiated from the ground-color as to
be scarcely worthy of description. The whole insect has a plain
unornamented appearance, it is somewhat darker and grayer than
conia, from which it differs in having veins 3 and 4 of the hindwings
June 8-11, 1871; past
Little
collector).
stalked instead of connate.

B.
HINDWINGS WITH VEINS
HYPATOPA CONIA,
AND
new
CONNATE.
species.
Antennse cinereous.
Palpi whitish cinereous, sprinkled with brownish fuscous; median
joint browmish fuscous externally, except its apex, which is whitish.
Head and thorax whitish cinereous, dusted with brownish fuscous.
Forewings whitish cinereous, dusted with brownish fuscous, especially on the costal and dorsal portions; an elongate brownish fuscous
spot before the middle, sometimes reduplicated above toward the
base; there is sometimes an elongate spot of the same color in the fold
below them, a slight shade at the end of the cell, and a few ill-defined
groups of brownish fuscous scales around the apex; cilia whitish
cinereous, inclining to grayish at the tornus, dusted with brownish
throughout; underside scarcely darker than the pale, shining hindwings.

Hindwings cinereous, with a slight brownish tinge;
cilia
})aler,
inclining to ochreous.
Abdomen
pale grayish, inclining to ochreous posteriorly.
Legs of the same color as the
cilia of
the hindwings, tarsal joints
somewhat griseous.
Type.Msde, No. 90405; female, No. 90408; Mus. Walsingham;
paratypes male and female, Cat. No. 10674, U.S.N.M.
Lake County, Blue Lake, California, June 15-16, 1871;
Habitat.
Siskiyou County, Mount Shasta, October, 1871 (Walsingham, colFifteen specimens.
lector).
N0.1567.
XEW AMERTCAX
TJNEfD MOTnt<WAT.STNGIJAM.
213
This species differs iromfasciata in the absence of the wide curved

of the forewing, and in its paler coloring, but
other respects it bears great resemblance to it, although in many
band before the middle

in
specimens the markings are wholly or partly obliterated.
HYPATOPA FASCIATA,
new
species.
Antennse- with a pecten, but not notched; brownish fuscous.

Palpi l^rownish fuscous, both joints tippeil with hoary fuscous.
Head and thorax hoary, dusted with brownish fuscous.
Forewings hoary, profusely sprinkled with brownish fuscous; a
somewhat outwardly curved brownish fuscous fascia, at one-third
from the base, is preceded by a distinct line of the pale ground-color
and followed about its middle by a thickened ])atch of brownish
fuscous, sometimes divided into two spots on the pale discal surface;
there is a longitudinal streak of the same color lying in the fold

beyond its middle, and at the end of the fold, opposite the tornus, is
a somewhat triangular patch of brownish fuscous, its apex pointing
toward the costa; a series of indistinct mottlings or groups of scales
are noticeable in good specimens around the termen; cilia hoary,
inclining to grayish, with two slender lines running throughout from
tornus to apex; underside unicolorous pale brownish gray, with a
slight iridescence.

Hindwings shining, pale brownish, with an iridescent luster in a
strong light; cilia the same, slightly paler along their base; underside
unicolorous pale brownish gray, slightly iridescent.
Ahclomen shining, pale brownish gray; anal tuft corresponding in
color with the hindwings.
Legs pale brownish, the tarsal joints somewhat shaded with
brownish fuscous.
Type. Male, No. 90388, Mus. Walsingham; paratypes male. Cat.
No. "l0673, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.
Head of Noyo River, Mendocino County, California,
June 8-11, 1871 past Little Lake, June 12, 1871; Lake County, Blue
Lake, June 15-16, 1871; Colusa County, North Fork Cache Creek,
June 24-26, 1871 (Walsingham, collector). Sixteen specimens.
HYPATOPA ORITES,
new
species.
Antennse brownish gray; basal joint pectinate.

Palpi strongly recurved to the back of the head above; grayish
white, much dusted with brownish fuscous, especially on the outer
side of the median joint.
Head gTa3dsh white, sprinkled with fuscous.
Thorax grayish white, suffused and sprinkled with brownish
fuscous.
214
vol. xxxiii.
Forewings grayish white, suffused and sprinkled with brownish

is exhibited a dark
discal shade-spot and another at the end of the cell is less overclouded
with fuscous sprinkling than the margins or apex of the wing; a little
beyond the discal spot is an elongate dark streak in the fold, and a
dark shade at the end of the fold is a little less obliquely placed in
relation to a spot at the end of the cell; the apex and termen show
slight pale interruptions in the dark shading, which gives the appearance of a series of ill-defined marginal shade-spots extending through
the whitish gray cilia; the whole wing has thus a mottled and speckled
appearance, the white ground-color showing chiefly before and
beyond the discal spot, and in two rather oblique marks pointing to
the fiexus beneath the basal half of the fold.
fuscous; the central portion of the wing, on which

Hindwings shining, grayish brown; cilia brownish ochreous.
Abdomen pale brownish ochreous.
Legs pale brownish ochreous.
Ty2)e. Female, No. 90427, Mus. Walsingham.
Habitat.
Mount Shasta, Siskiyou County, California, August,
1871 (Walsingham, collector).
Unique.
Family
STENOMATID.E.
=Xyloryctidie Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 52, 1902, pp. 518-9.
Allied to Xyloryctidse Meyrick, but differing in having veins 7
and
8 pi the forewings separate.

This family is characteristic of tropical America, but would include
Agriophara Rosenstock'^ (the only Australian genus with veins 7 and
by Meyrick to the Xyloryctidse)

and a few Indian forms.
The species belonging to various genera of the Stenomatidse have
been generally erroneously described as " CryptolecMa" (OecophoridaO
which genus differs in having 7 and 8 of the forewings stalked, and 6
and 7 of the hindwings separate and parallel.
8 of the forewings separate referred
MENESTOMORPHA&, new
genus.
Type of the genus. Male of Menestomorpha oblongata Walsingham.

Antennse biciliate (2^).
Maxillary palpi rudimentary.
Labial palpi recurved, median joint of even width throughout,
closely clothed; terminal joint rather more than half the length of
the median, reaching above the vertex, acuminate.
a
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.
From Menesta and
(5),
XVI,
1885, p. 439.
juopcpr}, signifying form.
NE W A MERICA N TINEID MO THS WA LSINGHA M.
NO. 1567.
215
Ha iistdlurn mod erate

Head
above.
roii2;h
Thorax smooth.
Forewings elongate, oblong, ef approximately eqnal width throughout, costa very slightly depressed along mitldle, termen oblique.
Neuration 11 veins; 2 and 3 coincident, stalked with 4; 7 and 8
separate, 7 to apex; rest separate.
Hindwings (2), evenly rounded to the somewhat prolonged apex,
not sinuate below apex.
Neuration 7 veins; 3 and 4 coincident, connate with 5; 6 and 7
stalked.
Ahdomen somewhat
stout.
Legs, hind tibiae hairy.
by coincidence
Allied to Ide Chambers, ])ut differing in the loss
of
a vein in both wings.
MENESTOMORPHA OBLONGATA,
Antennx
new
species.
cinereous.
Palpi, head,
and thorax whitish cinereous, mixed with grayish
fuscous scales.
Forewings whitish cinereous, streaked and speckled with grayish

fuscous, a slight indication of a grayish fuscous transverse
band form-
ing a ver}^ indistinct basal patch, a slender grayish fuscous line beyond
it
in the fold,
and above
this
toward the costa, some grayish fuscous
shading, blending with a series of ill-defined grayish fuscous streaks,

following the lines of the veins, beyond the
termen
cell
along the termen, reaching to the apex,
is
to the costa
and
a series of five or
six obscure grayish fuscous spots; cilia grayish fuscous,

line
with a darker
along their base above the middle; underside pale brownish
cinereous.
Alar expanse 15 mm.

Hindwings brownish gray cilia somew^hat paler, a slender grayish
fuscous line along the margin at the base and two parallel shades of
grayish fuscous running through them; underside pale brownish
;
cinereous.
Ahdomen brownish
gray, with some grayish fuscous scaling.

Legs wdiitish cinereous.
Type.
Male, No. 32542, Mus. Walsingham; paratype. Cat. No.
(Walsingham determined, No. 4778, 1906.)
10347, U.S.N. M.
Hahitat.
Fort Grant, Arizona, from Cynipid gall on oak, issued
April 22, 1882 (Morrison, collector).
216
Family
vol. xxxiii.
HYPONOMEUTID.E.
Genus COLEOPHORA Hubner.

COLEOPHORA PRUNIELLA Clemens and Walsingham.
Coleophora pruniella Clemens, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.,
ens
in
Am.,
Stainton, Tin. No.
I,
1861, pp. 78, 79.
1872, pp. 165-167.
Zeller, Verh.
Clemzool.-
310. Chambers, Bull. U. S.

Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. Ill, 136. Packard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Int. Ent.
Comm. Bull., VII, 1881, p. 134. Hy. Edwards, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
No. 35, 1889, p. 128. Packard, Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ent. Comm., V,
1890, p. 528, No. 17. Riley, Smith's List Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, p. 106, No.
5699. Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 52, 1902, p. 533, No. 6034.
bot. Gesell. Wien.,
XXIII,
1873, pp. 309,
Larva on Primus serotinus, imago unknown.

Antennx grayish fuscous, without a basal tuft, basal joint enlarged.
Palpi with a very small tuft from the median joint; hoary.
Head and thorax hoary.
Forewings hoary whitish gray, sprinkled with fuscous scales, the
apex irrorated with fuscous.; a distinct, but not clearly defined, spot
above the tornub at one-third from the dorsum; costal cilia greyish,
terminal cilia hoary gray, dorsal cilia pale grayish.
Alar expanse 13.5 mm.
Hindwings shining gray; cilia pale grayish.
Abdomen and legs grayish, the tarsal joints with faintly paler bands.
This agrees with Clemens' description, but he omits to say
Case.
that it is pale ochreous, with a slight ridge along the top from mouth
to apex.
Type.Ferasde (Walsingham determined No. 4943, 1906), U.S.N.M.

Placer County, California. Larva on Prunus demissa,
issued August.
Unique.
This species is distinct from occidentis Zeller. The imago was
Habitat.
unknown
to Clemens.
COLEOPHORA OCCIDENTIS
Coleophora occidentis
Zeller, Verh.
zool.-bot.
Zeller.
Ges. Wien.,
XXIII,
1873, pp.
309-311.
Coleophora occidentalis
Riley, Smith's
Chambers,
Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, p. 136.
Lep. Bor. Am., 1891, p. 106, No. 5695.

Coleophora prvniella Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 52, 1902, p. 533, No. 6034.
Type.
List.
In Mus. Walsingham.
Massachusetts.
Habitat.
COLEOPHORA LAPIDICORNIS,
Antennx without a basal
pale
stone-color,
toward the
tips.
inclining
tuft,
to
new
species.
but the basal joint
is
thickened;
whitish ochreous, faintly annulate
NEW AMERICAN
NO. 1567.
217
Palpi with a slight brush from the median joint; stone-gray.
Head and thorax stone-gray.

Forewings stone-color, with a slight brownish tinge, with numerous
intermixed with some whitish ones, especially
on the outer half of the wings; the lines are not clearly defined, but
one subcostal, one along the fold, one along the dorsum, and about
three from the apical portion, pointing inward, are faintly distin-
lines of blackish scales
guishable
gray.
cilia
Alar expanse. 1.1.5 mm.

Hindwings and cilia gray.
Abdomen and legs brownish gray.
Type.Mah (Walsingham determined, No. 4927, 1006), Cat. No.
10348, U.S.N.M.
issued Oct()l)or 14,
Akron, Ohio; Larva on Pru?M/.
Habitat.
1890 (E. M. Claypole, collector). Unique.
COLEOPHORA VAGANS,
new
species.
Antennse faintly annulate, lirownish gray.

Palpi simple, without a basal tuft l^rownish gray.
Head and thorax dull brownish gray.
Forewings dull brownish gra}^, with very faintl}^ indicated lines of
mixed fuscous and pale scales; one running from the base about the
middle, slightly bent downward toward the tornus; another on the
;
few indications of oblique pale lines between the middle of

the costa and the apex, pointing inward, and a slight sprinkling of
blackish scales about the apex; costal cilia slightly paler than the
fold; a
dorsal.
Alar expanse.
12 mm.
Hindwings grayish;
Abdomen
cilia
brownish gray.
(greasy).
Legs (broken).
Tyjje. Female (Walsingham determined. No. 4928, 1906). Cat.
No. 10349, U.S.N.M.
Triangular at the apex, cylindrical, slightly bulged, the
Case.
mouth l)ent over; general color stone-grayish, a brownish patch
above, extending from the mouth, which is slightly lipped, to about
one-third of
Habitat.
its
length.
New
York
larva
city,
on
grass, issued
August, 1888.
Unique.
Genus CCELOPCETA", new genus.

Type of
ham.
the genus.
Antennse.
^
Male
Male, simple,
From
KoiXoi,
signifyiiifj;
and female, Co'lopata
glutinosi Walsing-
basal joint with pecten.
hollow; and non/ryi, signifying a maker.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
218
vol. xxxin.
Maxillary 'palpi obsolete.

Labial palpi moderate, curved, slightly ascending; terminal joint
much
shorter than median.
Ilaustellmn naked.
Ocelli absent.
Head and
tliorax smooth.
Forewings tapering, acute.
Neuration 12 veins; 2, 3, and 4 separate, discoidal subobsolete
l>etween 4 and 5; 5 out of radius before <S, apparently connate with
6 and 7 stalked, inclosing the apex, 8 out of stalk of (6 + 7)
(6 + 7 + 8)
tornal branch of media traceable between 3 and 4, rest of media subobsolete; 1*^ strongly furcate, 1' strongly developed outwârdly. Hindwings -o, tapering, acute, margins not sinuate; cilia 2^.
Neuration 8 veins; cubitus strong, as also 2 and 3; media weak, its
upper fork subobsolete, but becoming distinct as vein 5; discoidal
;
obsolete; radius strong, 6 and 7 stalked; 8 strong.
Ahdomen moderate, wide
at tlie base.
Legs hind tibia? hairy above and l)eneath.

This genus belongs to the group of ElacMsta Treitschke, from
which it differs entirely in its larval habits and in having all the
In ElacMsta vein 6 of the forewings
veins present in both wings.
arises
from the stalk
stalked, vein 8 arising
of
(7+8), while
from
in Côelopa4a veins 6
and
7 are
their stem.
COELOPCETA GLUTINOSI, new
species.
Antennse fawn-whitish, barred on the upper side with fuscous.

Palpi whitish.
Head and thorax whitish, sprinkled with fawn.
Forewings fawn-whitish, profusely sprinkled and shaded throughout with fawn-ocherous, or fawn-brown, a few fuscous scales at the
extreme base of the costa, and at the base of the costal and apical
cilia fawn-ocherous, sprinkled on their basal
cilia in some specimens
half with fawn-brown.
Alar expanse. 12-13 nun.
Hindwings tawny gray; cilia rather paler, grayish fuscous.
;
Ahdomen gray;
anal tuft fawn-wdiitish.
Legs whitish; hind tarsal joints barred with fuscous.

Ty2ê.Ma\e, No. 90511; female, No. 90512 in Mus. Walsingham;
paratypes, male and female, No. 10350, U.S.N.M. (11 specimens.)
California, Mendocino County, Coal Creek Canon (PotHabitat.
ter's Valley), June 14, 1871; larvse in galls on Eriodycteon glutinosum,
June 14, issued middle of June to middle of July, 1871: Lake County,
Scott's Valley (5 miles north of Clear Lake), June 17-19, 1871: Lower
Lake, June 22-23, 1871: Colusa County, Phip's Place, June 26,
NE W A MERICA N TINEID MO THS WA LSINGHA M
219
1871: Shasta Count}^, Hatchet Creek, Jul}^ 14-17, 1871: Bear Creek,
July 27-28, 1871: Siskiyou County, Mount Shasta, August 2-September 1, 1871. Seventj'-three specimens (Walsingham, collector).
The color of the forewings is somewhat variable; in some specimens
the darker sprinkling gives a suffused appearance beyond the middle
and is condensed in two obscure marginal spots on either side of the
tornus, but in the majority this brownish sprinkling is evenly distributed over the ^ving surface and no markings are apparent.
In
other specimens the ground color becomes almost white and the
darker sprinkling is unimportant.
I first met with this species in the middle of June, 1871, on the
borders of Mendocino and Lake counties, California, where I took
specimens flying among plants of Eriodycteon glutinosum; on the
same plant I found bladder-like galls produced by a larva, apparently
mining in the midrib. The gall occupied nearly the whole width of
the leaf, which was curled up at the sides and at the end by contraction.
On opening these galls a small elongate-ovate and rather
flattened cocoon was found from these the moths continued to emerge
up to the middle of July. More specimens were met with at the end
of July and the beginning of August on the borders of Shasta and
Siskiyou counties; it is certainly abundant where it occurs.
I am indebted to the late Professor Bolander, of San Francisco, for
the determination of the plant.
;
Genus
STAGM ATOPHORA
Herrieh-Schaeffer.
Stagmatophora Herrich-Schaeffer, Syst. Beschr. Schmett. Eur., V, 1853, p. 49,

No. 87; VI, 1853, expl. of pi. vii. Staudinger and Rebel, Oat. Lep. Eur.,
Pt. 2, 1901, p. 188, No. 405. Walsingham and Durrant, Ent. Mo. Mag.,
XLII,
1906, p. 196-7.
STAGMATOPHORA SEXNOTELLA,
Gelechia sexnotella
Chambers.
Chambers, Bull. U. S. Geo. Surv., IV, 1878, p.

99. Riley, Smith List. Lep. Bor. Am.,
Papilio, IV, 1884, p.
88.
Hagen,
1891, p. 102,
No. 5482.
Movipha
sexnotella
Busck, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, X,
1902, p. 97-98.
Dyar.
Bull. U. S. N. Mus., No. 52, 1902, p. 543, No. 6168.
Antennse brownish fuscous, with a small white spot at the end of

the basal joint.
Palpi cream-white, the terminal joint biannulate with brownish

fuscous.
Head
white.
Thorax bro^^^lish fuscous.

Forewings rather shining, brownish fuscous, with shining white
markings; a rather outwardly obliciue costal streak, from near the
base, reaching over the fold but not to the dorsum, a medic-costal
220
vol.
xxxm.
somewhat obliquely prolonged, and a larger costal spot before

two small dorsal spots, the first opposite the middle
costal spot, the second beyond it, and a small spot at the apex; cilia
spot,
the apex; also
brownish gray.
Hindwings and cilia brownish gray.
Abdomen brownish fuscous, with whitish marks along the sides.
Legs whitish, barred with brownish fuscous on the hind tarsal
joints.
Habitat.
Bosque County, Texas; Georgiana, Florida; Pennsylvania;
Larva in stem-gall on Trichostomum dichotoma; issued

June 9, 1881. Walsingham determined No. 4497, 1906.
There is a specimen from Beverly, Massachusetts, July 11, 1868
Virginia.
(Burgess)
" Stagmatophora argyroda,^ Mus. Z."
(Zell.
Coll.
101533),
which very nearly agrees with the type, the only difference being
that the two dorsal spots and some white scales on the margin between
these and the apical spot are slightly raised and
I must express
synonym by
sexnotella
my
somewhat
metallic.
thanks to Mr. Busck for suppressing a prospective
letting
me know that
Chambers, with which
Genus
this description applies to Gelechia
was unacquainted.
HYPONOMEUTA
HYPONOMEUTA DIAPHORUS
Latreille.
new
species.
Antennx fuscous.
Palpi slender, projecting about the length of the head beyond
it;
whitish, touched with chestnut-brown.
Head and
tliorax white, dusted with grayish above.

Forewings white, with grayish dusting along the costal portion,
especially near the base; numerous grayish brown spots of varying
sizes run in four diverging lines from the base; on the costal portion above the cell is a row of six, the last but one of which is situated at about half the wing-length; below this series is another, of
six or seven, running through the discal cell, and on the outer third
of the wing are two or three detached spots above it leading up to
is a third row of spots,
and along the dorsum are four or five more, forming the fourth row;
the apical series commences on the costa at about the end of the
cell, and is continued along the termen to the tornus, consisting of
about eleven spots; cilia fawn-color.
the apical series; immediately below the fold

Hindwings light chestnut-brown, or fawn-color, somewhat intensified toward the apex; cilia concolorous.
Abdomen and legs agreeing in color with the hindwings.
a
From
dpyvpdrjXoi, signifying silver-studded.
NEW A MERIGAN
NO. 1567.
TINEID MOTHS WA LSINGHAM.
Female, No. 5391, Miis. Walsingham

Type.
Nat. Mus./ Mus. Fernald. Three specimens.
22
paratypes, U.
S.
HaUtat.TexsiS {" Ber. Gerir).

single specimen given me by the late Monsieur Ragonot in 1884
agreed with another in the late Doctor Riley's collection, also from
Texas; a third specimen is in the collection of Professor Fernald.
The paratypes were perhaps labeled by me about 1885, " Enxmia
posticella Wlsm. MS.;" they however differ from Mieza Walker
= Eustixis
and
Hiibner,
= Enxmia
Zeller) in the coincidence of veins 3
4 of the hindwings, thus agreeing with
Hyponomeuta
Latreille.
Family TINEIDyE.
-Genus
BUCCULATRIX
BUCCULATRIX EUROTIELLA,
Zeller.
new
species.
Antemise white, faintly annulate with grayish fuscous.
Head and thorax
white.
Forewings white, with a patch of fawn-colored scales on the costa

beyond the middle, a smaller patch of the same color before the middle; opposite to and between these two is a larger patch of fawn
scales adjacent to the dorsum, with a black spot at its inner edge
on the fold the termen is shaded with fawn and contains some scattered black scales, the fawn shading extending through the cilia,
which are grayish about the tornus and white at the apex; underside rather bright ocherous, with white margins.
;
Alar expanse. 8 mm.

Hindwings pale brownish gray; cilia slightly paler.
Abdomen pale brownish gray.
Legs whitish; hind tarsi faintly spotted.
Type.MeAe (Walsingham determined, No. 4993, 1906). Cat. No.
10352, U.S.N.M.
Habitat.
Lancaster, California.
Larva from leaves of Eurotia canata. Pupa in a white, ribbed

Unique.
cocoon, issued May, 1890 (A. Koebele, collector).
Genus LITHOCOLLETIS Hubner.

LITHOCOLLETIS CERVINA, new
Antennx
species
whitish.
Palpi white.
Head pale rust-brown; face white.
Forewings whitish fawn, with very indistinct whitish costal streaklets; the first, before the middle, oblique, outwardly margined with
oThis specimen does not now appear in the U. S. National Museum collection,
and has been lost, presumably. It was seen by Lord Walsingham in 1886 and brought
back to America by Dr. C. V. Riley. The species may be the same as //. atomocella Dyar, from Texas and Illinois, Cat. No. 6614, U.S.N.M. Harrison G. Dyar.
222
vol. xxxiii.
rust-brown; the second, at about the middle, also outwardly margined with rust-brown, runs obliquely outward and is angulated on
the cell, returning to the middle of the dorsum, its lower half longer
and more oblique than its upper; the third costal streak is triangular,
not oblique, also outwardly margined with rust-brown, which is continued across the mng to the tornus, where there is also a faint
indication of a whitish spot; there is no basal streak, and, except
for a slightly paler space before the line of dark scales on the middle
of the dorsum, no defined dorsal streak; the space between the streaks
and about the apical portion of the wing is slightly shaded with rustbrown, and the apex is profusely sprinkled with blackish scales mixed
with some white ones; a slender blackish line runs around the
extreme apex at the base of the pale cilia, which have a pale rustbrown line running through their middle.
Alur expanse. 6 mm.
Hindwings and
Abdomen
cilia
grayish.
grayish.
Legs whitish, unspotted.

Type.
Male. Walsingham determined No. 4972, 1906.
Habitat. New York.
1035.3,
Cat. No.
U.S.N.M.
(Beutenmiiller collection.)
Unique.
This species belongs to the group of messaniella Zeller; there
no record of its life history.
LITHOCOLLETIS CERIFER.^, new
is
species.
Antennse grayish.
Palpi silvery.
Head pale saff ron-browai face silvery.
Thorax saffron-brown.
Forewings shining safl'ron-brown, with two straight, transverse,
silvery fascias, both dark-margined externally; the first at one-fourth
from the base, sloping slightly inward toward the dorsum; the second
slightly beyond the middle, almost at right- angles to the costa;
beyond the second fascia two silvery spots, the first costal, the second
opposite to it on the tornus; these are also dark-margined externally,
and, being almost confluent, present the appearance (in one wing)
of a third fascia, not quite so far removed from the second as this
is from the first; a few fuscous scales are scattered about the apex;
cilia brownish, grayish toward the tornus.
Alar expanse. 6 mm.
;
Hindwings and
Abdomen
cilia
brownish gray.
dull grayish fuscous.
Legs whitish, slightly speckled with grey.

Type.Mole.
Walsingham determined. No. 4969, 1906.
National Museum, Cat. No. 10361.
Habitat.
New York. Larva on Myrica cerifera. Unique.
U.
S.
NEW AMERICAN
N0.1567.
This species was
first
TINEID MOTHS WALSINGFIAM.
named
ceriferella
223
Walsin<:;ham MS., but as
Clemens is by a typoo;rapliical error catalogued as ceriferella

H. Edwards, Bull. U. S. National Museum No. 35, p. 132 (1889), the
new species is now published as ceriferx Walsingham.
aeriferella
LITHOCOLLETIS LEUCOTHORAX, new
species.
Antenna:' pale saffron.
Palpi white.
Head
pale saffron
face white.
Forewings pale saffron, the extreme costa whitish from the base,
with two very oblique, shining, whitish costal streaks tending outward,
the first at the middle, the second beyond it, and two much shorter
streaks in the costal cilia pointing inward
all
anteriorly darkmargined; on the dorsum are three very conspicuous, broad, white
streaks, tending obliquely outward, the first and second before the
middle, the third beyond it these are all also anteriorl}^ margined
with ferruginous, the ferruginous shades bent outward about the middle of the wing, giving them an angulated appearance cilia shining,
safl'ron, a small blackish apical dot and a dark line running from it
through the cilia toward the tornus.
Alar expanse. 8.5 mm.

Hindvnngs whitish gray; cilia pale grayish.
Abdomen tinged with saffron; anal tuft grayish.
Legs, hind tibiae yellowish white, very faintly spotted.
T^^^^'. Female.
Cat. No. 10354, U.S.N.M.
Hahitat.
Santa Cruz Mountains, California (A. Koebele,
Unique.
(Walsingham determined. No. 4976, 190G.)
There is no record of the life history.
"
LITHOCOLLETIS BIFASCIELLA
Chambers,
153. Packard, U.
p. 54.
Hagen
Chambers.
Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., IV, 1878, pp. 101-2,

Dept. Agr., Int. Ent. Comm. Bull., VII, 1881,
(and Frey), Papilio, IV, 1884, p. 151. Walsingham, Insect
LithocoUetis bifasdella
119,
collector).
S.
III, 1891, p. 329. Packard, U. S. Dept. Agr.,

Kept. Ent. Coram., V, 1890, p. 219. Riley, Smith's List Lep. Bnr. Am.,
1891, p, 108, No. 5839. Dyar, Bull. U. S. Nat, Mus,, No. 52, 1902, p. 556,
No. G329.
Life, II, 1884, pp. 24, 119;
Antennse grayish fuscous, faintly barred with ocherous.

Palpi shining silvery white.
Head
pale ocherous above, reddish
brown
at the sides; face shin-
ing silvery white.
Thorax rich reddish brown.

Forewings sliining, rich reddish brown, with shining silvery white
markings; a slightly oblique fascia near the base, further from the
base on the costa than on the dorsum, a second parallel fascia at
about the middle, both with a few dark scales on their outer sides;
a small costal streak before the apex, preceded by another on the
224
volxxxiii.
dorsum before the tornus, above which are a few white scales on
the costal cilia, both streaks have a few black scales on their outer
brown, fading to gray about the tornus.
Alar expanse. 7 mm.
Hindwings gray; cilia grayish.
side; cilia reddish
Abdomen
grey.
Legs whitish, posterior

Caenotype.
Male
tibiae
very faintly spotted.
(Walsingham determined, No. 4974, 1906) U.
S.
National Museum.
Type.
Female in Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts.
Larva on Quercus alba.
Kentucky, New York (Beutenmuller collection), U. S.
Habitat.
National Museum.
Genus ORNIX Treitschke.

ORNIX INNOTATA, new species.
Antennse bro"vvnish fuscous, very faintly annulate.
Palpi whitish, annulate, with fuscous before the apex.
Head brownish.
Thorax grayish brown.
Foreivings grayish brown, with a series of almost undistinguishable streaklets along the costa, slightly oblique outward; a minute
whitish spot occurs about the middle of the costa, and there are two
pale spots in the costal cilia before the apex
the apical
pale line along their base, preceded along the margin
fuscous scales; there
is
also a faint indication of a
near the outer end of the fold;

Alar expanse. 9 mm.
cilia
cilia
have a
by a few dark
darkened spot
brownish gray.
Hindirings grayish; cilia brownish gray.

Abdomen grayish brown; anal tuft slightly ocherous.
Legs cinereous.
Type.Msile. Cat. No. 10355, U.S.N.M.
United States. Unique. (Walsingham determined, No.
Habitat.
4984, 1906.)
Genus TISCHERIA Zeller.

TISCHERIA ALBOSTRAMINEA, new species.
Antennse, head, and thorax pale whitish straw-color.
Forewings pale whitish straw-color, the extreme costa narrowly

brown scales to two-thirds the length of the
wing, where the}^ form a slight costal spot; a dorsal spot, consisting
of a group of scales of the same color, lies about the tornus, and
beyond it the apex of the wing is thickly bestrewn with purplish
scales, a reddish brown hue prevailing among them; this dark scalsprinkled with purplish
ing does not extend to the costal
cilia,
which are
of the pale
ground
NE W A MERWA X TINFIT) MO THS \]\ LSTNGHA M.
225
color,
but the apical
chestnut-brownish.
Alar expanse. 7
cilia
and those extending
to the
dorsum
are pale
mm.
Hindwings pale yellowish siray, the base slightly thickened; cilia

slightly coppery gray.
Abdomen and legs pale yellowish gra}'.
7V2>f. Male. Cat. No'. 10356, U.S.N.M.
WalsingI "f^nique
New York (Beutenmiiller collection
Habitat.
Imm
determined, No. 4991, 1906.

slender,
small,
known
form.
delicate
species,
decidedly
tlistinct
from any
Genus SCARDIA Treitschke.

SCARDIA GRACILIS, new
Antennas. cUstinctly ciliate, the joints tufted
species.
whitish ocherous, annu-
late with fuscous.
Maxillary palpi strongly developed, folded; .whitish ocherous.

Labial palpi whitish ocherous on their inner side, the median joint
almost as long as the terminal, tinged with brownish externally on
the terminal joint and on the median joint to its apex.
Head and thorax whitish ocherous; the latter with a brownish fus-
cous band across its middle, the tegulae anteriorly brownish fuscous.
Forewings narrow, elongate, the costa slightly bulged near the base,
apex rounded, termen oblique; whitish ocherous, much clouded and
speckled with brownish fuscous, which appears in a series of costal
spots of varying size and in a large median costal blotch which extends
in a somewhat triangular form to the lower edge of the cell, its outer
edge being almost perpendicular to the dorsum; the dark coloring is
also strongly apparent along the fold, arising at the extreme base of
the costa, crossing the fold obliquely outward, and reaching nearly
to the dorsum at about one-fifth from the base, thence angulated
upward to the fold and returning to the dorsum at about its middle;
thence again angulated upward and continued, with more or less
interruption, parallel with the termen to the costa before the apex;
a series of small dark spots along the termen cilia whitish ocherous,
with a browaiish fuscous shade running through them near their base
and spreading over them outwardly at about their middle; between
these dark markings the intermediate space is speckled with brownish fuscous; underside with a slight cupreous tinge, the ver}' pale
margins speckled witli brownish fuscous, a spot of the same showingthrough the wing at the end of the cell.
Alfir expanse.
25 mm.
Hindwings very pale whitish ocherous, the rather shining cilia with
one or two brownish fuscous spots around the apex.
Abdomen whitish ocherous, sprinkled with fuscous posteriorly.
Legs whitish ocherous, the anterior and median banded above with
;
fuscous; the posterior tarsal joints sprinkled with fuscous.

Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
15
226
Tyjye.-YemoXe.
Habitat.
ham
vol. xxxiii.
Cat. No. 10357, U.S.N.M.
California (Beutenmuller collection).
Unique.
Walsing-
determined, No. 4756, 1906.
Apparently allied to Scardia anatomdla Grote, but of a somewhat

more slender and paler appearance, differing also in the dark shade
reaching to the dorsum in the middle of the forewing.
PSEUDOXYLESTH lA", new
Genus
TyjJe of genus.
genus.
Pseudoxylesthia angustella Walsingham.
Antennx simple
in
both sexes; basal joint without pecten.
Maxillary palpi present, not folded.

Labial palpi porrect, closely clothed, terminal
joint as long as
median.
Haustellum, long.
Ocelli absent.
Head rough above;
face with appressed scales.
Thorax smooth.
Forewings narrow, elongate, of equal width throughout, apex
rounded.
Neuration 12 veins, all separate; 7 to apex; 2 from near angle of
cell.
Hindwings broader than the forewings, termen
slightly sinuate,
attenuate, but rounded at the apex.
Neuration 8 veins; 5 and 6 stalked; 7 straight; 3 and 4 remote.

rather stout; male with shortly bifid uncus and long,
narrow claspers; female, anal segment with long hairs, ovipositor
Abdomen
extruded.
Legs not thickly but loosely clothed.

Allied to Xylesthia Clemens, but differing in the stalking of veins
5 and 6 in the hindwings.
PSEUDOXYLESTHIA" ANGUSTELLA, new

Antennx
species.
greyish.
Palpi hoary grayish.
Head and thorax hoary gray
tegulse touched with ocherous.

Forewings hoary grayish, sprinkled with ocherous, especially along
the costa and beyond the middle, also at the extreme base of the
dorsum; some bands of dense fuscous speckling extend across the
wing from costa to dorsum, the first, at about one-fourth, running
obliquely outward from the costa reaches the dorsum at about onethird from the base, this is more or less connected with the base of
the wing by dark speckling; the second beyond the middle of the
costa, tends
outward
From
in the direction of the tornus,
becoming dilated
the Greek word ipEvd})^, signifying false and Xylesthia.
NEW A MERICA N
NO. 1567.
TINEID
MO THS WA LSINGHA M.
227
and somewhat broken-up along the dorsum, this is joined by a short,

straightish band which connects it with the costa at one-third from
the apex, and beyond this again is a narrower band preceding the
termen, a detached costal spot before it and another almost about
the middle of the wing;
cilia
hoary,
much
derside cinereous, cilia paler.

Alar expanse. Male 18 mm.; female 24
speckled with fuscous; un-
mm.
Hindwings brownish cinereous: cilia with a slight ocherous tinge.

Abdomen brownish cinereous; anal tuft slightly tinged with ocherous.
Legs cinereous, with some darker speckling.
Type.Msde No. 32547; female No. 5.390 Mus. Walsingham; paratype female (Walsingham determined. No. 4902, 1906); Cat. No.
10358, U.S.N.M.
"
Habitat. Arizoim (Cox,
collect( r )
Texas
('
'
Ber. Gerh
.
'
Three
specimens.
Genus TINEA Linnaeus.

TINEA SPARSIPUNCTELLA, new
species.
AntenucE blackish, white towards the base.

Maxillary palpi folded.
Labial palpi hoary, with a few projecting bristles on the upper side
median joint.
Head and thorax hoary white.
of the
Forewings grayish ^vhite, profusely sprinkled with brownish fuscous dots, very equally distributed about the wing; these have a
tendency to run together into narrow transverse streaks in fine specimens, but are apparently very easily obliterated; somewhat morc^
conspicuous than the others are is a line of spots along the costa and
around the apex and termen to the tornus; a small patch at the end
about e(|uidistant from the costa and dorsum, and three

and beneath the foKl cilia white at
the base, grayish outwardly, with a darker parting line.
of the cell,
or four spots ranged parallel to
I
h'stia
wrote to Lord Walsingham, calling his attention to the fact that his Pseudu.njangustella had apparently been already descriljed as Dyotopasta yumadla
He replied as follows: "Our generic descriptions are at variance you

Kearfott.
write -ocelli large,' I write 'ocelli absent;' you write 'tongue and maxillary pnlju
Maxillary Palpi present.' Mr. Durrant and
obsolete,' I write 'Haustellum long.
The male (No.
I have very carefully reexamined my types under the microscope.
32547) from Arizona (Cox, through Riley, 1886), the head of which, however, is much
The female (No. 5390) Texas (Ber.
distorted and possibly injured, has no tongue.
Gehr.) received from Ragonot, has a long tongue curled round one of the labial palpi
and possesses distinct maxillaries."
On reexamination
find that there are
no
the specimens, both the cotypes returned by Lord Walsingham and

Lord Walsingham's name, P>êiiothers before me, lack tongue and maxillary palpi.
doxylestia angustella. is therefore retained based on the female type (No. 53f)()) in
ocelli;
but
all
his possession.
August Busck,
228
Hindwings and
Ahdomen
cilia
vol. xxxiu.
grayish fuscous.
slightly darker: female ovipositor extruded.
Legs grayish fuscous.
Female No. 90947 in Mus. Walsingham; paratype, female,

No. 90948, Cat. No. 10359, U.S.N.M.
California
Habitat. Mendocino County, north of Mendocino
Type.
city,
(near the town), June 3-5, 1871.
Three specimens.
very distinct species, perhaps nearest to the occidentella ChamThe veins are all present and se])arate in both wings.
bers group.
HOMONYMUS
Walsingham.
HOMONYMUS COLORADELLUS, new species.
Genus
Antennx
cinereous.
reaching scarcely above the base of the antennge,

mixed brownish ocherous and brownish fuscous, appearing slightly paler than the head and thorax above
Palpi
erect,
thickly clothed throughout;
and below them.

Head and tliorax are brownish fuscous, the scales tipped with
hoary gray.
Forewings rather narrow, of about equal width throughout, except at the extreme base, the width equal about one-third the
length, termen slightly convex, oblique, apex rounded.
Neuration 12 veins, all separate; dull cinereous, with some paler
hoary patches running along the fold to the end of the cell, thickly
sprinkled throughout with brownish ocherous and dark fuscous
scales which are concentrated in some small patches, one at the end
of the cell, one on, and on 3 immediately above the fold beyond it,
with a series of very obscure costal spots; cilia brownish fuscous,
slight]}^ paler along their base and mixed with brownish ocherous
about the tornus; underside uniformly brownish fuscous, with narrowly pale margins.
Hindwings, 8 veins, all separate; slightly wider than the forewings;
brownish fuscous; cilia with some paler markings.
Ahdomen
(missing).
Legs brownish fuscous.

Type. Male (Walsingham determined, No. 4749, 1906), Cat. No.
10360, U.S.N.M.
Habitat. Custer County, Westcliff, Colorado. (Collection BeutenUnique.

This agrees with the genus Homonymus, described from South
America, but differs from the only species at present known in its
shorter palpi and by the absence of deep purple coloring in the
miiller).
hindwings, as well as by the somewhat different pattern of the obscure markings on the forewings.
ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINE

ISLANDS, MADE BY MAJ. EDGAR A. MEARNS, SURGEON,
U. S. ARMY, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF SEVEN NEW
SPECIES.
Bv Alvix Seale and Barton
A. Beax.
In the months of January and Febriiary, 1907, two lots of iishes

were received from Maj. Edgar A. Mearns, V. S. Ai-my, stationed in
the Phihppine Islands. One hundred and thirty-two species are
represented, including seven which are described as new.
The collections are from Zamboanga, Mindanao, had been well
preserved in formalin (here transferred to alcohol), and form part of
Accessions Nos. 46983 and 46985, U.S.N.M. By reason of the new
species and rare forms contained they are a very acceptable addition
to the collection of fishes.
The arrangement of the families of fishes used here is similar to that

adopted by Doctor Jordan in recent papers on fishes of the same
general fauna and, although not wholly concurred in, is used for convenience and with the view of conforming in classification with the
numerous papers already published and being printed upon Philij)pine fishes.
Family
CYPRINID^.
Barbus quinquemaculatus, new species.
Head, 3.33; depth, 3; eye, 3.7;')

snout, 3.75; interorbital, 2.75 in
head; D.. 11; A., 7; .scales, 5 '24/2; eight scales in front of dorsal.
Bod}-^ moderately robust, back from nuchal region to dorsal fin
considerably elevated; snout rather pointed; lower lip included.
Barbels four, their length greater than diameter of eye. Mouth
small, the maxillary ending on anterior line of orbit.
Pharyngeal teeth in three series, 5, 3, 2, mostly hooked. Gill-rakers
very small, about 8 on lower arch. Opercle and preopercle entire.
Caudal peduncle rather robust, its depth 1.25 in its length.
;
Proceedings U.
S.

229
280
VOL. XXXIII.
Head naked, body firmly scaled, the lateral line with a slight curve
downward anteriorly, running a little below the axis of the body and
upward along the middle of the caudal peduncle. Dorsal and anal
with scaly sheaths.
Ventrals with welldeveloped axillary
scale.
Second
ray
of
dorsal ossified and

strong,
ior
its
poster-
margin
slightly
dentic u 1 a t e
its
length 1.75 in head.
Base
of dorsal 2 in
head.
Origin
dorsal
midway
tween
the
snout and
;
>
caudal
tip
of
end
of
vertebrae.
Base of anal 2.90

in head; its longest
ray 1.75 in head.
Caudal large,
forked,
of
be-
its
longest
ray greater than

length
of
head.
Ventrals
1.35
in
head; their origin
midway bet ween
origin
of
and that
their tips
pectoral
of
reaching the
Pectorals
anal,
scarcely
anal.
1.25
in
head.
Color in spirits:
Very dark grayish

green on upper half
of body, yellowish
below; scales on
lower part of sides
with dark margins.
distinct round black spot on base of caudal, another at the origin of
the dorsal, a third less distinct at origin of anal, and two round
black spots on the median line near the middle of the body. A
NO. 1568.
FISHES FROM THE FHILIPPINES-SEALE AND BEAN.
wash
blackish
at the origin of the lateral line.
osseus ray gray.
Caudal and pectorals grayish.
231
Dorsal whitish, its

Ventrals and anal
yellowish.
from
Type specimen. Qî. No. 57840, U.S.N.M., 3.50 inches long,
near Zamboanga.
be an indisThis species shows a wide variation in color; there may
be scarcely
may
spots
various
the
or
body,
of
sides
on
tinct dusky line
ventral surface
The
series.
our
in
all
present
although
perceptible,
wash of bright orange.

Numerous specimens obtained by Doctor Mearns at Mount Malindang all show a splendid purplish reflection with a golden wash to
may have
belly.
spots on these specimens are scarcely perceptible.

GiinThis species equals Barhus macidatus var. unnamed. See A.
53-54.
Fishes,
Shore
the
on
Report
pp.
OliaUenger,
^.
M.
H.
ther, Voy.
The
MEARNSELLA, new
genus.
in
This genus is characterized by the presence of two barbels, and
with
row
inner
series,
two
in
and
hooked
having the pharyngeal teeth
abdominal edge
4 and^the outer with 5 teeth; body with the entire
length.
moderate
of
anal
and
trenchant; pectorals elongate
This genus of Cyprinida? is related to Eustira of Giinther, differing
series of
chiefly fn the presence of barbels, in having but two
rays.
dorsal
of
number
smaller
geal teeth, and a
This genus is named in honor of Major E. A. Mearns, U.

whom the specimens were collected.
Mearnsella alestes Scale and Bean.
Type.
pharyn-
S. A.,
by
Mearnsella alestes, new species.
length of snout;
4; depth, 3.75; eye, 3.25 in head, equal to
6/32/2.
scales,
A.,
15;
head;
D.,
11;
in
2.50
interorbital,
Head,
oblong, compressed thorax and abdomen trenchant mouth

moderately large, oblique, with lower j aw slightly pro] ecting maxillary
ending below anterior margin of eye. A long maxillary barbel on
each side, reaching to middle of opercle. Caudal peduncle long and
Body
depth 2 in its length. Pharyngeal teeth small, curved,

sharp pointed and hooked, without evident grinding surface. Oper-
slender, its
and preopercle entire.

Lateral line abruptly bent down to axis of pectoral, extending
thence along the lower portion of body to caudal. Body covered
cle
smooth, deciduous, striated scales.

Dorsal fin located on the posterior half of body, its origin opposite
Length of dorsal base one-half that of head its longest
that of anal.
LIO in head; anal origin midway between base of caudal and lower
;
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TTONAL MUSEUM.
232
vol..
XXXIIl.
axis of pectoral; base of anal fin 1.35 in head, about equal to its
longest ray.
Caudal
large, forked; its longest
ray about equal to
head.
Ventrals small,
head.
Pectorals
1.75
long,
in
being
contained twice in distance of

dorsal from tip of snout; their
considerably
origin
axis
of the
below
body and on
the
a line
with the posterior angle of the

opercle.
Color in spirits: Dull greenish,

lighter below, scales of the sides
shaded
brown
with
tions.
distinct
punctula-
narrow black
from the opercle to caudal

ending in a black blotch at base of
caudal fin. Some dusky blotches
on sides above pectoral fin. A
dusky median line on back; dorsal and caudal with a slight wash
of dusky; anal, pectorals, and
ventrals,
line
'
light grayish; a small

black spot at the upper axis of
the pectoral.
Two specimens.
TyjJe-sjjeciinen. Cat. No.
57841, U.S.N.M.; length, 2.45
inches; cotype, 2 inches long;
both from near Zamboanga.
Rasbora punctulatus, new species.

in
Head, 4; depth, 3.10; eye, 3

head; snout, 3.50; interor-
bital, 2.50; scales, 5i/26/2;
D.,9;
A., 8.
No
barbels.
Mouth
rately small, oblique; the
modesym-
physis of the upper jaw notched

to receive the curved point of
the lower jaw; maxillary extending to

eye.
pointed,
Body
scales,
the
anterior
border of
Pharyngeal teeth, curved,

5, 3, 2.
compressed, covered with large, cycloid, striate

10 series in front of dorsal.
Lateral line with a low curve
oblong,
.:
FISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINESSEALE
NO. 1568.
AND BEAN.
Caudal peduncle
extending along lower part of sides to caudal.
two
robust, its depth
The
dorsal
.t;^
nn is
midway between tip
snout and end
of
origin
the
ot
caudal
of
osseus
enlarged
rays;
its
longest
ray
The
in length.
^vithout
fin
head.
in
1.25
233
\mn-
""-.
.,m \iUl!lJll'ff,i
vertebrae.
Origin of anal poster-
base of dorsal
ior to
midway
being
tween the end
be-
of the
caudal vertebrte and

the axis of the pec-
Base
head
toral.
1
.80 in
of anal
its
long-
est ray 1.35.
Caudal
ed,
large, fork-
ray
longest
its
e([ual to head.
about
Pectorals 1 1 in head
Ventrals large, 1.45 in
head, their tip about
reaching the vent;
.
their
origin
midwa}'
vent an
between
posterior
axis
of
pectoral.
in
spirits
Color
Dull greenish above,
lighter
below, scales
of sides
margins.
with darker
distinct
black stripe from the

upper part of opercle
to caudal fin.
Dusky blotch on
opercle; entire base
of anal dusky, somewhat dusky at base of
caudal, otherwise fins
dusky white.
Eleven specimens measuring from
Type-specimen.
boanga.
Cat.
1.50 to 3 inches.
No. 57842, U.S.N.M., 3 inches long, Zam-
;;.
234
PROCEEDINas OF THE XATTOXAL MVSEVM.

Family
Polydactylus opercularis,
new
vol. xxxii
POLYNEMID^.
species.
less than eye, 4.10

head; interorbital
space equal to eye; D.,
Head, 3.25: depth, 3.50; eye, 4 in head; snout

in
VIII,
A., Ill,
12;
1,
11; P.,AaiI,
5/55/8.
+;
scales,
oblong,
com-
Body
pressed; snout project-
beyond the inferior

mouth; maxillary two
in head teeth villif orm
in jaws and on vomer
preand palatines
ing-
distinctly ser-
opercle
rated
opercle
head
scaled
entire
adipose
eyelid well developed.
long and
about 25 on
Gill-rakers
slender,
the lower arch.
Depth
peduncle contimes in its

tained
length. Fins all scaled.
Second dorsal spine
1.25 in length of head;
in
longest dorsal ray
head; its base 1.25 in
Third anal
its height.
of caudal
spine
much the longest
longest
tained
anal ray con1.60
in length
of head, equal to length

of
base.
anal
of anal fin
tween
end
Origin
midway
of
be-
caudal
distal
and
end of maxillary. Pectoral fin 1.12 in head
vertebrae
Ventrals 1.75 in head,

their tip reaching to
its longest ray equals the longest
in illustration is too long.
shown
latter
as
the
pectoral filament,
dark stripes. A slight
without
white,
silvery
in
spirits
Color
bluish tint on upper half of body; dusky blotch on opercles;
anus.
Caudal deeply forked;
.:
;
dorsals, caudal,
on
FROM THE PHILTPPIXESSEALE AXD BEAN.
FISHES'
No.i5(;8.
and anal with dusky margins, very wide and
285
distinct
Pectorals and ventrals blackish.

fine specimen, 6.75 inches Ion*]:;, from Zamboanga.
anal.
One
Type-specimen.
Cat
^^
^,
^ ^
No." 57844, U.S.N.M.
Family SERRANID.^.
Cephalopholis
new
maculatus,
species.
Head,
snout,
7.25;
depth,
2.55;
eye, 5
3.10;
head:
in
4;
interorbital,
D.,
IX, 15; A.,
111,9; scales, 18/95/24:
50 pores in lateral
line.
Body
oblong-,
com-
pressed,
covered
with
fine
ctenoid
scales.
Head, including end
of
maxillary, fulh^ scaled.
Mouth
large, the premaxillary extending to
a line from the postermargin of the pupil

its distal end equal to
the interorbital space.
Teeth in jaws, vomer,
ior
and )>alatines; those of

aws in several series
the lower jaw with the
inner
series
enlarged
and depi'essible
upper jaw witî
;
outer
series
the
the
enlarged
and firm; two ciuwed

anterior canines in each
jaw.
Gill-rakers rather
short, the longest
about
equal to width of pupil;

15 rakers on lower arch,
rounded, scarcely denticulate. Opercle with three

middle one the largest and nearer to the lower spine than
Opercular flap obtusely pointed, its upper margin being
Preopercle
spines, the
to upper.
236
vol. xxxiii.
almost straight. Caudal peduncle of moderate strength, its depth

being equal to its length. Origin of the dorsal fin directly above the
axis of the pectorals; the sixth dorsal spine longest, its length 3.25
in head.
First dorsal spine short, its length equal to mdth of interorbital
the longest dorsal ray is 2.65 in head; base of anal fin 2.35 in head;
its second spine being longest and strongest, 3.10 in head;
third
spine almost its equal in length.
Caudal strongly rounded, its median
ray 1.75 in head. Pectorals 1.45 in head; ventrals 1.90 in head;
their tip barely reaching vent.
Origin of ventral is midway between
tip of snout and sixth anal ray.
Longest anal ray 2.10 in head.
Color in spirits: Entire body and fins golden yellow, covered with
numerous round and oblong spots of deep brown (dark), these
tending to form irregular longitudinal lines on the upper part of head
and [body; maxillary and mandible with dark spots; pectorals

uniform yellowish with two or three spots on base; ventrals yellowish,
the outer ray with narrow margin of brown.
Dorsal, anal, and caudal spotted, membranes of spinous dorsal
with oblique lines formed by the dark spots.
Two fine specimens, 9.75 inches long, from Zamboanga.
Types j)ecimm. Cat. Xo. 57843, U.S.N.M.
Family
Choerops zamboangae,
Head,
3;
new
SCARICHTHYID^.
species.
depth, 2.75; eye, 5.20 in head; snout, 2.25; interorbital,
3.45; D., XII, 8; A., Ill, 10; scales,
Body
U,
29, 10; 7 in front of D.
oblong, compressed; anterior profile of head rounded, lips of
moderate
thicloiess; five or six imperfect rows of imbricate scales on

cheeks; opercle and preopercle entire; opercles well scaled, top of head
and snout naked; maxillary slipping under preorbital, its distal end
scarcely reaching to line with anterior margin of orbit; each
jaw with
four enlarged anterior canines, the second pair of upper jaw much
smaller than the first; posterior canine present; no teeth on vomer
or palatines; gill-rakers short, their length less thaii width of pupil,
on lower arch; caudal peduncle strong, its depth equal to its length
anal ray to end of vertebrae); dorsal fiji low, the spines stift",
longest dorsal spine equal to orbit (each with a filament); longest
dorsal ray 2,50 in head; base of anal fin 1.50 in head, its third spine
11
(last
the longest, the longest ray 2.45 in head; pectorals 1.30 in head; ven-
head, their tip not reaching anal opening; the origin of

is midway between tip of snout and base of third anal
ray; caudal truncate, none of its rays produced; its median ray 1.75
in head.
Color in spirits: Yellowish white, the upper anterior two-thirds of
trals 1.60 in
the ventral fin
body
(including head) dull light drab; a conspicuous orange line,
;;
FISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINESSEALE
NO. 1568.
AND BEAN
237
equal to width of eye, extends from base of caudal to axis of pectoral

fin; a short broken brown line at lower margin of orbit; a greenish
blue line on lower mandible from angle to angle; a slight blotch of
yellow on opercle spinous dor;
drab
sal
soft
dorsal yellowish
wi th
margin
narrow
of drab;
yellow-
caudal
pec-
anal,
ish;
and ven-
torals,
uniform
trals
yellowish.
Two fine spec-
m e n s fro m
Z amb o an ga
length 8.75 and
10
in.
Ty pe-speci-
Cat.
No.
57846,U.S.N.M.
men.
Callyodon
latifas-
new
ciatus,
spe-
cies.
Head,
depth, 3;
ey e
6.50
head;
in
snout, 2.50; interorbital 3; D.,
IX,
10;
IL
A.,
9; scales, 2^, 23,

6; three
scales
rows
of
on cheeks,
the lower
row of
three scales covering
the
pre-
opercular limb
six
rows
scales
in
of
front
of dorsal.
Body oblong, compressed, the upjier and lower anterior profile

with a low even curve to the tip of the rather pointed snout; lips thin
and narrow, covering about half of the upper jaw and less than half
238
VOL. xxxni.
on upper jaw;
and setiform, about thirty-seven on outer limb of
Caudal ])eduncle stout, its depth equal to its length.
Longest dorsal spine
of the lower; teeth whitish; a posterior canine present
gill-rakers small
lower arch.
head, longest
ray 2.90: base
of anal 1.50 in head; its
longest
ray 3.10 in
head; pectorals 1.45 in
head; ventrals
1.90,
3.75
in
dorsal
their
falling
tip
far
short of anal opening;

the origin of the ventral is
midway between
snout and third

Caudal lunate, its middle ray 1.80
and its longest ray 1.30
tip of
anal
ray.
head.
Color in spirits: Dull
brown above, the lower
in
third
body yellow-
of
between the
and the lateral
there is a wash of
ish white,
latter
line
deep black
extending
from the posterior margin of eye to the caudal
Top of snout
dusky; margin of lips
yellowish. Spinous dorsal dull greenish with
])eduncle.
narrow
blue
margin
soft dorsal fading into
without the
caudal
margin;
greenish yellow, with
slight dusky margin to
upper and lower rays:
whitish,
blue
Anal, ventral, and pectorals, yellowish, without markings; a slight
dusky blotch on upper axis
of pectorals.
and 11.25 inches long from Zamboanga.

Type-specimen. Qî. No. 57845, U.S.N.M.; 11.25 inches long.
Two
fine specimens, 10.25
FISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINES SEALE AND BEAN.
NO. 1568.
An
annotated
list
of the species other
239
than those described as new,

all taken at or in the imme-
and which Doctor Mearns informs us were

diate vicinity of Zamboanga, follows:
Family
DASYATID.^.
Dasyatis kuhli (Miiller and Henle).
One specimen,
Taeniura
lymma
9.50 inches long
(tail
absent).
(Forskal).
One specimen.
Snout
vent
to
11
inches; vent to end of caudal
16.50 inches.
Family CIIANID^.
Chanos chanos
Two
(Forskal).
specimens, each 12 inches long.
Family CI.UPEID^.
Clupea melanura (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Five specimens, 4.75 to 5.25 inches long.

Harengula moluccensis Blacker.
One specimen,
1*.75
inches long.
DOROSOMATID^.
Family
Konosirus nasus (Bloch).
Four specimens, 5.50
to 6 inches long.
Family
ENGRAULIDiE.
Anchovia bcelama (Forskal).
Two specimens, 1.25 and 2.50 inches long. Numerous additional

specimens, 3 to 3.50 inches long, are slightly more elongate than
figured
by Doctor
Bleeker, but in other respects agree very well with
the description of A. hoelama.
Family
ANGUILLID^.
Anguilla mauritiana Bennett.
Four specimens, 12 to 22 inches

and 980.
long, bearing collector's
numbers
937, 938, 939,
Family
Gymnothorax
One
fine
MUR^NID/E.
fimbriata (Bennett).
specimen, 30 inches long, agrees
c[uite well
wdth Doctor
Bleeker's figure of Gymnothorax isingleenoides, which Doctor Gunther
placed in the
synonymy
of
G.fmhriata.
Family PLOTOSIDÊ.
Plotosus anguillaris (Bloch).
Three specimens, 8 to 9 inches long, and a very large number of
young from
1.75 to 2.50 inches long.
FROCEEDIXGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
240
vol.
xxxni
SYNGNATHID^.
Family
Gasterotokeus biaculeatus (Bloch).
One specimen,
Syngnathus
5 inciies long.
schlegelii
Kaup.
One specimen.
Corythroichthys bleekeri Day.
Six specimens.
HIPPOCAMPID.E.
Family
Hippocampus kuda (Bleeker).

Two dried specimens, 3^ inches
loni;-.
Family PEGASID.E.
Zalises draconis (Linnaeus).
Two
specimens, 2.50 inches long.
Family
BELONID^.
Tylosurus leiurus (Bleeker).
One specimen,
3.50 inches long.
Tylosurus leiuroides (Bleeker).
to 7 inches long.
Family EXOC^CETID^.
C5rpsilurus altipinnis (Cuvier
One
and Valenciennes).
specimen, 6.75 inches long.
Zenarchopterus dispar (Cuvier and Valenciennes)
One specimen,
6 inches long.
Zenarchopterus philippinus Peters.
Six specimens, 2 to 4 inches long.
Family
ATHERINID^.
Atherina lacunosa Forster.
Numerous specimens,
have a very
Four examples
but no dusky shades in pectorals.
distinct lateral band,
Family J^fLIGILID^.
Liza waigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard).
Ten specimens,
Liza troscheli (Bleeker).
Numerous specimens,
to 3 inches long.
Liza amarula (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Numerous specimens,
to 4.50 inches long.
FISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINESSEALE AND BEAN.
NO. 1568.
Family
Sphyraena obtusata
Two
241
SPHYR^NID^.
Cuvier and Valenciennes).
specimens, 10.75 and 18.25 inches long.
Polydactylus plebeius (Broussonet).
head; snout, 4.75.

end of caudal vertebrge,
Color in spirits
appendages
Pectoral
5.
Ime.
lateral
of
end
to
63
Yellowish white, darker above, and with a streak along each row of
scales ;*fins dusky; caudal yellowish, margined with dusky.
Head,
3; depth, 3.75; eye, 4.20 in
D., VIII,
1,
13; A., Ill, 13; scales 58 to
Two
fine specimens, 9.50 and 10 inches long.

Careful comparison of these examples with specimens from Samoa
leave no doubt in our minds that the fish are identical, and that the
species described as Polydactylus zopliom/us by Jordan and jMcGregor

The number of rows of scales are the same.
is the young P. plebeius.
Family
HOLOCENTRID.E.
Holocentrus cornutus Bleeker.
Three specimens, 8 to 8.50 inches long.

Holocentrus caudimaculatum Riippell.
One
specimen, 10.50 inches long, from Zamboanga. Color

on center of row^s of
fine
in spirits yellowish, with indistinct pinkish lines
Spinous dorsal orange..
scales.
Myripristis
murdjan (Forskal).
One specimen,
8 inches long.
Myripristis macrolepis (Bleeker).
One specimen,
8 inches long.
Family SCOMBRID.^.
Scomber macrolepidotus Riippell.
Two specimens, 10 and 10.50 inches long.
Family
CÂRANGID^.
Scombroides toloo-parah (Riippell).
Two
Scombroides
tala (Cuvier
One specimen, 26
and Valenciennes).
inches long.
Caranx speciosus (Forskal).
One specimen,
wide and narrow;
15.50 inches long.
Cross bands of body alternating
distinct.
Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy and Gaimard.
Six
young specimens,
Proc. N.
M.
2 to 3.75
vol. xxxiii 07
16
i"
dies
long.
2-12
vou xxxm.
Caranx carangus (Bloch).
Six
young specimens,
Megalaspis cordyla
Linnaeus).
Four specimens,
8 to 9 inches long.
Alectis ciliaiis (Bloch).
One specimen,
13 inches long.
Family
EQUULID^.
Leiognathus dussumieri (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen,
2 inches long.
Leiognathus edentula (Bloch).
Two
fine sjêcimens, 7 to 7.50 inches long.
Family
APOGONICHTHYID.E.
Arrhamialineolata (Ehrenberg).
Five young s]:)eciniens, 1.25 inches long. These have the caudal
spot well developed, but do not show a distinct shoulder spot.
Amia
orbicularis
(Kuhl and
One specimen,
Amia
fasciata
v.
Hasselt)
nnitilated,
about 3.50 inches long.
(Quoy and Gaimard).
Oze specimen,
1.50 inches long.
Family
Priopis lungi Jordan
AMBASSID^.
and Seale.
Numerous specimens,
1.20 to 3 inches long.
Priopis urotaenia (Bleekerj.
Numerous specimens,
to 3 inches long.
Family
KUHLIID^.
Kuhlia rupestris (Lacepede).
Two
specimens, 5.25 to 11 inches long.
Kuhlia malo (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen,
2.62 inches long.
Family SERRANID^..
Epinephelus merra Bloch.
Two
specimens, 6.30 and 8.50 inches kmg.
Epinephelus tauvina (Forskal).
Two
Epinephelus fasciatus (Forskal).
Two
Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy and Gaimard).
One specimen,
11.25 inches long.
FISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINES SEA LE AND BEAN.
NO. 1568.
243
Cephalopholis urodelus (Forster).
One specimen,
S inches long.
Evermann and
Cephalopholis obtusauris
One specimen,
Scale.
12.50 inches long.
Cephalopholis sonnerati
Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Third anal spine sligiitly longer than the second, 3.50 in head;
second anal spine 4.10 in head. One specimen, 14 inches long.
Family LI'TIANID.E.
Lutianus marginatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Seven specimens, 1.50 to 4 inches long.

Lutianus monostigma (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Five specimens, 2.50 to 4 inches long.

Lutianus fulviflamma iBleeker).
Six specimens, 2 to 7 inches long.

Lutianus chrysotaenia (Bleeker).
Two
Lutianus gibbus (Forskal).
One specimen,
Lutianus
vitta
19 inches long.
(Quoy and Gaimard).
One specimen,
10 inches long.
Lutianus rivulatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen,
14 inches lv>ng.
Philippine Islands
show
Four young specimens from the
less of the rivulated markings of the head,
but the dusky vertical cross bands are
ver\' distinct.
Lutianus kasmira (Forskal).
One specimen,
8 inches long.
Diacope sebae Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Two
fine sjiecimens, S to 12 inches long.
Gymnocranius
lethrinoides (Bleeker).
One specimen,
12.50 inches long.
Family ILEÎULID^.
Caesio lunaris (Ehrenberg).
One specimen,
12 inches long.
van Hasselt).
Guxther, Fishes Brit. Mus., I,
specimen 12 inches long.
Caesio erythrogaster (Kubl and
Odontonectes
One
p.
265.
Terapon jarbua (Forskal).
Nine specimens, 0.75 to 8.50 inches long.

Terapon theraps Cuvier and Valenciennes.
One very young specimen.
244
vol. xxxiii.
Scolopsis cancellatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Seven specimens, 7.50 inches
long.
Scolopsis bimaculatus Riippell.
One specimen,
11.50 inches long.
Pristipoma hasta (Bloch).
Three specimens, 1.50 to 13.50 inches long. These represent the

form called Pristipoma hasta by Bleeker and figured."
Euelatichthys crassispinus
One
Riippell).
specimen, 4.50 inclies long.
Pentapus nemurus (Bleeker).
Two
specimens, 11 and 11.50 inches long.
Plectorhynchus haematochir (Bleeker).
One
specinffen, 16.50 inches long.
respect with Bleeker.'s
This specimen agrees in every
figure.
Family
SPARID^.
Lethrinus miniatus (Forster).
Two
specimens, 9.25 and 11 inches long.
Lethrinus harak (Forskal).
Tliree specimens, 2.75 to 12 inches long.

Lethrinus richardsoni Giinther.
Three specimens,
8, 10,
and
11 inches long.
Lethrinus mashenoides Ehrenberg.
Two
specimens, 12.50 and 14.75 inches kmg.

some doubt. They have a dusky
We
species with
refer
mark on
tliis
to his
the sides
between base of pectoral and lateral line. Head 3. 10 to base of caudal

vertebrse, depth 2.60; eye 3.75 in head, 1.90 in snout; dorsar X, 9;
anal S; scales 48; teeth, distinct molars on sides of jaws; canines in
front; color in spirits silvery, no dark bands or bars except a dusky
spot above axil of pectorals.
Lethrinus xanthotaenia Bleeker.
One specimen
12 inches long.
Family GERRIDiE.
Xystaema kapas (Bleeker).
Tliree specimens, 2.50 inches long.
Xystaema punctatum (Cuvier and Valenciennes).

Twenty-three young, length .25 to 1.50 inches.
the seven dark vertical bands.

Xyxtaema oyena (Forskal).
Five specimens,
to 4 inches long.
a Atlas Ichthy., VIII, pi.
cccxxv.
fig. 3.
Characterized
by
FISHES
N0.156S.
FROM THE PHILIPPINES SEALE AND BEAN.
245
Family SCIAENID.E.
Umbrina dussumieri Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Three specimens, 5 inches long.
Family SILLAGINIDtE.
Sillago maculate
Quoy and Gaimard.
One specimen,
5.50 inches long.
Family Mm^LID.E.
Pseudupeneus moana Jordan and Scale.
Three specimens, 8.25 to 9 inches long.
Upeneus
vittatus (Forsk&l).
Family
Toxotes jaculatrix
Two
TOXOTID^.
(Pallas).
Family PO^SIACENTRID.E.
Abudefduf septemfasciatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
to 6 inches long.
Abudefduf antjerius (Kuhl and van Hasselt).
One
young specimen,
ver}^
Family
inch long.
LABRID^.
Lepidaplois bilunulatus (Lacepede).
Two
and
specim.ens, 8.75
Color in
spirits,
inches long.
pinkish white; a large jet-black blotch extending
forward at the posterior axis of soft dorsal a wide black line extending back from angle of mouth to lower posterior edge of opercle; a
black spot on anterior part of spinous dorsal.
;
Cheilinus trilobatus Lacepede.
One specimen,
7.50 inches long.
Cheilinus chlorurus (Bloch).
One specimen
7 inches long.
Cheilio inermis (Forskal).
Four specimens 10.50
Family
SCARICHTHYID^.
Chcerops macrodon Bleeker.
Two
specimens 7 and 10 inches long; collected August, 1906.
Scarichthys caeruleopunctatus (Riippell).
Three specimens 9.50 to 10 inches long.

Scarichthys auritus (Kuhl and van Hasselt).
Two
specimens 7.50 and 8 inches long.
246
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MVSEVM.
vol..
XX.Mll.
Callyodon nigra Riippell.
Two
specimens 11 and 12 inches long; collected Auo-ust,
lOOfi.
Callyodon macrorhinus (Bleeker).
One specimen
14.50 inches long; collected in August, lOOC).
Callyodon rivulatus Cuvier and Valenciennes).

(
One specimen
13.50 inches long; collected in August, 1906.
Callyodon zonularis Jordan and Scale.
Two
specimens S.50 and 9.50 inches long; collected in August, 1906.
Family
PLATACID^.
Platax orbicularis (Forskal).
One specimen 12.50 inches long; collected

One young specimen .875 inches long.
in 1906.
Family
Scatophagus argus
The following
SCATOPHAGID.E.
(Gmelini.
young of this species is hased on

specimens 0.40 to 0.55 inches long; collected at Zamboanga:
Body strongly compressed, elevated, the outline suborbicular
tliree
description of the
FISHES FROM THE PHILIPPINESSEALE AND BEAN.
NO. 1568.
247
with about eleven spines; anal with three spines; ventrals large,
thoracic,
I, 5.
Head, 2.10; depth, 1.25; eye, 2.30 in head; snout, 3 in head: interorbital about equal to eye.
D. _^ XI, 16; A." III,^ 14; Br. 5; gills 4, a slit l)ehind fourth. GillBody without distinct scales,
rakers short, about 12 on lower limb.
velvety.
Head
Lateral line present but indistinct.

bom' armature. A strong protuberance at the
inclosed in a
upper posterior margin
of the orbit followed
by a strong
spine.
Above
Preopercle wdth a strong vertical stay and

this a flat nuchal spine.
from its lower angle. Preorbital
diverging
three spine-like points
Teth,
small.
a single series of compressed
mouth
narrow, unarmed;
side
lower jaw and twelve in the
each
of
six
on
incisors
about
lobate
upper.
compressed. Depth of caudal peduncle about

Dorsal fins scarcel}'
spines or plates.
without
twice
united; fourth spine the longest, its length slightly greater than diameter of orbit. Soft dorsal low, its height less than that of spinous
dorsal, anal similar to soft dorsal; the three anal spines about ecpial
Caudal rounded, its length 1.50 in head. Pectorals broad
in length.
with about 15 united rays. Ventrals large, I, 5; their length 1.75 in
head, their tip almost reaching anal.
Color very dark brown with four indistinct black vertical bands of
Spinous dorsal and ventrals black;
less width than the interspaces.
Body
elevated,
its
length,
soft dorsal, anal,
An
and pectorals, yellowish white.
additional specimen, 1.50 inches long,
is
included in the
Family ACAXTPR^RID.E.
Acanthurus tuberosus (Cuvier and Valenciennes/.
One
11-inch specimen.
Acanthurus lituratus Forster).

(
One
16-inch specimen.
Acanthurus marginatus Cuvier and Valenciennes.
One
12-inch specimen, 1906.
Acanthurus annulatus (Quoy and Gaimardi.
One 20-inch specimen.

Hepatus dussummieri (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
One specimen,
length 12.75 inches.
Hepatus celebicus (Bleeker).
Six specimens, length 2 to 2.25 inches, and three young.
Family SIGANID.E.
Siganus virgatus (Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Two
specimens, length 8.25 and 9.20 inches.
Siganus fuscescens (Houttuyn).
Two
specimens length 7 and 7.50 inches.
lot.
248
xol.xxxui.
Siganus vermiculatus (Kuhl and van Hasselt).
Two
specimens, length 8 and 9.25 inches.
Family BAI.ISTIDÊ.
Balistes verrucosus Bleeker.
One specimen.
Family
TETRAODONTIDyE.
Canthigaster compressus (Proce).
One specimen,
length 2.50 inches.
Tetraodon immaculatus Bloch.
Three specimens.
Tetraodon reticulatus Bloch and Schneider.
One specimen, length
1.50 inches.
Tetraodon patoca Buchanan.
Nine specimens, length 0.50 to 4 inches.

Spheroides lunaris
(Bloch).
One very young, length
0.50 inch.
SCORPiENID^.
Family
Synancidium horridum (Linnaeus).

Three examples, 9 and 10 inches long.
Family
NOTOTHENIID.E.
Parapercis cylindrica? (Bloch).
One very young specimen.

Family GOBIID/E.
Mapo fuscus (Ruppell).
Eleven specimens.
Gnatholepis sternbergi Smith.
One young specimen, length
inch, referred with
some doubt
to
this species.
Odontobutis obscurus (Peters).
Nine specimens.
Drombus plackyi Jordan and
Two
Seale,
specimens, one, length 2.50 inches, the other length 2.25 inches.
These specimens are larger and better preserved than the type
with which- we have compared them. The dark blotch in the spinous
There is also a light margin to the soft dorsal
dorsal is very distinct.
whitish
margin
to
the upper caudal rays, the body is dusky
and a
without marks. The white spot at the upper axis of pectoral is
indistinct.
Eleotris ophiocephalus (Kuhl
One young,
and van Hasselt).
length 1.50 inches.
THE WEST
iJVlERICAN
MOLLUSKS OF THE GENUS
TRIPHORIS.
By Paul Bartsch,
Assistant Curator, Division of Molluslcs, U. S. National
Museum.
The West American members of this wemis were first brought to

by Prof. C. B. Adams, who in 1852
the attention of conchologists
described three species in his catalogue of shells collected at Panama/'

Triplioris alternatus, inconspicuus, and infrequens. Of these, the last,
Later,*"
Tri'plions infrequens has proved to be a Cerithiopsis^
Doctor Carpenter reported the occurrence of Triforis adversa MonThe specitagu, a common European species, on the West Coast.
mens referred to, by him, are not the Old World species but must be
cited under one or several of the forms described in the present
report.
Through the kindness of Prof. John Tyler, of Amherst College, I

have been enabled to examine, redescribe, and figure, the original
specimen described byDoctor Adams.
TRIPHORIS MONTEREYENSIS, new

Plate
XVI,
species.
fig. 17.
Shell rather stout, brown, with a wax-yellow
band about one-
third the width of the height ot the whorls encirchng the middle of the
turns.
(Nucleus decollated in
nuclear whorls separated
by
all
the specimens examined), post-
strongly channeled sutures, ornamented
on the early turns by a double spiraH row

Ann. Lye. Nat.
b
of tubercles
and on the
last
Hist., V, pp. 382-383.
Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1863, p. 350.
cRept. Brit. Ass. Adv.
Sci., 1864, p. 613.
In the preparation of the present diagnosis the following terminology is used:

Spiral sculpture, the markings following the directions of the coils of the whorls.
Axial scidpture, the markings which extend from the summit of the whorls toward
the umbilicus.
<^
may be
when the markings are in general parallelism with the axis of the
Protractive, when the markings slant from the preceding suture forward;
Retractive, when the markings slant from the suture backward.
The
axial sculi)ture
Vertical,
Proceedings U.
S.
shell;

249
250
three
by
but the
a triple row, the
last turn
and
is
median one
situated a
vol.
xxxm.
which is very slender on all

nearer the posterior row than
of
little
There are twenty tubercles upon the second

and twenty-six upon the penultimate turn. These tubercles are
joined by moderately strong spiral bands and axial riblets which
inclose strongly impressed rounded pits between them.
The periphthe suprasutural one.
marked by a
almost as strong as the supraperipheral

is uniformly dark
brown, bears two
prominent keels, the anterior one of which is well upon the short,
The channels between these keels are crossed by
stout columella.
the feeble extensions of the axial riblets. Aperture strongly channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; columella and parietal wall covered
with a strong callus.
The type and two additional specimens. Cat. No. 32216, U.S.N.M.,
come from Monterey, California. The type has the last seven whorls
and measures: length, 4.6 mm.; diameter, 2.2 mm. Two other
specimens. Cat. No. 56015, IJ.S.N.M., come from the same locality,
and a sixth, in the collection of Mr. S. vS. Berry, was dredged in 12
fathoms off Del Monte, Monterey Bay, California.
ery
is
keel
one, while the base,
which
TRIPHORIS PEDROANUS, new

Plate
XVI,
fig. 1.
Shell sinistral, elongate-conic, light brown.
increasing regularly in size.

erosion, the
The
species.
first
Nuclear whorls four,
three smooth, probably
by
next faintly, obsoletely sculptured by about thirty-six
and equally spaced, axial riblets and two slenby a narrow chamiel near the periphery
of the whorl.
Succeeding turns separated by broad and deep channeled sutures; the first seven ornamented by two equally strong
spiral rows of tubercles, which are .separated by a chamiel, as wide as
that at the sutures.
Beginning with the eighth turn, a slender tuberculate keel makes its appearance in this chamiel, situated a little
nearer the posterior keel than the suprasutural one. This keel
increases steadily in size and on the penultimate turn exceeds the
supraperipheral one in strength.
On the last three turns the tubercles
of the posterior keel are a little more strongly developed than on the
other keels. On all the keels the tubercles slope a little more abruptly
slender, equally strong
der spiral threads, separated
at their posterior border, the anterior edge being gently rounded.

fifteen tubercles upon the first, seventeen upon the fifth, and
twenty-four upon the penultimate postnuclear turn. The tubercles
are connected spirally b}^ a moderately wide band and axially by
slender riblets, the spaces inclosed between these connections appear-
There are
ing as rounded pits.
The
numerous microscopic
spiral lines
entire surface of the spire
and
lines of
growth.
is
crossed
by
Periphery of
WEST AMERICA.^ MOLLUSKSBARTSCH.
NO. 1569.
251
the last whorl ornamented by a tubercular keel, which is not quite as

Base dark brown, moderately
strong as the supraperipheral keel.
keels,
the anterior one of which is
spiral
strong
two
long, marked by
the other one occupies a
while
columella,
the
upon
partly
situated
plane half way between the anterior and the peripheral keel. The
spaces which separate these keels are about equal in width and are
crossed by slender continuations of the axial riblets. Columella stout
and twisted, marked by slender spiral lirations. Aperture pyriform,
strongly channeled anteriorly and posteriorly; outer lip patulous,
marked within by a light brown band posteriorly and a narrow dark-
brown zone
at the base; columella
and parietal wall covered with a
thick callus.
The above description is based upon two specimens, cotypes. Cat.

No. 152206, U.S.N. M. An adult individual, from San Pedro, CaliforIt has lost
nia, has furnished the description of the adult features.
the nuclear whorls. The eight which remain measure: Length, 5.1
mm.; diameter, 1.9 mm. Cat. No. 56910, U.S.N.M., a juvenile specimen, collected by Dr. W. H. Dall, at Catalina Island, California, has
furnished the description of the nuclear and early post-nuclear turns.
It has four nuclear whorls and seven and one-half post-nuclear turns,
and measures Length, 3 mm. diameter, 1 .35 mm. A third specimen,
;
at San Diego,
coUected by Mr. F. W. Kelsey among rocks
Three
in sand and gravel at low tide at Ocean Beach, California.
lumber
yard,
fossil specimens from the Upper San Pedro Series, at the
collection.
Arnold's
San Pedro, California, were examined in Mr. Delos
Cat. No. 56017, U.S. N.M.,

California.
was collected by Doctor Dall
A fourth was
TRIPHORIS CALLIPYRGUS, new

Plate
XVI,
species.
lig. 4.
(Early
Shell elongate, conic, subturrited, uniformly light brown.
whorls decollated.) The remaining seven are separated by strongly
impressed sutures, and are ornamented with three 'spiral tuberculate
The middle one of these keels is decidedly
keels on the spire.
stronger than the rest and marks the widest part of the turns, while
On the
the anterior one is the least developed on all the early turns.
In addition to the spiral keels the
last whorl the three are subequal.
spire is marked by slender, axial riblets, of which there are about
eighteen upon the first of the remaining and twenty upon the penultimate turn, the intersection of the riblets and the spiral keels form-
The tubercles slope convexly toward their anterior

and are somewhat excavated posteriorly. Periphery of the last
whorl marked by a sulcus. Base with two equally strong keels on
the posterior half, sejiarated from each other by a sulcus as wide as
the peripheral one, and a third weak thread on the base of the thick
ing the tubercles.
limit
252
vol.
xxxm.
Aperture irregular, the main portion subcircular, strongly

columella.
channelled posteriorly and anteriorly; outer lip moderately strong,
columella short, stout, and decidedly twisted, covered partly by the
very strong purplish parietal callus.
The type. Cat. No. 195377, U.S.N.M., comes from San Pedro,
California, and measures: Length, 5.2 mm.; diameter, 2.2 mm.
This species differs from all the other Calif ornian Triphoris in having the middle keel between the sutures best developed, forming a
prominent shoulder at this point, while the one at the summit is only
feebly represented, the reverse being true in the other species.
TRIPHORIS CARPENTERI, new

Plate
Triforis adversa
Carpenter, Rept.
XVI,
lig.
Brit. Ass.
species.
!(!.
Adv.
Sci., 1863, p. 628, in part;
not
Triphoris adversus- Montagu
almost cylindric, bleached, white.

(Early
Later turns ornamented by three spiral ridges, of
which the posterior one is a little more strongly developed than the
other two and forms the summit of the whorls. The other two
In addition to the spiral
spiral ridges are equal and equally spaced.
ridges, the whorls are marked by axial ribs, about as strong as the
spiral ridges, the intersection of the ribs and ridges forming strong
tubercles, while the spaces inclosed between them appear as deeply
impressed square pits. There appear to be about twenty-two tuberThe sutures appear as broad, deep channels,
cles upon all the whorls.
Shell
elongate-conic,
whorls decollated.)
which are crossed by the extensions
of the axial ribs.
three turns the posterior edge of the peripheral keel
is
On
the last
apparent
in
In addition to the above sculpture, the entire surface of

the spire is marked with microscopic lines of growth and equally fine
Periphery of the last turn marked by a strong
spiral striations.
spiral keel.
Base marked by two strong rounded keels, of which the
posterior one is separated about as far from the peripheral keel as
that is separated from the supraperipheral one.
The anterior keel of
the base is situated on the columella and is separated by a little wider
and deeper channel from the posterior keel tlian that is from its
posterior neighbor; anteriorly it is limited by a feebly impressed
groove. The channels of the base are crossed by weak continuations
of the axial riblets.
Aperture ovate, strongly channelled anteriorly
and moderately so posteriorly; columella short, stout, and twisted;
covered by a strong callus which also extends over the parietal wall.
The type. Cat. No. 15583, U.S.N.M., was collected in Neah Bay,
Washington, by J. G. Swan. It consists of the last eight turns, which
measure: Length, 7.2 mm.; diameter, 2.2 mm!
the suture.
NO. 1569.
WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKSBARTSCH.

TRIPHORIS HEMPHILLI, new
Plate
XVI,
fig.
253
species.
12.
(Nuclear whorls
brown.
by strong channeled
separated
sutures, ornamented on the fii-st five turns by a double spiral row of
tubercles which are separated by a channel a little wider than the
Shell sinistral, elongate-conic, chestnut
decollated.)
Succeeding
turns
tiu'n, a slender, spiral, faintly

nearer the posterior than the supraThis
sutural row of tubercles, makes its appearance in the channel.
keel remains slender and does not quite attain the strength of the
tubercles.
Beginning with the sixth
tuberculate keel, placed a
little
The tubercles are joined

suprasutural one, even on the last turn.
spirally by quite strong connections and axially by moderately
The spaces inclosed by these joining elements appear
strong riblets.
as elongated pits, of
sixteen tubercles
which the axial axis
is
the longest.
There are
upon the second and twent3^-two upon the
penulti-
mate turn. The tubercles, as well as their spiral connections, are

somewhat excavated posteriorly, but well rounded anteriorly, and
the posterior row "of tubercles is considerably more strongly developed
than the suprasutural on the
last
In addition to the
turns.
five
sculpture descril)ed, the entire surface of the spire, tubercles,
intertubercular spaces are
marked by
slender lines of
growth.
and
Periph-
ery of the last whorl, marked by a tubercular cord, a little less strongly
developed than the suprasutural one. Base rather elongated, marked
two rather broad, low, spiral cords,

partly situated upon the columella.
which separates these keels, as well as
are crossed by weak continuations of
the anterior one of which
b}'
The
well
is
rounded channel,
the supraperipheral channel,
Aperture
the axial riblets.
columella
obtuse;
posterior
angle
anteriorly,
channeled
decidedly
thick and twisted, covered with a thick callus, which extends over
the parietal wall.
The type has ten post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length, 5.1
mm.; diameter, 1.6 mm. It and two additional specimens are
entered as Cat. No. 106428, U.S.N.M. They were collected by Mr.
Henry Hemphill from shell washings at Point Abreojos, Lower
California.
TRIPHORIS CATALIN^NSIS, new

Plate
XVI,
fig.
species.
IS.
Shell sinistral, elongate-conic, rather
stout,
with
the
posterior
and the anterior half

The three and
light bro\\ai.
(Part of the nuclear whorls decollated.)
one-half remaining turns of the nucleus increase regularly in size and
are marked by about twenty-six slender axial riblets on the first and
In addition to these
thirty-two on the next and the third whorl.
riblets the nuclear whorls are encircled by two prominent sublamellai
half of the exposed portion of the whorls white
254
slender, finely tuberculate spiral keels,
distant from the sutures and are a
the sutures.
The
developed on the
little
which are placed about equinearer to each other than to
anterior one of these keels

last
vol. xxxiii.
is
much more
strongly-
nuclear turn than the posterior member.
intersection of the spiral keels
and
axial riblets are tuberculate.
The
The
whorls have a strong sloping shoulder which extends from the posterior
keel to the summit. Post-nuclear wîorls separated by strongly marked
sutures,
terior
ornamented by two spiral rows of nodules, of wliich the posis the stronger.
These twô rows of nodules are separated
one
first seven post-nuclear whorls by a spiral channel almost as

wide as the suture. From the seventh post-nuclear whorl on, a slender, spiral, weakly tuberculate cord makes its appearance in the channel, growing stronger with each succeeding turn.
This cord is situated a little nearer the posterior row of tubercles than the anterior, and
on the
like the posterior row of tubercles is white.

The tubercles are connected by blunt, ill-deiuied, axial riblets. There are about twenty
tubercles on the first and fifth post-nuclear whorls and twenty-four
upon the penultimate turn. In addition to the strong sculpture just
and depressions, are crossed by

growth and spiral striations. Periphery of the last
whorl marked by a slender, weakly tuberculate keel. Base exceedingly short, almost flat, crossed by strong lines of growth and fuie spiral
defined, the entire surface, tubercles
many
fine lines of
striations,
marked by a brown band
Aperture subquadrate, outer
lip
at the insertion of the columella.
sinuous, conforming wdth the exter-
nal sculpture, basal wall slightly concave
columella very stout, short,

Basal channel well developed.
The type, wliich is unique Cat. No. 193998, U.S.N.M. is an immature specimen and comes from Catalina Island, California.
It has ten
post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length, 5.3 mm.; diameter,
;
and strongly twisted.
2.2
mm.
TRIPHORIS STEARNSI, new
Plate
XVI,
species.
fig. 3.
Shell elongate-conic, sinistral, flesh colored.
(Early whorls decol-
The nine remaining are moderately high, marked by a double

spiral row of very strong, equally developed, rounded tubercles, which
are separated on the first three turns by a channel as deep and well
marked as the sutures. This space between the twô rows of tubercles
lated.)
gradually develops into a slender tuberculate keel, which on the last

turn is about half as wide as the tubercular ridges. There are about
eighteen tubercles on the tiiird to seventh of the remaining wdiorls
and twenty on the penultimate. Periphery angulated. Base short,

marked by two strong spiral keels. (Aperture fractured.)
The type, Cat. No. 32259, U.S.N.M., belongs to the Stearns collection and was found in the Gulf of California.
It measures: Length,
4.1
mm.;
diameter, 1.4
mm.
WEST AMERICAN MOLLVSKSBARTSCH.
NO. 1569.
TRIPHORIS PENINSULARIS, new

Plate
XVI,
255
species.
fig. 2.
Shell sinistral, small, broadly elongate, conic, dark brown. Nuclear

whorls four, light brown, increasing regularly in size, provided with
spiral and axial sculpture (but this is too badly worn to l)e properly
diagnosed in all our specimens). Post-nuclear whorls eight, separated by channelled sutures. The first four post-nuclear whorls
have a double spiral row of tubercles, the posterior row being a little
more strongly developed than the anterior. These rows are separated by a channel about as wide as the tubercular ridges. Beginning with the fifth whorl, a slender tuberculate cord appears in the
middle of the channel which separates the two spiral ridges;

grows steadily in size with each turn, until on the last volution
quite as strong as the suprasutural cord.
On
this
it is
the later turns the
and their tubercles fall off quite

middle and
border
and
slope roundly toward their
posterior
their
abruptly at
The tubercles on all the turns are joined b}^ rather
anterior limit.
wîde spiral bars and axial ribs, which inclose deep squarish pits
between them. Periphery and base of the last turn well rounded, the
former marked by a low somewhat flattened keel, which is separated
from the supraperipheral cord by a channel as wide as the one which
separates the supraperipheral Jêel from the middle one. The channel
The base is marked
is crossed by the extension of the axial riblets.
by two spiral cords about as broad and of the same character as the
peripheral one. These cords are separated by channels as broad as
that which separate the peripheral cord from the supraperipheral
one and are crossed by feeble extensions of the axial riblets. The
anterior basal cord is situated upon the base of columella and its
suprasutural spiral cords
anterior border fuses almost imperceptibly with
face
is
crossed
by many exceedingly
it.
The
fine spiral striations
entire sur-
and
lines of
growth. Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse, anteriorly

strongly channelled; outer lip subpatulous anteriorly, not sinuous;
columella short, thick, twisted. Columella and the parietal wall are
covered with a strongly developed callus.
There are three specimens of this species in the collection of the
U. S. National Museum, Cat. No. 106424, collected by Îr. Henry
Hemphill, at Point Abreojos, Lower Califorina. The type, which is
one of these tliree, has lost three of its nuclear whorls; the remaining
nine turns measure: Length, 4.0
mm.;
diameter,
TRIPHORIS EXCOLPUS, new

Plate
XVI,
L5 mm.
species.
fig. 8.
(Nuclear
Shell sinistral, with alternating brown and white zones.
whorls decollated.) The first three of the succeeding turns are
marked by a double spiral row of tubercles. On the first two turns
256
the posterior
brown
row
is less
vol.
xxxm.
strongly developed than the anterior and is

it from the anterior
in color, while the channel that separates
and the anterior row are yellowish white. From the third whorl on
the posterior row of tubercles becomes more strongly developed than
the other. Beginning with the fourth turn, a slender tubercular keel
appears in the space between the two tubercular ridges, which on the
Thus the shell is marked
sixth turn is as strong as the anterior cord.
by a brown tubercular ridge at the summit and two white tubercular
ridges anterior to
it
The
after the fourth turn.
tubercles are joined
by
and axial riblets. The connections inclose quite

deep oblong pits. There are eighteen tubercles upon the first whorl,
twenty-two upon the fifth, and t-ênty-f our upon the penultimate
a broad spiral cord
Sutures channelled. Periphery of the last whorl strongly

angulated, marked by a low subacute keel. The channel between
the peripheral keel and the supraperipheral row of tubercles is crossed
by weak extensions of the axial riblets. Base short, hght brown,
having a single slender, spiral thread, about as far anterior to the
turn.
periphery as the suprasutural tuberculated ridge is posterior to it.

There are also very slender extensions of the axial riblets, which
In addipass from the periphery to the insertion of the columella.
exceedingly
marked
many
is
by
the
base
tion to the above sculpture,
Aperture subquadrate;
fine spiral striations and lines of growth.
posterior
angle
obtuse,
strongly
channelled
anteriorly,
outer lip
Columella short, thick,

rendered sinuous by
which also extends
faint
callus
covered
by
a
and somewhat curved,
the external sculpture.
over the parietal wall.

The type is an immature specimen which has lost the nucleus.
The eight remaining whorls measure: Length, 3.7 mm.; diameter,
1.6 mm.
It is Cat. No. 4069, U.S.N.M., and was collected at Cape
Lucas, Lower California. Another badly worn individual. Cat.

No. 15434, U.S.N.M., is from Guacomayo, Mexico.
vSt.
TRIPHORIS PANAMENSIS, new

Plate
XVI,
fig.
species.
19.
Nuclear
Shell sinistral, elongate conic, of dark-brown color.
whorls tliree, forming a cylindrical, smooth apex. The five succeeding turns are marked by a double spiral row of tubercles, which are
separated by a channel considerably wider than the channeled
Beginning with the eighth turn a tuberculate cord makes
sutures.
its appearance in the space between the two tubercular ridges, a Httle
nearer to the one at the summit than the supraperipheral one. This
cord, at first faintly developed, increases steadily in size, until on the
almost equals the other two in strength. The tubercles occur in regular axial series and are connected spirally and axially
by slender riblets, the riblets inclosing small squarish m.eshes. There
last volution it
WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKSBARTSCH.
NO. 1569.
257
are about fourteen tubercles on the fourth (the first sculptured)

whorl and twenty-four on the tenth and the penultimate turn. On
the last ten whorls the tubercles at the summit of the whorls are
The
considerably stronger than the other two and darker colored.
sutures on the later whorls are deeply channeled; the channels are
Periphery of the last
crossed by a slender riblet at each tubercle.
whorl marked by a strong keel which is weakly tuberculate. Base
marked by two spiral keels a little weaker than the peripheral one.
These two are ornamented by feebly developed tubercles, the deep
channels between them being crossed by the continuations of the
Aperture of irregular outline; posterior angle
slender axial riblets.
well rounded, strongly channeled anteriorly; outer lip sinuous to
correspond with the external sculpture; columella very strong,
twisted.
The type, Cat. No. 56014, U.S.N.M., is from Panama. It has

seventeen whorls, and measures: Length, 8.7 mm.; diameter, 2.2 nun.
TRIPHORIS DALLI, new

Plate
XVI,
species.
fig. 14.
Shell acicular, increasing regularly in size, irregularly variegated
with varying shades of brown, yellow, and white. Nuclear wdiorls

four, browm, marked by two strong, narrow spiral tlii-eads wliich divide
the space between the sutures into tlu'ee parts, of whicli the anterior
two are about equal, while the posterior one is a little wider than the
rest.
In addition to the spiral tlu'eads, the surface is marked by
many regular, slender, axial riblets, almost as strong as the spiral
keels; of these there are about tliirty upon the second and twentyThe fu-st tlu-ee postnuclear turns are
eight upon the fourth turn.
The early ones are marked by a
white, the remaining variegated.
double row of tubercles, one at the summit, the other at the periphery,
separated by a broad channel. The anterior one is the stronger.
Beginning with the fourth turn, a slender thread makes its appearance
in the intermediate channel, a little posterior to the middle. This
remains slender and on none of the turns, not even the last, becomes
The postnuclear whorls
as strongly developed as the other two.
are also marked by poorly developed, rather broad, axial riblets, the
The
intersection of which with the spiral keels marks the tubercles.
The
tubercles slope more abruptly posteriorly than anteriorly.
entire surface is crossed, in addition to the above-described sculpture,
by microscopic spiral and axial lines. Sutures strongly impressed.
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a well-impressed channel.
Base rather short, evenly rounded, marked by tlii-ee keels, of which
the
its
fu'st
beaded and colored
like
keels are not tuberculate
and
adjoins the peripheral sulcus and
posterior neighbor.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
The other two
xxxiii 07
17
is
258
by a channel a
vol.
xxxm.
deeper and wider than the channel

from the first. The third keel is the
The
least developed and is situated on the base of the columella.
anterior part of the base, including the median keel, is of light-brown
are separated
little
wliich separates the middle keel
color.
slit
Aperture irregular, the main portion
circular.
closed at the edge, but with a circular perforation a
The
posterior
little
distance
behind the edge; anteriorly the outer lip is closely appressed to the
columella, but a circular perforation is present at the base of the
Columella short and decidedly twisted. The type has
columella.
seventeen whorls, and measures: Length, 6.5 mm.; diameter, 2.0 mm.
The type and tlu-ee specimens, Cat. No. 195375, U.S.N.M., were
dredged by the steamer Albatross, of the U. S. Bm-eau of Fisheries,
at Station 2798, in 18 fathoms in the Bay of Panama.
TRIPHORIS INCONSPICUUS
Plate
Triphoris inconspicuus C. B.
XVI,
C. B.
Adams.
fig. 15.
Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat.
Hist. N. Y., 1852,
j^.
383.
Shell small and slender, reddish brown fading to redcUsh yellow on

the last turn, with the supra-sutural keel yellowish white. Nuclear
whorls fine, the first two yellowish white, feebly sculptured, the other
three brown,
marked by two strong narrow
spiral tlireads, wliich
cUvide the space between the sutures into three parts, of which the
anterior
two are about equal
than the
rest.
wliile the posterior one is a little wider

In addition to the spiral threads, the surface is marked
by regular, slender, axial riblets, which are about as strong as the
spiral threads of these there are about twenty-four upon the fourth
and twenty-eight upon the fifth turn. Post-nuclear whorls separated by deeply channeled sutures, ornamented on. the early whorls
by two narrow, tuberculate, spiral keels, which are separated by a
very wide channel. The tubercles are connected across tliis channel
by the rather strong, protractive, axial riblets, of which there are about
sixteen upon the first, twenty-two upon the fifth, and twenty-six upon
Beginning with the fifth postthe penultimate post-nuclear whorls.
nuclear turn, the middle band makes its appearance in the middle
This increases steadily in size, but attains only about
of the channel.
In adchtion to this
half the size of the anterior keel on the last turn.
;
strong sculpture, the entire surface of the spire, tubercles, and interspaces are marked by microscopic lines of growth and spiral striations.
Periphery of the last whorl marked by a rather narrow deep channel.

Base with three prominent, equally strong, and equally spaced keels.
The peripheral sulcus and the two basal sulci between the keels are
marked by the continuations of the axial riblets. Aperture irregular,
pyriform, decidedly channeled posteriorily, main portion subcircular;
parietal wall covered with a very thick callus, wliich extends down
along the short, stout, and anteriorily decidedly twisted columella.
WEST AMERICAN MOLLUSKSBAETSCH.
NO. 1569.
The basal portion of the outer hp is

callus and completely closes the
259
closely appressed to the coliimellar
anterior channel, leaving only a
round perforation at the anterior extremity of the columella.
The specimen described and figured, Cat. No. 195376, U.S.N.M.,

has fifteen v.diorls and measures: Length, 4.1 mm.; diameter, 1.1 mm.
It was dredged by the steamer of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer
The
Albatross at Station 2798, in 18 fathoms, in the Bay of Panama.
type
lot,
No. 208 C. B.
shire, contains
Adams
collection, at
Amherst,
New Hamp-
ten specimens, none of wliich are as well preserved as
the one figured.
A color form of tliis species has the posterior and mechan keel wliite,
wliile the
supra-peripheral one and the base are light brown.
I will
suggest for this form the varietal name, hicolor, fig. 6, Cat. No. 195376,
U.S.N.M., dredged hj the Fisheries steamer Alhatross at the same sta-
Another specimen of this form was found

type lot of Triphoris alfernatus from Panama.
tion.
TRIPHORIS ALTERNATUS
Piatt"
Triphoris alhrnatus C. B.
XVI.
tig.
of tul)ercles
wax
Adams, Ann. Lye. Nat.
yellow,
and the
Adams.
11.
Shell regularly elongate-conic, with the
row
C. B.
among C. B. Adams
Hist. N. Y., V, 1852, pp. 382-3.
median and anterior
spiral
rest of the spire, periphery,
and
Nuclear whorls live, wax yellow,

ornamented by two spiral ridges, the posterior one of which falls on
the middle of the turns and the anterior about half way between
this and the anterior suture.
In addition to this they are crossed by
many slender raised axial threads, thirty-two of which occur upon the
last turn.
The whorls are sloping!}^ shouldered from the posterior
keel to the summit.
Post-nuclear whorls separated by deeply channeled sutures ornamented on the early turns by two strongly tuberculiite s])iral keels
one at the summit, the other at the periphery.
The tubercles are formed by the intersection of the spiral keels and
the axial ribs and slope rather suddenly posteriorly and roundly
toward their anterior limit. Begimiing with the fifth post-nuclear
whorl a slender spiral cord makes its appearance in the middle of
the broad channel between the two keels; this increases steadily in
size, and on the last turn bears tubercles which ecpial those of the
anterior keel in strength.
Axial ribs somewhat retractive, eighteen on
the first, twenty upon the fifth, and twenty-two upon the penidtimate
whorl. The spaces inclosed between the spiral keels and axial ribs are
deep oblong pits, the long axis of which coincides with the spiral keels.
Periphery of the last turn marked by a strong spiral keel. Base
well rounded, marked by two strong spiral keels, the posterior one of
which agrees with those posterior to it in spacing and is weakly
tuberculated, while the anterior one, which is situated on the base
base brown on the later whorls.
260
of the columella,
from
its
crossed
is
neighbor.
vol.xxxiii.
smooth and separated a little more distantly

The supraperipheral and basal channels are
by the continuation
of the axial ribs.
tured; columella stout and twisted, covered
Aperture
by a strong
(?)
callus
frac-
which
extends over the parietal wall.

The type, Cat. No. 207, C. B. Adams collection, Amherst College,
Amherst, Massachusetts, has fifteen whorls, and measures: Length,
4.8
mm.;
diameter, 1.5
mm.
There are two other specimens in the type

collected
by Dr.
('.
B.
Adams
at
lot, all of
TRIPHORIS GALAPAGENSIS, new

Plate
which were
Panama.
XVI,
species.
fig. 7.
Shell small, acicular, with the keel at the
summit and the base
ornamented with
two ratlier closely placed spiral threads, the posterior one of which
marks the middle of the exposed portions of the nuclear whorls, and
many slender, axial riblets, of which there are about twenty-four
upon the fourth and twenty-eight upon the fifth turn. Post-nuclear
whorls eight, separated by deep channeled sutures, ornamented on
the early whorls by two strongly tuberculated keels, separated by a
deep channel, which is crossed by the moderately strong axial ribBeginning with
lets, which connect the tubercles of the two ridges.
the fourth whorl a slender keel makes its appearance between the
other two, which rapidly increases in size, becomes tuberculated,
and on the penultimate and last turn exceeds the basal keel in
There are about fourteen riblets U])on the first, twenty
strength.
upon the fifth, and twenty-two upon the penultimate, post-nuclear
whorl.
Base marked by three non-tul:)erculated, equally strong and
equally spaced sjîral ridges. Aperture irregular, pyriform, strongly
channeled posteriorly and anteriorly, with a rounded opening at the
light
brown, the rest white.
Nuclear whorls
five,
anterior extremity of the short, stout, twisted columella.
wall and columella covered
by a strong
Parietal
callus.
The type and six specimens. Cat. No. 195380, U.S.N.M., were
dredged by the steamer Alhatross of the United States Bureau of
Fisheries, at Station 2813, in 40 fathoms, off the Galapagos Islands.
The type has thirteen whorls, and m.easures: Length, 3.2 mm.;
diameter, 1.1
Two
mm.
were found in the lot

obtained from the above station.
One, represented by a single
specimen, Cat. No. 105380, U.S.N.M., which may be known as
variety postalhus, fig. 5, has the posterior and median keel white,
the rest brown. The other variety, unicolor, fig. 13, represented by
nine specimens, Cat. No. 105379, U.S.N.M., is uniformly brown.
striking color forms of this species
WEST A MERICA N MOLL USKSBA R TSCIL
NO. 1569.
TRIPHORIS CHATHAMENSIS, new

Plate
XVI,
Shell aciciilar, nuclear whorls light
fig.
261
species.
!>.
brown, the others white, except-
ing the narrow band that connects the tubercles into a spiral series
which are brown. Nuclear whorls five, the first smooth, the rest
marked by two, quite closely placed spiral threads, the posterior one
of which falls on about the middle of the exposed portion of the turns.
In addition to the spiral threads the whorls are marked by slender

axial riblets, of which there are about twenty-four upon the second
and twenty-eight upon the fifth turn. Post-nuclear whorls separatetl by deep sutures and ornamented from the very beginning by
three tubercular spiral keels, of which the median is the most strongly
All the tubercles slope very
least developed.
abruptly posteriorly, which lends them a somewhat truncated appearance at this end, and more gradually anteriorly. They are connected
axially by slender riblets, of which there are about fourteen on the
first, sixteen upon the fifth, and eighteen upon the penultimate postnuclear whorl. Periphery of the last whorl marked by a slender tuberBase sloping concavely from the
culate keel in the immature shell.
keel to the columella; without spiral keels, crossed by the feeble continuations of the axial riblets which gradually evanesce as they
and the anterior the
approach the columella. Aperture subc|uadrate, irregular, strongly

channeled anteriorly, outer and basal lip conforming with the external
sculpture and slope, columella short, stout and slightly twisted.
The type and four specimens. Cat. No. 195381, U.S.N.M., were
dredged by the U. S. Fisheries steamer Albatross at Station 2813, in
40 fathoms off Chatham Island, one of the Galapagos group,. They
The type has twelve whorls and measures: Length
are immature.
2.8
mm.; diameter,
1.1
mm.
one of the most distinct forms known to us at present from

the entire coast; the presence of the three spiral keels from the very
beginning is a character possessed by only one other form, namely, T.
callipyrgus from San Pedro, California, which is a much larger species
with three basal keels.
This
is
TRIPHORIS ADAMSI, new

Plate
XVI,
species.
fig. 10.
Shell acicular, uniformly yellowish wdiite.
decollated; the three remaining are
Early nuclear whorls
marked by the
characteristic
sculpture, the double spiral thread, the posterior one of which
upon the middle
of the whorls,
and many slender, axial
is
riblets, of
which there are about twenty-four upon the last turn. Post-nuclear
whorls increasing very regularly in size, ornamented with a double
2G2
vol. xxxiii.
Channel separating these two rows

by low, rather broad
quite wide.
Beginning with the sevriblets, which are decidedly protractive.
enth whorl the slender, median spiral thread makes its appearance.
This is considerably nearer the posterior keel than the anterior, but
in our specimens, which are all young, attains only a moderate
development, with extremely weak tubercles. There are about
eighteen ribs on the first, twenty upon the second, and twenty-two
upon the penultimate post-nuclear turn. Periphery of the last whorl
marked by a strong spiral keel. Base excavated without spiral
keels covered by the feeble continuations of the axial riblets, which
gradually fade out as they approach the short, stout slightly t\\ isted
columella. Aperture subquadrate, decidedly channeled anteriorly.
The type and two additional specimens. Cat. No. 195382, U.S.N.M.,
were dredged by the steamer Albatross of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, at Station 2813, in 40 fathoms, off Chatham Island, one of the
Galapagos Islands. The type has twelve whorls (the first two
nuclear probably having been lost) and measures: Length, 3.4 mm.;
spiral
row
of strong tubercles.
The tubercles
diameter, 1.2
are joined axially
mm.
In this form of the aperture and sculpture of the base this species
agrees with Triphoi^'is cJiathamensis, but the sculpture of the spire is
entirely different.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE
The measurements
All the figures
Fig.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
cited after the
have been enlarged
name
XVI.
refer to the axial length of the specimen.
six diameters.
new species; type; 5.1mm.

new species; type; 4.0 mm.
Tnphoris stearnsi, new species; type; 4.1 mm.
Tnphoris callipyrgus, new species; type; 5.2 mm.
Triphoris galapagensis postalhus, new subspecies; type.
Triphoris inconspicuiis bicolor, new subspecies; type.
Triphoris galapagensis, new species; type; 3.2 mm.
Triphoris excolpus, new species; type; 3.7 mm.
Triphoris chathamensis, new species; type; 2.8 mm.
Triphoris adamsi, new species; type; 3.4 mm.
Triphoris altcrnatus C. B. Adams; type; 4.8 mm.
Triphoris hemphilli, new species; type; 5.1 mm.
Triphoris galapagensis unicolor, new subspecies; type.
Triphoris dalli, new species; type; 6.5 mm.
Triphoris inconspicuiis C. B. Adams; 4.1 mm.
Triphoris carpenteri, new species; type; 7.2 mm.
Triphoris montereyensis, new species; type; 4.6 mm.
Triphoris catalinensis, new species; type; 5.3 mm.
Triphoris panavnensis, new species; type; 8.7 mm.
Trip/ions pfdroans,
Tiiphoris peninsularis,
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PL. XVI
10
12
11
m
14
13
17
West American
15
18
Mollusks.
19
ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM ECHIGO, JAPAN.

By David Stark Jordan and Robert Earl Richardson,
Of Stanford
Unirersilij.
The writers have receiith' received from Mr. Masao Nakamiira, a

Japanese naturalist, tcâcher in the schools of Nagaoka, in the province
of Echig-o, in Japan, a small collection of fishes, from that region.
Among
new
these are three species
mens mentioned arc
museum
in the
Series of the speci-
to science.
Museum and
United States National
in the
of Stanford University.
Family COBITID^F.
LEFUA" ECHIGONIA
I.
Head 4|
Jordan and Richardson, new species.
depth 5^ D. T or 8; A. I, 7;
length; snout 3 in head; inter-
in length, to base of caudal;
scales about 90; width of
orbital space
'2^ in.
head If in
its
head; pectoral li; ventral 2i; eye 2 in interorbital
space.
Fig. 1. Lefua echigonia.
Body moderately
elongate, compressed behind; caudal peduncle

depth fully half the length of the head; head depressed,
broad and flat above, its width more than two-thirds of its length;
eyes anterior, lateral; mouth somewhat inferior, su})terminal, with
flesh}' lips, the lower jaw included, barbels 8, one pair nasal, one pair
terminal on the maxillary, and two pairs on the muzzle anterior to the
nasal and superior to the maxillar}^ pair.
Scales very small, cycloid, none on the head; lateral line obsolete.
Dorsal inserted slightly behind ventrals, the base of its first ray nearer
to tip of caudal than to end of snout; anal wholly behind dorsal; caudal
rounded, a low adipose membrane procurrent on the caudal peduncle
dorsally and ventrally.
deep,
its
"According
Starks, to
to Dr.
which
Leo Berg (Proc. IT.S.N.M., XXXII,
this species belongs, is identical
1907), Elvis Jordan and

with the earlier Lefua Herzenstein
(1888).
Proceedings U.
S.

263
264
vol. xxxni.
Color in spirits olivaceous, densely dusted everywhere except on

belly with rather coarse dark specks; a lateral row of obscure, irregularh' formed, or more or less broken dusk}^ spots, each nearly as large
as eye; a dark humoral spot of rectangular form situated in a pit-like
depression; belly pale, whitish; dorsal and caudal finely specked with
dusky; other fins plain; no large tin spots or blotches.
This species is related to Lefua nil'konis (Jordan and Fowler), differ
ing from it, however, in its much smaller scales, shorter ventral fins,
and in its coloration, there being no caudal blotch.
Known from three specimens li to If inches long from a stream
near Nagaoka, in Echigo, Japan, on the northwestern part of the island
of
Hondo.
The type
is
Cat. No. 20164, Stanford University.
the U. S. National
cotype
is in
Museum.
{Echigo^ a province in Japan).
Family AGONID.F:.
2.
Head
body
PALLASINA ERYNGIA
4.2 in length without caudal; depth 3.50 in head; width of
in front of soft dorsal,
where body
is
not subject to distention,
length without caudal; D. VI-8; A. 10; P. 11; eye 2.5 in

snout; interorbital space 2 in diameter of orl)it; nose 2.1 in head;
27.5
in
barbel
twice
head;
plates in lateral line
between ventrals and anal
50;
between dorsals 12;
15.
Fig. 2. Pallasina eryngia.
Body completely encased
in
an armor of bony plates, as in P. hai'hata
(Steindachner); plates of the dorsal and ventral edges with low keels
which terminate behind
in a short spine; breast with a central plate
larger than the rest, surrounded by smaller plates which
lie between
and the bounding pectoral edge; all the plates with radial striations
proceeding from a central umbo or from the point of the keel; a suborbital row of small, thin plates with radiating stria?; angle of operculum and preoperculum each with a short spine jaws with fine awl-shaped
teeth in narrow bands.
Spinous a little higher than soft dorsal, its longest spine 2.(3 in head;
it
origin of anal barely in front of base of first dorsal; pectorals reachfirst dorsal; ventrals (in male) 3.25 in head.
Color of upper parts in alcohol brownish, specked very finely and
densely with darker; a rather sharp line, coinciding with the keels of
ing slightly past front of
No.
ON FISHES FROM ECHIGOJORDAN AND RICHARDSON.
1570.
the lower
row
of lateral scutes, separating the upper darker
265
from the
lower paler color of the anterior part of the trunk; breast and forward
part of belly pale; concavity of hinder part of belly behind front of
and of caudal peduncle, darkened with line punctulations, which
anal,
more or less gathered into roundish blotches, forming a moniliform series, and not extending fully to the margins of the concavity.
Here described from a single specimen, the type. No. 20165, Stanford
University, b\ inches long, taken on the coast of Echigo, Japan, by
Masao Nakamura. Four specimens of a similar fish, 3 to -i inches long,
are
and with the barbel about equaling the length of the head, taken b}^
Messrs. Jordan and Snyder at Aomori, Japan, in 1901, p<)ssi])ly belong to
The species here descri])ed is well distinguished from

Pallasina harbata"- (Steindachner) by its slenderer body, its extremely
elongated barbel, and its fewer pectoral rays (these being 12 or 13 in
this species.
/*.
larhda.)
(ypvyyog^ the goat's beard.)
Family GOBIlDiE.
3.
Head
CHLOEA NAKAMURiE
3J; depth 4i; D.
VII 11;
A. 11; P.
IS;
eye
-If in
head; nose
3f; maxillary 2|; interorbital f of e3'e; scales 7o.

Bod}^ robust, not much compressed, the back elevated, the protile
convex behind nape, and the caudal peduncle slender, its depth about
4 in head; head pointed, deeper than wide; interorbital space concave;
e3'es anterior, directed somewhat upward; mouth very large, the maxillary reaching a vertical from posterior l)order of pupil; tongue broad,
bitid; gill membranes united to isthmus at a point two eye-lengths in
front of ventrals; gill-rakers on tirst arch 2 + 10, short and thick;
pseudobranchia? large.
Scales small and finely ctenoid; head and breast naked; belly covered
with very small, easily displaced scales.
Dorsal fins separated by a distance equal to diameter of eye, the

spinous scarcel}^ higher than the soft dorsal; anal inserted under third
ra}" of soft dorsal, length of depressed anal five-sixths of head; caudal
rounded posteriorly; pectoral rounded behind, no filaments on

iq^per edge; ventrals reaching one-half the distance
from
its
their ])ase
to base of anal.
Six specimens of PaUashia harbata from Port Clarence, Alaska, 2 from Herendeen
Bay, 3 from Chignik Bay, and 4 from Nemuro, Japan, show no noticeable variation
in the body proportions, in tlie length of the barbel, or in the number of pectoral
rays, the barljel never exceeding in length twice the diameter of the eye.
The
specimens mentioned inchide both males and females. PaUashia ai.c Starks is distinguished both from the present species and from P. barbala by its much larger
eye, which is fully Ij times the diameter of the eye in specimens of the pther two
species, and the belly is punctulated more densely and evenly and farther forward.
266
vol.
xxxm.
Color in spirits pale muddy pinkish, everywhere densely and finel}"

specked with black, including- back, sides, belly, and head; hns and
branch iostegals, with the exception of the pectorals, yet more densely
specked with black, so that to the naked eye they appear almost jet
black, especially at margins; pectorals pale; lightly specked with
d^sk^^
This species
is
close to Cldoea castanea (O'Shaughness}^),
from which
much
longer maxillary and in coloration. It is here

described from 3 specimens, If to 2 inches in length, from Nagaoka,
in Echigo, Japan.
The type is No. 20163, Stanford University. Cotypes are in the
it ditl'ers in
U.
S.
its
National
Museum.
Two of
the specimens are females, distended
Fig.
.-K^-f^l^âs^
3. CHLOEA NAK.iMl'R.E.
with eggs, and a singk> one (the type) is a nâle. It isprobal)lo tjiat
the dark color on fins and l)ranchiostegals is partially the evanescent
nuptial coloration.
The speckling- of the belly (in l)oth sexes) and the
longer maxillary of this species sufticiently separate it from ChloPa
castanea.
In the same collection with these species are numerous .specimens of

CJixnoijohluH riua'Tognaihox (Bleekcr) and of CliloPa
sarchyunh Jordan
and Snyder.
(Named
for
Masao Nakamura,
a Japanese naturalist.)
THE DRAGONFLIES (ODONATA) OF BURMA AND LOWER

SIAAl II. SUBFAÎILIES CORDLTLEGASTERIN^, CHLOROGOMPHIN.E, AND GOMPHIN.F:.
By Edward Bruce Williamson^

Of Bluff ton, Indiana.
This paper is the second of the series, following the general plan
and based on the collections described in Part I, namely: (1) A
collection made by Dr. W. L. Abbott in Lower Siam, and presented
to the U. S. National Museum; (2) a collection made by Mrs. A. V. B.
of
Crumb, presumably in the vicinity of Toungu, Burma, and owned

by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and (3) a collection made by Mr. R. A. Earnshaw for the present writer in the
Karenni and Toungu districts, Burma. My indebtedness to Mr. R. A.
Earnshaw requires a secontl acknowledgment. Since the publication
of Part I
he has sent
me
material
containing specimens of the
and value, and necessitating at some future date

Through the
additional remarks on the Calopteryginae of Burma.
kindness of M. Guillaume Severin, of the Musee Royale de I'Histoire
greatest interest
Naturelle de Belgique, I am enabled to figure in this i)aper the

venation of twelve specimens from the De Selys collection. These
photographs were made at the museum in Belgium. The photographs of other specimens were made in the laborator}- of Prof.
James G. Needham and under his direction. Mr. Samuel Henshaw
loaned me a few very valuable specimens from the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. M. Rene Martin not
only loaned me a number of specimens, but gave me others which have

been invaluable in this study. Through the good offices of Prof. F.
Foerster I purchased in Germany a collection containing many
Gomphines from Tonkin. Mr. C. C. Adams has loaned me a number of
specimens from India, Japan, and China. Dr. Philip P. Calvert has
'
been freely consulted regarding many details.

In an effort to select a nomenclature for the wing veins that would
meet with the approval of students in this countr3^, at least, an exteno See Part I. Subfamily Calopterygin.^, Proc. U.
published April 22, 1905.
Proceedings U.
S.
S.
Nat. Mus.
XXVIII,
pp. 165-187,
571
267
268
sive correspondence has
been carried on with Doctor Calvert, Professor
Needham, and Mr. Rolla

9,dvice and suggestions.
as nuich as possible,
vol.xxxiii.
P. Ciirrie, to
have
all
of
whom
am
indebted for
harmonize these suggestions

and the names used in explaining the diagram
I
tried to
of wing-venation are the result.
In the paper on the subfamily Calopterygin^ the species discussed

were mostly well known and represented by large series of specimens in
many collections, but in the subfamilies at present under discussion
an entirely different condition exists. The reasons for this may be
briefly discussed.
In the Calopteryginae there are species in wliicli the differences in

between the sexes are probably as great as in any species of bird
or butterfly, although those peculiar secondary sexual characters of
the male usually shown by such birds and butterflies are wanting in
the order Odonata." Of the oriental genera of Calopterygina? Bliinocolor
cypJia
is
the largest, and shows a maximum development in these

The Calopteryginse are not specialized for pro-
color differences.
tracted flight, but spend nuich of their lives near their birthplace;
they wander
by successive flights in an environment genaccustomed daily haunts. Nevertheless their

flight may be swift and mobile.
Like the highl}^ colored hummingbirds, some of them at least are pugnacious, though evidences of
injuries to each other from this cause are wanting.
Two males of
Calopteryx angustipennis will perform such rapid evolutions about each
other that the eye can scarcely follow them. Males of Hetserina wage
similar warfare.
It would be strange if males of RhinocypJia did not
fight ill the same way.
In Bhinocypha the hyaline spots in the wings
of certain males might well serve the same function attributed to
ejê-spots and other striking markings on the outer portions of the
wings of Lepidoptera,'' but none of the many specimens I have seen
was so damaged as to indicate that they do so serve. In fact, I
know of no evidence that the brightly colored and often metallic
Calopteryginse are ever devoured by birds. The display of colors by
the male before the female has been recorded for two species belonging to two widely different genera, though the possibility of voluntary
sexual selection by these insects is, it appears to me, very remote.
Those most active in their display, however, probably would be the
most vigorous and liighly colored of their associates and would, in
competition with others of the same species, stand the best chance of
reproducing. The male abdominal appendages in this subfamily are
but little specialized, and throughout the group are remarkably
or
if
it is
erally similar to their
Some stigmatic differences may offer an exception to the rule.

These markings are supposed to produce on the insects' natural enemies the false
impression that thoy are real vital organs, by which they may be captured with
a
&
certainty.
NO. 1571.
DRAGONFLIES OF BURMA AND SIAM WILLIAMSON.
similar
in
form.
Calopteryginae generally do not
sensitiveness to weather conditions.
269
display great
Temporary cloudiness and
slight
changes in wind or temperature do not result in immediate decrease

There is reason to
of activity or in search for a new environment.
helieve that as a group the species have a moderately long or protracted seasonal range.
Comparing now the subfamily Gomphinae
the largest of the

considered in this paper with the Calopteryginsp, I
find in the former only slight differences, if any, between the sexes
of anj^ species, and these almost entireh^ confined to body-markMoreover, the GomphinsB are as a group obscurely or proings.
ISIetallic or other brilliant colors, so common in
tectively colored.
CalopteryginiP and in certain beetles which are not eaten by birds
The ground-color varies from pale brown through
are unknown.
various shades of brown and yellowish or reddish brown to black.
The markings are from Avhite through pale green, green, pale yellow,
subfamilies
and clear yellow to orange; or the ground-color may be the paler,

marked w4th the darker colors. The A\4ngs are hyaline, or slightly
fumose. In wing venation these dragonflies are highly specialized,
adapting them to protracted flights. For example, some species
spend much of their time in tall forest trees and during a day may
make numerous trips from a stream to trees at considerable distances from the water. There is reason to believe that certain
species spend much of their lives at a distance from the streams
which gave them birth, being fully able, when the time arrives, to
return by rapid and sustained flight. The size, stnicture, and consistency of these insects make them favorable food for mediumsized or larger insectivorous birds, and it \\\&j be well supposed that
natural selection has tended to suppress brilliant colors and habits
which would attract attention. The males do not make themselves
conspicuous by pugnacious attacks on each other. Several may
be on the wing in close proximity without attacking, though they
fre(}uently approach as if in search of females.
In the form of the
abdominal appendages of the male the Gompliinae are highly specialized.
In the oriental region Onychogomphus is represented by the
greatest number of species, and in this genus both venation and
male appendages are highly specialized. This specialization and
presumably more perfect adaptation of the appendages to their
use would render the speedy capture of the female almost certain.
Moreover, the scattering of the species through woodland and fields
adjacent to streams woukl render the meeting of individuals to
some extent accidental. In view of these facts conflicts between
males are probably the exception. During the act of copulation
Gomphinse generally seek more

the Calopteryginae.
sitiveness to
Some
retired and elevated places than

Gomphiiii^, at least, displaj^ great sen-
weather conditions, appearing about certain favorite
270
VOL. XXXIII.
haunts only a few hours during the day, absenting themselves almost
entirely one day, apparently ^\athout reason, to appear in undimin-
o
a.
NO. 1571.
271
water for the trees and bushes, where they rest inactive
and inconspicuous till the reappearing sun brings them again to the
stream. Continued cloudiness ma}^ cause them to leave the river,
Moreover, species of
scattering far and wide over fields and woods.
this subfamily are well known to have a brief seasonal range in
temperate regions, and the same thing is probably true in the tropics.
Because of the scarcity of positive records for Burma and Lower
Siam of species of the subfamilies under discussion in tliis paper, a
slightl}^ different treatment from that emplojêd in the paper on the
In this paper I have given disCalopteryginse has seemed desirable.
tribution and brief notes on all the species known in the oriental
fauna.
From this it must not be supposed that I expect subsequent
collecting to show a large percentage of these species to occur in
Burma and Lower Siam. On the contrary, I believe a number of
to forsake the
species at present undescribed will be revealed.
Throughout the })aper the halftone figures of wings are of arbitrary

and give no idea of the relative size of the wings in various species.
The figures representing thoracic color pattern are diagrammatic, all
drawn over the same outline, and give no idea of the difl'erent forms
and sizes of the insects themselves. The figure illustrating venational
nomenclature is still more diagrammatic.
(See figs. 1-3.)
The
remaining figures are drawn to scale the same for all and give an
size
idea of the relative sizes in different species.
KEY TO THE ORIENTAL GENERA OF THE SUBFAMILY GOMPHIN.^ (iMAGOES).
ORDER ODONATA
(Neuroptera Odonata, Para-
neuroptera).
Front and hind wings dissimilar in shape, the latter usually broader at base; the
quadrangle of the suborder Zygoptera divided to form the triangle and super-
aa.
Males with one inferior abdominal appendage which, however, may

be deeply bifid or rudimentary
Suborder ANISOPTERA
Antenodals of first series mostly coinciding with those of the second series triangle
of front wing with its long axis at right angles to the length of the wing, and
riangle of hind wing with its long axis parallel to the length of the wing.
triangle.
bb.
Family Libellulid.e
not coinciding with those of the second series, excepting
in the case of two, which are thickened
Family jEshnid.e
Radial and median supplements present; triangle of front wing at least as elon-
Antenodals
c.
of first series
M2 paralleling Mj at least as far as the stigma.

Head globose. Lateral abdominal carinee present
subfamily .eshnin.^
Head transversely elongated eyes separated or meeting at a single point only.
gate as triangle of hind wing;
cc.
Lateral abdominal carinse wanting.

d.
Radial supplement developed triangle of front wing at least as elongate as

triangle of hind wing.
Median labia llobe divided. .PctaHa and allies,
probably worthy of subfamily rank (not regional.
;
dd.
Radial and median supplements not developed
"See Proc. U.
S.
National Museum,
M.2 ijaralleling R^.
XXVIII,
p. 167.
272
vol. xxxin.
Stigma of uniform width, the distance

labial lobe divided.
between C and R^ a cell or two beyond stigma less than the distance
between Ri and M^ at the same level; in front and hind wings at least
4 cross veins between M^_-f and M4^.
Eyes touching
/. Subtriangles of front and hind wings similar in shape.
dorsally or but little separated.
g. Median space without cross veins; triangle of hind wing more elongate
subfamily cordulegasterin^
than triangle of front wing
gg. Median space with cross veins; triangle of front wing at least as elonsubfamily CHLOROGOMPHiNiE
gate as triangle of hind wing
/(.
Triangle of hind wing strongly narrowed in the direction of the
Chlorogomphus
long axis of the wing
Orogomphus
hh. Triangle of hind wing about equilateral
wings dissimilar; triangle of front wing
ff. Subtriangles of front and hind
not as elongate as triangle of hind wing. Eyes widely separated.
SUBFAMILY PETALURiNÊ (uot regional)
Eyes widely separated. Stigma wider at
ee. Median labial lobe entire.
middle than at either end, the distance between C and Ri a cell or two
beyond stigma about equaling the distance between Ri and Mj at the
same level; triangle of front wing less elongate than triangle of hind
SUBFAMILY GOMPHINjE
wing
/. Subtriangle of front wing crossed (except in Gomphidia javanica) supertriangular cross veins present; distance from forking of Mi_2 and M3 to
subnodus equal in front and hind wings, in front wing equal to onefourth the distance from wing base to subnodus; cross veins between
Mi_3 and M^ numerous, at least 4 in hind wing; M3 in hind wing slightly
waved; Rg and M4 with accessory sectors; stigma long, equaling onethird the distance from nodus to distal end of stigma.
Triangle of front
g. Lateral margins of abdominal segment 8 dilated.
Ictinus
wing short, the inner and superior sides about equal
Triangle of
gg. Lateral margins of abdominal segment 8 not dilated.
front wing longer, the outer and superior sides about equal.
Gomphidia
without cross veins; disff. Subtriangle of front wing and all supertriangles
tance from forking of Mi_2 and M3 to subnodus equal to about onethird the distance from wing base to subnodus in front wing; R^ and
e.
Median
M4 without
g.
.distinct accessory sectors;
stigma shorter, in length
less
than one-third the distance from nodus to distal end of stigma.

Triangle of hind wing crossed; at least 3 rows of cells between M4 and
Cui at level of penultimate antenodal in front wing.
h. Triangle of front wing crossed; arculus in front and hind wings at
level of second antenodal; anal area of front wing with 2 rows of
cells proximal to the triangle, followed distally by more than 2
rows; M4 and Cu^ in front wing divergent, about 15 cells between
at wing margin; in hind wing 2 cross veins between M,_3 and M^;
trigonal supplement distinctly present; distance from forking of
Mi_2 and M3 to subnodus about equal in both wings.
i. Cubital space with 2 or 3 cross veins in addition to the one forming
the subtriangle; Mj^ in front wing arising nearer nodus than
stigma;
basal antenodal of second series present in four wings;
sectors strongly curved, the angle of
R^ with the hind margin

Sieholdivs
obtuse
one forming the

subtriangle; Mi^ in front wing arising nearer stigma than nodus;
a. Cubital space with
cross vein in addition to the
NO. 1571.

basal antenodal of second series wanting;
273
sectors less curved,
R3 meeting the hind margin of wing at an acute angle Hagenius

Triangle of front wing free; arculus in front and hind wings near
the third antenodal; anal area of front wing with 1 row of cells
proximal to the triangle, followed by not more than 2 rows; M4
and Cui in front wing nearly parallel, about 9 cells between at
margin; in hind wing 1 cross vein between Mi_3 and M^; trigonal supplement not distinct; distance from forking of Mi_2
and M3 to subnodus greater in front wing than in hind
.
hh.
wing
Davidius
and supertriangles all normally free; distance from forking of Mi_2 and M3 to subnodus greater in front wing
than in hind wing; sectors uniformly curved trigonal supplement
gg. Triangles, subtriangles,
not distinctly developed; stigma short, usually one-fourth or

in distance from nodus to distal end of stigma.
less
Normally with 3 or more cross veins between M1-3 and M4 in hind

wing and 4 or more in front wing; Mj.., and M^ approximated at
or immediately beyond their origin at the arculus; stigma with-
h.
out brace vein.

Basal antenodal of second series present in all wings (excepting
in Leptogoviphus sp.); anal area of front wing with 1 or 2 rows
i.
by 2 or more rows.
between Mi and Mj^ at level of distal
end of sti'gnia; anal area of front wing with maximum width
of 3 or more cells; proximal angle of triangle in front wing
not as far distant from arculus as length of proximal side of
subtriangle; forking of Mi_3 and M4 in hind wing symmetrical
Macrogomphus
One row of cells (rarely 2) between M^,aud AIi_^ at level of distal
end of stigma; anal area of front wing with a maximum width
of 2 cells; proximal angle of triangle in front wing at least as
of cells before the triangle, followed
More than
j.
jj.
2 rows of cells
distant from arculus as length of proximal side of subtriangle;
forking of Mi_3 and
M^
in
hind wing unsymmetrical.

Leptogoviphus
a. Basal antenodal of second series wanting; anal area of front
wing
row of cells between Mj and
Mi,^ at level of distal end of stigma; proximal angle of triangle
in front wing at least as distant from arculus as length of proximal side of subtriangle; forking of M^_.^ and M^ in hind wing
unsymmetrical
Mierogomphus
Normally with 1 cross vein (rarely 2) between Mi_3 and M^ in hind
wing and 4 or less in front wing; Mi_3 and M^ distinctly separated
at ajid beyond their origin at the arculus; forking of Mi_3 and
M4 in hind wing symmetrical or not distinctly unsymmetrical;
stigma with or without brace vein; proximal angle of triangle in
front wing not as distant from arculus as length of inner side of
with
hh.
row
of cells throughout; 1
subtriangle. &
a Characters based
genus known
b
to
on a study of the American H.
brevistylus, the
only species of the
me.
The
following genera form a group of great venational uniformity marked

by
diversities.
At least 2 of them are of very wide distribution and others,
not regional and not here considered, find their closest allies here. Genera have
many minor
developed these
Proc. N.
many minor
M.
vol.
venational characters independently, at least in
xxxiii 07
18
many
274
i.
vol.
xxxm.
Stigma long, in front wing equal to more than one-fourth the distance from nodus to distal end of stigma; triangle in hind wing
greatly elongated, the upper side about twice as long as the
inner side; basal antenodal of second series present in both
wings; M4 and Cuj in front wing divergent, 3 rows of cells
between at level of the nodus; 2 rows of cells between M.^ and
Mia in front wing at level
end of stigma; 2 rows of cells

wing beginning nearer the stigma
than the nodus; arculus in front wing at or proximal to second
antenodal; cubital space in front wing with 1 cross vein in
between Mj and M2 in
of distal
front
addition to the inner side of the subtriangle; anal area in front
wing with
a
row
of cells jjroximal to the triangle, followed
maximum width
by
more; 3 rows of postanal cells in

hind wing; distal angle of triangle in hind wing not separated
from M4 by a distinct stalk; stigma with brace vein.
of 3 cells or
Cydogomphus
a. Stigma shorter, at the most equal to or less than one-fourth the
distance from nodus to distal end of stigma; triangle in hind
wing with upper side not twice as long
j.
as the inner side; basal

antenodal of second series usually absent.
Cubital space in front wing with 2 cross veins in addition to the
one forming the inner side of the subtriangle; M4 and Cu^ in
front wing with 3 rows of cells between at level of nodus; 2
rows of cells between Mj and Mj^ in front wing at level of distal
end of stigma; arculus in front wing distal to second antenodal;

fi-ont wing with 2 rows of cells proximal to the triangle, beyond the triangle but little better developed, normally only 2 cells wide at the maximum; 4 rows of postanal
cells; distal angle of triangle in hind wing not distinctly
anal area in
separated from M4; brace vein of stigma apparently variable.
Anisogomphus
jj.
Cubital space in front wing with one cross vein in addition to

the one forming the inner side of the subtriangle.
k. Triangle in hind wing not distinctly separated from M^ by
a short stalk; usually 2 (sometimes 3) cross veins
I.
between
Mi_3 and M4 in front wing.

A2 in hind wing arising near the middle of the lower side of
the subtriangle, postanal cells of about the same width
throughout; arculus in front wing at or proximal to second
antenodal; 1 or 2 rows of cells between M^ and Mi^ in
wing at level of distal end of stigma 2 cells between

Mj and M, in front wing beginning nearer stigma than
front
nodus; stigma with brace vein.

cases, and, in the resulting confusion, relationships are almost impossible of discernment. At the same time I believe the genera may be accurately defined, though
their proper grouping is impossible, by venational characters alone.
Material accessible to me, as ex^jlained more fully in the following pages, has been such that I have
been limited to a first-hand study of venational characters only, in the case of many
genera,
and
and species. It is to be expected,

not entirely a natural one and that the
in the case of all to but few specimens
therefore, that the
arrangement
of
genera
is
many cases are too explicit to cover all the species. More material,
both adult and nymphal, than that to be found at present in all the collections in
the world and the tabulation of other as well as venational characters will be necessary
for the ultimate solution of the relationships of these genera.
definitions in
NO. 1571.
275
DRAGON FLIES OF BURMA AND ^lAM WILLIAMSON.

Three rows of postanal cells in hind wing.
n. Anal area in front wing with maximum width
VI.
of 2 cells,
distal to the level of the triangle scarcely 2 cells
wide, and that only for a short distance; M^ and Cui

in front wing parallel to beyond the nodus, 2 cells
between
0.
One row
at level of nodus.
of cells
between Mi and Mi^ in
fi'ont
wing
to
the wing margin; anal area in front wing with 1

row of cells proximal to the triangle; Cuz in front
wing ending under the nodus.". .Anonnogomphus

rows of cells between Mi and Mi,^ in front wing
at level of distal end of stigma; anal area in front
wing proximal to the triangle, 2 cells wide for a
.
oo.
Two
distance of 1 cell only, or only 1 cell wide; Cug

wing ending ]jefore the nodus.
in front
nn. Anal aica in front wing with a
proximal
cells,
Burmagoviphus
width of 3
maximum
to level of triangle 1 cell
wide; M^
and Cui in front wing divergent, at least 3 rows of

cells between at level of nodus; 2 rows of cells be
tween Mi and Mi^ in front wing at level of distal end
Platygomphus
of stigma
mm. Four or more rows of postanal cells in hind wing; 2 rows
of cells between Mi and Mi,^ in front wing at level of
distal end of stigma; anal area in front wing proximal
to triangle, 2 (or in some American species 1) cells
wide, distally reaching a maximum of at least 3 cells
species); M4
(2, fully developed, in some American
and Cui in front wing divergent, at least 3 cells be-
II.
Gomphusa
tween them at level of nodus
inner
angle
the
proximal
to
or
near
arising
wing
hind
A2 in
of the subtriangle, Ai or AjOr both usually decidedly angled, at least 4 rows of postanal cells; anal area in front
wing proximal to the triangle, 2 cells wide for at least the
length of 1 cell, followed distally l)y a maximum width
than 3
of not less
cells.
m. M4 and Cui in front wing parallel to beyond the nodus, 2

cells between at level of nodus; arculus in front wing
at or proximal to second antenodal; 1 or 2 rows of cells
between Mi and Mi,^ in front wing at level of distal end
of stigma; 2 cells between Mi and M2 appearing first
nearer the stigma than the nodus in front wing; first
postanal cell in hind wing divided, not twice as wide as
the second; stigma with brace vein. ..Onychogomphus
mm. M4 and Cui in front wings divergent, 4 rows of cells between at level of nodus; arculus in front wing distal
to second antenodal; 3 rows of cells between Mi and
end of stigma in front wing; 2

between Mi and M, appearing first nearer the
nodus than the stigma in front wing; first postanal
cell in hind wing divided, twice as wide as the sec-
Ml,, at level of distal
cells
As shown by Needham's studies
of
groups are definable, but more material
is
some of the North American species, subneeded for a final disposition of the suljject.
276
VOL. XXXIII.
ond; stigma without brace vein (in cochinchinensis,

the only species of the genus I have studied).
Heterogomphus
kk. Triangle in hind wing distinctly separated from M4 by a short
stalk (the extreme development from the condition found
in Agriogomflms and Neogo7nphus for examples); M4 and
,
Cu, in front wing divergent, 4 cells between at level of
nodus; 3 rows of cells between Mj and Mj^ at level of distal

end of stigma in front wing; 2 rows of cells between Mj and
M2 in front wing appearing first nearer stigma than nodus;
arculus in front wing distal to second antenodal; anal area
wing with 2 rows
proximal to the level of

maximum width of 4 or
5 cells; A, in hind wing arising near the inner angle of the
subtriangle; 5 rows of postanal cells; 3 or 4 cross veins between Mi_3 and M4in front wing; stigma with brace vein.
in front
of cells
the triangle, followed distally by a
Merogomphus
Subfainily OORr>XJIL.E&,A-STE;RI]SrÊ;.
Genera
ALLOGASTER De Selys, ANOTOGASTER

anci THECAGASTER De Selys.
De Selys
No species of the subfamily Cordulegasterinse have been reported

Burma or Siam and none is represented in the collections accessible
to me, though representatives of three genera are known from India.
for
Fig. 4. Wings of
male Anotogaster sieboldii from Japan.
These genera are separated by De Selys as follows: Allogaster is

distinguished by the greatly developed frons, almost as wide as the
Only
eyes, with the crest as elevated as the base of the occiput.
one species, latifrons I)e Selys, from Bengal, is Ioiomti. In Anotogaster the stigma is long, the head globose; and in Tliecagaster the
stigma is short, the head transverse. Four species of Anotogaster
are kno\Mi, occurrmg in Nepal and North India, through Tibet
and China to Japan. A. lasalis De Selys, occurring in North India,
No.
is
1571.
DRAGONFLIES OF BURMA AND
SUM WILLIAMSON.
277
nipalensis De Selys, occurring in

yellow venation instead of black; by a large
by De Selys from
distinguished
Nepal, as follows: By
yellow ring on al^dominal segment 10, wanting in nipalensis, and
by other characters. TTiecagaster is represented by two species from
North India (North India and Himalaya). These species, originally
genus by
De
were later definitely referred l)y

Od. No. 7). The two species, hrevistigrna De Selys and parvistigma De Selys, have the abdomen black
T. hremstigm-a has 14 or 15 antewdth dorsal spots in a half ring.
nodals in front wing, while parvistigma has 21. Some other differences mentioned by De Selys are: T. brevistigma has the upper lip
bordered with black, and abdominal segment 10 black with a lateral
longitudinal yellow spot; parvistigma has the upper lip not bordered
with black, and 10 without yellow markings. Representatives of
the subfamily Cordulegasterina? will certainly eventually be found in
Burma and probably also in Siam. (See fig. 4.)
placed
him
this
Selys,
to Cordulegaster (Causeries
Subfamily OIILiORO&OM:PH:iJSr.fE.
Genus
This genus
is
CHLOROGOMPH US
represented
by two
species
De
Selys.
confined to Sumatra
and Java.
Fig.
5. Wings of male OROGOMPHrs atkinsoni.
Genus
OROGOMPHUS
De
De
Selys' collection.
Selys.
Three species are known, found in Luzon, Bengal, Tonkin, and
Burma.
The
0. splendidus
by De Selys as follows:
Luzon and Tonkin, and speciosus De Selys,
three species are distinguished
De
Selys,

278
Burma,
are distinguished from. atJcinsoni
having the frons

lateral
less
De
Selys,
VOL. XXXIII.
from Bengal,
elevated, entirely black in front;
by-
3 yellow
thoracic stripes, the middle the widest, instead of 2; and

abdomen a little dilated. (See fig. 5-6.)
the end of the
Fig.
6.
Wings of female Orogomphds atkinsoni.
De
Selys' collection.
marked with brownish yellow, the

brown, and abdominal segments 3-7 black. In
speciosus the wings are hyaline, and segments 3-7 are black, with
an apical yellow spot on each.
0. splendidus has the wings
apices
reddish
I.
OROGOMPHUS SPECIOSUS
De
Selys.
"Taho en Mars (Fea)." Known only from the female.

not seen specimens. Abdomen 57 mm., hind wing 46 mm.
Subfamily
have
GO]VIFIII]Sr.3:.
Genus ICTINUS
Ram bur.
Fifteen species and one variety of the genus Ictiiius are at present
recognized, or twelve species and four varieties,
if
De Sel^^s's views are
Twelve of these sixteen occur in the oriental region.

These have been divided into two groups by De Selys, defined most
readily by the color pattern of the head, thorax, and legs, as follows:
First group.
Face largely black; posterior edge of side of thorax
black; femora largely black or brown.
I. tenax Hagen occurs in the
Philippines.
It has been described from a single male and an incomfollowed.
plete female.
Accordmg
to
De
Selys
it
is
distinct
by havmg
the
femora with an external double yellow stripe, obliterated on the

second femora of the female; the nasus banded, not spotted, with
yellow; abdominal segment 7 spotted, not ringed, with yellow; and
the inferior abdominal appendage of the male not more divaricate
NO. 1571.
DRAGONFLIES OF BURMA AND SIAMWILLIAMSOX.
279
De Selys occurs in Java,

be recognized by the association of the following characters: Antehumeral yellow stripe
slightly or not interrupted; frons black, with a narrow yellow line;
a yellow stripe betwêen the two lateral thoracic sutures; posterior
edge of side of thorax broadly black; and femora largely brown.
7. melsenops De Selys occurs in Indo-China, Sumatra, and Borne.
It is distinct from all by having the antehumeral stripe reduced to a
than the superior appendages.
Sumatra, Borneo, and Tonkin.
I.
decoratus
It
may
superior spot and the area between the lateral thoracic sutures uni-
formly black, or with 1 or 2 small superior spots. Of the remainmg

four oriental species (or two species and two varieties) of this group,
yertinax Hagen, occurring in China and Tonkin, is separated by having
median yellow spot, abdominal segment 8 laterwithout a yellow ring, and 10 all black. 7. rapax
Rambur, known from India and Indo-China, is ver}^ closely related
the nasus without a

ally spotted,
Hagen, fi-om India, and mordax De Selys, from India, the

two being regarded by De Selys as varieties of rapax. I. mordax may be recognized from the fact that it has the black stripes on
to prsecox
latter
the lateral sutures joined at the middle, reducing the yellow stripe
between them to a superior and an inferior spot; as m pertinax,

abdominal segment 10 is black. In rapax the abdomen is 47-52 mm.,
hind wing 40-44 mm.; in prxcox the abdomen is 50-53 mm., hind
wing 39-40 mm.; in prxcox the basal black of the frons connects
at the middle with the black of the frons in front; in rapax yellow
occupies the basal half of abdominal segment 3 and basal two-fifths
Closely related as these
of 4-6; in precox the yellow is reduced.
species are, Hagen' s figures in Monographic des Gomphines indicate
differences which should permit of more decisive definitions if material
were at hand.
Second group. Face largely yellow; posterior edge of side of
thorax without black; femora largely yellow. In aiigulosus De Selys,
from India, and atrox De Selys, from India, the leaf-like expansions of
segment 8 are of medium size, largely or entirely l>lack; in davatus
Fabricius, fi'om Japan, China, and Tonkm, and pJialeratus De Selys,
from China and Tonkin, the expansion is larger, yellow, broadly
bordered with black. In atrox the upper lip is not bordered with
black, the rear of the head is black, the expansion of abdominal segment 8 is yellow at the base, and there are 5-6 enlarged spines on the
posterior femora; in angulosus the upper lip is bordered with black,
the rear of the head is black and yellow, the expansion of 8 is entirely
black, and there are 7-8 enlarged spines on the posterior femora.
7.
plialeratus wâs regarded as a variety of davatus
by De
Selys, dis-
segment 8, by having segment 10

without a dorsal yellow spot, as in davatus, and by having the triangle
Three
of the fi'ont wmg followed by 3 cells instead of 4 as m davatus.
tinguished
by a smaller expansion
of
280
males from Tonkin in
my collection have segment
VOL.
xxxm.
10 and appendages
as described for -plwleratus, but are otherwise like clavatus excepting
that the venational character mentioned
is intermediate; in one
specimen the triangle in both front wings is followed by 3 rows of
cells, in another specimen by 4 rows, and in the third specimen one
wing has 3, the other 4 rows. Either such a species as jphaleratus
does not exist or it has been imperfectly described.
2.
Trong,
W.
ICTINUS MELiENOPS De
L. Abbott, collection U.S.N.M., 4 males, 12 females.
Fig. 7. Wings of
Wings more
trianorle
Selys.
male Ictinus meljlnops from Siam.
fumose in one male and nine females. Subwins 2-celled in all but the right wins: of one
or less
in front
Fig. s. Wings of
female Ictinus mel.enops from Siam.
male, where it is open, and one mng of a female where it is 3-celled;

Triangle in front wang 2
subtriangle in liind wmg open in all.
in
cells long, the fii'st cell divided, making the triangle B-celled
K0.1571.
DRAOONFLIES OF BVRMA AND SIAM WILLIAMSON.
281
4 male wings and 10 female wings (in three cases slightly abnormal,
the divisions obscured or disguised) triangle in front wing 3 cells
;
long, the first cell divided,
making the
triangle 4-celled
in
male
wings and 15 female wings (disguised in one case) triangle in hind

wing 2 cells long and 2-celled in one male wing; triangle in hind
wing 3 cells long and 3-celled in 5 male wings and 19 female
wings; triangle in hind wing 3 cells long, the first cell divided, making
the triangle 4-celled in 2 male wings and 5 female wangs. Upper
lip entirely black in one male and one female; upper lip with 2 basal
yellow spots, more or less distinct, in all the others. Nasus with a
more or less distinct yellow spot at either end in all. Pale area of
fi'ons above of about uniform width in three males and five females;
narrowed or divided in the middle in one male and seven females.
Ictinus melsenops, race sumatranus Kriiger from Sumatra does not
;
seem
sufficiently different.
3.
(See
figs. 7
and
8.)
ICTINUS PERTINAX Hagen.
One male from Burma
collected
by Earnshaw.
This has the? upper lip black, with two small squarish basal spots,
separated by black, about equal to their width; the antehumeral
stripe widely divided.
I have two adult males and a teneral male
from Tonkin. This teneral specimen, which I refer to "pertinax, has
the spots on the upper lip larger and connected and the antehumeral
;
stripes are
narrowed but not divided above.
Genus
The seven described
krugeri Martin
is
GOMPHIDIA De
species
all
Selys.
occur in the Oriental region.

by perakensis Laidlaw.
rivalled in size only
G.
It
known from Tonkin; abdomen
63 mm., hind wing 50 mm.; front

wing, antenodals 24, postnodals 13-14; distinct from all the others
by having the dorsal thoracic stripes on either side of the middorsal
carina joined at their upper end with a spot which represents the
upper end of the antehumeral stripe. G. conjiuens De Selys occurs
in Central China, Tonkin, and Anam; abdomen 53 mm., hind wing
48 mm.; fi'ont wing, antenodals 19-20, postnodals 11; distinguished
is
from
all
others
by having the dorsal thoracic
the mesothoracic half collar.
below with
from Java, has
stripes joined
G. javanica Foerster,
the abdomen about 53 mm., hind wing 40-43 mm.; front wing,
antenodals 16-18, postnodals 12; it is peculiar in having the subtriangle of the front wing free, not divided (the sub triangle of the fi-ont
wing
is
sometimes free in maclacMani, but in javanica the rhinarium
it is black in maclaclilani)
G. Mrsddi De Selys
and perakensis Laidlaw are peculiar in having; a relatively large
is
yellow, while
number
of postnodals.
G. kirscliii occurs in the Philippines, Borneo,
and Tonkin; abdomen 45-48 nun.,
liind
wing 38-42 nun.; front
282
vol.xxxiii.
wing, antenodals 18-19, postnodals 15-17; on the sides of the

thorax in the black area between the two lateral sutures is a
row of yellow spots. G. perakensis Laidlaw was described from
the Malay Peninsula; abdomen 59 mm., hind wing 54 mm.; front
wing, antenodals 22-23, postnodals 17-18; the abdomen is largely
black, with the dorsal basal one-third of 7 yellow; Doctor Laidlaw
compared his specimen in coloration with a Macrogomphus in the
erroneously determined as quadratus; there is no

The two remaining
similarity between perakensis and quadratus.
the
color of the head.
species of Gompliidia are separated at once by
British
Museum
Selys occurs in Borneo, Sumatra, Tonkin, and

Anam; abdomen, male 51-55 mm., female 52 mm.; hind wing, male
38-43 mm., female 46 mm.; front wing, antenodals 19-21, postnodals
G. maclachlani
De
10-14; face entirely black excepting part of the frons. G. t-nigrum

De Selys is known only from North India; abdomen 52 mm., hind
wing 39.5 mm.; front wing, antenodals 15-16, postnodals 9-10; face,
An eighth species is described
vertex, and occiput largely yellow.
below as new, from a specimen fi'om Siam.

4.
GOMPHIDIA ABBOTTI, new
species.
Abdomen, male without appendages 50 mm., superior appendages

3.5 mm.; hind wing, male 41 mm.
Wings hyaline, without trace of basal spot; membranule white;
stigma very dark brown, covering 4 or 5
Fig. 9. Wings of
cells,
brace vein present;
male Gomphidia abbotti from Siam.
antenodals, front wing 18-19, hind wing 12-13; postnodals, front

triangle in front wing 3 cells long, the first
11, hind wing 10-11
wing
making 4 cells in the triangle, followed b}^ 3

triangle in hind wing 2 or 3 cells long, followed by 3 or 4
sub triangle in front wing once divided, in hind wing
cell
divided,
cells,
cells,
then 2
then 2
free; cubital
NO. 1571.
283
space in front wino^ with 3, in hind wing with 2 additional cross veins;
1 or 2 supertrianguhxr cross veins in front wing, 1 in hind wing; 6-8
cross veins between ]Mi_3 and M^ in front wing, 4-5 in hind wing; anal
(See
triangle 5-celled.
Lower
fig. 9.)
brownish, the adjacent portion of the rear of the

eyes dull yellow; remainder of the head black, marked mth yellow
as follows: Upper lip wdth a superior spot on either side, separated
by more than their own length; .base of mandibles, margined with
black; rliinarium; a very small inferior lateral spot on nasus; a
lip dull
on the frons in front; the anterior half of the

by a broad low
Occitriangle of black continuous with the basal black of the frons.
put high, rounded, with short cilia.
Prothorax ricli dark brown. Thorax of the same color, paler
below, marked with light yellow as follows: A wide mesothoracic
half collar, divided at the median line; short, widely divaricate,
cuneiform stripes on either side above, beginning just in front of the
antealar sinus and reacliing about half way to the mesothoracic half
collar; antehumeral stripe entirely wanting, not represented by a
spot or line; mesepimeron with a stripe a little more than 1 mm. wide,
of nearly uniform width for its entire length; just behind the extreme
upper end of this stripe a minute inconspicuous spot (probably this
is variable and specimens with a row of spots in the black area would
not be surprising) metepimeron with a stripe not quite 2 mm. wide
at its widest part; a spot between the front mugs, and a transverse
row of 3 spots in juxtaposition between the bases of the front and
liind wings.
Legs darlv, brown, apices of femora and the til)ia? black.
Abdomen brown anteriorly, black posteriorly, marked with yellow
as follows: 1 and 2 obscurely marked, 1 with a dorsal basal spot, 2
with a dorsal median spot, the auricles dull yellowish tipped mth
black; basal dorsal rings on 3-7, occupying two-fifths of 3, one-third of
4-6, and nearly one-half of 7; these yellow areas minutely punctate
with black and on 3-6 divided posteriorly in the median line by the
encroaching black; on 7 the yellow is produced slightly posteriorly in
the median line; 8 with a small obscure basal lateral spot, a hint of
which is found on 9; 10 with an obscure dorsal median greenish spot,
the spot itself with a median black spot; appendages black; abdomen
beneath dark, base of 3, vesicle, and portion of apices of genital
hamules pale. (See fig. 10.)
Genital lobe represented on the margin of the segment by a low
ridge w^th 4-6 short black teeth; anterior lamina prominent, the
median third produced posteriorly as a smoothly rounded tubercle;
hamules thin, plate-like, extending well beyond the vesicle of the
narrow superior
line
frons above, this pale area nearly or quite divided
284
VOL. XXXIII.
apex of the posterior, its apical

third a long slender hook; posterior hamule elongated triangular in
penis, the anterior not reaching the
somewhat rounded.
Described from a single male, collection U.S.N.M., collected at
Trong, Lower Siam, Jan.-Feb., 1899, by Dr. W. L. Abbott, for whom
general shape, the sides
this fine species is
named.
Tyj)e.^Ca,t. No. 10449, U.S.N.M.
Contrasted with other species of the genus certain differences may

be noted. From t-ni(jru7n it differs hi having the triangle of the front
wing followed by 3, not 4, cells; the face largely black; anterior femora without pale stripe; abdominal segment 8 black, with a lateral
basal pale spot, not yellow with apical one-third black; 7 with scarcely
basal half yellow, not basal three-fourths; 9 almost entirely black, and
Fig. 10. GOMPHIDIA ABBOTTI
FROM SlAM.
INAL APPENDAGES.
A,
B, LATERAL VIEWS OF MALE ABDOMABDOMINAL SEGMENTS.
DORSAL, AND
AND
lo,
appendages differently shaped. From maclachlani it differs by having

the upper lip spotted with yellow and the rhinarium yellow; the abdomen with less black, and the appendages differently shaped. From
Jcirschii it differs in having a darker nasus; the antehumeral spots or
stripes absent; abdominal spots not lateral but dorsal, reduced on
8 instead of more prolonged; appendages differently shaped, and a
smaller number of postnodals. From. jêraJcensis it differs by the more
extensive yellow on abdominal segments 3-6 and the smaller number
From confluens it differs by having the subtriangle oi
of postnoclals.
2-celled,
not 3-celled; by the differently colored face; by
front wing
dorsal
thoracic
stripes; by the black legs, and by the much
the isolated
darker abdominal segments 7-10. From l^rugeri it differs by the
2-celled, not 3-celled, subtriangle of the front wing, by the dorsal
NO. 1571.
DRAQONFLIES OF BVRMA AND SIAM WILLIAMSON.
285
by the more extensive yellow on abdominal segments

and by the very different appendages. From javanica by having
the subtriangle of front wing divided, not free; by the more extensive
yellow on abdominal segments 3-6, and b}^ the form of the appendages.
thoracic pattern,
3-6,
Genus SIEBOLDIUS De
Selys.
Three species have been described in this genus. All are large
abdomen 55-61 mm., hind wing 47-55 mm. S. alhardse,
De Selys occurs at Pekin; japjjonicus De Selys is known from Borneo
and the Malay Peninsula; and grandis Kriiger has been described
from two females from Sumatra. S. graiidis is based largely on
characters of the occiput and it remains to be seen if the species is
insects,
separable from, jajj'ponicus.
Malay Peninsula should

5.
Four males,
Siam,
U.S.N.M.
One
of grandis
SIEBOLDIUS JAPPONICUS De
Khow
Jan.-Feb.,
Ijaidlaw's record
Sai
is
FiG. 11. Wings of
Selys.
Dow
Mountain, 1,000 feet, Trong, Iôwer

L. Abbott, collector, collection
teneral.
All agree with De vSelys's descrip-
Dr.
1899,
of these
from the
really be ja'pi)onia(s, I believe.
W.
male Sieboldius japponicus from Siam.
Odonates du Japon and with Laidlaw's description of a male

"caught at the foot of Gunong Inas (about 1,000 feet above sea level)
tion in
near a small jungle pool, in January, 1900."
(See
fig. 11.)
286
Genus
HAGENIUS De
VOL. XXXIII.
Selys.
In addition to the American hrevistylus De Selys, Martin has

described a second species, gigas, from Tonkin. Martin's species is
much the larger of the two, having the abdomen 71 mm. and the
Fig. 12. Wings of
male Hagenius brevistylus from North America.
hind wing 54 mm., and the dorsal thoracic stripes are joined with
the mesothoracic half collar and not isolated as in brevistylus.
(See
fig.
12.)
Genus DAVIDIUS De
Selys.
The species of this genus are all small or of moderate size, ranging
from abdomen 29 mm. and hind wing 27 mm. to abdomen 44 mm.
and hind wing 40 mm. There is great indefiniteness throughout the
genus in the development of cross veins in the triangles. In nanus
De Selys, from Japan, the triangles of all 4 wings were crossed in the
first female studied by De Selys; later material had the triangle of
front wing free and triangle of hind wing crossed and the supertriOf hicornutus De Selys,
angle, normally free, accidentally crossed.
from Japan, only one female has been described, and this has the
D.
triangle of front wing free and triangle of hind wing crossed.
davidii De Selys, known from two females from Tliibet, has the triangle of front wing free, of hind wing crossed. D. ater Hagen, from
Japan, has the triangle free in all 4 wings, excepting that it is crossed
in one hind wing of a female.
D. frulistorferi Martin, from Tonkin,
in 6 specimens has the triangle of front wing free, of hind wing crossed;
D. aberin a seventh specimen, female, all the triangles are crossed.
rans De wSelys, known fTom a single female from the north of India, has
the triangle of one front wing free, the other triangles crossed. D.
zallorensis Hagen, Himalaya, known from a single male, has the tri-
DRAOONFLIES OF BURMA AND SIAM WILLIAMSON.
NO. 1571.
287
None of the species

angle of front wing free, of hind mng crossed.
has been taken in Burma or Siam. The two Indian species are very
similar and were regarded by De Selys as probably the sexes of a
They are separated from, frulistorferi by having two
single species.
pale areas on either side of the thorax above, instead of one; by the
presence of a black stripe on second lateral suture, wanting in
frulistorferi; in aherrans and zallorensis there are 10-12 antenodals
in the front wing (7 or 8 in hind wing of aherrans), and 7-10 post-
FlG.
nodals; in
13.
-WlNfiS OF FEMALE DAVIDIUS FRUHSTORFERI FROM ToNKIN.
/m/;-.s'ôr/^ri
in hind wing,
and
there are 14-lG antenodals in front wing, 10
11 or 12 postnodals in front
wing and 10
in hind
Characters for separating the two Indian species are not

evident in the descriptions. In both the abdomen is largely black,
wing.
and
2 largely 3'ellow,
lateral basal
and
segments wanting.
(See
Genus
The nine
and the following segments
The type
apical spot.
fig.
to 8
each vnt\\ a
of aherrans has the last 6
13.)
MACROGOMPHUS
De
Selys.
species belonging to this genus are confined to the Orient.
In addition to the two distinct patterns of thoracic colors, separating

these species into two grouj^s, venational differences exist, but
whether these venational differences are constant for the two groups
I have seen only one species of each of the two
I do not know.
In the case of the species of the quadratus group, in addition

minor differences, the greater complexity and remarkable
curving of the sectors, as compared mth the species belonging to the
farallelogrannma group, may be noticed.
Quadratus group. Dorsum of thorax black, with a large squarish
yellow spot on either side below. In quadratus De Selys, from
groups.
to several
288
VOL. XXXIII.
Borneo, and possibly Sumatra, the yellow dorsal thoracic spots do

not extend laterally beyond the humeral suture, and the auricles of
In thoracicus McLachlan, from the
the male are entirely black.
Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, the thoracic spots extend laterally
Fig. 14. Wings of
male Macrogomphus
quai>i;atus
from Big Tambelan Island, China Sea.
onto the mesepimeron, and the auricles are largely yellowish. In

abnormis De Selys, probably from Borneo, the thoracic spots extend
entirely across the sides of the thorax.
Parallelogramma group.
dorsal stripes.
The
Dorsum
of
thorax black, with yellow
following notes are from
De
Selys' synopsis of
the species in Quatrieme Addition au Synopsis des Gomphines.
Fig. 15. Wings of
In
female species of Macrogomphus from Siam.
annulatus De Selys, from India, Tonkin, and Anam, the outer and
inner branches of the superior appendage of male are about equal
in length, with a short inferior tooth; inferior appendage seen in profile with a double curve; rear of occiput of female with a median
NO. 1571.
DRAQONFLTES OF BURMA AND SIAM WILLIAMSON.
289
In rohustus De Selys, from Thibet, the male had the

appendages destroyed, while the female is not known. In alhardse
De Selys, from Sumatra, the outer branch of the superior appendage
of the male is slightly shorter than the inner branches of inferior
appendage straight; a small tubercle at either end of the occiput in
In parallelogramma Burmeister, from Java and Sumatra,
the female.
.the outer branch of the superior appendage of the male is slightly
shorter than the inner; branches of inferior appendage straight; rear
In montanus De Selys, from
of occiput of female slightly elevated.
branch
of
the
superior
appendage of the male is
the
outer
Assaui,
much shorter than inner branch; branches of inferior appendage
In decemstraight; rear of occiput of female elevated and conical.
lineatus De Selys, from Sumatra and Borneo, the outer branch of
bifid tubercle.
quadratus from Big Tambelan Island, China Sea. A, lateral, and

dorsal views of male abdominal appendages. 9 AND lO, abdominal segments 9 AND 10.
THE short hairs PRESENT ON THE APPENDAGES ARE NOT SHOWN IN THE FIGURES.
Fig. If). Macrogompiius

B,
the superior appendage of the male is much shorter than the inner;
branches of inferior appendage straight; female not known.
The color differences may be tabulated as follows:
1.
Lips and face black
2.
Lips and face black, varied with yeWow .annu hit ics, parallelo<p'amma, decemlineatus
alhardx
Upper lip and face brown, varied with yellowish
inontaims
Li})s and face yellow, varied with black
Sides of thorax black, with 2 isolated oval yellow bands.
robustus
.
robust as, annulatus, albardx
Sides of thorax black, with 3 equal isolated yellow stripes
decemlineatus
Sides of thorax yellow, with approximated stripes on the lateral sutures and a third
stripe at the posterior
parallelogramma
edge
Sides of thorax yellow, with black stripes on the lateral sutures

3.
Legs
Legs
Legs
Legs
montanus
robustus
black
femora pale spotted heweoXh.. .annulatus, montanus, decemlineatus

black, femora shading into reddish
albardx
parallelogramma
black, femora yellow
black,
Proc. N.
first
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
19
290
I
is
vol.
xxxm.
of Macrogomphus:
One of these
by Doctor Abbott on Big Tambelan
August, 1899. The other two are females of a
have seen only three specimens
a male of guadratus collected
Island, China Sea,

form which I am unfortunately unable to refer to an}^ described
species and which I hesitate to name from the single sex, though
the specimens show many characters which might justify this.
(See
figs. 14, 15, 16.)
6.
MACROGOMPHUS SPECIES
(parallelogramma group).
Abdomen without a])pendages 45 nun.; liind wing 37-3.S mm.

Antenodals, front wing 17-18; hind wing 12-14; postnodals, front
wing 12; hind wing 3 0-12. Cubital space in front wing witli 2
Five cross veins between M^..^ and j\T^ in
additional cross veins.
front wang and 3 in hind wing; basal antenodal second series present.
Abdominal segments 7-10 measuring; 7, 5 mm.; 8, 3.5 mm.; 9, 6 to
6.5
mm.;
Rear
of
10,
mm.
head and lower
lip
pale dull yellow, darker above behind
the eyes; face in front obscure bro^vn without markings, shading

continuousl}^ from the frons into paler below, so that the upper lip
at its lower edge passes into the color of the lower lip; frons
above
entirely greenish yellow; vertex black, dull yellow at the base of the
occipital plate; occipital plate
dark brown, produced in the middle
in a two-pointed tubercle.
Thorax black, the yellow dorsal stripes almost parallel, beginning

and widened below to form a meso-
just before the antealar sinus
thoracic half collar, interrupted at the middle.
A long yellow stripe,
gradually widening below, on the mesepimeron; a similar but wider
on the metepimeron; the black area between tlie stripes with

s]:)ot, which may be greatly reduced or may extend
downward half the length of the spot on the metepimeron. Legs
brown, wdthout distinct markings; tibise and apices of femora black.
First 3 abdominal segments obscurely colored, dorsum of 2 and 3
with a median dorsal stripe, wide on the basal half of 3, reduced to a
line on the apical half; 4-7 basally annulate with yellow, scarcely
one- third of each segment on 4-6, fully one-half on 7; 8 black; 9
stripe
a superior yellow
with a small obscure l)asal lateral spot; 10 ]>ale obscure yellow.

Described from two females, Trong, Lower Siam, Dr. W. L. Abbott,
collection U. S. National ^Museum.
The head of one s]:>ecimen is lost.
This species is separated at once from rohustus by the color of the
head.
From annulatus it is separated l^y several characters: Color
of head, legs, and abdomen.
From nlbardse by color of head and
abdomen, and form of occiput. From paralldogramma by color of

head and abdomen and form of occiput. From montanus by color
DRAGONFLIES OP BURMA AND SIAM WILLIAMSON.

of head, thorax,
by
and
legs,
and form of occiput.

and abdomen.
From
291
decemlineatus
coKh' of head, thorax, legs,
Genus
The ten
question,
De
Selys.
to tliis genus, some with considerable

members of the oriental fauna; four have been
Burma. The following notes gathered from the litera-
species referred
are
recorded for
all
ture of the subject

L.
LEPTOGOMPHUS
assimilis
may
Kriiger.
be of value in separating the species:

Tentatively proposed hy Krtiger for Su-
matran specimens very close to lansbergei. The size is somewhat

smaller, the stigma somewhat shorter than the figures given by De
Selys for lansbergei; there are 2 additional postoccipital spines; the
upper lip has 2 large instead of 2 small yellow spots; the prothorax is
more yellow, and the anterior femora are yellow beneath.

Burma and Tonkin. AbdomeU; male 40-42
L. gestroi De Sel3^s.
mm., female 39 mm. hind wing, male 34-35 mm., female 35 mm.;
antenodals, front wing 15-16; postnodals, front v/ing 11; basal antenodal of second series present in 4 wings.
Abdomen without appendages,
Sumatra.
L. gracilis Kriiger.
male 27-28 mm., female 30 mm.; hind wing, male 23-25 mm.,
female 25 mm.; antenodals 12-13; postnodals 10-12; basal antenodal of second series not present; between Mj. ^ and M^ 4 or 5 cross
Kriiger regards nietneri
veins in front wing, 3 or 4 in hind wing.
and gracilis as not congeneric with sempei'i.
Burma and Moolai. Abdomen, female 36

L. inclitus De Selys.
mm.; hind wing, female 32-33 mm.; antenodals, front wing 14-19;
postnodals, front wing 9-11.
Malay Peninsula. Abdomen, 31 mm.;

L. lelantanensis Laidlaw.
hind wing 26 mm.; antenodals, front wing 11, hind wing 10; postnodals, front wing 10, hind wing 10; basal antenodal of second
Laidlaw's description and figure of venation and
series wanting.
his description of male appendages clearly indicate the genus Leptogomplius rather than (lomplms, to which he assigned the species.
His figure represents 3 cross veins between Mj.., and M^ in front
wing and 3 or 4 in hind wing.
L. lansbergei De vSelys.
Java and Sumatra (see L. assimilis above)
Abdomen, female 39 nnn.; hind wing 35 nun.; antenodals, front
wing 17-18; postnodals, fj-ont wing 13 (De Selys). Al)domen without appendages, male 36-37 mm., female 36 mm.; hind wing, male
29 mm., female 33 mm.; antenodals, front wing 14-16; postnodals,
front wing 11-12; basal antenodal of second series present; between
Mj 3 and M^ 4 or 5 cross veins in front wing, 2 or 3 in hind wing
(Kriiger).
292
VOL. XXXIII.
Burma. Abdomen, female 33 mm.

L. f maculivertex De Selys.
hind wing, female 31 mm.; antenodals, front wing 15; postnodals,
front wing 12; basal antenodal second series wanting.
Ceylon, Burma, Tonkin.
L. f nietneri Hagen.
Abdomen, male
35 mm.; hind wing, male 30 mm.; antenodals, front wing 16-17;
postnodals, front wing 11-14; basal antenodal second series wanting; cubital space of front wing with 2 cross veins.
Sumatra. Abdomen without appendages,
L. iMvvus Kriiger.
male 27 mm., female 29.5 mm.; hind wing 21 mm.; antenodals,
front wing 14-15; postnodals, front wing 10-11; basal antenodal
second series wanting; between Mj_3 and M^ 3 cross veins in front
Kriiger's description of venation and legs
wing, 1 in hind wing.
indicates that this is not a congener of semperi.
Philippines, Borneo, Tonkin.
L. semperi De Selys.
Aljdomen,
male 39 mm.; hind wing, female 33 mm.; antenodals, front wing
15-17; hind wing 12; postnodals, front wing 12. (See figs. 17 and 18.)
Fig. 17. Wings of
The
species
may
male Leptogomphus semperi from Borneo.
be grouped, according to the different characters,
as follows:
1.
Dorsal thoracic stripes isolated
(jestroi,
inclitus, lanshcrgci, nietneri
Dorsal thoracic stripes joined below with the mesothoracic half collar.
(jracilis'hiditns, helantanensis, 77}acHlivcrt('.v,
Uncertain
2.
Antehumeral yellow stripe present, complete

Antehumeral stripe interrupted, represented by one
gestroi, inclitns, lansbergei
or
more
spots.
(jraciUs, maculivertex, nietneri,
Uncertain
3.
parvus
semperi
parvus
semperi, helantanensis
Abdominal segments 3-7 with
dorsal stripe only or all black.

gestroi, helantanensis, maculivertex
At
least
segments 3-5 with
lateral spots or rings.

gracilis, incliius, lansbergei, nietneri,
parvus, semperi
NO. 1571.
1.
Abdominal sosênts 8-10 black.

(/cstroi, (jracilis, iiiclilus, k'tlaiitaiicnsis,
SoHK! yellow on at least one of segments 8-10

5.
293
Legs largely black or dark; yellow,
if
any, confined to
iirst
(jestroi. ijracilis,
Legs with
Uncertain
Fig. is.--
much
hnislicn/n, iikickUihtIcx
nictncri, pcirriis, snirprri
yellow
femora.
lansbergci, nietneri,
inclilns, maculivertcx,
parvus
semperi
hhintanoisis
Wings
<if
7.
malk
.species of
TyEPTOGOMPHUs from Tonkin.
LEPTOGOMPHUS INCLITUS
De
Martin's collection.
Selys.
Deseril)ed from two females from the east of Burma and a single
female from Moolai, but not mentioned in Odonates de Birmanie.
Fig.
19.
Wings of male Leptogomphls
jnclitus.
De
Selys' collection.
have not seen specimens. The followinf2; brief description is condensed from De Selys: Lips yellowish, the upper bordered with black
I
294
VOL. XXXIII.
and frons blackish, center of nasus yeland frons above with yellow anteriorly. Thorax black; a
in front; rhinariinn, nasiis,
lowish,
dorsal stripe, confluent l)elow with the mesothoracic half collar to
form a 7,"^ and an antehumeral of the same width, yellow; sides and
below pale yellow, with a blackish stripe on the second suture, confluent above with a black area which occupies the upper ends of the
Legs
2 sutures and extends to the posterior edge of the thorax.
dusky blackish, the lower surface of the first 4 femora and a larger
part of the last femora jêllowish. Abdomen with 1-7 each with a
dorsal yellow longitudinal stripe; 1 and 2 with lateral yellow band;
3-7 each with a similar but reduced and interrupted basal yellow
band. (See figs. 19 and 20.)
Fig. 20. Wings of
8.
female Leptogomphus
LEPTOGOMPHUS GESTROI
"Leito, a la fin do mai (Fea)."

before me.
Selys:
Head
inclitus.
The following
I)e Selys' collection.
De
Selys.
Not represented
brief description is
in the collections
condensed from De
pale yellow, black as follows: Occipital plate, vertex
on either side, sutures of the face, rhinarium, and anterior border of

upper lip whicli is obscurely and incompletely traversed. Thorax
black above; a short mesothoracic half collar, isolated dorsal stripe,
and an antehumeral stripe, yellow; sides and pectus 3'ellow, first
lateral suture with a black stripe, second with an irregular spot.
Feet black, three-fourths of all femora and inner side of first femora
livid.
Abdomen l)lack, yellow as follows: A basal spot and sides of
1, a trilobed dorsal spot and auricles of 2, a dorsal stripe, not reaching
base or apex of each segment, on 3-7.
a
Not confluent
in female
from Moolai.
DRAGONFLIES OF BURMA AMD SIAM WILLIAMSON.
NO. 1571.
g.
"Meteleo,
LEPTOGOMPHUS? MACULIVERTEX
iin
exemplairc
Not seen by me
(female),
iiiii([iie
le
De
295
Selys.
10 septembre, 1888
The following brief description is condensed

from De Selys Head black, yellow as follows A transverse band above
on frons, a rounded spot on each side of nasus, a band on upper lip,
cheeks, a round point at center of vesicle, and the occipital ]:)late.
Thorax black, yellow as follows: A mesothoracic half collar, narrowly interrupted in the median line, joined at either side with the
dorsal stripes to form a 7; a narrow antehumeral stripe terminating
(Fea)
'
'
rounded isolated spot; a trace of pale on the mid-dorsal

and below clear yellow, a black line on the upper half
Legs
of the first suture and a complete line on the second suture.
Abdomen black,
black, femora yellow, with an external black stripe.
above
in a
carina; sides
marked with yellow; 3-7 with
dorsal yellow spots not reaching the
extremities of the segments, on 7 occupying only the basal two-thirds

of the
segment; 8-10 black.

lo.
LEPTOGOMPHUS NIETNERI
?
Hagen.
Not seen by
"Leito, un male, uni([ue pris le 27 octobre (Fea)."
me. The following l)rief description is condensed from Hagen and
De Selvs: Lower lip j)ale yellowish, middle lobe apically brownish; upper lip black, with 2 large yellow basal spots; rhinarium
and nasus black; frons black, \vith a transverse yellow band in front
above. Thorax black above, yellow as follows: An interrupted
mesothoracic half collar, isolated oblique dorsal stripes, and a superior
antehumeral spot; sides yellow, with a black stripe on each lateral
suture.
Legs black, femora with brown markings. Abdomen black
marked with yellow; 1-7 (1-6 De Selys) with a dorsal stripe, narrowed on 3-7; on 6 and 7 a larger dorsal basal spot (not mentioned
by De Selys); yellow markings on the sides of 1-3; 4-8 each with a
short linear lateral basal spot (not mentioned by De Selys) a lateral
A comapical yellow spot on 8 and 9 (not mentioned by De Selys).
l^^rison of Hagen' s description based on a male from Ceylon with
De Selys's description based on a male from Burma creates some
doubt as to whether the 2 specimens really represent the same species.
;
Genus
MICROGOMPHUS
De
Selys.
known. It has been taken in

M. chelifer,T>e Selys is a small
The face is black,
species, abdomen 25 mm., hind wing 18.5-22 mm.
marked with yellow. Thorax above black, with a pale dorsal stripe
on either side joined with the interrupted mesothoracic half collar;
Only one species
of this
genus
the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
is
296
sides yellow, with a single black stripe.
row
indistinct basal rings
(See
figs.
21
and
Abdomen
and narrow mid-dorsal
VOL. XXXIII.
black, with nar-
stripes as far as 7.
22.)
Fig. 21. Wings of
male Miceogomphus chelifer.
De
Genus
CYCLOGOMPHUS
De
Selys' collection.
Selys.
all described by De Selys, are known from India.

minus cuius, the smallest species, may be known at once by its size,
abdomen 22 mm., hind wing 21 mm.; only the female is known. C.
Six species,
C.
Fig. 22. Wings of female.
Microgomphus chelifek.
De
Selys' collection.
which only the female is laiown, has the abdomen 27

mm., hind wing 25 mm. it is separated from all the other species by
verticalis, of
No.
1571.
DRAGONFLIES OF BURMA AND 8IAM WILLIAMSON.
297
having a yellow spot on the vertex between the eyes. In torquatus antl
hetfTostylus the black on the sides of the thorax forms a distinct Y.
C.
loeterostylus, of which the male has been described, has the stigma yellow,
with a central brown spot; torquatus is known only from the female.
Fig. 23. Wings of
female
CYCL;)GGMi'Hr.s iietekostylus.
De
Selys' collection.
In vesiculos'us and ypsilon the black on the sides of the thorax does
f\ iH'sicidosus has the abdomen 25 mm., hind
not form a distinct Y.
wing 23 mm., the female is not known; ypsilon has the alxlomen 32
mm., hind wing 29 mm. Only in the case of ypsilon are botli sexes
known;
De
Fig. 24. Wings
of ANisoGOMPiirs occipitalis.
lifterostylus
and vfsiculosus are known only from males, and
Selys' collection.
the single male of vesiculosus has the last 5 abdominal segments
wanting; minuscvlus verticalis, and torquatus are known from

females only. The abdominal appendages of the males in the two
,
298
species
known
arc remarkal>l(>
by the small
size of the superiois
the large widely divaricate inferior, which
twice as
lonjj;
as the superiors.
Genus
(See
lig-.
vol. xxxin.
and
one and one-l;alf to
is
2.S.)
ANISOGOMPHUS
De
Selys.
Five or six species hav(> been referred at difl'erent times to this

The type of the genus and anothcM* sjêcies are oriental, the
two occiUTing in India. A. occij)ifalis ])e ScMys and hiviffafus De
Selys aiv al)oiit (f the sanic size; ocripifdlis has the abdonuMi, male
genus.
Fig. 25. WING.S
OF FEMALE AXISOGOMPUUS OCCIPITALIS.
DE
SELYS' COLLECTION.
33-35 mm., female 35-37 mm.; hind wing, male 29-31 mm., female
32-35 mm.; hivittatus has the abdomen, female 38 mm.; hind wdng,
male 29 mm., female 36 mm. (De Selys was not certain that the male
on which the description of that sex of hivatfatus was based, really
was hivittatus, and he tentatively proposed the name Infrenatus for
Syn. Gomph. and Mon. Gomph.). In occipitaHs the
this specimen.
nasus is black, with median and lateral yellow spots; in hivittatus
(See figs. 24 and 25.)
it is largely yellow.
Genus
ANORMOGOMPHUS
De
Selys.
The single species referred to this genus is kiioA\m only from India.
A. lietcroptcrus De Selys is a small species, abdomen 25 mm., hind
wing 22 mm., with largely 3-pllow coloration. (See fig. 26.)
Genus B URMAGOM PHUS, new genus.
Type of tlie genus. Goinplius vermiculafus ^Martin."

For details of venation see key to genera on pages 272-275. In the
front mng 2 cross veins between M^-g and M^ and in the hind W'ing 1,
aI
have studied specimens from Bm'ma only. These have been identified as
vermiculatus and from tlieiu the characters of the genus have been drawn.
Gomphus
NO. 1571.
DRA GONFLIES OF B URMA AND
SIAM WILLIA MSON.
299
the position of these cross veins definite and .subject to but

varinfion, the hrst near tlie distal end of the sup('rtrian<j;!e;
.']
Fig.
20.
-Wings or
m.vle
ANouMoGtjMPnus hetf.ropterus.
of postanal cells, the first 2
umhvided,
third wider and once divided;
\.,
of the lower side of the trian<rle;
Fig. 27. Wings of
De
.slight
rows
Selys' collection.
and .sliape, the

near the middle
area included between Cu., and A,
siiuilar in size
in liind wing;
arisinij:;
male Burmagomphus vermiculatus from Burma.
hind wing of moderate length, at the margin not twice as long as

At first glance the venation of the hind wing suggests Gomphus
with the anal area reduced. Li Lanthus, an American genus very
in
wide.
300
closely related to
Oomphus, we
liave 2
species
sinall
vol. xxxiii.
a])Oiit
ecfiial
but in LanIn Goniphinai

thus no such reduction of the anal area takes })lace.
generally, however, small size is associated with reduced anal area
in size to BurTruujomphus ve/nnieulatus described l)elow,
,
(there are notable exceptions), so the
value of
this
character
for
open to question. In the minute Microgomphus

reduction of anal area reaches its maximum in the subfamily and
In the venation of the front
there are only 2 rows of postanal cells.
wing Burmagomplius is at once separated from Gomphus by the parallelism of M^ and Cuj, a character it shares in common with several
other genera, notahlj OnycJiogomgeneric distinctions
is
By its
pJius.
well-braced stigma,
strongly and symmetrically forked
and defibetween
Mi_3 and M^, distinctly and strongly
shaped postanal cells in the hind
wing, paralleling of M^ and Cu, in
Mi_2 and Mg, reduced
nitely placed cross veins
front wing, undivided

supertri angles
and absence
Fig. 28. HuRMAGOMrms
vermiculatus from
Burma. A, lateral, and b, dorsal views
OF male abdominal appendages. C, profile
OF ACCESSORY GENITALIA OF ABDOMINAL SEGMENT 2. 9 AND lO. ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS.
triangles,
subtriangles,
of basal ante nodals
of the second series, Burmagomphus

allies
itself
with the venationally
highly specialized genera of

phinse.
The
and
relatively greatly developed
(See
"fig.
Gom-
27.)
and widely divaricate
inferior
abdominal appendage of the male suggests to a certain extent
some
species of Gomphus and the following genera: Notogomplius, AnisoOf these genera I know
gompJius, Neogomnplius, and Cyclogomphus.
the venation of all but Notogomphus, in which there is not the great
difference in the length of
abdominal segments
and
10, as in
Burma-
gomplms, and the superior appendages are about twice as long as the
and not about equal as in Burmagomplius. Moreover, the

color patterns of both thorax and abdomen are very different in the
two genera. In the thoracic pattern Burmagomplius is unique among
Gomphinre, so far as known to me, in having the dorsal stripes united
below on either side with the antehumeral stripes, the upper end of
the reduced antehumerals represented by a rounded spot.
Abdominal segments 8 and 9 about equal, about two and two-
inferior,
thirds times as long as 10.
Legs short, hind femora slender, 5 mm., reaching to base of second

abdominal segment, armed with short spines.
NO. 1571.
301
male from Burma was sent to M. Martin, who writes as follows:

a species very near to vermiculatus but slenderer, the stripes
of the thorax different, the inferior appendage slenderer and more
divaricate."
Specimens from Anam and Tonkin are slightly larger,
abdomen 30-32 mm., and the antenodals and postnodals are more
numerous; as described the nasus is not spotted and the pale dorsal
stripe on the frons is divided; the black stripe on the first lateral
suture is forked above, not reduced as in the specimens from Burma;
and the color pattern of the abdomen is slightly different, with 9
''It is
bearing a small posterior spine,
wliicli
is
not represented in
my
material.
II.
BURMAGOMPHUS VERMICULATUS
Abdomen, male 28 mm.
Martin.
hind wing, male 23 mm. Antenodals,

wing 10, hind wing 8; postnodals, front wing 8-9, hind wing
8-10.
Second thickened antenodal normally the fourth; oblique
vein the second or third beyond the subnodus; stigma covering 3-4
cells, followed in the front wing by about the same number; triangle
in front wing followed by 2 rows of cells, in hind wing by 3 rows,
;
fi'ont
then 2 increasing; anal triangle 3-celled.
Head
mm.
wide, distance between eyes above at closest point
nun.; black throughout exce])t as follows:
Lower
white or pale
plumbeous, paler at the margins; a large transverse rectangular green
spot on either side of the upper lip at its base; the base of the mandibles green; a short, narrow, transverse, median, inferior streak, and
a large rounded spot on either side of the nasus; frons low, yellowish
green above in front, black at the base, the black extending anteriorly
at the middle in a broad low triangle, but not dividing the pale area,
and widening on either side, giving the pale area a rounded posterior
border on either side of the median line; eyes in dried specimens
chestnut brown, probably in life blue, shading below into pale.
Prothorax black, the dorsal anterior border narrowly yellow; a
greenish-yellow triangular spot on either side of the posterior border,
and a smaller spot below this on the inferior margin; these spots
represented below by a short pale streak at the bases of the first
legs.
Thorax black, marked with greenish yellow as follows: A
mesothoracic half collar, interrupted l)y the merest line, wide on
either side of the median line and tapering to an acute apex at either
extremity; widely divergent dorsal stripes, the lower portion of
which really consists of a portion of the antehumeral stripes (see
diagram of thoracic pattern, fig. 29), continued below as a pale
stripe extending on to the bases of the middle legs; a dorsal antehumeral spot; a wide stripe on the mesepimeron, joined above for
about one-third its length with a wider stripe on the metepisternum,
the later stripe Extending below on to the metinfrEepisternum and
with its upper posterior corner more or less isolated by a narrow black
lip
302
PROCEEDINQS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Fig. 29. Diagrams
vol.
xxxm.
representing the thoracic color pattern of some oriental Gomphin.e.
ictinls clavatus, tonkin. 2. ictinus pf.ktinax, tonkin. 3. ictini.s melênops, sla.m. 1. gojiphidia krugrei.
Tonkin. 5. Gomphidia abbotti, Siam. 0. Davidius fruiistouferi, Tonkin. 7. Sieboldius japponicus, Sia.ii. 8.
Macrogomphus qcadratus. Big Tambelan Island, China Sea. 9. Macrogomphus species, Siam. 10. BlrslagomPHUS VERJIICULATUS, BlRMA. 11. GOMPllUS X-VNTHENATL'S. BLRMA. 12. ONYCHOGOMPHUS ANNULARIS, BURMA. 13.
Onyciiogompiius saundersii, Burma. 11. Onyciiogomphus species, burblv.
A. Mesothouacic half collar. B. Dorsal thoracic stripe. C. Antehumekal stkjpe (in literature sometimes
humeral stripe or juxtaiiumeral stripe). Band Contiiemeseplsterxum. D. Pale stripe on the mesepimeron.
E. Pale stripe ON THE metepisternum. F. Pale .\rea or stripe on the metepimeron. G. Mesinfr.episternum.
H. MeTASTERXUM. J. MIDDORSAL CARLN'A. L. HUMERAL SUTl'RE. M. FIRST LATERAL SUTURE. iV. SECOND LATERAL
suture. Dotted portion of No. 10 represents the pale area connecting the dorsal and antehumeral stripes.
1.
DRAGONFLIES OF BURMA AND SIAM- WILLIAMSON.
NO. 1571.
803
metepimeron largely pale, narrowly edged in front with black,

and a small black spot on its posterior border; pectus shaded with
brown and black. Legs slender, black, the first femora and coxse
with an inner gray stripe; wings hyaline; stigma brown.
Abdomen slender, largest basally, slightly dilated apically segments
measuring in length a})out as follows 1,1 mm. 2, 2 mm. 3, 4 + mm.
stripe;
4,4
+ mm
10,
0.75
5, 4.5
mm.
6,
mm.
mm.; appendages,
greenish yellow as follows:
0.75
3 + mm. S, 2 + mm. 9,2+ mm.

mm. Color black, marked with
7,
dorsal spot and a large inferior lateral
spot, not reaching the anterior border,
on
a narrow dorsal longi-
tudinal trilobecl spot, a lateral spot covering the auricles, and a large
subapical lateral spot, the 2 lateral spots joined along tlie inferior
border, on 2 a narrow longitudinal dorsal stripe on 3, widening basally
;
and not reaching the apex; a similar stripe on 4 and 5, the dorsal
stripe shortened apically and widened basally into an almost complete
ring; on 6 the basal ring is practical!}^ complete, about one-eighth the
length of the segment, and with the dorsal stripe reduced to a small
acute triangle; on 7 the basal ring is complete (that is, extending to
the inferior margins of the segment) covering about one-sixth of the
segment, and without a trace of the dorsal stripe; 8 with the merest
trace of a basal ring; 9 with a little less than the apical dorsal half or
third clear yellow, the pale area a low, rounded triangle in shape, with
its apex dorsal and anterior, its base formed by the posterior edge
of the segment and not reaching the inferior margin this spot is the
striking feature iii the coloration of the abdomen, suggesting Gomjihus
melxnops and its allies, all larger species. Appendages black. Considerable variation in the development of the longitudinal middorsal
abdominal stripe must be expected. (See fig. 28.)
Described from three males collected by Mr. R. A. Earnshaw.'*
,
Genus
PLATYGOMPHUS
Thi-ee species, one of
genus by
De
De
Selys in
Selys.
them
cjuestionably,
P. dolabratus
Burma; and P.f
De
Selys.
have been placed
in this
De
Selys occurs in India; P. fex

occultus in China.
In dolahratus the
on segments 3-7 are confluent with the dorsal

lanceolate spot on each, segment; in occultus the dorsal spots are
narrower and are isolated; and in fex the dorsal spots on 5-7 are
basal yellow rings
wanting.
(See
figs.
12.
"Bhamo
male
is
en
30 and 31.)
PLATYGOMPHUS FEÊ
juillet et
Imown.
aoiit (Fea)."
The followmg
De
Selys.
Not seen by me.
brief description
is
Only the
condensed
fi-oin
These specimens were originally described in this paper as representing a new

In the opinion of Prof. F. Foerster, with whom I have corresponded on the
matter, and to whom I have sent a specimen from Burma, the species from Burma
and Tonkin are identical. Moreover, M. Rene Martin seemed undecided as to the
distinctness of the two, so my specimens are here referred to vermiculatus.
o
species.
304
De
VOL. XXXIII.
Abdomen 35-37 mm.; hind wing 30-31 mm.; antenodals,

wing 12-13 mm.; hind wing 9-10 mm.; postnodals, front and
Selys:
front
hind wings 6-10 mm. Sutures of the face without black, vertex
without a central jêllow spot. Thorax above black, with small oval
or triangular isolated dorsal stripes and an antehumeral stripe yellow
Fig. 30.
Wings of male Platygomphus
dolabr.vtus.
De
Selys' collection.
on the second suture, this stripe forked

above a branch going to the base of each wing. Abdommal segments
3-6 with a basal yellow ring, prolonged on the sides; a small dorsal
median spot on 3 and 4; basal half of 7 yellow; 8 and 9 dilated, the
sides largely yellow; 10 light brown.
sides yellow, with a stripe
Fig. 31. Wings of
female Platygomphus
Genus
As
dolabr.*.tus.
GOMPHUS
De
Selys' collection.
Leach.
two oriental species are certainly

For a discussion of G. vermiculatus Martin
see Burmagomplius; for G. kelantanensis Laidlaw see Leptogomat present understood but
referable to this genus.
NO. 1571.
'phus;

and
Gomphus
for G.
305
(Aeshna) thmnassoni Kirby see Onychogomphus.
f lyromelas
De
from India, and G am phus
Selys,
cus Hagen, from Ceylon, are
known each from
? ceyloni-
a single female, in
the case of promelas the tyjie lacking the last 7 abdommal segments. In the case of each the stigma is without brace vem the
yellow dorsal thoracic stripes are isolated, not jomed below with the
mesothoracic half collar. Each has the abdomen about 41 mm.,
The stigma is blackish in promelas, yellow
liind wing 38-39 mm.
in ceylonicus; the mesothoracic half collar is scarcely interrupted
promelas, widely interrupted in ceylonicus: and the dorsal stripes
are more widely separated from the half collar in ceylonicus than in
The two species above referred to which certainly belong
proTYielas.
in the genus Gomphus are personatus De Selys, laiown from Assam,
Bengal, and Tonkin, and a new species described below from Burma.
;
Fig. 32. Wings of
13.
male Gomphus xanthenatus from Burma.
GOMPHUS XANTHENATUS,
new
species.
Abdomen, male 45 mm.; hind wing, male 39 mm.
Antenodals,
front wing 16, hind wing 10-12; postnodals, front and hind wings
11-12.
Basal antenodal of second series present in the 4 wings of
two specimens, present in front wings and wantmg in liind wings of

one specimen, and wanting in 4 wings of one specimen.
(In a male
of melsenops it is present in the front wings, wanting in the hind
wings; in a female of the same species it is present in one fi'ont wing,
wanting in the other 3 wings.) (See fig. 32.)
o
The
specific
name
refers to the
conspicuous yellow area on the ninth abdominal
segment.
Pruc. N. ]M. vol. xxxiii 07
20
306
Head
vol. xxxiii.
black, yellow as follows: Lateral lobes of the lower lip; base
on either side of the upper lip; a spot at

end of the nasiis; sometimes a trace at middle of rhinarimn
and middle of lower edge of nasus; the upper half of the frons in
front and all the frons above, excepting the extreme base; the
of mandibles; a basal spot
either
occipital plate at the middle, or entirely black.
Prothorax black, yellow as follows: The anterior border, a geminate

median spot on the middle lobe, a small spot just behind it, and a
Thorax above black, largely yellow
large spot on either side.
between the wings; middorsal carina with its extreme edge yellow
for a short distance; straight, slightly divergent, yellow dorsal stripes
width throughout, almost reaching the antealar

slightly narrower, broadly
interrupted, mesothoracic half collar; just behind the upper end of
the dorsal stripe is a round spot representing the antehumeral stripe;
in one specimen this spot is prolonged downward about two-thirds
the length of the mesepisternum by the faintest, frequently interrupted line; in another case the spot is reduced to the merest pin point;
mesepimeron with a broad jêllow stripe, represented on the mesinfrgepisternum by an isolated spot; metepisternum with a narrow
irregular yellow stripe which is infringed on by the black stripes on
the 2 lateral sutures and which ma}^ be thereby completely obliterated
excepting, for a large inferior spot; metepimeron largely yellow, with
the black of the second lateral suture on its upper edge, and a slight
Pectus dark, almost or quite black.
trace of black on its lower edge.
Legs black, venation black, or dark brown; stigma reddish brown,
surrounded by black veins; membranule almost wanting; anal
triangle in male 3-celled.
Abdomen slender, 7-9 moderately dilated for the genus; black,
yellow as follows: A dorsal longitudinal stripe on 1 and 2, trilobed on
2, in one specimen continued as the merest line to the apex of 3; sides
of 1 and 2 below largely jêllow, auricles yellow, genitalia black; 3-7
each with a basal yellow ring, not quite reaching the lower edge of
each segment, narrowly interrupted in the middorsal line on 7, widest
on 3, where it occupies about one-fourth of the segment, on 4-6
occupying scarcely one-fifth, and on 7 about one-fifth of each segment; 8 has a transverse basal linear spot on either side (wanting in
of nearly uniform
smus above and connected below with the
one sjiecimen), representing the basal ring of the preceding segments,

and a small lateral apical spot, variable in size in one specimen 8 has
;
an
inferior subbasal lateral spot equal in size to the
more
sujêribr
above with the apical half or three-fourths yellow,

the yellow area widening rapidly posteriorly, but not quite reaching
the extreme lower edge of the segment; in shape this yellow area is
that of a truncated triangle; 10 and appendages black; in one specimen 10 has a small round apical spot on either side of the dorsum
lateral apical si:)ot
NO. 1571.
at the base of the superior appendages.

(See
Abdomen
307
black beneath.
fig. 33.)
Described from four males fi'om
Burma
sent
me by
Mr. R. A.
One of these was sent to M. Rene Martin and Professor

Foerster, who regard it as an undescribed species.
Paratype. Cat. No. 10451, U.S.N.M. One specimen. The type
Earnshaw.
is
in the author's collection.
The small series shows an extent of variation in color remarkable in

a species of Gomphus. This is most evident on tiie sides of the
xanthenatus from Burma. A, lateral, ani> B,- dorsal views of male

ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES, IN THIS SPECIMEN UNNATURALLY COMPRESSED BY THE ENVELOPE IN
WHICH SPECIMEN WAS PRESERVED; IN C, VENTRAL VIEW OF INFERIOR APPENDAGE, ANOTHER
SPECIMEN IS FIGURED. AND THE INFERIOR APPENDAGE IS NOT DISTORTED! IN THIS SPECIMEN THE
APICES OF THE SUPERIOR APPENDAGES ARE SEPARATED BY l'^ THE DISTANCE REPRESENTED IN B,
AND THE INFERIOR APPENDAGE IS EQUALLY DIVARICATE; D, PROFILE OF ACCESSORY GENITALIA OF
ABDOMINAL SEGMENT 2. E, LATERAL VIEW OF SUPERIOR ABDOMINAL APPENDAGE OF A SPECIMEN
DIFFERING FROM A IN HAVING THE LOWER SUBAPICAL EDGE ROUNDED, NOT ANGULATE, AND MINUTELY
TOOTHED. 9 AND 10, ABDOMINAL SEGMENTS.
Fig. 3:i. Gomphus
thorax and on abdominal segments 8-10. Throughout the description the pale markings have l)een described as yellow.
It is probable
that in life these are not of the same color throughout, tending to
greenish on the thorax and to orange on the abdomen, excepting that
the pale area of 9 is probably clear yellow, paler than the markings of
the segments anterior to it.
Venationally, if the frequent presence
of the basal antenodal of the second series is disregarded, this species
and the Japanese melsenops De Selys are similar to North American
808
vol. xxxiii.
Needham's subgenus Stylurus and to related species of

which fraternus and vastus may serve as examples. G. xanthenatus
is separated at once from melsenops by the spotted upper lip, by the
narrower dorsal thoracic stripes, not widening below, by the absence
of a distinct pale antehumeral stripe, by the wider black stripes on
the lateral thoracic sutures, by the annulation of segments 3-7, and
G. personatus De Selys is known to
the greater extent of yellow on 9.
me only from the description. It is separated from xanthenatus by
the presence of a pale antehumeral stripe, sometimes interrupted, by
having the stripes on the lateral thoracic sutures very narrow, the
first interrupted, by the pectus largel}?- yellow, and by the abdomen
with a longitudinal middorsal stripe and not annulated. Gornphus
pryeri De Selys, from Japan, and GompJius scissusMcLachlan, from
western China, are two related species known only from female
specimens. Both are distinct from xanthenatus by a number of
species of
characters.
Pig.
34.^WlNGS OF FEMALE ONYCHOGOMPHUS ANNILARIS FROM BURMA.
Genus
ONYCHOGOMPHUS
Of the about forty described species
De
Selys.
in this genus, seventeen are
These arranged alphabetically are:
oriental.
0. annularis
De
Selys.
Known from two

34-37 mm.;
Abdomen
North Burma.
abdominal appendages not known.
(See
incomplete males from

hind wing 29-32 mm.;
fig.
34.)
Described from a single male from India;

0. hiforceps De Selys.
Abdomen 41 mm.; hind wing
Martin.
by
recorded from Tonkin
measurements are correct the abdomen is relatively long)

male superior abdominal appendages longer than 9 + 10, turned
abruptly downward near apex inferior appendage equally long, near
apex curved abruptly upward, the two branches separated for a
distance near the base to inclose an oval space.
32
mm.
(if
DnAGONFLlES OF BURMA AND BIAM WILLIAMSON.
NO. 1571,
309
(The male described

Described from India.
Synopsis
des Gomphines
to
the
Addition
by De Selys in his wSecond
in the
described
second
female
the
histrigatus,
and
is not certainly
Hagen.
0. histrigatus
Mon. des Gomphines
as histrigatus
m-flavum."')
is
Recorded from
hind wing- 33-34 mm. male

Anam
superior abdominal appendages twice as long as 10, turned downward at apex; inferior appendage slightly shorter, in profile with
2 teeth, one at the first third, the other at the second third; female
vulvar lamina half as long as 9, divided at apex into two points.
Abdomen 50 mm.;
Tonkin and Anam.
0. camelus Martin.
male abdominal appendages similar to hiforceps, but larger, the
branches of the inferior not separated at base; female described
as similar to hiforceps, but vulvar- lamina and occipital ])late not
l)y
Abdomen
Martin.
30 nnn.
mentioned.
India and Nepal. Abdomen 40-43 mm.;
0. cerastis De Selys.
hind wing 34-37 mm.; male appendages not known; female vulvar
lamina small, short, one-fourth the length of 9, notched for one-half its
length; female occipital plate with two median spines.
North Burma. Abdomen 41 mm.; hind
0. circularis De Selys.
32 mm.
male sui>erior abdominal
female 38 mm.
appendages equal in length to 9 + 10, curved toward each other and
slightly downward, the apex beneath emarginate; inferior appendage
destroyed; female \T,ilvar lamina di\'ided into two conical contiguous
wing, male
tubercles.
De
Described from a teneral female from India.

hind wing 25 mm. vulvar lamina half as long as
9, lanceolate, the apex divided.
Abdomen 36-37 mm.; hind
0. geometricus De Haan.
Java.
wing 29-31 mm.; male superior abdominal appendages twice as longas 10, curved toward each other and apically downward; inferior
appendage little shorter, curved strongly upward, and bearing a tooth
near the base; female vulvar lamina very short, its apex broadly
emarginate.
0. grammicus Rambur.
India.
Abdomen 37-39 mm.; hind
wing 30 mm.; male superior appendages as long as 9 + 10, in profile
strongly curved, the apex flattened into a horizontal, almost bifid
0. frontalis
Abdomen
plate;
29
Selys.
mm.
appendage a little shorter, enlarged and flattened

then curving abruptly upward in 2 slender contiguous
inferior
basally,
branches.
Known only from the female from Java.

hind wing 32 mm. vulvar lamina short and
wide, the apex truncated and emarginate.
India and Nepal. Abdomen 33-35 mm.;
0. lineatus De Selys.
hind wing 27 mm. male superior appendages almost as long as 9 + 10,
0. inscriptus
Abdomen
36
Hagen.
mm.
aCauseries Odon, VII, 1894, p. 170.
310
VOL. XXXIIl.
almost parallel, apically turned rather abruptly downward
inferior
appendage not (piite half as long, the branches inclosing an oval space,
female vulvar lamina short and
in profile forming a semicircle
by
narrow incision; occipital plate in
divided
to
its
middle
a
rounded,
both sexes bearing a number of small spines.
Described from a single female from
0. madacMani De Selys.
North Burma. Abdomen 43 mm. hind wing 38 mm. vulvar lamina
;
destro3êd
Abdomen 38-39 mm.; hind wing

India.
0. 7n-Jlatnnn De Selys.
33-36 mm.; male superior appendages longer than 10, curved toward
each other and downward inferior appendage of equal length, almost
entirely divided into 2 contiguous branches, seen in profile curved
upward, bearing near the middle on the upper surface a lateral tooth;
female yulvar lamina very long, broad at the base, divided into 2 con;
FiG. .35. Wings of
male Onychogomphus saundersii from Burma.
tiguous lanceolate branches of which the acute apices reach the tenth
segment.
0. rnodestus De Sel}'S.
India.
Abdomen 27-28 mm. hind wing
23-29 mm.; male superior appendages as long as 9 + 10, slightly
curved toward each other and downward; inferior appendages as
long, deeply divided into 2 contiguous branches.
0. nigrescens Laidlaw.
Described as a variety of geoTnetricus, from
Doctor Laidlaw agrees
a single female from the Malay Peninsula.
with my suggestion to him that this is really saundersii. The venational character pointed out by Doctor Laidlaw is not peculiar to
the species, but is common to a large group of genera.
0. reinwardtii De Selys.
Java. Abdomen 33 mm.; hind wing
26-29 mm.; male appendages not known; female vulvar lamina onethird as long as 9, triangular, the apex bifid; occipital plate in both
sexes with 10-12 small black spines.
;
DRAG0NFLIE8 OF BURMA AND SIAM WILLIAMSON.
NO. 1571.
0. saunder^sii
mm.: hind
De
Selys.
India and Indo-China.
mm.; male
wino; 31-32
311
Abdomen 37-39
superior appendages
almost as
each other and downward; inferior
appendage about as long, in profile the basal two-thirds nearly straight,
the apical third turned upward, the branches slender and contiguous; female vulvar lamina short, apex deeply euiarginate.
(See figs.
35 and 36.)
Hainan and Tonkin. Alar expanse 74 mm.
0. thomassoni Kirby.
(hind wing 35 mm.)
male superior ^
appendages longer than 10, strongly
curved toward each other; inferior appendage less than half as long as the
long as 9
+ 10, curved toward
superiors, the ])ranches divaricate
and
recurved at the end. On the basis of

specimens of both sexes Martin takes
this species from GompJius and places it
,..',
Onychoqomphus:
in
description
his
,
of
ai.-ONYCHOGOMPHus saundersh
FROM Burma, a, lateral view of
male abdominal appendages, the
short hairs on the appendages are
F'^-
the interior appendage does not suggest
Onychogom'phus, however, and Kirby's

in the pattern of the thorax,
strongly suggests Gomphus pryeri. The details of venation in Kirby's
figure are probably not accurate, l)iit the anal triangle suggests
figure,
n yell ago
m pit u s
The above notes have been compiled from the literature relating
to these species.
On the same basis the following provisional key
has been prepared
n.
Dorsal thoracic stripes on either side of the niiddorsal carina isolated, not joined
below
b.
Avith the
mesothoracic halt
collar.
Above described stripes short, oval.

c. Abdominal segment 9 l)lack; abdomen about
re. Segment 9 with some yellow; size larger
29
mm
frontalis
Vmeatus (India and Nepal) and

hh.
rr'niirardtii (Java).
Stripes longer, not oval.
Abdominal segments 3-G black, with a short basal

abdomen and hind wing less than 30 mm
cc Segments 3-6 with more yellow: size larger.
d. Segments 3-6 basally about one-third yellow.
r.
dorsal half ring of yellow;
modesius
Face without black markings; sides of thorax dark, with 2 oblique yellow
bands
insniplus
ee. Face with black markings; sides of thorax yellow, sutures with black
e.
stripes
cerasfis
Segments 3-6 largely yellowish

gramminis
aa. Dorsal thoracic stripes joined below with the mesothoracic half collar.
b. Abdominal segment 6 one-half or more yellow.
c. Segments 8-10 yellow, dorsally black;
femora largely yellow
bisirigatus
cc. Segments 8-10 black; femora largely black
geometrinis
dd.
312
hh.
c.
Segment 6 more than one-half black.

Black stripes on the 2 lateral thoracic
Size very large,
d.
abdomen abont
50
vou xxxnr.
sutvu'es confluent.
mm
cainchi.s
dd. Size smaller.
Abdominal s(gments
e.
and
9 ])l:ick; dorsal thoracic stripes very wide.
thnmassoni
Segments 8 or 9 or botli with lateral basal yellow spots.

/. Segments 3-7 with basal one-fifth yellow
viaclachlani
Jf. Segments 3-6 with basal one-fourth, 7 with basal one-half yellow.
ee.
smindersii
cc.
Black stripes on the 2 lateral thoracic sutures not confluent
for their entire
lengths.
Face largely yellow, nasus yellow marked with black

dd. Face largely black, nasus black or black marked with yellow.
e. Abdominal segments 8-10 all black
ee. Segments 8-10 black, 8 with lateral- l)asal yellow spots
ee.e. Segments 8-10 with
yellow laterally
d.
cirndaris
annularis
biforceps
m-Jlavum.
of tlie genus are certainly known to occur in Burma:

probably is an Onychogomphus.
Four species
a
fifth species
ONYCHOGOMPHUS SAUNDERSH De
"Bhamo. Un couple en juillet et aout (Fea)."
14.
male from Earnshaw.

Sumatra.
Head
almost
This
is
the
Selys.
have a
single
onh Onychogomphus known from
upper lip with a basal spot on each side,

rhinarium, a lateral spot on the nasus, and a band above
largely black;
all
on the frons anteriorly yellow; female with black more restricted,

little in front and upper lip
yellow with a black border. Pale antehumeral stripe reduced to a
line below and a spot above.
Sides of thorax largely black, a yellow stripe on the mesepimeron and a wider one on the metepimeron.
Legs black, first femora with inner surface pale.
the yellow on the frons descending a
ONYCHOGOMPHUS CIRCULARIS
Nord de la Birmanie. Un couple
15.
^'Patrie:
Lachlan)."
De
Selys.
uni([ue.
(Coll.
Mc-
Recorded from Tonlvin by Martin.
Face 3"ellow, black as follows: Upper lip bordered and traversed,

rhinarium margined, nasus at the center, and the suture between
nastis and frons.
Antehumeral stripe reduced to a trace. Sides of
thorax yellow, with black stripes on the two lateral sutures. Femora
yellow, with brown and black markings.
Abdomen black, varied
with yellow; 3-7 with 3'ellow basal rings, larger on .3 and 7; 3-5
with dorsal lanceolate spots; 8 with dorsal and lateral spots; 9 and
10 black.
16.
De
Selys.
Le Nord de la Birmanie. Deux males (a abdomen

Commimi(|ue par M. McLachlan." A female in my
from Earnshaw.
^'Patrie:
incomplet).
collection
ONYCHOGOMPHUS ANNULARIS
NO. 1571.
DRAGONFLIES OF BURMA AND SIAMWILLIAMSOX.
313
postnodals,
Antenodals, front wing 14-16; hind wing 9-11
wing 9-10; hind wing 10. Head black, yellow as follows: Two
spots on upper lip, rhinarium, a small spot at the iij^per end of
A
nasus, frons above with a s})ot on each side; lower lip ])ale.
narrow pale antehuineral stripe, widened into a spot above. Sides
of thorax yellow, the two lateral sutures with black stripes, wider
on the first. Legs black. Abdomen with basal rings on 3-7 narrowly
;
front
interrupted above, about one-third to one-fourth the length of each

segment, largest on 7; median dorsal spot on 3 and 4 and a trace
on 5; 8-10 black. Female vulvar lamina one-fourth length of 9,

rounded triangular, apex notched; female occipital plate with hind
margin almost straight, slightly lower at the middle; female abdominal appendages a little longer than 10, yellow, a short black tubercle
between them. The venation of the female figured in this paper
is peculiar for the genus, so far as known to me, by the position of the
arculus in the front wing, slightly beyond the second antenodal, and
by having the second postanal cell in the hind wing divided.
17.
^'Patrie:
ONYCHOGOMPHUS MACLACHLANI
Le Nord de
la
Birmanie.
De
Selys.
Une female unique
(collect.
McLachlan)."
Head black, frons above with an anterior yellow stripe narrowed at the middle. Sides of thorax black, with a yellow stripe on
Legs brownish black. Abdomthe mesepimeron and metepimeron.
inal segments 3-7 with basal yellow rings occupying about one-fifth
of each segment: S with a small basal spot on each side replacing
the ring.
18.
ONYCHOGOMPHUS?
SPECIES.
A single male in fragments from
Earnshaw in my collection.
Hind wing 33 mm. Antenodals, front wing 13, hind wing 10;
postnodals, front wing 10, hind wing 9.
Lower lip pale yellow upper lip yellow, bordered basally and anteriorly and traversed medianly ^vith black; rhinarium yellow, below
;
on either side black; nasiis black, a narrow margin below at the

middle and a large spot at either end yellow; frons yellow, in front
the lower half and above a median basal triangular spot, not dividing
the yellow, black;
occiput
nearly straight,
yellow, black
against
the eyes; rear of head black.
Prothorax black, margined with yellow. Thorax above black,

middorsal carina below narrowly yellow; yellow stripes joined below
with the uninterrupted mesothoracic half collar to form a 7 on each
side of the carina; the antehumeral yellow stripes represented by a
spot above and a smaller one below; first lateral thoracic suture with
a black stripe interrupted to form 3 short stripes; second lateral suture
314
vol. xxxni.
with a continuous but little wider black stripe; no trace of black

Costa yellow, stigma black. Femora largely yellow,
posteriorl3^
apically and externally with some brown; tibia? black.
Abdominal segment 1 with a dorsal interrupted crescent of brown,
the ends of the crescent reaching backward and downward 2 yellow,
;
wdth a superior lateral brown stripe which at the apex of the segment
meets its fellow dorsally; 3 yellow, black as follows: A very narrow
basal ring, an interrupted
median ring and a
lateral apical triangular
spot which meets its fellow dorsally; 4 similar to 3; 5-7 similar, the
apical black spots confluent dorsally to form apical rings covering
about one-half the segment; 7 with the median transverse black
line reduced to a trace; 8-10 black; 8 with a large lateral basal yellow spot, the merest trace of which exists on 9; the suggestion of a
dorsal basal spot on 8.
Superior appendages twice as long as 10, simple, slender, tapering,
curved toward each other and downward, the extreme apex with a
shining black tooth, the lower external edge on the curve before the
apex minutely denticulate; brown at base, shading at once into light
Inferior appendage a little more than one-half as long,
yellow.
broadly bifid for more than one-half its length, the branches simple,
rounded, tapering, widely and continuously divaricate, but little
recurved dorsally, terminating apically in a minute tooth; color
similar to the superiors.
male has served for a fairly complete description,

such as to make figures of the appendages of questionable accuracy, and future study by others of this specimen will
be difficult. For this reason it is unnamed, though M. Martin, who
has seen it, pronounces it as certainly new.
As to its generic position some discussion is necessary. I should refer
it to Onychogomphus without question were it not that Foerster has
described as Heterogomplius naninus a male from Tonkin which is a
darker colored but, I believe, closely allied species to the one described
While the
its
single
condition
is
In actual usage describers of new species have defined Onychogomphus solely by one character, the form of the inferior appendage
and De Selys in naming species based on female speciof the male
mens alone has followed the generic name Onychogomphus with a
In this Burman specimen the superior appendquestion mark.
ages are similar to the form found in a number of species of Onychogomphus, and had the inferior been lost, few would hesitate to refer
the specimen to Onychogomphus. Moreover, the form of the inferior
appendage throughout the genus, as heretofore understood, can
hardly be defined as of one type, if we may use Hagen's figures in
Monographic des Gomphines for comparison. The figure of 0. jiexuosus certainly shows a decided step away from 0. saundersii, for
above.
NO. 1571.
315
example, towaril the condition found in the species described above.

Opposed to tliis weak negative evidence of the form of the inferior
appendage against referring this specimen to Onychogotuphus, is the
very positive evidence for such a relationship shown by the venation
which is figured in this paper. Compared with saundersii, which is
also figured, there are some very slight, and, I believe, unimportant
In Onycliogomphus? species in front wing the first cells
differences.
included between Cui and Cu, are relatively short in the anteroposterior direction,
at the
wing margin
and the number

is
between these 2 veins

and hind wings. In the
of cells
larger in botli front
hind wing of Oriycfiogompliusf species there is a single row of cells

between M^ and Mj^, excepting that the marginal cell is divided.
There are also slight difi"erences in the shape of the triangles and
subtriangles, and other equally slight differences might be pointed out.
(See
fig. ^^7.)
Fig. 37. Wings of
Genus
male species of Onychogomphus from Burma
HETEROGOMPHUS
De
Selys.
Seven species have been named in this genus. Foerster regards

De Selys from French Indo-China, and also probably
sommeri De Selys from China, as probably races of smitJiii De Selys
from Silliet. These three are large species, with the abdomen about
55 mm. or more in length and the hind wing 47 to 55 mm. In
smitliii abdominal segments 3-7 have the orange more extensive than
the black; in cocliincliinensis and sommeri black predominates on
3-6 and 7 has about the basal half yellows The character mentioned hj De Selys for separating sommeri and cocliincliinensis is
cochincMnensis
the coloration of the frons above; in cocliincliinensis the yellow area

on the frons above is not divided medianly by black as in sommeri.
Foerster has described a male specimen from Tonkui as Hetero-
316
VOL. XXMII.
gompJius naninus, which is unique in the genus by its small size

(abdomen 43 mm., hind wing 32 mm.) and by the simple structure
of the inferior appendage, the apices of which are not bifid or toothed,
(See discussion under
as is the case in all the other known males.
The remaining three species are
Onychogomfhus'^: species, p. 313.)
intermediate in
tion,
and
all
All are distinguished
size.
may be
in reality the
same
by pale
species.
indefuiite colora-
(See
fig.
38.)
H. icterops Martin, from Java, is briefly described in "Mission

Pavie" from a specimen in De Selys's collection. Abdominal segment 7 is largely yellow, and this character, may separate it from
the other two. The first described species of this group of three is
sumatranus Kriiger from Sumatra. The remainmg species is unicolor
Martin, described from Siani.
Fig. 38. 'Wings of
ig.
"Un
m\lk IIeterogomfiius cochinchixen.sis from Tonkin.
HETEROGOMPHUS UNICOLOR
Martin.
unique de Siam, Museum de Paris." Abdomen 52

Face and frons entirely yellow. Thorax
brown, with a poorly defined darker brown humeral stripe. Abdomen brown, tinged above, especially toward the end, with blackish;
7 tinged with ^êllowish.
H. sumatranus is somewhat smaller; abdomen about 50 mm.,
hind wing 42 mm. From the descriptions no defuiite distinguishing
characters are recognizable, and it is probable that unicolor is a
synonym of sumatranus.
male
mm., hind wing 48 mm.
Genus
MEROGOMPHUS
Martin.
The single species, paviei Martin, is known only from Tonkin

(presumably, since in the description of both genus and species no
locality is given).
This is a large, handsome species; abdomen 48
NO
1571.
DRAGONFLIES OF BURMA AND
mm., hind wing 40 mm.
am
SIAM- WILLIAMSON.
317
indebted to Monsieur Martin for a
beautiful male specimen in mj^ collection.
(See
fig. 39.)
SUMMARY,
Eleven genera and 19 species of the subfamilies discussed in this
paper are known from Burma and Lower Siam. In the preparation
of this paper 34 specimens from these localities have been studied.
Fig. 39. Wings of
Of the 19
male Merogompiius paviei from
'I'onkin.
species I have seen specimens of only 10.

Of the 21 species
Calopterygma> known from Burma and Lower Siam I had seen
Many more specmiens of Caloptery17 and studied 233 specimens.
gina3 have been received from Mr. Earnshaw during the preparation
Further comment on the relative numbers of speciof this paper.
mens in the different subfamilies and on the unavoidable mcompleteness of this paper is unnecessary. V
of
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF KILLIFISH, LUCANIA

BROWNI, FROM A HOT SPRING IN LOWT^R CALIFORNIA.
By David Starr Jordan

Of Stanford
and Robert Earl Richardson,
UniviTsitij, California.
We have recenth^ received from Mr. Herbert Brown, of Tucson,

Arizona, 6 specimens of a small killifish of the genus Lucania, taken by
Mr. Brown from a hot-water sprino; in northeastern Lower California.
Being unable to identify these with any hitherto described species,
we here describe them as new, and propose for them the name of
Lucania browni.
LUCANIA BROWNI, new
species.
Head 3.3 in length without caudal; depth 3.3 (3.5 in males) D. 10,
A. 10, scales 28 (25); depth of caudal peduncle 1.9 in head; breadth
of head 1.6; eye 3; interorbital space equal to eye; nose 4 in head;
mouth very small and quite oblique; maxillary equals pupil, the tip
of the upper lip slightly below upper rim of pupil teeth sharp, pointed,
;
equal, in a single
row on each jaw;
gill
membranes connected
for a
openings not restricted above; intestine not

longer than body; dorsal inserted slightly behind ventrals, a little
nearer base of caudal than end of snout; anal fin not modified into an
intromittent organ in males, its length when depressed, in female 1.3
in head, in male equal to head; pectoral 1.4 in head; ventrals very
short distance, the
gill
small, 2.75 in head.
specimens in formalin: Females olivaceous, each

with about 8 large Idotches of darker color, forming a
broken lateral band in adults; the blotches continued downward on
bell}'^ as cross bands in half-grown sjêcimens; 3 diffuse clusters of
punctulations on the belly just in front of and above anal fin; dorsal
punctulated with dusky in both membranes and rays, with a conspicuous dark blotch behind, between the sixth and tenth rays;
caudal pale,mth two crescentric cross bands across its base, the interspace between them pale; ventrals and anal pale; pectorals ol)Scurely
Color of
fi'esh
side of Ijody
Proceedings U.
S.
320
vol. xxxiii.
Males darker in color, with the side ])lotches

fins more dusky, and with both the dorsal
the
with
less distinct and
with dusky behind.
heavily
and the anal tipped
Described from 6
])unctiilate in the rays.
specimens, 0.50 to 0.84

inch long, taken at a
20 feet
point
below
the outbreak of a hot

spring on the eastern
margin
of the salt lake
that
between the
and Cocopah
lies
Coast
ranges, in northeast-
ern Lower California.
The salt lake is said

by Mr. Brown, who
the
collected
speci-
mens, to lie about 40

miles south of the in-
and
ternational line,
is
by him
stated
undoubtedly
sea level.
to be
below
:i
The species
The two
is oviparous.
largest specimens are
gravid
the
being
1
largest eggs
diameter.
mm. in
females,
examples
developed
Three
well
0.66
males,
to
are
fe-
0.78
inch in length, two of

them apparently ap-
proaching nuptial
oration.
imen
is
col-
A sixth spechalf-grown.
These specimens appear to differ from

other described
cies of
shorter
and
University, No. 20171.
Arizona.
ventral
fins
in details of color-
ation.
Cat. No. 57838, U.S.N.M.
spe-
Lucania in their
The
type
is
Cotypes are in the collection of Stanford
Named
for Mr.
Herbert Brown, of Tucson,
NO. 1572.
NEW KILLIFISHJORDAN AND
The water from which

by Mr. Brown
RICHARDSON.
these specimens were taken
is
321
thus described
The surface cif the water er, rather, luueh of it was covered with a tough thick
growth of green and sulphur colored algae. The temperature was taken in water
from which the algfe had been removed
The register was 128.
The temperature was taken by Mr. Godfrey Sykes, an engineer well known through
this section of country, in the presence of myself and Dr. D.T. MacDougal, director
of the Carnegie Bota.nical Laboratory at this place.
It was with a laboratory instrument that the temperature was taken. With the exception of an open strip of water
about 2 or 3 feet wide, the surface of the flow from the spring was covered with a thick
growth of algge. A portion of the algae was removed, and the temperature taken in the
hole so made. The temperature was undoubtedly hotter ther(> than it was on the
open edge of the water, but the fish darted in and out under the algae and because of
doing so were not easily caught. The water certainly was as hot under the unbroken
algae as it was where the thermometer was placed.
At this particluar place the flow
was about 10 or 12 feet wide, and was about 20 feet from the point where the water
broke out of the ground. Lower down the escaping water widened out and ran thinner
over the surface. A bottle of the water was brought away and an analysis was made
of it by Prof. R. E. Forbes, chemist at Territorial University.
It contained 2^ per
cent of soluble salts, of which salts 2 per cent were common salt and \ per cent calcium
chloride.
It also contained a trace of lithium.
I would like to add here that the
water teemed with insect life. A second spring, of about an equal volume of water
and not more than 20 feet away anct running parallel with the first, contained no fish.
The fish were captured and placed in a can with a closed top about 10 a. m. We were
then on the move and my formaldehyde was in a large tank, and as I did not care to
put the little fellows in it I carried them for nearly two days in the can in which they
were first placed. It was in February and the night was cold, but when I examined
them the next morning they appeared to be as lively as ever. The following afternoon
they were still living, but were not so lively as in the morning. I then placed them in
formaldehyde. They had lived in about a quart of water from their native sj^ring.
.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
21
NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS BELONGING TO

THE FAMILY CALIGID.E.
PARTS
AND
A REVISION OF THE PANDARIN.E

CECROPIN.E.
4.
AND THE
By Charles Branch Wilson.

Department
<>/
State NoDiuil School,
Bi'oloytJ,
]V(slJi.eld,
^klssachusetts.
INTRODUCTORY.
The present
is
the sixth paper in the series based
tion of the U. S. National
Museum and
upon the
collec-
finishes the family Caligidse.
many reasons a large amount of careful and painstaking collating

has been rendered necessary before this paper could be published.
And in consequence, as its title indicates, it lias taken the nature of a
thorough revision of the two subfamilies which it includes. Such a
revision was found to be absolutely demanded for any intelligent
discussion of the group, and especially for its accurate systematization.
In the first place, up to the present time we have been acquainted
with both sexes of but one or two species in the entire subfamily
Pandarina3.
Of all tlie other forms either the male or the female
have been described alone.
This has been due not to any scarcity of the missing sex, as might be
supposed, but to the fact that when found it was located elsewhere on
account of the great morphological dissimilarity between the sexes.
So that we find repeatedly the anomaly of a female classified under
one genus and subfamily, while the male is located under an entirely
dift'erent genus, and often in another subfamily.
Furthermore, all previous attempts to bring together the sexually
separated species have been confined to individual cases or to closely
For
related forms.
And
there has been in these attempts such an utter
disregard of morphological and developmental data that they have
only served to render the confusion worse confounded. To the best

of the author's knowledge the present paper is the first to systematize
Proceedings U.
S.

3^3
324
vol. xxxiii.
As will be seen the structure

the group upon a morphological basis.
few instances supports the suggestions that have been made
regarding the identity of sexes, while in the great majority of cases it
It is obvious, however, that any suggesis directly opposed to them.
in a
tion of species identity
contradicted
which
is
not supported, or which
by the anatomy of the two
sexes,
is
worthy
may
of
even be
very little
consideration.
And it is really surprising how much similarity a careful examination

when we remember that the two sexes have been considered
The differences are found to be much more
generically distinct.
reveals
apparent than real, and this is particularly true of the appendages

which afford a ready clew for the determination of the genera, as can
be seen from the key which follows (p. 345).
There is of course no expectation of being able, in this initiatory
effort, to reach a final conclusion respecting all the Nogaus species.
Considerable additional information will be needed before that
becomes even possible. But at least a good beginning can be made,
and the treatment of the species can be placed upon a rational and
scientific basis, which will yield good results in the future.
Each male has been included in the genus to which it belongs, so far
as this is positively known, and its characteristics have been given
under the genus diagnosis.
There are here described twenty species, of which one is new to
science, namely, EcJdhrdgaleus tor'pedinis while two others, Echthrogaleus denticulatus Smith and Nesippîs alatus Wilson, are figured for
the first time, the latter including both sexes.
In addition the males of eight of the other species have been
definitely located, described, and figured, four of them being new to
science, while the other four have been boarding around among the
various genera as wâs formerly the custom with the teachers in our
,
old-fashioned country schools.
The males of the three species belonging to the Cecropinse, of

Gangliopus pyrnformis, and of Pandarus hicolor were already known
so that we now have the males of 14 of the 20 species, including at
least one for every genus.
And lastly, much the hardest task of all, in the discussion of the
genus Nogaus, which is made up entirely of males, 34 species,
described by half as many authors and in seven different languages,
have lêen carefully contrasted with one another and with the types
here established, so far as the data given made this possible.
It has been found necessary to change the names of two genera on
account of preoccupation. The name Lepidopus, proposed by Dana in

In its place is
1852, had been used by Gouan for a fish genus in 1770.
namely,
meaning,
same
which
Pliolidopus
has
the
name
suggested the
scale-footed.
PARASITIC COPEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
325
The name
Stasiotes, proposed by Wright in 1877, had been used by

snake genus in 1862. In its place is suggested the name
Prosaetes, from Ttpoaalrr/g, a beggar, who torments one by his
Jan
for a
persistence.
complete life liistory is also presented by using different stages

development from different genera, but as none of the developmental
stages have ever been described even tliis is a consideral)le advance.
of
Part 3. THE
PANDARINvE.
ECOLOGY.
are peculiarly shark parasites, the genera and
without exception, infesting some one of
almost
even the species,
In general the females
the numerous selachians along our coasts.
remain throughout life fixed in the same position on their host, and
even the males are rarely found swimming about freely. And yet
upon occasion, as will be seen later, these males can swim as well
as any of the Caliginse.
Hence it is not a case of necessity but one
of choice that keeps them in close proximity to the fixed females.
The Pandarinas
In this connection Hesse

Les poissons sur lesquels on
les
writes:''
trouve n'etant pas,
comme
ceiix des autres especes,
enduits d'une secretion mucilagineuse qui, en lubrifiant la peau, la rend
j^lus
souple
et plus penetrable et facilite ainsi les fonctions des organes destines a la perforer.
Prives de ces avantages et insuffisamment fixes sur une enveloppe ejâisse et coriace,
ils ne tardent pas, lorsqu'ils sent sortis de I'eau, a s'en detacher et a tomber a terre,
ou dans le fond des bateaux, et alors, a raison de leur extreme petitesse, il est bien
difficile de les retrouver.
This statement might give the impression that the Pandarinse

among the parasites, unable to find anything better
in the way of hosts, and so compelled to put up with these thickskinned sharks. But such does not seem to be the case; the shark's
are outcasts
skin
it is
It
is
not particularly thick for so large a fish, and

mucus the same as that of other fishes.
therefore as easy to penetrate as the skin of a fish covered with
is
tough, but
is
certainly covered with
heavy
scales.
Furthermore, as Hesse himself says, immediately after the passage

quoted, these Pandarinse seek out those places on the shark's body
where the skin is the thinnest, such as the fins, the inside of the
operculum, the border of the anal and genital orifices, and even
the eyes.
In fact this same preference is shown by all the Caligidse,
and is just as pronounced on a scaly fish as on these selachians,
for the skin in the localities mentioned is always soft and tender
enough, even on a shark, to be easily penetrated, especially by such
large parasites as the Pandarinse.
Hence the reason implied by
Annales des Sciences Naturelles
(6),
XV,
Article
3, p. 39.
32 G
VOL. XXXIIl.
Hesse, and stated clearly in a footnote at tlie bottom of the page

can not be the only one. He says in the footnote:
just referred to,
C'est sans doute a raison de la plus grande epaisscur de leur pcau que je n'ai jamais
rencontre ccs parasites sur les Scyllium canicula, catulus et annulatus, qui cependant
sont des Squales que Ton trouve plus frequemment que les autres dans notre
localite.
It
is
very doubtful
is any
dusky shark, Oarcharhinus obscurus, and
our own coasts which are commonly infested
with these parasites. And even if
it were thick and tough enough elsewhere, it would still be thin and
soft at the localities mentioned, and
if
the skin of these sharks he mentions
thicker than that of the
other large sharks of
easily penetrated
bosces of
Some
by the sharp pro-
these large
Pandarids.
must be found
other reason
to account for the lack of parasites
on the sharks mentioned.

Again Hesse writes "
:
en effet, visite, avec le plus grand

soin et depuis un assez grand nombre
d'annees, lespoissons de toiltesles espfeces
qui frequentent nos cotes et je suis parvenu
a trouver vingt Caliges differentes, ainsi
que dix Trebles; et toutes, sans aucune
exception, ont ete recueillies sur le corps
ou sur les brancliies de poissons a peau
J'ai,
molle,
Fig. 1. Photograph of
dorsal fin of sand

SHARK, SHOWING DOTH SEXES OF PaNDARUS
SINUATUS. In the LOWER BUNCH THE PARASITES ARE ENTIRELY COVERED WITH ALG^.
consequemment
autres
que
les
Squales.
The sharks along ovir Atlantic

must be very different from
coast
those on the coast of France, since the author has found two of the
Argulida?, Argulus laticauda and A. 7negaIops, two of the Caliginae,
Caligus rapax and Lepeoplitheirus edwardsi, and two of the Euryphorinse, Alehion gracilis
and A.
The two last mentioned

fish and Sand Shark, and
glaher,
very commonly upon them.
Dog-
species are ])ractically confined to the
are found
over the outside surface of
all
these fishes, apparently never hunting for
any thin places
in the skin.
Furthermore the Caliginse are common also upon Skates and

Rays, whose skin is as tough and leathery as that of the sharks,, at
least six species being found on these fish.
We may
selected
by
reasonably conclude, therefore, that
the
sharks
these parasites as their chosen hosts.
And
there
is
are
no
reason for believing that they do not prove as satisfactory as any
bony fish
(fig.
1).
" Sain(> article,
j).
30.
NO.
I'ARAtilTIC
L-s-za.
We
fixed
COPEPODS WILSON.
327
have already stated that the females remain throughout life

one position upon their host. This is true of all the genera
ill
belonging to the subfamily
marked
a".:<:l
constitutes a fourth step in degener-
which have preceded it."

however, and a part of the first one,
have been confined to the female, while the male has escaped their
ation as well
The
as the three
last three of these steps,
influence.
As a
result
we
find in the present subfamily the greatest sexual
dissimilarity in the entire family of the Caligidi.
Indeed, the two sexes of every genus in the PandarinjB are so unlike
that the males have been considered a separate genus from the
females.
made
And
not only
so,
but the males of
all
the genera have been
congeneric, and grouped together under the single genus
''
NoFurthermore, this male "genus" has been ]:)laced by the
great majority of writers in the subfamily Caligin?e rather than in
the Pandarina?, where the females all belong.
This will be more fidly
discussed under the genus name Nogaus (see p. 439).
It serves here
simply to emphasize the sexual difiêrences, and to make it evident
that in considering their ecology as well as their morphology most
if not all of the statements must be understood as confined to a single
The first step in degeneration, as already noted under the Calisex.
ginse, was the mechanical hindrance afl'orded by the egg strings, and
the strong incentives for remaining on the body of the host.
Of
course the latter was the only one operating upon the male, and it
did not exert much influence so long as the female retained the power
gagus.'^
of free
swimming.
As, however, this power gradually
weakened in the Caligiiiie and

more in the Euryphorinse, the incentive for the male to remain
upon the host with the female became stronger.
And here in the Pandarina?, where the female has become a fixed
form and correspondingly degenerate, the incentive operates with
its full power on the male, and we find him in the same condition as
were the females of Lepeoj^htheirus and other Caligids, that is, capable
of swimming freely but under ordinary conditions remaining upon
the same fish, along with the female, during his entire life. Wliile
the male has thus resisted the degenerative influences so much
still
when he once yields the transition is

and in the very next subfamily, the Cecropinae (see p 465),
we find the male degenerated into a fixed form exactly like that
longer than the female, yet
more
rapid,
of the female.
a
The
three previous steps are: (1) The mechanical hindrance afforded by the egg
and the lack of incentive to free swimming; (2) the loss of the lunules on
the frontal plates, and the consequent restriction of the free scuttling motion; (3) the
development of dorsal plates on the thorax segments, thereby diminishing the freedom
of bodily movement.
strings
328
vol. xxxiii.
LOCOMOTION.
The female has entirely lost the power of free swnnining, and
almost entirely that of moving about on her host. She can and does
change her position, but only for the most strenuous reasons and
during the earlier stages of development. Such motion is of necessity very slow, since it involves the loosening and refastening of the
hold maintained by the different prehensile organs. Some of them
must remain fastened all the time, and the only progress made is the
distance that can be covered by the stretching of the body between
When removed from the fish and placed

an aquarium these females simply lie upon their backs, moving
the swimming legs spasmodically, but producing no change of position
The males, on the contrary, can swim as freely as aligns,
at all.
and when placed in an aquarium with the latter they resemble them
so closely in form and movements as to be distinguished only by
carefid scrutiny.
Accordingly we should expect to find some of the
males swimming about freely at the breeding season, like those of
Caligus, and there are in the U. S National Museum collection
several specimens so recorded.
None of either sex, so far as known, have lunules on the frontal
plates, and hence they do not exhibit the scuttling movements
characteristic of Argulus and Caligus.
And yet they can move about
easily and rapidly over the outside of the shark's body and are by
no means confined to tne immediate vicinity of the females. This
motion is accomplished b}^ means of the adhesion pads, maxillipeds,
and swimming legs. The former hold the copepod to the skin of its
host, while the latter push the body forward.
Instead of a scutthng
movement, therefore, each side of the body being advanced alternately, there is a forward gliding motion of the entire body, similar
to that shown in swimming.
All four pairs of swimming legs in
these males are biramose, and the rami are wide flattened laminae
which propel the animal swiftly through the water.
There is no broad basal apron coimecting the third legs across the
mid line, which was characteristic of the Caliginge, but this is largely
compensated by the fact that the fourth legs are as broad and powerful as the third pair, while in the Caliginse they were of no actual
service for swimming.
the alternate fastenings.
in
PREHENSION.
The organs
prehension include adhesion pads, claws, and modare common to all the genera and
to both sexes; they arise as accessory organs in connection with the
various appendages, and are usually of different shapes in the different
genera and even in the different species, thereby affording good
ified chelae.
of
The adhesion pads
PARAStriC COPEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
329
supplementary means of differentiation. In the genus Pandarus,

which may be taken as the type of the subfamily, there are four pairs
of these pads (fig. 2).
The first pair are connected with the bases of the first antemia?,
are elliptical or oval in outline, and stand close to the lateral margins
of the carapace, sometimes even projecting beyond the margin.
The second
pair are connected similarly with the bases of the second
antennge, are usually circular or oval in outline, and stand inside of
and posterior to the
first pair.
are parallel with the
body
The long diameters

a rule. The third
axis, as
of
both pairs
pair are con-
nected with the bases of the second maxillipeds, are sometimes
cir-
and sometimes elliptical in outline,

and stand on either side of and close to the
mid line about in the center of the ventral
cular
surface of the carapace.

arise
first
as
The fourth
prominences on the bases
pair of dorsal plates in the female, or
the lateral processes of the
ment
pair
of the
in the male.
The
first
free seg-
exterior margin of
each of these plates reaches forward under

the carapace to a point opposite the bases
of the first legs,
corner the pad
and here
is
at its antero-lateral
developed.
These pads
are elongate-elliptical in outline, their long-
diameters parallel with or slightly inclined

to the body axis.
There are also in some
genera pads on the basal joints of the
swimming legs; these are usually elliptical,
with their long diameters at right angles
to the body axis (fig. 3).
The first two pairs of pads are the most Fig. 2. Ventr.vl surface of
FEMALE Pandarus sinuatus,
important, and the necks or stems by which
SHOWING ADHESION PADS.
they are united to the ventral surface of the
carapace are so arranged that the pads can be lowered and pressed
against the skin of the host's bodj^
The adhesive surface of the
pad is formed of a thick cushion of skin whose outer layer is raised
into ridges similar to those in the epidermis on the palms of our
hands. These ridges are usually transverse, but are sometimes
arranged concentrically, as on the tips of our fingers. They seem to
serve the same purpose on these pads that they do on our hands the
development of friction and the prevention of slipping.
The claws or chelae are found on the tips of the second maxillipeds,
which are the chief organs of prehension. In the males of all the
genera and in the females of some of them the second maxillipeds
end in curved claws similar to those found in the Caliginse and
Euryphorinas.
830
VOL. XXXJII.
But in the females of Pandarus, Nessipus, and allied genera the

claw disappears in the fully developed adult and in its place appears
a pair of knob-like protuberances, armed with minute papilla^ or
scales which operate like a chela and obtain a hold by pinching a
between their inner surfaces.
Sometimes the males are also found with knobs instead of claws;
the two occurring interchangeably, even in the same species.
Either of them give the copepod a firm grasp upon its host and,
fold of skin
assisted
by the adhesion
pads, fasten
it
securely in place.
has been the author's experience that living specimens

have to be removed with great care in order to avoid breaking their
On the other hand, Hesse speaks of them
prehensile appendages.
in the quotation just given as "insecurely fastened to a skin which is
tough and leathery." And he then adds: "They are not slow,
when taken from the water, to
detach themselves and fall to
the ground or the bottom of the
Indeed,
it
boat."
In the experience of the present
author
Pandarid has
no
ever voluntarily detached
some have fallen

off their host,
dead.
Many
the sharks
of
times,
pound-net at
the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries or

the Marine Biological Labora-
tory
chusetts,
itself;
rubbed
but only when

scores
after pulling the

Fig. 3. Ventral surface of first three fairs
of swimming legs of echthrogaleus denticulaTUS, showing accessory ADHESION PADS.
or been
at
Woods
Hole, Massa-
obtained, which varied from two or three to
twenty-five or more in number, have been thrown on the bottom of

the boat and towed from 1 to 3 miles behind a small steamer before
being examined. But on reaching the wharf the Pandarid parasites
were found still clinging to them, and after careful trial it was decided
that so far as sharks are concerned, the chief thing to be gained by
going out to the net and removing the parasites on the spot was the
chance of keeping them alive a little longer. And here again the
experience of the author is different from that of Hesse, who says:
"I have been able occasionally to secure them alive, but have not
been able to keep them
In
that condition for any length of time.
tliis they are very different from Oaligus and Trehius, and even from
Oecrops and Lsemargus, which I have kept alive for some time."
If he is speaking of the females this is partially true, and yet the
author has repeatedly kept Pandarid females alive for several days.
N(>. 1573.
But the males

and usually
are always as
when
hardy as any
of the
331
genera he mentions,
placed with Caligus or LepeoiMlieirus they outlive
the latter.
Hesse's mistakes have probably originated from another fact which

has an important bearing on the length of life in these parasites. In
the Caligina? the arched carapace acts as a large sucking disk, its
margin being pressed close to the surface, made continuous posteriorly
by the broad lamina connecting the third legs, and the contact sealed
with water and slime.

The space beneath the carapace is filled with water, and this is
often retained for a long time after the surface of the fish has become
Living and active specimens have often been obtained from
dried.
fish whose outer surface and fms had been dried for two or three hours.
On the inside of the operculum and in the gill cavity they sometimes
remain alive out of water for twentv-four hours after the death of the
fish.
In the Pandarinse the carapace is not thus arched and there is

nothing to continue its margin posteriorly; consequently it does not
retain the water, l)ut the latter escapes as soon as the skin of the fish
dries, just as it does from lêneath the cover glass on a microscope
slide.
As soon as the fish dries, therefore, all the Pandarids on its
outer surface also quickly die, and they do then drop oft", or can be
brushed oft' very easily. For the same reason, while the sharks are
being brought ashore these parasites usually become exhausted for
want of moisture. And although they may still be alive when
removed from the fish they do not live very long afterwards. But
given a fair chance, the females are as long lived as any of the fixed
parasites, while the males who do retain moisture under their carapaces in the same manner as Caligus and Trehius are fidly as long
lived as the latter.
'
This sid)family of Pandarina? are thus clearly differentiated from

the Caligina^ Trebina^, and Euryphorinse on the one side and from
the" Cecropin?e on the other by many distinct peculiarities of morphlial)its.
The most striking differences are to be found
perhaps in the males, although the other sex is by no means deficient
in them.
In the Caliginse we find the sexes similar, the male usually smaller,
but sometimes larger than the female. The young females, and even
the adults when without egg-strings, are as active as the males, and
both sexes have retained fully their power of locomotion in spite of
their parasitic habits.
This equality of the sexes is partially explained
by the fact that neither of them carry any dorsal plates on the thorax
or genital segment.
The family includes one genus, Echetus, in
which tlie adult female has become fixed in position, but this is due to
ology and
the burA-ing of the head and thorax in the flesh of the host.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATTONAL MVSEVM.
332
The mouth-tube
is
short and broad, with a bluntly rounded tip.
First maxillse are present in the

of tlie carapace
vol. xxxrii.
form
of short claws near the
the second maxillse are in
tlie
form
margin
of simple, slender,
biramose; the first and fourth

second and third pairs have
peculiar patterns of the joints, easily recognized after a little experi-
and acuminate spines; the furca

legs are uniramose, while the rami
is
of the
ence.
Euryphorinae the sexes are also similar, the male always

slender, and more active than the adult female.
The
young females, however, are still as active as the males, since they are
unhindered by either egg strings or dorsal thorax plates. The presence of the latter in the adults helps to render them sluggish, and yet
there is no genus which actually becomes fixed like Echetus among the
In
'the
smaller,
more
Caliginse.
For the other characters, the mouth tube is like that of the CaligThe second maxinae, but there are no first maxillie nor any furca.
illae show a transition from simple pointed spines in Caligeria, through
a blunted biramose shape in Gloiopotes, into a flattened lamina in
Alehion.
All the legs are usually biramose, the pattern of the rami
of the second and third pairs similar to that in the Caliginae.
In the Pandarinae, on the contrary, the sexes are very dissimilar;
the females, even when young, carry so many dorsal plates on the
thorax and genital segment as to render them practically helpless.
They can swim but little and c{uickly become stationary upon their
host.
But the males retain the powers of locomotion and can swim
or scuttle about over their host's body with as inuch freedom as those
of either of the preceding subfamilies.
They have no trace of dorsal
plates, either on the thorax or genital segment the sex differences in
this subfamily, therefore, are the greatest anywhere shown in the
The mouth tube is long and pointed, and the mouth
Caligidae.
parts are transformed into blade-like, smooth laminae, without spines
or setse, or they remain rudimentary.
The swimming legs are also
characterized by the equality of the rami on the first pair and by a
general tendency toward degeneration in the females.
This usually
affects only the last pair (Dinematura females), or the last two pairs
(Pandarus females), but sometimes affects them all (Demoleusiemales).
But whether degenerate or not their pattern is always totally different from that in the two preceding subfamilies.
;
Finally in the Cecropinae we find the sexes again similar, but this
time they both carry dorsal plates on the thorax and genital segments which effectually prevent free swimming. And both sexes
become permanently fixed as soon as they have found lodgment
on their host's body.
The mouth tube is not as long as in the
Pandarinae, but is fully as pointed, while the maxillte remain laminate and are much larger proportionally than in any preceding sub-
333
a tendency to degeneration in the swimming legs

wliile it was there consimilar to that shown in the PandariniB, but
sexes, and may
fined to the female sex only it here extends to both
the male
even include both the third and fourth pairs of legs in
There
family.
is
{Orthagoriscicola males)
ONTOGENY.
the
tliis subfamily are almost the same as in
two
the
between
differentiation
The
Euryphorinas.
Cahginffi and
must be sought cliiefly in the habits and sexual characters, as already
The number and size of the eggs and the changes during
stated.
development are similar to those given in the preceding sub-
The
life
histories in
their
families.
From eight
Fig. 4. a
to ten
weeks are required for development, and
newly hatched nauplius of Pandarus
sinitatus.
the eggs in the strings of any given female hatch at practically the
same time. The issuing nauplius is almost an exact counterpart of
elonthat seen in the Euryphorinse its body has the outline of an
contracted
somewhat
gated ellipse, is well rounded anteriorly, but is
all
The eye spot

posteriorly through the bases of the balancers (fig. 4).
are
appendages
of
pairs
The three
is far forward and not prominent.
the
of
part
anterior
The
of the usual pattern and arrangement.
body is transparent, and inside of it can be plainly seen the muscles
which move the appendages. The balancers are very long, cylindrical,
acuminate they stand out nearly at right angles to the
and narrow
body axis and are curved
;
slightly forward.
The
central portion of
granules,
the posterior half of the body is filled with opaque yolk
granules
These
edge.
the
leaving a narrow transparent margin around
are no
there
and
brownish-yellow,
are colored a uniform and very pale
334
vol. xxxiu.
pigment spots nor any color patterns in the nauplii thus far observed,
a condition very diiferent from that found in the nauphi of the Cahginse and Euryphorina^.
The difficulty of hatching these nauplii and rearing them through
successive molts
is
fully as great as in the case of the Euryphorina^,
In the Euryphorinse the unripe

but
all the time, and finally
aquarium
about
the
restlessly
female moved
until dead and dried;
remained
there
water
and
crawled up out of the
killed
before
they had time to
dried
and
were
the
eggs
consequently
female is incaother
hand,
the
the
Pandarinse,
on
the
Here
in
hatch.
pable of motion, and when placed in an aquarium simply falls to the
bottom and lies there inert, usually upon her back. In this way the
eggs fail of proper aeration and die almost as surely as when taken
oat of the water and dried. Fortunately here also, as in the Euryphorinse, the hosts are common species of sharks, and a careful examifor a very different reason.
nation of the gills and body of these sharks during the parasites'
breeding season is practically sure to yield development stages. The
eggs for most of the genera hatch about the first of July, so that the
best time to look for development stages is during the middle and
month.
and Pandarus are found upon the external
surface, the former on the head and especially around the mouth,
Those of Nesifims are found
the latter in the vicinity of the fins.
latter part of the
Those
of Perissopus
attached to the gills, usually near the ends of the gill arches. When
the nauplius molts into a metanauplius the second pair of antennae
are turned forward side by side, enlarged, and develoi>ed into long
At the
prehensile hooks, whereby the larva fastens itself to its host.
same time the second maxillipeds become organs of attachment and
Both organs retain their
materially assist the second antennae.
function throughout life, the second maxillipeds usually increasing
in size and efficiency until they become the chief organs of prehen-
mature adult, while the second antennae diminish somewhat, but never lose their function entirely.
The development, therefore, is very similar to, and in fact almost
And when the metanauplius
identical with, that of the Cahginse.
sion in the
molts into a chalimus the similarity is further increased by the fact

that a frontal filament is formed, very different in length and structure from that found in the Caliginse, but entirely similar in function.
Hesse claims (1883. p. 4) to have found a larva belonging to the
"Pandaridaa," which he calls " Nogagus sinnacii-acliantias" and which
he says was attached hj a long and slender frontal filament to its
"mother's" carapace. But when his account is examined it is found
that very little can be accepted as authentic until further evidence is
ffiven.
FARAISITW COPEPODS WILSON.

In the
first
335
place the only reason which he can give for regarding
the adult as the
mother and the larva as her offspring
is
the fact
that the latter was attached to the carapace of the former.
The
absurdity of dra\\dng such a conclusion from this single premise has

been already sho\vai and may be briefly restated as follows: When
first
hatched the nauplii swim freely at the surface;
after two or
and attach themselves to
three molts they seek out a suitable host
There
it.
same host
not one chance in a million that they
is
mother
again, to which their
is
will find
attached, and
still
the
less
chance of finding the mother herself among other parasites of the

different kinds.
In fact, to find the mother at all necessitates the assumption of the ability on the part of the larva or the
mother, or both, to recognize the other, which one hardly cares to
same and
concede.
Again, the individual to wliich this larva was attached, and which
calls the ''mother,"' is unfortunately of the male sex, as is
Hesse
shown by Ms figures and description. It has the typical

Nogaus form there are no signs of dorsal plates on thorax or genital
segment, and none of the swdmming legs show any signs of degeneration.
This fact renders any close relationship between the two
clearly
practically impossible.
Finally, Hesse WTites that
tliis
larva was 3 millimeters long and
millimeter wide, wdth a fully developed frontal filament.

describes and figures only a single pair of
smmnfing
legs,
But he
and they
on the second thorax segment. Every metanauplius which has

thus far been observed possesses at least two pairs of these swimming legs, and a chalimus 3 millimeters in length belonging to any
are
of the subfamilies of the Caligida^
and ought
must possess
at least three pairs,
to possess four pairs, of such legs, the first of
which would
be attached to the ventral surface of the carapace and not to the

second thorax segment. Again, the first antennae are represented as
attached to either side of the "umbilical button" at the base of the
frontal filament.
They are half the length of the carapace, twojointed, and free to their very base; in other words, the chalimus
has no frontal plates. The posterior half of the body is cylindrical
and five-jointed, the joints diminisliing in size backward. The first
of these joints carries the single pair of legs and, in addition, on its
ventral surface:
On remarque,
a,
rextremite. d'un article femoral, assez long,
des lames plates,
denticulees sur les bords et garnies de soies, qui sont destinees a favoriser les
mouvements de propulsion et de natation, et, de chaque cote de I'anneau suivant,
deux lames
plafes, denticulees, qui sont consacrees
aProc. U.
S. Nat.
Mus.,
aux memes fonctions
XXVIII,
p. 548.
(p. G).
336
What
vol. xxxiii.
these ''lames plates" could be would furnish something of a
puzzle to the comparative anatomist.

Hesse then adds, under what he is pleased to call " Physiologic "
J'ai
d'abord exprime I'opinion que cet embryon pourrait bien etre un male qui,
une femelle adulte, douee consequeminent de moyens de locomotion plus
joint a
puissants que les siens, pouvait I'entrainer sur un autre poisson et aller ainsi, avec
fonder une autre colonie et contribuer par la a favoriser la reproduction et la
lui,
dissemination do I'espece
(p. 31).
That is to say, a male, which is free swimming in all the Nogaus

species, attaches itself to a female, which in every species of the
Pandarinae is fixed and helpless, in order to facilitate its locomotion
from one
fish to another.
Since in a description of this sort there is
no hint
of the family,
to say nothing of the generic position of the larva, we are compelled

to set it aside entirely and to get our knowledge of the development
of the Pandarinae
from
THE NAUPLIUS
original sources.
as seen in the genera Nesippus and Pandarus.
elongate ellipsoid, evenly rounded in front, but somewhat contracted posteriorly through the bases of the balancers.
The three pairs of ap-
Body an
^^^
pendages are bunched

rather
closely
at
the
and are of
the usual pattern. The
anterior end
balancers are fully onethird the entire length

of
the
body, differing
markedly in tliis respect from those found

in
the preceding sub-
In the Nesippus nauplius they take

the form of simple,
curved,
and
slightly
families.
p^(j.5._A
NEWLY HATCHED NAUPLIUS OF Nesippus ALATUS.
aCUmmatC
SpineS,
in
the Pandarus nauplius

they are slightly S-shaped, with a double curve and contracted at
a point one-fourth of their length from the base, as though jointed.
In Nesippus the color is a uniform grayish brown, with a broad,
margin, and without pigment spots or

In Pandarus the center of the body is
olive green by transmitted light, appearing cinnamon-brown by
reflected light in the egg strings, or even almost black.
transparent, and
colorless
other markings.
(See
fig. 5.)
NO. 1573.
The transparent margin
is
also
337
very irregular in pattern and
\\adth,
especially opposite the bases of the locomotor appendages.
The central mass of pigment reaches forward anteriorly in a longmedian, two-pronged projection and sends out branches also on
either side opposite the second pair of appendages and the balancers.
anterior half of the body is more or
transparent and shows the muscles
plainly, while the posterior part is
The
less
opaque from the presence

ules (see
of
yolk gran-
^\
fig. 4).
Length, 0.25 mm.; width, 0,12
THE METANAUPLIUS
mm.
as seen in the
genus Nesippus.
On
molting fi-om the nauplius into

metanauplius the body becomes
the
divided into regions consisting of a carapace, two free thorax segments, and a
fusion of the genital segment and the
abdomen (fig. 6). The carapace has an

elongated acorn shape, the length twice
the width, and squarely truncated posteriorly,
with the corners produced into
narrow lobes reaching

the first free segment.
to the center of
The frontal
plates
and
prominent, but folded

under the anterior margin, so that very
little of them can be seen in dorsal view.
They are folded more evenly than in the
Alehion larva and do not leave conical
are
large
projections
The eyes
at
the
anterior
corners.
are situated even farther
back
-The metanauplius of Nethan in Alehion, nearly half the distance
sippus alatus.
They are
from the anterior margin.
quite large and not fused, although in contact on the mid-line.
The first free segment is evidently a fusion of the second and third
thorax segments, as is indicated by the attachment of the legs. As
these two segments are more or less fused in all the adults belonging
to this subfamily, their fusion here in the matanauplius is what
would naturall}^ be expected.
The fused segment is nearly as wdde as the carapace, and is furnished with broad lateral lobes at the sides over the bases of the legs.
Such
lateral lobes or plates are also characteristic of all the adults of
both sexes, but in later development they become longer and narProc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii07
22
338
The second
rower.
is
free,
jnst lialf as wide as tlie
which
first,
VOL. XXXIII.
is reall}" the fourth thoracic, segment

wnth strongly convex sides.
The
is
'^^"
last
segment, wliich
a fusion of the genital
segment and abdomen, has

the same width as the
fourth thorax segment, but
is three times as long and
somewhat narrowed posteriorly.
The
laminae
anal
relatively larger
Alehion,
five
but
much
with
are
than in
are tipped
shorter setae,
on each lamina.
The
antennae
first
are
two-jointed, the terminal

mouth tube, maxilla, and mandibles of
THE METANAUPLIUS OF NeSIPPUS ALATUS.
Fig. 7. The
joint short
small
and armed with
spines
only,
with-
out the plumose setiB found in both the Caliginae and the Euryphorina?.
The second antennae are similar to those of Alehion, but with
two stout accessory spines on the inner margin near the
base.
IX--^^
Fig.
8.-
-A MANDIBLE OF THE METANAUPLIUS OF

NeSIPPUS ALATUS.
The proboscis
is
also similar to that
but is longer and of a more

uniform width tlu"oughout (fig. 7). At
its tip can be seen the mandibles, which
are slender, somewhat enlarged, curved
toward the free ends, and coarsely
toothed along the inner concave margins.
At this stage only the tips of the
mandibles touch each other. Later,
when the end of the mouth tube is compressed laterally, the entire toothed
of Alehion,
portion
is
interlocked
The second
base of the
are simple,
(fig. 8).
maxillae are close to the
mouth tube on
and consist
Fig. 9. The first
either side,
and second max-
illipeds OF the METANAUPLIUS OF

NeSIPPUS ALATUS.
of a stout conical
base tipped with a short and stragiht

spine.
On
the outer side of the base
senting the rudimentary exopod

later
development.
this
is
another shorter spine, repreis seemingly lost in
rudiment
The first maxillipeds
are slender
and two-jointed,
NO. 1573.
339
the terminal joint narrower and longer than the basal, and tipped
^vith
two claws, the shorter ventral one with a few coarse teeth on
the inner side at the base and a narrow-toothed flange along
margin
(fig.
9).
The
dorsal claw
is
its
outer
narrower and longer and has a
narrow-toothed flange along either side.

The second maxillipeds are two-jointed, as in the adult, but are
slender, with the terminal claw^ two-thirds the length of the basal
joint, strongly curved, and with a small accessory spine on the inner
margin near the tip.
Fig.
10.
The
fiest three pairs of .swimming i.kgs of thk metanauplius of Nesippus alatus.
There are three pairs of swimming legs, all biramose; the rami of
first two paks are indistinctly two-jointed, while those of the
third pair are one-jointed (fig. 10).
The basal joint of each ramus
has -a single spine at its distal corner, on the outside in the exopod,
on the inside in the endopod, while the terminal joint is ti])ped with
a row of large and nearly straight setae.
This metanauplius is of a yellowish horn color, quite transparent
except through the center of the body. The pigment is scattering
the
340
and
VOL. XXXIII.
consists of a V-shaped string of small spots starting at the leases
of the first antennje
on either side and extending obliquely backward
meet behind the eyes.

The two free segments hkve a few spots irregularly arranged, and
there are a few more at the posterior end of the abdomen and in the
to
anal laminse. These spots are all of a reddish purple color; the eyes
Total length, including the
are a deep purple with bright red lenses.
Width of
of
Length
carapace,
1 mm.
2.1
mm.
second antennae,
same, 0.5
0.51
mm.
Length
of fused genital
segment and abdomen,
mm.
This metanauplius stage was obtained from the gill filaments of

the sharp-nosed shark, Scoliodon terrae-novsc, at Beau-
North
fort,
Carolina,
company with two
in
adult
females and three males of

the
same
these
give
The
species.
secure hold
a more
larvae
upon
pe-
antennae
stag-horn
culiar
their host
than in the Euryphorinse.
With such organs

hension
more
it
would
of pre-
also
be
difficult for the larva
to loosen its hold
about.
haps in
There
is
and move
thus per-
this larval stage
indication "of
subsequent
the
fixity
an
greater
of
the
adult.
THE CHALIMUS
as seen in
the genus Perissopus.
Fig. U.
chalimus of Perissopus communis.
Only fully developed

male chahmi were found,
and they are described
under the species Perissopus communis on page 357.
Single specimens of the
female chalimus in three

respectively, 3, 4,
measuring,
obtained,
were
stages of development
and
4.5
mm.
in length.
long the carapace, includmg the poslonger than wide, and has strongly
convex sides (fig. 11). The posterior lobes are long and wide,
reaching back to the fourth segment, and are bluntly rounded at the
(1)
In the chalimus 3
terior lobes,
tip.
The
is
mm.
semielliptical,
frontal plates are
narrow at the center and widened at the
PARASITIC COPKPODs WILSON.
841
distal ends.
There are three large eyes in a transverse row just in
front of the center of the carapace, the central one smaller than
the other two and slightly posterior to them.
attachment filament secreted hy
it
The
and
from those found
frontal gland
are very different
in the Caliginie.
The gland
is
a huge quadrangular
affair, filling
the entire center of
In place of the two large gland cells seen

in the Caligina\, we find liere four, arranged in two pairs, one on
the front of the carapace.
"
either side of the
mid
line.
Each cell is ellipsoidal in form, the ones nearest

and farther lâck than tlie outer ones.
tli(^
mid
luie l)eing
larger
In place of the single slender and cylmdrical filament
m the Caliginê, we
produced
two
fhid here in PerissojMs
broad and ribbon-lilê fda-
ments placed
Each
is
dorso
side
by
side.
strongly compressed
ventrally,
and
is
barely long enough to reach

the fish's skin and obtain a
firm hold.
The chalimus
is
thus held with the frontal
margin
the
carapace
of
almost in actual contact
with the fish's skm, and its
condition is very different
from that of the Caligus

chalimus which floats out at
the
ti])
as its
of a filament as
long
own body.
When
these
double
fila-
ments disappear in the adult

they leave a broad and well-
Fig. 12. The
foue pairs of swimming legs of the

rhalimus shown in tiik preceding figure.
defined sinus at the center of the frontal margin, between the frontal
In all the adult Nogaus males this central sinus and the
plates.
remains of the frontal gland can be clearly seen, often with shreds
of the frontal filaments still attached at the base of the sinus, but
in the adult females the glands and sometimes the sinus disappear.
In younger females, however, they can still be distinguished.
In the size, arrangement, and general appearance of the free thorax
segments of this chalimus there is a striking resemblance to the male
form (see p. 357). The latter sex, therefore, must be taken as the
typical form in this subfamily, and from this the female degenerates
on becoming
fixed.
342
On
lobes
Vol. xxxiii.
the posterior margin of the carapace just inside the posterior

is
a small fold of skin on either side, similar to that found in

The second thorax segment does not fill the entire space
the male.
between the posterior lobes of the carapace, but leaves an interval

on either side as in the male.
The first dorsal plates appear as lateral lobes on the sides of this
segment. The third segment a little more than fills the space between
these lateral lobes of the second segment and overlaps them on either
side.
At this stage there is no
trace of dorsal plates on the
third segment.
The fourth thorax segment is

wider than the third and slightly
wider than the genital segment,
and the dorsal plates on
ap-
it
pear as large circular lobes at
its
posterior corners.
The genital segment is subquadrangular, with slight rounded projections at the posterior
corners and no
median posterior
sinus.
The abdomen
is
nearly half
the width of the genital segment

and projects for its entire length
behind
the
latter;
the
anal
laminae are triangular and armed

with short and weak nonplumose
spines.
The swimming
legs are
like those of the adult in every
particular except size
Fig. 13. a c;h.4.limus of Perissopus communis,

one-third larger than the one in fir. 11.
12).
(fig.
All
the other appendages also
are
the
same save the mouth
tube; this
and
is
broader at the
closely resembles the
tip
form
seen in the metanauplius.
The flexible lips have not yet rolled in around the mandibles and
given the tube its final stiletto shape.
Total length, 3 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 1.35 mm.;
width, 1.72 mm.; length of free segments, 0.72 mm.; length of genital
segment, 0.77 mm.; width of same, 0.78 mm.
(2) The second chalimus, 4 mm. in length, differs from the first
chiefly in the shortening of the posterior lobes of the carapace; in the
development of the dorsal plates on the free thorax segments and
the relative shortening of the segments themselves in the enlarging
of the genital segment and the formation of a deep and wide sinus
;
PA RASJTIC COPEPODS WILSON.

in the center of its posterior border,
and
843
in the partial migration of
segment so that
can be seen in dorsal view (fig. 13). This migration is apparent and not real; what actually happens is that the
dorsal surface of the genital segment grows back over the abdomen,
so that the latter appears to have moved forward along the ventral
the
abdomen
to the ventral surface of the genital
only a portion of
it
surface of the former.
Total length, 4 mm.; length of carapace on midline, 1.66

width, 2.1 mm.; length of free
mm.;
mm.; length
segment, 1.40 mm.;
segments, 0.75
of genital
width, 1.5
(3)
mm.
The third chalimus has
practically
adult
the
form;
there has been a still further

shortening of the posterior
lobes of the carapace and a
corresponding widening of the
carapace
The
itself (fig. 14).
dorsal plates
now
cover
the entire surface of the free
segments and overlap well

onto the genital segment; the
posterior portion of the
and third pairs
is
first
distinctly
toothed.
There has been a further

shortening
of
the
free
seg-
ments and a further enlarging

of the genital segment, while
the median posterior sinus of

the latter has narrowed and
deepened.
Fig.
a chalimus of Perissoi-us
The abdomen has been enfully developed.
tirely covered by the backward growth of the genital segment, so that the only thing which
can be now seen in dorsal view is the tips of the anal laminte, and
communis,
14.
they are seen through the posterior sinus of the genital segment.
The reproductive organs are now well formed in the genital segment, especially those which have to do with the receiving and
It is probable, therefore, that the sexes come
together immediately at the close of this chalimus period, before
the female has become permanently fixed.
storing of the sperm.
mm.; length of carapace on mid line, 2.05 mm.;

mm.; length of free segments, 0.75 mm.; length of gen-
Total length, 4.5

width, 2.95
ital
segment,
1.8
mm. width of
;
same, 2.6
mm.
344
vol.
xxxm.
SUMMARY.
The
life
history of the genera belonging to this subfamily
to that of the Caliginse
and Euryphorinae except
is
similar
in the following
particulars
(1)
The pigment which develops in the nauplii takes the form of a

mass rather than scattered spots, and is often so dense
large central
as to appear almost black.

(2)
The balancers
and
the Euryend of the

the nauplius, and point backward at an angle of about 45
are slender
cylindrical, as in
phorinse, but they are attached nearer to the posterior
body
of
to the central axis.

(3) In the metanauplii\s the first thorax segment is fused with the
carapace as in the Euryphorinae, but the first antennae are like those
of the adult and not dichotomously branched, nor even armed with
long plumose setge. The rami of the second maxillae are fused and
each consists of a stout basal joint tipped with a single spine. The
swimming legs are laminate, but the separate joints are long and
narrow, and they reach far back on the ventral surface.
(4) The chalimi are attached by frontal filaments, not single and
cylindrical as in the Caliginae, but double, each strand broad and
ribbon-like, the two strands stanchng side by side and only long,
enough to reach the fish's skin, and allow the frontal margin of the
chalimus's carapace to swing clear of it.
These filaments have no
enlargements at their bases like those seen in the Caliginae, but are
of uniform width throughout.
The frontal glands developing these
filaments are quadruple instead of double.
(5) The body form of the young female chalimus is almost exactly
the same as that of the adult Nogaus male, the carapace having
elongate posterior lobes, the free thorax segments being entirely distinct and almost uncovered by the dorsal plates, and the abdomen
projecting its entire length behind the genital segment.
We thus
have visible and convincing proof of the relationship of the two
sexes, and also of the fact that the female degenerates after becoming fixed.
(6) The appendages of the young chalimus are almost exactly like
those of the adult; the second maxillipeds have not yet attained
their proportionate size, but are small and the terminal joint is folded
over against the basal joint.
(7) In subsequent development the posterior lobes of the carapace
are shortened, the free thorax segments are telescoped together, and
the dorsal plates are developed to cover them; the genital segment
is increased in size, often becoming larger than the carapace, and in
this increase it grows gradually back over the abdomen, so that the
latter
comes
to
lie
on the ventral surface
pletely concealed in dorsal view.
of the former,
and
is
com-
PARASITIC COPEPOD& WILSON.
NO. 1573.
345
SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION.
The
first
thorax segment only fused with the head, the others free;
sexes quite dissimilar.
Female. Carapace short and well rounded; frontal plates distinct.

Eyes three in number, fused on the median line, the lenses arranged
in the form of a triangle.
One or more of the free thorax segments
furnished with paired dorsal plates; genital segment enlarged and
often covered with similar dorsal plates.
of these plates
and not capable
of
much
Body
stiff in
motion.
consequence
Abdomen
elongate,
often with lateral processes; anal laminae large and broad, with stout
plumose
Eggs numerous,
seta^.
uniseriate,
cases, visible for their entire length
Mouth-tube elongate and tapering
the body.
antl
borne in straight
and usually much longer than

to a sharp point; first
maxillas lacking, second pair simple flattened lamina?, tipped with
Second maxillipeds massive and nodose. All four pairs

biramose; some or all of them lamellar and destitute of
short claws.
of legs
plumose
setae.
Nogaus form. Carapace more elongate than

and produced posteriorly into better defined lateral
lo])es.
Free segments all well separated, of about the same length,
but diminishing regularly in width, and none of them furnished with
dorsal plates. Genital segment also without dorsal plates and enlarged but little.
Abdomen two-jointed; anal laminas large and
foliaceous, furnished with long and stout plumose setae.
The adult
males are as free swimmers as any of the Caliginae and move about
with as much ease over their host's body, thus affording a marked
contrast to the fixed females.
The young are attached by two broad
and ribbon-like filaments, placed side by side and very short.
Male.
typical
that of the female
KEY TO THE GENERA.

a.
Females,
first
thorax legs uniraiuose, the other pairs Itiramose; only two pairs
Pholidojms,
of dorsal plates
a.
Females,
all
of dorsal plates;
a.
c.
p. 347.
abdomen
one-jointed and wholly concealed in dorsal view,
b,
and armed with long plumose setffi; no

dorsal plates; abdomen one or two jointed, wholly visible
g.
b. Rami of all the legs with the same number of joints, and all armed with
long plumose sette
c.
b. Rami differing in the number of joints, and some or all of them destitute
of plumose setae, or even spines
_ d.
Four pairs of dorsal plates; first and third pairs median, second and fourth
pairs lateral; fourth pair on the genital segment, elongate, narrow, partly
Males,
all
four pairs of legs biramose
fused
c.
new genus name,
four jaairs of legs biramose; one, three, or four, but never two, pairs
single pair of
elongate, with a
.Lepimarrus Hesse, 1883,
p. 348.
small dorsal plates on the fourth segment; genital segment
deep posterior
incision;
al)domen unsegmented.
Demoleus Heller,
18(j5, p.
349.
346
d.
d.
vol. xxxiii.
Rami of second and third legs three-jointed, of first and fourth pairs twojointed; no setae on the fourth pair, those on the other pairs rudimentary
_ e.
Rami
of
first
three
pairs of
legs two-jointed,
with plumose
seta-:
fourth pair one-jointed, setae nonplumose

d.
Rami
second and third legs two-jointed;
of
exopods
of first pair one-jointed,
of fourth pair one-jointed;
endopods two-jointed.
Gangliopus Gerstaecker, 1854,
d.
Rami
of first
of
/.
and second legs two-jointed;
of third
p. 350.
and fourth pairs one-
jointed and very rudimentary; three pairs of dorsal plates.
Perissopus Steenstrup and I.iitken, 1861, p. 352.

(/.
e.
Rami
of third legs two-jointed, of all the other legs one-jointed, lamellar
and without spines or setse

Laminifcra Poche, 1902, p. 361.
Dorsal plates on fourth segment large, covering half the genital segment or
more; sixth segment not separated; exopods of second and third legs threejointed, all the other rami two-jointed.
e.
Echthrogaleiis Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861, p. 362.

Sixth segment distinctly separated as a median lobe or lamina, attached to
the posterior sinus of the genital segment, and armed with a pair of dorsal
plates
and a rudimentary pair
swimming
legs; both rami of the second and

Dinematura Latreille, 1829, p. 374.
Sixth segment distinctly separated as a rudimentary plate or lamina,
attached to the posterior sinus of the genital segment; anal laminae
transformed into horny conical processes; four pairs of dorsal plates, the
fourth on the genital segment
Pandarus Leach, 1816, p. 387.
No sixth segment; anal laminse normal; second and third thorax segments
fused inter se, and carrying a pair of good-sized lateral lolês; a single pair
of dorsal plates, on the fourth segment, close together, and with their bases
fused
Nesippus Heller, 1865, p. 424.
No sixth segment; anal laminiie normal; second and third segments distinct, with small lateral lobes; a single pair of dorsal plates, on the fourth
segment, feebly developed, and widely separated, their margins fringed
with hairs
Prosifies, new genus name, p. 439.
of
third legs three-jointed

/.
/.
/.
g.
g.
g.
Rami of all the swimming legs two-jointed

Rami of fourth legs one-jointed, of all the others two-jointed
One or Itoth rami of the second and third legs three-jointed,
two-jointed
h.
An
Ic.
posterior lobe; both the fifth
and sixth
two-jointed, the joints equal
on the genital segment;

Pandanis Leach, 1816, p. 387.
legs visi])le
Second maxillipeds not swollen, with ordinary terminal claws; anal laminse
very large; no legs visible dorsally on the genital segment.
Demoleus Heller, 1865, p. 349.
h. Second maxillipeds much swollen, with a long terminal claw; anal laminse
medium size; no legs on the genital segment, or but one pair.
Perissopus Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861, p. 352.
Free thorax segments two or three times as wide as long; fourth segment the
longest; no legs visible on the genital segment; abdomen one-jointed.
Nesippus Heller, 1865, p. 424.
Free thorax segments orbicular, all about the same width, second segment the
longest, with large lateral wings; genital segment with one pair of legs at the
posterior corners; abdomen two-jointed, basal joint the larger.
Gangliopus Gerstaecker, 1854, p. 350.
h.
i.
i.
of all the others
accessory lobe on the posterior margin of the carapace just inside each
abdomen
i.
h.
PARASITIC COPEPOD:^ WILSON.
NO. 1573.
i.
Free thorax segments
-n-ider
347
than long: second segment the longest, with
small lateral wings: alidomen two-jointed, terminal joint the larger.

Pcrissopus Steenstrup and Liitken,
k.
Exopods only
fourth segment lunate,
three-jointed:
fitting
18(il. p. .352.
down over
the genital segment

1-.
Echthrogaleus Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861. p. 362.

Both rami three-jointed fourth segment orbicular, not overlapping the
:
genital segment
Dinemaiiira Latreille. 1829, p. 374.
PHOLIDOPUS,
Lepidopus Dana, 1852,
Perissopus
p. 1373. pi.
nevs^
xcv,
Steenstrup and Lutken,
figs.
genus name.
5 a
k.
1861, p. 394 ipart
i,
Bassett-Smith, 1899,
p. 468 (part).
First
thorax segment joined with the head to form the

subquadrangiilar and widest posteriorly. Second
and third thorax segments fused, and furnished with a single pair of
Female.
carapace, which
is
Fourth segment free and armed ^^-ith

Genital segment wider and longer
than the carapace, its posterior margin bilobed. the two halves evenly
rounded like the two pairs of dorsal plates on the free segments.
large,
rounded dorsal
plates.
a similar pair of dorsal plates.
Abdomen
minute, attached to the ventral surface of the genital seglittle distance in front of the posterior margin, so as to
be wholly concealed in dorsal view. Anal laminae short, tipped with
small spines. Frontal plates well differentiated and larger than in
the other Pandarina^.
Second antenna^ three-jointed and uncinate,
the terminal hook considerably longer than the basal jomts, sickleshaped and armed with two rows of teeth along its inner margin.
^h)uth-tube long and slender, as in Pandarus; mandibles with a
straight tip, and the inner margin serrulate.
Second maxillie close
to the base of the mouth-tube, composed of tw(^ short, well-rounded
joints terminated by a small and nearly straight spine.
Termmal
joint of second maxillipeds widened and flattened into a broad lamina,
covered with scales on its ventral surface, each scale terminating in
First swimmmg legs slender, uniramose, and threea minute spme.
jointed, the terminal joint armed with five short setae.
Second, third,
and fourth sN\'imming legs biramose second pair with slender basal
segments and two-jointed rami; tliird and fourth pairs with the basal
segments broadly lamellar, and the rami minute, rudimentary, onejointed processes attached to the posterior edges of these lamellag;
setae all very short.
Xothmg is kno\\Ti of the egg cases or eggs.
ment some
Male.
Unknown
(l)oXi5, a scale, and rrov;, foot.)

The new name given above is suggested in place of Dana's Lepidopus,
which was preoccupied in 1770 by Gouan for a genus of fishes. That
tliis is a valid genus and not a sjmonym for Perissopus, as suggested
by Steenstrup and Liitken in 1861, by Brady in 1883, and again by
Bassett-Smith in 1899, can be readily seen by the following com-
(Pholidopus,
parison
PnOCEEtolNGS of the national MV8EVM.
348
In Perissopus there are three free thorax
VOL. XXXIII.
each carrying a
second
median, while the third extends entirely across the body; the genital segment is squarely truncated posteriorly, with sharp spines at
the corners; the second antennae are short, with a small terminal
claw; all four pairs of s%vimming legs are biramose, with enlarged and
lamellar basal joints; rami of the third and fourth pairs minute and
rudimentary, the exopod diifering from the endopod, and the third
joints,
pair of dorsal plates, of wliich the first pair
is
lateral, the
pair from the fourth pair.
In Pholidopus, on the contrary, the second and third thorax segments are fused together, and carry but a single pair of dorsal plates,
which are like those on the fourth segment, extending entirely across
the body; the genital segment is incised at the center posteriorly,
each side being evenly rounded in a semicircle, without any spines;
the second antenna? have short basal joints, Math a very long sickleshaped terminal claw, set with two rows of teeth; the first pair of
legs is uniramose and three-jointed, the other pairs are biramose; but
the basal joints of the first two pairs are narrow and slender, not
lamellar; the last two pairs have lamellar basal joints, but all of their
rami are just alike and armed ^\'ith spines at their tips.
Genus
LEPIMACRUS
Lepimacrus jourdaini Hesse, 1883, p.
Hesse.
6, pi. iv, figs.
8-17.
Hesse described, in the above reference, a new genus and species

based upon a single female specimen obtained from LaTnna cornubica.
The species has never been seen by any other writer, so that Hesse's
description is all the knowledge we have of it.
And although this
description is faulty and the figures give us few reliable details, yet
enough is shown to determine with reasonable certainty that the specimen really represented a new genus. Consequently it is here included
and is differentiated as well as possible from the other genera in
the following diagnosis.
Female.
Carapace
slightly emarginate;
together.
Four
elliptical,
rather pointed anteriorly, the sides
frontal plates prominent;
eyes small and close
pairs of dorsal plates on the thorax 'segments, first
and third pairs median, second and fourth pairs
lateral.
First
two
pairs subquadrangular; first pair fused at the base but separated for
most
by
a broad sinus second pair widely separated,

Last two pairs narrow and elongate; third pair
separated at their bases but meeting at their tips on the midline;
fourth pair on the genital segment, each plate semilunar, the convex
sides toward each other and fused for some distance at the center.
The tips of these plates are divergent; they project far behind the
of their length
even at their bases.
genital
segment and are armed
^\dth stout spines;
abdomen
small, one-
NO. 1573.
849
and concealed beneath the genital segment; mouth- tube, appendages, and adhesion pads similar to those in other Pandarids.
Male. Unknown.
{Lejnmacrus, XsttIs, a scale, and j.iaKpog, long, referring to the
jointed,
long and narrow dorsal plates on the genital segment.)
Genus
DEMOLEUS
Caligus paradoxus Otto, 1828, p. 352, pi. xxii,
Heller.
figs. 5, G.
Steenstrup and Lutkex, 1861, p. 386,

Demoletts paradoxus Heller, 1865, p. 199, pi. xix, fig. 3.
Nofjagiwi grandis
pi. x, fig. It.
In 1828 Otto described the male and female of a new species of

copepod parasite which he named Caligus paradoxus. The male had
the t}'7:)ical Nogaus form, but was much larger than other species,
being 12.5
mm.
in length.
In 1865 Heller rediscovered the female
and made it the tiê of a new genus, wliichhe called

Demoleus, and for which he gave the following genus diagnosis:
of Otto's species
Cephalothorax emarginate posteriorly, two following segments free, fourth segment

with dor.=!al plates (in the female); frontal plates prominent, first antennae partly concealed by them, two-jointed. All the legs biramose, rami two-jointed, armed with
plumose setae, those of the first and fourth pairs minute, of the second and third pairs
lamellar and enlarged. Genital segment elongate, abdomen very short, not jointed,
covered with a foliaceous dorsal lamina, appendages large. Male of the tj^îcal Nogagu3 form.
With
this description
and Heller
to guide us
and the excellent
we can
figures published
by Otto
form Nogagus
1861 from two
locate in this genus the
described by Steenstrup and Ltitken in

specimens obtained in the warmer portion of the Atlantic, the definite
grandis,
locality
and host not given.
At the conclusion
of their description
these authors suggest: ''If Dinematura ferox and Nogagus grandis
come from the same localitj^ they might well be

the male and female of the same species" (p. 387).
But in this they are mistaken, because neither the carapace, the
fourth thorax segment, the swimming legs, nor the abdomen correcould be proved to
spond with those found in Dinematura males, for the carapace in

Dinematura is wider and its lateral margins are more strongly convex;
the third segment is considerably larger, and the fourth segment carries a pair of rudimentar}* dorsal plates, which are entirely lacking
The genital segment is relatively much wider in
this Nogagus.
Dinematura, and has no posterior lobes; the abdomen is very much
narrower and two-jointed, with the joints equal. But the essential
difference is found in the swunming legs; in Dinematura males the
rami of the second and third pairs are three-jointed like those of the
female, while here in Nogagus grandis all the rami are two-jointed.
Furthermore, a careful comparison of this species \\'ith Otto's tjê
male of Caligus paradoxus show the two to be identical.
350
vol.
xxxm.
They differ from all the other Nogaus types here given in their size,
being from 13 to 16.5 mm. in length; in the relative size of the third
thorax segment, which is much the smallest of the three free segments;
in the semilunar shape of the fourth segment; in the segmentation
of the abdomen, each joint of which is considerably wider than long,
and in the huge size of the anal laminse, which, however, are armed
with very small and rudimentary setae. These considerations render
it fairly certain that Nogagus grandis is the male of Demoleus jMra-
we may
doxus, and
revise the genus diagnosis as follows to include
both sexes:
Female.
Carapace
orbicular, about one-third the entire length;
narrow and distinct eyes close together. Second and

third thorax segments of the same width and just filling the space
between the posterior lobes of the carapace; second segment with
small lateral lobes; fourth segment less than half the width of the
other two, and carrying a pair of small dorsal plates. Genital segment
elongate, more than twice as long as wide, deeply incised posteriorly,
with evenly rounded lobes. Sixth segment separated in the form of
a circular plate concealed between the genital segment and the abdomen. Abdomen minute, triangular, and entirely concealed in dorsal
view; anal lamina? very large, projecting beyond the posterior margin
of the genital segment, but armed with small and rudimentary setae.
Second antennae small, with a weak terminal claw; second maxillipeds
with a medium-sized claw. All the swimming legs biramose, the rami
two-jointed and armed with plumose setae; basal joints of the first
and fourth pairs small, of the second and third pairs enlarged and
frontal plates
lamellar.
Male.
Egg-strings looped once so as to give three strands.
Carapace similar to that of the female, about half the entire
length; a pair of minute accessory lobes on the posterior border, just

Lateral lobes on second thorax segment
inside the posterior lobes.
segment without dorsal plates. Gensegment elongate, with short and well-rounded posterior lobes,
but with no legs visible in dorsal view. Abdomen two-jointed,
terminal joint the wider; anal laminae huge, but armed as in the
female with small and rudimentary setae. Second maxillipeds not
much swollen and armed with ordinary terminal claws. All the
swimming legs biramose, the rami two-jointed and armed wîth large
plumose setae.
{DeTnoleus, a Greek slain by ^neas before Troy.)
like those in the female; fourth

ital
Genus
GANGLIOPUS
Gerstaecker.
Gangliopus pyriformis Gerstaecker, 1854, p. 192, pi. vii, figs. 9-16.

Nogagus angustulus Gerstaecker, 1854, p. 193, pi. vii, figs. 17, 18.
Both sexes of this genus were obtained together from the gill
arches of a shark captured on the west coast of Africa, and were
He recognized the female as the
described by Gerstaecker in 1854.
NO. 1573.
351
type of a new genus which he named Gangliopus, but he classed the

male with the genus " Nogagus," and gave it the name N. angustulus.
The fact that they were found together did not suggest to Gerstaecker
that they might be male* and female of the same species, but such
seems to be the case as evidenced by the following facts
(1) Negative evidence: Each of the two forms is different from the
other types of its own sex which belong to this subfamily. Tliis is a
necessary preliminary for the formation of any new genus, and the
male should differ as well as the female, as we find it actually does
in the present instance.
The frontal plates and first antennge are very

two forms; the carapace is relatively longer in the male,
but this is what would naturally be expected. In both sexes the
carapace is narrowed posteriorly.
Each sex shows three free thorax segments, diminisliing in size
backward m the female they are armed with dorsal plates, but these
are lackmg in the male, which carries but a single pair of lateral lobes
on the first segment.
The genital segment in each is enlarged and quadrangular; it is
emarginate m the female and carries a pair of posterior lobes m the
male. The four anterior pairs of legs are biramose, the rami of the
(2)
Positive evidence:
similar in the
first tliree
sizes are
species,
pairs two-jointed, the fourth pa^'r one-jointed.
what would be expected m the male and female

9 mm. in the female and 7.5 mm. in the male.
The
relative
of the
same
In view of these facts ^^ Nogagus angustulus^'' may be regarded

with considerable certainty as the male of Gangliopus jniriformis and
we shall have the following genus diagnosis for both sexes.
Female. Carapace obovate, strongly narrowed posteriorly; the
lateral areas divided by transverse grooves as in EcTitlirogaleus.
Frontal plates prominent; posterior lobes short and triangular. A
pair of small dorsal plates on each of the three free segments, all
lateral, the first pair with a wide interval between their bases, the other
two pairs meeting on the mid-line. Genital segment somewhat enSixth
larged, quadrangular, with evenly rounded posterior corners.
thorax segment well separated and carrying a pair of rudimentary legs
as in Dinematura.
Abdomen small and square, attached by one
corner to the sixth segment; anal laminjp minute, attached to the
lateral corners of the abdomen, and destitute of set or spmes.
Swimming legs all biramose, rami small and laminate, those of the
first
three pairs two-jointed, of the fourth pair one-jointed.
Rami
two pairs armed with adhesion pads; exopods all carrying

nonplumose spines, endopods naked. Egg- tubes narrow and
of the first
short,
twice as long as the bod}".

Male.
Carapace obovate-elliptical;
terior lobes long, narrow,
frontal plates prominent; pos-
and pointed.
Free segments transversely
352
elliptical
sized
vol. xxxiii.
and widely separated, the first one carrying a pair of goodGenital segment subquadrangular, with short
lobes.
lateral
and acute posterior
lobes.
Abdomen
larger; anal laminae large, each
two-jointed, the basal joint the
armed with four plumose setse. Apthe swimming legs biramose, the first
pendages as in the female: all

three pairs of rami two-jointed, the fourth pair one-jointed.
(Gangliopus, yayyXiov, a tumor or swelling, and Trovg,
foot,
swollen-footed.)
Neither of these forms has been seen
since Gerstaecker first de-
scribed them, and there are several points with reference to their
anatomy which need explanation.

In the female the exopod of the
first
swimming
legs
is
represented
and the endopod as two-jointed. But the arrangement of the spines on the exopod shows clearl}^ that it is at least a
And a more careful examination of fresh matefusion of two joints.
rial would probably show that it is imperfectly segmented; accordAgain, Gerstaecker says
ingly it has been given here as two-jointed.
that the abdomen of the female is two-jointed, and that the basal
Such appendjoint carries at its posterior corners two oval laminae.
ages are not found on any Caligid, but their interpretation becomes
easy if we regard them as rudimentary legs like those in Dinematura.
Wliat he calls the basal joint of the abdomen will thus become
the sixth thorax joint, well separated from the genital segment as in
He does not mention any dorsal plate for this
several other species.
sixth segment, but such a plate might be easily overlooked when it
was concealed between the genital segment and abdomen. The similar plate which exists in Echthrogaleus has escaped detection up to
as one-jointed
the present time.
For the male nothing is said in the text about the swimming legs
and all information has to be taken from the figure given, which,
however, does not show either the first or second pairs. Accordingly
we have to fall back upon the supposition that these are the same
as in all the Nogaus species or Gerstaecker would have noted the
This method is not very scientific, but it is all we have at
difference.
present.
Genus PKRISSOPUS Steenstrup and

Perissopus dentatus,
Steenstrup and Lutkbn,
Carapace
Liitken.
1861, p. 393, pi. xii,
fig.
25.
wider than long, narrowed anteriorly; postesometimes almost lacking. Frontal plates narrow
but distinct, with a broad and well defined median incision. Eyes
three in number, placed nearly in a row, the middle one the smaller.
Three free thorax segments, each with a pair of dorsal plates, the
first pair lateral and oblique, the second median and nearly horizontal, the third the largest, extending entirely across the body.
Female.
rior lobes short,
NO. 1573.
353
segment considerably larger than the carapace, evenly

rounded anteriorly, but almost squarely truncated posteriorly, with
short and acute spines at the corners and a wide median incision.
Fifth legs some distance from the margin on the ventral surface.
Abdomen small and entirely hidden in dorsal view; anal laminsB
Terminal joints
also small, with very short and nonplumose spines.
with a rough
fleshy,
reniform,
of the second maxillipeds enlarged and
third
and
fourth pairs
biramose;
rami
of
Legs all
scaly surface.
longer than
and
nmch
Egg-strings
narrow
minute and rudimentary.
the body.
Genital
Male.
Carapace,
including the posterior lobes, elliptical, slightly
longer than wide, narrowed anteriorly; posterior lobes long and narrow; posterior margin between the lobes nearly straight. Eyes three
Free thorax
in a row, the median one much smaller than the others.
segments about the same length, diminishing regidarly in width.
Genital segment small, sub quadrangular, with the fifth legs very
prominent at the posterior corners. Abdomen large, one-jointed;
Second
anal laminae large and armed with long plumose setae.
antennae larger than in the female, but with the adhesion pad much
reduced in size. Second maxillipeds with a stout, curved, terminal
claw shutting down against a pair of corrugated knobs as in Pandarus.
Swimming legs all biramose, rami of fourth pair indistinctly segmented, of the other pairs two-jointed.
{Perissopus, Trepiffffoc;, more than the regular mimber or size, and
TTovs, foot, alluding to the enlarged
second maxillipeds.)
KEY TO THE SPECIES.

a.
second pair not meeting at the mid(Chlamys) incisus Van Beneden, 1892, p. 354.
the thorax plates bilobed; second and third pairs meeting at the mid-
First pair of dorsal thorax plates bilobed
line; third pair fused

a.
None
line,
b.
of
b.
but not fused
Carapace about half the size of the genital segment; its posterior lobes
narrow, long, and overlapping the first dorsal plates; rami of third legs
fused into a semicircular plate.
b.
dentatus Steenstrup and Lutken,'^1861, p. 353.

Carapace more than four-fifths as large as the genital segment, its posterior
lobes very short and wide; rami of third legs distinct and similar to those
communis Rathbun,
of the third pair
1887, p. 354.
This genus Perissopus was established by Steenstrup and Liitken

in 1861 for a species which they named P. dentatus, and for which
they gave the following genus diagnosis:
Cephalothorax undivided; abdominal segments free, carrying four or six dorsal
segment enlarged and a little widened, covering the short tail and the
caudal stylets; abdominal feet destitute of plumose setse, rami of first and second pairs
(at least in P. dentatus) two-jointed, the other rami not joiiited, very rudimentary.
plates; genital
Male unknown.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii07
23
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL IIUSEUM.
354
vouxxxin.
They wished to inchide in the same genus Dana's Lepidopus, and the
above diagnosis was evidently made out with that in view.
And they also gave two species diagnosis, one for their new species
dentatus, and the other for Dana's species armatus.
But in this they were mistaken, for Dana's genus Lepidopus can
not be identified with Perissopus for reasons already mentioned (see
This leaves the genus with the original type species dentatus,
p. 848).
the new species, communis, established by Rathbun in 1887, and a
third species, incisus, described in 1892.
In that year Van Beneden published an account of a copepod parasite belonging to the present subfamily, which he made the type of a
new genus, called Ohlamys. He recognized its resemblance to Dana's
Lepidopus, but was either unacquainted with, or had forgotten
Steenstrup and Liitken's genus Perissopus, which it resembles even
more closely. In fact there is little doubt that it is a species of Perissopus, as Bassett-Smith has suggested (1899, p. 468), and as such it
The only doubt as to its identity is found
is here included in the key.
characteristic of Beneden's figures and
details
in the utter confusion of
view
of the female (Plate II, fig. 3) he
his
ventral
descriptions. In
as
uniramose and two-jointed, while
legs
the
first
swimming
pictures
with
all the rami one-jointed.
In
pairs
are
biramose,
three
the other
legs
he
shows
them
all
birathese
same
figure
(fig.
of
enlarged
the
9)
mose, each endopod one-jointed, and each exopod two-jointed. His
description in the text (pp. 230 and 231) agrees with this last figure,
except for the fourth legs, of which he says: "La quatrieme paire de
In the face of such flat contradictions,
pattes n'est pas biramee."
one has to be guided chiefly by the general makeup of the body and
the relation of its regions. These are so similar to those of Perissopus
as to leave no doubt of generic identity.
PERISSOPUS COMMUNIS
Rathbun.
Plates XVII and XVIII.

Perissopus communis
Rathbun,
1887, p. 560, pis. xxix,
xxx.
Perissopus dentahcs (part) Bassett-Smith, 1899, p. 468.
Female. Carapace semielliptical, narrowed but little anteriorly,

widest at or near the posterior angles lateral margins slightly convex,
sometimes nearly straight; posterior lobes short and angular; posterior margin straight or slightly concave, sometimes wdth a small spine
;
either side.
Frontal plates narrow but distinct, frontal margin
nearly straight, with a broad and shallow median incision. Eyes
usually invisible in the adult, but distinct in the young, three in num-
on
ber and arranged in a transverse row, the central one slightly behind
and a little smaller than the other two. Visible portion of the dorsal
plates of the second thorax segment standing out at an angle of 45
to the central axis, and elliptical in outline, the longer diameter nearly
PA RASITIC COPEFODS WILSON.

twice the length of the shorter one.
The outer margin
355
of these plates
pads of the second niaxillipeds,

so that if removed from the body the plates are found to be spindle
shaped, pointed at either end, about twice as long as wide and
attached nearly at the center of the inner margin, leaving both ends
free.
A wide space between the bases of these plates and behind tire
posterior margin of the carapace is left uncovered or with a small cen
really extends forward to the reniforni
tral plate, as in some Pandarus species.

Dorsal plates of the third
thorax segment smaller than the first pair, also elliptical, but nearly
horizontal or only slightly oblique, with their tips meeting and often
overlapping a little on the mid-line. Dorsal plates of the third pair
considerably enlarged, circular and extending across the entire width
of the body, their inner margins overlapping on the mid-line, their
posterior margins reaching some distance over the genital segment.
The posterior margins of the first and third pairs of plates are scalloped, the points ending in short and sharp teeth; the margins of the
second pair of plates are smooth. Genital segment about the same
size as the carapace, evenly rounded anteriorly, its lateral margins
convex, its posterior margin cut obliquely on either side, with small
and sharp spines at the posterior corners and a wide and deep median
sinus.
The margin between the sinus and the corner spine on either
side has a double or S-shaped curve, sweeping backward at the side
of the sinus and forward close to the spine.
Abdomen small and plump, a little longer than wide, barrel-shaped,
one-jointed, and entirely concealed beneath the genital segment.
Anal lamina? short, triangular, and armed with minute and irregular
First antennae small and two-jointed, the basal joint heavily,
spines.
the terminal joint lightly, armed with setse.
The basal joint is much
wider than the terminal ami twice as long, and its tip reaches well
beyond the margin of the frontal plate. Second antennas also small
and weak, the terminal claw as long as the rest of the appendage, but
slender and not very strongly curved.
Adhesion pads much smaller
than in Pandarus, the first pair ovate, their long diameter inclined
outward and forward at an angle of 45 to the body axis, the second
pair much smaller, circular, and at the very base of the second
antennjE, on the ventral surface of the carapace, so that they can not
be lowered against the fish's skin as in Pandarus.
Mouth-tube and mandibles of the usual form for this subfamily;
second maxillge lamellar, each tipped with a long and narrow spine.
In other genera these lamellae are attached along a line at right angles
to the body axis, or one inclined outward and backward, so that the
appendages when at rest against the surface of the carapace are

with the mouth-tube or turn inward and overlap it. But in
the present genus the line of attachment is inclined backward and
inward, parallel with the tapering margin of the mouth-tube, so that
parallel
356
vol. xxxiii.
when turned down against the carapace, the appendage

directly away from the proboscis nearly at right angles.
points
First maxillipeds of the usual pattern, the terminal claws rather

stout, the external one considerably longer
than the internal. Second

maxillipeds swollen and fleshy, the terminal joint enlarged into a huge
kidney-shaped adhesion pad, destitute of pinchers, knobs, or claws.
This pad has exactly the same structure as those at the bases of the
antennae; the adhesion surface is tough and leathery, is surrounded by
a raised margin, and is minutely corrugated and irregularly furrowed,
but shows no traces of scales or anything of the sort even under a onetwelfth oil immersion lens.
Opposite these large second maxillipeds
the laterar margin of the carapace on either side is raised into a large
spherical knob on the ventral surface, pointing downward and inward
toward the base of the maxilliped, and even in contact with the latter
in preserved specimens.
Swimming legs all biramose, each ramus of the first two pairs
and of the fourth

Exopods each armed
distinctly two-jointed, of the third pair partially,
pair almost wholly, fused into a single joint.
with stout spines, of the same number and similarly arranged, one at
the outer distal corner of the proximal joint and four in a row across
the end of the distal joint.
Endopods with portions of the surface
covered with minute papillae or spines. Outside of each exopod in
the tlu-ee posterior pairs is a small rounded knob, like a rudimentary
third ramus, bearing on its summit a long and flexible spine.
The basal joints of each pair of legs are subrectangular in outline
and increase rapidly in size from in front backward, those of the
fourth pair being fully eight times the size of the first. In the first
two pairs these basal joints are attached by their anterior margins, in
the tliird pair
by
the antero-interior corners, and in the fourth pair
by
the centers, of the interior margins, the rami in each case being borne
on the posterior margins.
In
all
the exopods the basal joint
siderably larger than the terminal; in the endopods of the
is
first
con-
and
second pairs the terminal joint is the larger, whils i i the third and
fourth pairs it is reduced to a mere knob on the side of the basal joint.
The iifth legs consist of a long papilla, broadly triangular at the base
and strongly flattened, attached to the ventral surface of the genital
segment halfway between the lateral margin and the mid-line, and
armed with three slender spines.
Of the reproductive organs each egg tube is coiled once in the
genital segment, and each of the three strands of the coil runs the
entire length of the segment and fills its side out to the lateral margin.
The vulva or oviduct opening is at the tip of a raised rectangular
papilla, situated close to the base of the abdomen on either side.
The spermatophores are club-shaped, narrow and elongate, and
apparently jointed at the center. They are attached just outside the
PARASITIC COPEPODS- WILSON.
NO. 1573.
357
vulva papilla, in the angle between it and the ventral surface of the
segment on either side, and their duct empties on the same
side without crossing the mid-line, as in Pandarus.
Semen receptacle globular, a little wider than long and just in
front of the base of the abdomen; its anterior margin is evenly
rounded, its posterior one is split at the center, dividing the receptacle
into two conical, widely divergent branches, which run out into the
vulva papilla on either side and there open into the oviduct. Cement
glands almost invisible in preserved material, the only tiling that
could be made out with reference to them being their position on
either side of and close to the mid-line, and their general shape that of
parentheses marks.
External egg-sacs slender, one and a half to two times as long as
the entire body; eggs small, strongly flattened and numerous, with
very little pigment.
Total length 4 mm. Length of carapace 1.5 mm. Width 1.9 mm.
Length of genital segment L6 mm. Width of same l.S mm. Length
genital
of egg-strings 6 to 8
mm.
Color a light yellowish white, without pigment, often turning
brown
in alcohol.
{coiriTnunis,
Male.
common).
No adult male has everTêen obtained, not merely for
this
but for the whole genus. Two fidly developed chalimus

males, however, were obtained in company with chalimus females
and young adults on a smooth dog-fish captured September 2, 1904,
at Woods Hole. The following is a description of these males and
would be correct for the adults except in size.
Carapace, including the posterior lobes, forming an ellipse, strongly
narrowed anteriorly, its lateral margins moderately convex. Posterior lobes long and narrow and ]:)luntly rounded at the tip posterior margin between the lobes nearly straight, with the rudiments
of accessory lobes on either side.
Eyes large and prominent, a little
in front of the center and close together, but not in actual contact.
Frontal lobes large and prominent, narrow at the center but broad
at the outer ends, where they cover most of the basal joints of the first
antennae.
Free thorax segments diminishing regularly in width
backward, the fourth one the same width as the genital segment, the
first one considerably narrower than the distance between the posterior lobes of the carapace, leaving a wide open space on either side.
Lateral processes of this first segment long, large, and curved outward
species,
at the tips.
Genital segment
oblong, the anterior margin nearly straiglit, the

margins evenly rounded, the posterior margin concave.
The fifth legs appear as large and prominent papillae at the posterolateral corners, about one-fifth of the distance in front of the posterior
lateral
358
vol.
xxxm.
margin. It must be rem.embered that this is still a chalimus, and in

the subsequent development of the genital segment these fifth legs
may become partially or even wholly concealed on the ventral surface.
The large spherical sperm receptacles can be seen in the posterior
portion of the segment, just in front of the fifth legs.
Abdomen half as wide as the genital segment, one-jointed; anal
laminae small, triangular, each tipped with four large setse, three
close together at the inner corner, and one removed a little distance at
the outer corner. Outside of the latter there is also a minute spine.
Appendages similar to those of the female, the second antennae somewhat larger, the terminal claw stouter and carrying an accessory
claw on its ventral surface.

The adhesion pads at the bases of these antennae are reduced still
more in size, and might easily be overlooked unless sought for particuThe second maxillipeds are radically changed from the padlarly.
form of the female and are tipped with a stout claw, well curved,
which shuts down against a pair of corrugated cushions as in PandaSwimming legs all biramose, the rami of the first three pairs
rus.
two-jointed, of the fourth pair one-jointed. But from the arrangement of the spines and the indentation of the margins these fourth
rami are each evidently a fusion of two joints, and possibly become as
fully two-jointed in later development as in Pandarus.
The number and arrangement of the spines and setaa are as follows
First exopod 1,0; 4,111: endopodO,0; 0,111: second exopod 1,1; 4,V:
endopod 0, 1; 0, V: third exopod 1, 1; 3, V: endopod 0, 1; 0, V: fourth
exopod 1,0; 3, V: endopod 0, 1; 0, IV.
length of carapace, including lobes, 1.7 mm.;
length
of free thorax segments, 0.92 mm.; length
width, 1.55 mm.;
Color a
of genital segment, 0.56 mm.; length of abdomen, 0.4 mm.
Total length, 3
mm.;
white without pigment.

Chalimus. Female chalimi were secured in three different stages of
development, which have already been described under the ontogeny
It only remains here to emphasize their specific charac(see p. 340).
of the three is exactly the same length as the male
smallest
The
ters.
The simijust described, but is in an earlier stage of development.
affords
and
adults,
in
the
than
closer
two
is
much
the
larity between
light yellowish
a striking proof that they are really the two sexes of the same species.
of this female chalimus is almost exactly like that of the
male, its posterior lobes being long and well rounded, very different
The carapace
from their shape in the adult. The frontal plates are also much more
prominent than in the adult female, and are like those of the male.
The eyes are visible in both sexes, are of the same size, and similarly
placed.
Again, the second, third, and fourth thorax segments are visibly
young female, and are remarkably like those in the male.
free in this
NO. 1573.
359
segment are just starting and correspond

same segment in the male. The
second pair of plates have not started, while the third pair appear as
two broad and short lobes on the fourth segment.
The genital segment is comparatively wider in the female, and the
fifth legs are on the ventral surface instead of at the posterior corners.
The abdomen is visible for its entire length behind the genital segment
and is very similar to that of the male, having only a single joint. The
anal lamina? are also similar, and w^hile the spines on them are nonplumose and very short, they are arranged similarly to those in the
The
lateral plates of the first
closely to the lateral processes of the
male.
The appendages in this young female, liowever, are like those of the
same sex. The terminal joints of the second maxillipeds
They have not yet assumed the
are in the form of adhesion pads.
adult of the
reniform shape characteristic of the adult, but are otherwise the same.
legs are exactly like those in the adult female, as can be
The swimming
seen from
fig. 12, p.
341.
In the second chalimus, 4 mm. in length, we find the carapace

approaching the adult form. The posterior lobes have shortened, and
the carapace has widened. The free thorax segments have become
more compactly joined, and the dorsal plates are all of good size.
Those on the second segment, however, are now circular, and neither
they nor the third pair meet at the center, but leave a wide median
space between them (fig. 13, p. 342).
The genital segment has widened and approached more nearly to the
size of the carapace.
It has also grown backward over the abdomen,
so that the posterior margin of the latter is just even with that of the
former.
Much of the dorsal surface of the abdomen is still visible,
however, through the median sinus of the genital segment.
In the tliird chalimus, 4.5 mm. long, we find practically the same
structure as in the adult.
The carapace has widened and its posterior
The eyes have moved nearer the anterior

margin, and the frontal plates have become relatively much less
prominent. On the thorax segments the dorsal plates have increased
in size until they overlap on the mid-line, while the posterior margins
of the first and third pairs are handsomely scalloped (fig. 14, p. 343).
The genital segment has now become a little larger than the carapace, while the abdomen has entirely withdrawn beneath it so that
only the tips of the anal laminse are visible at the base of the median
lobes have shortened.
sinus.
'Sâriety stimpsoni: Carapace wedge-shaped, one and a half times
wider than long, strongly narrowed anteriorly as in dentatus, but
with the sides nearly straight instead of strongly convex, and with
very short posterior lobes. The under surface of the carapace shows
360
vol. xxxiii.
the same large raised knobs opposite the second maxilUpeds as in the
20 and 21).
widely separated, their posterior margins
reaching far l)ehind those of the second pair, and far outside the lateral
margins of the third pair. The posterior margins of the first and
third pairs of plates are not toothed in any of the specimens at hand.
Genital segment nmch larger than the carapace, a little wider than
long, the width greatest near the center and a little more than that
of the carapace.
Posterior angles reaching farther back than in the
typical form, making the posterior margin more squarely truncated;
median sinus narrow and shallowêr than in the type form. Appendages exactly like those of the type form except that they are larger.
Egg-strings relatively narrower than in the type forni and much
type species
(figs.
First pair of dorsal plates
longer.
Ten females belonging
to this variety were obtained
shark, Carcliarliinus ohscurus, at
preserved, and are of the
Woods
Hole.
They
from a dusky
are excellently
same
color as the type form, a light yellowish

developed females with egg-strings, are
all exactly alike, and differ from the type in the above particulars,
the most noticeable difference being the increase in size and in the
white.
They
are
all
fidly
length of the egg-strings.

Rathbun founded his variety on a single specimen which had been
many years and was of a dark brown color.

On comparing these fresh specimens with his, they
in alcohol
are found to
somewhat
larger, and
same color as the type instead of being browTi.
This species was established by Rathbun in 1887 upon six lots of
specimens obtained from four different hosts. Two additional lots
have since been obtained, one of which included the developmental
stages and was obtained from a new host.
The U. S. National Museum collection now includes the following:
From the dusky shark, Carcharhinus ohscurus, Cat. No. 12685 from
Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts; Cat. No. 8181 from Noank, Connecticut, and the variety stimpsoni, Cat. No. 4414 and Cat. No. 32775,
both from Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
agree in every particular of structure, but are

are of the
From
the sharp-nosed shark, Scoliodon
taken at Pensacola, Florida,
terrse-novse, Cat.
and Cat. No. 32776 taken
No. 6085,
at Beaufort,
From the blue shark, Carcharhinus milherti, Cat.

From the shovel-head shark,
No. 8180 taken at Woods Hole.
Reniceps tihuro, Cat. No. 8182 taken at St. Marys River, Florida.
From the smooth dog-fish, Mustelus canis, Gat. No. 32777 taken at
Woods Hole; this lot included the chalimi already described.
That this is a valid species and not a synonym of Perissopus
dentatus, as Bassett-Smith would have us believe, may be seen in the
following comparison
North Carolina.
NO. 1573.
361
In Perissopus dentatus the carapace is wedge-shaped, the posterior margin twice the width of the anterior, the posterior lobes onethird as long as the carapace on the mid-line; there are no lobes or
knobs on the ventral surface. The first pair of dorsal plates are
The
elliptical, not reaching forward to the bases of the first legs.
their
posteroattached
by
are
pairs
of
legs
two
the
first
joints
of
basal
interior corners, with the rami attached to their exterior margins.
of the third legs are fused into a single semicircular lamella
Rami of the fourth legs one-jointed
tipped with two minute spines.
exactly alike, but the exopod tipped with a single spine while the
The rami
endopod has none.

In Perissopus communis the carapace is semielliptical, scarcely
narrowed at all; the posterior lobes are less than one-seventh the
length of the carapace on the mid-line, and are often virtually eliminated; there is a large hemispherical knob on the ventral surface of
the carapace near the lateral margin on either side, opposite the
reniform pad of the second maxilliped. The first dorsal plates reach
forward to the base of the second maxillipeds. The basal joints of
the first two pairs of legs are attached by their anterior margins, with
the rami on the posterior margins. The exopods have each the same
number of spines similarly arranged, one on the exterior margin and
four in a row at the end; the rami of the third legs are as distinct as
those of the other pairs; the endopods of the third and fourth pairs
of legs are very different from the exopods.
Genus
Phyllophora
LAMINIFERA
Milxe Edwards,
1840, p. 471.
Poche.
(Phyllophora cornida
Milxe Ed-
WARD.S, 1840, p. 472, pi. XXXVIII, figs. 13, 14.^Bassett-Smith, 1899, p. 465.
Laminifera cornuta Poche, 1902, p. 8.)
Female.
Carapace
triangular,
narrowed and rounded anteriorly,
the lateral margins only moderately convex; posterior lobes ^^^dely

divergent, as long as the entire carapace on the mid-line, broad and
well rounded; posterior
margin between the lobes very narrow.
The
three pairs of dorsal plates on the thorax developed into overlapping

foliaceous wings, each pair considerably wider than the carapace.
The
first two pairs are ^\^dely divergent, like the posterior lobes of the
carapace, and just meet on the mid-line; the third pair are horizontal, their inner margins overlapping considerably.
Genital segment
quadrangular with rounded corners and a squarely truncated postemargin; sixth segment in the form of a dorsal rounded plate, as
in Pandarus.
Abdomen attached to the ventral surface of the genital segment, one-jointed, \\nth modified anal laminse attached to its
sides at the base, and a ventral plate as in Pandarus.
Appendages
rior
similar to those in the other Pandarinae; first antennae three-jointed;
second pair
much
enlarged, their terminal claws stout and not
much

362
curved, reaching back to the thorax.

little
and ending
basal joints of the
in short claws.
first
vol. xxxni.
Second maxilhpeds swollen but
All the
swimming
legs biramose;
and fourth pairs not united across the mid-line;
rami lamellar and destitute
of setse or spines, those of the third pair
two-jointed, of the other pairs one-jointed; fifth legs on the ventral

surface close to the base of the abdomen.
tle
longer than the body.

(Laminifera, lamina and
Male.
Length, 22.5
Egg-strings narrow, a
lit-
mm.
fero, to bear.)
Unknown.
This genus was founded by Milne Edwards in 1840 upon female

specimens obtained near Tongatabu; the host is not given, but was
probably a shark. Milne Edwards named the genus Phyllo'phora, but
this name had been preoccupied three times previously, for a genus of
birds in 1812, a genus of flies in 1838, and again for a genus of mammals in the same year; accordingly Poche suggested the name Laminifera in 1902.
Milne Edwards gives no genus diagnosis, but only a short descripfrom which and from the two excellent figures he published the
above diagnosis has been deduced. There is some doubt on one point,
and what are here given as the fifth legs may prove, on later investigation, to be the sixth pair, attached to a well difl"erentiated sixth
segment.
tion,
Genus
ECHTHROGALEUS
Steenstrup and Lutken.
Pandarus (part) Milne Edwards, 1833. Johnston, 1835.

Dinematura (part) Burmeister, 1834. Guerin, 1837.
Dinemoura Milne Edwards, 1840. Baird, 1850.
Echthrogaleus Steenstrup and Lutken, 1861, p. 380 (Echthrogaleus coleoptratus
Steenstrup and Lutken, 1861, p. 380, pL viii, fig. 15).
Female.
Carapace large and well rounded; frontal plates distinct
but not prominent; posterior lobes long and blunt; dorsal surface
with a longitudinal groove on either side^ a transverse groove across
the mid-line, and a short groove across the lateral area on either side;
three small eyes, the lenses close together and arranged in the form of
a triangle. Three free segments, each bearing a pair of dorsal plates;
first two pairs rudimentary, first pair lateral, second pair median,
third pair well developed and extending the entire width of the body.
Genital segments enlarged, sometimes wider than the carapace,
with a deep posterior sinus and long rounded lobes. A small median
lobe at the base of the sinus represents the sixth thorax segment, and
corresponds to the similar lobes found in Pandarus, Dinematura, etc.
It is on the ventral surface and entirely concealed between the genital segment and abdomen (coleoptratus), or on a level with the dorsal
surface and visible (denticulatus and torpedinis)
Abdomen small,
one-jointed, concealed beneath the genital segment or partially visi.
NO. 1573.
363
armed with nonplumose setae.

Second maxillipeds tipped with stout claws; all the swimming legs
biramose; rami of first pair two-jointed; exopods of second and third
pairs three- join ted, endopods two-jointed, all with rudimentary pluble in the base of the sinus; anal laminae large but
mose
setas;
fourth pair transformed into imperfectly jointed lamellae,
Egg-tubes very slender and several times the
destitute of setae.
length of the body.

Male.
Carapace
frontal plates
like that of the
more prominent.
female but proportionally larger,
Lateral lobes of the second thorax
segment corresponding to the first pair of dorsal plates in the female;

no lobes on the third segment; a rudimentary pair on the fourth segment, which are closely appressed to the anterior margin of the genital
segment. The latter smaller than in the female, with one pair of legs
Abdomen small and twoat or just in front of the posterior corners.
jointed; anal laminae large and armed with plumose setae.
Appendages as in the female.
{Echthrogaleus, ^xOpog, an
enemy, and yaXsog^ a shark.)
KEY TO THE
a.
abdomen
a.
SPECIES.
Females, tliird dorsal plates much enlarged, covering half the genital segment
or more; genital segment also enlarged, sometimes to the size of the carapace;
small, one-jointed
hidden
h.
Males, no dorsal plates or only the rudiments of them; genital segment scarcely
abdomen entirely
Body more than twice
enlarged
h.
free
and two-jointed
as long as wide; third dorsal plates with
i.
rounded
anterior corners, without spines

h.
Body
short
and wide, length
to
c.
width as
sharp spines at the anterior corners

c.
c.
d.
g.
/.
e.
Carapace larger than the genital segment; fourth segment plates without
transparent dots and covering more than half the genital segment.
braccatus Dana, 1852, p. 366.

Carapace much smaller than the genital segment; fourth segment plates
covered with transparent dots and overlapping less than half the genital
segment
coleoptratus Guerin, 1837, p. 367.
Carapace definitely longer than wide; al:)domen small and entirely concealed,
not even the anal lamina; visible in dorsal view.
affinis Milne Edwards, 1840, p. .364.
Carapace the same length and width; abdomen half as large as the genital segment and partly visible in dorsal view
indistinctus Kroyer, 1863, p. 364.
/. Posterior carapace lobes not touching the third dorsal plates; genital segment decidedly smaller than the carapace
g.
f. Posterior lobes of the carapace overlapping the third dorsal plates; genital
segment as large as or larger than the carapace
h.
Third dorsal plates covering more than half the genital segment and toothed on
their posterior and inner margins; fifth legs projecting beyond the lobes of the
genital segment; abdomen invisible
denticulatus Smith, 1874, p. 369.
d.
e.
with
Carapace definitely wider than long; posterior lobes of genital segment parallel and not touching along the mid-line
d.
Carapace as long as, or longer than, wide; posterior lolies of genital segment
convergent and overlapping on the mid-line
e.
5 to 3; third dorsal plates
364
g.
vol.
xxxm.
Third dorsal plates covering less than half the genital segment, their margins
smooth; fifth legs invisible; abdomen partly visible.
perspicax Olsson, 1869, p. 364.
h.
Third dorsal plates covering nearly the whole genital segment; no spines at
their anterior corners; posterior lobes of the genital segment turned
strongly inward and almost touching each other; fifth legs invisible.
new
species, p. 371.
of the genital
segment, spines
torpedinis,
h.
Third dorsal plates covering about two-thirds
segment parallel and

beyond the tips of the lobe.
neozcalanicus Thomson, 1889, p. 365.
Carapace three times the width of the genital segment; frontal plates broad and
prominent; third thorax segment as wide as the fourth.
at their anterior corners; posterior lobes of tlie genital
by a wide
separated
i.
sinus; fifth legs visible
perspicax Olsson, 1869, p. 364.

i.
i.
Carapace two and a half times the width of the genital segment; frontal plates
very small and narrow; fourth thorax segment short, wider than the genital
segment and semilunar
neozcalnnicus Thomson, 1889, p. 365.
Carapace twice the width of the genital segment; frontal plates wide and prominent; fourth thorax segment long and narrower than the genital segment.
braccatus Dana, 1852, p. 366.
This genus was established by Steenstrup and Llitken in 1861

they said, four species which had up to that time
been classed with the genus Dinematura, namely D. alata Milne
Edwards, D. affinis Milne Edwards, D. coleoptrata Guerin, and
to inchide, as
D. hraccata Dana. These agree with each other and differ from
the true Dinematura species in the following: (1) The first two free
thorax segments are fused together; (2) the genital segment is
broad and flat, not long and narrow; (3) the dorsal plates are larger
and cover half the genital segment or more; (4) the abdomen is not
jointed, it carries only a single dorsal plate, and it is often concealed beneath the genital segment; (5) the fourth swimming legs
are small and their basal joints are not wing-like when developed;
(6) the first three pairs of legs do not deserve the name of swimming
legs, and their plumose setse are poorly developed.
The authors might have added a seventh difference which would
have been at least as valuable as any of the others. In Dinematura
the sixth thoracic segment is well separated from the genital segment, and it bears a pair of dorsal plates and also a rudimentary
pair of swimming legs.
In EcJithrogaleus on the other hand, this
sixth segment is reduced to a mere lobe attached to the base of the
posterior sinus of the genital segment, and there is not even a trace
of any dorsal plates or swimming legs.
To this genus EcJithrogaleus
belong also the following five species, which have appeared since 1861
^^ Dinematura^
indistincta, described by Kroyer in 1863 (p. 183),
but of which no figures have ever been published; rightly referred
to the present genus by Bassett-Smith in 1899.
Echthrogaleus perspicax, described by Olsson in 1869; includes
both sexes and is well illustrated.
,
PARASITIC COPEFODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
365
described by S. I. Smith in 1874, but

which no figures have hitherto been pubhshed.
" Dinematura'' neozealanica, described and figured by Thomson in
1S89, and rightly referred to the present genus ]\v Bassett-Smith in
Eclithrogaleus denticulatus
of
1899.
Echthrogaleus torpedinis,
new
Dana's Dinemahira hraccata
species (p. 371).

is possibly a young female of Ech-
than of E.
as
Bassett-Smith
throgaleus coleoptratus
rather
would have us believe
eight valid species appear in the above key.
affinis,
In 1833 Milne Edwards described a new species of parasitic copeTwo years later
pod, to which he gave the name Pandarus alatus.
what
he
claimed
to be the same
description
of
Johnston published a
name.
On
founding
Edwards's
the present
Milne
species, giving it
Johnston's
decided
that
species
and
Liitken
was the
genus Steenstrup
"
coleoptrata,"
and
it
Dinematura
that
was
not
Guerin's
same as
This
latter
species.
decision
is
Milne
Edwards's
conwith
identical
fu-med by the following differences: Milne Edwaids's species shows:
2. No trans1. No division of the lateral areas of the carapace.
parent spots on the dorsal plates of the fourth thorax segment.
3. Second maxillipeds armed with slender terminal claws and without
4. Marked differences in the shape of the
accessory claws or spines.
second antennge, first maxillipeds, and maxillae. 5. Both rami of

6. Rudimentary
the second and third pairs of legs tliree-jointed.
legs just in front of the abdomen.
Johnston's species, on the contrary, shows: 1. Distinct divisions of
2. Transparent spots on the fourth segment plates.
the lateral areas.
3. Tliick and stout terminal claws on the second maxillipeds, furnished with large accessory claws. 4. The rami of all the legs twojointed.
5.
No rudimentary
legs in front of the
abdomen.
Such
rather too numerous and important to allow any

assumption of the identity of the two species. Johnston's descrip-
differences
are
tion does agree with that of Guerin and Steenstrup and Liitken in
every particular, and his species may therefore be taken as a synonym
of Guerin's E. coleoptratus.
As to the location of Milne Edwards's original "Pandarus alatus,"
In the stRicture of the mouth-tube, maxillae,
it is difficult to decide.
and second maxillipeds, in the three-jointed endopods of the second
and third legs and in the presence of rudimentary legs just in front
of the abdomen it conforms to the genus Dinematura rather than
Echthrogaleus.
But in the fusion of the second and third thorax
segments, in the broad shape of the genital- segment, in the absence
of any dorsal plates for the sixth segment, and in the small size of
the fourth legs it conforms to Echthrogaleus and is unlike Dinematura.
Hence it can not be located with certainty according to available
data; Milne Edwards's statements seem to favor its inclusion under
366
vol. xxxiii.
But if so, it is a distinct species and is not a

synonym of any of the known species.
Milne Edwards claimed to have both sexes, but the specimen he
the present genus.
has figured as a male (PI. VIII, figs. 2 and 3) was certainly a

female without egg-strings. He says nothing about its size. If it
were not fully developed some of the discrepancies, and possibly all,
might be explained, for no development stage of any species of this
genus has ever been seen.
In view of these facts, we are warranted in omitting the species for
the present and awaiting further evidence.
ECHTHROGALEUS BRACCATUS
Dinematura braccata Dana, 1852, p. 1370, pi. xcv, fig. 4.
Echthrogalcus {Nogagus) braccatus Heller, 1865, p. 197,
Nogagus braccatus Bassett-Smith, 1899, pp. 460, 464.
Dana.
pi.
xx,
fig. 3.
Dana, who first described this species in 1852, referred it to the

genus Dinematura, but Steenstrup and Liitken in 1861 created anew
genus Echthrogaleus out of several of the Dinematura species,
Heller in 1865 described a Nogaus
including this one of Dana.
form as the male of this species, and Thomson recorded in 1889 the
capture of the species at Auckland, New Zealand. Finally BassettSmith in 1899 made the species a synonym of Echthrogaleus affi.nis.
After a careful examination of the evidence the present author can
not agree with Bassett-Smith. Dana plainly states as his reasons
for distinguishing the species from affinis the difference in the shape
of the lateral plates on the second thorax segment, the size and position of the anal laminae, the relative size of the carapace and genital
segment, and the size and shape of the third thorax segment. In
Dana's species also the posterior sinus of the genital segment is
very deep and the rudimentary sixth segment plate is not visible,
while in affinis the sinus is much shallower and the sixth segment
plate
is
visible at its enlarged base.
These reasons are sufficient to separate the two species when supported by such authorities as Steenstrup and Liitken and Heller.
Wlien we come to compare Dana's species with coleoptratus, however, the evidence is not as conclusive; still there are enough differences to prevent us from declaring the two species synonymous on
present evidence. These differences are found in the shape of each
of the three pairs of dorsal plates on the thorax segments, in the
fact that the third pair of plates have no transparent dots in Dana's
species, while these are very prominent in coleoiJtratus and in the
Dana's species
relative size of the carapace and genital segment.
was without egg-strings; 'and if it was a young female, not fully
matured, some, if not all, of these differences could be readily
explained.
But Dana gives the length as half an inch, which is
larger than an adult coleoptratus.
,
NO. 1573.
367
In 1865 Heller described a male which he referred to this species,

giving the following diagnosis:
Cephalothorax half the length
of the
animal, of about the same length and width,
posterior lobes elongate, with a border around the inner margin.
Frontal plates wide, with a sinus at the center of the frontal margin. Second
abdominal segment winged on either side, wings truncated posteriorly, with a thin'
border on the inner side.
All the abdominal feet biramose, rami of the first and fourth pairs two-jointed,
exopod of the second and third pairs three-jointed, endopod two-jointed. Genital
segment almost quadrate, with rounded angles.
Tail one-half shorter than the
genital segment, two-jointed, second joint the longer, appendages elongate.
Length
of body 7 mm.
This shows plainly that the coi:>epod is a male of the genus

it was found, according to Heller, in company
Echthrogaleus and as
,
with females of Dana's species, and as its anatomy agrees with that
species, there is no reason to doubt its identity.
We are thus warranted in leaving the species as Dana and Heller
published it, awaiting further evidence.
ECHTHROGALEUS COLEOPTRATUS
Guerin.
Plate XIX.
Dinematura coleoptrata Guerin, 1837, pi. xxxv, fig. 6.
Dinematura alata Guerin, 1837, pi. xxxv, fig. 7.
Pandarus alatus (Milne Edwards) Johnston, 1835, p. 202, two text
Echthrogaleus coleoptratits Steenstrup and Lutken, 1861, p. 380, pi.
figures.
viii, fig. 15.
Female. Body elongate, length more than twice the width; carapace orbicular, as wide as long, including the posterior lolês; lateral
and frontal margins strongly convex, posterior margin slightly convex; posterior lobes long and narrow and curved inward at the tips,
not reaching the anterior margin of the dorsal plates on the fourth
segment by quite a distance. Lateral areas very narrow, the transverse suture at about their center; the transverse suture of the median
area far forward and not straight, but zigzag.
Second thorax segment distinctly separated from the third with
lateral plates like the lateral lobes in the male extending outward and
backward, but not concealed by the carapace.
Second dorsal plates median and rudimentary, relatively wider
than in denticulatus; the broad apron of the third legs visible at the
sides of these plates in the space between the posterior lobes of the
carapace and the fourth segment. Third dorsal plates much enlarged,
trapezoidal in shape and covering a little less than half the genital
segment. They fit very snugly to the genital segment and project
only their own thickness beyond the lateral margins of the latter.
They just meet on the mid line without overlapping, and their entire
marghi is free from teeth or spines. Their chief characteristic, and
one which will distinguish the present species from all others, is the
368
vol.
xxxm.
tracery of transparent dots or points which are scattered over their
These dots are circular in outline, sharply defined, of a

and transparent, thus showing prominently
against the dark-brown background of the general surface.
They
are not arranged in any definite pattern, differing in different indiriduals, but they are approximately symmetrical in the two plates
dorsal surface.
light yellowish color,
of
any specimen.
Genital segment
much
larger
than the carapace,
or
elliptical
spindle shaped, tapering considerably toward either end; posterior

sinus two-fifths of the entire length, narrow
but
little
and
slit-like,
and enlarged
at the base; posterior lobes closely appressed but not over-
lapping sixth segment lobe small and entirely concealed between the
genital segment and abdomen, but plainly visible on the ventral sur;
face after removing the
Abdomen
abdomen.
transversely elliptical, one-half wider than long, with
On
evenly curved margins.
either side of the anterior
margin
is
small rounded knob which projects forward beneath the genital

segment. Anal laminae large, each one as long as the abdomen and
half as wide, tipped with three
rudimentary
setaa at
the center of the
terminal margin, two small spines near the outer corner and one near
the inner one.
First antennae slender
and not prominent; second pair stout with a
First pair of adhesion

is strongly curved.
pads ovate and small; second pair angular and still smaller; on each
half of the apron of the third legs two of the pads are in close contact
near the lateral margin, while the third one is removed some little
distance from them toward the median line. Mouth tube relatively
short and slender; second maxillaj boot-shaped and relatively large,
First
their bases far forward in front of the base of the mouth tube.
maxillipeds slender, terminal joint longer than the basal, both claws
with a fringe of setae. Second maxillipeds with a strongly swollen
basal joint and a stout terminal claw, which shuts dowTi against two
long terminal claw which
large corrugated knobs.
The spines on the rami of the swimming legs are short and stout
with toothed margins, while the setae are all rudimentary, except
The arrangement
those at the tip of the endopod of the second legs.
is as follows: First exopod 0, I; 4, III: endopod 0, 0; 5, III: second
exopod
1,
0,
I; 5,
0, 0;
II:
1,
I; 7, III:
endopod
1,
endopod
0; 3,
0, I;
II: fourth
5,
exopod 1,1;
VII: endopod
III: third
exopod
3,
IV.
In the fourth leg joints the rami are fused indistinguishably, but
the spines are scattered along the margin in such a way as to indicate
that the ramus is a fusion and not a single joint, a fact still further
Of the
attested in the endopod by indentations on the margin.
genital organs the oviducts are coiled once in each half of the genital
NO. 1573.
369
segment, passing back to the end of the posterior lobe, then forward
to the anterior margin, and then back to the vulva, which opens
between the abdomen and the genital segment. The vaginal openings are on the ventral surface, clos.e together, one on either side of
the mid line just in front of the base of the abdomen.
From these
may often be seen protruding the ends of the ducts of discharged
spermatophores. The cement glands are very large, as would be
expected when we remember that the egg strings are several times
They occupy a large share of the ventral
the length of the body.
surface of the genital segment in front of the abdomen; each is in
the shape of a figure 7 inverted.
Total length, 13 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 4 mm.;
length of fourth segment plates, 4 mm. length of abdomen, 6.5 mm.
width of cax'apace, 5 mm. width of fourth segment plates, 6 mm.
Color, a dull grayish yellow, uniform and lighter on the ventral
surface, darker on the dorsal surface, with the center of the carapace
between the lateral grooves and the entire surface of the fourth segment plates a dark chestnut brown. The internal coils of the oviduct
also show through the dorsal surface of the abdomen as light brown
;
in color.
(coleoptratus koXsos, sheath
,
and
Ttrepov^ ^ving, the dorsal plates of
the fourth thorax segment resembling the elytra of beetles.)
upon which Steenstrup and Liitken foinided

by them from Guerin's figures
and description. They gave as one of its synonyms " Pandarus
alatus," described by Johnston in 1835; the latter believed his species
published two years
to be identical with the " Pandarus alatus
earlier by Milne Edwards.
This
is
the type species
the present genus and was identified
''
Steenstrup and Ltitken doubted this identity of the two species,

and careful examination confirms their doubt. (See p. 365.) Hence the
specific name used by Johnston can not stand, although it was published two years prior to that of Guerin.
There are three
U.
S.
National
Tsurus dekayi
lots of
specimens belonging to
this species in the
Museum collection. Cat. No. 6185, from the back fin of

at Woods Hole, Cat. No. 8179, from Cornwall, Eng-
M. Norman, no host given, and Cat. No.

shark
captured
near Unalaska, Alaska.
from
a
12056,
land, in exchange with A.
ECHTHROGALEUS DENTICULATUS
Smith.
Plate XX.
Echthrogaleus dentiadatus Smith, 1874,
Carapace orbicular,
p. 576.
Rathbun,
1884, p. 488.
wider than long; lateral and

anterior margins strongly convex, posterior margin nearly straight.
Dorsal surface divided by two longitudinal grooves into a very wide
median and narrow lateral areas similar to those in Pandarus males.
Female.
Proc, N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
24
little
370
vol.
xxxm.
Median area with a transverse groove a little in front of its center; the
three eyes close together and arranged in the form of a triangle, two
Transverse grooves dividin front of this groove and one behind it.
ing the lateral areas placed far back, only a
little
in front of the poste-
margin of the carapace and curved forward. Frontal plates

narrow and showing but little in dorsal view.
Free segments short and telescoped together so that the posterior
rior
lobes of the carapace touch or overlap the third pair of dorsal plates.
and nearly concealed beneath the carapace

and its posterior lobes; but they extend forward under the carapace
and each bears an adhesion pad on its anterior margin as in Pandarus.
Second dorsal plates median and rudimentary, like those just starting
Third dorsal plates
in young females of Pandarus and Perissopus.
enormous, as wide as the carapace, and covering two-thirds of the
First dorsal plates lateral
genital segment.
but stout spine
armed along
Each
is
armed
at its anterior corner with a short
the plates do not quite meet at the mid-line and are
their entire
median and posterior borders with sharp
elliptical, one-third narrower

than the carapace, with wide and conical posterior lobes. From the
tips of these lobes extend the modified fifth legs in the form of narrow
pointed processes whose bases reach forward on the ventral surface to
the base of the abdomen. Although every species thus far examined
shows these fifth legs on the ventral surface, the present species and
neozealanicus are the only ones in which they extend beyond the tips
spines, thickly set.
Genital segment
of the posterior lobes so as to
become
visible in dorsal view.
The
about half the width and length of

posterior
lobes
of
the
genital
segment, and is evenly rounded.
the
with
the
dorsal
surface
of the carapace and is entirely
It is on a level
visible from above.
Abdomen wedge-shaped, relatively large, but placed so far forward
on the ventral surface of the genital segment that only the anal laminse
These lamina? are twice as long as wide and
are visible from above.
are each tipped with two or three rudimentary setae, short and nonplumose.
rudimentary sixth segment lobe
is
and clubSecond antennae stout and placed far back of the anterior
margin, opposite the base of the mouth-tube; terminal claw short,
strong, and well curved.
First adhesion pads obovate, of medium
size, and close to the lateral margin; second pair very small and nearly
circular; third pair ellipticaland larger than the second; fourth pair
on the outer margins of the first dorsal plates as in Pandarus, elliptical
and the same size as the third pair. In addition to these four pairs
there are also adhesion pads on the basal joints of the first and third
pairs of swimming legs.
One pair on the first legs close together on
First antennae of the usual pattern, terminal joint slender
shaped.
NO. 1573.
371
either side of the median Hne, three pairs on the third legs circular in
form and arranged in a triangle at some distance from the median line
on either side. There is also a median impaired pad on the anterior
margin of these legs, transversely elliptical in form.
Mouth-tube long and slender; second maxillfe laminate, rather
narroW; and tapering to a rounded point. First maxillipeds stout, the
anterior terminal claw more than twice the length of the posterior,
both claws fringed with hairs. Second maxillipeds not much swollen,
down against
swimming legs
the terminal claw semicylindrical, the flat side shutting

a pair of spherical knobs on the basal joint.
All the
biramose; rami of the first pair two-jointed; basal joint of the exopod
as long as both joints of the endopod; terminal joint circular in outline, half as long as the basal; endopod joints the same length.
Exopods of second, third, and fourth legs three-jointed, endopods
two-jointed, the joints thoroughly fused in the fourth pair.
Endopod
joints subequal in the three pairs; basal
exopod joint
of
the second pair longer than the two (equal) terininal joints; basal
joint in the third pair a little longer than either of the others; the
three joints in the fourth pair subecpial.

Setae
and spines arranged as follows: First exopod,
0,
4,
III:
second exopod, 1, I; 1, I; 4, III: endopod,

0, 0; 3, 0: third exopod, 1, I; 1, I; 6, II: endopod, 0, 0; 3, IV:
fourth exopod, 0, I; 0, I; 0, I: endopod, 0, 0; 0, 0.
width, 4.57 nnn.; length of free segments, 1.5 mm.; length of third
dorsal plates, 2.85 mm.; length of genital segment, 4.3 mm.; width
endopod,
0;
0,
4,
of third plates, 4.5
0:
mm.
Color of preserved specimens a yellowish brown, probably discolored
by the
alcohol.
(denticulatus,
armed with minute
teeth, referring to the
margins of
the third dorsal plates.)
The U.
S.
National
Museum
collection contains a single specimen,
by Smith
in 1874.
It was taken from
Atwood's shark, Carcharodon carcharias captured in Vineyard Sound,
Woods Hole and is numbered 6169. Smith gave a brief description
of the species without any figiu"es, and it has remained um-ecognized.
The full description and figures here given should establish its
validit}^
It can be readil}^ recognized by the spines or teeth on the
third dorsal plates and by the projecting fifth legs.
the original type described
ECHTHROGALEUS TORPEDINIS,
new
species.
Plate XXI.
Type. Cat. No.

Female.
11350, U.S.N.M.
Body short and wide;
length to width as 5 to 3. Carapace orbicular, considerably wider than long, even including the pos-
372
vol.xxxiii.
terior lobes; lateral areas of
crossing
them nearly
their tips extending
medium
width, the transverse grooves
and narrow,
under the third dorsal plates for some distance;
at the center; posterior lobes long
posterior margin concave.
Frontal plates not well defined nor promi-
nent; eyes small and situated about two-fifths of the distance fi-om
the frontal margin.
The fused second and
third thorax segments rather short; first

and extending out beneath the posterior lobes
nearly to the lateral margins of the carapace. These plates are semicircular and end in blunt spines at their anterior corners.
Second
dorsal plates rudimentary and narrow, leaving a space on either side
between their lateral margin and the posterior lobe of the carapace.
Third dorsal plates enormous, covering the entire genital segment
dorsal plates large
except the very tips of the posterior lobes; each plate is one-half
longer than the carapace on the mid-line, and together they are considerably wider than either the carapace or the genital segment, proTheir outer
jecting far beyond the lateral margins of the latter.
margins are strongly curved, their posterior margins nearly squarely
truncated, and there is a wider space between their inner margins
than in most species. They are smooth and without any trace of
spines.
Genital segment broadly elliptical, a little wider than the
carapace, but longer than wide, its posterior lobes wide and bluntly
rounded, and turned in toward each other but not overlapping. Posterior sinus one-third the entire length, much enlarged at the base,
and showing plainly there the dorsal surface

lobe.
This latter
is
much
of the sixth
segment
longer than in coleoptratus or denticulatus,
with parallel sides and an evenly rounded posterior margin, and it

extends backward about half the length of the sinus.
Abdomen relatively as large as in denticulatus, but much wider posteriorly, being subquadrangular; anal laminae large and broad, each
tipped with a few coarse spines. The base of the abdomen reaches
forward to the center of the genital segment and is about one-third
the width of the latter, while the ends of the anal laminae just reach
the tips of the posterior lobes.
First antennae slender and small; second pair large and stout, with
a long and strongly curved terminal claw; the basal joint carries a
stout spine behind the adhesion pad.
First two pairs of adhesion pads small, those on the base of the
second antennae reduced to mere points. Two small circular pads
on the basal joint of the first legs; the three pairs on the apron of the
third legs arranged as in coleopiratus two side by side on each half of
the leg and one at a little distance, nearer the mid-line. Mouth tube
exceptionally long and slender; second maxillae also long and relaThe
tively larger and wider than in the other species here described.
terminal joints of these maxillge are boot-shaped, and are folded over
,
PARASITIC COPEPODS-WILSON.
NO. 1573.
373
inward toward each other, so that the}^ He across the mouth tube
hke a pair of folded hands. Further back on either side, opposite the
base of the first niaxilhpeds, is a flattened spine, larger than the max-
and pointing backward.

Second maxillipeds with a stout but rather short terminal claw,
and two large corrugated knobs on the basal joint against which the
claw shuts. Swimming legs biramose and of the usual pattern, but
with the plumose setfe on the terminal joints better developed than
The arrangement of the spines and set is as folin coleoptratus.
lows: First exopod, 0, 1; 6, 0: endopod, 0, 0; 3, 0: second exopod,
1, I; 1, 1; 5, II: endopod, 0, 0; 4, III: third exopod, 0, I; 1, I; 6, III:
endopod, 0, 0; 4, 0: fourth exopod, 0, I; 0, I; 0, VII: endopod, 0, 0;
illa
0, 0.
Outside of the base of the exopod of the fom-th legs and inside of
the base of the endopod of the third legs is a small papilla armed with
a long and flexible spine, similar to those found in Perissopus. The
fifth legs are larger than in coleoptratus, but not as large as in denticulatus, and their tips just reach the margins of the posterior lobes.
The oviduct is coiled once in the usual fashion, the vulva; opening
The cement glands are large

of the abdomen.
parentheses marks on either side of the mid-line;
their posterior ends are enlarged and bent inward nearly at right
The semen receptacle is just in fi'ont of the base of the
angles.
just
beneath the base
and are arranged
like
abdomen, with the vagina? opening side by side at the mid-line. The
spermatophores are fastened on either side of the genital segment,
outside and in front of the vulva, and the duct from each crosses the
mid-line and empties into the vagina on the opposite side of the body.
Total length, 1:3 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 4 mm.;
width of same, 6.5 mm.; length of fi'ee segments, 2 mm.; length of
third dorsal plates, 5.65 mm.; width of same, 8 mm.; length of
genital segment, 7.38 mm.; width of same, 7 mm.; length of abdomen, without anal laminae, 2.5 mm.; length of egg-strings, 40 mm.
Color a dark cinnamon brown, uniform over the entire body.
{torpedinis, the
name
of the host.)
National Museum collection includes two lots, both obtained fTom the Torpedo, common along our Atlantic coast, Torpedo
The fii-st is Cat. No. 6187, U.S.N.M., and includes two
occidentalis.
females taken from one of the pectoral fms of a Torpedo captured at
Woods Hole in 1875. The other lot is Cat. No. 11350, U.S.N.M., and
includes seven females taken from the ventral fins of a Torpedo cap-
The U.
S.
tured at Provincetown, Massachusetts, October 20, 1885.
374
Genus
DINEMATURA
Caligus (C. productus) Muller, 1785, p. 132.

Dinemoura {D. producta) Latreille, 1829, p.
Pandarus (P. lamnx) Johnston, 1835, p. 203.
Dinematura {D. producta) Burmeister, 1833,
'
vol.
xxxm.
Latreille.
197.
p. 284.
General body form elongate, the length more than twice

the width. Carapace .transversely elliptical, its lateral margins
strongly arched, with narrow frontal plates and long well rounded
posterior lobes; grooving similar to that in the Caliginge; eyes invisible in the adult.
Second thorax segment with large lateral wings;
third segment narrow, with rudimentary dorsal plates, or entirely
without them; fourth segment with plates of medium size, separated
by a deep median fissure, and covering the anterior portion of the
genital segment fifth or genital segment oblong, with broad and wellrounded posterior lobes; sixth segment distinct, separated from the
genital segment, furnished with a pair of dorsal plates, and carrying
Abdomen small,
ventrally a pair of rudimentary swimming legs.
one-jointed, projecting but little behind the genital segment, with
large anal laminae, carrying non-plumose setae.
Two adhesion pads instead of one behind each first antenna, the
Mouth-tube long and very slender; second
posterior one the larger.
maxilloe slender, three-jointed; first maxillipeds with a tuft of setae, or
a small setiferous third claw, between the usual two at its tip; second
maxillipeds with a stout terminal claw which shuts down between two
Female.
knobs on the basal
joint.
swimming
legs biramose; rami of fu'st pair two-jointed, of

second and third pairs tlu-ee-jointed, of fourth pair enlarged, laminate,
and one-jointed. First tln-ee pairs with plumose setae, fourth pair
without setae or even spines. Egg-strings straight and several times
the length of the body.
Hale. Carapace like that of the female but considerably wider than
Lateral wings on second
long; eyes visible and situated far forward.
thorax segment small; third segment without any traces of dorsal
plates; fourth segment with a rudimentary pair overlapping the
Genital segment oblong wedge shaped,
genital segment a little.
widest posteriorly; sixth segment not distinctly separated as in the
female, but indicated by an abrupt narrowing of the genital segment,
and by notches in its lateral margins. Abdomen very narrow, twojointed, the joints equal; anal laminjB large and armed with long and
All the
stout plumose
setae.
Appendages
like those of the female; first
max-
with a tuft of hairs between the two terminal claws, corresponding to the middle claw in the female. All the swimming legs
biramose; rami of first and foiu^th pairs two-jointed, of second and
third pairs three-jointed; first three pairs with long plumose setae,
fourth pair with spines only.
illipeds
NO. 1573.
(Dinematura,
made up
of
S15,
two,
vijjux, tlii-ead,
two threads, the
tail,
that
is
tail
egg-strings.)
KEY TO THE
a.
and ovpa,
375
SPECIES.
Females, carapace only one-third the entire length and not much wider than the
and anal larainte long and prominent;
genital segment; rami of the fourth legs
egg-strings four or five times the length of the

a.
body
b.
Females, carapace half the entire length or more and much wider than the
genital segment; rami of fourth legs and anal laminie short and partly conc.
cealed egg-strings only twice the length of the body or less
Males, carapace several times the size of the genital segment; dorsal plates
reduced to mere stumps or entirely lacking; rami of fourth legs two-jointed
;
a.
d.
and well armed with spines
b. Lobe of sixth segment not projecting beyond the posterior lobes of the genital segment; sixth legs reduced to mere papillje; length 30 mm. or more.
.
fcrox Kroyer, 1863, p. 377.
Lobe
b.
of
sixth segment projecting half
its
length behind the posterior
lobes of the genital segment; sixth legs as well developed as the fourth;
mm
c.
c.
producta Miiller, 1785, p. 380.

length 18 to 20
Carapace half the entire length or less, not quite twice the width of the genital
segment; anal laminse l:)roadly foliaceous
lalifolia Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861, p. 383.
Carapace two-thirds the entire length and four times as wide as the genital segment; anal laminae narrow oblong
hamiltoni Thomson, 1889.
d. Fourth thorax segment three times as long as wide; abdomen nearly square,
hamiltoni Thomson, 1889.
one-jointed; anal laminae narrow-oblong
d. Fourth thorax segment considerably wider than long; abdomen oblong and
two-jointed
anal laminje as broad as long

latifolia
genus was estabHshed by Latreille in 1829 for the species
Tliis
which
Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861, p. 383.
Miiller
had described
as Caligus productus in 1785.
Latreille
new genus Dinemoura, and fortunately gave the etymology

of the new word, as so many of his associates have failed to do (see
above). Acting upon this, Biu-meister in 1833 changed the spelling
of the name to Dinematura which certainly corresponds more correctly
called his
etymology and was at once adopted universally.

There was a great amount of confusion in the early descriptions,
both in regard to the species and to their hosts, even among such careful investigators as Gerstaecker and Steenstrup and Liitken.
As late
as 1889 Thomson described four species which he referred to this
genus; ^hree of them really belong here, but the fourth is as unmistakably an Echthrogaleus species.
The simplest way to rectify this and other similar mistakes is to present a list of the 18 species which have been ascribed to this genus
by the various investigators, with a proper identification for each, so
far as this has been rendered possible
to the
Milne Edwards, 1840, aliown by Steenstrup and Liitken to belong to

Echthrogaleus, and accordingly becomes Echthrogaleus affinis.
Dinemoura alata Milne Edwards, 1840, also shown by Steenstrup and Liitken to be a
probable species of the genus Echthrogaleus.
Dinemoura
their
affinis
new genus
376
Dinematura braccata Dana, 1852, shown on page 366

another species
of the present
vol. xxxiii.
paper to be
still
of Echlhrogaleus
Dinematura carcharodonti Thomson, 1889, one of the four species to which reference
is made above, a genuine Dinemahira, but apparently a synonym of D.ferox as
suggested
Dinemoura
by Bassett-Smith.
coleoptraia Gu^rin, 1837, taken
type species
of their
new genus
Dinemoura elongata Van Beneden,
synonym
of
by Steenstrup and Liitken
in 1861 as the
Echlhrogaleus.
1857,
D. producta (see also
shown
l)y
Steenstrup and Liitken to be a
p. 382).
Dinemoura fcrox Kroyer, 1838, valid (see p. 377).

Dinematura hamiltoni Thomson, 1889, valid (see p. 375).
Dinematura gracilis Burmeister, 1833, shown on page 452 of the present paper to be
probably a young male of Dinematura producta.
Dinematura indistincta Kroyer, 1863, probably belongs to the genus Echlhrogaleus, as
by Bassett-Smith, but only a brief description without figures has ever

been published.
Dinematura lamnse Kroyer, 1863, first described by Johnston in 1835 as Panadarus
lamnx, but really a synonym for Dinematura producta, as shown by Steenstrup
and Liitken in 1861.
Dinematura Za/i/oKa Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861, valid (see p. 383).
Dinemiira musteli-lxvis Hesse, 1880, shown on page 386 of the present paper to l)e
probably a Demoleus species.
Dinematura neozealanica Thomson, 1889, another of the four species to which reference
is made above, and one which certainly belongs to the genus Echlhrogaleus, as
suggested
suggested
by Bassett-Smith.
Dinemoura producta
Latreille, 1829, the species first described
productus in 1785, and taken
by
Dinemoura (see p. 381).

Dinematura scrrata Kroyer, 1863, shown
by him
by
Miiller as Caligus
Latreille as the type species of his
l)y
Horst in 1897 to he a
new genus
new genus and named
Philorthragoriscus (see p. 479).
two species deand Caligus paradoxus in 1828. But

the latter was used by Heller as the type of his new genus Demoleus in 1865, and
hence Burmeister's species becomes a synonym of that genus.
Dinematura thynni Kollar, a name given by Kollar on the labels of certain specimens
in the Vienna Museum. These specimens were made the types of a new genus,
They have since l)een identified with
called Arneiis thynni by Kroyer in 1863.
Gerstaecker's Elytrophora brachyptera, which was described in 1853.
Dinematura
scribed
We
sexsetacea Burmeister,
by
1833, established to include the
Otto, Caligus heptapus in 1821
thus see that out of the eighteen species which have been
ascribed to this genus only four prove vahd, and they have been
included in the key given above.

to the
Of the other fourteen, seven belong

two new genera established by Steenstrup and Liitken and
Horst, while the remaining seven are synonyms of other species.
The confusion
inability
in this
on the part
genus has apparently arisen from a singular
of the different investigators to appreciate the
found just behind the genital segment.

understand how Miiller, Latreille, and Burmeister failed
in this regard; they were pioneers in the work and accomplished
wonders in the face of the greatest difficulties. Moreover, we must
never forget that they dealt almost wholly with isolated material,
and were thus deprived of those suggestions and explanations which
significance of the structures
It is easy to
PA RASITIC COPEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
377
come from a broad survey and comparison of all the known genera
and species.
But even with these advantages the recent writers have still
behind the genital segment as a
and rudimentary swimming legs. These structures are plainly marked here in Dinematura,
but are rudimentary or even lacking in the other genera. They are,
of course, morphologically the same in all the genera, however
rudimentary they may be, but have been very differently regarded
failed to recognize the structures
sixth thorax segment with
by
its
dorsal plates
different investigators.
For instance, the dorsal process has been considered a process of

the genital segment in the present genus, as the first segment of the
abdomen in Pandarus and GangliopuSj as a foliaceous dorsal lamina
of the abdomen in Demoleus, while it has been wholly overlooked in
Laminifera and EcJdhrogaleus in both of which, however, it exists
and can be easily found.
One of the most recent investigators, Bassett-Smith, in his Enumeration of the Known Species of Parasitic Copepods (1S99), describes
this sixth segment as " a small median process (of the genital segment)
partially covered by two narrow plates" (p. 463), while he regards
the rudimentary swimming legs upon its ventral surface as lateral
But as soon as we realize that this is really
processes of the abdomen.
recognized
the most important characteristic
we
have
sixth
segment
a
will certainly distinguish it
one
which
Dinematura.
and
genus
of the
from all its relatives. This has been indicated in the diagnosis given
above by the use of italics.
,
DINEMATURA FEROX
Kroyer.
Plate XXII.
Dinematura fcrox Kroyer, 1838, p. 40,
p.
465. Steenstrup and Lutken,
Dinematura carcharodonti Thomson, 1889,
Female.
pi.
i,
fig.
5.
Milne Edwards,
1861, pp. 376, 379, pi. vii,

p. 360, pi. xxvi,
1840,
fig. 14.
fig. 2.
Body three times as long as wide, both the carapace and
segment thick and strongly arched.
Carapace, including the

narrow, their transverse suture just in front of the posterior margin of the carapace, and
forming a well-defined notch on each lateral margin; posterior lobes
Frontal plates very
long, conical, and curved inward at their tips.
narrow and insignificant; median incision scarcely visible; eyes
small and about one-third the distance from the anterior margin.
The three free thorax segments about the same length, but diminishing regularly in width backward.
Lateral plates on the second
genital
posterior lobes, nearly orbicular;
segment reaching back

segment.
No
to
lateral areas
and overlapping the plates on the fourth
dorsal plates on the third segment; those on the fourth
segment short and narrow, the same width as the genital segment and
378
vol.
xxxm.
two-fifths as long, the median sinus two-thirds the entire length,

narrow and enlarged a little at the base.
Each plate is rounded in the form of a semicircle at its posterior
end and at the anterior corner, the latter projecting prominently.
Genital segment five-sevenths the width of the carapace, a little less
than twice as long as wide, with parallel sides and wide, evenly
rounded, but very short posterior lobes. The dorsal plates on this
segment are a little narrower and shorter than the segment itself,
their posterior ends cut off obliquely and separated by a short sinus.
Dorsal process of the sixth segment filling little more than half the
entire space between the posterior lobes of the genital segment, but
not reaching quite to their tips. Dorsal plates of this segment shorter
and wider than the process, the median sinus less than one-third their
length and enlarged a little at its base. Abdomen one-jointed, subtriangular, the anterior corners rounded, the posterior margin proAnal laminae huge, as
jecting slightly beyond the genital segment.
long and two-thirds as wide as the dorsal plates on the fourth segEgg strings
ment, and armed with short, nonplumose spines.
narrow and about four times the length of the body; eggs small and
very numerous.
First antennae small, two-jointed, armed with but few setie, both
Mouth tube very long and narrow;
joints visible in dorsal view.
maxillae curved in toward the base of the mouth tube and then out
Each maxilla threeagain, so as to assume the shape of a half moon.
jointed, the two basal joints subequal, the terminal joint much
First maxillipeds rather large, the two joints approxishorter.
mately the same length; the accessory claw on the posterior margin
of the distal joint is removed some distance from the terminal claw.
Both claws are flat and laminate and fringed along both margins with
cilia; between them and nearer to the base of the terminal one is a
rounded knob carrying a heavy tuft of setae.
Second maxillipeds not swollen as much as in some of the other
species, and armed with an ordinary terminal claw which shuts down
against two corrugated knobs on the basal joint.
All the swimming legs biramose and of the usual pattern; the
proximal joint of the exopod of the first pair is enlarged more than
in any other species, being more than five times the size of the distal
joint.
The arrangement of the spines and setae on the different legs
is as follows: First exopod, 1, 0; 3,111: endopod, 0, 0; 0,111: second
exopod, 1,1; 1, I; 3, IV: endopod, 1, I; 0, II; 0, VII: third exopod,
1, I; 1, I; 3, IV: endopod, 0, I; 0, II; 0, IV: fourth rami without
spines or setae.
The
on the sixth segment are reduced to mere stumps, attached

segment and projecting outward at right angles
They are bluntly rounded at the tips which just
to the body axis.
legs
to either side of the
PARASITIC COPEFODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
379
reach a level with the lateral margins of the abdomen. Of the reproductive organs, the cement glands are large and of the usual shape;
they reach from the base of the sixth segment nearly to the anterior
margin of the genital segment; the anterior ends are bluntly rounded,
while the posterior ones are enlarged and somewhat angular. The
semen receptacle is in the form of a semicircle, its ends enlarged and
resting against the base of the sixth segment, while the curve is
The oviducts are each coiled once
the genital
directed forward.
segment, the coil passing backward into the posterior lobe, then
forward to the anterior margin, and then backward to the vulva
which opens just in front of the base of the sixth segment on either
side.
Total length, 32 mm. length of carapace on mid-line, 7 mm.

width of same, 10 mm.; length of tliird dorsal ])lates, 6 mm.; length
of genital segment, 13 mm.; width of same, 7 mm.; length of anal
laminae, 5 mm.; length of egg strings, 120 mm.
Color (preserved material) a dark yellow tinged with brown, but
without pigment markings.
;
{ferox, ferocious.)
Steenstrup and Liitken state that if it can be fairly proved that the
present species and Nogagus grandis live in the same region, then it
will
be reasonably certain that they are the male and female of the
same
species (1861, p. 387).
After careful examination this does not seem probable for the
following reasons: First, Nogagus grmidis is not like the Dinematura
males already determined in that

jointed instead of three-jointed,
its
and
second and third legs are twosecond maxillipeds are of the
its
ordinary form instead of swollen.

In the second place, it is like the male form named Caligus paradoxus by Otto in 1828, and corresponds, in the structure of its appendages, with the female form presented at the same time and afterwards
(1865) used by Heller as the type of his new genus Demoleus.
For
these reasons Nogagus grandis has been placed with the genus Demoleus (see p. 349).
The
collection of the U. S. National
Museum
includes two lots of
one numbered 12036 and containing more than tliirty

females excellently preserved was obtained from the shark fishermen
of Iceland; the other. Cat. No. 32783, contains six well-preserved
females whose origin and host are unknown.
this species;
380
vol.
xxxm.
Dinematura elongata Van Beneden, 1857, p. 226; 1860, p. 149, pi. xxiv.
Dinematura producta Steenstrup and Lutken, 1861, pp. 371, 374, pi. vii,
fig. 13.
DINEMATURA PRODUCTA
Miiller.
Plate XXIII.
Caligus productus Muller, 1785, p. 132, pi. xxi, figs. 3 and 4.
Dinemoura producta Latreille, 1829, p. 197.
Pandarus lamnse Johnston, 1835, p. 203, fig. 22 (text).
Dinemoura lamx Baird, 1850, p. 286, pi. xxxiii, fig. 8.
Nogagus productus, Gerstaecker, 1853, p. 63, pi. iv, figs. 1 to
Female.
Carapace
orbicular,
little
10.
wider than long; frontal
and more prominent than in. ferox, their anterior margin

nearly straight, with a deep and well-defined central sinus.
plates wider
Lateral areas wide, their transverse grooves far in front of the posmargin of the carapace and making only small indentations
terior
on the lateral margins; posterior lobes short and wide, and curved
inward strongly at the tips. Eyes not visible in any of the specimens
examined. Free thorax segments very short but wide, filling the
entire space between the posterior lobes of the carapace.
Lateral
plates on the second segment short and oblique; no plates on the
third segment; those on the fourth segment narrow and nearly as
long as the carapace on the mid-line, being more than twice as long
as wide.
Together, these plates are no wider than the genital segment, and are evenly rounded at their anterior corners, not projecting
as in ferox; the posterior ends are also evenly rounded, wliile the
median sinus extends about three-fourths the entire length and is
somewhat enlarged
at its base.
Genital segment oblong, a little more than half the width of the
carapace, with short and rather narrow posterior lobes; dorsal plates
covering this segment a little narrower and shorter than the segment
as in ferox.
Their posterior ends are cut off obliquely but in
a direction opposite to that of ferox, leaving a sharp corner at the
imier, instead of the outer, angle; median sinus wide, fairly deep,
itself,
and wedge-shaped, with a squarely cut base. Dorsal process of the

and elongate, reaching far behind the genital
segment and abdomen; dorsal plates covering the process also narrow
and elongate, not quite as long as the process itself, divergent, and
sixth segment narrow
separated by a triangular sinus two-tliirds of their entire length.

The base of this sinus is opposite the tips of the dorsal plates on
the genital segment.
Body of the sixth segment short and about
the same width as the abdomen; sixth legs large and somewhat boot-
shaped, with the heels turned outward. They reach back to the
tip of the dorsal process, are armed with rudimentary spines like the
fourth legs, and are plainly visible in dorsal view. Abdomen small
and subquadrangular, projecting beliind the genital segment, but
entirely concealed in dorsal view
by the
process, legs,
and dorsal
NO. 1573.
plates
of
articulated
the
by
sixth
segment.
381
Anal laminae large and
elliptical,
their outer corners only to the outer corners of the
abdomen; each armed with three terminal spines, and one on the
Egg-strings narrow and about twice the length of
outer margin.
the body.
First antennae of
medium
size, their
basal joints entirely concealed
beneath the frontal plates; second pair enlarged with a short,
sickle-
Mouth-tul)e as long as in ferox and a little

^vider; maxilla^ large and three-jointed, the basal joint nuich the
largest and carrying on its outer margin two small processes, in conThese
tact with each other, and each tipped with a small spine.
sliAped terminal claw.
are evidently the rudiments of the exopod; the
two cylindrical
endopod
is
made up
one considerably the smaller.

First maxillipeds similar to those in ferox: second pair with the
basal joint more swollen and armed with larger corrugated knobs;
Swimming
the terminal claw rather slender but of the usual pattern.
legs similar to those in ferox, the basal joint of the first exopod not
enlarged as much and more pointed.
The spines and seta? are arranged as follows: First exopod, 1,0;
3,111: endopod, 0,0; 0,111: second exopod, 1, 0; 1,0; 2,V: endopod,
0,1; 0, 1;0,AT: tliird exopod, 1,1; 1,1; 3, VI: endopod, 0,0; 0,11;
Fourth rami each with four rudimentary spines near their tips.
0, VI.
width of same, 7 mm. length of second and third thorax segments,
1 mm. of genital segment, 8 mm. of dorsal process of sixth segment,
3.5 mm.; of egg-strings, 40 mm.; width of genital segment, 4 mm.
Color of preserved material a light brown without pigment spots.
of
joints, the terminal
(producta, elongated, drawn out.)

The present is the species described by Mliller in 1785 as Callgus
produdus, and afterwards taken by Latreille as the type of the new
genus Dinemoura wliich he established in 1829.
Neither Midler's nor Latreille' s description was very satisfactory,
but fortunately the specimens upon wliich these descriptions were
founded were preserved in the museum in Copenhagen, and Steenstrup and Ltitken were enabled to recognize Midler's species and to
Accordcorrect some of the errors in regard to it and to its hosts.
ingly they have given us a history of this species up to 1861, wliich
clears up many of the difficult puzzles and mistakes in identity and
nomenclature. They declare in substance that the present species
was described and figured first by Herbst in an article entitled
" Beschreibung eiiier sehr sonderbaren Seelaus vom Hemorfische,"

published in Schriften der Berlinischen Gesellschaft naturforschenden
Freunde for 1780, pp. 56 to 67. Herbst obtained his specimens from
Pastor Chemnitz, of Copenhagen, who in turn had them from the
Faroe Islands with the information that they had been fastened to
382
the
tail
of a
"Hemorfische," which was in
all
vol. xxxiii.
probability
Lamna
cornuhica.
The Zoological Museum
of the university at
Copenhagen possesses
several specimens of this species from the Faroe Islands which were taken
from Lamna cornuhica.
The Physiological Museum of the same univerD. producta

This piece of skin looks
has been so recorded by
sity possesses another particularly fine lot of females of
fastened tightly to a piece of shark's skin.

as
if it
came from Scymnus
glacialis,
and
it
one or two investigators, but the scales on it show that it really

belonged to a Lamna cornuhica. Such a shark was captured and
kept on exhibition for some time, and then purchased by the UniverIt bore numerous marks of fish lice and the specimens
sity Museum.
fastened to it while on exhibition were all D. producta.
Mliller was the next to describe the species in 1785; lie does not
state whence he obtained liis specimens, but Steenstrup and Liitken
think it probable that they came from the same Faroe Island colMliller' s figures and description are less satisfactory than
lection.
Herbst's, and he makes the serious blunder of including Fabricius's
Binoculus salmoneus, which belongs to the genus Lepeophtheirus
with liis " Caligus productus."

In 1829 Latreille, recognizing that this was not a Caligus, made
He was content,
of it a new genus which he called Dinemoura.
however, to accept the descriptions already given and added almost
nothing in the way of further information. Consequently his contribution consisted of little more than a change of name.
In 1835 Johnston described a British species wliich he called Pandarus lamnx, and wliich was taken from a Beaumaris shark, Lamna
monensis. Baird incorporated this in his Natural History of the
British Entomostraca in 1850 under the name of Dinemoura lamnse.
He recognized that it was the same that Herbst had described, but
singularly enough did not identify it with Miiller's Caligus productus;
the name he gave it therefore becomes another synonym of that
given by Latreille.
P. J. Van Beneden in 1857 described and figured this species under
the name Dinemoura elongata, still another synonym.
It might have been difficult to decide whether Beneden really had
a new species or not, but Steenstrup and Liitken found that his specimens came from Copenhagen and that they were taken from the
same piece of shark's skin already mentioned.
Their host, therefore, was Lamna cornuhica and not Scymnus glacialis, as Beneden states, and the species is identical with those
1892, Beneden prestill retainmale
of
his
D.
elongata,
sented what he claimed was the
in
so many
acknowledges
for
although
he
it,
ing his former name
described before.
Thirty-five years later, in

NO. 1573.
383
words that both Steenstrup and Liitken and Olsson had shown that
it was a synon3an of D. producta.
This male is figured very poorly; no frontal plates are shown;
there are no dorsal grooves or markings of any kind upon the carapace, and the second and third thorax segments are hopelessly con-
But the general outline, the relative proportion of the various parts, and such of the details as can be made out correspond
closely with those of the male of latifolia here for the first time shown
The rami of the second legs are three-jointed, as they
(see p. 386).
should be, but he describes the basal joints of the third legs as fused
fused.
across the mid-line into a broad apron wholly covering the fourth
The rami of these third legs are attached to the sides of the
apron and appear to have only two joints in the figure given; noth-
pair.
ing
is
said of the
number
of joints in the text.
male the basal joints of these legs are greatly

enlarged and nearly meet on the mid-line, but the rami are attached
to the posterior margins and are distinctly tlu-ee-jointetl.
The first
maxillipeds also in Beneden's specimen show no tuft of seta? between
the two terminal claws, while the first swinmiing legs as he has represented them are unlike anything known amongst the parasitic copeThey are cylindrical, uniramose, and one-jointed, with three
pods.
plumose seta? attached to the anterior margin near the end and
curved over the ventral surface; the end of one is split and armed
with small spines; the other is entire and bluntly rounded. In the
text these appendages are said to be the same as those of the female.
In the presence of such inconsistencies it is of course impossible
to locate the species with accuracy, but the resemblance between
this male and the one of latifolia about to be described seem to overbalance the differences, and the form Beneden has presented may be
a Dinematura male as he claims.
In the
latifolia
The Museum
collection contains three lots of this species; one,
two females obtained from a large

shark in Casco Bay, Maine. The second is Cat. No. 12679 U.S.N.M.
and contains six females taken from a large shark captured at the
surface in latitude 38 07' N. and longitude 74 21' W. on May 10,
1887, by the Bureau of Fisheries schooner Grampus.
The third is
Cat. No. 8106 U.S.N.M. and consists of a single female taken from
a shark near Shetland; it was obtained by exchange.
Cat. No. 12678 U.S.N.M., contains
DINEMATURA LATIFOLIA
Plates
XXIV and XXV.
Dinematura latifolia Steenstrup and Lutken, 1861, p. 378,

Brian, 1898, p. 14, pi. ii, fig. 10.
Bassett-Smith, 1899, p.
pi. viii,
fig. 16.
463.
Female. Carapace transversely elliptical, the width twice the

length on the median line: frontal plates narrow but distinct, their
384
vol. xxxin.
combined length not more than one-third the width of the carapace.
Posterior margin almost straight and with a triangular flap on either
side projecting backward over the lateral plates of the second thorax
Lateral areas wider than in ferox and -producta and without
joint.
any visible transverse grooves; posterior lobes wide, broadly rounded,
and extending backward toward and somewhat overlapping the dorfourth segment.
Thoracic area almost rectangular,

and about half the
length on the mid-line; cephalic area small and elliptical.
Second thorax joint much shorter than the third, but wider, and
furnished with a pair of good-sized lateral plates, which fill the entire
space between the posterior lobes of the carapace. Third joint wedgeshaped and without dorsal plates; fourth joint with a pair of large
ones which extend out laterally nearly to the margin of the carapace
and posteriorly over the basal third of the genital segment. These
two plates are fused anteriorly, the narrow median sinus not reaching
quite to their base; each is somewhat triangular in shape, the anterior,
lateral, and inner margins being convex, while the posterior margin
Each plate has the same width and length, thus
is slightly concave.
difiêring radically from those of the other two species already described.
The fourth segment is much narrower than the third, and the base of
the dorsal plates is contracted to about half the width of the third
sal plates of the
more than
half the entire width of the carapace
segment.
Genital segment elongate, nearly twice the length of the carapace
on the midline, with wide and evenly rounded lobes at its posterior
Its dorsal plates are considerably narrower and shorter than
corners.
the segment itself; their posterior ends are broadly rounded and separated by a triangular sinus whose sides are much more divergent
than m ferox or producta.
Dorsal process of the sixth segment club-shaped or spatulate, and
prolonged backward over the abdomen and the base of the anal laminae.
Its two small dorsal plates are separated by a narrow median
sinus; they do not reach the tip of the process and do not extend
beyond its lateral margins, except at the base. Abdomen broad,
heart or kidney shaped, about twice as wide as long, and entirely
concealed in dorsal view. Its lateral margins are somewhat flattened,
while to its postero-lateral margins are attached the huge anal laminae, each fully as large as the whole abdomen and tipped with four
long plumose set. Egg strings slender and about twice as long as the
body
On
of the copepod.
the ventral surface of the carapace there are four adhesion pads
of the body and a single median one just behind the
on either side
These are similar to the pads found

first swimming legs.
Pandarus, and characterize the present genus as one of the PandaThe first two pairs of these pads lie posterior to the bases of
rinse,
bases of the
in
NO. 1573.
385
They are arranged

the first antennae and outside the second antenna.
on either side one behind the other, the posterior one being three or
four times as large as the anterior and both being oUiptical in shape.
The third pair are nearly circular and lie on either side of the mouth
tube at about its center; the fourth or posterior pair are formed on
the edges of the lateral plates of the second thorax segment. They
are elongated, irregular in outline, and inclined toward the central
axis.
Of the appendages the first antennae are very small and two-jointed,
the joints not very well supplied with setae; the second antennae are
large, three-jointed, and terminate in the usual claw, which has a
double curve
pointed, and
The mouth tube
like the letter S.

is
is
very slender and
fully twice the length of the second maxillfS".
The
latter consist of a thick conical basal joint terminating in a spherical
knob, from which extend the two slender, cylindrical terminal joints,
which are inclined outward at an angle of about 45. The mandibles
are slender, the two joints about the same length, and they end in a
terminal claw strongly curved toward its tip and fidly as long as the
joints.
On the outer margin of the terminal joint, near the base of
this claw, is a shorter accessory claw, and between the two claws the
usual tuft of long cilia; both these claws are also densely covered with
short hairs.
The second maxillipeds
are massive and nodose, exactly like those
from what we have seen mferox and frorami of the first pair
two-jointed, of the second and third pairs three-jointed, of the fourth
pair two-lobed and foliaceous.
There is a row of three large adhesion pads along the inner margin
of each of the first legs, two of the pads being on the basal joint and
the other on the first joint of the endopod.
The arrangement of the spines and setae on the swimming legs is as
in Pandarus,
duda.
and
different
The swimming
legs are all biramose, the
1, 0; 2, III: endopod, 0,0; 0, III: second exoV: endopod, 0, I; 0, II; 0, VI: third exopod, 1,1;
Both rami of the fourth
1, I; 4, III: endopod, 0, 0; 1, II; 0, IV.
legs have smooth edges without spines or setae.
The sixth legs are well developed and are situated close to the midline just in front of the base of the abdomen, on the ventral surface of
follows: First exopod,
pod,
1, I;
1,1;
3,
the genital segment.
Each
consists of a two-lobed foliaceous lamina,
similar to those of the fourth legs, but considerably smaller.

width of same, 7.9 mm.; length of genital segment, 7 mm.; width of
same, 4.65 mm.; length of egg-strings, 30 mm.
Color a yellowish green, considerably darker in the thicker parts of
the body, the dorsal plates and thin margins a clear yellow.
(latifolia, latus,
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
wide, Sind folia, plates or wings.)

sxxiii-.07
25
386
vol.
xxxiu
Carapace proportionally much enlarged and very evenly

Male.
rounded, the width one and three-quarters times the length on the
All the thorax joints except the first free as in the female,
mid-line.
and diminishing in size backward.
Dorsal plates on the fourth joint nuich smaller than in the female,
scarcely overlapping the base of the genital segment, and bordered
with fine hairs. Genital segment oblong, suddenly and considerably
enlarged just back of the center, and then contracted abruptly to the
base of the abdomen, with a deeply concave posterior margin. At
its widest point it is only one-third the width of the carapace, and is
about one-fourth longer than wide. Abdomen two-jointed, the terminal joint a little larger than the basal and wedge-shaped, the large
Each
anal laminse being attached to the inclined posterior margins.
itself,
and
carries
three
large
the
joint
as
as
is
fully
large
of them
and one small plumose setse.

The appendages are exactly like those in the female, with the exception of the fourth legs; here the rami have not been transformed into
laminae, but are each two-jointed and armed with short plumose setae
and spines, like the other legs.
Total length, 8.3 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 3 mm.;
width of same, 5.2 mm.; length of gential segment, 2 mm.; width of
same, 1.65 mm.; length of abdomen, 1.7 mm.
Color as in the female.
This species appears fairly common upon the large sharks along
our Atlantic coast, and the U. S. National Museum collection includes
Cat. No.
five lots, all from the mackerel shark, Lamna cornubica.
32782 U.S.N.M., six females from a station 120 miles off Woods
Hole; Cat. No. 32784, U.S.N.M., three males taken with the females
of the preceding lot; Cat.
unknown;
No. 12676, U.S.N.M.,
six females, locality
from Cox's Ledge,

N. M., a single female taken on
Cat. No. 12677, U. S. N. M., six females
Massachusetts; Cat. No. 8107, U.

the coast of England.
S.
DINEMATURA MUSTELI-L^VIS
Dinemoura
musleli-lsevis
Hesse,
1880, p. 5, pi.
i,
Hesse.
figs. 1 to 16.
The description of both sexes as given by Hesse, and the figures,

make this an anomalous and entirely original form, unlike anything
found in the entire group of parasitic copepods.
It is stated in the text that the female is 15 mm. long and 8 wide;
both full-length figures of the female are a little more than three times
The text further states that this sex has three free
thorax segments in front of the genital segment, the third one bearing
a pair of dorsal plates. The first antennae are four-jointed, the second
pair six-jointed; the maxillae are also six-jointed and ^nd in along
curved claw. The swimming legs are all biramose, but each ramus
as long as wide.

contains only a single joint; the
abdomen is
the genital segment, and there
is
387
entirely concealed beneath

not even a trace of any sixth segment. The egg-tubes come out of the posterior lobes of the genital
segment, behind the tips of the anal laminae.
The male is even more wondei-fidly made; he possesses five free
thorax segments in front of the genital segment, but there are only
two pairs of swimming legs for the entire five segments.
The first antenniP are three-jointed, the second pair four-jointed;
the maxillie are five-jointed and terminate in a stout claw. The
mouth-tube is jointed twice, and the three
parts are of different diameters; the eyes
are triangular.
The swimming
legs are all
biramose and the rami are one-jointed, as

in the female, while each anal lamina is
furnished with a large sucker on its base,
close to the anus.
Of course such a description takes away

all
possibility of locating the species accu-
rately; the only thing
certainty
we can afhrm with
that the species does not be-
is
long to the genus Dinematura, where Hesse
has placed
The
it.
size
female's body, especially
and shape
of the
when seen
in dor-
genus DemoBut the male is a perfect enigma, in

view of which we are obliged to leave the
sal view, suggests strongly the
leus.
species unlocated
and await further
infor-
mation.
Genus
PANDARUS
Pandarus (P.
Leach,
1816, p. 405.
Body an elongated oval or

cephalo thorax semielliptical, usu-
Female.
elli])se;
bicolor)
Leach.
Fig. 15. Dorsal
view of a fe-
male Pandarus
shownarrowed anteriorly, and covered with ing THE PARTS OFsinuatus,

THE BODY.
a smooth carapace destitute of grooves;
posterior lobes short, the margin between them armed with teeth or
spines, or sometimes sinuate (fig. 15.)
Eyes usually invisible in the
adult, but visible in the young.
Free thorax segments each furnished
with a pair of dorsal plates, which are stiff and rigid, elytra-form; those
on the second segment are lateral, the others median, the third pair
ally
overlapping to a greater or less extent the genital segment. This latter is considerably enlarged, elliptical, or sometimes narrowed posteriorly and prolonged
backward
into lobes at the posterior corners.
dorsal surface of this segment
most
is
hardened
like the carapace,
species gives evidence of being a fusion of
two
The
and
in
plates, like those
"
388
on the other thorax segments.
VOL. XXXIII.
Sixth segment represented by a median
lobe or process attached to the base of the posterior sinus of the geniAbdomen
tal segment, and without dorsal plates or rudimentary legs.
short and broad, two-jointed, usually narrowed anteriorly and atAbdomen
tached to the ventral surface of the genital segment.
covered dorsally by the rudimentary sixth segment lobe, ventrally

by a plate, short and wide, and not reaching the posterior margin of
the dorsal lobe.
Attached to either side of the ventral plate at its base, and to the
side of the abdomen, is a peculiarly modified anal lamina; the two
are usually divergent, with a thickened conical outer margin and two
membranous wings, dorsal and ventral, on the inner margin. Four
pairs of adhesion pads on the ventral surface of the carapace, one pair at the base of
the first antennae, one at the base of the
second antenna, a third between the bases
of the first maxillipeds, and the fourth on
the lateral margins of the first pair of thorax
plates, opposite the first legs.
Second maxillipeds much swollen and

armed with a pair of roughened,
forceps-like knobs instead of a terminal claw.
Four pairs of biramose swimming legs, the
rami all laminate, indistinctly jointed, and
Egg tubes
usually armed with spines only.
straight, uniseriate, close together, and usually much longer than the body.
Male. The original type of the genus
Nogaus (fig. 16). Carapace broad and well
Fig. 16.-- Dorsal view of a male
rounded; posterior lobes prominent, trianguor Pandarus cranchii: this
inward; posterior
lar, and usually turned
IS THE "NOGAUS LATREILLII
UPON WHICH Leach founded margin straight and armed with a pair of
Drawn
HIS GENUS Nogaus.
secondary lobes, one on either side, close to
BY EMERTON.
the base of the posterior lobe; lateral grooves
distinct, turned sharph^ outward near the anterior end and extending
Frontal
to the margin of the carapace just behind the first antennte.
plates wide and prominent, anterior margin fairly straight and not
enlarged,
deeply cut at the center; eyes often visible in the adults. Free thorax
^segments without dorsal plates, diminishing in width from in front
backward, the first one (really the second segment) with a pair of
lateral lobes extending diagonall}^ backward and outward, the others
without lobes.
Genital and sixth segments fused, considerably enlarged, and furnished with two pairs of rudimentary legs, one, the sixth, at the posterior corners,
and the other, the
fifth,
on the
lateral margins;
both
NO. 1573.
pairs prominent.
Abdomen
389
two-jointed, joints the
laminae large, well flattened, and
armed with four
same
size;
large setae, of
anal
which
is separated from the other three.

Ventral surface of the carapace with the same adhesion pads as
the female.
Second maxillipeds enlarged, sometimes with a terminal
claw and sometimes with pincher knobs, both varieties occurring in
the same species. The four pairs of swimming legs biramose, all the
the inner one
rami two-jointed and armed with large plumose setse.

(Pandarus, the leader of the Lycians in the Trojan war.)
The distinguishing characters of a female Pandarus are the ])aired
dorsal plates on the free thorax segments, the rudimentary sixth segment, and the peculiarly modified anal laminae (fig. 15). Of the dorsal thorax plates, the first pair extend diagonally backward over the
lateral margins of the third pair and may even reach beyond the latter (satyrus).
In some species (sinuatus) they are short and plum]i, with wellrounded outlines; in others (satyrus) they are long and narrow, with
their lateral margins comparatively
straight.
Between their bases lies an un])aired

median plate, which covers the remainder of this second segment and pro ects
j
but a comparatively short distance

behind the posterior margin of the
carapace, either terminating in a
straight line (sinuatus, satyrus, cran-,..,,
,,
7
/I
\
c/m)
broadly concave (bicoior) or
the genital segpandarus sinuatus, with the

SIXTH SEGMENT AND ABDOMEN STILL ATtacked, end view, showing the dis-
fig. i7.-section of
^^^"^ o^
both the latter over- ânce between the dorsal plate and
lapping the third segment. The bases
of this first pair of plates are furthermore separated by so wide an
interval as to leave nearly the whole of the small second pair uncovered between them. These latter are much the smallest j)air in every
species, and are more or less fused at the median line, the sinus
separating them being sometimes a mere notch at the center of the
posterior edge of the fused plates (cranchii) or even entirely lacking,
so that the plates seem like one (brevicaudis)
Anteriorly their articulation is usually concealed beneath the posterior border of the central plate of the second segment.
The tliird pair of plates are the largest of the three and they overlap
the genital segment for a greater or less distance, sometimes nearly
convex
(smitJiii)
covering
it
(armatus, smithii, satyrus).
The rounded
posterior extremity of the
the genus
body
is
a second charac-
formed dorsally by a rudimentary lobe or process representing the sixth thorax segment, which is
elliptical or oval in young females and does not completely fill the
sinus of the genital segment, but in mature females it fits tliis sinus
teristic of
this
extremity
is
390
vol.xxxiii.
That this is really the

exactly, leaving no space around its margin.
rudiment of a sixth thoracic lobe and not a part of the abdomen, as it
has been hitherto regarded, is proven in several ways. First, by analogy, it corresponds exactly to the similar lobe found in Dinematura (see
Again, it is not connected with
p. 374) and Echthrogaleus (see p. 362).
the abdomen, but is raised some distance above the dorsal surface of
the latter (fig. 17). Furthermore, it is not a fusion of two plates, but
is unpaired and median from the very beginning (see fig. 182)
In the
matured female it is always above the egg strings, while the abdomen
is below them.
If it is to be regarded as a dorsal abdominal plate,
therefore, we have the anomaly of the egg strings passing through the
abdomen, or at least beneath its dorsal plate. Some writers have
claimed this very thing, but it is entirely without precedent, and
would constitute an anatomical freak of the most capricious sort.
On the other hand, if this be the rudimentary sixth segment, everything is exactly as in the other genera; the egg strings come out from
the ventral surface of the genital segment, beneath the sixth segment
and above the abdomen exactly as they do in Dinematura and
.
Echthrogaleus.
Finally, we have the testimony of the male, in every species of
which, so far as known, a sixth pair of legs is prominent on the genital
segment as well as a fifth pair.

Such cumulative evidence is convincing and fairly proves that
the dorsal plate can not belong to the abdomen, but must represent
the sixth segment.
The
ventral plate, on the other hand, does remain in contact with
abdomen to the very tip of the latter. As

a consequence the terminal half of the abdomen is drawn down to
the plate tightly and lies along its dorsal surface.
As the two lobes
at the tip of the abdomen on either side of the anus fuse with the
ventral plate, the tips of the lobes themselves also fuse with each
other and the anus ceases to be any longer terminal, but opens up.
dorsally from the surface of the ventral plate.
When the genital segment is thickened by the maturing of the eggs and the coiling of the
distended oviduct, the dorsal plate of the sixth segment and the ventral plate of the abdomen are separated some distance from each
other, while the body of the abdomen lies between them (fig. 17).
Wlien the eggs finally emerge into the egg strings, the latter are
pushed through the spaces between the posterior lobes of the genital
segment and the body of the abdomen, above the ventral plate of
the latter. They do not, therefore, pass through the abdomen at all,
but are entirely outside of it. In this way, although the openings
of the oviduct are some distance apart, the egg strings are brought
together on the mid line and carried backward side by side so close
together as to be often in actual contact.
the ventral surface of the
NO. 1573.
The anal laminae next demand
attention.
have deceived many
They
391
are modified so
who have
examined only adult specimens. Leach, who founded the genus in
1816 upon two species, Pandarus hicolor and P. hoscii (really two
variations of the same species), described them as the notched apex
But this term ''abdomen" as he used it included
of the "abdomen."
the genital segment and the sixth segment, as well as the true abdomen, which latter he seems to have entirely overlooked, since no
mention is matle of it.
Many of the long list of observers since his day have likewise overlooked the anal lamintr altogether or have designated them as a part
Desmarest (1825), in his brief diagnosis of
of the genital segment.
this genus, twice mentions the "deux soies" at the posterior end of
the body. But since under the species diagnoses he states that these
"soies" are from one and a half to two times as long as the body, he
is evidently speaking of the egg strings, and no mention is made of
peculiarly as to
of the investigators
the anal laminae.
Milne Edwards (1840) says:

L'abdomen est court, et presente une structure tres singuliero- il se compose de
deux scgmens, dont le premier porte de chaque cote uu appendice, et se trouve recouvert au dessus par le second
lame caudale (p. 466).
He
is
thus the
first
cpii
nait pres de son bord anterieur, et a la forme d'une
to definitely recognize
any appendages
in this
part of the body, but he evidently found considerable difficidty in
"two segments"
of the abdomen, since what

from the anterior border of the "first"
and lies directly over the latter. This would be a mistake, however
we may regard the "appendages," since it would assign them to the
"first" or basal segment, when they are plainly borne on the terminal
segment in the young female (Plate XXXII, fig. 182).
Dana (1852) seems to be the first to recognize these appendages as
the arrangement of the
he
calls the
"second"
actually anal laminae.
Abdomen two
arises
In his diagnosis of this genus he
saj^s
second segment posteriorly rounded, and having

on the sides the caudal stylets, last segment concealed below the second. * * *
Caudal stylets styliform, acute, nearly naked (p. 1364).
In
first
all
to three jointed,
his descriptions
segment
of the
Dana
regards the genital segment as the
abdomen, hence
his
this dorsal plate or lobe, while his "last
"second segment" would be

segment" would be the true
abdomen.
He
thus reverses the arrangement given by Milne Edwards and
presents the segments in their true sequence, but the "caudal stylets" are not attached to the sides of the dorsal lobe, nor are they
connected with
abdomen,
it
in
any way; they
arise
from the
sides of the true
his "last segment."
Heller (1865) gives as the conclusion of his genus diagnosis:

Annuhls
Cauda
genitalis su1>quadratus,
ovalis, stylis
jjostice
duplo longioribus.
angustior,
angulis jjosterioribus acutis
PnOCEEDlNCrS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
392
vol.
xxxm.
In the text he speaks of these appendages as "die seitlichen

Anliange" (p. 204) and "die seithchen Schwanzanhange " (p. 206),
but makes no attempt to explain them or their position. This, taken
in connection with the fact that he is so particular to designate them
as "seitlichen," would indicate that he did not recognize them as
anal laminae.
Brady
(1883), in his genus diagnosis, says clearly:
Abdomen two
of the
or three jointed,
abdomen, acute,
rounded behind; caudal
stylets
borne on the side
styliform, nonsetiforous (p. 133).
This, together with Dana's clear statement, ought to
have estaband yet we find BassettSmith as late as 1899 giving a genus diagnosis in which he says:
"Genital segment terminating in two minute points, and at the base of
the abdomen are two lateral, sharp,
dentate appendages" (p. 466).
Nothing further is said in reference to them, and we are left to
lished the nature of these appendages,
interpret
them
as
That they are
we
please.
really anal lam-
is abundanth'' proven b}^ an

examination of the young of any
species.
In some of these the
inae
lamiufB
are similar to those in

other genera belonging to this subfamily, with the' single exception
that they are armed with nonplumose spines instead of plumose

setae
fig.
(see sinuatus,
Plate
XXXII,
182).
As development proceeds
the
laminge change their position from

Fig. 18. The genital
segment and abdomen the
OF Pandarus ceanchii, showing anal lamina WITH TWO WINGS, DORSAL AND VENTRAL.
posterior margin to the base
abdomen, at the same time

becoming modified in form until
of the
they finally reach the adult condition.

In other species (bicolor,
cranchii, etc.) the laminae are changed considerably, even in very
young specimens, by a thickening of the outer margin and the addition of two wings, a dorsal and a ventral, on the inner margin
(fig.
As
18).
_
to the function of these specially modified anal laminae they
may
perhaps serve as a guide to the egg-strings while the latter are

from the genital segment. The openings of the oviducts are
widely separated and relatively close to the lateral margins of the
genital segment.
Instead of passing directly back from their respective openings, and thus remaining some distance apart, the eggissuing
NO. 1673.
Parasitic coPEPODs WILSON.
strings are bent inward as soon as they
ment and
backward
393
emerge from the genital seg-
together on the mid-line. They then turn

side and so close together that they are usually in
are brought
side
by
contact.
In those species whose anal laminae have well-developed wings on

the inner margin the egg-strings pass backward between the two
wings. This brings the thickened conical outer margin of the laminae outside the egg-strings and thus holds them in together.
The distinguishing characters
of a
male Pandarus are the large
secondary lobes arising from the posterior border of the carapace

inside the regular posterior lobes, the two pairs of rudimentary swim-
ming
joints
on the genital segment, the two-jointed abdomen with the

of equal length, and the fact that all the rami of the swimming
legs
legs are two-jointed.
Secondary lobes are found on the posterior
margm
of the carapace
in some of the other genera also (Perissopus, Nesippus, etc.), but

Pandarus, and are easily overlooked,
they are much smaller than
while here they are prominent in all the species examined and one
of the first characters that would be noticed.
In most of the other Nogaus males there are no rudimentary legs
visible on the genital segment; here in each of the known species
there are two pairs, well defined and promment.
Their presence is indicative that the so-called genital segment is
really a fusion of two segments, the fifth and sLxth thoracic segments, each wdth its pair of legs. This idea has been already advanced
by the author,*^ and it receives particular confirmation here, where
evidences of fusion are shown also in the genital segment of the
Scattered testimony was furnished by the two pairs of legs
female.
on the genital segment of some Caligus species (for mstance, isonyx,
pelamydis, stromatei, etc.) and of many LepeopJitheirus species (for
instance, nordmannii, Mppoglossi, edwardsi, d.issiniulatus etc.) and
in the structure of the genital segment in the male of the genus
Homoiotes. Here among the Pandarinse the segment itself is plamly
differentiated in Dinematura, and is indicated by the rudimentary
plate in Pandarus and EcMlirogaleus.
With this accumulation of evidence we can no longer doubt that
there are really six segments in the thorax of all the Caligidae, two of
which, the fifth and the sixth, are ordinarily so thorougiih^ fused as
Wlien only one pair of legs is visible on the
to be indistinguishable.
genital segment it is usually the sixth pau' at the posterior corners,
instead of the fifth pair, as we have been calling them.
In 1861 Steenstrup and Liitken suggested that the genus Pandarus
ought to be separated into two subdivisions one to include the true
genus Pandarus, made up of Pandarus crancliii as a type, together
,
oProc. U.
S.
Nat. Mus.,
XXVIII,
p. 662.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ilWEUM.
394
vol.
xxxm.
with Dana's hrevicaudis, concinnus, and satyrus, and Milne Edwards's

dentatus, pallidus,
and
vulgaris.
The other subdivision which was to constitute a new genus, differing from Pandarus as Eclithrogaleus differs from Dinematura, was to
have Pandarus hicolor for its type, and to differ from the true Pandarus,
first,
in the fact that the
have a
far fused as to
the
somewhat
two anterior thorax segments are so
common
different,
more
four-parted dorsal plate secondly, in

elongated form of the thorax segments,
;
and, lastly, in the fact that the anal laminae are not spine-like, but
laminate.
Under any conditions the authors would have to change their

recommendation and leave P. hicolor the type of the true genus,
because this is the species upon which Leach originally founded the
genus Pandarus. But differences of the sort they mention would
have to be far more pronounced than we actually find them in order
to become of generic value, and also more constant.
Different specimens of hicolor show very different degrees of fusion
in the first two thoracic plates, and different degrees of elongation in
the thoracic segments; and in every species so far as known the
anal laminae are flattened and plate-like in the young, and tend to
become spine-like on further development.
It is much preferable, therefore, with our present knowledge of the
species, to keep them all in one genus.
KEY TO THE
a.
into dentate
a.
SPECIES.
Females, free thorax and genital segments covered by paired dorsal plates;
sixth segment as a rudimentary plate attached to the posterior sinus of genital
segment; abdomen wide and very short, one-jointed; anal laminae modified
appendages on the sides
of the
abdomen near the base
b.
Males, carapace with accessory lobes on the posterior margin inside the poste-
no dorsal plates; genital segment with two pairs of rudimentary

elongate, two-jointed, joints about the same length
h.
Lateral plates of second segment more or less fused with median ones of
third segment, which lie between them and reach beyond their tips
c.
Lateral plates of second segment reaching far behind the tips of the median
plates of third segment, which lie between them, but are entirely dis-
rior lobes;
legs;
b.
b.
abdomen
tinct
b.
c.
Plates of second segment fused across the mid-line in front of those on third
segment the
but distinct from the former

brevicaudis Dana, 1852, p. 397.
Fused plates of second and third segments about the same size as those on the
fourth and genital segments; sixth segment plate circular in outline
d.
Fused plates of second and third segments much shorter than those on the
fourth and genital segments; the latter apparently fused; sixth segment
plate elliptical in outline and nearly as large as the genital segment
affinis Beneden, 1892, p. 431.
Fused plates of second and third segments the same size as those on the fourth
segment, but much smaller, than those on the genital segment; sixth segment
plate wide, but nearly concealed
spinacii-achantias Hesse, 1883, p. 458.
;
c.
c.
c.
latter fused inter
se,

d.
d.
395
Frontal plates projecting as a semicircular rostrum between the antennoe;

sinuses between the dorsal plates very deep and slit-like; sixth segment
xmicolor Hesse, 1883, p. 31)0.
plate half the width of the genital segment
Frontal plates projecting as a semicircular rostrum between the antenna';
lateral plates of second
segment
linear; sixth
segment plate only one-fourth
carcharii-glaucus Hesse, 1883.

the width of the genital segment
straight; plates on secd. Frontal plates scarcely projecting; frontal margin
ond segment as wide as those on third; sixth segment plate three-fifths the
Mcolor Leach, 1816, p. 400.
width of the genital segment
Dorsal plates on the free and genital segments approximately the same size;
e.
/
carapace wedge-shaped, not much narrowed anteriorly
Dorsal plates quite unequal, at least one pair much enlarged or diminished;
g.
much narrowed anteriorly, with strongly convex sides
Frontal plates very narrow, especially on the mid line; dorsal plates <m
third and fourth segments more than twice as wide as long
carapace
f.
cranchii Leach, 1819, p. 403.
Frontal plates wide, and widest at the center; dorsal plates on third and
fourth segments al)out the same width and length, each armed with a
armahts Helkr, 1865.
stout spine on the dorsal surface
Plates of third segment much diminished and completely separated on the
/.
g.
mid
the other median sinuses deep and acute; plates on fourth and
line;
lugubris Heller, 1865.
genital segments equal

g.
Plates of fourth segment
much
enlarged, nearly covering the genital segment;
sinus between plates of third segment deep, often separating them entirely;
other sinuses shallow; sixth segment plate strongly narrowed at its base
smUhii Rathlnin, 1886,

g.
g.
p. 410.
Plates of genital segment enlarged, the others nearly e(iual; all the median
sinuses very shallow; sixth segment plate as long as genital segment, narsatyrus Dana, 1852, p. 415.
rowed but slightly at its base
Plates of fourth and genital segments enlarged, with broad and shallow sinuses;
sinus between plates of third segment narrow and much deeper; sixth segment
sinudtus Say, 1817, p. 417.
plate strongly narrowed at its base
as wide or wider than the
all
segments
free
than
wid^;
longer
Carapace
h.
igenital segment; abdomen wider than long
fourth
curved;
strongly
margins
lateral
long,
the
than
wider
Carapace
h.
segment narrower than genital segment; aV)domen decidedly longer than
wide
i.
*^-
Carapace
elliptical,
tinctly visible;
strongly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly; eyes dis-
exopod
of first legs twice the size of the
endopod
Dana,
brcvicaudis
i.
1852, p. 397.
Carapace orbicular, not visibly narrowed; eyes invisible; rami of

about equal; only one pair of adhesion pads, at base of first antennae
k.
k.
h.
first
legs
smithii Rathbun, 1886, p. 410.

Length of carapace on mid line only one-third the entire length; Iwth
fifth and sixth legs large and prominent, triangular, and acuminate
cranchii Leach, 1819, p. 403.
carapace on mid line two-fifths the entire length; fifth and
sixth legs both small, inconspicuous, and V)luntly rounded
simiatus Say, 1817, p. 417.
Length
of
Length
of
legs
much
carapace on mid line three-eighths the entire length; sixth

smaller than the fifth and hardly visible
bicolor
Leach, 1819, p. 400.
396
vol.
xxxm.
All the species considered valid have been included in this key;
the following have been omitted for the reasons stated: P. alaius
described by Johnston in 1836 has been proved a synonym for Ech-
P. hoscii Leach, 1816, becomes a synonym

P. hicolor of the same author and date. Dana's P. concinnus
can not be distinguished, in the description he has given of it, from
P. cranchii, and may therefore be left as a synonym of the latter until
The same may also be said of Milne Edwards'
further described.
throgaleus coleoptratus.
of
P. dentatus, which becomes another synon3rm of P. cranchii. The

P.Jissifrons of this latter author is probably a synonym of P. hicolor.
P. lamnse, Johnston, 1835, is a synonym of Dinematura producta.
No figures of P. lividus Frey and Leuckart, 1847, have ever been
published, and it is impossible to distinguish it from P. hicolor by the
author's description.
Of Hesse's P.
musteli-lxvis, 1883, neither the
description nor the figures given will warrant
its
inclusion in the
genus Pandarus. The description says nothing whatever about the

thoracic legs except that they are made up of a large femur, terminated by flat laminae, armed with rigid plumose setae. In the three
two of which are the dorsal and ventral surface of the

same specimen, there are so many discrepancies in essential details,
even between the right and left sides of the same figure, that no
As figured and described, not
definite information can be obtained.
figures given,
one of the specimens can belong to the genus Pandarus.

P. pallidus Milne Edwards, 1840, is a synonym of P. crancJiii, and
P. vulgaris of the same author is probably a synonym of this species
Hesse's unicolor has been left in the key, but it may be noted
also.
that he has made many wretched errors in describing it. He had
what he called an adult female, a young female, and a young male;
Plate VI on which the figures of this species are given evidently suffered a bad mixup in the arrangement of the numbers assigned to
the several figures. The present author secured a reprint of the
original paper, bearing Hesse's autograph, in which there has been
a thorough correction (in ink) of the references and a rearrangement
It is impossible to tell whether this was done by
of the numbers.
Hesse himself or by another, but the new numbers fit the description
much better than those originally published.
And yet there are still so many discrepancies between text and
figures that the species must be left on the doubtful list until further
substantiated.
And finally Brady presented in 1883 what he clairjied
as a new species, calling it P. zygsense since it was found on Zyg^na
malleus near the Cape Verde Islands. After careful examination
this proves to be a synonym of P. satyrus Dana (see p. 416).
FA RA Sine COPEPODS WILSON.
PANDARUS BREVICAUDIS
397
Dana.
XXXVI.
Plate
Pandarus brevicaudis Dana, 1852, p. 1368, pi. xcv, figs. 3 a-h.

Pandariis brcvicaudatus Bassett-Smith, 1899, p. 467.
Nogagtis validus
Dana,
1852, p. 1363, pi. xciv,
figs.
9 a-h.
This species includes the two sexes obtained from a shark taken
Ocean, northeast of New Zealand, in the 3êar 1840.
The female Dana described under the name Pandarus brevicaudis,
in the Pacific
and the male under the name Nogagus validus.

No subsequent mention is made of the species until 1889, when
Thomson includes it in his list of the parasitic copepods of New
Zealand, on Dana's authority. He did not see any specimens himself, and he adds that Dana's description ''is brief and unsatisfactory."
In his Entomostraca from the Gulf of Guinea, published in 1894,
Scott mentions a single specimen of Nogagus validus which was taken
in a tow net gathering from a depth of 30 fathoms.
And finally
Bassett-Smith in his Enumeration of KnoA\Ti Species in 1899 mentions both Nogagus validus and Dana's three species of Pandarus.
He calls the latter, however, ^^ Pandarus hrevicaudatus, satyrus, and
cocinnatus," and says of them
''From Sharks in the Pacific
Ocean: imperfectly described" (p. 467). His criticism would have
had more weight if he had shown enough familiarity with Dana's
descriptions to spell correctly the specific names which the latter
.
used.
The
descriptions
Dana has given
are brief, but they are also very
accurate, and, taken with the excellent figures he published, they
do not seem to deserve bping called either unsatisfactory or imperThe following includes practically all that was given hj Dana,
with the addition of many new facts, especially with reference to
fect.
the male.
Female.
Carapace,
including the posterior lobes, slightly longer
than wide, suboval, narrowed anteriorh^.
Frontal plates narrow and

appressed closely to the carapace; scarcely enlarged at their outer
ends, where they overlap two-tliirds of the basal joints of the first
antennae.
Posterior lobes remarkably long, half the length of the
carapace on the nud-line and reaching back to the posterior margin
of the third segment; triangular in shape wath obtuse ends.
Posterior margin of the carapace between the lobes smooth, with no trace
of teeth or spines, and slightly concave.
Eyes close together and
about two-fifths of the length of the carapace from its anterior
margin.
Dorsal plates on the second thorax segment fused across the mid-Hne
by a band which is longer than the second or third pair of plates, and
wliich causes the segment to resemble very closely the corresponding one
in the male, the slightly oblique wings on the lateral margins answêr-
398
voi.xxxm.
ing to the lateral processes in the male. The second pair of dorsal
plates are much shorter and fit inside the wings of the first pair;
there is only a shallow emargination (no sinus at all) on their poste-
border to indicate their dual origin.. The third pair are more
deeply incised, a trifle wider, and considerably longer; the sinus
between them is broad and evenly rounded.
Genital segment subquadrate, narrowed a little posteriorly and
armed with a minute spine on either side just in front of the posterior
which are obliquely truncated. The posterior margin

having a single deeply rounded sinus at
the center, as in most species, has two shallow sinuses, one on either
side, meeting at the center in a point which projects backward over
the abdomen. The anal laminae project from beneath the center of
these sinuses and are about three times the length of the dorsal plate
rior corners,
of this segment, instead of
of the sixth segment.
They are only slightly divergent, with the outer margins straight,
while the inner ones are armed Avith the usual wings, dentate near
Sixth segment plate \vider than long, with an
their posterior ends.
evenly rounded margin; abdomen very small, its ventral plate
scarcely projecting beliind
The two
its
posterior border.
joints of the first antennae
about equal; no
setae
on the
basal joint and only a few on the terminal; second antennae stout,
the terminal claw with a swollen base and a sharp curve close to the
no accessory spines. The adhesion pads relatively small, the

two pairs about the same size and shape, circular, the fourth
Second maxillae trianpair narrow elliptical, twice as long as wide.
gular, short and very blunt; first maxillipeds stout and fleshy, the
two joints of nearly the same length, as are also the two claws at the
Second pair large and much swollen, with
tip of the terminal joint.
the distal knob of the pincher jaws several times the size of the
proximal one. Basal joint of the first swimming legs subquadrate,
exopod nearly twice the length of the endopod; basal joint of the
exopod longer than the terminal; the two joints of the endopod the
same length. Second and third legs with two-jointed rami, which
are smaller than usual; spines confined to the tips of the terminal
joints; rami of the fourth legs apparently one-jointed, exopod only
with spines, endopod naked.
Total length, 6.2 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 3 nmi.;
width of same, 3.7 mm.; combined length of dorsal plates on the
tip;
first
three thorax segments, 2

Male.
Carapace a
length of genital segment, 1.6 mm.

longer than wide, including the posterior
mm.;
little
lobes, ovate, the anterior portion considerably narrowed.
Frontal plates narrow, closely compressed to the carapace, not

enlarged at the outer ends, but overlapping nearly the whole of the
basal joints of the
first
antennae as in the female.
NO. J573.
399
Posterior lobes broad, bluntly rounded, and exceptionally long,

reaching back neariy to the fourth thorax segment; posterior margin
between the lobes nearly straight; accessory lobes small, semielliptical,
the
wider than long.
same
Eyes
and
in approximately
thorax segments of
one-half as wide again as the
close together
position as in the female.
Three
free
about the same length, but the first

other two, which are nearly equal.
Lateral appendages of the second segment wide, divergent, bluntly
rounded at the tip and reaching beyond the posterior margin of the
third segment.
Each is reenforced on its inner margin with a wide,
Tliird and fourth segments the same
transparent, membranous flap.
width as the genital segment, with evenly rounded sides, and without
lateral appendages.
Genital segment subquadrate, the sides slightly convex, the posterior angles prolonged a little into small rounded lobes, with a second
pair ot small lobes just in front of them on the lateral margins; both
pairs of lobes are armed on their ventral surface with small spines.
Abdomen two-jointed, joints the same width, but the basal one
not more than half the length of the terminal; the latter has its
posterior angles obliquely truncated and the anal incision is deep
and triangular. Anal laminae large, a trifle longer than wide, the
posterior margins nearly straight and armed with four large plumose
setae, evenly graded in length, the outer ones the longest.
Joints of
the first antennae the same length, setae longer than in the female;
terminal claw of the second antennae also much longer and more
slender, but the claw is bent similarly at a sharp angle near the tip.
First maxillipeds the counterpart of those of the female, except
that the outer terminal claw is one-third shorter than the inner;
second pair ver}^ large and swollen, the movable finger of the forceps
jaws developed into a long curved claw, the stationary one a rounded
knob. All the swimixdng legs biramose, the rami two-jointed, with
the spines and setae arranged as follows: First exopod, 1, 0; 4, III:
endopod, 0, 0; 0, III: second exopod, 1, I; 3, VI: endopod, 0, I;
0, VI: tlurd exopod, 0, I; 3, VI: endopod, 0, I; 0, VI: fourth exopod, 1,1; 0, VI: endopod, 1,1; 0, IV.
width of same, 3.85 mm.; length of three free segments, 2.13 mm,;
Color of both sexes (preserved material) a yellowish brown, darker
along the nud-line, ^^dthout pigment markings.
and cauda, tail.)

National Museum Collection contains a male of this
species with the following label: '' Nogagus validus (Dana), No. 6822,
on Carcharias between Papua and Japan, G. S. Brady, England,
Ace. No. 14181, Exchange.''
This therefore is not one of Dana's
original specimens, but was taken on the Challenger expedition and
(brevicaudis, hrevis, short,
The U.
S.
400
vol.
xxxm.
by Brady with Dana's species, which came from exactly

It is now made the type male of Pandarus hrevicaudis, the perfect agreement in anatomy being sufficient to identify
Furtherthe two specimens as male and female of the same species.
identified
the same locahty.
more, Dana's original specimens of Nogagus validus and Pandarus

hrevicaudis were found together on the
same
PANDARUS BICOLOR
fish.
Leach.
Plate XXVII.
Pandarus bicolor Leach, 1816, p. 405, pi. xx, 2
P. boscii Leach, 1816, p. 406, pi. xx, 10 figs.
Caligits bicolor
Lamarck,
figs.
1818, p. 142.
Pandarus fissifrons Milne Edwards, 1840,
p. 470.
Female. Body elongate, length more than twice the width;

carapace semielliptical, one-third the entire length, widest across the
Frontal plates wide and prominent, the groove
posterior margin.
between each frontal plate and the margin of the carapace S-shaped,
the center of the carapace projecting as a knob on either side of the
central incision between the frontal plates.
Posterior lobes short and broad; posterior margin a nearly uniform
curve, the center of which is sinuate, but not toothed.
Dorsal plates of second thorax segment short and narrow, not
reaching the tips of the plates on the third segment and fused across
the mid-line, their posterior margins forming an evenly rounded
any break that can be detected.

Second pair of plates nearly circular, with a deep and broad
median incision, which is somewhat enlarged at its base. These
plates reach back a little beyond the first pair.
Third pair much
enlarged, elliptical, as wide as the carapace, and overlapping the
genital segment for about half its length.
The central sinus is deep,
broadly triangular, and rounded at its base.
Genital segment elliptical, one-fifth narrower than the carapace,
with broadly rounded posterior lobes and a shallow sinus.
Sixth segment plate half the width of the genital segment, its
posterior two-thirds the evenly rounded arc of a circle, its anterior
semicircle, without
third fitting into the sinus in the genital segment.
Abdomen medium
size, its
ventral plate quadrangular, with
tlie
and the posterior margin slightly

concave. Anal laminfe triangular, as wide at the base as they are
long, extending out at right angles to the median axis and so short
that they scarcely reach the lateral margin of the genital segment?
They are not toothed, but have smooth edges.
First antennae small, the whole basal and part of the terminal
joint concealed beneath the frontal plates, neither joint heavily
armed with setae. Second pair small, the basal joints not much
free
portion
broadly rounded
PA RA SITIC COPEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
401
an accessory spine on the

all have their long
inner margin.
diameters parallel with the body axis. The fost two pairs are close
together, those at the base of the first antennae being elliptical and
half as long again as the second pair, which are broadly obovate, the
swollen, the terminal claw slender, with
The four
pairs of adhesion pads
width and length being the same. The fourth pair are also elliptical,
twice as long as wide, and considerably larger than the first pair.
Mandibles and mouth tube of the form usual in tliis genus; maxillae biramose, the endopod more than twice the length of the exopod,
each ramus armed with a short terminal spine.
First maxillipeds slender, the two joints about the same length, the
longer terminal claw strongly curved, the shorter one nearly straight.
Second pair much swollen, armed with a corrugated ridge having a
spherical knob at either end, the knobs roughened on their inner
The rami of all the
surfaces and shutting together like forceps.
swimming legs are indistinctly jointed; first pair small and weak, the
exopod considerably longer than the endopod and bearing five spines,
four on the outer end and one on the inner margin no spines on the
endopod. In the exopod the basal joint is much larger than the
terminal, in the endopod it is much smaller; both rami are enlarged
;
The second, third, and fourth legs increase regularly

and particularly in the length of the rami.
In the second pair the two joints of the exopod are equal, the basal
joint witli a single spine at its outer distal corner, the terminal with
a row of ten curved spines around its terminal and inner margins.
The terminal joint of the endopod is four times the size of the basal
and is armed with three spines, two in the position of a toe nail on
In the third legs the terminal
the inner margin and one on the outer.
The terminal
joints of both rami are much longer than the basal.
joint of the endopod has two claw spines at the inner distal corner,
while the entire tip of the exopod is covered with a row of spines.
In the fourth legs the endopod is apparently one-jointed, with a
single spine at its inner distal corner, but in all probability it is really
a fusion of two joints in conformity with the other species of the
The exopod carries a spine at the outer distal corner of the
genus.
basal joint and two at the inner distal corner of the terminal joint.
Of the reproductive organs, the semen receptacle is V-shaped, the
point of the V being anterior, with the two sides almost entirely
separated from each other. Each side is short, straight, and slightly
at their tips.
in size,
enlarged at the end.
The oviduct
is
so densely coiled in the genital
segment, especially in its posterior portion, as to effectually conceal

the cement glands. These oviduct coils are wider than those in
cranchii and more tightly packed.
width of same, 3.65 mm.; length of first plates, 1 mm.; of second
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
26
402
plates, 1.375
3.4
mm.;
strings, 13
mm.;
of third plates, 1.65
vol. xxxiii.
mm.; width of third plates,

mm.; length of egg-
length of sixth segment plate, 1.65
mm.
Color a rich creamy yellow, the dorsal surface of the carapace and
of the second and third pairs of thoracic plates a deep chocolate
brown, a light and transparent spot being left around the eyes, much
the same as in crancMi.

{hicolor, hi, or his, two, and
color, colored.)
Carapace orbicular,
a little more than one-third the entire

Frontal plates wide and
length on the mid-line, wider than long.
prominent, with a broad and shallow central sinus; posterior lobes
Male.
wide and bluntly rounded. Second thorax segment about filling the
space between the posterior lobes; third and fourth segments narrowing regularly, the fourth segment of peculiar form, like an inverted
Genital
flask, the anterior half twice the width of the posterior.
segment elliptical with two pairs of rudimentary legs, one at the
posterior corners and the other some little distance in front of them
on the lateral margins; the two pairs about the same size and similarly armed.
Abdomen two-jointed, joints equal; anal laminae large
and broad, armed with four setae, all about the same length. Terminal claws on the second antennae longer and more powerfid than
Second maxillipeds with a
in the female, with two accessory spines.
All the legs biramose,
distinct claw in place of the knob-like forceps.
the rami two-jointed and armed with stout plumose setae.
Total length, 6 mm. length of carapace on mid-line, 2.1 mm.; width
of same, 2.6 mm.; length of free thorax, 1.65 mm.; length of genital
segment, 1.2 mm.
Color, yellow slightly tinged with brown.
This species possesses peculiar interest, because it is the one on
which Leach founded the genus Pandarus in 1816. But he gave
practically no distinctive characters for the two species which he
presented, the only differences cited being a black pigment in the
''shell and the middle of the abdominal lamellae" of hicolor, the first
and therefore the type species, while hoscii, the second species, had
There was also a trifling difference
a pale body devoid of pigment.
in the length of the egg-tubes.
From the figures given by Leach of
these two species on Plate
of his 1816 article it is evident that
they are identical and that the species named hoscii is simply a young
female hicolor in which the pigment has not yet been formed.
This is shown by an identity of structure so great that Leach presents but a single set of figures to illustrate the appendages of the
two species, and by a little difference in size, hicolor being larger and
having longer egg-strings, as would naturally be expected. This
;
XX
same condition
often noticed in sinuatus, and, in fact, in
is
pigmented species
all
the
the younger and immature forms usually have no
PARASITW VOPEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
403
pigment, while the mature adults may be densely colored with it.
Every lot of specimens containing more than a few individuals shows
The U. S. National Museum Collection contains but
these variations.
a single lot of this species, Cat. No. 8120, U.S.N.M., obtained from
a dogfish off the coast of Shetland.
Evidently this is a European species, since nearly every European
author mentions it, while it has not yet been found on tliis side of
the Atlantic.
PANDARUS CRANCHII
Leach.
Tlate XXVIII.
Pandarus cranchii Leach, 1819, p. 535.
Pandarus carcJiarisc (?) Leach, 1819, p. 535.
Pandarus pallidus Milne Edwards, 1840, p. 468.
Pandarus nilgaris Milne Edwards, 1840, p. 468.
Pandarus dentatus Milne Edwards, 1840, p. 469, pL xxxvm, fig. 19.
Nogaus latreillii Leach, 1819, p. 536 (male).
Pandarus cranchii Milne Edwards, Atlas du Regno animal, pi. lxxviii,
figs.
2 a
to d.
Body
obovate, strongly narrowed posteriorly; carapace

wedge-shaped,
widest posteriorly, with the lateral marsomewhat
Frontal plates wide and prominent at
gins only slightly rounded.
Eyes situated
their outer ends, thin and linear toward the mid-line.
far forward, visible in those specimens which have no pigment or in
Female.
wliich there are large clear spaces at the center of the carapace;
concealed in the heavily pigmented specimens.

Posterior margin of carapace a shallow reentrant curve, armed with
seven to ten large spines or teeth along the center.

The posterior corners are short and wide and stand out j^rominently
beyond the first pair of dorsal thoracic plates.

The teeth are separated a greater distance from one another than
their own length and reach backward nearly to the posterior margin
second thorax segment.
Dorsal plates of second segment much enlarged, more than twice
the length of those on the third segment, and reaching beyond the
They are slightly enlarged at
center of those on the fourth segment.
the base, but the tip is also broad and evenly roimded.
Plates on the third segment nearly as long as the free portion of
of the central plate of the
the following pair, with a broad and deep central sinus.
Plates on the fourth segment overlapping almost the whole of the
and evenly rounded with a shallow central

In young females these plates do not reach much beyond the
center of the genital segment; in mature adults they often reach its
posterior margin.
Genital segment obovate, strongly narrowed posteriorly and j^roduced into a long triangular point on either side of the sixth segment
genital segment, broad
sinus.
404
plate.
The
vol. xxxni.
one-third longer than wide, and the
latter is ovate,
posterior lobes of the genital segment reach about to its center.
Its
broad posterior end is evenly rounded with a smooth margin, while

The
the narrowed anterior end is slightly reentrant on either side.
ventral plate of the abdomen is short and broad, its posterior margin
and reaching nearly
straight or a little concave,
sixth segment plate
(fig.
to the tip of the
131).
The anal laminae point diagonally outward and backward at an

angle of 45 with the central axis; their thickened outer margin is
In
nearly straight and slightly enlarged where it joins the abdomen.
it is furnished with two wings, the ventral one triangular in shape and extending from the base to about the center
of the lamina, the dorsal one of uniform width and extending the
whole length of the appendage. This dorsal wing is cut diagonally
In
at the distal end and furnished with one or two small teeth.
young females
mature females the wings are more or less absorbed and the thickened margin becomes cylindrical, with two prominent teeth on its
inner side.
The basal
is large, heavily armed on its

and nearly covered by the frontal plate.
joint of the first antennae
ventral surface with
setae,
The terminal joint is peculiar in that it is strongly flattened dorsoand each edge is rolled over ventrally toward the center;
The second antennae are comthis joint is also destitute of setae.
ventrally,
paratively very large; the basal joint
is
considerably larger than the
pad connected with it; the terminal claw is also stout and armed
with two accessory spines. The adhesion pads of the first pair are
obovate, nearly twice as long as wide, with the outer margins straight.
Those of the second pair are circular, their diameter the same as the
width
is
of the first pair;
common
they are separated by a greater distance than
in this genus.
The
third pair are club-shaped, three
times as long as wide, and narrowed anteriorly to a long blunt point.

The fourth pair are elliptical, twice as long as wide, and inclined at
an angle of 30 to the body axis. The mouth-tube and mandibles
show nothing
peculiar; the second maxillae have a short and circular

exopod and a long, tapering endopod, which reaches beyond the
center of the tube; each ramus is tipped with a spine.
First maxillipeds of the usual pattern; second pair enlarged, but
relativeh" smaller than in hicolor, the forceps knobs close together
and standing prominently above the surface.
First swimming legs very small and rudimentary, the exopod boot
or foot shaped, the leg and heel being thick and swollen, while the
toe is long and slender.
There is one spine at the heel, another on
the bottom of the foot in the instep, and two on the joint of the great
The endopod is two-thirds as long as the exopod, with a welltoe.
defined incision on the inner margin, representing the groove between
NO. 1573.
405
the joints, and a single spine at the outer distal corner.
The
ter-
minal joint of the endopod of the second legs is three times as long
as the basal joint and slightly enlarged at the end; both joints without
spines.
The exopod
minal one
is
joints
much
on these legs are the same length, but the
the wider and
nine large curved spines around

joint of the third legs
is
is
its
two and a
armed
margin.
\vith a
row
ter-
of eight or
The terminal endopod
half times the length of the basal
and somewhat barrel-shaped, neither joint with spines. The

exopod joints are the same size, the terminal one with a cluster of
joint
four or five spines at
The rami
its tip.
broad and laminate, the exopod

is indistinct and the only
spines are on the exopod, one on the outer margin and a cluster of
of the fourth legs are
twice the size of the endopod; the jointing

three at the
tip.
Of the reproductive organs the semen receptacle is horseshoeshaped, the opening being posterior, and the two ends of the shoe
being enlarged into spheres; in preserved specimens it is usually
white and opaque. The cement glands can be seen on either side of
the intestine near the ventral surface of the genital segment.
They
are shaped like parentheses marks,
brown and opaque, with no
and
in alcoholic material are
traces of cells or divisions.
dark
The spermathe abdomen
tophores are large and are attached one on either side of

at its base; the long thread-like ducts cross each other on the midline and each empties the contents of its spermatophore into the genital opening on the opposite side of the body.
The oviduct is usually
coiled once in each half of the genital segment, the last section pass-
down alongside of, and close to, the intestine and then turnina:
abruptly outward to the external opening (vulva) wdiich is in the
posterior lobe and just in front of the base of the anal laminae.
Total length, 7.8 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 3.4 mm.;
width of same, 4.5 mm.; length of first thorax plates, 2 mm.; of
second pair, 1 mm.; of third pair, 1.2 mm.; of sixth segment plate,
ing
mm.;
mm.;
egg strings, 8.5 mm.

or less covered with dark
brown-black pigment; the amount of this pigment is very various,
but in the mature adult it usually covers the whole dorsal surface of
the thoracic plates except a narrow border around their margins,
and the whole center of the carapace, leaving a single large or two
separate small spots near the eyes, and the whole of the posterior
1.6
of anal laminae, 1.8
Color, a light brownish yellow,
of
more
lobes free.
Male.
General shape broad
and flat, not strongly arched, with a

on the dorsal surface of the free and genital segments.
Carapace a little wider than long, even including the posterior
lobes, one-half wider than long measured on the mid-line, trans-
weak
keel
406
vol. xxxni.
versely elliptical, the sides and frontal margin forming a very even
curve.
Frontal plates considerably enlarged at the outer ends and
nearly covering the basal joints of the
first
antennae.
Posterior
and curved strongly

inward toward the free throax; their tips reach a little beyond the
center of the third thorax segment, and if straight would probably
lobes wide, triangular, quite sharply pointed,
reach
its
posterior margin.
Grooves separating the cephalic and lateral areas extending forward visibly to the anterior margin just behind the base of the first
antennae.
Posterior margin between the lobes nearly straight, with
no traces of spines or teeth; secondary lobes elliptical, considerably
longer than wide. Eyes visible in the younger specimens close to
the mid-line, one-third the distance from the anterior margin of the
carapace; invisible in mature adults. The three free segments
together one-fourth shorter than the carapace, the second segment
one-thn'd wider than the other two, which are about equal.
The
lateral appendages of tliis segment are very oblique and are partially
covered by the accessory posterior lobes of the carapace.
The sides of the third and fourth thorax segments project a distance equal to half their length and are evenly rounded, giving the
segments an elliptical form, transversely elongated.
Genital segment flat and somewhat elongate, narrowed into a neck
anteriorly where it joins the fourth segment, and carrying two pairs
The larger pair are triangular and situated at

of lobes posteriorly.
the posterior corners; the smaller pair are just in front of them, on
the sides of the segment.
The latter are armed on their ventral and inner margins with
small spines and setae and are evidently the rudimentary fifth legs.
The sixth legs, however, are not on the posterior lobes, but inside
them on the posterior margin of the segment, between the lobes

and the abdomen. They are well shown in this position by both
Steenstrup and Liitken and Kroyer.
Abdomen two-jointed, joints the same length, but the basal one is
somewhat the wider, with strongly convex sides and a slight notch
at the center of the posterior margin.
Terminal joint with an anal
incision which reaches nearly to its base, and with its posterior margin
of
straight or only slightly oblique.
Anal lamina?
abdomen and
which the inner one
from the other three,
large, four-fifths as long as the entire
three-fifths as wide,
each armed with four
setae, of
considerably the smaller, is removed a little

is abruptly curved inward near its base.
First antennte minute and not heavily armed with setae; the
terminal claw of the second pair abruptly bent near its tip and
armed with two accessory claws on its inner surface.
is
and
:
;
NO. 1573.
407
Adhesion pads similar to tliose in the female, but smaller, the pair
on the margins of the lateral lobes of the second thorax segment
especially well developed.
Second maxill?e peculiar in being bent outward away from the

base of the mouth tube nearly in a half circle. Kjoyer, in speaking
of these appendages, says that they are small and indistinct, so that
he could not make them out with certainty. He therefore refrains
from describing them, but Steenstrup and Liitken show them in
This figure, howtheir figure of the ventral surface of this species.
ever, is very small and can not show details, and all they say of these
appendages in the text
is
simply that they are of the usual form.

and it can be seen that
Fig. 133 gives the details of their structure,
they consist of an enlarged basal joint, and a slender terminal spine

First maxillipeds rather small
pointed away from the mouth tube.
and slender; terminal claw on the second pair also slender but long,
the interval between the base of the claw and the immovable knobs
being very wide.
The spines and setae on the swimming legs are arranged as follows
First exopod, 1, 0; 4, III: endopod, 0, 0; 0, III: second endopod,
third exopod, 1, I; 3, IV:
1, I; 4, VI: endopod, 0, I; 0, YIII:
endopod, 0, I; 0, VI: fourth exopod, 3, I; 4,V: endopod, 0,1; 0,V.
Total length, 9.6 mm. Length of carapace on mid-line, 3.2 mm.
Width of same, 4.8 mm. Length of three free segments, 2.4 mm.; of
genital segment, 2.2 mm.; of abdomen, L6 mm.
Steenstrup and Ltitken give their largest specimen as 11 mm. long;
Kroyer states that of the four specimens examined by hmi the largest
was over four lines (9 mm.), the two next in size a little over three
lines (6.75 mm.), while the fourth was smaller.
Color a uniform jêllowish horn color, transparent in living specimens, and often nearly
so in preserved material.
{crancMi, a proper name, see below.)
In 1892 Van Beneden published a description with figures of a
Nogaus which he claimed to be the male of the present species. For a
discussion of tliis form, see page 450.
Again, in 1899 Bassett-Smith suggested that Heller's Nogagus
elongatus was the male of Pandarus dentatus, the latter being one of
the synonyms of the present species. This Nogaus will be found
discussed on page 451.
The true male described above was the type on which Leach
founded in 1819 his new genus Nogaus. The genus itself is discussed
elsewhere (p. 439). We msh to note here only the description which
he gave of this type species:
Nogaus
latreillii.
Couleur pale, sans tache. Decouverte par Cranch, latitude sud,
longitude, est, 4; meridien de Londres (p. 535).
408
This Cranch
is
evidently the same person
of the present species,
and
for
who found
whom it was named;
vol.
xxxm.
the females
in all probability
the two were discovered together on the
no
definite testimony to that effect.
same fish although there is

Of course such a description
as this of Leach's
is absolutely worthless for purposes of identificabut fortunately Milne Edwards had an opportunity to examine
Leach's original specimen in the British Museum, and he published
a much better account of it in his History of the Crustacea in 1840
The description is not very long, but it contains two details
(p. 459).
tion,
wliich practically identify the species.
The
first is as
follows:
Carapace tres large et offrant de chaque cote sur le bord posterieur, tout pres de
son angle latero-posterieur, un lobule arrondi qui semble appartenir au premier anneau thoracique.
This secondary lobe
is
one of the principal characters of Pandarus
males, and would suggest that the species belongs to that genus.
The second
detail is italicized
by Milne Edwards
the principal character for identification.
He
as constituting
says:
Le dernier anneau du thorax (the genital segment) grand est arme de chaque cote
de deux grands prolongements coniques diriges obliquement en arriere.
added information "abdomen tres-court, compose

termine par des lames natatoires assez grandes,"
is sufficient to identify the species beyond question.
But the figure
which Milne-Edwards published was lacking in many particulars.
It was therefore fitting for Steenstrup and Ltitken in 1861, and for
Kroyer in 1863, to supply the missing details and supplement the
This, with the
de deux
articles, et
description.
Their combined accoimt is the same as that here given, and has
been freely used for suggestions and comparisons. The only thing
they lacked was the definite location of the species as the male of
Pandarus cranchii. Steenstup and Ltitken record their specimens as
taken on the African coast along with females of the present species.
Kroyer obtained his specimens from a large Carcharias taken in
the open Atlantic, and found what he took to be females along with
the males.
shown elsewhere
441 ) that these females were realh" the young

and not related in any way to the males.
The true females of the present species have a complex history.
Leach described in 1819 (p. 535) two new species of the genus Pandarus which he had founded three years before.
And he repeated the same mistake then made, for just as his two
original species, hicolor and hoscii, prove to be identical, so are these
other two, carcharise. and cranchii, in all probability one and the same,
as was recognized by Steenstrup and Ltitken in 1861 and by all subIt is
(p.
of the genus' Nesippus,
a Atlas
du Regno animal de Cuvier,
Crustaces, pi. lxxviii,
fig. 1.
NO. 1573.
409
sequent authors. In Leach's paper the species carcliarise is given

first and by the law of priority ought to be taken for tlie name of the
But unfortunately the
species, while cranchii became a synonym.
type of carcharisR has never been seen by any other investigator, and
hence the species can not be identified with certainty. On the other
hand, the original type of cranchii has been examined and figured by
Milne Edwards and others and can be identified accurately. There<^
fore preference in the present instance

is
open to the
is
given to that
name which
least doubt.
In 1840 Milne Edwards published three species, pallidus, vulgaris,
and dentatus, which so far as can be made out from the descriptions
he gave, and also from his figures of the last-named species, are idenAt all events they do not deserve to be made
tical with cranchii.
anything more than varieties.
In 1852 Dana published the species concinnus, which like Milne
Edwards's pallidus appears to be the young of the present species
before they have acquired the dark pigment which colors the carapace and dorsal plates so conspicuously in more mature specimens.
Dana says nothing of the color of his species, but he does say
"bod}' translucent or subtransparent," which certainly could not
be the case if the pigment were present. Neither author gives the
details of the appendages, and judgment must be based upon the
general make-up of the body and the relative shape and proportion
As these are practicalh' identical, concinnus
of its various parts.
must be placed as a synonym of the present species until proven to
be distinct.
The U.
S.
National
Museum Collection has a fine set of specimens

We may refer again to the fact that Cranch,
illustrating this species.
for
whom
the species
ably on the same
is
fish.
named, found both males and females probSteenstrup and Liitken record two similar
instances in wliich Captain
And
here in the National
Hygom obtained the sexes together.

Museum Collection there are three addi-
which both sexes came from the same fish.

Of the female specimens we find Cat. Nos. 6019 and 6020, U.S.N.M.,
from Oarcharhinus ohscurus, taken at Station 1142 off Marthas VineA single
yard, and containing one and two females respectively.
male was obtained at the same time and is Cat. No. 6031, U.S.N.M.
A second lot, consisting of six males, Cat. No. 8640, U.S.N.M., and
five females, Cat. No. 8641, U.S.N.M., was obtained from a large
shark at the surface at Station 2237 by the Albatross in 1884.
The third lot contains ten females, Cat. No. 10746, U.S.N.M., two
young females. Cat. No. 32741, U.S.N.M., and a smgle male, Cat. No.
32752, U.S.N.M., obtamed from a 10-foot shark at Station 2422
by the Albatross in 1884.
tional lots in
a Atlas
du Kfegne animal de Cuvier,
Crustaces, pi. lxxviii,
figs.
2,
2 a.
PROCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MVSEUM.
410
vol.
xxxm.
There is also a single female, Cat. No. 8118, U.S.N.M., collected

by Francis Day from Lamna cornuhica, and another female, Cat. No.
6831, U.S.N.M., from a species of Carcharhinus between Papua and
Japan, obtained by exchange from G. S. Brady, and collected during
the CJiallenger Expedition.
PANDARUS SMITHII
XXIX
Plates
Pandarus smithii Rathbun, 1886,
Female.
Carapace ovate, a
and
Rathbun.
XXX.
p. 315, pi. v, fig. 3; pi. vii, fig. 9.
little
wider than long, the anterior mar-
gin evenly rounded, the lateral margins convex; posterior lobes short,
wide, and bluntly rounded; posterior margin between the lobes sin-
uate and wrinkled, each wrinkle ending in a sharp, spine-like tooth.

Frontal plates broad and prominent, much wider at the outer ends
than near the median line, and covering nearly the whole of the basal
Eyes nearly always concealed by the dark
joints of the first antennae.
pigment of the carapace, but sometimes visible two-fifths of the length
from the frontal margin.

Three distinct dorsal plates on the second thorax segment, the lateral pair elongate, elliptical, or ovate, about twice as long as wide, and
The odd plate median semielliptical or subtristrongly divergent.
Dorsal plates
angular, and about half the length of the lateral plates.
of the third segment almost circular in outline, less than half the length
of the first pair, and completely separated to their base, often leaving
a wide, open space between their inner margins. Dorsal plates of the
fourth segment much enlarged, broadly rounded, and separated by a
These plates overlap
triangular posterior sinus of medium depth.
the genital segment at least beyond its center, and often nearly to its
of the carapace
posterior margin.
Genital segment obovate to elliptical, narrower than the plate on

the fourth segment, and ending posteriorly in a short, rounded knob at
Sixth segment plate ovate, strongly narrowed anteeither corner.
riorly, projecting for
two-thirds of
length back of the genital seg-
its
ment, with an evenly rounded margin.
Abdomen
small, its ventral plate of the usual shape, but not reach-
ing beyond the center of the sixth segment plate; anal laminae the
same length as the sixth segment plate, diverging at an angle of 45
body axis, so that almost the entire lamina is visible from

Of the two wings on the inner margin, the dorsal runs the
entire length of the lamina and is of the same width throughout; it is
cut off obliquely at the tip, and the cut edge is more or less lacerated
and armed with two or three small spines. The ventral wing is semicircular in shape and occupies only the basal half of the lamina; its
margin is smooth and without spines. The combined width of the
to the
above.
PA RASITIC COBEPOD^ WILSON.
NO. 15^3.
two egg-strings
is
three-fifths that of the sixth
411
segment
plate, while
they are two-thirds as long again as the body.

First antennae short, the basal joint as wide as long, and heavily
armed with setae, the terminal joint club-shaped, with a cluster of
Second antennas small and rather weak, the terminal
setae at the tip.
claw of medium size and bent abruptly near the center. Its basal
half
is
angle
flattened and laminate, while the terminal portion
is
slender and cylindrical.
ear or flap projecting from
its
The second
joint has a
beyond the
mde laminate
ventral surface toward the fleshy adhe-
sion pad.
The
first
pair of these adhesion pads are large and broadly elliptical,
one-fifth longer
than the second pair; the latter are obovate, their
widest (anterior) diameter equaling their length.

The fourth pair are especially long and narrow, their length fully
two and a half times their width, and half as long again as the first
pair.
Mouth-tube
of the usual pattern,
inclosing the mandililes,
armed with eight teeth at their tips on the

inner margin.
Second maxillae with a tlfick and swollen base, a fleshy
second joint, and a short terminal spine, wlfich is stout and curved
wlfich are very slender and
like a claw.
First maxillipeds slender
and weak, the two joints about the same
length, the dorsal terminal claw twice as long as the ventral, the latter
with a short accessory spine at
its
base.
swollen, the terminal joint fully as wide
Second maxillipeds much

and thick as it is long, and
furnished with a movable claw, which shuts
down
against a raised,
The claw is wdde and thick, especially at the base,

where it is armed with a large spherical knob at the posterior corner
and a long slender accessory spine on the ventral surface. The raised
tabular knob.
knob, against wlfich the claw shuts, has a flat, semicircular top, which
is roughly corrugated, to afl'ord a better hold against the skin of the
host.
First swimnfing legs small and weak, the basal joint scarcely as
wide as the exopod; both rami two-jointed, the joints in the exopod
not as distinct as in the endopod. Second legs stouter, especially
the basal joint, but still rather weak; third and fourth pairs with
basal joints increasing regularly in size, their rami flat, laminate,
and boot-shaped; those of the second and tlfird legs distinctly twojointed, those of the fourth legs with the jointing indicated only by
marginal notches. The ranfi of these fourth legs are, as Rathbun
writes, considerably longer than those of cranchii, and are also somewhat longer than even the longest of those found in sinuatus. There
are no setae, and the spines are arranged as follows: First exopod, 1,5;
endopod, 0,3; second exopod, 0,10; endopod, 0,3; tlfird exopod, 1,4;
endopod, 0,2; fourth exopod, 1,5; endopod, 0,0.
412
vol.
xxxm.
The oviducts are coiled once in the genital segment, the three
strands of the coil running the entire length of the segment.
The
semen receptacles are very similar to those of JicoZor, horseshoe-shaped,
with the ends somewhat enlarged.
The cement glands can not be seen in mature females on account of
the pigment on the dorsal surface of the segment and in the eggs that
fill the coiled oviduct, but they can be distinguished in young females.
They are narrow and rod-like, close to the intestine on either side,
and more or less sinuate; the component cells are very short and
flattened like the eggs in the egg-strings.
Total length, 9
mm.
length of carapace on mid-line, 3.5
across posterior margin, 4.5

of second plates, 0.85
plate, 1.5
mm.;
mm.;
mm.
length of
first
of third plates, 2
of egg-strings, 15
mm. width
mm.
;
dorsal plates, 2
mm.;
of sixth
segment
mm.
Color a rich brownish black, the margins of the carapace and of the
and a semicircular spot through the eyes much lighter
dorsal plates,
and yellowish or reddish.
The anal laminae
are also without pigment.

Smith, of Yale University.)
Young females. In a young female only 3 mm. long the carapace is
strongly wedge-shaped, the posterior margin twice the width at the
frontal plates, the teeth along its central portion comparatively larger
and blunter than in the adult. The lateral margins are nearly straight
atid show a well-defined notch, armed with two minute teeth, about
three-fifths of the distance from the frontal plates.
This notch evidently indicates the point of junction of the cephalic and thoracic
portions of the carapace. The eyes are also plainly visible close to the
{smithii.
Named
for Prof. S.
I.
mid-line, in the anterior third of the carapace.
The dorsal plates of the thorax are in a rudimentary condition the

two pairs are about the same size and the third pair a trifle larger;
;
first
pair does not quite touch the anterior margin of the tliird
and only the extreme tips of the second pair overlap the tliird.
The genital segment is thus left almost entirely free dorsally; on
the
first
pair,
ventral surface just in front of the openings of the oviducts may

be seen the rudiments of a pair of swimming legs, in the form of two
spines on either side, close together, the inner one broadly triangular,
the outer one minute and very slender.
These afterwards disappear, or at least they can not be distinguished
its
in the adult.
The
sixth segment plate
genital segment;
is
circular
and one-third the width
the anal laminae are
much
of the
longer than this plate,
comparatively slender, and the wings are not yet fully formed along
their inner margins, which are armed at this stage with three small
spines.
The ventral plate of the abdomen reaches nearly to the posterior margin of the sixth segment plate and is much broader than the
latter, more than half the width of the genital segment. The append-
PA RASITIC COPEPODS VILSON.
NO. 1573.
418
ages and the legs are very similar to those in the adult, the segmentation and the spines being much cleaner and more distinct; they
what has already been given for the adult.

In another developmental stage, 4.5 millimeters long, we find the
same general shape and proportion of the various body regions as
verify in every particular
in the adult.
The
dorsal plates are
now
well
that there are no spaces between them;
formed and overlap, so
the third pair are
enlarged and reach to the center of the genital segment

segment plate has increased to its normal proportions.
much
the sixth
But as no
pigment has yet appeared the internal anatomy can be seen quite
distinctly; in particular the ovaries and oviducts are manifest, and
the beginning of the coils in the latter may be distinguished at the
This absence of pigment,
posterior end of the genital segment.
together with the differences in the details of the appendages and
dorsal plates make these young females appear like distinct species.
And it is probably similar differences which led to the differentiation
of hoscii from hicolor by Leach in his original description of the genus,
and also to the separation of pallidus from cmnchii by Milne-Edwards
in 1840.
Carapace elliptical, a little longer than wide, with the latmargins only slightly curved; posterior lobes wdde and bluntly
rounded at the tips, extending straight backward; accessory lobes
small, much wider than long and attached close to the base of the
posterior lobes.
Lateral grooves somewhat S-shaped, the curve at
the anterior end being much more pronounced than at the posterior
end.
Eyes prominent and situated far forward. Carapace narrowed but little anteriorly; frontal plates wide and prominent, covFree
ering nearly the whole of the basal joints of the first antenna^.
segments diminishing a little in width, but increasing in length from
the second segin front backward, their sides plumply rounded
ment filling the entire space between the carapace lobes, the fourth
segment wider than the genital segment. Lateral lobes on the second segment broad and bluntly rounded, reaching back to the posterior margin of the third segment.
Genital segment subquadrangular,
a little wider than long, its sides only slightly rounded; the papillae
of the fifth legs small, blunt, and situated far back close to the posterior corners, those of the sixth pair larger and more pointed. Abdomen half as wide as the genital segment, much wider than long, somewhat the shape of an hourglass, the sides being reentrant at the
groove between the two joints. The terminal joint twice the length
of the basal and protruding somewhat at the anus between the bases
of the anal lamellae; the latter of about the same length and width,
tipped with four large setae, the inner one of wliich is separated a
short distance from the others.
The first antennge have a long basal
joint which is almost entirely concealed beneath the distal end of the
Male.
eral
414
vol. xxxiii.
In the second pair the middle joint is considerably

is rather slender and weak.
There
is only one pair of adhesion pads, situated just behind the bases of
the first antennae and close to the edge of the carapace.
The pair
that usually accompanies the second antennae have degenerated into
minute disks, too small to be of any service for prehension.
The mouth-tube and second maxillae are similar to those in the
male of sinuatus; the first maxillipeds are stout, both joints considerably swollen, the terminal claw straight and more than twice the
length of the secondary one. The second pair are also much swollen,
and are armed with a strong forceps made of two stout knobs whose
inner surfaces are flattened where they come together.
The arrangefrontal plates.
swollen, while the terminal claw
ment
of the spines and setae on the swimming legs is as follows First

exopod, 1,0; 4, III: endopod, 0, 0; 0, III: second exopod, 1, I; 4, IV:
endopod, 0, I; 0, VIII: third exopod, 1, I; 4, V: endopod, 0, I; 0, V:
fourth exopod, 1, 0; 4, V: endopod, 0, I; 0, IV.
Total length, 7.57 mm.; length of carapace to tips of lateral lobes,
4.43 mm. width of same, 4.23 mm. length of free segment, 2 mm.
Color (preserved material) a uniform yellowish brown without pigment markings.
This species was established by Rathbun in 1886 upon two specimens taken from a dusky shark, CarcJiarhinus ohscurus, Cat. No.
Another specimen. Cat. No. 8119, U.S.N.M., was
6198, U.S.N.M.
found upon an undetermined shark, taken in Vineyard Sound, and
four specimens, Cat. No. 6022, U.S.N.M., upon a sand shark, Carcharias littoralis, from the same locality.
Since the publication of
the species five other lots have been secured; two of these, were
obtained from sand sharks at Woods Hole; one, Cat. No. 32734,
U.S.N.M., includes five young females in different stages of development; the other, Cat. No. 32732, U.S.N.M., includes a single
male which is made the type of the species. Another lot. Cat.
No. 6195, U.S.N.M., containing two females was found on Atwood's
shark, Carcharodon carcharias; a second lot of three females, Cat.
No. 11614, U.S.N.M., was found on a "Gray" shark in Vineyard
Sound; a tliird lot of four females, Cat. No. 32754, U.S.N.M., from
the back of a small shark (species not given) taken in the Gulf of
Mexico.
The chief variation in these specimens is in the amount of pigment
on the carapace and dorsal plates and in the relative size of the third
:
pair of plates; similar variations are found in
all
pigmented
species.
PARA.SITIC
COPEPODS WILSON.
PANDARUS SATYRUS
415
Dana.
Plate XXXI.
Pandarus satyrus Dana, 1852, p. 1368,
Pandarns zygxnx Brady, 1883, p. 134,
pi.
xcv,
figs.
2 a-c.
pi. lv, fig. 3.
General body outline short and wide;
carapace widening
becomes broader than long, the posterior lobes
short and blunt; posterior margin nearly straight and armed with
Frontal plates narrow at the ceneight or ten small spines or teeth.
ter, wider at the ends, covering most of the basal joints of the first
Eyes concealed in mature specimens by the dark pigment
antennae.
Female.
posteriorly until
it
of the carapace.
Thorax plates of the second segment elliptical, strongly divergent,

wide and long, reaching beyond the center of those on the fourth
segment; central plate between their bases narrow. Plates of the
tliird segment small, nearly circular in outline, with a shallow median
sinus; those of the fourth segment also circular, with a wide but not
very deep median sinus; they overlap the genital segment beyond
its center.
Genital segment ovate, two-thirds as wide as the carapace, and

produced posteriorly into a slender conical process on either side of
the sixth segment plate and directly over the bases of the anal laminae.
Abdomen short and wide, the dorsal or body portion the same length
as the ventral plate and reaching about to the center of the sixth
segment plate. Anal laminge wide and longer than the sixth segment plate, their outer margins considerably thickened, the inner
wings strongly divergent and irregularly toothed. Sixth segment
plate ovate or elliptical, from one-half to two-thirds as long as the
genital segment.
First antennae long
and slender, the terminal
joint club-shaped, as
long as the basal joint, and bluntly rounded, both joints well armed
with short setae. Second pair small with a weak terminal claw and
one accessory spine. First adhesion pads semielliptical, their outer

margins nearly straight, their anterior ends projecting beyond the
margin of the carapace; second pair nearly circular, their diameter
one-third less than the length ot the first pair; third pair small and
elliptical; fourth pair also elliptical and a little longer than wide.
First maxillipeds of the usual pattern but stout, the two joints of
the same length, the terminal claws corrugated; second pair swollen
and armed with a single pair of forceps knobs, close together at the
center of the ventral surface.
swimming
and weak, very similar to those of

exopod and its tip in
the endopod being covered with a large spiny pad or cushion.
Second
legs also weak, the rami the same size and their joints the same
First
legs small
cranchii, the base of the terminal joint in the
416
length, the terminal joint of the
endopod with
three,
exopod tipped with
five,
vol.
xxxm.
that of the
curved spines or claws.
Third pair with a large basal
joint, carrying at its outer distal
corner a spiny pad and two boot-shaped rami, indistinctly two-
exopod armed with a
single spine on the basal joint and a

curved spines or claws at the tip of the
terminal joint. Fourth legs also with a swollen basal joint and two
boot-shaped rami, the endopod without spines, the exopod with one
spine on the basal joint, and a group of four on the tip of the terminal
joint larger than those on the third legs and curved.
No legs visible
on the genital segment.
width of same, 4.2 mm.; length of dorsal plates of second segment,
2.1 mm.; of third segment, 0.8 mm.; of fourth segment, 1.2 mm.; of
sixth segment plate, 1.4 to 1.8 mm. egg-strings unknown.
Color a dark reddish yellow marked with a chocolate-brown blotch
covering the center of the carapace, having a light spot on either side
There are similar chocolateof the mid-line in the region of the eyes.
brown blotches on each of the dorsal plates, including the sixth segment plate, leaving the margins and angles reddish yellow. In some
specimens the pigment is so dense and covers so much of the body
The "opaque, dirty white or
that the copepod seems nearly black.
yellowish white" specimens spoken of by Dana were evidently
immature, and their pigment had not yet been formed.
jointed, the
group of
five or six large
(satyrus, a satyr.)
S. National Museum collection includes a single lot of fifteen
females of this species. Cat. No. 32753, U.S.N.M., taken from the
sides and pectoral fins of a blue shark, Prionace glauca, by the Fisheries steamer J.Z6a^ross during the Hawaiian explorations in 1902.
The U.
These agree in every particular with the figures and description

given by Dana, except that the third pair of dorsal thorax plates in
But this is a difference that is
his specimens were relatively shorter.
likely to occur in any species, and is not therefore of any value.
Pandarus zygsense has been given above as a synonym of the present
species after a careful examination and comparison of the two.
There are two females of P. zygsense in the National Museum collection
which were obtained by exchange from G. S. Brady, the author of
They are Cat. No. 6857, U.S.N.M., and were taken on
the species.
Sphyrna zygxna at St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands. Brady's description of tliis species in the Challenger Expedition Report" is very
Nor is any
short and says nothing whatever of the appendages.
which he
figure
he
published,
in
the
single
hint of the latter given
certainly
mistook
seen
from
above."
He
adult
male,
labeled "An
female
without
are
those
of
a
his
figure
and
description
for
the sex,
a Vol. VIII, p. 134, pi. LV,
fig. 3.
PARA STTTC COPEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
417
and not of a male. Furthermore, the deep cracks in the

posterior portion of the genital segment on either side in his figure
are more likely to be cracks due to the brittleness of preservation
egg-strings
than they are to indicate a normal structure. The species has not
been noted by other investigators, the only mention of it being in
The two specimens
the list ptiblished by Bassett-Smith in 1899.
mentioned above were evidently covered with fish slime when preserved, and this has become so incrusted around the appendages
Enough can be made out, howas to conceal niau}^ of the details.
ever, to show the identity of Brady's species with that of Dana,
which had been described thirty years before, and hence it must
stand as a synonym of the latter. Brady's specimens were a little
shorter than Dana's, and were lighter in color, the plates on the third
segment and the genital segment being without pigment. This would
indicate that they were not fully mature, which is further evidenced
by the fact that they had no egg-strings.
PANDARUS SINUATUS
Plates
Pnndarus
sinnatKi^ Say,
1874, p. 570, pi. VII,
Female.
XXXII
and XXXIII.
1817, p. 43(5. Milne
fig.
Say.
31. Rathbun,
Edwards,
1840, p.
471. Smith,
1886, p. 310, pis. v-vii.
Carapace semielliptical to ovate, broader beliind than in
more than one-third the entire length; width to

more or less acute, and turned
when perfect with a rounded
median projection bordered on either side by three or four short and
front,
and a
little
length as 6 to 5; posterior lobes short,

inward at the tips; posterior margin
sharp
Usually,
teeth.
however,
all
the
projections
are
bluntly
making the margin jagged and sinuate, as in

Frontal plates narrow and but little prominent, not
figure 172.
Eyes
covering more than half the basal joints of the first antennse.
rounded and
irregular,
young, one-third the distance

from the anterior margin, and close together on either side of the midinvisible in the adults, visible in the
line.
Paired dorsal plates of second segment broadly elliptical to oval,

.30
one-half longer than wide, diverging at an angle of about
nearly
sometimes
from the central axis; their inner margins are
straight or may even be concave; they are widely separated and
scarcely touch the second pair, but reach back to the center of the
margins of the third pair. The unpaired median plate of this

second segment is very wide, comparatively short, with a straight
posterior margin without teeth or spines.
Dorsal plates of the third segment small, nearly circular and separated by a deep sinus, wdiich is slightly enlarged at its base owing to
lateral
the wide separation of the

Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
first
27
plates this second piair are entirely
418
yql. xxxiu.
Dorsal plates of the fourth segment consider-
ably enlarged, wider than the genital segment and covering its anterior
third or two-fifths, thoroughly fused with only a broad and very
shallow posterior sinus.
Genital segment elliptical, one-fifth longer than wide; posterior
lobes broad and evenly rounded, with a shallow
median
siaus.
Sixth segment plate small, its margin forming four-fifths of a perfect circle, the remaining fifth narrowed into an anterior stem or neck
where it joins the genital segment. It projects behind the lobes of
Anal
the genital segment for a half or two-thirds of its length.
laminse rather narrow and slender, as long as the sixth segment plate,
acute at the tips and armed with two or three small spines irregularly placed on the inner margin; wings entirely lacking in the adult.
Ventral plate of the abdomen much wider than the sixth segment
plate, its posterior margin usually evenly rounded.
First antennae slender, the basal joint three times the length of the
terminal, its distal end enlarged, the anterior margin and corner
evenl}^
rounded and well armed with
setae;
terminal joint club-
shaped, with a tuft of setae at the tip.

Second antennae slender, the second joint with a small fleshy lamina
on its ventral surface, the terminal claw short and weak.
First adhesion pads elliptical, three-fourths longer than wide;
second pair obovate, one-half longer than wide, but much shorter
than the first pair; fourth pair elliptical, a little more than twice as
long as wide, and longer than the first pair.
Mouth-tube of the usual shape, narrower and longer than in
hicolor; mandibles like those of smitJiii; second maxillae short and
broad, the basal joint twice as wide as long, the second joint as wide
as long and ending in a slender and sharp spine which is nearly
straight.
First maxillipeds slender, the basal joint half as long again
as the terminal the latter armed with a terminal curved claw, nearly
;
and straighter accessory claw,

toothed along both margins, on its ventral surface, and a short and
straight, spine on the inner margin, both the latter being inserted at
the base of the terminal claw.
Second maxillipeds much swollen, armed with a pair of knobs
acting like forceps; knobs oblong, the ends where they come together
being flattened and corrugated.
Basal joints of the swimming legs increasing in size from in front
backwards, all biramose and the rami two-jointed, but the joints on
the fourth pair are thoroughly fused, and the jointing is only indias long as the joint itself, a shorter
The arrangement of the spines (there

on the different legs is as follows: First exopod, 1,5;
endopod, 0, 3; second exopod, 1, 9; endopod, 0, 5; third exopod, 1, 4
The
to 8; endopod, 0, 3; fourth exopod, 1, 3 to 5; endopod, 0, 0.
cated
are
by marginal notches.
no true
setae)
FA RASITIC COPEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
relative size
and shape
shown in Plate XXXII,

same for each.
of the four pairs of legs

figs.
419
and their joints are
177 to ISO, the magnification being the
Of the reproductive organs the (widucts are usually coiled once
in
the genital segment, each strand of the coil reaching the entire length
But sometimes there is a short extra coil in the
of the segment.
extreme anterior portion of the segment. The cement glands are

exceptionally large and broad and arranged like parenthesis marks
on either side of the intestine; the basal third of each is enlarged to
twice the width of the oviduct, is more or less rounded, and extends
outward and forward at an angle of 45 to the central axis. The remaining portion, or body of the gland, is once and a half the width of
the oviduct, curves around inward towanl the intestine, and extends
almost to the anterior border of the segment; the compound cells
are short and flattened like the eggs.
The semen receptacle has the
shape of a spear or lance head, with a narrow tapering central sinus.
The two halves are joined anteriorly at the point of the spear, and
each has on its outer margin a rounded point or knob, corresponding
to the barb.
Total length, 7 to 8
mm.
length of carapace on mid-line, 2.75 nun.
width at posterior margin, 3.3 mm,; length
mm.;
of second pair, 0.75
segment
plate,
mm.;
of
mm.;
of first dorsal plates, 1.5
of third pair,
1.25
mm.;
of sixth
abdomen, 2.25 mm.
Color dull yellow or yellowish white, with a spot on either side

near the frontal margin of the carapace, or with the spots fused
across the mid-line into a horseshoe-shaped l)lotch opening ]>osteriorly.
There is also a central irregular blotch on the third pair of
dorsal plates.
In mature females the pigment of the eggs in the
coiled oviducts give the genital segment a grayish or brownish tinge.
From this mean the color varies in both directions. In specimens
from the Smooth Dogfish the brown or black markings often cover
most of the carapace, all of the fourth segment plates, and a part of
those oruthe second and third segments.
On the other hand, specimens taken from Atwood's Shark and immature specimens from
whatever source show no pigment at all, or only the faintest traces
of
it.
{sinuaius, sinuate, alluding to the posterior
Male.
margin
of the carapace.)
Carapace orbicular, wider than long, with the
gin evenly rounded
posterior lobes broadly triangular
marand curved
lateral
inward toward the mid-line; supplementary lobes very short,

times as wide as long and close to the bases of the
posterior lobes.
In preserved material these secondary lobes often
turn white or whitish and become opaque. Lateral grooves bent
sharply outward at the anterior ends, nearly at right angles to the
longitudinal axis, and terminating just behind the sucking disks.
a
little
at least three
PlKXniEDINGH OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
420
vol.
xxxm.
Frontal plates nearly as wide as the carapace, projecting over the

bases of the first antennae and thus very prominent.
Free thorax segments about the same length but diminishing
rapidly in width from in front backwards. The second segment does
not entirely fill the space between the posterior lobes of the carapace
and only slightly overlaps the inner margins of the secondary lobes;
its lateral plates are broad and enlarged at the tip into a spathulate
Fourth segment
form, the posterior margin being nearly straight.
one-fifth narrower than the genital segment, its lateral margins with
Genital segment elliptical, much
a narrow, sharp curve at the center.
longer than wide, with evenly rounded corners. Fifth legs small and
blunt, slightly enlarged at the tips
and carried forward some distance
in front of the sixth pair; the latter are a little longer, are situated
at the posterior corners,

mid-line.
and nearly always curve inward toward the

its base, on the posterior margin
Inside of each and close to
Abdomen elongate,
of the genital segment, is a single large spine.
longer than wide, the two joints of the same length; the basal one
spindle-shaped, the terminal one wedge-shaped, with no protuberance between the bases of the anal lamina^; the latter are nearly
twice as long as wide, with the ends rounded diagonalh^ the outer
margin being the longer. Each is armed with four seta3, the iimer of
which is removed some distance from the others.
The first antennae are the normal size and shape, the basal joints
being almost wholly covered by the projecting ends of the frontal
The first adhesion pads are ovate, with their longitudinal
plates.
diameters inclined at an angle of 45 to the body axis. They are
placed so near the edge of the carapace behind the first antennne that
nearly half the pad projects beyond the carapace and is visible in
dorsal Yiew, affording a good secondary means of identification of the
The second pair is just outside the bases of the second

antenna?, elliptical in form, with their long diameters parallel to the
species.
body axis.
The third
pair are egg-shaped
and
in the usual position
between
on the
with the
the male
the first maxillipeds; the fourth pair are elongate-elliptical,
margins of the second segment lobes, and parallel

body axis. The first and second pairs are nuich smaller in
than in the female, which would show that they do not function as
lateral
clasping organs.
are larger than in the female; the two basal
joints are considerably swollen besides sharing in the formation of the
adhesion pad. The terminal claw is large and stout and is armed on
its outer margin with two large accessory spines, one near the base
The second antenna^
and the other at the center.

The first maxiUipeds have a stout basal joint and a short and
slender terminal joint, with two accessory claws on its inner margin
421
PARASITIC COPEPODS- WILSON.
NO. 1573.
The ventral of these two

close to the base of the terminal claw.
The second maxillidorsal.
of
the
size
the
twice
claws is more than
much
peds are
enlargt^l, relatively
so than in the female,
more
and
clasping
evidently they, with the second antennae, form the cliief
terminal
well-developed
and
stout
with
a
armed
are
They
organs.
tuberculated knobs
claw, which shuts down against a group of three
of claw and
combination
This
joint.
basal
the
on
side
placed side by
their host.
forceps pinchers gives these copepods a very hrm hold upon
legs is
swimming
the
on
set*
and
spines
the
of
arrangement
The
exosecond
III:
endopod,
0,
0;
III:
0,
4,
0;
exopod,
1,
Fh-st
as follows
exopod,
4, V: endopod
third
1,1;
0,VIII:
endopod,
0,
1;
4,YI:
pod, 1,1;
:
0,1
0,
fourth exopod,
4,
endopod,
0,
V.
The sperm duct
segment on
boot-shaped
either side, and its posterior end then opens into a
spermatophore receptacle which lies })etween the bunch and the
diameter is
posterior end of the genital segment, and whose long
The anterior end of
inclined at an angle of 45 to the central axis.
pointed appendix which
this receptacle is narrowed into a sort of
bhmtly
curves around forward and inward. The posterior end is
rounded and from it a short tube leads to the genital opening, which
is
coiled into a large
bunch near the center
of the genital
near the jjosterior corner of the genital segment.

mm.;
Total length, 7.23 mm.; length of carapace on the mid line, .3
genital
of
width of same, 4 mm.; length of free segments, 1.63 mm.;
is
segment, 1.72 mm.; of abdomen, 1 mm.

are no pigColor the same as that of the female except that there
ment spots or blotches and the body is quite transparent.

Young femalc^.^The smallest female thus far obtained
less
than '5
mm.
in length
(fig.
In this the carapace
182).
is
is
a little
nearly
wide, with narhalf the entire length, as long on the mid-line as

posterior
row lateral areas and short triangular posterior lobes. The
the
sinuate,
irregularly
these lobes is very wide and
it is
margin between
geneml direction being nearly
straight.
Eyes plainly
visible one-
three in number,
the distance behind the frontal margin,

plates wide
arranged in a triangle, the middle one posterior. Frontal
of the fost
joints
basal
and prominent and covering the whole of the
center
their
behind
Lateral areas divided considerably
antennae.
third
the
by a transverse groove representing the boundary line between
entire
the
filling
segment
head and the first thorax segment. Second
lateral plates
space between the posterior lobes of the carapace, its
plate of
median
The
tips.
short, broad, and well rounded at their
plates
lateral
two
the
but
this segment has not yet been differentiated,
of
plates
dorsal
The
mid-line.
are fused in a wide band across the
segthe
hip
over
and
started
the third and fourth segments have just
ments following them
much
scârcely at all.
The genital segment
smaller than in the adult female
(less
is elliptical,
than half the width and
422
vol. xxxin.
its posterior sinus is vevj broad, with a

squarely truncated base, while the posterior lobes are narrow and
short.
The abdomen projects nearly its whole length beliind the
sinus of the genital segment, and is plainly visible in dorsal view.
length of the carapace)
The
and covers less than

Anal laminae of the same
subfamily, narrow and long, each
sixth segment plate has only just started,
half the dorsal surface of the
abdomen.
pattern as in other genera of this

tipped with four plumose setae. Appendages like those of the adult
with the exception of the foiu'th swimming legs, in which the rami are
much smaller, less laminate, and the exopod is armed with claws
similar to those on the third legs, and is indistinctly jointed.
The
fourth endopod, however, even at this early stage is wholly devoid
or- setae, and shows no signs of segmentation.
The Naupliushas already been described on page 336; owing to the
inability of the female to move about when placed in an aquarium,
the eggs always die unless they were just on the verge of hatching when
obtained.
This makes it difficult to secure the nauplii, and explains
of spines
it happens in a genus as common as Pandarus that they have not

been seen and described oftener.
This species was first described by Say in 1817, fro in specimens
taken from the dog-fish, Squalus canis Mitchill, and preserved in
the cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.
The original description was brief and lacked many details, but
how
enough was presented to identify the species, and the missing details
were supplied in an excellent description given l)y Rathbun in 1884.
But neither author found the male, and that sex is here presented for
the fii'st time, together with additional information upon the anatomy
The abundance of the species upon the sharks common
of the female.
along our Atlantic coast is proven by the following list of the specimens
in the U. S. National Museum.
Most of these were found upon the
fuis of the sharks, attached in such a way that the egg-cases would
float free from the margin of the fin in the clear water (fig. 1).
Hence the Pandarus always has its head toward the head of the
shark; when more than one are found on the same fin they are attached
side by side and strictly parallel, often as many as eight being found
on one side of a single fin, and as many on the other side. Usually
these females have algae and protozoa of various kinds growing upon
their carapace and dorsal plates; these are fastened to the margins
and angles of the plates and float back in the water around the eggstrings.
Often the female will be so completely covered that none of the

(fig. 1 )
The fins most commonly chosen
are the dorsal, the anal, and the ventral.
Specimens are less often
found on the pectorals or the tail.
dorsal surface can be seen
NO. 1573.
423
All the following specimens were taken at Woods Hole or in the

immediate vicinity, unless otherwise stated
From Atwood's shark, Oarcharodou carcharias, Cat. No. 6172
U.S.N.M. (20 females); Cat. No. 6195, U.S.N.M. (2 males); Cat. No.
32756, U.S.N.M. (1 adult and 5 young females).
From sand shark, Carcharias littoralu-, Cat. No. 6021, U.S.N.M. (25
females); Cat. No. 6023, U.S.N.M. (1 male); Cat. No. 6028. U.S.N.M.
(8 females) Cat. No. 6029,U.S.N.]\r. (5 males) Cat. No. 6030, U.S.N.M.
Cat. No. 6034, U.S.N.M. (15 females); Cat. No.
(3 young females)
6041, U.S.N.M. (1 female); Cat. No. 6042, U.S.N.M. (2 males taken
with Cat. No. 6041, U.S.N.M.); Cat. No. 6075, U.S.N.M. (2 males and
2 females, 1 pair in coition); Cat. No. 6202, U.S.N.M. (3 females);
Cat. No. 6206, U.S.N.M. (2 males); Cat. No. 6208, U.S.N.M. (1
female) Cat. No. 8121 U.S.N.M. (6 females)
Cat. No. 8128, U.S.N.M.
(2 males); Cat. No. 10744, U.S.N.M. (20 females); Cat. No. 12227,
U.S.N.M. (2 females); Cat. No. 12674, U.S.N.M. (5 females); Cat.
No. 12675, U.S.N.M. (10 females); Cat. No. 32730, U.S.N.M. (5 young
females) Cat. No. 32745, U.S.N.M. (2 males) Cat. No. 32746,ir.S.N.AI.
(a young female) Cat. No. 32748, U.S.N.M. (20 females very pale in
color without pigment) Cat. No. 32749, U.S.N.M. (a male and female
in coition); Cat. No. 32750, U.S.N.M. (a male); Cat. No. 32751,
U.S.N.M. (4 young females and 2 males); Cat. No. 32755, U.S.N.M. (5
females); Cat. No. 32759, U.S.N.M. (10 females and 2 males, 1 pair in
coition); Cat. No. 32762, U.S.N.M. (5 females); Cat. No. 32763,
U.S.N.M. (10 females and 5 males); Cat. No. 32764, U.S.N.M. (5
females); Cat. No. 32766, U.S.N.M. (25 females): Cat. No. 32767,
U.S.N.M. (25 females) Cat. No. 32768, U.S.N.M. (5 females) Cat. No.
32769, U.S.N.M. (5 females); Cat. No. 32770, U.S.N.M. (20 females);
Cat. No. 32774, U.S.N.M. (30 females and 3 males); Cat. No. 32755,
;
U.S.N.]^[. (5 females).
From smooth
females)
(3
(1
dogfish, Mustelus canis, Cat. No. 6046,
Cat. No. 6199, U.S.N.M. (5 females)
U.S.N.M.
(5
Cat. No. 6203,U.S.N.M.
females) Cat. No. 6207, U.S.N.M. (1 female) Cat. No. 8124,U.S.N.M.

female) Cat. No. 8125, U.S.N.M. (1 male taken with Cat. No. 8124,
;
U.S.N.M.); Cat. 8126, U.S.N.M. (2 young females) Cat. No. 10745,

U.S.N.M. (3 females); Cat. No. 16090, U.S.N.M. (3 females and 1
male, taken off Avon, N. J.); Cat. No. 32733, U.S.N.M. (2 young
females and 1 male); Cat. No. 32758, U.S.N.M. (2 females); Cat
No.[32760,U.S.N.M. (8 females) Cat. No. 32761, U.S.N.M. (3 females).
From dusky shark. Carcharhinus ohscurus, Cat. No. 6031, U.S.N.M.
Cat. No. 6032, U.S.N.M. (1 male) Cat. No. 32747, U.S.N.M.
(1 male)
(3 females and 1 male)
Cat. No. 32773, U. S.N. M. (3 females).
From mackerel shark, Lamna cornuhica, Cat. No. 32765, U.S.N.M.
;
(75 females).
424
'
vol. xxxiii.
From
sharp-nosed shark, Scoliodon terrx novse, Cat. No. 32771

(2 females, taken at Beaufort, North Carolina).
From the outside of a menhaden. Cat. No. 32734, U.S.N.M. (1 male).
From "Shark," no species given. Cat. No. 8640, U.S.N.M. (6 males
taken at station 2237,steamer^Z6aiross,1884); Cat. No. 12670,U.S.N.M.
(35 females); Cat. No. 32757, U.S.N.M. (1 male).
No locahty or host given, Cat. No. 6028, U.S.N.M. (1 female).
U.S.N.M.
Genus NESIPPUS
Nesippus (N. orientalis) Heller, 1865, p. 193.
Nogagus {N. augustatus) van Beneden, 1892,
Female.'-
Carapace
Heller.
p. 246.
transversely elliptical,
and posterior
much wider than
long,
Frontal plates distinct,

with broad
prominent, covering the basal joints of the first antenna\ Eyes
small, three in number, in a triangle near the anterior margin.
Second and third thorax segments fused together, and carrying a single
pair of more or less rectangular plates or lobes on their sides.
Fourth
segment free, with no dorsal plates, or with a very small pair scarcely
overlapping the genital segment. The latter elliptical, mucli longer
than wide, with an evenly rounded outline; no posterior lobes.
Abdomen small, attached to the ventral surface of the genital segment, and nearly liidden in dorsal view; anal laminae of medium size,
wholly visible, each armed with four large setaj.
First antenna? like those of Pandarus; second pair uncinate; first
adhesion pads much larger than the second, the two quite a distance
apart. Mouth tube similar to that of Pandarus; second maxilhTp threejointed, with swollen bases and small terminal claws.
Second maxillipeds much swollen, witli a flattened termhial claw.
All the swimming legs biramose; rami of the first three pairs twojointed, of the fourth pair one-jointed, all armed with plumose setae.
Egg tubes slender, straight, much longer than the body.
Male.
Body a typical Nogaus form; carapace elongate with narlateral areas
lobes.
row lateral areas and posterior lobes; no accessory lobes, as in the

Pandarus males, but sometimes a large spine on the posterior margin,
at the base of the posterior lobe on either side.
Frontal plates narrow
and not very prominent; eyes three in number, in about the same
position as in the female; in front of the eyes there
rounded knobs (Dana's
is
often a pair of
above the surface of the

carapace.
Free thorax segments the same length but diminishing
rapidly in width from in front backward, the fourth as wide as
the genital segment; the second segment only with lateral lobes.
Genital segment elongate, more or less angular, without lobes or
rudimentary swimming legs, or with the latter reduced to small
spines.
Abdomen small, one-jointed, wider than long, more or less
triangular, anal laminas small, but armed with large plumose setae.
conspicilla) rising
NO. 1573.
425
Appendages like those of the female second maxillipeds much swollen,

with forceps knobs or a flattened terminal claw. All the legs biramose, rami like those of the female.
;
(Nesippus, etymology unknown.)
KEY TO THE
a.
SPECIES.
and third thorax segments

Females, carapace much
fused inter se; fourth segment with small dorsal plates; genital segment longer
wider than long; second
''
than the carapace; abdomen hidden
Males, carapace as long as wide; second and third thorax segments distinct;
fourth segment without dorsal plates; genital segment mucli smaller than cara(fpace; abdomen wholly visible
h. Fourth segment plates not reaching the genital segment; lateral lobes of
c.
the fused second and third segments narrow and well rounded
h. Fourth segment plates overlapping the genital segment a little; lateral
lobes on the fused second and third segments large, wid(\ and angular.
-
a.
c.
Genital segment
posterior lobes;
medium
abdomen
size,
alatus Wilson, 1905, p. 420.

quadrangular, with rounded corners and no
largely visible from aljove.
angustatus Beneden, 1892, p. 431.

c.
Genital segment somewhat enlarged, elliptical, with long and broad posterior
lol)es, separated by a narrow median sinus; abdomen wholly concealed.
cryphirus Heller, 1805.
c.
enlarged, ovate, with an evenly curved margin; no

orimtalis Heller, 1805.
posterior lobes; abdomen entirely concealed
Genital segment
much
Carapace wider than long; genital segment also wider than long, barrel'
shaped
Carapace and genital segment decidedly longer than wide; genital segment oblong with parallel sides
JCarapace without conspicilla, posterior lobes short; fourth segment with
strongly protruding sides; genital segment without rudirnentary legs.
(1.
(/.
e.
alatus Wilson, 1905, p. 420.

(\
Conspicilla present; posterior carapace lobes narrow and elongate; sides of

fourth segment protruding but little; fifth legs showing on sides of genital
cvrticaudis Dana, 1852, p. 434.
segment nearly as wide as long; fourth
segment biscuit-shaped, twice as wide as long.
angustatus Beneden, 1892, p. 431.
From 8 to 11 mm. in length; fourth segment spindle-shaped, as long as
wide; genital segment one-third or one-half longer than wide.
borealis Steenstrup and Fiitken. 1801, p. 437.
segment
/.
/.
Less than 6
mm.
in length; genital
This genus wasfoimded by Heller in 1865 upon two species obtained

on the Novara expedition at the island of Java.
They were both obtained from the gills of sharks, and although
Heller does not make the statement, it is probable that they were
found in the shark's tlu'oat rather than in the gill cavity.
Of one species which he called orientalis Heller claimed to have
both sexes, but a careful study of the figures and description of his
"male" show it to be really a young female before the egg strings
have developed. It is not a Nogaus form at all, but exactly like the
adult except that the genital segment is smaller and the abdomen not
426
concealed.
XXXIV,
If
fig.
it
vol.
xxxm.
be compared with the figure here given (Plate

young female alatus, its identity is manifest
205) of a
at once.
Beneden made the same mistake in 1892 with his Nogagus anguswhich is shown on page 431 to be a Nesippus. He described
a young female as a male of the species.
Ki'oyer in 1863 erred in
another direction. He found a young female Nesippus and a Nogagus
latreillii upon the same fish and described the two as the male and
tatus,
female of Nogagus
The
latreillii (see p.
441).
true male of the genus has never before been described.
This
probably due to the fact that the male staj^s on the outside surface of the shark's body, in company, usually, with one or both sexes
of some of the other genera.
The young female stays in the same
place, or in the gill cavity close to the surface, until after union with
the male, which takes place very early in development, as in all
the parasitic copepods, and then she crawls down into the shark's
thi-oat out of sight and remains there fastened to the inside of the
gill arches.
In the examination of several scores of sharks by the
present author, a male has never yet been found in company with
one of these mature females in the shark's throat, but many have been
taken on the fms and in the gill cavity, some of which were in union
with young females.
is
It was difficult, therefore, to locate the two sexes at first and required long continued search before they were definitely determined.
This leaves Heller's two species, orientalis and cnjpturus, composed
of females alone with the
male unknown, while Dana's curticaudis and

known only in the male sex.
Steenstrup and Liitken's horealis are
Dana's species was taken "from the body of a shark, northeast of

Zealand," while both of Heller's species came from Java. These
localities are near enough together, especially when we remember that
New
the hosts are large sharks, for
it
to
be at least possible that future
more
investigation will find two of the species
NESIPPUS ALATUS
Plates
Nesippus alatus Wilson, 1905,
Nogagus
tenax{'^)
XXXIV
and
closely related.
Wilson.
XXXV.
p. 130.
1861, p. 388, pi. x,
fig.
20.
Female. Carapace transversely elliptical, the width once and threequarters the length; frontal plates distinct, and, together with a portion of the cephalic area, projecting in a half circle from the anterior
margin; deeply incised at the center. Posterior lobes short, scarcely

overlapping the lateral lobes of the second and third segments;
thoracic area quadrilateral, arched a
little
above the surrounding sur-
face; lateral areas ver}^ wide; cephalic area small.

tripartite,
appearing as
tliree
Eye
distinctly
separate circular lenses arranged in a
tri-
NO. 1573.
427
angle at the center of the carapace, about one-third the distance from
the anterior margin.
Second and third thorax segments fused to-
gether and canying a single rectangular lol)e or plate on either side,

which extends obliquely backward nearly to the tips of the posterior
lobes of the carapace.
Fourth segment free, considerably narrower
than the second and third segments and covered with a pair of fused
Each of these is nearly a perfect circle in outline, in
strong contrast to the angidar j)air on the second and third segments.
They do not extend out as far as the latter, but are about the same
width as the genital segment, over whose anterior margin they extend
dorsal jilates.
for a little distance.
Genital segment elliptical, or slightly ovate,
with an evenly I'ounded margin, the length to the breadth in the proportion of 8 to 5. Abdomen invisible in dorsal view, but the two
large anal lamime project nearly their entire length behind the posterior margin of the genital segment.
Each of them is as wide as
long, and as large as the entire abdomen, and is armed with four slender j)lumose seta^. Seen ventrally, the abdomen is small, triangular
in shape, and attached about its own length in front of the posterior margin of the genital segment.
The apex of the triangle is
represented by the narrt)w neck where the abdomen joins the genital
segment while the broad base is at the posterior margin where the
anal lamime are attached.
The first antenna^ are short and stout, the basal joint nearly twice
the diameter of the terminal and thickly studded with seta\ the terminal joint furnished with setw along its posterior marign as well as
at the tip; second antennjie large, with a long and stout terminal
claw.
First adhesion pads elliptical, close to the margin of the caraj)ace, and more tnan twice the size of the second pair; the latter
nearly circular and removed some distance from the first ones.
In
the young female these pads appear as short and slightly curved
and are then like the corresponding fu"st maxillae in the Caliginae.
In the adults they are transformed into large pads, fastened for
claws,
their entire length to the ventral surface of the carapace.
the pads at the l)ases of the
first
Similarly
maxillipeds are straight spines in the
young.
The second maxilhe are close beside the base of the mouth-tube
and are apparently two-jointed; the basal joint is large and swollen,
twice as long as w4de;
the terminal joint is a short curved claw.

long and pointed; the framework consists of a
slender rib along either side extending from the base to the tip and
almost perfectly straight, with the ends somewhat enlarged; the ends
at the tip are joined by their inner margins, while those at the base
The mouth-tube
is
by a chain of three circular plates, the central one being

considerably larger than the other twô.
are joined
428
vol.
xxxm.
From the two side plates a pair of secondary ribs extend forward
and inward, each pointing toward the tip of the maxilla on the oppoThe mouth opening is terminal and heavil}^ fringed with
site side.
First maxillipeds of the usual form, the secondary terminal
claw very short and conical; second pair large and swollen, the basal
joint almost twice as wide as long and considerably flattened dorsoventrally.
The terminal joint is shaped like a flexible finger or thumb,
and is attached transversely along the outer end of the basal joint.
The four pairs of swimming legs are all biramose, rami of the first
three pairs two-jointed, of the fourth pair one-jointed.
The exopods of the first and fourth pairs are longer than the endopods; in the second and third pairs the rami are about equal; the
basal joints of the first and fourth pairs are widened, but not more
than half as much as those of the second and third pairs. None
of these basal joints carry spines or setae except the third pair,
in which a very large seta projects diagonally backward from
hairs.
the inner corner.
ment
The
of the spines
and
fifth legs are entirely lacking; the

setae
on the other four
pairs
is
arrange-
as follows
First exopod, 1,0; 4, III: endopod, 0, 0; 0, IV: second exopod, 2, I

4,
V: endopod,
0,
IV: fourth exopod,
VI: third exopod, 1,1; 4, IV: endopod, 0, I;

IV: endopod, 0, IV.
The ovaries are large and elliptical in form; they can be seen just
above the digestive tract near the anterior margin of the thoracic
area of the carapace. The oviduct leads back in the usual way to
the genital segment, where it is coiled in three parallel strands running lengthwise along either sitle of the segment. It finally opens
to the exterior on the ventral surface just in front of the abdomen.
The cement glands are long and narrow, the cells in each being nearly
as long as wide; they lie just beneath the inner coils of the oviduct
and are slightl}^ curved, the concave sides toward each other. The
semen receptacle is large and crescent shaped; it consists essentially
of three spherical pockets or sacs, one on either side below the opening
of the oviduct, and the third at the center connecting the two.
The
duct leading from these lateral sacs is carried past the point where it
opens into the oviduct, and is coiled into a blind pointed sac, which
turns forward alongside the outer margin of the sperm receptacle
(fig.
0, I;
0,
5,
204).
Total length, 7 mm.; length of carapace, 2.8 mm.; width of same,

3.8 mm. length of genital segment, 2.7 mm. width of same, 1.7 mm.
length of egg strings, 13.5 mm.
Color a light yellowish white, fairly transparent and not showing
;
very distinctly against the white background of the shark's throat.

The coils of the oviduct in the genital segment are a darker yellow
and opacjue; the egg-strings are almost pure white.
FARASITin COPE PODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
429
Male. Carapace semielliptical, a trifle wider than long, squarely

truncated posteriorly, with a long and narrow lobe at each of the
Second and third thorax segments not fused, but
posterior corners.
distinct, of the same length as the fourth segment, the three diminishing regularly in width, and none of them bearing dorsal plates.
Genital segment small, a little narrower than the fourth segment, of
about the same length and wadth, with reentrant corners. Abdomen
very short, the basal joint hardly visible beneath the posterior border
The anal lamini3e are no larger than in the
female, but the plumose setge are considerably longer.
The appendages are like those of the female, with the usual sexual
mochfications in the second antennae and the second maxillipeds.
There is a greater difference in size between the adhesion pads of the
first two pairs than in the female, the first pair being enlarged.
The
mouth tube
is the same, but the second maxillcse are three-jointed,

counting the terminal claw; this makes it practically certain that
these appendages in the female are also three-jointed, although the
two basal joints are usually fused, and they are so designated in the
genus diagnosis.
The arrangement of the spines and setae on the swimming legs is as
follows: First exopod, 1, 0; 4, III: endopod, 0, 0; 0, III: second
exopod, 1, I; 4, V: endopod, 0, I; 0, VIII: third exopod, 1, I; 3,
IV: endopod, 0, I; 0, IV: fourth exopod, 4, III: endopod, 0, IV.
The basal joints of the second and third pairs carry a medium spine
on their outer corner.
Total length, 4.55 mm.; length of carapace, 2 nnu.; width of
same, 2.3 mm.; length of genital segment, 0.88 nun.
The male is darker in color than the female and usually becomes a
deep brown in alcohol; this color is uniforndy distributed without
pigment
spots.
(alatus,
furnished with wings.
dorsal plates of
any
Young female.
the carapace
is
None
of
the other species have
size.)
General
body form
similar to that of the adult;
proportionally as wide, with broad and well-rounded
and prominent frontal plates. The second and third

thorax segments fused, with their single pair of lateral plates even
more angular than in the adult, for the external margin of these
plates is concave, thereby making the corners acute.
No plates on
posterior lobes
the fourth segment as yet; the genital segment very small and elliptical,
wide.
the
same width
Abdomen
as the fourth segment,
and one-half longer than
entirely visible, one-jointed, with reentrant sides
and a convex posterior margin; anal laminas larger and the plumose
than in the adult.
The only differences in the appendages are such as are common to
young forms; the joints are relatively smaller, while the spines and
setae longer
430
vol.
xxxm.
causes these young females to look much like

deceived even so good an observer as Kroyer. But a
setsB are longer; this
males, and
it
careful examination of the genital
segment reveals the presence of

cement glands and sperm receptacles, and thus precludes any idea
that these are males.
This species
is
shark, Carchanas
found upon the

littoralis,
In nearly every instance
rarely
it is
gill
arches of
upon the floor
solitary, a single
to either the fifth or the fourth arch
the
common sand
or roof of the mouth.
female being fastened
on the posterior
side, so that all
one can see of it on looking down the shark's throat is the white or
brownish egg-strings.
They are fastened rather more securely than Pandarus, by means of
their second maxillipeds, and it requires considerable effort to dislodge
them. On being removed to an aquarium it is found that the females
can not swim, but are fully as helpless as the other genera in this subfamily, lying upon their backs and keeping their swimming legs in
constant motion. They can be kept alive for a longer period than
Pandarus, however, and seem much more hardy. The anterior portion of the body, including the carapace and free thorax segments, is
very transparent and colorless. Hence it would be diflicult to (Hstinguish the animal against the white background of the shark's throat
were it not for the fact that the digestive tube is dark colored, the
coiled oviduct in the genital segment is brown, and the egg-tubes are also
brown. The latter arc long and slender and appear fragile, looking as
if they would pull apart on slight provocation; but the very reverse
is ft)un(l to be true.
Indeed they are so tough that the body of the
female will pull apart at the fourth segment before the egg-strings will
break.
In the living copepod these egg-strings are always encased in a

heavy layer of mucus obtained from the shark's gills, and they often
have in addition a growth of algse or other foreign matter mixed with
the mucus. When these substances extend up onto the genital seg-
ment of course they help to hold the egg-strings in place. But it not
unfrequently happens that they fail to reach the genital segment, and
in that case the egg-strings have to hold the entire mass in place.
As
the copepod is almost always found on the insitle of the gill arches,
or at least with the posterior part of the body and egg-strings on the
inside, it must be subjected to more or less friction from the convulsive movements of the living fish upon which the shark feeds.
The utility, therefore, both of the heavy coating of mucus over the
egg-strings, and of their secure attachment to the genital segment,
becomes very apparent. The males are good swimmers and very
active, like other Nogaus species, and in the aquarium they move
about restlessly.
PARASITIC COFEFODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
431
This can not be regarded as an abundant species, since in only one

more than a single adult female been found on
But it may be saitl to be common, since nearly every
the same fish.
shark so far examined has yielded its specimen.
or two instances has
The
IT. S.
National
Museum
collection includes the following, all
from Woods Hole and vicinity unless otherwise stated

From the sand shark, Carcharias littoralis, Cat. No. 6029, U.S. N.M.
(5 males) Cât. No. 8127, U.S.N.M. (5 males) Cat. No. 32744, U.S.N.M.
;
male) Cat.No.32788,U.S.N.M. (2 females) Cat. No. 32793,U.S.N.M.,

(2 females) Cat. No. 32795, U.S.N.M. (young female) Cât. No. 32834,
(1
U.S.N.M. (5 males).
From gray shark, ('at. No. 8183, U.S.N.M. (2 females).
From dusky shark, Carcharhinus ohsn/rus, Cât. No. 6033, I^.S.N.M.
(7 males).
From flounder. Cat. No. 32740, U.S.N.M. (1 male).

From caudal peduncle of Fuiidulus ryiajalis, Cat. No. 32743, U.S.N.M.
(L male).
From man-eater shark. Cat. No. 32786, U. S.N.:M. (2 females).

From smooth dog-fish. Cat. No. 32787, U.S.N.M. (1 male).
From sharp-nosed shark, Scoliodon terrse.-nov8c Cat. No. 32790,
,
U.S.N.M. (1 female;) Cat. No. 32792, U.S.N.M. (7 females).

From Sphyrna tihuro, at Beaufort, North Carolina, Cat. No. 32791,
U.S.N.M. (1 female).
From S phyrna zygsena also at Beaufort, North Carolina, Cat. No.
32794, U.S.N.M. (10 females).
,
NESIPPUS ANGUSTATUS Van

Nogagus angustatus Van Beneden, 1892, (6),
FandariLS affinis Van Beneden, 1892, (/;) p.
Beneden.
p. 245. pi.
i,
22(), pi.
figs.
i,
5-10.
ligs.
and 7-11
(th(!
male
form only).
In 1892 Van Beneden described The Male of Certain Caligids and a

new Genus of the Family." The second male described was given
the name Pandarus affinis. Beneden says that this new species was
obtained " sur des Squales non determines de la bale de Dakar:
nous en possedons
les
deux sexes; une femelle
et
deux males.
Iê
corps de la femelle a une longeur de 6 millimetres; les ovisacs, 10

millimetres; les appendices, en general, sont completement les memes
dans
les
Then
deux
sexes, aussi bien
in just those particulars

species,
namely
most
la tete cjue ceux du thorax."

two sexes which is sadly lacking
ceux de
follows a description of the
essential for the determination of the
in the details of the appendages.
The only appendages described
for the female are the first antenna^?
appendages are mentioned, but no definite

them. In the figure showing a dorsal view
of the male, nearly all the
data are given for any of
aBulletins de I'Academie royale de Belgique
(3),
XXIII, No.
3,
pp, 220-235.
432
of the
male the rami
of the third legs are two-jointed
vol. xxxiii.
on one side and
one-jointed on the other, while those of the fourth legs are both
one-jointed.
In the ventral view both rami of the fourth
the endopods of the third legs are one-jointed;
all
legs,
and
the other rami are
two-jointed.
Such data are hardly sufficient to decide whether the two specimens
and female of the same species or not, nor even that they
are the male
certainly belong to the genus Pandarus.
None
genera here considered have one-jointed endopods in

swimming legs. But this is manifestly an error on
Beneden's part, and the ramus should have two joints like the exopod.
With this one correction, assuming that all the details are accurately
stated, the appendages, the general body form, the relative size, and
shape of the different segments, and particularly the narrow and
elongated posterior lobes of the carapace, correspond exactly with
those found in Nesvppus males.
And at the same time they are radically different from those* of
Pandarus males in particular the present species lacks the accessory
of the
the third pair of
lobes on the posterior margin of the carapace, there are no legs visible
on the genital segment, and the abdomen has but a single joint.
Furthermore Nesipj)us males are usually found in company with both
sexes of other genera on the outside of the host, while the adult
females are confined to the gill arches in the throat. "We may reasonably conclude, therefore, that while the female undoubtedly belongs
to the
genus Pandarus, the male
is
not a Pandarus at
all,
but a
Nesipjms.
Later in the same year Beneden published another paper, entitled

Caligids from the Coast of Africa and the Azores Archi-
Some new
pelago, in the
same
periodical."
new forms described he calls Nogagus angustatus,

which he claims to have found both sexes.
But his mistakes here are even worse than those of the former
paper; in the first place his species is not identical with Gerstaecker's
Nogagus angustulus, as he claims. The difference in spelling is
accounted for by the fact that in Gerstaecker's paper (1854) the
specific name is spelled ^'angustulus" in the text, and "angustatus"
in the explanation of the plates.
The former was evidently' the one
intended by Gerstaecker, and it is quoted by Steenstrup and Lutken,
and by Bassett-Smith. If any reliance can be placed upon Beneden's
figures, there are enough differences, even in a dorsal view, to distinguish the two species at a glance.
(See N. angustulus, p. 351.)
Again, supposing the male had been the same as Gerstaecker's
species, it was long ago proved that the entire genus Nogaus is made
The second
of the
of
a Pages 241 to 262.
NO. 1573.
433
of the males of other genera, and must wholly disappear as our

knowledge of these parasites becomes more complete.
The thing to do, therefore, is not to refer the female to the genus
of the male, for the male has no genus, but to do exactly the reverse,
take the male out of this heterogeneous collection known as ^^Nogagus'' and place him in a valid genus to which the female belongs.
Hence, the question to determine is, to what genus does the female
described by Beneden belong ?
Bassett-Smith suggests (1899, p. 459) that it is a species of Dysgamus, but unfortiuiately no female of this genus has ever been described,
so that we have no type with which to compare it.
The Dysgamus male, as described by Steenstrup and Liitken, the
founders of the genus, is not a Nogaus form at all, but one in which
the first three segments of the thorax are all united with the head to
form the carapace, the fourth segment only being free.
A furca is present, and the details of the appendages, especially
the swimming legs, are very difi'erent from what we find here.
up
The female, when found, must belong to the Eurypho rinse, while
female described by Beneden is evidently one of the Pandarinse.
this
Moreover
it presents exactly the characters here given to the genus

Nesippus; the carapace is wider than long; the second and third
thorax segments are fused together and furnished with a single pair
of lateral lobes; the frontal plates are conspicuous; the genital segment is- elongated; the abdomen is short and one-jointed; the anal
laminee are relatively small, but armed with large setie; the swim-
ming
legs are all l)iramose, the first three pairs are two-jointed, the
fourth pair one-jointed.
Nogagus," therefore, is really a female Nesippufi, and the

must be called Nessipus angustatus A an Beneden, since it is
different from those heretofore described.
Beneden made his third mistake in supposing that he had two
sexes; what he describes as a male is really not a Nogaus form, but a
young female, with the egg-strings as yet undeveloped (see p. 444).
The true male of this species is probably the form mentioned above,
which Beneden described as the male of Paridarus ajfinis. We have
alreatly shown that this was not a Paridarus but a Nesippus male; it
came from exactly the same locality, the Bay of Dakar, was collected
by the same man, M. Chevreux, and was sent to Beneden in the same
This
''
species
with the female specimens.

it corresponds exactl}^ in bod}' form and in so much of
the anatomy as can be made out from Beneden's data.
We may
conclude, therefore, 1, that the female of Beneden's Pandarus
affinis was a true Pandarus, and as such it has been included in the
key on page 394; 2, that what he described as the male of the same
lot
Moreover
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
28
434
vol. xxxiii.
species was really the male of Nesippus angustatus; 3, that his Nogagus angustatus was not the same as Gerstaecker's iV. angustulus; 4,
that it was not a Nogaus at all, nor did it even include the male sex,
but was made up of two females, an adult with egg strings which he
recognized as a female, and an immature female without egg strings,
which he called a male. Both sexes of this new Nesippus species
have been included
in the
key on page 425.
NESIPPUS CURTICAUDIS
Plate
Dana.
XXXVI.
Dana, 1852, p. 1375, pi. xcv, figs. 6 a-h.

32. Thomson, 1889, p. 365.
Steenstrup and Lutken, 1861, pp. 383 and
Specilligus curticaudis
Olaus,
1875,
p. 352, pi. XXIV, fig.
Nogagus curticaudis
Male.
Carapace
elliptical,
trifle
390.
wider than long, excluding the
posterior lobes, with an evenly rounded anterior margin
and a
slightly
concave posterior margin between the lobes.

Frontal plates narrow-linear and following closely the contour of
the frontal margin of the carapace, not appreciably enlarged at the
ends as in horealis. Posterior lobes very narrow, reaching nearly to
the posterior margin of the third thorax segment, and turned outward a little. Eyes visible with difficulty, on the median line in the
usual position; just in front of
them and separated a little are the

by Dana (see below), one on eithei
large prominent conspicilla noted

side of the
The
body
axis.
three free thorax segments are about the
same
length, but
decrease regularly in width, the fourth being five-eighths as wide as

the second.
The lateral lobes of the second segment are narrow and
extend diagonally backward as far as. the posterior border of the third
segment.
Genital segment the same width as the fourth segment, elliptical,
a little wider than long, and squarely truncated both anteriorly and
posteriorly.
Its sides are evenly rounded and each shows just in
front of the posterior corner a small papilla armed with a single
spine.
There is a well-defined furrow on either side of the dorsal
surface, about one-fourth the width from the lateral margin.
The
surface between these grooves in the center of the segment is more
strongly arched than that of the margins.
The abdomen is triangular, considerably wider than long, with the apex projecting between
the anal laminae and deeply incised.
Anal laminae also triangular,
reaching a little beyond the tip of the abdomen, and each armed
with three large setse. First antennas rather slender, but both joints
armed with long and bushy plumose setse; second pair stout, the
basal joint armed with a large roughened knob on its posterior margin, the terminal claw rather short, but stout and strongly curved.
Mouth-tube long and slender, with the mandibles protruding at the
'
NO. 1673.
435
mandibles of the shape usual in the Pandarinse, the interlocking
tip;
teeth along- the inner margins being minute
and
triangular.
much
maxillae with the basal joint not enlarged as
wSecond
as in alatus, the
terminal spine long, pointed inward toward the mouth-tube, and

at its base on the outer side.
First maxillipeds
somewhat enlarged
with a terminal claw fully as long as the joint which bears it, and
strongly curved.
The accessory claw arises from the posterior border
close to the base of the terminal claw, and is about half the size of the
latter.
Second maxillipeds much swollen, the very broad basal joint
with a pair of knobs on its ventral margins, while the knoblike
pinchers of the terminal joint cover the whole of that portion of the
surface.
The spines and
on the swimming
legs are arranged as follows

endopod, 0,0; 0, III: second exopod, 0, I;
4, VI: endopod, 0, I; 0, VII: third exopod, 1, 0; 3, V: endopod, 0,
I; 0, IV: fourth exopod, 4, IV: endopod, 0, IV.
Total length, 6.53 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 2.5 mm:;
width of same, 2.7 mm.; length of free segments, 2.1 mm.; length of
genital segment, 1.33 mm.
Color (preserved material) a uniform l)rownish yellow wîthout pigment spots; the pigment of the paired eyes a deep blue, of the unpaired eye a bright red.
First exopod,
1,
setas
0; 3,111:
(curticaudis: curtus, short, and cauda, tail.)

This species was originally described by Dana, in 1852 and made
the type of a new genus called ^' SpeciUigus" from the lenticular
bodies or conspicilla situated in front of the eyes.
In his genus
diagnosis Dana says: "The essential point of difference between this
genus and Nngagus is the existence of two large transparent corneas
These conspicilla
may be
pressure they proved to be brittle, though rather
(conspicilla) exactly like those of the Sapphiringe.
are attached to the exterior shell, but with
separated.
hard
On
some
difficulty
'
We now know that similar conspicilla are present in other Nesipjms

and Perissopus males, and occasionally in those belonging to some of
the other genera.
Being common to several genera, therefore, they
would have no generic value furthermore, they are not found at all
in the females of any genus.
These two facts entirely destroy Dana's distinctions and leave us
simply the problem of locating this male among the genera belonging
;
to the Pandarinjp.
Steenstrup and Liitken in 1861 call attention to the fact that this
was taken in company with Dana's Nogagus validus and Pandarus hrevicaudis, on the same day and spot, and presmnably from
species
the
same
ligus,
fish.
They
also call the species
Nogagus instead of Specil-
but offer no explanation for the change.
436
We
vol. xxxiir.
have already shown that Nogagus validus and Pandarus
caudis are probably the male and female of the
same
Irrevi-
species,
and
hence the fact that the present species was found with them would
not be specially si2;nificant.
Claus in 1875 mentions a similar form found in the Mediterranean,
and concludes that Dana's Specilligus is really a Nogaus male of
some genus belonging to the Pandarinse. He only mentions the
genera Dinemaiura, EcJithrogaleus and Pandarus, but if we interpret
his meaning aright these are given rather as samples than as comprising the onl}^ genera to which Specilligus could belong.
Gerstaecker in Brohn's Thierreich considered that this genus of
Dana's was very closely related to if not indentical with Nogaus.
Thomson mentions the species in his Parasitic Copepoda of New Zealand (1889), but adds nothing new in the way of description or
,
identification.
Bassett-Smith in 1899 makes " Nogagus curticaudatus'" a synonym

of Gangliopus injriforinis, referring to Steenstrup and Liitken for his
But he made a bad mistake both in his spelling of the
authority.
specific name and in his reading of the Danish paper referred to.
Steenstrup and Liitken declare that Gerstaecker' s Nogagus angustulus,
and not the present species, was taken on the same fish with Pandarus
dentatus Edwards and Gangliopus pyriformis Gerstaecker.
The statement they make in reference to Dana's species has already been given.
It is
therefore practically certain that the present species
is
Nogaus form, that it does not belong to any of the genera just mentioned, and that it does conform in all its details with the male of the
genus Nesippus. Dana's description, though brief, is ver}^ accurate
and his figures are excellent, but as the Museum collection contains
several fine specimens of the species a more complete description has
been given to accompany this definite location in the genus Nesippus.
There are two lots of specimens, one, Cat. No. 6917, U.S.N.M., taken
from a Carcharias between Papua and Japan on the Challenger Expedition, and obtained through exchange with G. S. Brady, of England;
the other. Cat. No. 32742, U.S.N.M., contains five males taken from a
10-foot shark at Station 2422 by the Fisheries steamer Albatross in
With reference to the conspicilla they show plainly in some
1885.
specimens, while in others from the same bottle they can be seen only
under strong light, transmitted through the body of the specimen.
They evidently belong to the internal anatomy and bid fair, on further
examination, to be closely related to the frontal attachment gland.

PA RASITIC COPEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
NESIPPUS BOREALIS
437
Plate XXXVII.
Nogagus
borealis
sett-Smith, 1899,
ISfil, p.
387, pi. xi,
fig. 21.
Bas-
p. 4()0.
Male.
Carapace strongly arched dorsally, about the same length
and width, exclusive of the posterior lobes; narrowed anteriorly to a
broad and rounded knob which projects over and some distance in
Eyes large, placed
front of the proximal ends of the frontal plates.
far forward on either side of the median line, in contact with each
The frontal plates are enlarged at their distal
other, but not fused.
ends and evenly rounded, and they cover the l)asal joints of the first
antenna?.
Posterior lobes narrow and reaching a little beyond the
center of the second thorax segment; posterior margin between the
lobes slightly concave and perfectly smooth.
The projection of the
carapace forward and the comparative shortness of these lobes is
probaldy due to shrinkage in the alcohol, and is not the normal condition.
The entire body of the copepod is perceptibly curled over
ventrally, bringing the large conspicilla in front of the eyes on the
very margin in a dorsal view.
Free thorax segments, chiefly noticeable for their great length and
contracted width, the two combining to produce an excepti(nially
elongated appearance. Some of tliis is no doubt due to the same
shrinkage just mentioned, for the segments are all strongly arched
and the lateral processes on the first one are turned over toward the
ventral surface so as to be nearly invisible tlorsally.
But the shrink-
age can have practically nothing to do with the length of the segments,
so that the species
is
an elongate one under any conditions. In the

and Lutken there has evidently not l)een
figure given l)y Steenstrup
as
much
shrinkage as in the present specimen.
The first free segment is seen to be considerably wider than the

two following ones, with nearly straight sides and very small, triangular lateral lobes. The free segments together are the same length
as the carapace on the mid-line, and the fourth one is three-fifths the
width of the second and the same width as the genital segment.
The latter is longer than wide, with rather sharp corners and slightly
convex sides. There are no traces of rudimentary legs either on the
lateral margins or the posterior corners.
Posteriorly where it joins the abdomen the segment is narrowed
into a sort of neck, and is traversed, on both the dorsal and ventral
surfaces, by a pair of longitudinal furrows, one on either side, a short
distance from the lateral margin.
The ventral surface is flat throughout, while the dorsal surface between the furrows is strongly arched.
Abdomen one-jointed and triangular, with well-rounded angles, one
of which, slightly incised, points backward between the anal laminge.
438
voi. xxxiii.
These latter are broad but short and occupy nearly the whole of the'
abdomen; each is armed with four large setse, one
near the anterior margin and the other three bunched together on
free sides of the
the posterior margin.

Both joints of the first antennae are well armed with
seine, some of
which are much longer than usual; neither joint has such bushy setae
as portrayed by Steenstrup and Liitken, but they are much better
There is a circular adhesion pad behind each
supplied than usual.
antenna close to the margin of the carapace.
The second antennae arise near the base of the mouth-tube, are of
The
the usual shape, and end in a powerful claw, strongly curved.
second maxillae have a stout basal joint, while the terminal spine is
long and slender; the same is also true of the hrst maxillipeds, whose
Close to the base

is nearly as long as the terminal joint.
spindle-shaped
fuiger
seen
the
mentioned
by Steenclaw
can
be
of the
going
out
right
angles
to
the
posterior
Ltitken
as
at
border
and
strup
of the terminal joint, and a group of spines between the finger and the
The long terminal
terminal claw and around the base of the latter.
claw is also fringed with fine spines as in their specimens.
The second mixillipeds have a single knob on the ventral surface
slender claw
and a pair of pincher-like knobs on the

and Liitken give this appendage armed
with a long claw instead of the pincher-like jaws, but this is no more
of a variation than is commonly found in other species of this genus.
As noted on page 330 the second maxillipeds of the males of alatus are
sometimes furnished with claws and sometimes with pincher-like
of the swollen basal joint,
terminal joint.
wSteenstrup
knobs.
on the swimming legs is

1, 0; 3, IV: endopod,
endopod,
0, III: second l)asipod, 1 seta: exopod, 1, I; 3, A
exopod, 1, 0;1, V: endopod,
0, VII: third basipod, 1 seta:
0, IV: fourth })asip()d, naked: exopod, 2, IV: endopod, 0, IV.
The arrangement
of the spines
and
setae
as follows: First basipod, 2 spines: exopod,

0,
0;
0,
I;
0, I;
Total length,
S.2
mm.
length of carapace, including posterior
lobes, 3.8 mm.; width of same, 3.2 mm.; length of free thorax,
2.8 mm.; length of genital segment, 2.1 mm.
Color (preserved material) a uniform yellowish brown, much
darker on the genital segment and abdomen, but without pigment.
{borealis, northern, all the specimens having come from the far
north.)
The U.
of
this
S.
National
species
Museum
Collection contains a single specimen

32789, U.S.N.M., which came from an
by Dr. W. H. Dall. The size of this male
Cat. No.
Alaska collection made

and of those recorded by Steenstrup and Liitken, which were 11
mm. long, indicates that the female must also be larger than the
ones already described.
PA a A SITIC COPEPODS
NO. 1573.
1 1
'II.
439
SON.
Genus PROS^^-TES, new genus name.

Stasiotoi rhinodontis
Wkight,
xxxv,
]874, p. 588, pi.
ligs. 1
to 4.
In the above year E. P. Wright published an account of a new

genus belonging- to the Pandarintie, whicli he named Stasiotes.
As this name had been emplo3"ed by Jan for a snake genus in LS62,
the name Prossetes is suggested in its place.
The
parasites,
number
the
to
obtained from the
of
40
or
50,
all
females,
were
a huge shark, Rliinodon typicus Smitli, at

This is one of the largest and least known
gills of
the Seychelles Islands.
of the sharks, thus ex])laining the fact that this parasite has not been
seen
l)y
any other
investigator.
Carapace
as broad as long; frontal plates distinct, but

not ])r()minent; lateral areas wide and divided by transverse grooves
Female.
and evenly rounded.

Second tliorax segment short, with^ broad lateral lobes; third
segment longer, but without dorsal plates or IoIjcs; fourth segment
very small, with a rudimentary pair of dorsal plates fringed with
bristles.
Genital segment orbicular, wider than hmg, with a shallow
as in Echtlirogaleus; posterior lobes wide
Abdoand wholly concealed beneath the

genital segment; anal lamina? long, narrow, and projecting beyond
the posterior margin of the genital segment.
Appendages like those of Nesippus; second maxillipeds not
swollen, armed with a long terminal claw, both the claw and the joint
which carries it furnished with a large spine.
posterior sinus; a pair of legs visible at the posterior corners.
men wedge-shaped,
one-jointed,
swinuning legs biramose, rami of the first three pairs twoplumose seta^, of the fourth pair with fused joints and
non plumose seta?. Egg-strings unknown.
(Prossetes, 7rpoaaiTi/g, a beggar who is very persistent.)
All the
jointed, with
Genus
NOGAUS
Leach.
This genus furnishes one of the best examples of a ])otpourri that

has ever appeared on the pages of science.
Originally founded l)y Leach in 1819 upon a single male specimen
which he called Nogaus latreillii, it t[uickly grew into a group of a
dozen or more species. Nor did these additions cease when it became
known that the genus as such could not stand, but new species have
appeared at intervals up to the very beginning of the present century.
In consequence there are now about twent v of these forms heterogeneously grouped about an imaginary type known as " Nogagus."
'
Milne Edwards substitutes
this spelling for that originally
given by Leach, Des-
marost, and Burmeister witliout a word of explanation or justification.

writers ha\-e followed
him
rather than the founder of the genus.
Subsequent
440
vol.
xxxm.
The genus was very poorly described by its author and by the others
followed him, and to this defect, no doubt, is partly
who immediately
due the confusion which has ensued ever

Leach's description
is
since.
as follows:
Deux courtes soies a le queue, portant plusieurs styles a leur extremite: les trois
premieres pieces de rabdomen ont les cotes arrondis, tandis que le quatrieme et le
cinquieme les ont termines en pointe: tet en forme de fer a cheval (1819, p. 535).
Desmarest in 1825 copied Leach's description, but made a curious

blunder in endeavoring to explain the ''deux courtes soies."
For he wrote in his genus diagnosis of Nogaus:
Deux
courtes soies ou tubes oviferes a la queue, portant plusiem-s styles a leur
extremite
(p. 340).
Egg-tubes carrying styles at their tip would be an anomaly indeed.

Burmeister repeated this blunder in 1833 by declaring:
Ausserdem gehoren noch die beiden von Desmarest erwahnten Gattungen
Nogaus Leach, und Riscvlus Leach, heigher (Caligina), welche sich durch Anhange
am Ende der Eierhalter von alien unterscheiden (p. 331).
These mistakes become doubly ridiculous when we remember that

Leach's original specimen, which as yet remained the only one de-
was a male.
Only a few details were added by other writers and even so good a
systematist as ]\Iilne Edwards was content to say when defining
this genus in his great work on the Crustacea published in 1840:
scribed,
principalement par la structure des pates posterieures, lesquelles,

comme chez les Caliges, sont l)iramees et
celles des paires precedentes (p. 459).
II est carecterise
au
lieu d'etre simples et subambulatoires
natatoires
comme
As though
this
were not common,
also, to
every genus of
tlie
Pan-
Indeed Milne Edwards himself, in describing the genera

of the Pandarinaa, states under nearly every one, "Les pates sont
conformees comme chez les Nogagues."
He then adds under Nogagus:
daring.
compose de quatre grands articles Ijien distincts; et le premier de

anneau thoracique, le premier anneau etant
toujours confondu avec la tete) presente de chaque c6te un petit prolongement lamelEnfin, les deux petites lames natatoires qui terminent I'abdomen sont un peu
leux.
plus developpees que chez la plupart des Caligiens (p. 459).
Le thorax
se
ces articles (correspondant au second
In making this
statement he substituted one error for another;

"tubes oviferes," as he
regarded
as "lames natatoires."
they
be
recognized, but neither can
With regard to their size he evidently failed to consider the fact
The anal laminae in this
that he was speaking exclusively of males.
sex are always larger than in the females, and those possessed by
Nogaus species are no larger than would naturally be expected.
last
the anal laminf? are most certainly not
NO. 1573.
With
reference to his
first
441
statement, in spite of the fact that the
segments are separate and free, only the first one being joined
witli the head, nevertheless he places the genus under the "Caligidce,"
and not under the "Pandaridas," where it would legitimate!}^ belong.
To judge from his tabular key to the various genera this location of
Nogaus was based upon the fact that none of the species (which he
now increases to three) possesses any tlorsal plates upon the free
tliorax
thorax.
made up excluwould naturally be no

while the genera which he placed under the Pandaridee
But again he
sively of males,
dorsal plates,
are
made up
bearers.
forgets that these three species are
upon whose
free thorax there
just as exclusively of females,
who
are the usual plate-
A little reflection also would show that this absence of dorsal
plates is more than overbalanced by the freedom of the thorax segments, and particularly by the structure and position of the mouthparts.
These latter Milne Edwards entirely ignores, when even a cursory

examination would have shown that they are like those found in
Pandarus and allied genera, and considerably dift'erent from those of
Caligus and its near relatives.
The genus being thus founded exclusively upon the characters of
the male sex, there has been a constant eft'ort to discover, if possible,
a female of some of the species, in order that the genus diagnosis might
be completed.
Gerstaecker published in 1853 the first account of a Nogaus female,
which he called Nogagus productus. In discussing the synonymy he
makes Miiller's Oaligus productus, Otto's Caligus paradoxus, antl

Nordmann's Binoculus sexsetaceus synonyms of his Nogagus, and claims
that the latter name must stand by priority.
jNliiller's Caligus produclus has been proved to l)e a Dinemalura, the
genus established for it in 1829 by Latreille, while Otto's Caligus
paradoxus was made the type of the genus Demoleus by Heller in 1S65.
Nordmann's Binoculus becomes a synonym of this latter genus.
Gerstaecker thus made two mistakes, fifst in supposing that Miiller's
female and Otto's male were the two sexes of the same species, and,
second, in assuming that Otto's male belonged to the same genus as
Nogaus latreillii, Leach's original t^'pe. These mistakes render his
paper of no value so far as the present genus is concerned, for the
female which he presents is not a Nogaus at all, but a Dinematura.
The second attempt at finding a Nogaus female was made by Krover
in 1803.
lie described (p. 168) several specimens of two kinds of
these ])arasites which had been secured from the outside surface of a
large Carcharias taken in the open Atlantic.
442
The
larger of the
Iêach's
Nogaus
two forms he found
latreillii;
^ vol. xxxiii.
to be males, identical with
the smaller ones were females, and he con-
them as the females of the same species.

The only reasons actually given for this opinion were that the two
forms were found on the same fish and were of the same color.
The statement was also made that a detailed examination confirmed this view, but no details were given.
This assumption of the identity of the two sexes led Kroyer to the
sidered
(p. 173) that Dana's Nogagus validus and Specilwhich were taken together upon one fish, are probably the two sexes of the same species.
Nogagus tenax (Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861) and Nogagus gracilis
further declaration
ligus curticaudis,
(Burmeister, 1832) he also regarded as females of the
same genus.
In fact, Kroyer regarded the two groups into which Steenstrup and
Liitken had divided their Nogagus species as made up, the one group
of males and the other of females.
A careful examination of Kroyer's description, and especially of his
excellent figures, makes it reasonably certain that the smaller forms
which he called the females of Nogagus latreillii, and. which were stated
to be immature, are really young females of the genus Nesippus.
If
his figures be compared with figure 205 of the present paper, which is
certainly an immature Nesippus, it will be found that they are so
similar as to leave little doubt that they belong to the same genus.
Furthermore, there are in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum several lots of specimens obtained by the steamer Albatross
of the Bureau of Fisheries.
Each lot includes the species obtained
from a single fish, and in three instances these embrace specimens of
Nogaus latreillii and Nesippus alatus.
The two have been obtained together on the same fish by the
author also on several occasions.
As to Dana's two species, Nogagus validus and Specilligus curticaudis, whicli have been personally examined and are described on
pages 397 and 434, they are both certainly males, and therefore could
not very well be the two sexes'of the same species. This is also true
of all the Nogaus species described by Steenstrup and Liitken which
have come under the author's observation. They are all males and
are clearly so described by those authors.
As the search for a Nogaus female progressed it became more and

more evident that t^lie forms grouped under the genus name Nogagus "
'
'
were
males of several different genera.

As early as 1861 Steenstrup and Liitken, in speaking of the Pandarinae, after deploring the fact that both sexes were known of but a
single species in the entire subfamily, ask the question, "May not the
forms included in the genus Nogagus be the true males of those females
belonging to the genera Dinemura, Phyllophorus, Pandarus, Ganglioin reality the
PARASirW COPEPODSWILSOX.
NO. 1573.
443
Not being able to answer the question defithey concluded to classify all male forms as ^^ Nogagus^^ species,
while the females were placed in the other genera.
They then divided
the '^ Nogagus'^ forms into two groups and the same division was
subsequently adopted by Gerstaecker in Broun 's Thierreich. In the
latter publication Gerstaecker even names his second subfamily after
this genus, calling it the Nogagina.
The two groups as given by
Steenstrup and Tiitken are: A, those having the fourth legs biramose,
the rami two-jointed, and the "tail" (abdomen) two-jointed; B, those
having the fourth legs biramose, the rami one-jointed, and the "tail"
2ûs,
and Lepido^msV
nitely,
also one-jointed.
data given on the following pages will show

toward a separation of the different
genera included in tins imaginary genus, lender the first group (A)
would come the males of Pamlarus, Echthrogalfus, and Dinematura,
while in the second group (B) would be included the males of Nesipjms
and Perissopus. But there are two genera which were not included
in either group, Demoleus, which belongs in the first group and is the
largest of all the Nogaus forms, and Gangliopus, in the males of which
the abdomen is two-jointed, but the rami of t!ie fourth legs have only
that
comparison
tJiis
was
of the
really the first step
a single joint.
Gerstaecker reverses the order of the two groups and says nothing
about the joints of the abdomen.
Steenstrup and Liitken and Heller place the ^' Nogagus'' species
under the Pandarinae; Gerstaecker niakes of them a third subfamily,
distinct from both the Caliginae and Pandarinae, calls it, as noted
above, the Nogagina, and includes in it along with '' Nogagus'' the
genera Nesippus, Demoleus, Dysgainus, Euryphonis, Trehius, Elytropliora, Alehion, Dinematura, and Echthrogaleus.
Most other writers place the Nogaus forms under the Caligina^, even
so recent a writer as Bassett-Smith (1899) putting them there.
That
they really belong with the Pandarinae was well argued by Hesse in
1883, who gave the following reasons for such a classification: (1) The
grooves separating the areas on the dorsal surface of the carapace are
not like those in the Caliginse. This is due to the fact that (2) only
one thorax segment is fused with the head, all the others being free,
while in the Caliginae three of the segments are fused with the head
and only one is free. (3) The anal laminae are larger and flatter than
those in the Caligim^, and are similar to those
the Pandarinae.
(4) The eyes are not fused on the mid-line, but are separated after the
manner of the Pandarinae, and there is a third eye similar to that in
many of the latter. (5) There are no lunules, furca, nor first maxillae.
(6) The mouth-tube is elongated and narrow-conical, terminating in a
lanceolate point exactly like that of Pandarus, but very different from
the short and wide tube of the Caliginae, which is blunth^ rounded at
444
vol. xxxiii.
the tip.
(7) The structure of the third legs is radically different from
that of the Caliginse and similar to that of the Pandarinae (p. 29).
These reasons are well stated and convincing, but unfortunately
Hesse made such serious blunders, both morphological and physiological, in this
same paper that they have
of his systematic
argument.
Some
virtually annulled the force
of these errors
have already been
discussed elsewhere.'^ It is sufficient to state here that Hesse describes

his " Nogagus spina cii-achantias'' as a female, with the male unknown.
His attempt, therefore, to establish a female Nogaus is the third in

His only apparent reason for considering his
chronological order.
is
the fact that he found a chalimus embryo
specimen a female
carapace.
attached to its
He accordingly assumes that the adult is the mother and the chali-
mus
is
her offspring.
Both the description and the figures which Hesse gives show that
the adult is a male and not a female, and in all probability it is the
male of ''Pandarus spinacii-acliantias,'' which Hesse obtained from
the same fish and in company with the " Nogagus'' (see p. 458).
The fourth attempt to find a Nogaus female was the publication by
Beneden in 1892 of the two sexes of " Nogagus angustatus.'' Beneden
states that he considei's this the same as Gerstaecker's " Nogagus
The difference
angustulus,'' the male of which was published in 1854.
for
by a printer's
accounted
is
names
species
two
of
the
spelling
the
in
In the text the name appears as arigusbut in the explanation of the plates it is changed to angustatus.
But Beneden also made two mistakes here; in the first place the male
error in Gerstaecker's paper.
tulus,
of his species
is
quite different from that described
by Gerstaeker,
in the relative size of the carapace, {b) in the fusion of the second
and third thorax segments, which are entirely distinct in Gerstaecker's
(ft)
(r) in the size and more especially the shape of the genital segment, (.d) in the abdomen, one-jointed and very short in Beneden's
specimen, but two-jointed and two-thirds as long as the genital seg-
male,
ment in Gerstaecker's species (see pp. 351 and 431).

The second error was in naming the female from the male
if
Bene-
belongs to the genus

Nesippus. And hence his male becomes a male Nesippus instead of
the female becoming a female Nogaus.
This latter genus is therefore left as it was at the beginning, without
Indeed, the only
a single female representative of any of the species.
den's figure of the female
is
at
all
accurate,
it
female which could possibly bear the genus name Nogaus would be
the female of Leach's original type Nogaus latreillii. But this female
is now found to be the form described by Leach in the same paper on
This genus
the preceding page under the name Pandarus cranchii.
"Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XXVIII,
pp. 547-548.
NO. 1573.
445
Pandarus was established three years previously by the same author,

and hence the genus name Nogaiis becomes a synonym of Pandarus
and must l)e dropped.
Such being the condition, it becomes necessary to assort the various
Nogaus species and connect them as the male sex with the proper
females described in other genera. Several efforts have already been
made in this direction, but there has been such an utter abandon of
even the simplest rules of systematization that it would be deplorable
if it were not so ridiculous.
With one or two exceptions, the only reason which an author has
offered for considering a Nogaus form as the male of any species has
been the simple fact that it was found with the female of that species
upon the same lish. And some have not even taken the trouble to
go thus far, but have considered a similarity of geographical distribution sufficient evidence of probable identit}^ in the two sexes.
Geographical distribution certainly counts for something, and the
fijiding of the two sexes upon the same fish counts for more, but
neither of them has any weight at all when compared with morphological details,
except in confirmation of the
latter.
And
yet these morphological details are the very things which

have been most neglected. In the preparation of the ])resent paper
the author has had occasion to examine in minute detail the various
genera which compose the subfamily Pandarina;.

And along with the others came an extended study of this group
known as the genus " Nogagus." An earnest endeavor has been
made to separate these forms upon a morphological basis, and to
connect each of the types with the genus which is its morphological
counterpart.
In tliiseft'ort the author has* been greatly assisted by
the fact that he has himself taken three of the types in actual copulation with females of as many different genera.
And about the
same number have been recorded l)y other writers who have dealt
with the Pandarinas.
The parts of special importance in comparing the various s])ecies
are the second maxillae, the second maxillipeds, the rami of the
swimming legs, the relative size and shape of the genital segment
and abdomen, and the ])resence or absence of the fifth .and sixth
pairs of legs
''conspicilla"
and of the lens-like protrusions called by Dana (1852)

on the dorsal surface of the carapace.
Using these morphological details as a basis of comparison,

separate the Nogaus forms into the following genus types:
we may
Genus Pandarus. Carapace broad and well rounded, without conbut wîth accessory posterior lobes; genital segment enlarged,
showing both the fifth and sixth legs; abdomen two-jointed, joints
about the same size; legs all biramose, rami two-jointed; second
spicilla,

446
vol. xxxiii.
and laminate; second maxillipeds much enlarged

and armed with both claws and knobs. Here belong
Certainly: Pandarus bicolor Scott, 1900.
Nogaus latreillii Leach, 1819.
Nogagus validus Dana, 1852.
Pandarus sinuatus, new male tyjê.
Pandarus smithii, new male type.
Probably: Nogagus spinacii-achantias Hesse, 1883.
Genus Demoleus. Carapace large, orbicular, without conspicilla or
accessory lobes; genital segment elongate, no legs visible dorsally;
maxillBB flattened
abdomen
two-jointed, joints unequal; anal lamiuie very large; legs
biramose, rami, two-jointed; second niaxilh^ narrow and spinelike; second maxillipeds not swollen, with a normal terminal claw
all
and no knobs.
Here belong
Certainly: Caligus paradoxus Otto, 1828.
Nogagus grandis Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861.

Probably: Dinematura musteli-lsevis Hesse, 1880.
Genus Perissopus. Carapace elongate-elliptical, with conspicilla
and with minute accessory lobes; genital segment not enlarged, one
pair of legs visible in young specimens; abdomen one-jointed; anal
laminjie small; legs all biramose, rami of flrst three pairs two-jointed,
of fourth pair one-jointed; second maxillae short, slender, spine-like;
second maxillipeds much swollen, with a short, curved claw and
corrugated knobs. Here belong

Certainly: Perissopus communis,
Probably: Nogagus
new male
type.
cselehs Heller, 1865.
Pandarus crancliii Beneden, 1892 .

Nogagus elcmgatus Heller, 1865.
Nogagus lunatus Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861.
Nogagus socialis Olsson, 1869.
Genus Nesippus. Carapace acorn-shaped, short and wide, with
conspicilla, without accessory lobes; genital segment slightly enlarged,
efliptical, no legs visible dorsally; abdomen one-jointed; legs all biramose, rami of first three pairs two-jointed, of fourth pair one-jointed;
second maxillae with enlarged and flattened basal joint and slender
terminal joint; second maxillipeds much enlarged, the terminal claw

Here belong
flattened and laminate or with knobs onl}^
Certainly: Nogagus angustatus Beneden, 1892 h.
;
Nesippus alatus Wilson, 1905.

Nogagus horealis Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861.
Specilligus curticaudis Dana, 1852.
Nesippus orientalis Heller, 1865.
Probably: Pandarus affinis Beneden, 1892 a.
Nogagus tenax Steenstrup and Liitken, 1861.
Nogagus hrevicaudatus Milne Edwards^ 1840.
NO. 1673.
447
Genus Gangliopus. Carapace elongate-elliptical, without coiispigenital segment enlarged, quadrangular, showing one pair of
cilla;
abdomen two-jointed, joints equal; anal laminjc small; legs all

biramose, rami of the first three pairs two-jointed, of the fourth pair
one-jointed; second maxilhi3 narrow and spine-like; second maxillipeds swollen, but whether with knobs or claws is not known. Here
legs;
belongs j^robably Gerstaecker's Nogagus angustulus found with females

of
Gangliopus pyriformis.
Genus Echthrogaleus.
Carapace wide
elliptical,
without conspicilla
and fourth thorax segments lunate, the

fourth fitting down over the rounded anterior end of the genital segment; the latter oblong, enlarged, showing one pair of legs; abdomen
two-jointed, basal joint much the smaller; anal lamimv medium sized;
legs all biramose, exopods of the second and third pairs three-jointed,
other rami two-jointed; second maxillae narrow and spine-like; second
Here
maxillipeds not much swollen, with terminal claw only.
or accessory lobes; second
belong
Certainly: Echthrogaleus hraccatus (male) Heller, 1865.
Echthrogaleus perspicax (male) Thomson, 1889.

Dinematura neozealanica (male) Thomson, 1889.
Probably: Pandarus armatus (male) Thomson, 1889.
Genus Dinematura. Carapace wide orbicular, without conspicilla or
accessory lobes; genital segment enlarged, oblong, no legs visible;
abdomen two-jointed, joints equal; anal laminae large; all the legs
biramose, rami of the first and fourth pairs two-jointed, of the second
and third pairs three-jointed; second maxilla slender, elongate, spinelike; second maxillipeds moderately swollen, with a terminal claw
only, no knobs.
Here belong
Certainly: Nogagus productus Gerstaecker.
Dinematura latifolia, new male type.

Dinematura hamiltoni (male) Thomson.
Probably: Dinematura elongata Beneden.
Nogagus gracilis Burmeister.
Indeterminate.
Nogagus luetlxeMi Norman; Pandarus musteliIsevis (male)
Hesse; Pandarus unicolor (male) Hesse; Pandarus
spinacii-achantias (male) Hesse.
Belonging to the Eurypltoi^nse.

Nogagus erra/ns Kroyer; Nogagus
tnurrayi Brady.
In order to complete this review of the Nogaus species so far as
present data will allow, each of the thirty-four forms just located
is taken up alphabetically in the following pages, and all available
information with reference to it is given. The five new male types
have, of course, never been referred to the genus Nogaus.
448
PANDARUS AFFINIS
Pandarus
ajjlnis
The male
Beneden, 1892
(Nogaus male) Beneden.
a, p.
224, pi.
figs.
i,
Nesipjms amjustatus Beneden
of
NOGAGUS ANGUSTATUS
Nogagus angustal.us Beneden, 1892
Two
vol. xxxiii.
b,
p. 245, pi.
5 to ]1.
(see p. 431).
Beneden.
i,
iigs.
5 to JO.
and yomig, the latter Beneden's "male,"

both belonging tothe genus Nesipims, species angustaius (see p. 432).
females,
adult
NOGAGUS AUGUSTULUS
Nogugiis angasluU(s
The male
Gerstaecker,
1854,
]).
Gerstaecker.
193,
jtl.
vii, iigs. 17 to 18.
of Cianglioinis pyriforrnis described in the
same paper
(see p. 350).
PANDARUS ARMATUS
(Nogaus male) Thomson.
Pcmdanis uniuUus (male) THOMSt)N, 1889,
p. 363, pi. xxvii, figs. 1 a to/.
In describing this species among the parasitic copepods of New

Zealand in 1889, Thomson gives the figure and description of a specimen taken along with the females, which he assumed must be the
male of the species. But, on comparing this figure and description
with the one given in the same paper for the male of his new species,
Dinematura (EchtJirogaleus) 7ieo2eal(mica, it is at once evident that
they are identical. Both were obtained, to quote his own language,
which is the same in the two cases, "by the captain of the whaling
barque Splendid, presumably off a shark." They agree exactly in
size, in the proportions and shape of the various body parts, and
in the details of the appendages.
This agreement is most noticeable
in the fourth legs, which in both forms have a two-jointed endopod
and a three-jointed exopod, unlike all the other Nogaus species.
With this single exception they both conform exactly to the type
here established for Echthrogaleus males, and may be referred to
that genus.
PANDARUS BICOLOR
Pandarus
Scott.
bicolor T. Scott, 1900, p. 157, pi. vi, figs. 33 to 38.
This author,
upon
(Nogaus male) T.
who has done
fish parasites,
a large
amount
of
excellent
particularly in Scottish waters, and
work
who has
many valuable papers, described in the Eighteenth Annual

Report of the fisher}' board of Scotland, a J\fog(ius -like copepod
which he considered as the male of Pandarus hicolor.
On examination of his description and the figures whicli accompany it, this Nogaus is found to conform in every detail with the
other Pandarus males, and it may therefore be accepted as the male
of the species to which Scott refers it.
published
NO. 1573.
The carapace has broad

enlarged and shows
posterior lobes;
449
the genital segment
a pair of sixth legs at its posterior corners,
is
and
a pair of fifth legs just in front of the corners on the lateral margins;
the abdomen is two-jointed, the joints equal; the antenme and
mouth parts are like those of the female

the swimming legs are all two-jointed.
NOGAGUS BOREALIS
Nogagus
borealis
hicolor,
and the rami
of
Steenstrup and Liitken.
.STEENSTRur and Lutren,
18(il, p. .387, pi. xi, lig. 21.
This species was first described by the above authors from five
specimens, three of which had been taken on a voyage to the West
Indies and the other two on a voyage to Greenland, the exact localiThey show the following charties being given for the latter only.
Carapace oval, considerably less than half the entire

and narrow posterior lobes; three free segments
diminishing regularly in width, but about the same length; genital
segment rectangular, twice as long as wide, with two longitudinal
acteristics:
length, with short
furrows on both dorsal and ventral surfaces.

Abdomen one-jointed, anal laminae short and very wide. First
antennjs with long and bushy setse; first maxillipeds with stout
terminal claw and small accessory claw, both armed with short hairs,
and with a small bunch of hairs between their bases. Rami of the
first
three pairs of legs two-jointed, of the fourth pair one-jointed.
These characters are the same as those of the single specimen described on page 437 and warrant the placing of this species under the
genus Nesippus.
ECHTHROGALEUS BRACCATUS
Echthrogakits braccains
Heller,
male Echthrogaleus
(Nogaus male)
1865, p. 197, pi. xx,
Heller.
lig. 3.
(see p. 366).
NOGAGUS BREVICAUDATUS
Nogagus brevicaudatus Milne Edwards, 1840,
Milne Edwards.
p. 460.
Milne Edwards has given us the only description ever published

and very incomplete one, as follows: "Espece
tres voisine du Nogague grele (A^. gracilis), mais ay ant I'abdomen
of this species, a short
plus court et compose d'une seule piece subtriangulaire.
Trouve aux
environs de Teneriffe."
and thus wliile it is

probable that the species is identical with Steenstrup and Liitken's
Nogagus tenax, as those authors suggest, there is no possible way
to prove this, and we must wait for further data before becoming
There are no figures with
able to locate
Proc. N.
M.
it
this description,
definitely.
vol.
xxxiii07
29
450
NOGAGUS CALEBS
Nogagus axlchs Heller, 1865,
p. 208, pi.
xx,
vol. xxxiii.
Heller.
lig. 4.
like the preceding, only a single description of this species has

ever been published, but that was so accurate, and the figures accompanying it so clear, that we have little difficult}^ in locating the species
in the genus Perissopus.
It shows distinctly the narrow lateral lobes of the carapace, separated from the central portion by well-defined grooves; the characteristic conspicilla almost touching each other on the mid-line
near the frontal plates; the short and very wide second thorax
segment, with its lateral lobes directed backward; the third and
fourth segments diminishing in width but increasing in length, the
wide and short, one-jointed abdomen with large anal lamina\
The mouth-parts and maxillipeds are very similar to those in the
female Perissopus, while the details of the swimming legs are almost
identical with those of the latter species.
The only dift'erence is found in the genital segment, which is trapezoidal, widened posteriorly with rounded angles, each armed with a
But this may well be a specific difference
large spine and a seta.
and only serve to emphasize the resemblances.
The
species is rather small (4
Nesvppus, but
is
mm.
Pandarus or
where it undoubt-
long) for either
just right for the genus Perissopus,
edly belongs.
PANDARUS CRANCHII
Pandaras cranchii Beneden, 1802
a, p.

221, pi.
i,
figs.
1-5.
In the same paper in which he descrihed Pandarus ajfinis (see p. 444)

Beneden also presented a Nogaus form which he claimed to be the
male of Pandarus cranchii. Although the description in the text is
no better than for affinis, yet the author has given for this species a
view of the ventral surface, showing all the appendages. From this
we can gather enough data to show clearly, in connection with the
general body form, that the copepod is not a Pandarus at all, but
belongs either to the genus Nesippus or Perissopus. The carapace is
narrow and elongated, with narrow posterior lobes, and without
accessory lobes the three free segments and the genital segment are
all about the same width; the latter is very small and shows no traces
of legs on its sides or posterior corners; the abdomen is one-jointed,
very small and triangular, and is armed with small and triangular
anal laminae; the second maxillipeds are armed with forceps knobs
and not with claws; the rami of the fourth legs have but a single
;
joint.
Further along in the same paper Beneden describes what he calls a

genus, and to which he gives the name OMamys incisus; Bassett-
new
NO. 1573.
451
Smith, in 1899, recognized this as a Perissopus and relocated
it
cor-
under that genus.

Beneden gives us absohitely no data as to the size of either the Nogaus male or the female CMamys, nor as to the hosts upon which they
were found. We learn incidentally that they both came from the
Ai'chipelago of the Azores, and the CMamys is further located from
rectly
CMamys
proves to be a Perissopus
its anatomy to the
female, and
will
])rove to be the
that
it
possible
males,
it
is
Perissopus
type of
incisus.
(Chlamys)
Perissopus
this
male of
At all events it is not a Pandarus male, and least of all that of the
species cranchii, the true male of which is described on page 405.
Bay
the
of
Dakar.
Since this
since the
Nogaus male conforms in
SPECILLIGUS CURTICAUDIS
SpeciUlfiiis cKiiicnudis
male NesippHS
Dana,
Dana.
1852, p. 1375, pi. xcv, figs.
a to
h.
(see p. 434).
DINEMATURA ELONGATA
Dincinoum dongata Benedent, 1892
Probably a Dineriiatura male'
a, p. 2.S1, pi. ii, ligs.
(see p. 382).
NOGAGUS ELONGATUS
Nogngus elongaius Heller,
11 to 13.
1865, p. 206, pi. xx,
Heller.
fig. 5.
This was described as a new species by Heller, but he added the

statement that it was found in company with Pandarus dentatus and
was probably the male of this latter species.
Bassett-Smith, in 1899, accepted this statement and gave the name
as a synonym of Pandarûs dentatus, but with a question mark after
A careful examination of the description and figures given by
it.
Heller render it probable that this species is not a Pandarus male,
but that it belongs to the genus Perissopus for the following reasons:
The carapace is much longer than wide with very long and narrow
posterior lobes; well-defined conspicilla are present near the anterior
border and there are no accessory lobes.

The swimming legs have long and slender rami instead of short
and stocky ones; the pattern of the legs and the number and arrangement of the setse conforms more closely to the type seen in Perissopus
than to that seen in Pandarus; the fourth legs have but a single joint
in each ramus.
The genital segment is not enlarged, but is short and
The abdosmall, and shows no traces of either the fifth or sixth legs.
men is small and contains but a single joint, instead of the two found
in
Pandarus males.
It
has therefore been placed under the genus Perissopus awaiting
further evidence.
FROCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
452
NOGAGUS ERRANS
Noijagus errans
Kroyer,
18G3, p. 173, pi. x,
vol. xxxiii.
Kroyer.
fig.
3 a to
/?.
This species is based upon a single specimen captured in a tow-net

wliile swimming freely at the surface in the Atlantic Ocean near Porto
Santo. At the close of his description Kroyer states: "It is clear
that this animal, in spite of its four free thorax segments, differs significantly from Nogagus forms in the shape of the rostrum, the presence of a furca, the rudimentary condition of the endopod of the first
Conse(|uently
legs, and the absence of this ramus in the fourth legs.
it forms a connecting link with the Caliginge, but does not belong to
any of the established genera in that group, as far as I can see.
It would therefore be justifiable to make of it a new genus, but I
am not so inclined on account of the scarcity of material (only one specimen), and so will leave it for the present under Nogagus." This
species evidently belongs to the Euryphorinx instead of the Pandarinse, and is closely related to Dysgamus, Euryphorus, and especially
new genus, Dissonus, recently established by the present

author upon material obtained from Ceylon.'^ It certainly does not
belong to any of the Nognus types here established, and consec|uently
should not, even temporarily, find shelter in the much-abused genus
" Nogagus."
to the
DINEMATURA GRACILIS
(Nogaus male) Burmeister.
Dincvintura gracilis Burmeister, 1833, p. 284, pi. xxiii,
Nogagus
gracilis
Milne Edwards,
fig. 1.
1840, p. 400.
This species was first described b}" Burmeister under the name
Dinematura, in the belief that it was a male of that genus. Milne
Edwards changed the name to Nogagus, but without giving any
reasons for so doing, and without adding anything in the way of
their large work on the WirFrey and Leuckart,
description.
belloser Thiere, published in 1847, examined other specimens of this
species and say of them (p. 166), that they could only find two segments in the abdomen instead of three as reported by Burmeister.
The terminal segment showêd a median posterior incision, and appeared to be made up, through the contraction of the basal joints of a
pair of legs metamorphosed into swimming lappets; each of the
The posterior
latter was armed with four seise instead of three.
lobes of the carapace were longer and narrower than in Burmeis-ter's
specimen, and overlapped the followîng segment, whose lateral lobes
were only feebly developed. At the close of his description Burmeister declares that he has but a single specimen, taken from a
Squalus acanthias. And he can not, therefore, affirm with certainty
aHeport
Report,
to the
Government
XXXIV,
p. 198, pi.
of
iii.
Ceylon on the Pearl-Oyster Fisheries, Supplementary
PARASITIC COPEPODSWILSON.
NO. 1573.
that
it is
new
species, since the
female
is
unknown.
453
In his descrip-
tion he has mistaken the large glands connected with the double
frontal filament for eyes; he also speaks of
two "braune Knopf chen"
situated farther back on the dorsal surface of the carapace.
He
swimming legs,
the number of spines and
gives but a single figure for the last three pairs of
which he declares are just alike, even to

If this be true, the
setiP borne on the different joints of the rami.
species can not possildy be a Dinematura, since in that genus the
male, like the female, has the rami of the second and third legs
In Echthrogaleus also the exopods of these legs are
three-jointed.
three-jointed, while the endopods are two-jointed.
On the other hand, Burmeister's species can not be a Nesippus or
Perissopus male, because the rami of the fourth legs and the abdomen
in those genera have each but a single joint.
Furthermore the statement of Beneden (1892 a, p. 220) that Burmeister's Dinematura gracilis and Leach's Panda rus carcliarix are the
male and female of the same species is obviously wrong.
For Dinematura gracilis lacks the accessory lobes on the posterior
margin of the carapace, there are no legs visible on the genital segment, and while the abdomen is two-jointed the joints are very
une({ual.
In Gangliopus the rami of the fourth legs are one-jointed,
and the abdomen is like that of Pandarus, two-jointed with the joints
equal.
This leaves us the single genus Demoleus amongst those
whose males are known, and to this we find the present species corresponding in every particular except size.
But here the discrepancy
is
a serious one, for Burmeister's species
is
only half the size of the other males of the genus.

There is also the possibility that Burmeister did not examine the
second and third legs very closely; indeed his statement that they are
even in the number of spines and set*, would

imply as much, for no Nogaus male has yet been discovered of which
this would be true.
If he did not examine them closely, or if his specimen was immature
and the segmentation not fully com])leted, then there is an agreement
in every particular, even size, with the males of the genus Dinematura,
and Burmeister located his species correctly.
His specimen was a little over 6 mm. in length; the adult males of
just like the fourth pair,
Dinem,atura are 8 or
mm. long.
It is, of course, impossilde to decide definitely in such a case, since
the very data essential to a decision are lacking, but the presumj^tion
seems to be in favor of the latter proposition.
NOGAGUS GRANDIS
Nogagiis grandis
Probably a male Demoleus
18(J1, p.
(see p. 349).
:1S(),
pi. x, fig. 19.
454
DINEMATURA HAMILTONI
Dinematura
hainiltoni
Thomson,
This species described by

their
tity.
1889, p. 357, pi.
Thomson
vol. xxxni.
xxv,
figs. 1
in 1889 incKided
a to
j.
both sexes, and
anatomy conforms so closely as to leave no doubt of their idenThe male also corresponds in every detail given with the t3^pe
here established for the genus Dinematura, and

accepted as originally published.
NOGAUS LATREILLII
N'ogajis lalrciUU
Leach,
1819, p.
Norman,
therefore be
Leach.
(see p. 405).
this species see
NOGAGUS LUETKENI
luetkeni
may
53(5.
The male of Pandarus cranchii

Kroyer claims to be the female of
Nogagus
it
For the form which

page 442.
Norman.
1869, p. 300.
This species was described briefly in the Shetland Final Dredging

Report, in 1869, by the Rev. Canon A. M. Norman, and was apparently based upon a single specimen obtained from a skate.
Its carapace was orbicular with large and incurved posterior lobes;
the genital segment enlarged, longer than broad, and without rudimentar^r legs; abdomen two-jointed, the joints unequal; anal laminae
and armed with large setae. But as absolutely nothing is said

with reference to the size of the creature, or to the structure of the
large
swimming
legs, it is
impossible to locate
NOGAGUS LUNATUS
Nogagus
liinatus
it
definitely.
1861, p. 389, pi. ix,
fig.
17.
The above-named authors give the following for this species:

"Two specimens were taken by Captain Hygom on the same voyage
and in the same latitade and longitude as Eclithrogaleus coleoptratus,
and so probably together with them. Whether they are possibly the
males of that species we do not venture even a conjecture." In this
new genus
Luetkenia in 1864, says there is the same difference between the sexes
in the posterior part of the body as there is between Echthrogaleus
coleoptratus, Guerin and Nogagus lunatus, Steenstrup and Lutken, and
ventures the conjecture that these latter are the two sexes of the same
respect they are wiser than Claus, who, in describing his
species.
Two things
are very evident here, first, that the host of this Nogagus
not known, and it is therefore conjectural whether it came
from the same fish as the Echthrogaleus or from a different one. In
the second place there was evidently not enough agreement in the
anatomy of the two forms to warrant even a conjecture on the part of
the original describers as to their relationship. This indicates that
lunatus
is
NO. 1573.
they are not likely to be the two sexes of the same species, and
that their anatomy confirms such a conclusion.
455
we find
grooving of the carapace in the Nogaus form is

in the female of Echthrogaleus coleoptratus,
and also from that of such of the males of this genus as are known.
Tlie fourth and genital segments are also very dift'erent from those in
The second and
Echthrogaleus males in their relative size and shape.
third legs have only two joints in the exopods, while the rami of the
fourth legs are one-jointed. The second maxillipeds are much
swollen and are armed wdth short curved claws and corrugated 'knobs.
In all these particulars and in its size the species corresponds closely
with Nogagus cselehs and Nogagus elongatus, and may therefore be temporarily assigned a j)lace in the genus Perissopus instead of Echthro-
The shape
of the
radically different
from that
galeus.
NOGAGUS MURRAYI
Nogagus murrnyi Brady, 1883,
Brady.
p. 136, pi. lv, fig. 1.
Brady's description in the Report on the Copepoda of the Challenger

Expedition is as follows:
mm.
much longer than broad and nearly twice as

margin rounded, lateral margins somewhat sinuous, posterior angles moderately produced backward and rounded off.
First abdominal (genital) segment about as long as broad, margins round; angles not at all produced nor
acute.
Two posterior abdominal segments much broader than long, the last pentagonal
in shape, and produced backwards between the caudal lamellte into two obtuse points;
caudal lamellse about as broad as long, sulxjuadrate, each bearing four finely plumose
Length, 4
long as
tlie
Cephalolliorax ovate,
abdomen;
frontal
setse.
Taken
open sea off Rio de Janeiro, and in the North Atlantic (about lat. 25 N.),
Very similar to Nogagus errans Kroyer, which, however, differs
decidedly in the shape of the last abdominal and two posterior thoracic segments.
in the
April 28, 29,
187(5.
In the figure which accompanies this description and which is

(?) seen from below," only two pairs of legs
are shown, the third and fourth pairs, in both of which the rami are
represented as one-jointed.
No adhesion pads are shown at the
bases of either pair of antennse, nor anywhere else on the ventral
surface.
The mouth-tube is short, broad, and well rounded at the
tip, and there is a very well-defined furca on the mid-line between
the bases of the second maxillipeds.
These last details, if reliable, prove that the copepod is not a
Nogaus at all, hut one of the Euryphorina^, resembling, perhaps, the
genus Dysgatnus more tlian any of the others.
labeled "Adult female
456
PANDARUS MUSTELI-LiEVIS
Pandarus
musteli-lsevis
Hesse,
vol.
xxxm.
(Nogaus male) Hesse.
1883, p. 23, pi. vi,
figs.
6-8, 14, 18,
and
21-23.
This Nogaus form is another of Hesse's fabrications, his new species

being founded on a single male and a young female.
Enough data can not be obtained from Plesse's text and figures to
determine where this species belongs; the figures he presents are
wretched, badly confused, and highly contradictory, while the text
gives none of those data which are essential in accurate systematization.
In fig. 6, which is a dorsal view of the male, the second legs
are each uniramose and one-jointed; in fig. 7, which is a ventral
view of the same specimen, the second legs are each biramose, the
rami of the left one being one-jointed, while the right one has a twoThe first legs are
jointed exopod and a three-jointed endopod.
similar to those described for his Nogagus spinacii-achantias (see p.
and are radically different from anything ever seen. The rami
458),
view are one-jointed, while in

in dorsal view is
two-jointed, the terminal joint extending out over the bases of the
anal lamina? in two broad, rounded lobes; in ventral view it is threejointed, the terminal joint triangular and contracted nearly to a point
between the anal lamintTB. The species as it stands, therefore, can
not be located anywhere with even reasonable probability.
of the fourth legs as seen in dorsal
ventral view they are two-jointed.
The abdomen
DINEMATURA MUSTELI-L^VIS
Dinemoura
musteli-lsevis
Hesse,
1880, p.
5, pi.

i,
Probably belongs to the genus Demoleus
DINEMATURA NEOZEALANICA
Dinematura neozealaniea Thomson, 1889,
figs.
1-16.
(see p. 386).
p. 359, pi.
xxv,
fig. 2.
Thomson here described both sexes of a new species which he

placed in the genus Dinematura; they agree so fully in their anatomical details as to leave no doubt of their identity.
But as Bassett-Smith pointed out in 1899 they belong to the
genus EcMhrogaleus rather than Dinematura. The male (and incidentally the female also) corresponds in every essential detail with
the types established for the genus EcMhrogaleus, and thus the
species will stand as the New Zealand representative of that genus,,
o
and
The
by Hesse were numbered incorrectly (see

be interchanged, as also figs. 17 and 23.
figures as published
6 should
p. 396); figs. 4
NO. 1573.
NESIPPUS ORIENTALIS
Nesippus
orientalis
Heller,
After establishing his
1865, p. 194,
iNogaus male)
jil.
457
Heller.
xviii, figs. 2, 3.
new genus Nesippus
in 1865, Heller describes
two species, orientalis and crypturus.

For the first of these, which would become the type of the new
genus, he presents the female and a form which he claims to be the
male, and gives admirable descriptions and figures of each.
But the "male" difl'ers from the female only in being smaller, in
having a sharp terminal claw on the second maxillipeds, longer
plumose setae on the swimming legs, and in the abdomen being
If the figure of the young female of the
species alatus given in the present paper (Plate XXXIV, fig. 205) be
compared with that of the adidt female (fig. 194), exactly the same
differences will be fomid, wliile the true male (fig. 206) has a very different carapace, and the second and third thorax segments are free instead of being fused as in the young female (see p. 429). This "male"
of Heller's therefore was almost certainly a yoiing female similar to
those repeatedly found by the present author in company with the
adults of alatus.
CALIGUS PARADOXUS
(Nogaus male) Otto,
Caligus paradoxus Otto, 1828, p. 352, pi. xxir,
The male
of
Demoleus paradoxus
ligs. 5, 6.
(see p. 349).
ECHTHROGALEUS PERSPICAX
(Nogaus male) Olsson.
Echthrogaleus perspicax Olsson, 1869, p. 18, pi.
The
i,
figs. 6, 7.
description and figures of this species are found to correspond
in every particular with those of the other
males of the genus, and

the species will therefore stand as originally described.
NOGAGUS PRODUCTUS
Nogagus productus Gerstaecker, 1853,
Gerstaecker-
p. 63, pi. iv, figs. 1-10.
This proves to be a female Dinematura, Gerstaecker wrongly substituting the name Nogagus on the ground of priority (see p. 441).
NOGAGUS SOCIALIS
Nogagus
socialis
Olsson, 1869,
Found on the body
p. 16, pi.
i,
Olsson,
fig. 5.
of Acanthias vulgaris in the
Sea of Skagerrack,
together with both sexes of Echthrogaleus perspicax.
From the excellent description and figures given by Olsson we find
that the carapace is elliptical with narrow posterior lobes the genital
segment is not enlarged; one pair of legs are visible at its posterior
;
corners; the
abdomen
is
one-jointed, with small anal lanfinge; the

458
vol. xxxiii.
second maxillipeds have a short, curved claw and corrugated knobs;

the rami of the first three pairs of legs are two-jointed, of the fourth
pair one-jointed.
This locates the species in the genus Perissopus, and on comparing

with Heller's Nogagus cselehs and Nogagus elongatus, the three are
seen to be so nearly alike that it even seems prol)able they are but
it
same species. At
the same genus.
variations of the
related forms of
all
events they are very closely
NOGAGUS SPINACII-ACHANTIAS
Hesse.
Nogagus spinacii-achantias Hesse, 1883, p. 1, pi. iv, figs. 1-7.

Pandarvs spinacii-achantias Hesse, 1883, p. 10, pi. vi, fig. 9.
This species was described as a female by Ilesse, and was based

several specimens obtained from the head of a Spinax achantias;
upon
the male was said to be unknown. We have already given Hesse's

reason for considering these specimens females (see p. 335). There
can be no doubt that they are really males, but almost no dependence
can be placed upon the figures and description given by Hesse.
For example, in the dorsal view the second legs have a three-jointed
exopod, while the endopod is not visible; in an enlarged figure of

the same legs they are represented with a three-jointed endopod and
a two-jointed exopod, while in the ventral view both rami are disThe text says nothing whatever about these
tinctly two-jointed.
legs.
In the face of these and many other similar discrepancies it would

seem almost hopeless to attempt to locate the species.
But Hesse is at least consistent, and after a time we can learn
what to expect and can make rational allowances.
A comparison of the figures and description he has given of the
present species and of a new Pandarus, found upon the same fish,
and named similarly Pandarus spinacii achantias, leaves not much
doubt that they are the male and female of the same species.
First the relative sizes are correct, 5 or 6 mm. for the Nogaus and
6 or 7
mm.
for the Pandaihis.
In the second place, the new Pandarus is evidentl}" located correctly, as is sliown by the number and arrangement of the dorsal
plates and by the appendages.
Hesse, however, gives it but three
pairs of
he
swimming
legs,
describing in place of the
first
pair
what
calls
Appareil de fixation, qui est place transversalement a la base du bouclier cephalique

un tige qui emet, de chaque cote, des appendices recourbes ainsi
que de petits crocs, destines a sasir et accrocher les objets et est termine par une
longue griffe qui contourne une ventouse cupuliforme placee a I'extremite externe
du bouclier cephalothoracique.
et represente par
NO. 1573.
459
known
species of Pandarus has any sucli a prehensile

nor is there any genus of Crustacea in which the
fu'st legs have disappeared, leaving the other tlu'ee present and
If this structure be as Hesse has represented it,
fully developed.
But
his specimens will have to be made the t}ês of a new geims.
again he is consistent, for, in speaking of the new Nogaus, after
describing the second maxillipeds which he calls the "third thoracic
None
of the
apparatus as
feet,"
this,
he says:
Au-dessous de celles-ci on apercoit, placee horizontaleinent, line patte tres etroile

au bouclier cephalique et terminee a son extremite par deux
petits articles, dont le dernier est recourbe en forme de griffe.
fixee par son centre
This evidently corresponds to the fixation apparatus of the female
and makes the analogy between the appendages just what woidd
be expected in the two sexes of a species.
Finally the general make-up of the body in this Nogaus is similar
There is the same broad carapace
to that in the Pandarus males.
with what are evidently accessory posterior lobes, partially concealing the second segment; a considerably enlarged genital segment
with large posterior processes, and a two-jointed abdomen with good
There is thus considerable probability that we
sized anal laminne.
have here the two sexes of a species of Pandarus: whether it is a
new
species can not be determined without further data.

Hesse begins his description of the Pandarus species with the
words "Male inconnu" (p. 10), but further along (p. 15), and in
^his figures (Plate VI, fig. 9) he has presented what he calls a "jeune
male ( ?)." If this were really a young male of the species in question,
But no details
it ought to correspond with other Pandarus males.
9,re given in the text, and those to be deduced from the figure are
decidedly against the probability that the creature belongs to the
genus Pandarus.
NOGAGUS TENAX,
Nogagus tenax Steenstrup and LDtken, 1861,
p. 388, pi. x, fig. 20.
This species was described by the above authors as follows: It

outwardly resembles Nogagus horealis, but is smaller (6 nun. long),
and less elongate; eyes distinct and near the anterior border. First
free thorax segment broadly quadrangular with wide lateral lobes;
the second one smaller and somewhat six-sided; the third the
smallest and broadly eight-sided.
Genital segment not much longer than wide, the posterior corners
projecting slightly and armed with spines.
Abdomen triangular
and bearing triangular anal laminae. Second maxillipeds sometimes showing an end claw and sometimes a forceps structure like
460
that in Pandarus.
Rami
vol.
xxxm.
of fourth legs one-jointed, of all the others
two-jointed.
They
known
IMilne Edwards, as a synonym

probable when it becomes better
be found identical with tenax. They then add in
give Nogagus hrevicaudatus
of this species
it
will
and say that
it
is
closing
Since N. tenax
is
smaller than N. borealis, and
would seem probable that it

described by us, D. latifolia.
it
is found fartli(>r south in the Atlantic,

the male of the smaller and more southern Dinematura
Still this is nothing more than a conjecture.
is
has already been shown in the present ])aper (see p. 449) that
it probable that it is a
Nesipjms male rather than one of the genus Dinematura.
Moreover, there will be found described on page 386 the true male
of Dinematura latifolia which is very different from the two species
here mentioned.
Nogagus tenax therefore is probably a Nesippus
male, and so far as can be seen is identical with the one described
on page 429 as the male of Nesippus alatus. There are slight differences in the angularity of the thoracic segments of tenax and the
rounded outlines of alatus, but Steenstrup and Ltitken's material had
been in alcohol a long time, while the drawings in the present paper
It
the morphologA^ of Nogagus horealis renders
were made from living males.

Furthermore, this same species (tenax) has been reported by S. I.
Smith upon Atwood's shark (Carcharias atiroodi) in Vine^ârd Sound.
It was found in company with " Nogagus latreillii," a species of Pandarus, and Echthrogaleus denticulatus
Smith recognized that it was
very different from N. latreillii and probably belonged to a different^
genus. He suggested Echthrogaleus, but the structure of the second
and third legs prohibits this. No specimens of Nesippus alatus
females have yet been obtained from Atwood's shark, but they are
so common in Vineyard Sound on other sharks that the presence of
a free swimming male on this particular species can be readilj^
.
understood.
Again tenax
is
represented with small sharp spines near the pos-
segment; similar specimens have been

found among the males of alatus, but the outlines given in fig. 206 are
more common. In all other particulars the two are practically
identical, and accordingly Nogagus tenax has been given as a synonym
under Nesippus alatus (see p. 426).
terior corners of the genital
PANDARUS UNICOLOR
Pandarus unicolor Hesse, 1883,
p. 20, pi. vi,
fig. 5.
This species was described in the same paper with Pandarus
and Nogagus spinacii-achantias and in a similar manner.

in the appendages of the male are similar to those
enumerated for the other species, but here the swimming legs are
musteli-lsevis
The discrepancies
,
,
NO. 1573.
all
461
represented with rami having but a single joint. This species,

can not be located with any reasonable
therefore, like the others,
probability.
NOGAGUS VALIDUS
Nogagus validus Dana, 1852,
The male
of
p. 1863,
i>l.
Pandarus hrevicaudis
Part
xciv,
Dana.
figs.
9a to
h.
(see p. 398).
4.^THE CECROPINÊ.
ECOLOGY.
This new subfamily is made to include at the present time four

genera which closely agree with each other in habits and morphology, and which differ very markedly from the genera included in
As the latter were shark parasites, so the present
the PandariiiiB.
said
genera may be
to belong to the family of Head-fishes or Sunfish
(Molida>),
although they are occasionally found on other
of the genera are so closely confined to the

goriscus, or
common
fish.
Two
Sunfish (Orthra-
Mola, mola) that they have been given generic names
derived from that of their host, Orthagoriscicola and Philorthragoriscus

respectively.
A third genus, Cecroys, makes the sunfish its chief host, but has
been found also on species of Diodon, Tliynnus, and Pleuronectes
while the fourth genus, Luetkenia, lives upon Asterodermus Luvarus
and several shark species.
These pasasites are more gregarious than the Pandarinte and are
found in bunches of fifteen to thirty or more, attached to the outside
The combined laceration of their claws
skin and gills of the fish.
often produces a large pit or sore, in the bottom of which they cling
This peculiarity has been noted by A. Scott (1892, p. 266),
tightly.
who describes Ortliagoriscicola as burrowîng in pits formed in the
Nothing of this sort is found
flesh of the fish behind the anal fin.
among the Pandarinse for two reasons first, they do not collect in
such numbers, and then they cling partly- if not chiefly by means of
their adhesion pads.
Hence when several of them do get together,
as often happens on a shark's fin, there is very little laceration and
no bunch or sore is formed.
Not only the females of the present subfamily, but the males as
well remain fixed in one position upon their host, and both sexes are
incapable of swimming. As already noted (see p. 327), this constitutes
,
the last step in degeneration as exhibited in the Caligidge.

The
female became a fixed form in one of the Caliginne (Echetus), in several of the Euryphorinse, and in all the Pandarinse, but the progress
of degeneration was very slow, and the swimming legs were retained
in their normal form and armed with plumose setae through all the
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSFAJM.
462
vol.
xxxm.
and Euryphorinas. But in the Pancfarinse the fourth legs

become transformed into lamellae and lose their swimming setae, the
abdomen at the same time being transferred to the ventral surface
While the female has been thus gradually
yielding to degenerative influences, the male has successfully resisted
them, and even in the Nogaus form characteristic of the Pandarinse
there has been no loss in morphological details or functional activity.
Wlien the male at last yields, however, the change is not only abrupt,
Caliginse
but
reaching; the intervening stages are passed over

changes directly from a condition as active and agile
as that of Caligus into one more degenerate than that of any female
among the Pandarinte. The fourth legs are enlarged into enormous
lamelhie, the third legs are as degenerate as the fourth pair in the
Pandarinse, and there is not a plumose seta to be seen on any one of
The abdomen also has been parthe four pairs in Orthagoriscicola.
tially transferred to the ventral surface of the genital segment, and
there has been a fusion of the frontal plates with the carapace.
In
short, although the male retains to the full its structure and functions
until the female has become thoroughly degenerate, yet the first
change in the male makes it as degenerate as the female with which
it is associated, and there are no intermediate stages.
This abrupt transition and the consequent degenerate character
of the male forms one of the chief characteristics of the subfamily,
and of itself is sufficient to distinguish the members of this subfamily
is
also
far
entirely
and
from
the other Caligidse.
all
it
The only locomotion possible to either sex is such as can be accomplished by loosening one set of prehensile organs and obtaining a
new hold by stretching the body, while still keeping a second set
When once placed, with the second antennse

securely fastened.
buried in the flesh of the host, it is probable that the female does not
The male is usually found
subsequenth'^ change her position.
attached to the female, the front margin of its carapace burrowed
beneath the apron of her third swimming legs, and its second antennse
And when he has once
clasped around her fourth thorax segment.
gained this position the male probably does not change it during life.
The organs of prehension are similar to those in the Pandarinse.
The chief hold is maintained by the second antennse, which are buried
for their entire length in the skin and underlying flesh of their host.
During life the body of the copepod frequently trails ofi" in the water,with no attachment to the host except these antennae, which gives it
the appearance of being fastened by a frontal filament.
Usually, however, the antennae are reenforced by the second maxThe latter are similar to those in the
illipeds and the adhesion pads.
Pandarinae, but there are two of them behind each first antenna,
while there
is
none on the base of the second
pair.
NO. 1573.
463
Neither these nor the ones on the bases of the swimniini!; k'<;s seem
formed and efficient as those of the preceding subfamily,
and they are evidently not of much service in prehension.
The attachment of the parasite to its host being thus accomplished
entirely by means of stout claws buried in the fish's flesh, it follows
that there can be no loosening of the hold after the death of the lish.
These parasites certainly never drop ofi' into the boat or anywhere
Both
else, as was claimed for the genera in the preceding subfamily.
the antennae and the maxillipeds are set so firmly in position that
as well
they can not be loosened without breaking them. And even after
the death of the parasite it is usually necessary to cut around these
appendages if one would remove the animal entire.
On being placed in an acpiarium they are more helpless than the
Pandarina?, and l)oth sexes can only lie in the place where they are
put, with an occasional weak and spasmodic movement of the swimming legs. Hence they can be kept alive only a very short time,
shorter even than in the case of the Pandarina^.
Although they resemble the preceding subfannly in that the carais not arched and converted into a disk to retain moisture after
the skin of the host may have dried, yet they are kept alive by
another means for quite a period. It has already been noted that
they are gregarious and gather together in colonies, whose combined
lacerations form a deep pit extending through the skin and into the
flesh of the host.
Such a pit does not dry as quickly as other portions of the surface of the host's body, and the parasites, being fastened in its very bottom, are not only protected from abrasion, but
are also kept moist long after the fish's skin has become dry and
pace
parched.
In this
in
way they may sometimes be
fountl alive
on sunfish brought
by the fishermen.
MORPHOLOGY.
The chief dift'erences in the morphological details of the present
subfamily are such as result from a further degeneration in consequence of the fixed position of both sexes, and they are clearly brought
out in the diagnosis which follows.
ONTOGENY.
The development of this subfamily has never been observed, but
must be similar to that of the Pandarina"., if we may judge from
the size, shape, and coloration of the eggs and from the chalimus of
it
on page 476.
broad and ribbon-like frontal filaments exactly like those on the chalimus of Perissopus. In this case,
also, it was the male which was thus found, indicating that the two
sexes mature at different periods.
OrtJiagoriscicola, described
We
find in the latter a pair of
464
vol xxxiii.
Hesse, in the thirty-seventh article of his series entitled Crustaces

makes the following statements in regard to the issuing nauplius of Cecrops:
rares ou nouveaiix des Cotes de France'*
The
the
on issuing from the egg, are furnished with three pairs

simple and the two others biramose (p. 348).
latter,
first is
Further along he says, while comparing Cecrops with
of legs, of
^'
which
Lsemargus:"
In Cecrops the two sexes, and even the young, are very remarkable for the two
prolongations, lamellar and rounded, which precede the frontal margin of the caraAlso for the lack of eyes in the adult and esiêcially in the embryos. (P. 356).
pace.
He
adds in a footnote at the bottom of the page:
This exception, which, I believe, is unique in its kind, is, moreover, the more inexplicable because if these organs are indispensable in the adults, they are of still greater
use to the young, which have to search for a position in which they can be sheltered
from dangers, and where they can jjrocure the food necessary to their existence.
Whether
be true, as Hesse states, that these nauplii have no

by other investigators. In view of the
serious mistakes which he has made in the same paper, it can not
be accepted on his authority alone. It is unfortunate that he is
apparently the only one who has ever seen these nauplii.
it
eyes remains to be proved
SiabfaiTiily
CE:CR.0PIN"JE.
The first thorax segment fused with the head, the second and third
segments more or less fused inter se the fourth segment with a pair
of dorsal plates in both sexes, overlapping the genital segment.
Sexes
very similar.
Female. -Carapace orbicular and strongly arched frontal plates
more or less completely fused with the carapace and not distinct;
grooving similar to that in the Pandarinse. Three free thorax segments, the first two of which are usually fused and furnished with a
single pair each of dorsal plates and lateral lobes; the third segment
carries a pair of enlarged dorsal plates, which cover the anterior
jDortion of the genital segment.
The latter is as large as or considerably larger than the carapace
and furnished with a pair of dorsal plates which entirely cover this
segment, as well as the abdomen.
Abdomen one-jointed, with large anal laminae armed with spines
instead of setse; abdomen sometimes with broad wings extending to
the lateral margins of the genital segment, in which case the eggstrings are concealed between these wings and the ventral surface
of the genital segment {Orthagoriscicola and Cecrops) sometimes
without wings, in which case the egg-strings are long, straight, and
visible like those of the Pandarinae {Philorthragoriscus and LuetJcenia)
;
First antennae usually two-jointed, rarely three-jointed {Orthagoriscicola); second maxillipeds with terminal claws.
All the legs biramose, rami of first three pairs two-jointed, of fourth pair one-jointed
and usually enlarged into broad lamellae, armed only with spines.
"Ann.
des. Sci. Nat. (7), V.
PARASITIC COFEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
465
A fixed form like that of .tlie female and incapable of locoMale.

motion; carapace and thorax segments similar to those of the female,
Genthe dorsal plates of the fourth segment being reduced in size.
ital segment also much smaller, with the abdomen partially visible
beyond its posterior margin; abdomen without wings in all the
Second antenmie and second maxillipeds with stout prehengenera.
sile claws; all the feet biramose, rami as in the female, except that
those of the fourth pair are not much enlarged in any genus but
Orthagoriscicola; rami of first three pairs with plumose setae in Philorthragoriscus and Luetkenia, the fourth pair and all the rami in
other genera without them.
Chalimus attached by two broad ribbon-like frontal iilaments very
,
short and parallel.
KEY TO THE GENERA.

of medium size, covering quite a portion of the genh.
segment; the latter as large as the carapace or much larger
a, Males, third dorsal plates small, overlapping the genital segment Init little; the
e.
latter much smaller than the carapace
b, Abdomen with broad wings between which and the genital segment the long
egg-strings are entirely concealed; genital segment much larger than the
a,
Females, third dorsal plates
ital
carapace
b,
Abdomen without
ment a
c,
little
wings; egg-strings long and entirely visible; genital seg-
smaller than the carapace
d.
First antennae two-jointed, not prominent; second antennae hidden; posterior
border of carapace deeply concave; margin of carapace and dorsal plates

Cecrops Leach, 1816, p. 466.
First antennae three-jointed, prominent; second pair projecting beyond the
smooth
c.
carapace margin; posterior border of carapace slightly concave; margin of carapace and dorsal plates coarsely toothed ... Orf/âgfomaVo/a Poche, 1902, p. 472.
d, Margins of the carapace and dorsal plates finely toothed; third dorsal plates
covering three-fifths of the genital segment; rami of first swimming legs
Philorlhragoriscus Horst, 1897, p. 478.
normally developed
d, Margins of carapace and dorsal plates smooth; third plates scarcely overlapping the genital segment; endopod of first legs very rudimentary (male)
or entirely lacking (female)
e.
e,
Luetkenia Claus, 1864, p. 464.
Third dorsal plates relatively as large as in the female; grooving of the carapace
nearly invisilile; abdomen almost or cûite concealed
/.
Third dorsal plates very much reduced groovingof the carapace distinct; abdo;
men
largely visible
(j-
antennae two-jointed; second and third thorax segments fused inter

se and furnished with a pair of broad lateral plates, concealed beneath the
f, First
Cecrops Leach, 1816, p. 466.

abdomen also entirely concealed
antennae three-jointed; second and third thorax segments distinct
and entirely visible, without plates; abdomen partly visilile; margins of
carapace;
/, First
plates on fourth
and genital segments coarsely toothed.

Orthagoriscicola Poche, 1902, p. 472.
Second antennae much enlarged and projecting beyond the carapace; first dorsal plates large; genital segment with large spines at the posterior corners; first
swimming legs normally developed
Philorthragoriscus Horst, 1897, p. 478.
g, Second antennae smaller and concealed; all the dorsal plates very small; genital segment with smoothly rounded posterior corners; endopod of first swimg,
ming
Luetkenia Claus, 1864, p. 464.
legs scarcely visible
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii07
30
466
vol. xxxiii.
SYSTEMATIC DISCUSSION.
.
Cecrops (C.
Female.
latreillii)
Genus
Leach,
CECROPS
181(5,
j).
Leach.
405, pi. xx, 8 figures.
Carapace oval, stout, strongly arched, and deeply notched
posteriorly; frontal plates fused with the carapace; cephalic

racic portions of the lateral areas separated
Second thorax segment with large
by
and tho-
a transverse groove.
lateral lobes; third
segment with
a pair of small dorsal plates; fourth segment with a pair of larger
segment small, but carrying a pair of dorsal plates

and extending back beyond the tips of the
anal laminje, forming the dorsal half of the bag in which the eggs are
carried.
Abdomen ventral and as large as the genital segment in
plates; genital
larger than the carapace,
front of its base, strongly flattened dorso-ventrally

face produced laterally
and anteriorly into large
its
lobes,
ventral sur-
forming the
ventral surface of the egg bag.
Egg-strings very narrow, twenty or thirty times the length of the

body, irregularly convoluted and entirely hidden in the above-mentioned bag.
First antenna^ two-jointed; second pair and second maxillipeds stout and furnished with strong curved claws for prehension.
Maxillae huge, club-shaped, two-jointed, the terminal joint covered
with small spines. Legs all biramose, rami of first three pairs twojointed, of fourth pair one-jointed and enlarged into flattened laminae
with a large fold of skin on the ventral surface.
Male.
A fixed and degenerate form, similar in all respects to the
female, except as follows: Genital segment without dorsal plates, but
covered by those of the fourth segment, which also reach nearly to
the end of the abdomen.
The latter is phmip, not flattened, twice
as wide as long, and without lateral lobes; anal laminae close together, armed with good-sized setae.
Fourth legs but little enlarged, rami one-jointed, but without the
ventral fold of skin; plumose setae on the first three pairs of legs
less rudimentary than in the female.
{Cecrops, the fabulous first king of Athens.)
This genus was established by Leach in 1816, who gave a fairly
good description of the female with figures of both sexes. The figures
In the
are good for their time, but are too small to give details.
ninety years since the above date the genus with its single species
has been noted by nearly every investigator who has dealt with the
But only in a very few instances have any figures
parasitic copepods.
been given. Guerin published a single figure, the dorsal view of a
female, in 1817; Desmarest in 1825 published a set of figures almost
exactly like those of Leach, but in which the details are more clearly
shown. Latreille gave similar figures in 1835, and Baird a single
N0.1W3.
467
dorsal view of the female in 1850.

Hoeven in 1857 published a paper
on Cecrops and '^Lxrnargus/' which contains the only reall}" .ôod
figures that have ever appeared; but even these show many mistakes
and imperfections.
In 1883 Ilesse presented what he claimed was a new species of
Cecrops, and which he named C. achantii-vulgaris.
The name is certainly wrong for the shark genus on which Hesse's specimens were
found is AcantJiias (from aKavdiag) and not Achantius, and even if
Latinized the genitive would not be spelled as Hesse has given it.
Furthermore, this so-called species is based upon a single female specimen, which, from Hesse's description and the little that can be learned
with certainty from his figures, can not possibly belong to the genus
Cecrops.
He
has represented the
first
three thorax segments fused with the
carapace; neither the genital segment nor the

tioned in the text, nor can they be
The swimming
legs also are
made out
abdomen
are
men-
in the figures.
not mentioned in the text, and even
a chirographic expert could not decipher them in tile figures.

And finally, the second maxillipeds with their "thumb" in the
form of a peduncled ball, shutting down into a cavity, are entirely
The size of Hesse's specimen, 6 mm. in

had no egg-strmgs, and the general appearance
of the body, suggest that it is probably a very young female.
But its
true location must be left f jr future investigation; all we can decide
at present is that the species, as Hesse has described and figured it,
unlike those of Cecrops.
length, the fact that
it
does not belong in the genus Cecrops.

Five years later, in 1SS8, Hesse published his thirty-seventh paper
on New antl Rare Crustacea of the Coast of France, which is entirely
concerned with these two genera, Cecrops and " Lsemargus."
The paper
is
profusely illustrated, but not a single one of the 25
representing Cecrops latreUlii is correct, and

which show the entire animal are wretchedly confused.
of them
compared
with similar views given by the other authors mentioned, it would
never be guessed that they were intended to represent the same animal. The third legs of the female, visible for the entire width of the
body m dorsal view, the "plaque" (really the dorsal plates of the
fourth segment) with its wonderful design of the cross and crown, and
the two large lobes of the genital segment, "whose margins are rolled
up in the form of a volute," are especially bizarre.
figures
In the following year, 1889,

in his Parasitic
Copepods
of
all
If
Thomson gave
New
several figures of Cecrops

Zealand, the most valuable of them
being enlarged views of the four pairs of swimming legs. There are
thus three sets of figures, those originally given by Leach, the excellent ones by Hoeven, and these by Thomson, which rej^resent all
that IS known of the genus up to date.
It is hoped that the figures

468
here
shown may supply many
vol. xxxiii.
of the missing details, particularly
with
reference to the structure of the abdomen, the formation of the case

or bag in which the eggs are carried, and the details of the antennae,
mouth
mouth
tube,
parts,
and maxillipeds.
CECROPS LATREILLII
XXXVIII
Plates
Cecrops
pis.
.latreillii
Ill,
IV.
Leach,
and
XXXIX.
1816, p. 405, pi. xx,
Thomson,
Leach.
figs. 1
1889, p. 362, pi. xxvi,
to
figs.
5.Hceven,
1857, p. 67,
3 a to/.
Female. Carapace oval, as wide as long, witli a prominent frontal

margin and a deep triangular posterior sinus. Frontal plates almost
entirely fused with the carapace, separated by a wide and deep median
On the lateral margins just behind the frontal plates is a wellsinus.
defined notch on either side, in the base of which the first antennae
Another notch a little farther back on the lateral
are attached.
margins is caused by the transverse groove which separates the cepha-
This groove is
lic from the thoracic portion of -the lateral areas.
situated far forward, and in consequence the cephalic portion in front
of it is small and triangular, while the thoracic portion behind it is
nearly four times as large and trapezoidal in form. The second and
third thorax segments are fused together and furnished with a single
and a single pair of dorsal plates. The broad lateral lobes

apparently belong to the second segment, and reach well out beneath
the posterior lobes of the carapace.
The small dorsal plates belong to the third segment and overlap the
following segment a little; the fourth segment has a pair of mediumpair of lobes
sized plates
which reach about to the center of those on the genital seg-
ment; each
of
The
segment with
genital
them
is
triangular in shape with well-rounded corners.

its dorsal plates is enlarged to nearly twice
the length of the carapace and is elliptical in form, about one-fourth

It is covered
longer than wide, with the sides very evenly curved.
by a pair of dorsal plates, whose edges are softened and project far
These soft
lateral and posterior margins of the segment.
edges are rolled over ventrally mto large scrolls which completely
cover the sides and posterior end of the segment and lap quite a distance onto the ventral surface, completely concealing the abdomen,
anal laminae, and egg-strings in dorsal view. The posterior sinus
between these plates is sharply triangular and about one-fourth the
beyond the
entire length of the plates.
Abdomen
semielliptical
and
fully as large as or often larger than
Its ventral
that portion of the genital segment which precedes it.
which
side,
surface is produced into a large lobe or lamina on either
dorsal
the
of
extends outward laterally beneath the turned-over edge
plates of the genital
segment (Plate
XXXIX,
fig.
253).
NO. 1573.
When the female is without egg-strings,

gins of these laminae are turned
upward
469
the lateral and anterior marinto scrolls, similar to those
formed by the dorsal plates of the genital segment, and inside of them.
lateral margin is also caught inward in a large fold on either side
about one-fourth the distance from its anterior end. This gives the
The
abdomen a peculiar T shape, the upright portion

being more than twice the width of the arms. When the egg-strings
are extruded, these folds and the scrolls along the lateral margins. are
straightened out and each lamina rests flatly upon the ventral surface
of the coiled egg-strings, completely concealing them in ventral view
The scrolls along the anterior margin are never entirely
(fig. 254)
ventral aspect of the
straightened, but the lamina on either side curls
that point and holds
them securely
in place.
up over the eggs at

The anal laminae are
and attached close to the anus on either side; they

armed with short and stout spines and have no plumose setiie.
small, orbicular,
are
The first antennae are two-jointed, the basal joint much the longer,
each joint armed with a few short spines. Second })air large and
powerfid, the principal organs of prehension, three-jointed, the terminal joint a strong sickle-shaped claw, which is buried in the flesh
The terminal joint of the fu-st maxillipeds is nmch
more slender than the basal; the terminal claw is nearly
as long as the joint itself and only slightly curved; the accessory
claw is much shorter, while both claws have serrate edges. The
of the host.
shorter and
second maxillipeds are stout, but not swollen, as in the Pandarince,

the curved terminal claw nearly as long as the basal joint and shutting down between two large corrugated laiobs on the ventral surface of the latter.
Mouth tube and maxillae peculiar, the former conical with a wide
and swollen base, tapering rapidly to a fairly sharp tip, from which
protrude the ends of the mandibles. These latter are straight and
coarsely toothed along their inner margins, the teetli being more or
less rectangular.
Maxilla^ enormous and clul)-shaped, each one as
large as the whole mouth tube and two-jointed, its hemispherical
terminal joint covered with small curved spines.
On the ventral
surface of each maxilla, at the base of the terminal joint, is a small
knob representing the rudiments of the exopod.
Swimming legs biramose, rami two-jointed, except those of the

fourth pair, which are modified into large laminae with indistinguishable joints. The basal joints of the exopods of the first two pairs
are much larger than the terminal joints and are armed with a stout
spine at their outer distal corners, the one on the second legs being
exceptionally large. The segments of the third legs are all the same
while in the fourth legs the rudimentary endopod is several

times larger than the exopod. In these latter legs there is also a
large fold of skin caught up on the ventral surface of each basal joint.
size,
470
When
vol. xxxiii.
into the groove
between the
the legs are in place, this fold
fits
abdomen and genital segment, and doubtless assists materially in

holding the egg masses in place.
The arrangement of the spines and setae is as follows: First exopod, 1,0; 4, II: endopod, 0, 0; 0, III: second exopod, 1,0; 4, V:
endopod, 0, 0; 0, VII: third exopod, 1, 0; 0, V: endopod, 0,0; 0, V:
fourth exopod, 5, 0: endopod, 4, 0. All the seta3 are extremely rudimentary, and their plumes are easily overlooked.
Of the reproductive organs the oviducts are coiled in the anterior
part of the genital segment. They do not extend back of the vulva,
which is situated in the groove between the abdomen and genital
segment. The external coils are intricate and very irregular, and it
is absolutely impossible to straighten them out, so we can only estimate their total length, which must be at least twenty-five times
the length of the body. The strings are very narrow for so large a
copepod, and the eggs themselves are thin, so that there are several
thousands in each string.
They
genital
are held securely
segment and the
\r\.
place between the dorsal plates of the
lateral lobes of the
abdomen
until they
hatch, the nauplii escaping at the posterior end of the egg bag.
The
cement glands are narrow and sickle-shaped, arching out on either

Tlie tip of
side parallel with the lateral margin of the segment.
each gland is evenly rounded, and there are no signs of cells or other
divisions.
The semen receptacle is situated just in front of the base

abdomen, but its exact shape could not be determined in any
available specimens.
The spermatophores
of the
of the
are fastened to the ven-
segment just in front of the abdomen and

on either side of the mid-line, and the duct leading
from each can be traced to the vagina on the opposite side, where it
opens close to the base of the abdomen.
All the internal organs of the genital segment are thus confined to
the short space in front of the abdomen, and this is practically the
But the cavity of the segment extends
limit of the segment itself.
much farther back, as can be readily proved by injecting water into
tral surface of the genital
close together
lie
anterior portion.
its
In
ily,
this genus, therefore, as in the others belonging to the
the
abdomen
is
subfam-
really fastened to the ventral surface of the geni-
segment.
Total length, 25 to 30 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, S to
10 mm.; width of same, 12.25 mm.; length of genital segment plates,
17.75 mm.; width of same, 15.5 mm.
Color, a uniform yellowish white, deepening in alcohol to an
orange brown in the center of the different carapace areas and the
tal
PA njSITIC COPEPODS WILSOX.
NO. 1573.
471
The anterior ventral surface

the edges of the dorsal plates of the genital seghave a few spots of light brown pigment.
dorsal surface of the genital segment.

of the
abdomen and
ment
Egg masses a deep orange brown.
Male.
Carapace similar to that of the female, and with the same
grooving on its dorsal surface. The cephalic and thoracic portions
of the lateral areas do not differ as much in size as in the other sex,
and the posterior sinus is rather deej)er. The lateral lobes on the
second segment and the dorsal plates on the third and fourth segments correspond closely with those in the female, the last mentioned covering the whole of the genital segment and the most of the
the abdomen.
Genital segment transverseh" elliptical, nearly twice as wide as

narrowed into a neck where it joins the fourth segment.
Abdomen also transversely elliptical and terminal, a little more
than half the diameter, but nmch less than half the length of the gen-
long,
ital
Anal laminte terminal, small, and close to the anus on

which they carry are plumose, but rudimentary.
segment.
either side; the setse
Appendages
similar to those of the female, with the usual sex disthe larger size of the second antenna^, ma5c-
tinctions manifested
and second maxillipeds, and in an increase in the number and

length of tlie ])lumose seta^ on the swimming legs. The fourth legs
have large lannnate l)asal joints and one-jointed rami, but there is
no fold of skin in the basal joints, and the rami are not as large and
rudimentary as in the female. The testes are large and very apparent in well-preserved specimens; the spermatophore receptacles in
the genital segment are circular in outline and so large as to nearly
illae,
the entire segment.

Total length, 14 to 17 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 8
mm. width of same, 1 1 mm. length of fourth segment plates, 4 mm.
width of same, 6 mm.; length of genital segment, 3 nun.; of the
fill
abdomen,
1.8
mm.
Color as in the female, but rather lighter and more transparent,

and without pigment spots on the ventral surface.
(latreillii,
in
honor
of Pierre
Andre
Latreille.)
National Museum collection contains three lots of this

species, all from the gills of Mola mola: one taken at Woods Hole,
Cat. No. 6017, U.S.N.M., contains females only; the second, also
taken at Woods Hole, and Cat. No. 32796, U.S.N.M., contains both
The U.
S.
sexes; the third
was taken by the Fisheries steamer Albatross on the

and is Cat. No. 32797, U.S.N.M.; it
Pacific coast at Station 4345,

also contains
both sexes.
472
Genus
ORTHAGORISCICOLA
Lsemargiis {L. muricatus)
Kroyer,
Orthagoriscicola {0. muricata)
Female.
Poche.
1837, p. 487.
Poche,
1902, p. 13.
Carapace trapezoidal or wedge-shaped,
than long,
much narrowed
vol. xxxiii.
anteriorly,
posterior
one-fourth wider
margin scarcely
very broad and evenly rounded; eyes

invisible; grooving on the dorsal surface indistinct; lateral margins of
the carapace coarsely toothed; its dorsal surface sparsely covered
with spines. Frontal plates fused with the carapace, but their outlines indicated by well-defined grooves.
Second and third thorax
segments distinct,- free, without dorsal plates, and forming a narrow
waist joining the carapace and genital segment.
Fourth segment
with a pair of dorsal plates covering half the genital segment, their
margin serrate. Genital segment enlarged, its dorsal plates wider and
longer than the carapace, and overlapping each other along the midline, their margins serrate.
Abdomen on the ventral surface of the
genital segment and entirely concealed, its lateral margins prolonged
into l)road laminae similar to those of Cecrops.
Egg-tubes carried between these laminae and the dorsal plates of the genital segment as in
reentrant; posterior
lobes
Cecrops, irregularly coiled and many times the body length.

First
antennae three-jointed; second pair stout and uncinate; maxilljê much
smaller than in Cecrops; mouth-tube about the same second maxilli;
peds stout and with a large terminal claw. All the swimming legs
biramose, but rudimentary and destitute of plumose setae; rami of
first two pairs two-jointed, of third and fourth pairs one-jointed and
enlarged into huge flattened laminae.
Male.
Carapace similar to that of the female, but relatively shorter
and wider; thorax segments also similar; genital segment much
smaller, only two-thirds the size of the carapace, its dorsal plate fused
along the mid-line with a wide and shallow posterior sinus through
which the abdomen shows. The latter is small and subquadrangular;
anal laminae narrow and oblong. Appendages similar to those of the
female; second antennae and second maxillipeds longer and stouter;
third legs like the first two pairs, with two-jointed rami, but the fourth
pair are one-jointed
and enlarged as much
as in the female.
(Orthagoriscicola, Ortharjoriscus, the generic

cola,
name
of its host,
and
inhabiting or dwelling upon.)
This genus was established by Kr637er in 1837 upon a few female

specimens obtained from the sunfish, Mola rnola. He called the genus
Lsemargus, but that name had just been used earlier in the same year
for a fish genus, and so Poche in 1902 proposed as a substitute Orthagoriscicola, with a consequent change in the gender of the specific
name.
This genus has been more fully described by the different investigators than the preceding and also better illustrated.
Kroyer
(1837),
PARASITIC C0PEP0D8 WILSON.
NO. 1573.
Hoeven
473
Beneden (1861), A. Scott (1892), and

given good figures, but with the exception of
those published by Iloeven they have ])een almost entirely of the
female sex, the male having received very little attention. And yet
the male is common and almost every group of these parasites yields
Baircl (1850),
T. Scott (1900) have
(1857),
all
several specimens.
From
names
this list of
will readily
it
be understood that the
more accurate than those of Cecrops and

For the female little more has been done
there is very little to add.
than to accumulate the facts given by the various authors, with the
addition of some details in reference to the reproductive organs.
For
descriptions given have been
the male several changes in statement have been found necessary,
and much has been added in the way of description, while the chalimus
is entirely new.
Only a single species of the genus has been described up to the
present time, but if we accept the statements and figures given by
Hesse for what he has called ''Lsemargus ruwricatus''' in the paper
stage of development
already referred to (p. 467), we must conclude that his specimens did
not belong to the present species but were new.
The general body form is radically difiêrent, especially in the male,

and there is not a single appendage tlescribed or figured by Hesse
whose details agree with those of niuricatus.
To be sure he made similar mistakes in describing Cecrops, but not
so many of them, and while his general inaccuracy is well enough
known to prevent the establishment of a new species upon his authority alone, yet it does not seem likely that he would have fallen into
error in every particular.
It will
not be surprising, therefore,
investigation shows that he had a
new
if
future
species, instead of niuricatus as
he claimed.
ORTHAGORISCICOLA MURICATA
Plates XL and XLI.
Lumargus
pi.
Kroyer,
inuricatus
xxxiv,
figs.
15. Beneden,
pi.
and
1837, p.
-187, pi. v,
Hoeven,
III.T. Scott, 1900, p. 158, pi. vi,
Poche,
fms.
to
E.
1857, p. 11, pi. iv,
1861, pp. 129, 149, pi. xix,
Orthagoriscicola Diancala
Female.
4.
Kroyer.
figs.
figs. 1
1o
Baird, 1850,
figs. 1
p. 295,
to 10, 12, 14,
4. A. Scott,
1892, p.
and
2()6,
39 to 42.
1902, p. 13.
Cara]:)ace
anteriorly, with well
trapezoitlal or wedge-shaped, much narrowed

rounded posterior lobes and a very shallow sinus.
Frontal plates fused with the carapace; eyes invisible in the adults;
margins set with fine conical teeth; grooves on the dorsal
surface indistinct but separating a lateral area on either side, which is
again divided into a very small cephalic, and a much larger thoracic,
portion.
The entire dorsal surface is sparsely covered with spines,
lateral
which are coarser and more prominent on the ridges alongside the
Second, third, and fourth thorax segments free, the first
two with a pair of narrow, spine-like projections in the place of lateral
grooves.
474
vol. xxxni.
same width. The third segment has no dorsal

whose combined area is greater than tliat
of the carapace, and which are separated by a deep posterior sinus,
Genital segment transversely
often a trifle enlarged at its base.
elliptical, as large as the carapace, one-half wider than long, and
covered with a pair of huge dorsal plates, which overlap each other
along the mid-line, and extend back beyond the tip of the abdomen.
The posterior and the posterolateral borders of these plates and of
those on the fourth segment are toothed, the teeth on the genital
segment plates being considerably the larger and coarser. These
genital segment plates do not round over ventrally in a scroll like
lobes, all three of the
plates; the fourth has a pair
those of Cecrops, but are flattened to the very edge.
Abdomen similar to that in Cecrovs, the lateral lobes being prolonged sidewise and backward so that their edges coincide very
nearly with those of the genital segment plates. The length of the
abdomen plus these plates is about twice that of the genital segment
in front of the abdomen.
The lobes are also set with fine teeth along
their margins, and are not rolled at the edges, but Hat.
In consequence, the space between them and the genital segment, in which
the egg-strings are coiled, is not as thick dorso-ventrally, but is wider
than in Cecrojis, and thus accommodates about the same length of
egg-strings, twenty or thirty times the length of the body.
The
strings are about the same diameter and the eggs fully as numerous.
First antennae three-jointed, the joints diminishing regularly in
diameter and in length from the base outward; they are very
sparsely armed with setae.
Second antennae large, three- join ted, and
projecting well in front of the carapace; the terminal joint is a very
powerful and strongly curved claw, which is buried its entire length
in the flesh of the host.
Mouth-tube broadly
manarmed with square

Second maxilla^ in the form of
conical, similar to that in Cecroj^s, the
dibles projecting through the opening at its tip,
teeth on their inner margins only.
short conical knobs, apparently without joints, spines, or rudimen-
tary exopods. In size they are in sharp contrast -with those of the
preceding genus, being less than one-fourth of the length of the
mouth- tube. First maxillipeds two-jointed, both joints exceptionally stout, the terminal one slightly the longer.
The terminal claw
is
short and wide and Ijeavily fringed with stout spines; the acces-
sory claw
is
in the
form
of a large spine.
the joint opposite the accessory claw
is
On
the ventral surface of
a raised knob covered with
small spines.
Second maxillipeds swollen, the basal joint much
longer than the terminal claw; on its inner surface are two pairs of
knobs, one near the base of the terminal claw, and the other near
its
own
each
when closed lies between the two knobs of

biramose, the rami transformed into flattened
base; the claw
pair.
Legs
all
PA RASITIC COPEPODS VILSON.
475
laminae, destitute of
plumose
those of the
setae;
two-jointed, while the third and fourth pairs
The spines
show
first
two pairs are
})ut
a single joint.
3, endopod,
second exopod, 0, 4, endopofl, 0, 1; third exopod, 3, endopod,
Of the reproductive organs the
0; fourth exopod, 6, endopod, 0.
oviducts are coiled very tightly and in hopeless confusion in either
In general the coils are narrower and
half of the genital segment.
more tightly woinid in the anterior portion of the segment. The
final coils are in the shape of a large S on either side of, and close to,
the median line, the openings to the exterior being just in front of
the base of the abdomen.
The cement glands are narrow and very long, and are bent into a
sickle shape, the curve reaching backward on either side beneath the
ventral lobe of the abdomen.
The semen receptacle could not be
distinguished with sufficient clearness to determine its exact shape,
but it is situated in the usual position, just in front of the l)ase of
the abdomen.
The spermatophores are ellipsoidal, twice as long as
wide, and curved like a couple of parentheses marks; the ducts leading from them cross in the usual manner, and each empties into the
vagina on the opposite side of the body. This genus, therefore, is
unlike Cecrops in that the organs witliin the genital segment extend
far behind the base of the abdomen; there is thus no (kûbt that the
are arranged as follows: First exopod,
1,
0, 0;
abdomen
and
is
is fastened to the ventral surface of the genital segment

not terminal. The certainty in this case increases the proba-
bility in the case of Cecrops,
Total length, 20
where
it is
not easy to decide.
mm.; length of carapace on mid-line,

mm.; length of fourth segment plates,
5.34
mm.;
width of same, 7.1

5.56 mm.;
of genital segment plates, 8.35 mm. width of latter, 9.5 mm.
Color a uniform light yellow without any pigment markings; the
claws and chitin ribs which strengthen the carapace are darkened to a
brownish hue.
Male. Carapace similar to that of the female, but relatively a little
shorter and wider; grooving on the dorsal surface indistinct; e^^-es
invisible in the adult; no teeth along the lateral margins of the carapace.
Fourth segment plates nearly circular, their combined area
considerably less than the carapace, but covering more than half of
the genital segment plates; their posterior margins are thickly set
with teeth. They project forward at the anterior corners in a broad
and rounded shoulder on either side.
Genital segment small, two-thirds the size of the carapace, or])icular in outline and strongly flattened dorso-vcntrally, its dorsal plates
fused along the mid-line for their anterior half, but separated for
their posterior half, the posterior margins thickly set with teeth.
Abdomen very small and weak, subquadrangular, fastened to the
ventral surface of the genital segment so that its posterior margin
;
476
vol. xxxiii.
coincides with that of the latter; anal laminae narrow and oblong,
nearly three times as long as wide, each armed with four small setae.
Dorsal surface of the abdomen and anal laminae
visil)le
tlu-ouah the
posterior sinus between the dorsal plates of the genital segment.
Appendages the same
as in the female, the only differences being
that the second antennae and second maxillipeds are larger, and there
are more spines on the swimming legs.
The fourth legs are fully as
degenerate as in the female, being enlarged into broad lamina;, with

no signs of segmentation. The third legs are like the second pair
and are not enlarged; each ramus is two-jointed, the joints about
the same size, but those of the exopod nearly three times the size of
those in the endopod.
The terminal
joint of the
endopod
in these third legs is
armed with
a single long spine or claw, curved strongly outward, which seems to

be characteristic of the genus. There are no plumose setae on the
swimming
legs, the spines being arranged as follows: First exopod,

endopod, 0, 0; second exopod, 1, 5, endopod, 0, 5; third exopod, 1, 6, endopod, 0, 4; fourth exopod, 3, endopod, 1.
The spermatophore receptacles are very large and elliptical in outline; they are situated in the posterior portion of the genital segment, and are inclined at an angle of about 45 to the central axis;
the ducts at their anterior ends are large and profusely coiled.
Color as in the female, but the spermatophore receptacles are a
deep purple, and the ducts leading to them a lighter purple.
Total length, 10 to 15 mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 5 to
7 mm.; width of same, 6.5 to 8 mm.; length of fourth segment plates,
4.25 nun.; width of same, 6.75 mm.; length of genital segment,
6.75 mm.; width of same, 5.75 mm.
Chalimus. A male chalimus 8 mm. in length was among the specimens examined, and the following description shows the points in
which it differs from the adult.
Carapace the same shape as that of the adult, but much more
prominent anteriorly, relatively larger, and showing on its dorsal
surface areas similar to those in the Pandarinae; no eyes visible.
The entire front of the carapace is occupied by the large attachment gland, which is acorn-shaped, one- third the entire length of the
carapace, and as wide as long.
It gives origin to two broad, flat,
ribbon-like frontal filaments, similar to those found on tbe Perissopus
chalimus, the stumps of which can be plainh^ seen at the center of the
0, 1,
frontal margin.
Second and third thorax segments narrower and longer than
in the
adult, with the lateral lobes hardly appearing on their sides.
Fourth segment plates divided to their very base; genital segment

and its dorsal plates the same as in the adult, except that the posterior
sinus is much broader and shallower.
NO. 1573.
aheady described, except

more jilainl}^ segmented and armed with
In the second and third pairs also there is a good-
The appendages
swimming
that the
larger spines.
477
are similar to those
legs are
sized spine on the l)asal joint just outside of the base of the exopod.
In the third legs there is the same difference in size between the
exopod and endopod, and the terminal joint of the latter is armed
with a similar large and strongly curved claw.
mm.; length of carapace on mid-line, 3.75 mm.;

same, 4.35 mm.; length of second and third segments, 1.15
fourth segment plates, 2 mm.; of genital segment, 3 mm.;
Total length, 8
width
of
mm.;
of
width
of latter, 3
mm.
Color a uniform ^êllowish wliite, similar to that of the female and

male alread}^ described.
{muricata, with sharp ])oints or spines.)
This species is confined almost exclusively to the Sunfish, so that
Poche's generic name is eminentl^T^ fitting. But while Cecrops is
usuall}^ found upon the gills, the present species frecjuents the outer
surface of the body, the vicinity of the anal fm being a favorite locality.
It is fiu'thermore gregarious in habits, and from ten to twenty
The combineti laceration
individuals gather together in bunches.
of their sharp claws and probosces witliin so small an area quickly
penetrates even the thick skin of the Sunfish. The groups of parathe bottom of depressions or pits wliich are
sites thus come to lie
eaten through the skin of the fish and into the raw llesh beneath;
the edges of the pits are raised slightly above the surroiuiding surface
and calloused.
With
(See A. Scott, 1892, p. 266.)

the claws of their second antenna and second maxillipeds
sunk deeply into the flesh of their host in the bottom of these pits,
they are secure from friction and many of the other evils that come
from living on the outside of the host's body.
But wliile thus protected from some dangers, their fixed habit
renders them peculiarly liable to others. Chief among these is the
fact that their bodies, and especially the chitinous plates which cover
its dorsal surface, furnish admirable anchorage for maiiy of the other
It thus
fixed forms, animal and vegetable, which live in the ocean.
happens that we frecpiently fuid the dorsal surface of one of these
parasites covered with alga^, infusoria, hydrozoa, or even barnacles.
Of the latter the striped barnacle, which is found also upon Pennella,
is the most common, and specimens of Orthagoriscicola may be found
canying a huge Lepas larger than their own bodies. Two such
specimens are figured by Hoeven in the paper alread}^ cited, 1857,
Plate IV, fig. 10.
Although this can not be regarded as a case where ''Greek meets
Greek," since the Lepas is not in any sense a parasite, yet the fastening of its heavy weight upon the back of the copepod must be a sore
burden to the latter.
478
The
collection of the U. S. National
Museum
vol.
xxxm.
includes the following
which are excellently preserved and especially rich in specimens

the male sex.
They were all taken from the wSunfish, Afola rnola,
lots,
of
with the single exception mentioned. Cat. No. 3698, U.S.N.M.,

from Jeffreys Bank by the schooner Paul Revere, includes two females.
Cat. No. 12913, U.S.N.M., from Woods Hole in 1SS6, contains
thirty females and seven males; Cat. Nos. .82783, 32784, and 32786,
U.S.N.M., were obtained by the schooner Grampus 120 miles off
Woods Hole in 1900; the first and last contain about thirty females
each, the second one contains ten males.
Cat. No. 32785, U.S.N.M.,
contains two males and one female and was obtained from the irills
of a Moonfish, Selene vomer, at Woods Hole in 1905.
Genus
Dincmalura (D.
PHILORTHRAGORISCUS
scrrata)
IvaoYER, 1863,
I'hilorlhragoriscus (P. strratus)
Horst,
Horst.
p. 176.
1397, p. 137.
Female. Carapace well rounded, a little wider than long.

First
thorax segment only fused with the head; second and third segments fused inter se and furnished with a pair of small lateral plates
fourth segment with a pair of large dorsal plates, fully as wide as the
carapace, and overlapping three-fifths of the genital segment.
This
latter nearly the size of the carapace and covered by a pair of large
tlorsal plates, whose margins are finely serrated.
Abdomen small,
considerably wider than long, one-jointed and attached to the ventral
surface of the genital segment so far forward as to be almost entirely
concealed in dorsal view. Anal laminae large, foliaceous, divergent,
each armed with four short spines. Frontal plates well fused with
the carapace; first antennas long and two-jointed; second pair threejointed and uncinate.
Mouth-tube long and pointed; mandibles
with very wide and blunt teeth; second maxillae short, jointed, and
simple; sec(md maxillipeds large, with a stout terminal claw.
All the swimming legs biramose; rami of first three pairs twojointed and armed with both spines and plumose setae, rami of fourth
pair one-jointed, bearing short spines only; fifth pair entirely lacking.
Egg-tubes straight or coiled outside the body, several times the body
length; eggs as in the Pandaririae.
Male.
Carapace much larger than the rest of the body, wider
than long, its dorsal surface grooved as in the Pandarinae; no eyes
Second and third thorax segments fused inter se, and
visible.
furnished with a pair of small lateral plates; fourth segment with a
pair of very small and rudimentary dorsal plates which scarcely overlap the genital segment at all.
Genital segment subquadrangular,
with slightly rounded sides; covered with two dorsal plates thoroughly fused along the mid-line, with a posterior margin and sinus
exactly like that in Perissopus.
PARASITIC COFEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
479
Abdomen the saine shape as in the female, bnt more of it visible

behind the genital segment; anal laminae narrower and smaller than
in the other sex, each armed with three good-sized setae.
First antennsB relatively longer than in the female; second pair
also enlarged, their terminal claws projecting well in front of the
Other appendages similar to those of the female, except
carapace.
that on all of them the claws and spines are longer and sharper.
{Phil(>rtJi mgoriscus (pikeco^ to love, and Orthragoriscus the old gen,
eric name
of its host.)
In 1863 Kroyer described a new species, which he referred to the

genus Dinematura and called D. serrata. The present author obtained
numerous specimens of both sexes of this species while at Woods
Hole in 1904. On examination it was found that they could not
belong to the genus Dinematura for the following reasons: First the
general body
make-up
is
entirely different
the
body
is
too short
the
segment is not elongated enough; the dorsal plates of the

fourth segment are many times too large the abdomen is much too
Again, there is no trace in the present
large and in the wrong position.
species of the adhesion disks found on the ventral surface in Dineinatura.
In the third place there is no trace here of that sixth segment
which is the characteristic of Dinematura, with its rudimentary legs
and dorsal plate. And finally in Dinematura all the legs are biramose, the rami of the first pair are two-jointed, those of the second
and tliird pairs three-jointed, wliile the rami of the fourth pair are
enlarged into laminae in which there is almost no trace of jointing.
Here the rami of the first three pairs are two-jointed, while those of
the fourth pair are rudimentary, very nuich reduced in size, and onegenital
jointed.
Accordingly a new generic
name was given
to the species, but for-
tunately the author afterwards found Horst's paper (1S97), in which

he had already renamed the species as given above.
Kroyer and Horst are the only two who have ever described tlie
species.
Kroyer had no specimens
of the
male sex and Horst had but
a single one, of which he gives only one small figure, a dorsal view.
For
this reason the
male has been
fully described
and figured in the
following account
PHILORTHRAGORISCUS SERRATUS
Kroyer.
Plates XLII and XLIII.

Dinematura
serrata
Kroyek,
Philorthragoriscus seiratus
1863, p. 176, pi. viir, figs. 4 a to
Horst, 1897,
i.
p. 137, pi. vii.
Female.
Carapace well rounded, about one-sixth wider than long,
with large acuminate teeth along the lateral and posterior margins.
Frontal plates wide and fairly distinct; but still fused with the carapace;
480
vol. xxxiii.
margin smooth and
slightly curved, with a small incision at the

Dorsal surface of the carapace with well-defined grooves
marking it oft" into areas similar to those in the Pandaringe. The two
longitudinal grooves are strongly concave toward each other, like
parenthesis marks, the space between them being nearly two-thirds of
frontal
center.
the entire width.
The
lateral areas outside of these grooves are
wider
and are prolonged backward on either side in a large lobe

which extends nearly to the anterior margin of the dorsal plates of the
posteriorly,
Each of these lateral areas is divided by a

transverse groove which starts from a deep sinus in the lateral margin
and curves inward and backward to the longitudinal groove. The
fourth thorax segment.
posterior. or thoracic portion of the area
the anterior portion, and has
is
thus shorter but wider than
somewhat the appearance
of a lateral
plate attached to the posterior portion of the carapace.
The second and third thorax segments are fused together and furnished with a" single pair of lateral plates, one on either side beneath
the posterior carapace lobe and nearly concealed by it. The fourth
thorax segment is considerably narrower than the second and third,
but carries a pair of large dorsal plates which extend outward on
either side to a level with the lateral margins of the carapace and backward until they overlap half the genital segment. The two plates are
entirely fused anteriorly for about one-quarter of their length; the
combined anterior margin is a nearly perfect arc of a large circle
which terminates at either end in a short and sharp spine. Each plate
is nearly circular in outline and is bordered by acuminate spines similar to those on the carapace, but not quite as large.
The sinus between the plates is wide and well rounded at the base,
but farther back its sides approach until they are in actual contact.
The combined dorsal plates of the fourth and genital segments are
about the same size as the carapace, and inversely the same shape.
As the abdomen is hidden, this gives the copepod a regular elliptical
outline, broken across the short diameter by the waist between the
carapace and fourth segment.
The joint between the third and fourth segments seems to be the
only one which is really flexible, and the anterior half of the body is
frequently folded over ventrally against the posterior half. The dorsal surface of the genital segment is also covered by a pair of plates
similar to those on the fourth segment and finely serrate around the
margins. The posterior sinus between these plates is deeply cut and
is
similar to that
between the fourth segment
plates.
The abdomen is of medium size, considerably wider than long, and

unsegmented it is attached to the ventral surface of the genital segment just in front of the base of the sinus, between the dorsal plates of
;
the latter.
side
Its
own
posterior margin
where the lamina
is
is
slightly reentrant
on either
attached; these laminae are small, foliaceous,
PA RA SI TIC COPEPODS WILSON.
NO. 1573.
and furnished with four short
spines.
in length, but they usually project
481
The laminae vary considerably

somewhat behind the genital
segment.
The
egg-strings are narrow and two and a half to three times as long
whole body; the eggs are small and similar to those in the Pandarinse.
The first antennae are large and appressed close to the margin of the carapace the two joints are nearly the same length, but the
basal has twice the diameter of the terminal; both are well armed
with setae.
The second antennae are large and three-jointed, and terminate in
a stout curved claw, which has an accessory spine on its inner margin.
When the antennae are turned forward these claws project
beyond the anterior margin of the carapace; they are prehensile in
function, and with the second maxillipeds are driven deeply into the
flesh of the host.
There are no first maxillae; the second pair are close
beside the mouth-tube and only about one-third its length; they are
simple and terminate in a short, blunt spine, directed outward.
The mouth-tube is very long and conical in shape; the base is
wide, but at about the level of the tips of the second maxillae it narrows rapidly to a slender tip. The mouth-opening is terminal and
fringed with long hairs, through which may be seen the tips of the
mandibles. These are slender and toothed for some distance along
their inner margins at the tip; the teeth are wide and blunt, and
quite different from those in the Pandarinae.
The first maxillipeds
are small and weak, the terminal joint about the same length as the
basal, and ending in two claws the same size and covered with stiff
as the
hairs.
The second maxillipeds are considerably larger and stouter, with

the terminal claw about three-quarters the length of the basal joint.
On the inner surface of the latter, opposite the tip of the claw, is a
some distance apart and so situwhen the claw closes down upon the basal joint it shuts in
between them and is locked securely in place. All four pairs of
pair of long, blunt spines; they are
ated that
rami of the first three pairs two-jointed, of

In the first pair the exopod is considerably larger than the endopod; its basal joint is three times the
legs are biramose, the
the fourth pair one-jointed.
length of the terminal and nearly twice as wide; the endopod joints
are about equal.
In the second and third legs the basal joints are
enlarged and connected across the mid-line by a wdde lamina, larger
The rami of the second pair

but the joints are unequal; in the exopod
in the third pair than in the second.
are about the
same
the basal joint
is
size,
twice the size of the terminal, while in the endopod
more than twice the size of the basal. The rami

and the four joints are nearly the same
In the fourth legs the basal joints are well separated and have
the terminal joint
is
of the third legs are also ef(ual

size.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
31
482
vol. xxxni.
no connection across the mid-line; the rami are one- jointed and
rudimentary, the exopod being three times the size of the endopod;
they are both armed witli short spines and have no plumose setse.
The arrangement of the spines and setse on these legs is as follows
First exopod, 1,0; 4, III: endopod, 0, 0; 0, III: second exopod,
1, I; 4, V: endopod, 0, I; 0, VII: third exopod, 1, 0; 2, IV: endopod, 0, 0; 0, IV: fourth exopod, 5: endopod, 2.
Of the reproductive organs the oviducts are coiled inside the genital segment as in the other genera; in early stages the coils do not
extend much back of the base of the abdomen, but later one fold on
either side pushes
The cement glands

tubes, and are bent
down
into the very tip of the genital segment.
are considerably darker in color than the egg-
into a sickle shape, the concave sides facing each
other; the ducts leading
from
their posterior ends into the oviducts
are very short.
The spermatophores are elliptical or slightly egg-shaped, the larger

end being posterior, and from it a tube leads into the vulva. At
first these tubes cross each other as in the other genera, but as the
sperms are extruded into the sperm receptacle of the female, the
spermatophores gradually shrivel up and each pulls across the midline to the opposite side, so that later they present the appearance
seen in fig. 287. Each now stands up from the surface of the genital
segment in a corkscrew coil, the tip of which is nearly snow white.
The semen receptacle is situated just in front of the base of the
abdomen; it is short, curved a little, with the concave side posterior,
and slightly enlarged at the ends.
width of same, 4.5 mm.; length of genital segment, 3 mm.; width of
same, 4.4 mm.; length of abdomen, 1 mm.; of egg-strings, 15 mm.
Color, a mixture of yellow and gray, sometimes the one color predominating, sometimes the other.
Male.
Carapace proportionally much larger, more than twice the
width of the rest of the body, and about the same length; grooves
and divisions as in the female. Lateral plates on the fused second
and third segments plainly visible just inside the posterior lobes of
the carapace. Dorsal plates on the fourth segment very rudimentary, no larger than the lateral plates just mentioned, and barely
overlapping the base of the genital segment.

The latter is subquadrangular, with slightly rounded sides, and
the posterior angles armed with sharp spines; the posterior margin
has a wide central sinus with divergent sides, showing most of the
dorsal surface of the
abdomen.
The margin on
either side of the
sinus takes the shape of the letter S, almost exactly like that in the
genus Perissopus.
The abdomen
also are the anal laminae.
is
similar to that in the female, as
NO. 1573.
483
The first antennae are longer than in the female and more densely
armed with setae; the second antennae are much enlarged and the
terminal claw projects well in front of the carapace.
The other appendages are similar to those of the female except

all of them the spines and claws are longer and sharper.
The basal joint of the exopod of the first legs is somewhat swollen
and armed along its outer margin and the adjacent ventral surface
wdth stout curved spines pointing backward. The claw at the outer
that in
and those on the tenninal joint are enlarged

margins wdth a row of stout teeth. Of the
reproductive organs the testes are of good size and (|uite prominent;
the spermatophore receptacles in the genital segment are very large,
The posterior part where the
filling almost the entire segment.
ripe spermatophores are lodged is club-shaped and fills nearly the
whole half diameter of the segment. It is narrowed anteriorly wdiere
the duct from the testis enters it, but is not coiled as much as in
most genera.
Total length, 5 mm.; length of carapace on mid line, 2 mm.; width
of same, 4 mm.; length of genital segment, 1.58 mm.; width of
corner of
tliis
joint
and furnished along
their
same, 1.4 mm.

Color the same as in the female.
(serratus, toothed like a saw^, alluding to the margins of
all
the
body regions.)
The males and females of tins species are found together and in
company with those of Cecrops and Orthagoriscicola on the Sunfish.
The collection of the U. S. National Museum includes five lots, all
obtained from the Sunfish, Mala Tnola; Cat. No. 941, U.S.N.M., taken in
Casco Bay in 1873; Cat. No. 32779,U.S.N.M., taken by the Fisheries
steamer Alhatross in September, 1886; Cat. Nos. 32778 and 32780,
U.S.N.M., obtained by the schooner Grampus about 120 miles off
Woods Hole; Cat. No. 32781, U.S.N.M., from a Sunfish taken at
the surface in Vineyard Sound.
BIBLIOGRAPHY,
Tlie following are the papers to
Bairu, W.
which reference
is
Tlie Natural History of the British Entomostraca.
made
in the text:
Printed for the
Ray
Society, London, 1850.
Bassett-Smith, p. W. A Systematic Description of Parasitic ('opepoda found on

Fishes, with an enumeration of the known Species.
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899.
Beneden, p. J. VAN. Sur los vers parasites du poisson-lune {Orthagoriscus mola)
et le Cecrops latreillii, qui vit sur ses hranchies.
Bulletin di' I'Academie Royale
de Belgique, XXIL Part 2, 1855.
Recherches sur la Faune Littorale de Belgique; Crustaces. Memoires de
FAcademie Royale de Belgique, XXXIII, 1861.
Le Male de certains Caligides et un nouveau Genre de cette Famille.
Bulletin de FAcademie Royale de Belgique (3), XXIII, No. 3, 1892.
Quelques nouveaux Caligides de la Cote d'Afrique et de FArchipel des
Ayores.
Bulletin de FAcademie Royale de Belgique (3), XXIV, 1892.
Brady, George Stewardson. Report on the Copepoda. Challenger Expedition,
Zoology, VIII, 1883.
Burmeister, Hermann. Beschreibung (>iniger neuen oder weniger bekannten
Schmarotzerkrebse, nebst allgemeinen Betrachtungen iiber die Gruppe, welcher
sie angehoren.
Acta, Verhandlungen der Leopoldinisch-Carolinischen Akademie
.
der Naturforscher, XVII, Part 1, 1833.

Carl. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Schmarotzerkrebse.
Claus,
XIV,
wissenschaftliche Zoologie,
Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss
iiber
das System derselben.
Zeitschrift
fiir
1864.
parasitischer Copepoden, nebst
Zeitschrift
fiir
Bemerkungen
wissenschaftliche Zoologie,
XXV,
1875.
Dana, James Dwight.

1839, 1840, 1841,
and
United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838,

1842, under the Command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N., Vol.
XIII, Crustacea, 1852.
Desmarest, Anselme Gaetan. Considerations generales sur le classe des Crustaces.

Paris and Strasbourg, 1825.
Frey, Heinrich, and Leuckart, Rudolph. Beitrage zur Kenntniss wirbelloser
Thiere mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Fauna des Norddeutschen Meeres.
Braunschweig, 1847.
Gerstaecker, a. Ueber eine neue und weniger gekannte Siphonostomen-Gattung.

Wiegmann's Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte, XIX, 1853.
Beschreibung zweier neuer Siphonostomen-Gattungen. Wiegmann's Archiv
.
fiir
Naturgeschichte,
XX,
1854.
Guerin-Meneville, Felix Edouard.

Published in
li-vraisons 1829 to 1844.
Iconographie
The
du Regne Animal.
Paris.
plate containing parasitic copepods
is numbered XXXV and bears the date March, 1837.

Heller, Camil. Reise der Oesterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Wien, 1865.
Hesse, Eugene. Description de deux Crustaces nouveaux, male et femelle du
genre Dinemoura, decrits et peints sur des individus vivants. Revue des Sciences
Naturelles, Montpellier (2), II, 1880.
Crustaces rares ou nouveaux des Cotes de France, 33 Article. Annalesdes
Sciences Naturelles
.
(6),
XV,
1883.
Crustaces rares ou nouveaux des Cotes de France, 37 Article.
des Sciences Naturelles
(7),
Annales
V, 1888.
485
486
vol.
xxxm.
Note sur les genres Cecrops et Laemargus. Memoires d'entoJ. VAN DER.
mologie publies par la Societe Entomologique des Pays-Bas, I, 1857.
Over Cecrops en Lajmargus, twee geslachten van parasitisclie schaaldieren.
Leyden, I, 1858.
Tijdschrift voor entomologie.
HoEVEN,
.
HoRST, R.
Philorthragoriscus
Kxoyer (Dinemat.ura
serratus,
serrata
Kr.).
Notes
from the Leyden Museum, XIX, 1897.
Johnston, George.
Illustrations in British Zoology.
Loudin's Magazine of Natural
History, VIII, 1835.
Kroyer, Henrik.
Om
Snyltekrebsene, isaer
med Hensyn
til
den Danske Fauna.
Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, I and II, 1837 and 1838.
Bidrag til Kundskab om Snyltekrebsene. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 1863.

Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres.
.
Paris, 1818.
Latreille, Pierre Andre. Le Regne Animal, IV, Crustaces, Paris, 1829.

Leach, William Elford. Annulosa. Supplement to the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth
Editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica, I, 1824 (really published in 1816).
Entomostraces. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles, XIV, 1819.
Milne Edwards, Henri. Memoire sur I'organisation de la bouche chez les Crustaces
.
suceurs.
.
MiJLLER,
Annales des Sciences Naturelles, XXVIII, 1833.
Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces.
Otho Fredricus.
Paris, 1840.
Entomostraca, seu Insecta testacea.
Lipsise et Hafnise,
1785.
Norman, Rev. Alfred Merle.
among the Shetland Isles.

Advancement of Science for 1868.
Copepodorum parasitantium Scandinavise.
Last Report on Dredging
Report of the British Association for the
Olsson, Dr. Petrus. Prodromus faunae

Acta Universitatis Lundensis, 1868.
Otto, Dr. A. W. Beschreibung einiger neuen, in den Jahren 1818 und 1819 im Mittellandischen Meere gefundener Crustaceen. Verhandlungen der Leopoldinisch-
Akademie der Naturforscher, XIV, 1828.

Bemerkungen zu der Arbeit des .Herrn Bassett-Smith "A Sys-
Carolinischen
PocHE, Franz.
tematic Description of Parasitic Copepoda found on Fishes, with an Enumeration

Zoologischer Anzeiger, XXVI, 1902.
of the known Species."
Rathbun, Richard.
Descriptions of Parasitic Copepoda belonging to the genera

Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, IX,
Pandarus and Chondracanthus.

1886.
.
Description of
New
Species of Parasitic Copepods belonging to the genera

Proceedings of the U. S. National
Trebius, Perissopus, and Lernanthropus.
Museum, X,
1887.
An
account of the Crustacea of the United States. Journal of the

Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, I, 1818.
Scott, A. Notes on Cecrops latreillii Leach, and Lsemargus muricatus Kroyer.
Transactions of Natural History Society, Glasgow, III, 1892.
Scott, Thomas. Notes on some Crustacean Parasites of Fishes. Eighteenth Annual
Say, Thomas.
Academy
of
Report of the Fishery Board for Scotland, Part III, 1900.

Smith, Sidney I. Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound. Report of Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1871 and 1872.
Steenstrup, Japetus, and LDtken, Christian. Bidrag til Kundskab om dot aabne
Havs Snyltekrebs og Lerneeer. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs
Skrifter, 5te Ra^kke, V, 1861.
Thomson, George M. Parasitic Copepoda of New Zealand. Transactions of the
New Zealand Institute, XXII, 1889.

Wilson, Charles B. New Species of Parasitic Copepods from the Massachusetts
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, XVIII, 1905.
Coast.
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rina.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate
XVIL
Perissopus communis Rathbun,
and variety sîmpsom" Rathbun.
view of female of communis; fig. 20, Dorsal view of variety stimpsoni;

fig. 21, Ventral view of carapace, showing large knob opposite first maxillipeds; fig. 22,
Mouth tube and second maxilla; figs. 23 to 25, First, second, and third swimming legs;
fig. 26, Rami of third leg, enlarged; fig. 27, Fourth swimming leg; fig. 28, Rami of same,
enlarged; fig. 29, Fifth swimming leg; fig. 30, Ventral view of genital segment and
abdomen, showing abdomen (a), cement glands (c. g.), spermatophores is) in position,
and semen receptacle (s. r.); fig. 31, A single spermatophore, enlarged.
Fig. 19, Dorsal
Plate XVIII.
Male chalimus
of Perissopus
communis Rathbun.
Fig. 32, Dorsal view; note especially the eyes

frontal filaments;
and
fig.
33,
and the large gland at the base of the

Ventral view of carapace, showing first and second antennse
their adhesion pads;
First, second, third,
figs. 34 and 35, First and second maxillipeds;

and fourth swimming legs.
Plate XIX.
The female
figs.
36 to 39,
of Echthrogaleus coleoptratus Ciuerin.
Fig. 40, Dorsal view;
fig. 41, First antenna; fig. 42, Mouth tube and second maxillae;
and 44, First and second maxillipeds; figs. 45 to 48, First, second, third, and
fourth swimming legs; fig. 49, Ventral view of genital segment and abdomen, showing
abdomen (a), cement glands (c. </.), and sperm receptacles (s. r.); fig. 50, Ventral
view of genital segment with abdomen removed, showing sixth segment plate and
figs.
43
fifth legs.
Plate XX.
The female
fig.
of Echthrogaleus deiiticulatus
Second antenna;
52,
and 55, First and second maxillipeds:

fourth swimming legs; fig. 60, Ventral view of
figs.
54
Plate XXI.
The female
tube, second maxillae,
maxilliped;
figs.
65
to
68,
and rudimentary
genital segment
mm.
in length;
and the large spines
fig.
62,
and abdomen.
new
species.
Second antenna;
posterior to the latter;
fig.
64,
fig.
63,
Second
and fourth swimming legs; fig. 69,

abdomen removed, showing the sixth segment
First, second," third,
Ventral view of genital segment with

plate
Mouth tube and second maxilla;

56 to 59, First, second, third, and
fig. 53,
figs.
of Echthrogaleus torpedinis,
Fig. 61, Dorsal view, egg strings 40
Mouth
Smith.
fifth legs.
Plate XXII.
The female
of i)me?nato-a/ero;r
Kroyer.
mm. in length; figs. 71 and 72, First and second

Mouth tube and second maxillae; figs. 74 to 77, First, second, third,
and fourth swimming legs; fig. 78, Ventral view of genital segment and abdomen,
showing abdomen (o), cement glands (c. g.), semen receptacle (s. r.), and sixth segment
maxillipeds;
(x),
with
its
fig.
73,
rudimentary
legs.
487
488
Plate XXIII.
vol. xxxiii.
TYve ieva.^\e oi Dinematura 'productaMuWex.
mm.
fig. 80, Second antenna; fig. 80a,

Second maxilla, enlarged; fig. 82, Second
maxilliped; figs. 83 to 86, First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs; fig. 87,
Ventral view of genital segment and abdomen, showing the abdomen (a), and sixth
segment {x) with its rudimentary legs (/)
Mouth tube and second
Plate XXIV.
maxillae;
The female
fig.
of
Dinematura
figs.
mm.
Steenstrup and l.,utken.
in length;
91 to 94, First, second, third,
Fourth swimming leg of male; fig.

showing cement glands (c. g.), spermatophores
its rudimentary legs (Z) and the abdomen (a).
Plate
latifolia
figs. 89 and 90, First and second

and fourth swimming legs; fig. 95,
96, Ventral view of genital segment and abdomen,
maxillipeds;
in length;
81,
XXV.
The male
of
Dinematura
(s)
in position, sixth
latifolia
segment
(x)
with
Fig. 97, Dorsal view; fig. 98, Second antenna; fig. 99, First maxilliped; fig. 100,
Mouth-tube and second maxillse; figs. 101 to 103, First, second, and third, swimming
legs; fig. 104, Mandible; fig. 105, Ventral view of genital segment, showing sperma-
tophore receptacles.
Plate XXVI.
fig.
The male of Pandarus

107,
Second antenna;
brevicaudis Dana.
fig.
Plate XXVII.
The female
of
Pandarus
Second maxilliped; fig.

and third swimming legs.
108,
109, First maxilliped; figs. 110 to 113, First, second, fourth,
bicolor
Leach.
mm. in length; fig. 115, Ventral view of caraand second antennae and their adhesion pads; fig. 116, Mouth-tube
and second maxillae; figs. 117 and 118, First and second maxillipeds; figs. 119 to 122,
First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs; fig. 123, Ventral surface of genital
segment and abdomen, showing adomen (a), short anal lamina? (a. I.), spermatophores
(s) in position and semen receptacle (s. r.).
Fig. 114, Dorsal view, egg-strings 13
pace, showing
first
Plate XXVIII.
The female and male
of
Pandarus
cranchii Leach.
view of female; egg-strings 8.5 mm. in length; fig. 125, Second

Second maxilliped; figs. 127 to 130, First, second, third, and fourth
swimming legs; fig. 131, Ventral view of genital segment and abdomen, showing the
abdomen (a), the anal laminae (a. I.), spermatophores (s) in position, and the horseshoe-shaped semen receptacle (s. r.); fig. 132, Dorsal view of male; fig. 133, Mouthtube and second maxillae; figs. 134 and 135, First and second maxillipeds; figs. 136 to
139, First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs.
Fig. 124, Dorsal
antenna;
fig.
126,
Plate XXIX.
The female
of
Pandarus smithii Rathbun.
mm. in length; fig. 142, Second antenna; figs.

and second maxillipeds; figs. 145 to 148, First, second, third, and
fourth swimming legs; fig. 149, Mouth-tube and second maxillae; fig. 150, Dorsal view
of young female, 3 mm. in length; fig. 151, Ventral view of abdomen and part of genital
143 and 144, First
segment.
Plate
XXX. The
male
of
Pandarus smithii Rathbun.
view of carapace, showing first and second

antennae and their adhesion pads; figs. 154 and 155, First and second maxillipeds;
fig. 156, Mandible; figs. 157 to 160, First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs;
fig. 161, Dorsal view of young female 4.5 mm. in length.
fig.
153, Ventral
NO. 1573.
Plate XXXI.
The female
of
489
Pandarun sntyrvs Dîna.
fig. 163, Second antenna;

and second maxillipeds; fig. 166, Mouth-tube and second
maxillae; figs. 167 to 170, First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs; fig. 171,
Ventral view of genital segment and abdomen, showing folding of internal oviducts,
the semen receptacle, spermatophores in position, and anal lamin#.
Fig. 162, Dorsal view, egg-strings not fully developed;
figs.
164
and
165, First
Plate XXXII.
Th(> female of
Pandarns sinuatns Say.
mm. in length; fig. 173, Second antenna; fig.

Mouth-tube and second maxilla?; figs. 175 and 176, First and second maxillipeds;
figs. 177 to 180, First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs; fig. 181, Ventral surface of genital segment and abdomen, showing abdomen (a), anal lamina? (a. I.),
cement glands (c. g.), and semen receptacle (s. r.); fig. 182, Dorsal view of young
174,
female, 4.5
mm.
in length.
Plate XXXIII.
The male
of
Pnndnrus
siniintiis
Say.
Figs. 183 and 184, Donsal and ventral views of the abdomen of a young female,
showing the sixth segment plate just beginning to grow; fig. 185, Dorsal view of male;
fig. 186, Second antenna; figs. 187 and 188, First and second maxillipeds; figs. 189 to
192, First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs fig." 193, Ventral surface of genital
segment, showing spermatophore receptacles and their coiled ducts.
;
Plate
XXXIV.
The femaie
of Nesippvfi alatiis Wilson.
mm. in length; fig. 195, First antenna and

Second antenna; fig. 197, Mouth-tube and second maxillae;
figs. 198 and 199, First and second maxillipeds; figs. 200 to 203, First, second, third,
and fourth swimming legs; fig. 204, Ventral surface of genital segment and abdomen,
showing cement glands and semen receptacle; fig. 205, Dorsal view of young female
Fig. 194, Dorsal view, egg-strings 13.5
adhesion pad;
mm.
fig.
196,
in length.
Plate
XXXV. The
male
of
Nesippus alatus Wilson.
fig. 207, First antenna, and its adhesion pad; fig. 208, Second
Mouth-tube and second maxilla;; fig. 210, First maxilliped figs. 211
second, third, and fourth swimming legs.
antenna;
fig.
to 214, First,
209,
Plate
XXXVI.
maxilla?;
third,
figs.
fig.
The male
of
Nesippus curticaudis Dana.
Second antenna;
216,
217,
fig.
218 and 219, First and second maxillipeds;
and fourth swimming
Plate XXXVII.
Second maxilliped;
figs,
Mouth-tube and second

220 to 223, First, second,
legs.
The male
fig.
figs.
225,
of
Nesippus
borealis
Second antenna;
fig.

226 First maxilliped;
228 1o 231, First, second, third,
Plate XXXVIII.
The female
fig.
and fourth swimming
of Cecrops latreilHi
227,
legs.
Leach.
Mouth-tube and second maxillae; fig. 234, Mandible;

fig. 235, Second maxilliped; figs. 236 to 240, First, second, third, and fourth swimming
legs; fig. 240, Ventral view of the fourth leg, showing fold of tissue which assists in
keeping the external egg-strings in place; fig. 241, Ventral view of genital segment and
abdomen in a young female; fig. 242, Dorsal view of young female 12 mm. in length.
fig.
233,
490
Plate
XXXIX. The
male
of Cecrops latreillii
vol. xxxiii.
Leach.
Fig. 243, Dorsal view; figs. 244 and 245, First and second antennae; fig. 246, Mouthtube and second maxillse; figs. 247 and 248, First and second maxillipeds; figs. 249 to
252, First, second, third, and fourth swimming legs; fig. 253, Ventral surface of genital
segment and abdomen of female, showing cement glands, spermatophores in position,
and the peculiar rolling of the lateral laminae of the abdomen; fig. 254, Ventral surface of female with external egg-cases, showing how the laminae of the abdomen are
unfolded and straightened out over the ventral surface of the external egg-cases.
Plate XL.
The female
maxillae;
fig.
258,
fig.
Mandible;
256,
figs.
of Orthagorisdcola muricata Kroyer.
Second antenna;
fig.
257,
Mouth-tube and second
259 and 260, First and second maxillipeds;
figs.
261
and fourth swimming legs; fig. 265, Ventral surface of

genital segment and abdomen, showing the coiling of the internal oviducts, spermatophores in position, and the lateral laminae of the abdomen.
to 264, First, second, third,
The male and a chalimus
Plate XLI.
view
Fig. 266, Dorsal
of
second, third, and fourth

of genital
third,
segment;
fig.
male;
274, Dorsal
and fourth swimming
Plate
fig.
267,
swimming legs;
view
of Orthagorisdcola muricata Kroyer.
Second maxilliped;
figs.
of
272
and
figs.
273, Dorsal
chalimus;
figs.
268 to 271, First,
and ventral surfaces
275 to 278, First, second,
legs.
XUI. The
female of Philorthragoriscus serratus Kroyer.
fig. 280, Mouth-tube and second maxillae; fig. 281, Mandibles;

Second maxilliped; figs. 283 to 286, First, second, third, and fourth swimming
legs; figs. 287 and 288, Ventral and dorsal views of the genital segment and abdomen;
fig. 289, Spermatophores in position.
fig.
282,
Plate XLIII.
maxillipeds;
and
third
fig.
294,
swimming
The male
fig.
Exopod
legs.
291,
of Philorthragoriscus serratus
Second antenna;
of first
swimming leg
figs.
Kroyer.
292 and 293, First an(^ second
enlarged;
figs.
295 and 296, Second
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The Female of Perissopus communis, and the variety

stimpsoni.
PL. XVII
U.
S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The Male
of Perissopus communis.
PL. XVIII
U. S.
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The Female of Echthrogaleus coleoptratus.

PL. XIX
U. S.
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PROCEEDINGS. VOL. XXXIII
The Female of Echthrogaleus denticulatus.

PL.
XX
U. S.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXIIl
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The Female of Echthrogaleus
torpedinis.
PL. XXI
U. S.
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The Female of Dinematura
ferox.
PL. XXII
U. S.
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The Female of Dinematura product a.

PL. XXIII
U. S.
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The Female of Dinematura
latifoli^
PL.
XXIV
U. S.
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105
The Male of Dinematura
latifolia.
PL.
XXV
U. S.
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108
The Male of Pandarus
brevicaudis.
PL.
XXVI
U. S.
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The Female of Pandarus
bicolor.
PL. XXVII
U. S.
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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXlll
The Male and Female of Pandarus
cranchii.
For explanatjon of plate see page 488.
PL. XXVIII
U. S.
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An Adult and
Young Female of Pandarus
smithii.
PL.
XXIX
U. S.
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161
The Male and
Young Female of Pandarus
smithil
PL.
XXX
U. S-
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satyrus.
PL.
XXXI
U. S.
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sinuatus.
PL.
XXXII
U. S.
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The Male
of Pandarus sinuatus.
PL. XXXIll
U.
S.
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An Adult and
Young Female of Nesippus alatus.
PL.
XXXIV
U. S.
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206
nm
The Male of Nesippus
alatus.
PL.
XXXV
U. S.
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curtTiCAUDis.
PL.
XXXVI
U. S.
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borealis.
For explanation of plate see pa&e 489.
PL.
XXXVII
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
232
The Female of Cecrops
latreillii.
PL
XXXVIH
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The Male of Cecrops
latreillii.
For explanation of plate see page 4S0.
PL.
XXXIX
U. S.
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The Female
of Orthagoriscicola muricata.
PL.
XL
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
W
The Male and
a Chalimus of Orthagoriscicola muricata.

PL. XLI
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXill
The Female of Philorthragoriscus
serratus.
PL. XLIl
U. S.
PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXIIl
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The Male
of Philorthragoriscus serratus.
PL. XLIII
THE PYRAMIDELLID M0LLUSK8 OF THE OREGONIAN

FAUNAL AREA.
By William Heale:y Dall and Paul Bartsch.
0/ the Diiision of Mollusks,
U. S.
National Museum.
INTRODUCTION.
The completion of the nionooraph of West American Pja-amidelupon which the authors of the present paper have for some years
been at work, being delayed by various causes though in large part
long ready for the printer it was thought best to select from it, for
lidte
immediate publication, the portion relating to the Oregonian fauna,

which to a considerable extent is complete in itself, pending the completion of details relating to other faunal areas of the coast.
For the purposes of the present paper, subject to future modification

with greater knowledge, the fauna here named Oregonian extends from
the northern limit of the Alexander Archipelago southward along the
The limits of any fauna are
coast to Point Conception, California.
never quite absolute, there is alwaj's a partial merging of the peripheral population with that of the adjacent faunal areas, but the proportion of Pyramidellid species in the present case, which are held in
common with the faunas northwest and southeast of that here called
Oregonian, is noticeably small.
Attention is called to the fact that it is a" Pyramidellid fauna which is
here discussed. The general moUuscan fauna, still more the general
invertebrate fauna of the coast in question, may or may not eventually be found to agree in distribution with our Pyramidellids.
That
is a question which we are not ready to decide at the present time and
which will demand much more time and study than it has yet been
possible to give to it.
Collections over this long stretch of coast, comprising some 22 degrees
of latitude, or more than 1,300 geographical miles, have naturally been
concentrated at the most accessible points, while there are long
stretches of coast without harbors where as yet no collections whatever have been made. Neglecting the deep-sea dredgings, which have
Proceedings U.
S.
574.
491

492
vol.xxxiii.
afforded hardly any Pyramidellids in the area under consideration, the

principal localities where collections have been made are: Sitka; the
region about the eastern end of Vancouver Island, including the Straits
of Fuca, the Gulf of Georgia, and
Puget Sound; the
vicinity of
San
Francisco, California; and Monterey Bay.

It is well to note that in the great archipelago
Sound there
Strait to Cross
is
marked
extending fronn Fuca
difference between the fauna
of the inner channels, which have their waters chilled by the discharges from a multitude of glacial streams, and that of the outer
washed by the comparatively warmer waters of the

Many southern forms creep up along the outer coast
which are unknown from the inland bays and channels.
coast,
which
is
Pacific Ocean.
From the paucity of information in regard to a considerable part of

the coast referred to, generalizations as to distribution at present can
at best be of a purely tentative character,
and are therefore submitted
with due reserve.
The recognition
of
new
species
their discoveries under the
for several years, and
data should be
and the distribution by collectors of

has been going on
new manuscript names
it
seems essential that the publication of the
made with
as little delay as possible, in order that these
names may be used
in local lists
and other places without leading to
confusion.
The junior author has prepared the
text of this paper, with the
exception of this introduction, and the part of the senior author has
been chiefly the collecting of material for study and an editorial

The drawings of
the species were in part prepared by the late Dr. J. C. McConnell and,
since his death, chiefly by Miss Evelyn Mitchell.
supervision of details, including the text herewith.
Genus
TURBONILLA
Risso.
Turhonilla Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer., IV, 1826, p.
224= Euturhonilla Semper,
Arch. Nat. Fr. Meek., 1861, pp. 354-361.
Shell with sinistral apex, cylindro-conic,

slender; with a single columellar fold
frequently
Type.
is
many whorled,
which varies
generally
in strength
and
not visible in the aperture.
Turhonilla typlca Dall and Bartsch.
In the preparation of the present diagnoses the following terminology is used:

"Axial sculpture," the markings which extend from the summit of the whorls
toward the umbilicus.
The axial sculpture may be
"Vertical," when the markings are in general parallelism with the axis of
the shell.
"Protractive," when the markings slant forward from the preceding suture.
"Retractive," when the markings slant backward from the suture.
"Spiral sculpture," the markings following the directions of the coils of the
whorls.
N0.1574.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLTD.E BALL AND BARTSCH.
The following
493
6 of the 23 recognized subgenera are represented in
the present faunal area: TurhoniUa
s. s.,
Chemnitzia^ StrloturhoniUa^
Pyrgolan(pro.% Pyrgiscv.s, and Morwvla.

KEY TO SUBCiENERA OF TURBONILLA.
Shell with spiral sculpture:
Morm iila
Varices present
p. 510.
Varices absent.
Spiral sculpture consisting of
many
very tine incised striations.
Aperture subquadrate
Aperture oval
StrioturhunJIla v. 495.
Pyrgolamproa
p. 498.
Spiral sculpture consisting of strong, incised spiral grooves. .Pynjisciiii p. 504.
Shell without spiral sculpture:
Ribs interrupted at the periphery

Ribs continuing over the base
Subgenus
TURBONILLA
Risso,
s.
Chemnitzia
p. 494.
Tarbomlla
p. 493.
s.
TurhonUla Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. Mer., IV, 1826, p. 224; =EutnrhonUla Semper
(part), Arch. Nat. Fr. Meek., 1861, pp. 354-361.
Turbonillas without spiral sculpture, having prominent vertical ribs

which extend from the summits of the whorls to the umbilical region;
Usuall}" both ribs and interthe same is true of the intercostal spaces.
costal spaces are less strongly defined on the base, below the periphery,
than on the exposed portion of the whorls above it. Columella straight
All our West Coast forms belonging to this
or slightly twisted.
subgenus are small and slender, of semitranslucent bluish-white to
milk-white color.
TarhonlUd typica Dall and Bartsch, T. iMcata Risso, 1826,
Type.
not Turbo plicat us Rrocchi, 1814.
TURBONILLA (TURBONILLA)
Plate
XLIV,
GILLI, new
species.
fig. 5.
Nuclear whorls
later ones flat,
broader at the summit than at the suture; sculpture of about fourteen
strong, almost vertical, scalariform axial ribs on the second, and sixteen quite protractive ones on the succeeding whorls; on the penultimate turn, however, they are less oblique than on those preceding it.
These ribs are very strongly developed at the summit of the whorls
and render the deepl}^ channeled suture decidedly coronated. Intercostal spaces deep, of about double the width of the ribs, interrupted
suddenly at the decidedly angulated (almost keeled) periphery of the
last whorl beyond which the}^ reappear.
Base strongly contracted,
quite short, marked by the faint continuations of the axial ribs which
extend to the umbilical region. Outer lip fractured; aperture? columella very strong, somewhat curved and revolute, provided with a
Shell small, rather stout, inflated, dirty white.
decollated, early post-nuclear whorls well rounded,
subobsolete oblique fold.
494
vol.
xxxm.
The type and another specimen
(Cat. No. 163009, U.S.N.M.) were

by Mr. H. Hemphill at San Diego, California. The type has
eight post-nuclear whorls, and measures: Length 3.3 mm., diameter
collected
mm.
Two other
1.1
examined
lots
belonging to the University of California have been
one, a single specimen, comes from Station 30
The other three specimens were obtained
Island.
off Catalina
San
at Station 47,
Diego, California.
TURBONILLA (TURBONILLA) GILLI DELMONTENSIS, new subspecies.

Plate
Shell, similar to T. gilll^ but
XLIV,
fig. 7.
much more stout and
less turreted,
with
the ribs less strongly developed and the peripheral thickening only
weakly represented. The tj^pe has lost the nuclear whorls, the eight
remaining measure: Length 3.4 ram., diameter 1.2 mm.
Type.OdX. No. 195921, U.S.N.M. It was collected by Mr. S. S.
Berry in 12 fathoms off Del Monte, Monterey, California.
CHEMNITZIA
Subgenus
Chemnitzia D'Orbigny,
Nat.
Hist.
Semper (part), Archiv. Nat.

Sandberger, 1874.
lies
D'Orbigny.
Canaries,
1839, p.
77;
=Euturbonilla
Fr. Meek., 1861, pp. 354-361; =Microbeliscus
Turbonillas without spiral sculpture, having prominent axial ribs

which fuse or terminate at the periphery. The intercostal spaces are
deep and sunken and terminate at or a little above the periphery,
extending upward to the summits of the whorls. Base smooth, devoid
of all sculpture.
Columella straight. All our West American species
belonging to this group are small, slender, forms of semitranslucent
bluish-white to milk-white color.
Ti/pe.
Melania campanellse Philippi.

KEY TO SPECIES OF CHEMNITZIA.
Shell large, length 10
Shell small, length 5
mm. or more
mm. or less
montereyensis.
muricatoides.
TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA?) MONTEREYENSIS,

= Turbondla
gracillima
Gabb, Proc. Cala. Acad.
new name.
Sci., 1865, p. 186;
not Chemnitzia
gracillima Carpenter, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1856, p. 431.
Mr. Gabb's description
is
as follows:
Shell small, very slender, long, white; vertex broken; whorls eleven or more, flattened on the sides; sutures strongly impressed, ribs about 23, large, obtuse, running
from the suture to the margin of the base, base convexly truncated, smooth, aperture
subcircular; cokimella thick.
Length 10 mm., diameter 3.3 mm.
Habitat, Monterey, California; Dr. J. G. Cooper collector. This shell can be readily
distinguished by its extremely slender form and the strong, slightly oblique ribs.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLTD.I^DALL AND BARTSCH. 495
N0.1574.
The type, according
Mr. Gabb,
to
is
in the collection
of the Cali-
fornia Geological Survey," but appears to have been misplaced or lost.
From
the description
T. to/'fjuata,
we
are led to believe that
it is
a form similar to
but of considerably broader spire.
TURBONILLA (CHEMNITZIA) MURICATOIDES,

XLIV,
Plate
figs. 2,
new
species.
2a.
Shell small, slender, subdiaphanous to milk white; nuclear whorls

having their axis at
2i, helicoid but slightly elevated, well rounded,
Post-nuclear whorls
right angles to the axis of the post-nuclear turn.
smooth, rather high between the sutures, moderately rounded, marked
by strong sublamellar axial ribs, which are about half as wide as the
spaces that separate them, and extend strongly to the very summit of
There
the whorl where they render the well-marked sutures crenulate.
are l-i of these ribs upon the first, 18 upon the tifth, and 20 upon the
penultimate turn. The depressed intercostal spaces terminate abruptly
Base of the last whorl well rounded, smooth, withat the^periphery.
out sculpture. Aperture: (outer lip fractured), columella slender,
slightly twisted.
The type has seven post-nuclear turns and measures: Length 3.0 mm.
diameter 1.0 mm. It is Cat. No. 195942, U.S.N.M., and comes from
Monterey, California. Another specimen. Cat. No. 160488, U.S.N.M.,
was collected
b}^
Doctor Dall
at the
same
place.
Subgenus STRIOTURBONILLA Sacco.

Striolurboidlla Sacco, I Moll, del
Piemonte e della Liguria,
Shell as in TurhoniUa and Chemn'itzla but

striated
Type.
tinel}^
1892, p. 94.
and closeh^
sjîrally
on the spire and base.
S.
All our
alpina Sacco.
West American
species, with the exception of T.
T. smithsoni^ are of bluish-white to milk-white color; the
cfffinls and
two excep-
tions being of a yellowish cast.
KEY TO
SPECIES OF STRIOTURBONILLA.
Whorls overhanging, shell stout

Whorls not overhanging, shell slender
Whorls strongly rounded, ribs sinuous
Whorls almost flattened, ribs straight
Vancouverensis.
stylma.
seme.
TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) VANCOUVERENSIS

Plate
XLIV,
Baird.
fig. 1.
Chemnitziavancouverensis Baird, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1863, p. 67.
and stout, subdiaphanous, bluish to milkNuclear whorls two, large, helicoid, partly obliquely immersed
in the first of the later turns.
Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, with
Shell solid, rather broad
white.
a Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1865, p. 183.
496
vol. xxxiii.
the greatest convexity on the lower half of the exposed portion; orna-
mented by about
10, very broad, strong, slightly protractive axial

on the second, 14 on the fifth, 16 on the eighth, and 18 on the
penultimate whorl. These ribs terminate before thev reach the
periphery of the whorl, leaving a phiin band above the suture, as in
T. torquata Gould, but not as broad as in that species.
Intercostal
spaces deep, narrower than the ribs.
Sutures well marked by the
shouldering at the summit and the sudden sloping of the ribs just
above the periphery of the whorls. Aperture subovate; lip thin,
joining the short, somewhat revolute columella in a gentle, even curve.
Entire surface marked by faint wavy spiral striations. The specimen
figured has 10 post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 6.0 mm.,
diameter 1.8 mm. Another specimen from the same locality, which
has 12 post-nuclear whorls, but is minus the nucleus and probabl}^ the
first of the succeeding turns, measures: Length 9.2 mm., diameter 2.5
ribs
mm.
This species resembles T. torquata Gould, but can easily be distinguished from it by its broader base, its large, partly immersed, slanting
nucleus, and the robust character of its whorls and ribs, the latter being
fewer and much broader; the intercostal spaces being comparatively
narrower. Doctor Baird's type was collected at Esquimalt Harbor,
Vancouver
Island, British Columbia.

Specimens examined.
2.
1.
1.
4.
1.
Kadiak Island, Alaska. 13 fathoms. W. H. Dall. Cat. No. 160489, U.S.N.M.

LituyaBay, Alaska. 8 fathoms. W. H. Dall. Cat. No. 160490, U.S.N.M.
Port Etches, Alaska.
W. H. Dall. Cat. No. 160993, U.S.N.M.
Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
C. F. Newcombe,
Cat. No.
126670, U.S.N.M.
Puget Sound, Washington. Doctor Kennerley. Cat. No. 44938, U.S.N.M.
1.
Monterey, California. 28 fathoms. S. S. Berry. In Mr. Berry's collection.

CarterBay, British Columbia. Rev. G. W. Taylor. Cat. No. 196184, U.S.N.M.
Carter Bay, British Columbia. Rev. G. W. Taylor. Rev. G. W. Taylor col-
3.
Port Simpson,
1.
1.
lection.
11.
British Columbia.
Rev. G. W. Taylor. Cat. No. 196183,
U.S.N.M.
Port Simpson, British Columbia. Rev. G. W. Taylor. Rev. G. W. Taylor
collection.
2.
West
1.
Taylor collection.
Alert Bay, British Columbia.
Rev. G.
of
Taylor.
Rose
Spit,
Rev. G.
Queen Charlotte
Rev. G.
W.
W.
W.
Taylor.
Rev. G.
W. Taylor
collection.
20.
Departure Bay, British Columbia.
Rev. G.
W.
Taylor.
Rev. G. W. Taylor
collection.
5.
Departure Bay, British Columbia.

U.S.N.M.
Rev. G.
W.
Taylor.
Cat. No.
196185,
NO. 1574.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLID^- BALL AND BARTSCH. 497
TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) STYLINA

Plate
Chemnitzia {ftorquata var.
XV,
XLIV,
stylina
figs. 11,
Carpenter.
11a.
Carpenter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, 3rd
ser.,
1865, p. 396.
TurboniUa {SirioturhoniUa) torquatn styllna Ba^ll and Bartsch,
Mem.
Câla.
Acad.,
Ill, 1903, p. 272, in part.
Nuclear whorls two,

Shell ylender, subdiaphanous to milk-white.
smooth, depressed, helicoid, scarcely extending bej'ond the outline of
the spire and having their axis at right angles to the axis of the
succeeding turns. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, separated by
strongly constricted sutures, rather high, ornamented b}^ rather low,
broad, rounded, sinuous, oblique axial ribs, of which there are 16
upon the first, 20 upon the fifth, and 28 upon the penultimate turn.
Intercostal spaces moderately depressed, about as wide as the ribs,
terminating a short distance above the sutures, thus leaving a narrow

smooth band between the termination of the ribs and the suture as in
T {Strioturhonill(()
tonjuata Gould, but not quite as wide as in that

Periphery of the last whorl well rounded. Base rather
Entire surface marked by very fine wavy spiral
short, well rounded.
Aperture subovate, outer lip thin, columella slender,
striations.
moderately long, slightlv twisted, almost vertical. The specimen
described and figured (Cat. No. 56429, U.S.N.M.) was collected by
Doctor Dall in 8 or 10 fathoms at Monterey, California. It has 11
post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 6.5 mm., diameter 1.7 mm.
(not 8 and 1.9 mm., as erroneously stated in the last-cited reference).
Another specimen was dredged in 12 fathoms ofi:' Del Monte, Monterey,
by Mr. S. S. Berry (Cat. No. 165199, U.S.N.M.). Two specimens
(Cat. No. 163249, U.S.N.M.), both immature, dredged by the Bureau
of Fisheries steamer Alhatrotis at station 2932 in 50 fathoms off Coronado Island, are provisionally referred to this form.
species.
TURBONILLA (STRIOTURBONILLA) SERRÊ,

Plate
XLIV,
new
species.
figs. 8, 8rr.
Shell slender, very elongate-conic, subdiaphanous to milk-white.

Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls very high between
the sutures, moderatel}^ rounded, slightly contracted at the periphery
and somewhat shouldered at the summit, rendering the sutures subThe whorls are marked by subequal and subequally
channelled.
spaced, rather broad, rounded, almost vertical axial ribs, which are a
little wider than the intercostal spaces; the depressed portion of the
In the type, which has
latter terminating a little above the suture.
lost the nucleus and probablj^ the first two post-nuclear turns, there are
16 ribs on the third of the remaining whorls, 20 on the eighth, 22 upon
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
32
498
vol. xxxni.
the eleventh, and 34 upon the next, the penultimate turn. On this
whorl the axial ribs are less regular and less strongly developed, show-
ing senile degeneration. Peripher}' of the last whorl well rounded.

Base short, well rounded, marked by slender continuations of the axial
Entire
ribs which extend feebly to the insertion of the columella.
surface of spire and base crossed by numerous closely placed spiral
Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle obtuse, outer lip
striations.
somewhat oblique, and slightl}^ revolute,

without apparent fold in the aperture. The type has 13 whorls and
measures: Length 7.7 mm., diameter lA mm.
The type and seven specimens were collected by Mr. S. S. Berr}^ in
12 fathoms ofi' Del Monte, Monterey, California, five of these are in
Mr. Berry's collection, the type and one other form Cat. No. 196198,
U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 196200, U.S.N.M., contains a specimen from 40
fathoms off Pacific Grove, Monterey, California, dredged l)y Mr.
Berry. Another specimen in Mr. Berry's collection was dredged in
shelly sand at Monterey, California, at a depth of 29 fathoms.
This species is nearest related to StrlotiirhnuUla styllna Carpenter,
thin, columella rather strong,
but can readily be distinguished from it by its less rounded whorls,

straighter and much stronger ribs, and ])\" having the ribs continuing
over the base and scarcely an}' space showing between the termination
of the intercostal spaces and the suture.
Subgenus
Pyrgolampros Sacco,
I.
PYROOLAMPROS
Sacco.
Moll, del Piemonte e della Liguria, 1892, p. 85.
Turbonillas with low, broad, rounded vertical ribs which almost

always disappear as they pass over the periphery and base of the last
whorl, and many very fine, faint, wavy spiral striations; surface
covered by a thin epidermis. Columella usuall}' somewhat flexuose.

P. Tnloperplicatuius Sacco.
Ti/pe.
All our west American species are of a light-yellow to chocolatebrown color. The intercostal spaces are not depressed as in Chentnitzia^ but appear as simple shallow undulations between the axial
The spiral striations, in perfect specimens, appear as if they
ribs.
were situated beneath the light-colored epidermis and were shining
through
it.
KEY TO SPECIES OK PYRGOLAMPROS.

Vertical ribs present
Shell large, adult
more than
Shell less than 10
mm.
long
10 mm. long
when adult.
(dark brown)
taylori.
brown banded.
Space between the sutures dark l)rown with two light brown bands.
Shell very slender,
berryi.
Space between the sutures white on the

the anterior half ,
jjosterior half
and brown on
lyalli.
N0.1574.
WEST AMERICAN rYRAMIBELLW.r.DALL AND BARTSCH. 499

Shell rather stout, yellow.
Whorls concave between the sutures. ,

Whorls not concave between the sutures.
Shell stout and stubby
virfnrimia.
valdezi.
Shell broadly conic.
TTnifonnly golden-yellow
(iiirantia.
Anterior half between the sutures yellow, posterior half white.

iiem'omhei.
Vertical ribs obsolete
oregonnifiis.
TURBONILLA PYRGOLAMPROS) TAYLORI,

(
Plate
XLIV,
new
Shell very reg-ularly elong-ate-conic, purplish-brown.
marked by numerous
species.
tigs. 9, 9r/.
Entire
.sur-
minute spiral striations.

Nuclear whorls small, depressed helicoid, smooth, scarcely at all
immersed, haying their axis at a right angle to that of the later turns,
the sides not projecting beyond the outline of the spire.
Post-nuclear
whorls quite high between the sutures, only slightl}^ contracted
toward the periphery and yery weakly beyeled at the appressed
summits, marked by low, broad, retractiye axial ribs, which are
much more numerous and less strongly defined on the early whorls
than on those succeeding. There are about 36 on the second, 30
upon the third, 24 upon the fourth, and 26 upon the antepenultimate
post-nuclear turn.
On the las-t whorl the}" become irregular and
irregularly spaced, showing senility.
The ribs become flattened and
less strongl}^ detined toward the summit and the periphery, disappearing- at the well-rounded peripher3\
Sutures well marked. Base
short, inflated, rounded.
Aperture suboval, somewhat efluse anteriorly, posterior angle acute; outer lip thin, white edged, chestnut
brown within except at the yer}^ base, which is white; columella slender, twisted, and slightly reyolute anteriorl}".
The aboye description is based upon two cotypes (Cat. No. 196210,
U.S.N.M.): one, an immature specimen haying the nucleus and 9
post-nuclear whorls measures: length 6.5 mm., diameter 1.9 mm., the
other an adult indiyidual having 10 whorls (is minus the nucleus and
probably the first fiye post-nuclear turns) and measures: length 11.5
mm., diameter 3.1 mm.
The two cotypes and 30 specimens were collected by the Key. G. W.
Taylor at Departure Bay, British Columbia. The cotype and fiye
specimens are in the U. S. National Museum (Cat. No. 196210). The
rest are in the Taylor collection.
This species was collected at fiye additional stations in British
Columbia by the Rey. Doctor Taylor, all the specimens being in his collection except where otherwise stated.
One specimen at Carter Bay;
3 at Port Simpson, 1 of which is Cat. No. 196211, U.S.N.M.; 11 at
Banks Island, 3 of which are Cat. No. 196212, U.S.N.M.; 6 at Alert
Bay, 2 of which are Cat. No. 196213, U.S.N.M.
face
closely placed
500
TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) BERRYI,

XLIV,
Plate
new
vol.
xxxm.
species.
figs. 10, lOa.
Shell slender, very regularly acutely conic, bright-chestnut brown,

with two narrow spiral bands of a lighter shade; one, the narrower of
the two, is at the periphery, the other has its posterior edge at about
Nuclear
the middle of the exposed portion between the sutures.
turns 2i, smooth, depressed, helicoid, not inmiersed, having their
axis at a right angle to the axis of the later whorls, their sides proPostnuclear whorls
jecting slightly beyond the outlines of the spire.
very high between the sutures, slightly beveled at the summit and
moderately constricted at the periphery, ornamented by well-developed, acute, retractive axial ribs, of which there are about 20 upon
the second, 24 upon the fifth, and 26 upon the penultimate turn.
These ribs extend quite strongly to the summit, where they feebly
Periphery and base of the last
crenulate the well-impressed sutures.
whorl well rounded, marked by the continuations of the axial ribs,

which gradually disappear as they cross the base. Entire surface
marked b}- numerous very line, closel}^ spaced, wav}', spiral striation.
Aperture suboval, somewhat effuse anteriorl}^; posterior angle acute;
columella oblique, very slightly twisted and weakly revolute at its
outer extremity.
No. 196223, U.S.N.M.) has 9 post-nuclear whorls

and measures: Length S mm., diameter 2.2 mm. It and another
specimen in Mr. S. S. Berry's collection were dredged b}' him in 39
fathoms on sandy bottom in Monterey Ba3^
Another specimen (Cat. No. 196225, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by the
Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross, at Station 4561, in 9 to 10
fathoms, rock}' bottom, with a temperature of 59"^, 2 miles off Santa
The type
(Cat.
Cruz Light, Montere}^ Bay, California.

A fourth shell (Cat. No. 196224, U.S.N.M.) was dredged
in 52
fathoms, off Catalina Island, California.
TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) LYALLI,

Plate
XLIV,
figs. 4,
new
species.
4a.
Shell small and slender with strong sculpture, whitish with a broad
chestnut band which extends almost halfway over the exposed portion of the whorls above the peripher}' and an equal distance anteri-
Nuclear whorls two, closely

appressed to each other, forming a polished depressed helicoid spire,
which does not extend beyond the outline of the post-nuclear spire, is
orly over the base below the peripher3\
not at
all
immersed and has
its
axis at right angles to the axis of the
succeeding turns. Post-nuclear whorls decidedl}^ flattened, moderately contracted at the periphery, and slightly shouldered at the
N0.1574.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLID.E BALL AND BARTSCH. 501
summit, ornamented by strongly elevated, moderately broad, rounded

retractive axial ribs, which become somewhat flattened toward the
summit and peripher}" of the turns. There are about 22 ribs upon
the second, 20 upon the fifth and the penultimate turn.
Upon the first
they are very weakly expressed.
Intercostal spaces broad, almost
double the width of the ribs. Sutures strong-l}" impressed. Periphery
and base of the last whorl well rounded, marked by the continuations
Entire
of the axial ribs which extend feebly to the umbilical region.
surface marked by numerous closely placed spiral striations.
Aperture pyriform, posterior angle acute, columella almost straight,
obliquely inserted, slightly revôlute.
The unique type (Cat. No. 196221, U.S.N.M.) was collected by

Rev. G. W. Taylor at Banks Island, British Columbia. It has 9 postnuclear turns and measures: Length 5.7 mm., diameter 1.4 mm.
TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) VICTORIANA,

Plate
XLIV,
new
species.
tig. 6.
Shell elongate-conic, wax yellow to light brown.

Nuclear whorls
and the early succeeding turns eroded in all the specimens examined.
Post-nuclear whoils quite high between the sutures, somewhat concave in the posterior two-thirds of the exposed portion, only slightly
contracted toward the periphery and faintly shouldered at the summit; ornamented b}^ low, rounded, somewhat sinuous axial ribs, which
are about as wide as the shallow intercostal spaces.
Sutures well
marked. Peripher}" and base of the last whorl somewhat inflated,
marked by weak continuations of the axial ribs which extend feebly
Entire surface crossed by numerous, wavy
to the umbilical region.
spiral striations.
Aperture rather elongate, oval, outer lip thin;
columella moderately long, decidedly twisted and somewhat revolute
in its free anterior portion; the twist at its insertion appearing as a
fold.
The type
No. 126660, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Dr. C. F.

Vancouver Island, British Columbia. It has
the last seven and a half whorls and measures: Length 7 mm., diameter 2.1 mm.
Ten additional specimens were collected by Rev. G. W.
Taylor, at Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, -t of
which form Cat. No. 196220, U.S.N.M.
This species appears nearest related to Turhon.'dla {Pi/iyolantprox)
nevjcombei Dall and Bartsch, but is readily distinguished from that
form bv its concave whorls.
Newcombe
(Cat.
at Victoria,
502
TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) VALDEZI,

Plate
Turbonilla
XLIV,
{Fyrgokmipro.s) gihbona
Ill, 1903, pp. 27-9, pi.
Maz. Shells, 1857,
I,
p. 430,
new
species.
figs. 3, 3a.
Dall and Bartsch, Mem.
figs. 2, 2a,
vol. xxxiii.
not Chemnitzia
gibhosit
Gala. Acad. Sci.,
Carpenter, Cat.
No. 525.
Shell inflated, robust, broad and stumpy, of light, fulvous colora-
Nuclear whorls decollated in the type. Post-nuclear whorls

somewhat contracted at the periphery and rounded at the
summit, traversed by broad, coarse, irregularly slanting axial ribs,
which extend over the inflated periphery of the last whorl to the
umbilical region, appearing less prominent on the base.
About 10 of
these ribs occur upon the second, 18 upon the lifth, and 21 upon the
penultimate post-nuclear whorl. Entire surface of the shell crossed b}^
very minute, close spiral striation. Suture subchanneled and wavy.
Aperture ovate, outer lip thin, joining the twisted and re volute columella in a broad curve.
The type (Cat. No. 32273, U.S.N.M.) was collected at Monterey,
California.
It has 7 post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length
5.6 mm., diameter 2.1 mm.
Another specimen, not quite adult (Cat. No. 176621, U.S.N.M.),
comes from Pacific Grove, California. This has the nuclear whorls
preserved, which are two, depressed helicoid, smooth, obliquel}" about
one-fourth immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, and having
tion.
flattened,
their axis at right angles to that of the later whorls.

its
The
left side of
nucleus projects slightly be3ônd the outline of the spire.
The present form
is
in
every
way nuich more
gibhosa Carpenter, which was descrilêd
robust than T. (P.)
from Mazatlan, Mexico.
TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) AURANTIA

Plate
Chemnitzia (?var.
XLV,
Carpenter.
fig. 5.
aurantia Carpenter, Journ. de Conch., XII, 1865 (3d ser.,
v.), p. 147.
Shell similar to T. (P.) cliocolata Carpenter, but
the close spiral striation a
little
much
more pronounced than
broader, with
in that species,
covered by a golden-jêllow epidermis. Nuclear whorls decollated in

our specimens.
Post-miclear whorls moderately rounded, but
little contracted at base and but very slightly shouldered at the summit, ornamented by about 22 moderatel}^ developed, slightly retractive
axial ribs on each of the whorls.
These ribs become quite obsolete as
they pass over the well-rounded periphery and base of the last whorl.
Sutures quite
Intercostal spaces weak, much narrower than the ribs.
prominent, simple. Aperture large, broadly ovate, posterior angle
obtuse, somewhat efl'use at base; outer lip thin, columella slender,
all
quite oblique, twisted, and revolute.
NO. 1674.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLID^-DALL AND BARTSCH. 503
Doctor Carpenter's type (Cat. No. 4493/a U.S.N. M.), upon which
is based, has 6 post-nuclear whorls and measures:
Length 5.8 mm.; diameter 2.4 mm. It bears the two localities Puget
Sound and Santa Barbara, înd probably comes from Puget Sound.
Three other specimens (Cat. No. 126660, U.S.N.M.) were collected
by Dr. C. F. Newcombe at Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and five more by the Kev. G. W. Taylor at Departure Bay, British
Columbia, one of which is Cat. No. 196205, U.S.N.M., the others
being in the Taylor collection. This one has 9 whorls remaining and
measures: Length 9.5 mm.; diameter 2.8 mm.
the description
TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) NEWCOMBEI, new

Plate
XLV,
species.
fig. 6.
Shell regular!}", broadly conic, white on the posterior half and light
brown on the anterior
half of the exposed portion of the whorl; base

Nuclear whorls decollated in all the specimens seen. Postnuclear whorls somewhat overhanging, decidedly contracted toward
the periphery from the anterior fifth of the exposed part; almost
flattened posterior to this, and closely appressed at the summit, sepaRibs about 18 upon all the turns,
rated by strongly marked sutures.
almost vertical, moderately elevated, rounded in the middle, decidedl}'
flattened and widened at the summit, disappearing at the periphery.
Intercostal spaces not depressed below the general surface, a little
wider than the ribs. Periphery and the moderately long base well
rounded, smooth, excepting the fine spiral striation which covers the
entire surface of the shell.
Aperture subquadrate, posterior angle
acute; outer lip thin, showing the color bands within; columella
slender, oblique and slightly revolute.
The type (Cat. No. 126660, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Dr. C. F.
Newcoml)e, at Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. It has 7
post-nuclear whorls which measure: Length 5.4 mm., diameter 2.1 mm.
Eighteen additional specimens were collected by Rev. G. W. Taylor
at Port Simpson, British Columbia, 12 of which are in his collection,
the other 6 form Cat. No. 196214, U.S.N.M.
white.
TURBONILLA (PYRGOLAMPROS) OREGONENSIS,

Plate
XLV,
new
species.
fig. 2.
two yellowish-brown spiral

little above the
periphery, wdiile the anterior one, which is a little wider, is immediately posterior to it, the two ])eing separated by a space about as
wide as the posterior band. Nuclear whorls decollated in all our
Shell elongate-conic, wax-yellow, with
bands, the posterior one of which encircles the turns a
specimens.
Post-nuclear turns very slightly rounded,
moderately
contracted at the periphery and closely appressed to the preceding turn
504
vol.
xxxm.
There are no well-defined ribs, the axial sculpture

mere lines of growth with here and there a weakly
representing an obsolete intercostal space.
probably
impressed area,
Periphery of the last whorl faintly
impressed.
Sutures strongl}^
Entire surface marked by fine,
rounded.
short,
well
Base
angulated.
Aperture pyriform, posterior angle
regular, close, spiral striation.
at the summit.
being reduced to
acute; outer lip thin, columella

at its
somewhat
twisted, scarcely re volute
free end.
The type has 8i whorls remaining which measure: Length 8.5 mm.,
diameter 2.7 mm. It and another specimen (Cat. No. 181112, U.S.N. M.)
were dredged by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at Station No. 2885 off Oregon, in 30 fathoms, with a bottom
temperature of 49.
Another specimen (Cat. No. 196222, U.S.N.M.) was dredged at
Station No. 2868, off the coast of Washington, in 31 fathoms on gray
sand with a bottom temperature of 46.9.
The absence of ribs differentiates this form from all the other PyrgoIt is allied to two species not yet
lam.2Jros mentioned in this paper.
described, one of which belongs to the Californian and the other to the
Alaskan fauna.
Subgenus PYRGISCUS Philippi.
Pyrgiscus Philippi, Wieg. Arch.,
Medit, 1884,
p. 89.
I,
1841, p. bO.
Pyrgostelis
Ortostelis Aradas, Atti
Montekosato, Conch.
Dell Acad. Giov. di Catania, 1843,
XX.
Turbonillas having prominent vertical ribs and deeply incised spiral
lines,
but no varices or internal lirations on the outer
usually
Ti/pe.
somewhat
lip.
Columella
flexuous.
Melan'i.a rufa Philippi.

KEY TO SPECIES OF PYRGISCUS.
canjieldi.
Axial ribs terminatino; at tlie periphery
Axial ribs passing feebly over the periphery and base of the last whorl.
Periphery of the last whorl angulated.
morchi.
Ribs retractive
antestrlata.
Ribs vertical
Periphery of the last whorl well rounded.
eucosmobasis.
Adult shell more than 10 mm. long
tenuicula.
Ad ult shell less than 7 mm. long
Axial ribs extending prominently over the periphery and base of the last whorl,
castanea.
TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) CANFIELDI, new

Plate
XLVII,
figs. 4,
species.
4ffl.
Shell slender, elongate-conic, with the posterior half of the exposed
portion of the whorls on the spire white and the anterior half chest-
nut brown, base white.
Nuclear whorls 2|, large, smooth, forming a
N0.1574.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLIV.'EDALL AND BARTSCH. 505
depressed helicoid spire whose axis is at right angles to the axis of

the succeeding turn; not immersed and extending slightly beyond the
outline of the spire on both sides.
Post-nuclear whorls very slightly
rounded, weakly roundly shouldered at the summit and very moderately contracted at the periphery, ornamented by very strong, broad,
low, rounded, almost vertical axial ril)s of which there are 22 upon
24 upon the antepenultimate, and 28 upon the penultimate
These ribs extend prominent!}' to the smnmit and crenulatethe
subchannelled sutures. Intercostal spaces narrow, not more than
half the width of the ribs, crossed b}' 19 incised spiral lines which are
of almost equal width and subequally spaced with the following exceptions, the seventh, (deventh, and the last three above the periphery are
much wider, appearing as quadrangular pits in the intercostal spaces,
the eleventh falling on about the middle of the exposed portion of the
whorl on the spire, and the seventh about halfway between this and
the summit.
Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the
latter marked ])y the feeble continuations of the axial ribs which gradually disappear after crossing the peripher}-, and about 16 subequally
spaced incised spiral lines. Aperture oval, somewhat effuse anteriorly, columella ol)lique, somewhat twisted with a weak oblique fold
the
first,
turn.
little
anterior to
The type
its
insertion.
No. 196229, U.S.N.M.) was dredged l)y Mr. S. S.

Berry in 12 fathoms off Del Monte, Monterey, California. It has 10
post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 6.3 mm., diameter 1.2 mm.
(Cat.
TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) MORCHI,

Plate
XLV,
new
species.
figs. 1, la.
Shell broadly elongate-conic, the posterior third of the exposed

portion of the whorls on the spire and a narrow area about the
umbilical region flesh-colored, the rest of the shell light chestnut
brown. Nuclear whorls 2i, small, smooth, forming a depressed heli-
coid spire which has
ing turns and
its
axis at right angles to the axis of the succeed-
about one-fifth immersed in the first of them. Exposed

portion of the post-nuclear whorls flattened in the middle, posterior
fourth sloping- genth' toward the summit, which is closel}' appressed
to the preceding turn; the anterior portion slopes more abruptly,
roundly toward the periphery. The whorls are ornamented by strong
rather distantly spaced, moderately acute, slightly protractive axial
ribs, of which 18 occur upon the first three, 16 on the next three, 18
on the seventh, and 20 upon the penultimate turn. The ribs weaken
slightly and become somewhat flattened as they approach the constricted sutures.
Intercostal spaces broad, almost double the width
of the ribs, crossed by 7, equal and equall}' spaced, deepl}' incised
spiral lines, which extend up on the sides of the ribs and feebly across
is
pnocEsmms of the national
506
museum,
vol.xxxhi.
them. The space l)etween the second and third lines appears slightly
nodulose on the ril)s. Periphery of the last turn angulated, crossed
by the continuations of the ribs, which disappear as they pass on to

the short and well-rounded base.
Base marked by 13 continuous
incised spiral lines of about equal strength which are much more
closely spaced near the mnbilicus than the periphery, the distance
between the succeeding striations diminishing in regular ratio from

the periphery to the umbilical area, the first two below the periphery
beitig considerably
inclosed
between
between the spiral
more distantly spaced than the rest, the spaces

them being about equal to the space inclosed
lines on the spire.
Aperture subquadrate, posterior
angle acute, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within;
columella slender, oblique, somewhat twisted and slightly revolute.
The type (Cat. No. 173081, U.S.N.M.) has 9 post-nuclear whorls

and measures: Length 6.4 mm., diameter 2 mm. It was collected
by Mr. H. N. Lowe at Long Beach, California. Another specimen is
in the collection of the University of California from Station No. 1'22,
near Redondo. Another (Cat. No. 176622, U.S.N.M.) was dredged
by Mr. John Paine in 8 fathoms off Catalina Island. Five (Cat. No.
196230, U.S.N.M.) were collected by Mr. H. N. Lowe at San Diego,
and four additional specimens from the same locality are in Mr.
Lowe's collection. One, collected at Station No. 83, off San Diego, is
in the collection of the
University of California.
specimen collected by Mr. S. S. Berry in 29 fathoms off" New

Monterey, Monterey Bay, California, is provisionally placed here
It agrees with T. {P.) morcld
until more material can be examined.
in general form and type of sculpture, but is much more slender and
has more ribs.
This species
is
nearest related to Turhonilla {Pyrgiacus) latifundia
Dall and Bartsch, from the post-Pliocene of San Pedro, California.
TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) ANTESTRIATA,

Plate
XLV,
figt^.
new
species.
4, 4a.
Shell large and strong, light brown.
Nuclear whorls 2^, small,
smooth, forming a depressed rounded helicoid spire, which projects

somewhat beyond the left side of the outline of the spire of the later
whorls and has its axis at a right angle to the axis of these, being
Post-nuclear whorls
about one-fourth immersed in the first turn.
slightly rounded, ornamented by low, rounded, narrow, vertical axial
ribs which become decidedly flattened and enfeebled near the summit
of the turns; there are 9 of these ribs on the second, 20 upon the fifth,
and 28 upon the penultimate post-nuclear turns. Intercostal spaces

about double the width of the ribs, shallow, rounded, crossed b}^ 6
equal and equally spaced, strongly incised, spiral lines which extend
Ko. 16^4.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMiDELLIbA-D ALL AND BARTSCH. 507
stronger upon the sides of the ribs and feebl}^ over their summits.
addition to this sculpture, the spire
is
marked by many
In
tine lines of
and many tine spiral striations between the incised lines.

Sutures well marked, simple. Periphery of the last whorl subangu-
growtii
lated,
marked by the
feeble continuations of the axial ribs, which dis-
Base short, marked by 11 continuous, equal,

more closely spaced above the
umbilical area than at the periphery; the space between the first basal
incised line and the first supraperipheral one being- a little wider than
Aperture
the space inclosed between the spiral lines on the spire.
appear at the periphery.
strong, incised spiral lines which are
subquadrate, outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within;

columella almost straight and vertical, slightl}' revolute.
is based upon 2 cotypes.
One, an adult shell
U.S.N.M.), has the last 10 whorls, having lost the
nucleus and probably the first two and one-half post-nuclear turns,
and measures: Length 9.7 mm., diameter 2.8 mm. It was dredged by
the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at Station No. 319-1 in
92 fathoms, on gray sand, bottom temperature 45.'^ 9, off Esteros Bay,
The other (Cat. No. 196232 U.S.N.M.) was collected by
California.
Mrs. Oldroyd at San Pedro, California, and has the nucleus and 9
post-nuclear turns, and measures: Length 5.5 mm., diameter 1.8 mm.
Three specimens (Cat. No. 196233, U.S.N.M.) were dredged by the
Fisheries steamer Albatross at Station No. 2902 in 53 fathoms, fine
gray sand and mud bottom, temperature 45, oft' Santa Rosa Island.
One in the collection of the University of California comes from Station No. 122, near Redondo; another in the same institution was
dredged at Station No. 12, off Point Vincent. Two (Cat. No. 196231,
U.S.N.M.) were dredged in 12 fathoms at San Pedro by Mr. H. N.
Lowe. Another specimen was dredged by the University of California at Station No. 30, off Catalina Island, and two at Station No. 58,
off San Diego, California, the last two lots being in the University
The
aboA'e description
(Cat. No. 168867,
collection.
TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) EUCOSMOBASIS,

Plate
XLV,
new
species.
figs. 8, 8a.
Shell .quite large, of very regular outline,
creamy white.
rather small, composed of 2^ whorls, helicoid with
Nucleus
much depressed
somewhat obliqueh^ about one-third immersed in the first of the

succeeding turns, the axis of the nuclear spire being almost at a right
angle to the axis of the later whorls. Post-nuclear whorls moderately
rounded, widest a little above the suture, sloping gently toward the
spire,
summit and more abrnptl}" toward the base, ornamented by moderately

strong, rounded, somewhat flexuous, axial ribs, of which about 18
appear upon the second, 20 upon the seventh, 22 upon the eighth., and
508
voi.
xxxni.
2T upon the penultimate whorl. Intercostal spaces only moderately

deep, a little wider than the ribs, marked by 6 strong- incised spiral
lines which extend up on the sides of the ribs and frequently pass
over their summits; the uppermost or posterior one of these incised
lines is least
pronounced, the second one above the suture, and the
third one about half again as far apart as the remaining, which are
In addition to these the shell
equally spaced.
wavy
marked
is
b}"
many
between the deep ones. Sutures plain,

well defined.
Base of the last whorl very short, well rounded, marked
by the faint continuations of the axial ribs and about 15 well defined
more or less equally spaced deep spiral striations with fainter ones
between them as on the exposed portion of the whorls of the spire;
the first deep basal spiral striation and the one above the suture are
some little distance apart and mark a plain band excepting the fainter
sculpture.
Aperture quite larg-e, subquadrate; columella short, somefaint
spiral striations
what twisted, revolute.
The type (Cat. No. 162679, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by the U. S.

Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at Station No. 2902, ofi" Santa
Barbara, California, in 53 fathoms.
It has 12 post-nuclear
whorls
which measure: Length 11.2 mm. diameter 2.8 mm.

Another specimen (Cat. No. 162680, U.S.N.M.) was dredged at
Station No. 3195, in 252 fathoms, on green mud, bottom temperature
43"-*.
Four specimens (Cat. No.
2, in San Luis Obispo Bay, California.
162681) were dredged at Station No. 2901 on grey sand and mud
bottom, at a depth of 48 fathoms, temperature 55. 1, ofi' Santa Rosa
Island.
The University of California has two lots, one specimen
dredged at Station No. 32, off Catalina Island, and two from Station
No. 59, off San Diego, California.
;
TURBONILLA (PYRGISCUS) TENUICULA

Plate
XLV,
Gould.
figs. 3, 3(/.
Chemnitzia lenuicula Gould, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VI, 1853, pp. 383, 384,
XIV,
Turhonilla {Pyrgiscus) tenulcula

pi.
II, tigs.
7,
Govlv, Mem. Cala. Acad.,
Ill, 1903, pp. 275-276,
7a.
Shell small, elongated,
wax
pi.
fig. 15.
lanceolate, turrited,
rather solid, shining,
dusky below the suture; whorls 10, flat, slightly

shouldered above, marked by about 20 direct, longitudinal folds, the
summits of which are cut by numerous fine revolving strife, deeper
in the interstices, which also extend over the base of the shell, though
yellow, a
little
the folds terminate at the periphery, or are extended in delicate fur-
rows; aperture narrow, ovate;
lip
sharp; revolving
within.
Dimensions. Length 7.5 mm.; diameter 1.8 nun.

Found at Santa Barbara.
striae
apparent
NO. 1574.
WEST A MER ICA N P YRA Ml DEL LID. E DA LL A ND BA R TSCH. 509
The above
is
the original description by Gould.
Turbonilla {Pyr-
Gould is the most abundant and most variable species

of all the west American forms, presenting- many varieties or incipient
species; to describe these would not aid science or the collector, but
would onl}^ add to the confusion which this paper is intended to dispel.
The following comprehensive description will embrace, we believe,
all theiorms coming under this name:
giscut<)
tenuicxda
Shell slender to
to
waxy yellow
somewhat stubby and
inflated,
varjdng in color from milk-white
or to dark brown, variously banded or plain monocolored; nuclear
whorls three, moderately
large,
planorboid,
slightly slantingly
immersed; post-
nuclear whorls rounded to flattened, contracted at base and strongly shouldered at

the summit, traversed by 18 to 28 strong vertical ribs, which are excurved and
usually
somewhat thickened, and connected
at their summits,
which appear beaded;
these ribs extend feebly over the rounded base of the last whorl; the entire shell
is
more of which apjjear on the exposed portion of the whorls, and more, clo.ser placed, wavy ones on the base of the last whorl;
the suture is deep, subchanneled and wavy; aperture ovate, i)roduced at base; outer
lip thin, meeting the oblique, slightly curved and revolute columella in a broad
crossed by incised spiral lines, 10 to 16 or
curve; a faint callus connects the posterior angle of the aperture with the insertion
of the columella.
Dimemsionsi.
Length
The specimen
figured
ti.5
is
mm.; diameter
1.9
from Todos Santos
mm.
Ba}^,
Lower
California,
and has 9 post-nuclear whorls. One of the same number of whorls

from San Pedro measures: length 6.2 mm.; diameter 1.7 mm.
The U. S. National Museum contains the following specimens:
Specim.ens of Turhonilla {Ryrgiscns) tenuicula Gould.
Number
of speci-
mens.
510
vol.
xxxm.
40 upon the seventh whorl. On the penultimate and antepenultimate

whorls they are more or less irregular in form, number, and spacing.
The spiral sculpture
Intercostal spaces much narrower than the ribs.
consists of 8 deep, quite regularly spaced lines of pits which are very
pronounced in the intercostal spaces and on the sides of the ribs, but
do not appear to cross their summits except on the penultimate and

Sutures well defined, simple. Periphery and base of
the last whorl,
the last whorl evenly rounded, the latter ornamented by the prolongation of the axial ribs and quite a number of continuous well-impressed
Aperture subspiral lines with faint spiral striation between them.
oval,
somewhat
effuse anteriorly, posterior angle obtuse (outer lip
fractured, very thick); columella strong, slightly curved and strongly
revolute with a weak, very oblique internal fold near
its
insertion;
and um))ilical region covered by a weak callus. Columella and extreme anterior portion of the aperture white.
The type (Cat. No. 74000, U.S.N.M.) belongs to the Stearns collecIt has 10 posttion and was obtained at Monterey, California.
nuclear whorls (the nucleus and perhaps the first three being lost),
and measures: Length 13.5 mm., diameter 3.7 mm.
This species is remarkable for being the largest known member of
the section Pyi'glscus on the west coast of America.
parietal wall
Subgenus
MOS.MULA
Mormula A. Adams, Journ. Linn.

TERosATo,
II.
Nat. Hist.
Soc.
A.
Adams.
London, VII,
1864, p. l;=Pyrgostylus
Mon-
Sicil., 1884, p. 90.
'Turbonillas having vertical ribs and deeply incised spiral lines;

on the outer surface, which usually
also irregularly disposed varices
mark
internal lirations on the outer
Type.
Mormtda 7'issoina A.
lip.
Sculpture never nodulose.
Adams.
KEY TO SPECIES OF MORMULA.
mm
Adult shell more than 20

Adult shell less than 15 mm.
Deeply incised lines on the whorl between the sutures: 5
Deeply incised lines on the whorl between the sutures: 12
TURBONILLA (MORMULA) LORDI

Plate
XLV,
lordi.
trklentata.
eschscholtzi.
E.A.Smith.
figs. 7, la.
Chemnitziu lordi E. A. Smith, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1880, p. 288.
Shell very large, light
brown
to
pale yellowish-white, variously
Nuclear whorls two, smooth, helicoid, moderately elevated,

having their axis at right angles to the axis of the succeeding turns
and about one-fourth immersed in the first of them. Postnuclear
whorls well rounded, ornamented by heavy, broad, low axial ribs, of
banded.
which about 14 occur upon the second, 16 upon the eighth, 22 upon

NO. 1574.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLID.EDALL AND BARTSCH. 511
Intercostal spaces
the eleventh, and 30 upon the penultimate whorl.
by about
ribs,
ornamented
the
wide
as
about
as
not deeply depressed,
12 to 15 irreg-ularly spaced spiral striations between the sutures; those

near the summit of the whorls are closer and more feeble than those
near the periphery of the whorls. Sutures strongly impressed, some-
what wavy. Periphery of the last whorl somewhat angulated in

young specimens, moderately well rounded in adults. Base rather
short, marked by faint continuations of the axial ribs and faint wavy
Aperture subrhombic, posterior angle ol)tuse, outer
showing the external sculpture and banding within; columella
stout, slightly twisted and rQvolute, provided with an ol)Iique internal
The color markings in the specimen here described and figured
fold.
consist of a pale yellowish-brown band, about a quarter of the width
of the whorl between the sutures, covering the posterior part, followed by a narrowband of the yellowish-white ground color, which is
followed by a band of brown a little darker than the tirst and about as
wide as the last-named white band; then a broad pale white l)and,
lastly a narrow pale yellow one above the periphery finishes the marking between the sutures. The periphery is marked by a narrow band
of white followed by a deep brown one which shades gradually to the
spiral striation.
lip thin,
white about the umbilical region.
The
characters which ally this species to
developed,
now and then two
ribs
Morn tula
are only feebly
become fused and suggest a
varix;
the internal lirations, too, are only very feebly expressed and appear in
the aperture of only one specimen.
The specimen figured has 14 postmm., diameter 5.1 mm.; it
nuclear whorls and measures: Length 20.8
was collected in 12 fathoms at Sitka Harbor, Alaska, and is Cat. No.

No. 160069, U.S.N.M., contains individuals from
160192, U.S.N.M.
the same locality; No. 133231, U.S.N.M., has 2 from Port Orchard,
Washington, and No. 4180, U.S.N.M., 1 from Puget Sound, Washington.
Seven specimens were collected by Rev. G. W. Taylor at
Banks Island, British Columbia. One of these, a young individual,
Cat. No. 196234, U.S.N.M., has furnished the description of the
nucleus.
It has 9 post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 5.2 mm.,
diameter 2.1 nun.
This is the largest species known from the west coast of America.
TURBONILLA (MORMULA) TRIDENTATA

Plate
ChemnHzia
tridentata
XLV,
Carpenter.
fig. 9.
Carpenter, Jour, de Conch., XIII (3d ser., V), 1865, p. 147.

Dall and Bartsch, Mem. Cala. Acad., Ill,
Turbonilla {Lancea) tridentata
p. 2713, 190;^, pi. II, figs. 1, la.
Shell large, broad; chestnut colored, obscurely banded; nuclear

whorls three, helicoid, about one-third immersed, scarcely extending
beyond the margin of the spire, their axis being at a right angle to the
512
vol.
xxxm.
Post-nuclear whorls slightly convex, someperiphery and slightly shouldered at the summit; traversed by about 20 to 24 strong, well-rounded, somewhat
oblique axial ribs, which continue faintly over the decidedly angular
periphery of the last whorl and the base to the umbilical region; these
ribs are consideral)ly enfeebled on the last whorl of old shells and frequently become almost obsolete on these. The exposed portion of the
whorls is traversed by five spiral grooves, which appear most prominenth' in the shallow and broad intercostal spaces, and less so on the
ribs; these deep spiral lines are regularly spaced, leaving a broader
interval on the middle of the exposed portion of the whorl; the base
of the last whorl is likewise ornamented by spiral grooves, but here
they appear less developed than on the spire. In addition to this the
entire surface of the shell is marked by numerous very fine, somewhat
wavy, spiral and axial strife, which show most prominentl}" on the last
whorl and base, and give the shell a very minutely reticulated secondary sculpture. At irregular intervals the whorls are marked b}^ thick
callous varices, which are usually of a lighter color than the remainder
Aperture large, subquadrate; posterior angle acute;
of the shell.
axis of the later whorls.
what contracted
at the
outer lip thin, having three strong internal lirations, joining the whitish,
short, straight, revolute columella at a little less than a right angle.
By transmitted light two spiral, light color-bands become apparent on
the inside of the
lip,
each of which
is
bordered by a zone of a darker
The general
shell, covered by
color than the remaining shell.

rior
is
is
that of a flesh-colored
color effect of the extea dark epidermis,
which
stretched tight over the ribs, permitting the lighter color beneath to
it at their summits.
Doctor Carpenter's type (Cat. No, 15315J, U.S.N.M.) was collected
It has 11 post-nuclear whorls and measures:
at Monterey, California.
Length 11.1 mm,, diameter 3.2 ram. The specimen figured (Cat. No.
It has 13 post150983, U.S.N.M.) is from San Pedro, California.
nuclear whorls and measures: Length 12.8 mm., diameter 3.6 mm.
The U. S. National Museum has five lots of this species: Cat. No.
1631 S?* is the type from Monterey, California; Cat. No. 196239, four
specimens dredged by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Alhatro^H at
station No. 2902, ofi Santa Rosa Island, in 53 fathoms, fine gray sand
and mud, with a bottom temperature of 45; Cat. No. 196240, ten specimens from San Pedro, collected by Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd; Cat. No.
figirred, dredged by Mrs.
150983, three individuals, one of which
Oldroyd in 4 fathoms, at San Pedro; Cat. No. 46505, two shells from
San Diego in the Stearns collection. In addition to these, specimens
have been determined for Mr. Berry, from Monterey, 12 to 39 fathoms;
Universit}^ of California, oti Catalina Island; Mrs. Oldroyd and Mr.
Lowe, at San Pedro; Mr. Kelsey and Mr. Arnold, from San Diego.
shine through
i.-*

NO. 1574.
WEST A MERICA N P 1 'RA MID ELL ID.EDA LL A ND BA R TSCH. 513
TURBONILLA (MORMULA) ESCHSCHOLTZI,

Plate
XLV,
new
species.
tig. 10.
Shell large, elongate-conic, brown, having three obscure bands of

dark 1)rown, one of which is at the summit, another at the perij)hery,
while the third is halfway between these on the exposed portion of
Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear
the whorl of the spire.
turns moderately rounded, ornamented by low, rounded, rather distantly spaced, slightl}^ protractive axial ribs which become weakened
and somewhat flattened as they approach the appressed summit, and
many fine lines of growth both on the ril)s and in the intercostal
In addition to the axial sculpture the whorls are crossed b}'
spaces.
twelve deeply incised, somewhat irregularly spaced spiral lines, the
raised spaces between which are again divided bj- many tine strife.
All the spiral markings pass over the intei'costal spaces and the ribs.
Periphery of the last whorl obscurely angular, marked by the feeble
continuations of the ribs which vanish immediately ])elow the periphery and the usual fine lines of growth and spiral striation.
Base
rather short, well rounded, brown, with a narrow whitish band about
the umbilicus, marked by closely spaced continuous wavy spiral striation, which varies in strength, several finer strife alternating with the
Aperture subquadrate, outer lip thin, showing' four narrow
stronger.
dark-brown Itands within, upon a lighter background the.se are the
three already referred to and a fourth one on the base adjoining the
periphery; columella almost vertical, slightly twisted and revolute.
The type (Cat. No. 196241, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Rev. G. W.
Taylor, at Cartel Bay, British Columbia; it has 11 post-nuclear whorls
(the nucleus and probably three of the post nuclear whorls being lo.st),
and measures: Length 13.3 mm., diameter 4 nun. Another specimen
from the same localit}^ is in the Taylor collection. Three additional
lots were collected by him in British Columbia; one, a fragment, from
we.st of Rose Spit, Queen Charlotte Islands; 6 at Departure Bay, one
of which is Cat. No. 196242, U.S.N.M.; 15 at Port Simpson, 5 of
which are Cat. No. 196243, U.S.N.M. No. 196242 is the largest
specimen, it has 12^ whorls, having lost the nucleus and probably the
first three of the succeeding turns and measures: Length 17.S nmi.,
diameter 4.5 mm.
Genus
ODOSTOMIA
Fleming.
OddStomid Fleming, Edinburgh Kneyc, VII, ISi;], Pt. 1, p. 76 Odotiloslurtiia

Jeffreys, Mai. and Conch. Mae 18;W, p '^'^.-TiimtoMomUt Sacco, Moll, del
,
Piemonte e del Lignria, 1892,
\>.
41.
Shell with sinistral apex, usually short, ffw whorled, subconic or
with a single columellai fold which varies

sometimes is not apparent at the aperture.
Tu7'bo jiUeatxs Montagu.
Type.
ovate,
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii-07
:B3
in
strength and

514
xxxm.
vol.
The following 6 of the 41 subg-enera and sections of Odostomia are

represented in the present faunal area: C/irj/srdlida, Ividia, lolaea^
Mene^tho^ Evalea^ and
aura.
Am
KEY To SUBGENERA OK ODOSTOMIA.

Sculpture nodulose
Chrysallida, p. 514.
Sculjiture consisting of axial
and
spiral
lamelhe
Ividia, p. 517.
Sculpture consisting of spiral liratious and slender axial threads in the depressed
spaces:
Shell umbilicated
Ijlaea, p. 518.
Shell not umlnlicated
Meneahn,
p. 520.
umani,
p. 528.
Sculpture consistiug of spiral striation only:

Shell very large
.1
Shell small.
Evalea, p. 522.
CHRYSALLIDA
Subgenus
Carpenter.
Chrymllida Carpenter, Cat. Maz. Shells, 1857, ]). 41H. Noemia De Folin, Fonds
de la Mer, 1873, p. 314, not Noemia Pasco, 1S57. Noemiamni De I'olin,
Zool. Rec, 1885, p. 94 (Mollusca).
Odostoniias having strong axial ribs crossed
b}^
equally strong
between the sutures, the intersection of these two elements forming nodules. The axial ribs pass onl}^ faintl}" over the
spiral keels
base, while the spiral sculpture remains quite prominent.
Type.
ChrysaUida, coniiininls Carpenter.
KEY TO species OF CHRYSALLIDA.

Spiral keels
between the sutures
4.
Sutures deeply channelled.
Base with 7 narrow and slender spiral keels

Base with 8 hroad and rounded spiral keels
Sutures not channelled
Spiral keels between the sutures on the last whorl more than 5
ODOSTOMIA rCHRYSALLIDA) COOPERI,

Plate
Shell
oroadly
conic,
white.
obliquely immersed in the
only about half of the
tirst
last
XL VI,
lig.
astricfa.
cooperi.
moniereyensis.
oregonensis.
new
species.
7.
Nuclear
whorls
smooth,
largel}^
of the succeeding turns above which
turn projects.
Postnuclear whorl mod-
erately rounded, slopingly >houldered at the summit, the shoulder
bearing the first of the four stronger tuberculate spiral ridges. The
connections which join the tubercles in th(^ spiral series are a little
more strongly developed than those which link them vertically, the
spaces inclosed ))etween them being deep squarish pits.
The tubercles
are very prominent and rounded, there are about 16 upon the second,
20 upon the third, and 26 upon the penultimate turn.
from the posterior
The
axial
Sutures deep and

broad, considerably wider than the spaces between the keels.
Periphery of the last whorl deeply channelled, the channel marked by a
series slants retractively
suture.
N0.1574.
weak extension
of the axial bars which terminate at the
first
supra-
Base prolonged, well-rounded, marked by seven

strong- moderately raised, spiral keels which, like the channels that
separate them, diminish regularly in width from the periphery to the
umbilical area; the last, the eighth, immediately behind the columella,
being less distinct and considerably broader than the rest. The channels between the keels are about equal to the keels in width and are
crossed by numerous very slender raised threads, which extend up on
Al)Out five of these
the sides of the keels but do not cross them.
threads fall in the space between two tul>ercles on the spire, in the
peripheral
first
keel.
supra-peripheral groove.
Aperture oval, large, efluse anteriorly,
posterior angle obtuse, outer lip rather thick, not showing the external sculpture within; columella somewhat twisted, re volute anteriorly,
reenforced by the attenuated base, and provided with a weak fold at
its insertion; parietal wall covered by a callus which joins the columella
with the posterior angle of the aperture and renders the peristome
almost complete.
The type
(Cat. No. 162TT1. T.S.N.M.) was collected ])y Doctor Dall

Monterey, California. It has five postnuclear whorls and measures:
Length, 3.1 mm.; diameter, l.-t nmi.
'
at
ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) ASTRICTA,

Plate XJ.VI,
%.
new
species.
1.
Nuclear whorls decollated. Postnuclear whorls very slightly rounded, separated by deeply chanIn this species the vertical ribs exceed the four spiral
nelled sutures.
keels in strength, their junction forming elongated tubercles the long
The vertical ribs, of
axis of which coincides with the spiral keels.
which there are 16 upon all of the turns, slant decidedly backward
toward the aperture. They are rather distantly spaced and the spaces
inclosed between them and the spiral keels are deep oblong pits, the
long axis of which coincides with the spiral sculpture. Periphery of
the last whorl marked by a deep, wide channel across which the ribs
extend feebl}^ to the first subperipheral keel. Base rather long and
well rounded, marked by seven rather narrow, slender spiral keels
which successively decrease in strength from the periphery to the
umbilical area, the anterior ones being only faintly indicated; the
spaces which separate the keels are about twice as wide as the keels
and are crossed by many very slender raised vertical threads. Aperture oval, outer lip rather thick, columella twisted, reenforced by the
attenuated base and provided with a moderately strong fold at its
insertion; parietal wall covered by a strong- callus.
The type (Cat. No. 196280, U.S.N. M.) was collected by Mr. F. L.
Button at Monterev, California; it has the 6 last whorls remaining,
having lost the nucleus and probabl}' the first post-nuclear turn, and
measures: Length, 2.9 mm.; diameter, 1.2 mm.
Shell elongate-conic, bluish-white.
516
ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) MONTEREYENSIS,

Plate
XLVI,
vol. xxxiii.
new
species.
fig. 4.
Shell l)roadly conic, milk-white to subdiaphanous.

Nuclear whorls
smooth, largely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above
which only half of the last whorl projects. Postnuclear whorls separated by broad, deep sutures; well rounded between the sutures where
they are ornamented by four strong!}^ tuberculate spiral ridges, the
spiral connections between the tubercles are equal to the axial connections or ribs, of which 10 appear upon the second, 18 upon the thirtieth, and 20 upon the penultimate whorl.
The spaces inclosed between
the axial ribs and the spiral connections which join the rounded tuber-
deep squarish pits. The axial ril)s extend strongly across the
deep peripheral channel and stop at the first subperipheral keel. Base
moderately long, well rounded, marked by 5 equal and subequally
spaced, well raised, strong, spiral keels, and a sixth, much broader,
The grooves between
low, and rounded at the columellar margin.
the keels are equal to the width of the keels near the peripher}-, but
diminish in breadth successively from the periphery to the umbilical
area.
They are crossed by numeious slender raised axial threads,
which extend up on the sides of the spiral keels, but do not cross them.
There are about 5 of these threads between each two ribs in the first
cles are
subperipheral channel; aperture oval, somewhat effuse anteriorly;

posterior angle acute; columella reenforced by the attenuated base,
appears like a thickened callus, provided with a modits insertion; parietal wall covered by a
which ]oins the columella with the posterior angle of the
against which
it
erately strong oblique fold at
thick callus,
aperture.
The type (Cat. No. 196281, U.S.N.M.) has 5 postnuclear whorls and
It was collected by
measures: Length, 3.0 mm.; diameter, 1.3 mm.
Mr. S. S. Berry, in 12 fathoms, off" Del Monte, Montere}^ Bay, California.
Three specimens from the same station are in Mr. Berry's
Another specimen (Cat. No. 74003, U.S.N.M.) was colby Doctor Canfield at Monterey, and a sixth (Cat. No. 196282,
U.S.N.M.) by Mr. . L. Button at the same place. A seventh (Cat.
No. I<i2767, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd at San
collection.
lected
Luis Obispo, California.
ODOSTOMIA (CHRYSALLIDA) OREGONENSIS,

Plate
XLVI,
figs.
new
species.
10, lOa.
Nuclear
Shell elongate-conic, slender, subdiaphanous to milk-white.
whorls immersed, the last one only being visible. This is somewhat tilted and marked by three strong narrow spiral keels and
many slender raised axial threads which cross the grooves between
NO. 1574.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAArlDELLID.EDALL AND BARTSCH. 517
the keels.
Postnuclear whorls well rounded, slopinglj shouldered
summit and
.>#parated by constricted sutures, ornamented by

almost equal and equally spaced spiral keels and axial ribs between
the sutures on the spire.
There are 4 spiral keels on the first, second, and third whorls,
on the fourth, and 7 upon the penultimate
whorl.
The first of these keels is on the shoulder of the whorl near
the summit and is somewhat less developed than the rest.
The axial
ribs are best developed on the early Avhorls, where the}" extend
equally strong- from the sunmiit to the periphery; on the antepemdtimate and penultimate turns they ))ecome somewhat enfeebled from
the middle of the whorl between the sutures to the periphery.
There are about ir of these ribs on the first, 18 on the third, 20
upon the fourth, and 22 upon the penultimate turn. The intersec-
at the
and spiral keels form low elongated tubercles, the

long axis of which coincides with the spiral sculptiu'c. The meshes
tions of the ribs
inclosed by the keels and
ribs are deeply impressed squarish pits.

Periphery and base of the last whorl well rounded, the latter somewhat inflated and marked by t) spiral cords which aie successively
closer spaced and a little less stiongly developed from the peripher\"
to the umbilical area.
The chaimels between the cords are crossed
by many very slender raised vertical threads. Aperture oval, slightly
effuse anteriorly; outer lip thin; columella leen forced on its posterior two-thirds by the attenuated base, free and somewhat revolute
anteriorily; parietal wall glazed by a thui callus.
The type has (> postnuclear whorls and measures: Length 3.3 mm.,
diameter 1.2 mm.
It and 9 additional specimens are Cat. No. 10Tr)9(i,
U.S.N.M., and were collected by Dr. C. F. Newcombe at Cumshewa
Inlet, Queen Charlotte Island, Biitish Columbia, in 10 fathoms.
Two
other lots of one specimen each come fiom Monterey, Cat. No. 73998,
U.S.N.M., in the Stearns collection, and Cat. No. 1902S3, T.S.N.M.,
collected by Mr. F. L. P.utton.
Subgenus IVIDIA Dall and Bartsch.
hyidia D.îi-and Bakt,s(h, I'ror
Shell sculptured with
Biol.
Soc, Washintrtun, 1904, XVII,
hinudlose axial
ribs
and spiral
p. 11.
keels, their
intersections not nodulose.
Type.
Parilumht (trnxiid C'arpentcr.

ODOSTOMIA
(IVIDIA) NAVISA, new
Platf XI. VI,
Hjis.
L',
species.
L'<f.
medium size, strongly sculptured, subdiaphanous to milkNuclear whorls at least 2, obliquely a little more than half
immersed, Postnuclear whorls strongly shouldered, subtabulated,
with a strong broad spiral keel limiting the anterior edge of the shoulShell of
white.
518
vol. xxxin.
der and an acute raised keel on the middle of the whorls between the
sutures, while a third ecjiialh' acute keel niarkyitthe periphery' of the
last whorl.
which
is
Two
other keels ornament the
not quite as strong- as
its
l)ase.
the anterior one of
The
axial sculpture con-
neighbor.
of narrow, more or less lamellar, almost vertical ribs, which

render the intersection with the spiral keels somewhat thickened but
not nodulose. These axial ribs extend over the periphery and base
of the last whorl to the umbilical region, gradually growing weaker
sists
There are about 18 on the second and 20

The spaces between the ribs and keels
appear as concave quadrangular depressions. Umbilicus narrowly
perforated. Suture deeply channeled by the shouldered whorl. Aper-
as they approach this point.
upon the penultimate whorl.
ture suboval, posterior angle decidedly obtuse; outer lip thick,
by 5 projections, corresponding to the
marked
keels; columella almost
straight, strongly revolute with a conspicuous oblique fold near its
by a faint callus showing both basal

and just posterior to the insertion of the columella and the next on the middle of the wall.
The type has 5 postnuclear whorls and measures: Length 2.7 mm.,
diameter 1.3 mm. It and 3 additional specimens (Cat. No. 106502,
U.S.N.M.) were collected by Mr. Henry Hemphill at Scammons
Lagoon, Lower California. Three additional lots are in the U. S.
National Museum collection: Cat. No. 129336, 30 specimens collected
by Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd in the drift at San Pedro; Cat. No. 162843, 3
specimens also from San Pedro by the same donor; Cat. No. 62811,
1 specimen collected l\y Mr. Henry Hemphill at Ocean Beach, San
Diego, California.
insertion; parietal wall covered
keels, the anterior faint
ODOSTOMIA
(IVIDIA)
NAVISA DELMONTENSIS, new

Plate
XL VI,
%8.
Shell similar to O. (/.) natusa l)ut
more
li.
subspecies.
Set.
more elongate, and
in
every way
delicate with the lamellose sculpture reduced almost to raised
cords and with stronger shouldered sunnnits and more open umbilicus.
The type (Cat. No. 196297, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Mr. S. S.
Berry
in 12 fathoms,
ofi'
Del Monte, Monterey Bay, California.
It
has 5 postnuclear whorls and nieasures: Length 3,2 mm., diameter 1.3
mm.
Subgenus lOLAEA A. Adams.
lolaea A.
Adams, Proc.
Zool. Soc,
Nat. Hist., 3d sen,
Beng., XIII, Pt.
Shell umbillcated,
1,
V,
1860,
1867,
300,
p. 310. /o/c A. Adams, Ann. Mag.

not Inic Blyth, .lourn. Asiat. Soc.
1844, p. 386.
marked by
cross the grooves between them.

I'ype.
p.
lole scitula A.
Adams.
spiral cords,
and
axial riblets
which
N0.1574.
WEST AMEPJCAN PYRAMIDELLID.E-DALL AND BARTSCIL 519
ODOSTOMIA (lOLAEA) AMIANTA,

Plate
XLVI,
Hi>y.
S,
new
species.
S)a.
Nucleus small, of two whorls

and are obliquely placed.
in
size
rapidly
extremely
which increase
marked by 3 very
shouldered,
strongly
whorls
very
Pustnuclear
and 4 on the sucsecond
first
and
the
keels
on
spiral
lamellar
strong
Shell broadly conic, yellowish-white.
between the sutures. The posterior keel marks the

It
sloping shoulder and is much the strongest.
broad,
the
limit of
is also placed a little farther apart from the next spiral keel than that
Base of the last whorl well rounded;
is from its anterior neighbor.
ceedino- whorls
ornamented by 8 spiral ridges, which are less elevated and nuich more
The
closely and regularly spaced than those between the sutures.
peripheral groove is about equal in width to the one anterior to the
posterior keel.
The
entire shell
is
marked by
tin(\
sublamellar, regu-
which render the spiral keels somewhat crenulated at their meeting points and bi-eak the spaces between
them into small squares or oblongs. These riblets extend from the
Aperture subovate, posterior angle
sutures to the small umbilicus.
obtuse; outer lip thin, somewhat wavy, showing the external sculpture within; columella moderately stout, somewhat curved and strongly
revolute, having an oblique fold near its insertion which is barely
visible when the aperture is viewed squarely; parietal wall covered by
larly spaced, retractive axial
ril)s,
thick callus.
fairl}'
The type and another specimen (Cat. No. 105483, U.S.N.M.) were
collected at Point Abreojos, Lower California, by Mr. Henry Hemppost-nuclear whorls and measures: Length tt.-l mm.,
hill.
It has
(3
diameter 2.3
mm.
Specimens of Odostomiu {lolaen) nmiajita Dnll and Bartsch.

No. of
speci-
Catalogue No.
Collector.
Loealitv.
mens.
Monterey Bay
Monterey, off Del Monte
(12
Rev. G. W. Tavlor.
Berry
No. 37253 U.S.N M.

S. S. Berry's collection.
W. H. Dall
Mrs T. S. Oldrovd
No.
S. S.
fathoms).
do
San Fed ro
San Pedro. Long Beach
San Pedro, station 83
n. x\. Lowe
Universitv of California.
teStiSS
U.S.N.M.
No. 1GM6.S4 U.S N.M.

No. 196298 U.S.N.M.
University of California collection.
Off Catalina Island,.station '_'<S.

Off Cataliria Island, station 30.
San Diego, station 47
do
do
Coronado Island, 20 fathoms; bottom temperature
Off
do
do
do
Do.
Do.
Do.
U.S. F.C. station (2932)
No. 160115 U.S.N.M.

No. 105469 U.S.N.M.
No. 168685 U.S.N.M.
Henr\- Hemphill
No. 105483 U.S.N.M. (l=type).
F. \V.
Kelsey
Henrv Hemphill
,58.
Point Abreojos, Lower Cal
. .
520
Subgenus
MENESTHO
Menestho Moller, Ind. Moll. Greenl., 1842,
vol. xxxiii.
MoUer.
p. 10.
marked by moderatel}" well-developed and
Shell not umbilicated,
equally spaced spiral cords; axial sculpture reduced to mere
usLiall}^
growth which frequently appear as very slender raised threads

grooves between the cords.
Turho alhidus Fabricius.
Type.
lines of
in the
KEY TO SPECIES OF MENESTHO.

Spiral sculpture very regular
and equally spaced.
Shell large, adult over 3.5

Shell very small, adult
mm.
under
exam.
in length
2.5
mm.
pharcida.
in length
Spiral sculpture irregular, not equally spaced
liarfordensis.
ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) PHARCIDA,

Plate
XL VI,
new name.
fig. 8.
tenuis D.\ll, Bull. Nat. Soc Brit. Col, 1897, p. 14, pi. i, fig. 10.
Odoslomia tenuis Carpenter, 1856, not Odoalomia /r>im.s Jeffrey, 1884.
Mumiola
Not
Shell small, subcylindric, yellowish -white.

Nuclear whorls deeply
immersed, a portion of the last and the penultimate only appear when
viewed from the side; this gives the shell a truncated appearance.
Post-nuclear whorls moderately well rounded, rather wide between the
sutures, and somewhat shouldered at the summits; ornamented by
strong, low, rounded spiral cords, which are separated by moderately
Six of these cords occur upon the
deep, narrow, depressed channels.
first, 7 upon the second to the penultimate whorl between the sutures;
the posterior cord is a little ])roader and less elevated than the rest,
while some of tho.se on the penultimate turn show a tendency to
divide, that is, a faint spiral line is apparent on the middle of some of
these cords.
Sutures well impressed. Periphery and base of the last
whorl well rounded, the latter ornamented by 8 rounded spiral cords
similar to those lêtween the sutures.
The spaces between the spiral
ridges on the base and between the sutures are marked by closely
placed, exceedingly slender, raised axial threads.
Aperture pA'riform,
somewhat
efJuse
anteriorly, posterior angle acute; columella short,
curved, reenforced
b}"
the attenuated base, free only at
anterior end, with an oblique fold near
its
its
extreme
insertion; parietal wall
covered by a thin callus.

The type (Cat. No. 107440, U.S.N.M.) was dredged by Dr. C. F.
Newcombe, in 10-15 fathoms, at Curashewa Inlet, Queen Charlotte
Length
2.2
mm., diameter
It has 4
0.9
mm.
postnuclear whorls, which measure:
NO. 1574.
WEST AMERICAN PYRA MIDELLID.EDA LL AND BARTSCH. 521
ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) HARFORDENSIS, new

Plate
XLVI,
tig.
species.
5.
Nuclear whorls smooth, obliquely

succeeding tuins, only two-thirds of the
Shell elonoâte-ovate, bluish- white.
immersed
in the first of the
last volution projects
and somewhat
above them. Post-nuclear whorls well rounded,

marked by numerous incremental lines and 5
inflated,
equally strong-, Imt irregularly distributed, punctate, incised, spiral
between the sutures. The two near the summit are placed closer
to tnich other than any of the others, the space between the summits
and the second line bemg about equal to the space inclosed between
The third line falls on
the Hrst and second supra-peripheral lines.
about the middle of the exposed portion of the whorls and is a little
In addition to
neaier to the second line than the one anterior to it.
these 5 strongly incised lines there are numerous very tine and closel}^
spaced spiral strisv which cross all parts of the surface of the shell.
Pei'iphery and base of the last turn inflated, the latter marked by lines
of growth and 8 strongly incised, punctate spiral lines, which are a
little less strongly impressed and a little more closely spaced at the
umbilical area than at the peripheral part of the base.
These lines
Sutures constricted. Aperture
equal those of the spire in strength.
lines
veiy large, somewhat efluse anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer

showing the external sculpture within; columella curved, reenforced by the attenuated base and provided with a strong fold and its
lip thin,
by a thin callus.
U.S.N.M.) was collected by Mrs. Merrihew, at Port Harford, California. It has 5 post-nuclear whorls and
measures: Length 3.2 mm., diameter 1.8 mm.
insertion; parietal wall covered
The type
(Cat. No. 196299,
ODOSTOMIA (MENESTHO) EXARA,

Plate
Shell
elongate
ovate,
deeply inuiiersed in the
XLVI,
species.
fig. 6.
subdiaphanous.
first
new
Nuclear whorls smooth,
of the succeeding turns, only a part of
it.
Post-nuclear whorls somewhat
rounded, marked on the first whorl by 8, on the second
by 12, on the third by 14, and on the penultimate between the sutures
by 20 subequal and equally spaced, low, depressed spiral cords which
the last one appearing above

inflated, well
are separated by narrower channels.
whorl
Periphery and base of the last

by probably 20 spiral cords.
inflated, sculptured like the spire
In addition to the spiral sculpture the entire surface
is
marked by
fine
incremental lines which are best marked in the spaces between the
cords.
Aperture oval, somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle
acute; outer lip thin, showing the external sculpture within; columella
522
decidedly curved, reenforced

anterior extremity, where
prominent fold at
its
the attenuated base, free only at
l\y
it is
vol. xxxin.
somewhat
its'
revolute, provided with a
insertion which appears as
th(^
thickened
inflec-
by a thin callus
The type (Cat. No. 196250, U.S.N.M.) comes from Pacific Grove,
Monterey, California. It has 5 post-nuclear whorls and measures:
Length 3.9 mm., diameter 2.1 mm.
tion of the columella; parietal wall covered
Subgenus
EVALEA
A.
Adams.
Ecalea A. Adams, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1860, p. 22;

(Mdma De Folij^,
Fonda de la j\Ier, 1870, p. 214; -ÂuricuUv a Gray, Proe. Zool. Soc, 18-17, p.
159; -\-Ptychostomon Locard, Prod, de les Moll, de France, 1886, p. 228.
Odostomias having the surface marked by

Type.
Evalea elegans A. Adams.
fine incised spiral lines.
KEY TO SPECIES OF
EV.\LEA.
Shell umbilicated
tillamookensis.
Shell not umbilicated.
whorl decidedly aiigulated

whorl subangulated.
Spiral sculpture uniform
Periphery of the
Periphery of the
last
Spiral sculpture consisting of
Periphery of the
angidaris.
last
last
weak and strong
jewctti.
lirations
infiata.
whorl well rounded.
Shell elongate-conic.
Adult shell more than

Adult shell less than 5
8 nun. long
mm.
columbiana.
long
deUciosa.
Shell ovate.
Spiral sculpture uniform over the entire surface.
mm
mm
Diameter of adult shell 2.5

(acomaensis.
Diameter of adult shell 1.3
raldezl.
Spiral sculpture strongly developed on the early whorls, obsolete on
the
last.
Shell white, porcellanous
phanea.
Shell straw-colored
tenuisculpta.
ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) TILLAMOOKENSIS, new

Plate
XLVll,
tig.
species.
1.
Shell elongate-conic, thin, yellowish-white.

Nuclear whorls sur
rounded by the first of the succeeding turns and so immersed as to
give the apex a broadl}' truncated appearance.
Post-nuclear whorls
evenly strongly rounded, very slightly shouldered at the

Periphery and base of
the last whorl well rounded, the latter inflated, narrowl}^ openly
umbilicated.
Entire surface marked by numerous fine, wavy, subinflated,
simimit, separated by well-marked sutures.
equal, weakly incised spiral lines, of which about 35 occur between
summit and the periphery of

number on the base.
Aperture
the
the last whorl and about an equal

oval;
outer
lip
thin;
columella
slender, evenly gently curved, and slightly revolute, free, not reen-
N0.1574.
WJSST AMERICAS^ PVR AMTDELLTD.EDALL
AND BARTSCH. 528
forced at the base, provided with u slender fold at its insertion, which
is not visible when the aperture is viewed s(iiiareiy.
The type (Cat. No. I!0l24:4, U.S.N.M.) has four post-nuclear whorls,
and measures: Lenoth 4.1 mm., diameter 2.2 nun. It Avas dredged
bv the U. S. Fisheries steamer Alhatroxs, at Station No. 3346, off
Tillamook, Oregon, in 786 fathoms, green mud, bottom temperature
37 -.3.
ODOSTOMIA EVALEA ANGULARIS,

)
Plate
XLVII,
new
species.
lig. 2.
Shell very regularly elongate-conic, subdiaphanous to milk-white.

Nuclear whorls small, deeply obliquely immersed in the first of the
succeeding turns above which the tilted edge of the last turn only is
iôst-nuclear whorls slightly rounded, separated by constricted
visible,
sutures, marked by numerous slender, wavy, subequal and subequally
closely spaced spiral striations, of whicii al)out 33 occur upon the last
turn between the summit and the periphery. Periphery of the last
whorl marked by a .'slender raised keel, decidedly angulated. Base
short, moderately rounded,
narrowly attenuated anteriorly to reen-
force the columella, sculptured like the posterior portion of the whorls.
Aperture ovate, very broad, slightl}^ effuse anteriorly posterior angle
;
acute; columelâ very slender, evenly curved, closely appressed to the
attenuated base, with a strong fold at its insertion which

ble when the aperture is viewed squarely.
is
barely
visi-
The t3"pe has 7 post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 5.6 mm.,
diameter 2.8 mm. It and four additional specimens (Cat. No. 150565,
^V. Taylor at Nanaimo, British
LT.S.N.M.) were collected by Rev.
Columbia.
Five other lots are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum;
Cat. No. 159474, one, collected by Doctor Dall at Sitka Harbor, Alaska;
Cat. No. 126664, three specimens collected by Dr. C. F. Newcombe at Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columl)ia; Cat. No. 433S4, one specimen from Puget Sound; Cat. No. 1()1624, four from Port Harford, California, collected by Mrs. Merrihew; Cat. No. li)63()0, one, dredged by
the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at Station No. 3194, off" the
California coast, in 92 fathoms, gray sand, bottom temperature 45 .9;
18 specimens were determined for Mr. S. S. Berry from 12 fathoms
off
Del Monte, Monterey Bay. California.
ODOSTOMIA EVALEA JEWETTI,

I
Plate
Odostomia
inflnUi
Carpenter,
part,
Shell elongate-ovate, white.
obliquely immersed in the
onlv the
last
one
is visil)le.
XLVII,
first
new
species
lig. 3.
Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist.,
XV,
1865, p. 394.
Nuclear whorls very small, smooth,

of the succeeding turns, above which
Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, a
little
524
more abruptly
vol. xxxin.
so on the posterior third between the sutures.
Sum-
mits very nnrrowly flattened which renders the sutures well marked.
Periphery of the
whorl slightly angulated. Base slightly conrounded between the periphery and umbilical area,
last
tracted, moderately
narrowly produced to reenforce the columella. Entire surface marked

by numerous somewhat wavy, subequal and subequall}^ spaced minute
slender spiral lirations, of which there are about 35 between the summit and the periphery and an equal number between the periphery
and the base on the last turn. Aperture large, patulous anteriorly;
posterior angle acute, outer lip thin at the edge, thick within; colu-
mella curved, somewhat reflected, reenforced by the attenuated base,

and provided with a strong oblique fold at its insertion.
The two cotypes (Cat. No. 15521(?, U.S.N.M.) were collected by
Coh:)nel Jewett at Santa Barbara, California.
One is a young specimen consisting of the nucleus and three post-nuclear whorls; the other
has lost the luicleus and probably the tirst two post-nuclear turns; the
five which remain measure: Length 6.1 mm., diameter 3.8 mm.
ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) INFLATA

Plate
XLVII,
Carpenter.
fig. 8.
Nuclear whorls decollated. Post-nuclear whorls

curved over the anterior two-thirds of the whorl
between the sutures and more strongly so on the posterior third, this
portion forming an evenly curved shoulder.
Extreme summit of the
whorls slightly flattened and narrow, rendering the sutures well marked.
Periphery of the last whorl subangulated. Base attenuated, rather
suddenly contracted below the periphery, which gives the space
between the periphery and the umbilical area a concave aspect. P^ntire
surface marked by tine lines of g'rowth and many fine, closely placed
spiral lirations, five of which are a little stronger than the rest and
divide the space between the sutures into subequal areas.
There are
about 30 of these threads upon the last turn between the summit and
the peripher}' and about 60 on the base.
Aperture very large, patulous
anteriorly; outer lip thin at the edge but very thick within; columella
decidedly curved, and revolute, reenforced to the very edge by the
attenuated base, provided with a strong oblique fold at its insertion.
The type and a young individual (Cat. No. 15521/v) were collected
by J. G. Swan at Neah Bay, Washington. It has the last four Avhorls
(the nucleus and probably the first post-nuclear turn being lost) and
measures: Length 6.2 mm., diameter 3.8 mm.
Shell ovate, white.
inflated,
gentl}"
N0.1574.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLID.EDALL AND BARTSCH. 525
ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) COLUMBIANA,

Plate
XLVII,
Shell larg-e, elongate-conic, white.
new
species.
fig. 9.
Nuclear whorls small, vitreous,
planorboid, deeply obliquel}^ immersed in the
first
of the succeeding-
turns, above which only the tilted edge of the last volution
is visible.
Post-Tuiclear whorls increasing regularly in size, well rounded, very
narrowly roundly shouldered at the summits, which renders the sutPeriphery of the last whorl somewhat inflated.
Base well rounded, attenuated anteriorly to reenforce the cokniiella.
Entire surface covered by numerous somewhat wavy, subequal and
subequally closely placed spiral lirations. of which about 40 occur
between the summit and the periphery and about an equal number on
Aperture large, decidedly patulous ante
the base of the last whorl.
riorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at the edge, very thick
within; columella curved and strongly reflected, free only at its anterior extremity, provided with a strong oblique fold at its insertion.
The type and 5 specimens (Cat. No. 126658, U.S.N.M.) were collected by Dr. C. F. Newcombe at Victoria, Vancouver Island, British
Columbia. It has 6 post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 8. 3 mm.,
diameter !. 2 mm. Three other specimens (Cat. No. 196245, U.S.N.M.)
were dredged by the Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross at Station
No. 4213, off Port Townsend, Washington, in 23 to 25 fathoms, gray
sand and broken shell, bottom temperature 51'-'. Another (Cat. No.
196246, U.S.N.M) at Station No. 4203, at Fort Rupert, Vancouver
Island, British Columbia, in 25 to 30 fathoms, volcanic sand and gravel
and broken shell and sponge, bottom temperature 49.1^.
ures well marked.
ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) DEHCIOSA,

Plate
XLVII,
new
species.
fig. 5.
Shell small, elongate-conic, translucent to milk-white.

Nuclear
whorls small, deeply immersed in the first of the succeeding turns
above which only a portion of the last turn is visible. Post-nuclear
whorls moderately rounded, very weakly roundly shouldered at the
summit, separated by strongly marked sutures; a narrow band appears
summit showing its junction with the preceding turn.

Periphery and base of the last whorl inflated and well rounded.
Entire surface of base and spire marked by very fine lines of growth
and numerous microscopic wavy spiral striations. Aperture rather
large, somewhat effuse anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip
thin; columella rather stout, strongly curved, and revolute, reenforced
by the attenuated base, and covered with a strong fold at its insertion.
This fold can be seen through the transparent shell as a quite strong
lamella on the pillar of the turns.
aljout the
526
The type
(Cat.
vol.
xxxm.
from Monterey, has 6i

mm., diameter l.i) mm.
No. 1963U1, U.S.N.M.) also comes from Mon-
No. 46492, U.S.N.M.)
is
post-nuclear whorls and measures, leng-th 4
Another specimen
(Cat.
terey, California.
ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) TACOMAENSIS,

Plate
XLVIl,
fig.
new
species.
10.
Nuclear whorls small, deeply immersed in

Post-nuclear whorls well rounded,
Periphery of the
faintly roundly shouldered at the extreme summits.
Base inflated, well rounded, somewhat attenuated
last whorl rounded.
anteriorly.
Surface covered by numerous equal and equally closely
spaced slender wavy spiral striations of which there are about 40
between the summit and the periphery of the last whorl. Base marked
Shell ovate, yellowish.
the
first
of the succeeding turns.
like the space posterior to
entire surface of the shell
it.
is
In addition to the spiral sculpture the
crossed by numerous fine lines of growth.
Aperture moderately large, oval, well rounded anteriorly; posterior

angle
acute; outer
lip
reenforced, except at
its
thin; columella
curved, slightly
reflected,
extreme anterior end, by the attenuated base
and provided with a strongly oblique fold at its insertion.

The type (Cat. No. 159267, U.S.N.M.) has 5 post-nuclear whorls,
and measures: length 4.3 mm., diameter 2.5 mm. It was collected by
Mr. Fisher at Tacoma, Washington.
ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) VALDEZI,

Plate
new
species.
XLVIII, % -
Shell small, thin, very elongate-oval, subdiaphanous to milk-white,

having the entire surface marked by rather strong lines of growth
and numerous microscopic spiral striations. Nuclear whorls deeply
obliquely immersed in the first of the succeeding turns, above which
only the tilted edge of the last turn is visible. Post-nuclear turns
rather high between the sutures, well rounded, with narrowly roundly
shouldered summits. Periphery and base of the last turn inflated and
well rounded, the latter with a very narrow umbilical chink.
Aperture moderately large, oval; posterior angle acute; columella strongly
curved, reenforced ])y the attenuated base and provided with a moderately strong fold opposite the umbilical chink.
The type has 5 post-nuclear whorls, and measures: length 3 nnn.,

diameter 1.3 mm. ltandanotherspecimen(Cat. No. 196249, U.S.N.M.)
were collected by Mr. S. S. Berry in 12 fathoms, off Del Monte, MonTwo additional specimens from the same station
terey, California.
are in Mr. Berry's collection.
N0.1574.
ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) TENUISCULPTA

Plate
XLVII,
Carpenter.
fig. 6.
Odostomia tenuisculpta Carpenter, 2nd Rept. Brit. Astôc Adv.
Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist.,
XV,
Sci., 1864, p. 659;
1865, p. 30.
Shell elongate-ovate, yellowi.sh, with the early whorls .spirally lirate
and the
later ones
011I3'
obsoletel}" so.
Nuclear whorls small, smooth,
obliqueh' almost completely immersed in the

turns.
mits.
lirfe
first
of the succeeding-
Post-imclear whorls evenly well-rounded with appressed sum-
The
first
three
marked between the sutures
b,y
of which there arc about 15 on the second turn.
many subequal
On
turns these lirations become quite obsolete.
the last
two
Periphery and base of

the last whorl inflated and well-rounded, marked b}- very feeble spiral
striation and lines of growth.
Aperture moderately largo, oval;
somewhat etiuse anteriorly; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin;
columella strongly curved, reenforced partly by the attenuated l)ase,
moderately reflected anteriorly bearing a strong fold at its insertion
which appears as if it were the inflected termiimtion of the columella.
Doctor Carpenter's tvpe (Cat. No. 15520, U.S.N.M.) is a young individual.
It was collected by J. G. Swan at Neah Baj^, Washington,
has 3 post-nuclear whorls, and measures: length 2.3 mm., diameter
1.7 mm.
The adult characters were described from two specimens
(Cat. No. 46483, U.S.N.M.), collected by J. G. Swan at Neah Bay.
Washington. One of these, the one figured, has 6 post-nuclear
whorls and measures: length 5.3 mm., diameter 2.0 mm. A specimen
collected by Merrihew (Cat. No. 196247, U.S.N.M.), at Port Harford,
California, bears a slender raised cord on the periphery of the whorl.
The large series of specimens in the U. S. National Museum proves
conclusiveh" that O. stramhiea Carpenter is the smooth southern representative of the species.
The U.
S.
National
Museum
has the following material:
Specimens of Odoslomia {Eralea) tenuinculpla Carpenter.

No. of
speci-
mens.

528
ODOSTOMIA (EVALEA) PHANEA,

XLVIII,
Plate
Odostomia (Evalea)
pi.
I,
Hist.,
fig.
15,
3d
ser.,
1865, p.
species.
fig. 7.
Dall and Bartsch, Mem.
c/ouldi
not Odufitomia
XV,
new
vouxxxm.
Cala. Acad., 1903, p. 282,
Carpenter, Ann. Mag. Nat.

30 {=Ôdostomia (Amaura) gouldl Carpenter,
(? var.)
gouldii
of the present paper).
and shinNuclear whorls small, deeply immersed in the lirst of the succeeding turns. Post-nuclear whorls rather high between the sutures,
well rounded with scarcely an indication of a shoulder at the summit,
separated by well-marked sutures. Periphery and the rather long
base of the last whorl well rounded. The first two whorls are reguShell elongate-ovate, subdiaphanoiis to milk-white, stout
ing.
larly closely spirally striated, in the third the striation
becomes enfee-
bled and on the penultimate decidedly obsolete, while the base
is
About 18 of the striae are visible on the third turn. Aperture large, oval, somewhat effuse anteriorly; columella decidedly
curved and reilected, reenforced by the attenuated base, provided
smooth.
with a strong oblique fold at
The type has
its
insertion.
whorls and measures: Length 4.8; diamIt and another specimen (Cat. No. 46408, U.S.N.M.)
eter 2.0 mm.
belong to the Stearns collection and come from Monterey, California.
5 post-nuclear
There are 4 other lots in the collection of the U. S. National Museum,

from Monterey. Cat. No. 46496, one- specimen belongs to the
Stearns collection; Cat. Nos. 46474 and 46479, one specimen each collected by Doctor Canlield, and Cat. No. 159459, two collected by
Doctor ball.
all
Subgenus
Amaura Moller, Index
Very
Moller.
Moll. Groenlandica, 1842, p.
7.
large, usually inflated Odostomias, the sculpture of which con-
very
sists of
AMAURA
tine lines of
growth and
still
timer
wavy
closely placed
spiral striations.
Ti/pe.
Amaura Candida Moller.

KEY TO SPECIES OF AMAURA.
Shell umbilicated:
Adult shell large, 10

Adult shell medium
mm.
long
size, 7
mm.
kennerlei/i.
satura.
or less long
Shell not umbilicated:
Whorls with the summit appressed

nuciformis.
Shell shortly ovate
o rellana.
Shell elongate-ovate
Whorls with the summits shouldered

Adult shell more than 9 mm. long
Adult shell
less
than
mm.
long
montereyensis.
-
goiddii.
NO. 1574.
WEST A ME RICA N P
'RA MIDELLID. EDA LL A ND
ODOSTOMIA (AM AURA) KENNERLEYI,

riate
XLVIII,
new
BA R TSCIL
529
species,
figs. S, 8rf.
Shell lar^'e, very thin, broadly conic, umbilicated, yellowish-white;
marked by subobsolete, snbequal, and

wrinkles, about 15 of which
the last whorl.
Iii
may
subequally
be seen on
addition to these wrinkles,
spaced
spiral
the body and base of
many
faint,
closely-
placed spiral and vertical striae are present.
Nuclear whorls small,

deeply immersed, the axis
about 2i forming- a depressed spire which is

of which is almost at right angles to the axis of the latter whorls.
Post-nuclear whorls very wide, inflated, well rounded, faintly shouldered at the summit. Sutures well marked, simple. Periphery and
base of the last whorl inflated, well rounded, the latter decidedly contracted and narrowly umbilicated.
Aperture large, suboval, somewhat efl'use anteriorly; posterior angle obtuse; outer lip thin; columella
straig'ht, obliijuely
inserted,
revolute, not reenforced
with an ol)lique weak fold near

apparently without a callus.
base,
its
by the
insertion; parietal
wall
The type (Cat. No.. 150564, U.S.N.M.) was collected by Rev. G. W.

Taylor at Nanaimo, British Columbia. It has 6 post-nuclear whorls
which measure: Length 10.2 nnn., diameter mm.
Two other specimens (Cat. No. 44:93,^, U.S.N.M.) were collected by
Doctor Kennerley at Puget Sound, Washington, and another (Cat.
No. 129121) ]\y Prof. O. B. Johnson, at Seattle, Washington.
ODOSTOMIA (AM AURA) SATURA

Plate
XLVIII.
fifjs.
.5,
Carpenter.
ba.
Odostomia satura C.'^rpexter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., od

I
var.
pup iformis Cahpenteu, Ann. Mag.
ser.,
Nat. Hist., 3d ser.,
XV, 186.5, p.
XV, 1865, p.
29.
29.
Shell of medium size, l)roadly conic, white.

Nuclear whorls at least
two, forming a depressed spire, the axis of which is almost at a right
angle to the axis of the later whorls, and which is deeply, somewhat
immersed in the first post-iuiclear turn. Post-nuclear whorls

moderately well rounded, faintly shouldered at the suumiit, marked
all over by irregular rough, low, tumescenses, which simulate obsolete vertical ri])s.
Sutures simple, well marked. Periphery of the
last whorl well rounded.
Base quite short, decidedly rounded, and
uml)i Heated.
LTml)ilicus partly covered by the revolute columella.
Aperture large, very broadly oval, somewhat eliuse anteriorly; posobli(|uely
terior angle obtuse;
outer lip thick; columella moderately strong,

oblique, decidedly curved, with a decided oblique fold, situated considerably anterior to its insertion; parietal wall covered by a fairly thick
callus.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
34
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.'
530
vol.
xxxm.
The type (Cat. No. 15520, U.S.N.M.) was collected ])y J. G. Swan
Neah Bay, Washino-ton. It has 5^ whorls w^hich measure: Length
6.4 mm., diameter 3.5 mm.
The specimen upon which Doctor Carpenter fixed the name j)uptformk (Cat. No. 15520rt, U.S.N.M.) collected by J. G. Swan at Neah
at
It is a freak,
Ba}', Washington, is not worthy of a varietal name.
having the spire less elevated, which is, perhaps, due to some injury
It agrees
received at an early date, evidence of which seems present.
perfectly in every detail with the type of aatura excepting the shape
of the spire.
ODOSTOMIA (AMAURA) NUCIFORMIS

Plate
XLVIII,
Carpenter.
tigs. 3, 3a.
Odostomla naciformis Carpenter, Ann. Mag. Nat.
His^t.,
3d
ser.,
XY,
1865, p. 30.
Shell large, shortly ovate, jêllowish to milk-white.

Nuclear whorls
deeply immersed; only half of the last turn is seen in tilted position
when viewed from above. Post-nuclear whorls increasing rapidly in
size, well rounded, having their summits closely appressed to the preceding whorl. Sutures moderately well impressed. Periphery and
Aperture rather large, ovate,

base of the last whorl well rounded.
white within; posterior angle acute; outer lip moderately thin at the
edge, thicker within; columella short, strongly curved, with a strong
oblique fold at its insertion; reenforced by the attenuated base; pariewall covered by a weak callus.
The type (Cat. No. 15517, U.S.N.M.) comes from Neah Bay, Washington.
It has 5 post-nuclear whorls which measure: Length 7.7 mm.,
tal
diameter
i.-I
mm.
Odostomld {Amcnira) miclforinis Carpenter differs from its subIt is

species in having the spire more depressed than either of them.
a short, stubby inflated, ovoid shell, having the summit of the whorls
closely appressed.
ODOSTOMIA (AMAURA) NUCIFORMIS AVELLANA

Plate
Odustumki
(? var.
XLVIII,
Carpenter.
figy. 1, In.
avellana Carpenter,
Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist.,
3d
ser.,
XV,
1865, p. 30.
Shell large, elongate-ovate, yellowish to milk-white. Nuclear whorls

deeply vertically immersed; only part of the last volution is visible
when viewed from above, their axis evidently being at a right angle
Post-nuclear whorls increasing rapidly
to the axis of the later whorls.
in size, early ones well rounded, later ones less so, their summits being
closely appressed to the preceding whorl.
Sutures well impressed,
simple.
Periphery and base of the
last
whorl well rounded, the
hitter
NO. 1574.
WEST AMERICAN PYRAMIDELLID-^-DALL AND BARTSCH. 531
somewhat elongated.
Aperture
laroe. ovate,
somewhat
effuse ante-
riorl3\ milk-white witliiu; posterior angle acute; outer lip thin at the
edge, thieli within; columella short curved, reenforced partly hy the
attenuated base, having a strong oblique fold at
its
insertion; parietal
wall covered by a moderately strong callus.
The type (Cat. No.
lo517/>,
U.S.N.M.) comes from Xeah Bay. Washwhorls and measures: Length 8.3 mm.,
It has 5 post-nuclear
ington.
diameter 4.3 nun.

The present subspecies differs from (K {A.) /nwJ/or//u'.s Carpenter
chiefly in having the spire much more elongated.
ODOSTOMIA iÂMAURAi MONTEREYENSIS, new

Plate
Shell large,
.><iniilar
in
XLVIII,
form
ti<rg.
species.
h, 6f.
to <K {A.) n. avtllana:
white, shining.
Nuclear whorls 3. ludicoid. (juite elevated, deeply innnersed in the tirst

of the succeeding whorls, having their axis at a right angle to the axis
Post-nuclear whorls well rounded, with a beveled
of the later whorls.
Sutures well marked, simple. Periphery
shoulder at the summits.
and base of the last whorl well rounded and inflated, the latter some-
what elongated.
Aperture subovate, somewhat effuse anteriorly; pos-
terior angle acute; outer lip thin at the edge, thick within; columella
curved and somewhat revolute, having a prominent oblique fold near its
insertion; parietal wall covered by a thin callus.
The type (Cat. No. 40473. U.S.X.^Nl.) is from ^Monterey, California.
It has 6 post-nuclear whorls which measure: Length !t.6 mm., diameter
5.1
mm.
In addition to these others have been
named
for the University of
California from Monterey; for Mr. S. 8. Berry from Vl fathoms
off'
Del Monte, ^Monterey Bay; for Mrs. Okhun'd from San Pedro, and
for ]\Ir. Kelsey from San Diego, California.
This species resembles O. {A.)
n.
avelhina Carpenter, but differs
markedly from that form by having the sunmiits of the whorls

shouldered.
ODOSTOMIA AMAURAi GOULDII

I
Plate
Odostomia
(? var.
//oit/c/w
"
XLVIII,
Cakpextek, Ann.
Carpenter.
lig. 4.
Ma^:. Xat. Hist.,
;>(l
ser.,
XV,
1865,
p. 29.
medium size, elongate-conic, yellowish-white, the exterior

marked by irregular tumescences, giving it a much worn
Shell of
surface
appearance.
Nuclear whorls three, deeply immersed, having their
axis at about a right angle to the axis of the succeeding turns.
nuclear whorls moderateh" well
Post-
rounded, faintly shouldered at the
532
vol.
xxxm.
summit. Sutures suuplc. well mtirked. Periphery and base of the

Umbilicus
last whorl well rounded, the latter somewhat elono-ated.
Aperture quite laroe, pyriform, posterior angle obtuse, outer
faint.
lip moderately thick; columella very oblique, fairly strong, revolute,
with a
stronji"
fold
somewhat anterior
to its insertion; parietal wall
covered with a fairly strong callus.

The type (Cat. No. ^2'2S21, U.S.N.M.) comes from Neah Bay, Washington.
It has 6 post-nuclear whorls and measures: Length 0.1 mm.,
diameter
8.
mm.
Ill
crowded striation has been omitted, while

where shown it has been exaggerated by the artist. Attention is
under the explanation of the figures. The measurements cited after
instances the very fine, closely
some
in .ither cases
called to this
the
names
refer to the axial length of the specimen.
Plate XLIV.
Fid.
1.
Turhomlln {Strioturhonilla) vancoKvereiims Baird; 6.2

spiral markings have been omitted in this figure.
2.
2a.
3.
Nucleus of same, lateral view, much enlarged.

TurhoniUa{PyrgoIampros)valdezi, new species; type; 5.6
fine spiral markings have been omitted in this figure.
fine
p. 495.
The
mm.;
p. 502.
The
mm.;
p. 500.
The
Nucleus of same, seen from above,

Turbonilla {Pyrgolampros)
fine spiral
li/alli,
markings have been omitted in
5.7
this figure.
much enlarged.
new species; type; 3.6 mm.; p. 493.
Turbonilla {P>jrgolampros)vicloriana, new species; type; 7 mm.; p.
Nucleus of same, lateral view,
4a.
5.
much enlarged.
new species; type;
The
p. 495.
TnrhunUla{ChenniU:ia) muricatoide,^, ne\\- species-, type; 3mm.;

fine spiral markings have been omitted in this tigure.
3a.
4.
mm.;
Turbonilla {Turbonilla) giUi,
6.
fine spiral
markings have been omitted in this
7.
Turbonilla {Turboriilla) gillidelinontensis,
8.
Turbonilla {Strioturhonilla) semv,

fine spiral
new subspecies;
type;
SAmm
The
much enlarged.
new species;- type; 11.5mm.;
p. 499.
The
markings have been omitted in
9a.
figure.
this figure.
much enlarged.
new species; type;
much enlarged,
Turbonilla {Pyrgolampros) berryi,
10.
10a.
n.
Turbonilla
{Strioturbonilla)
p. 494.
p. 497.
species; type; 7.7
Turbonilla (Pijrgol(impros) taglori,

fine spiral
mm.;
new
markings have been omitted in this
8a.
9.
The
501.
figure.
Carpenter; 6.5
styliiui
mm.;
mm.;
p. 500.
p. 497.
The
fine
markings have been omitted in this figure.

Nucleus (jf same, lateral view, much enlarged.
spiral
11a.
Plate XLV.
Fig.
1.
la.
2.
3.
3a.
4.
Turbonilla
{I''ijrgiscuK)
nwrchi,
new
species; type, 6.4
mm.;
p. 505.

Turbonilla {Pyrgolampros) oregonensis, new species; type; 8.5 mm.;
The fine spiral markings have been omitted in this figure.
Turbonilla {Pyrgiscus) tenuicula Gould; 6.1 mm.; p. 508.
much enlarged.
new species; type;
much enlarged.
Turbonilla {Pyrgiscus) antestriata,
9.7
mm.;
p. 503.
p. 506.

The
5. Turbonilla {Pyrgolampros) aurantia Carpenter; tyi)e; 6.2 mm.; p. 502.
spiral markings have been exaggerated in this figure.
503.
6. Turbonilla {Pyrgolampros) newcombei, new species; type; 5.4 mm.; p.
7. Turbonilla {Mormula) lordi Smith; 21 mm.; p. 510.
7a. Nucleus of same, lateral view, much enlarged.
4a.
8.
8a.
9.
10.
Turbonilla {Pyrgiscus) eacosmobasis,
new
species; type; 11.2

Turbonilla {Mormida) trideniata Carpenter; 12.8 mm.;
Turbonilla{3formtda) eschschoUzi,
new
mm.;
p. 507.
p. 511.
species; type; 13.3
mm.;
p. 513.
533
534
vol. xxxni.
Plate XT. VI.

Fig.
1.
Ododomid (Chrysallida)
2.
Odostoinla (Ividia) navisu,
Nucleus
2a.
of
new
uMrlcta,
new
much
same, lateral view,
Odostomia (Ividia) navisa delmontensis,
3.
mm.;
species; type; 2.9
species; type; 2.9
mm.;
p. 515.
p. 517.
enlarged.
new subspecies;
type; 3.2
mm.
p. 518.

4. Odostomia {Chrysallida) montereyensis, new species; type; 3nim.
p. 516.
5. Odostomia {Menestho) harfordensis, new species; type; 3.2 mm.; \). 521.
6. Odostomia [Menestho) exara, new species; type; 3.9 mm.; p. 521.
7. Odostomia {Chrysallida) cooperl, new species; type; 3.1 mm.; p. 514.
8. Odostomia {Menestho) pharcida, new name; type; 2.2 mm.; p. 520.
9. Odostomia {lolaea) amianta, new species; type; 4.5 mm.; j>- 519.
9a. Nucleus of same, seen from above, much enlarged.
3a.
new species;
much enlarged.
Oilostomia {Chrysallida) oregonensis,
10.
10a.
mm.;
type; 3.3
p. 516.
Plate XLVIl.
Fig.
1.
spiral sculpture is
2.
Odostomia, {Evalea) anyularis,
sculpture
3.
new species;
somewhat exaggerated in
Odostomia {Evalea) tillamookensix,
is
Odostomia {Evalea)
sculpture
is
new
jeicetti,
new
mm.
species; type; 5.6
somewhat exaggerated
13.522.
The
\>.
The
spiral
523.
in this figure.
species; type;
somewhat exaggerated
new
4.1mm.;
type;
this figure.
6.1mm.;
The
p. 523.
spiral
in this figure.
species; type; 6.3
mm.;
4.
Turbonilla {Pyrgiscus) canjieldi,
4a.

Odostomia {Evalea) deliciosa, new species; type; 4 mm.; p. 525. The fine
spiral markings have been omitted in tliis figure.
Odostomia {Evalea) tenuisculpta Carpenter; 5.3 mm.; p. 527. The fine spiral
markings have been omitted in this figure.
5.
6.
new
species; type; 13.5
mm.;
7.
Tarhonilla {Pyrgiscus) castanea,
8.
Odostomia {Eralea) inflata Carpenter; type; 6.2 ni.m..; p. 524.

sculpture has been somewhat exaggerated in this figure.
9.
Odostomia {Evalea) columhiana,

spiral sculpture has
10.
Odostomia {Evalea) tacomaensis,

spiral sculpture
new species;
type; 8.3
mm.
been somewhat exaggerated in
new species;
type; 4.3
p. 504.
p. 509.
The
fine spiral
p. 525.
The fine
this figure.
mm.;
p. 526.
The fine
has been somewhat exaggerated in this figure.
Plate XLVIII.
Fig.
la.
Odostomia {Amaura) n uc ifor7nis avellana Carpenter; type; 9.1 mm.;

Nucleus of same, seen from above, much enlarged.
2.
Odostomia {Evalea)
1.
valdezi,
new species;
type; 3
mm.
p. 526.
p. 530.
The fine spiral
sculpture has been omitted in this figure.
mm.;
3.
Odostomia {Amaiir'a) nuciformis Carpenter; type; 7.7
3a.
4.
Nucleus of same, seen from al)Ove, much enlarged.

Odostomia {Amaura) gouldii Carpenter; type; 6.1 mm.;
5.
Odostomia {Amaura) sniwa Carpenter; type; 6.5
5a.
Nucleus of same, seen from above, much enlarged.

Odostomia {Amaura) montereyensis, new species; type; 9.6 mm.;
fine spiral sculpture is somewhat exaggerated in this figure.
6.
6a.
7.
Odostomia {Evalea) phanea,
8.
Odost-omia
8a,
{Amaura)
new
kennerleyi,
much
mm.;
mm.;
species; type; 10.2
much
p. 531.
p. 529.
p. 531.
enlarged.
species; type; 4.8
new
p. 530.
enlarged.
p. 528.
mm.;
p. 529.
The
U.
S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PL.
XLIV
2a
8a
West American
10
Turbonilla.
For explanat(on of plate see page 533.
11
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL XXXlll
West American Turbonilla.

PL.
XLV
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
3a
9a
PL.
XLVI
2a
10a
10
West American Odostomia.
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PL. XLVIl
10
West American
Pyramidellid/e.
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
3a
6a
la
West American Odostomia.

For;
EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 534.
PL. XLVIII
LIST OF FISHES COLLECTED IN

ZORG, JAVA, BY DR. DOUGLAS
THE RIVER AT BUYTENHOUGHTON CAMPBELL.
By David Starr Jordan and Alvin

Of Sta7iford
Seale,
University.
In the summer of 1906, Dr. Douglas Houghton Campbell, professor

botany in Stanford University, made a visit to the famous botanic
garden at Buytenzorg, in Java. While there he obtained a small but
finely preserved collection of the river fishes, recorded in the present
paper. A series of specimens is in the United States National
Museum and in the museum of Stanford University. One species is
apparently new to science, (rlo.'^fiogohiufi camphelUanus.
of
Family
I.
Length
length of
MONOPTERID^.
MONOPTERUS ALBUS
between
of head, 10.20 in distance

tail,
(Zuieuw).
tip of
snout and vent;
2.50 in distance anterior of vent; eye S in head,
midway
between tip of snout and angle of mouth; teeth small, conical, in

bands tapering toward angle of mouth; palatine teeth similar to those
of jaw; tail tapering and narrow; origin of dorsal above vent; color in
spirits, greenish above, lighter below, some small dark specks on head.
One specimen,
length 12.50 inches.
CLARIID^.
CLARIAS MAGUR (Buchanan-Hamilton).
Family
2.
Macroptei'onotns
pi.
Clarias
XXVI,
fig.
magur Buchanan-Hamilton, Fishes, Ganges, pp.
magvr Cuvier and Valenciennes,
V, p.
146, 374,
45.
Poiss.,
XV,
p. 283.
GiInther,
Cat.,
17.
Clarias batrachus
Bleeker,
Atl. Ich., II,
Silurus batrachus Linnaeus, which
is
p.
103, pi. xcviii, lig.
2;
Java (not
Clarias fusnis Lacepede).
Head 5 in length to base of caudal; depth 6.50 eye 9 in head. D. 64

A. 52; dorsal fin not attached to caudal; vomerine teeth in united
band; maxillary barbel extending to posterior third of pectoral or
beyond.
Four specimens, length, 2.5 to 8 inches.
;
Proceedings U.
S.

535
536
Family
3.
vol. xxxni.
SILURID^.
OMPOK BIMACULATUS
(Bloch).
Block, Ausl. Fisch., VIII, p. 24, pi. ccclxiv (Malabar).

Lacepede, Poiss., V, p. 50.
Callichroiis bimaculatus Bleeker, Atl. Ich., p. 84, pi. lxxvii, fig. 3 (Java).
Day, Fishes of India, p. 476, pi. ex, figs. 4 and 5. Gunther, Cat., V, p. 45.
Silu.nts bimaculatus
Ompok
sibtroides
Head
4.60; depth 4.50; e^ê 5.50 in liead; snout 4; D. 4; A. 62;

bands of fine, sharp-pointed teeth in jaws; vomerine teeth in a
single small patch on each side; maxillary extending to anterior margin of eye, lower jaw projecting; a single maxillary barbel on each
side, the tip of which extends to near posterior end of pectoral fin;
origin of dorsal fin directly above origin of ventrals; distance from
tip of snout to origin of dorsal, 2 in distance from origin of dorsal to
end of caudal vertebrae.
Color in spirits, a dull grayish, a round dusky spot on anterior of
v., 8;
body
slightly posterior to origin of lateral line.
Two
specimens, length 7.20-8.20 inches.

priority over CnlUcJirous.
The name Om/pok has

4.
HYPSELOBAGRUS MACRONEMUS
(Bleeker).
Bagrus viacronemHS, singaringan, und hetprnrvs Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen.,

1 Silur., 1846, p.
Eypselohagrus macronema Bleeker, Atl.
Head
XXT,
22 (Java).
Irli., II, p. 58, pi.
lxxiii (Java).
4.50; depth 4.20; eye 4 in head; snout 2.40; interorbital 3;
A. 11; adipose fin very long, its base 2.14 in length without caudal; 4 barbels to each side, the maxillary barbels extending to
origin of anal fin; vomerine teeth united in a single band, similar to
teeth in jaws; origin of ventrals on a line with origin of adipose dorsal;
D.;
I. 7;
first s])ine of
pectorals slightly serrate.
One specimen,
length 8.20 inches.
HEMIBAGRUS PLANICEPS
5.
(Kuhl and
Van
Bagrus planireps Cuvier and Valenciennes, Nat. Hist.

(Java
Hasslt).
Poiss.,
XIV,
p. 421
Heviibagrus plankrps Bleeker, Atl. Ich. >Silur., p. 5(i, pi. lxxi (Java).
Macrones planiccps GiJNTiiER Cat., V, p. 81 (Java and Sumatra).
depth 6.10; eye 6 in head; snout 2.75; interorbital 3 D.I,

8; A., 13; base of adipose fin, 1.50 in head; barbels, 4 on each side,
maxillary barbels extending to dorsal fin; vomerine teeth in a united
Head
band;
4;
first
Color in
spine of pectoral serrate;

spirits,
first
dorsal spine slightly serrate.
grayish, an indistinct
origin of lateral line.
Six specimens, length 5 to 9.75 inches.
dusky spot on
sides near

NO. 1575.
FISHES FROM B UYTENZORG, JA VA JORDAN AND SEALE.
537
Family COBITID.^.
NEMACHEILUS FASCIATUS
6.
Nemacheilus fascial us
p. 133.
Kuhl and Von Hasselt, Algrm.
Bleeker,
Atl.
Ich., p.
Van
(Kuhl and
70, pi.
cm,
fig.
Hasselt).
Konst. Letterb., XI, 1833,
Gunther,
7.
Cat.,
VII,
p. 349 (Java).
Cobitis fasciala
Cuvier and Valenciennes,
Poiss.,
XVIII,
p. 18.
4.50; depth 5; eye 4.10 in head; snout 2.45; interorbital

D.
12; A. 7; barbels 5, the maxillary pair scarcely reachin.o;
2.45;
opercle origin of dorsal in line with origin of ventrals.
Color in spirits, body with 15 to 20 vertical yellowish bands; base of
caudal with dark blotch or band; some specimens with a dusky spot
Head
on anterior of dorsal.
Twenty-six specimens, length 1.25
7.
to 2.50 inches.
LEPIDOCEPHALICHTHYS HASSELTII
Cobitis hassdiii
(Cuvier and Valenciennes).
Civier and Valenciennes, Poiss., XVIII, p. 5(5.

Bleeker, Atl. Ich., Ill, p. 13, pi. cm,
Lejndoctjihalichlhys hasseltii
fig.
2 fBuyten-
zorg, Java).
Head
5;
depth 5.25; eye 3.50
in
head; snout 2.75; D. 8; A. 7;
caudal truncate; barbels present.

Color, in
s])irits,
yellowish, mottled with brownish blotches above; a
narrow dusky median line on

a dusky line on side of snout.
sides; dorsal
and caudal with
fine dots;
Family CYPRINID.E.
8.
CYPRINUS CARPIO
Three specimens of the

to belong to
common
the variety called
(Linnaeus).
carp.
A second specimen seems
Cyprinus fqvijnnna
by Doctor
Bleeker.
Head 3.20; depth 3; eye 5 in head; snout 2.85; interorbital 2.85;

D. 20; A. 8; scales 6-34-5.
Color in spirits, yellowish, darker above.
9.
KAMPALA MACROLEPIDOTA
Capoeta
macrolepidota
(Kuhl and
Van
Poiss.,
Hasselt).
XVI,
p.
280, pi.
fig.
2 (Java).
CCCCLXXVII.
Hampala
macrolepidota
Bleeker,
Atl. Ich., Ill, p. 112, pi. xxxviii,
Barbus hampal Gunther, Cat., VII, p. 139.
Head
3.50; depth 4; eye 4.85
3.50; scales 4-28-5;
in
D. 12; A. HI,
head; snout 3.30;
5.
oAtl. Ich., Ill, p. 74, pi. cviii,
fig. 3.
interorbital
538
vol.
xxxm.
Color in spirits dull yellowish; upper and lower margin of caudal

black; front margin of dorsal black; a large dusky blotch on sides
below anterior portion of dorsal.
Three specimens, length 3 to 7.50 inches.

This species belongs to the genus or section Hampala, distinguished
by the form of the mouth, which is larger than usual in Pmitius and
Capoeta.
lo.
BARBODES RUBRIPINNIS
(Kuhl and
Van
Hasselt).
KuHLand Van Hasselt), Cuvier and Valenciennes,

149. GtiNTHER, Cat., VII, p. 116.
Puntivs rubripinnis Bleeker, Atl. Ich., Ill, pi. cxxxiv, fig. 3.
Barbus ruhrijpinnis
XVI,
Head
Poiss.,
p.
2.60; eye 4.50 in head; snout 3.40; interorD. 11; A. 9; third dorsal ray strong and serrate
behind; scales 5-32-5; barbels 4; the upper pair one-half length of
lower; lips smooth.
Color in spirits, yellowish, slightly darker above; an indistinct
bital
4.20; depth
2.10;
dusky blotch on caudal peduncle.
Two specimens, lengtliP3.25 to 7 inches.

Barhodes is distinguished from Puntius
(SystO'/nus)
by the presence
of four barbels.
II.
Barbus
BARBODES OBTUSIROSTRIS
obtusirosiris
XVI,
p. 167
(Van Hasselt) Cuvier and Valenciennes, Nat.
(Java). Gunther,
Hist. Poiss.,
Cat., VII, p. 121 (Java).
Puntius obtusimstris Bleeker, Atl. Ich., IV,
Head
(Van Hasselt).
p. 106, pi. cxxxiii, fig. 1.
depth 2.60; eye 3.25 in head; snout 3.30; interorbital 2.75; D. 11; A. 12; scales 5-26-3; origin of dorsal on a
line with origin of ventral; third dorsal ray strong and denticulate.
Color in spirits, yellowish, slightly darker above tip of dorsal and
margin of caudal dusky.
4.10;
Four specimens, length 4.25

12.
to 5 inches.
BARBODES BINOTATUS
(Kuhl).
Barbus binotatus and B. maculatus Cuvier and Valenciennes,
Poiss.,
XVI, pp.
168-195 (Java).
Barbus maculatus Gunther, Cat., VII, p. 123.

Barbus microps GUnther, Cat. VII, p. 124 (Java).
Head
3.10; depth 3.10;
eye3inhead; snout4; D.
11; A. 8; scales
5-22-3; barbels 4; origin of dorsal over origin of ventrals.

Color in spirits, yellowish white, darker above; a round black spot
on middle of caudal peduncle, another at anterior base of dorsal, and

one at anterior base of anal; a broken indistinct dusky line along
middle of sides, this line made up of more or less numerous black
dots.
These markings disappear more or less completely with age.
Numerous specimens, length
IJ to 3 inches.

NO. 1575.
FISIIE,<;
FROM B UYTENZORG,
JA
VA JORDAN AND SEALE.
539
There seems to be no important reason for separating the Java

from the common East Indian
species of this type, for wliich the oldest name seems to be binotatus.
species, Barhodes micro ps (Giinther),
13.
ANEMATICHTHYS APOGON
(Kuhl).
Barhus apogon Cuvier and Valenciennes, Poiss., XVI, p. I'.92 (Java).

THER, Cat., VII, p. 150 (Java).
Cyclocheilichthys apogon 'BhF.EK'E'R, Atl. Ich., Ill, pi. cxxxi, fig. 3 (Java).
Gi'iN-
Head
3.50; depth 2.S0; eye 3.30 hi head; snout 3.30; interorD. 12; A. 8; scales 34; origm of dorsal behind origin of venosseous dorsal ray serrate, its length about equal to head; no
bital 3;
trals;
barbels.
Color in
indistinct
spirits, yellowish, indistinct
dusky blotch on caudal
dusky streaks on back and
peduncle-.
Numerous specimens, length 1-5 inches.

Anematichthys differs from Cydocheilichthys in having no barbels.
14.
Rohira
OSTEOCHILUS HASSELTII
hasseltii
Ich., Ill, p. 66, pi. cxv,
Osteochilus hasseltii
Head
(Cuvier and Valenciennes).
GDnther,
fig.
Poiss.,
XVI,
p. 274.
Bleeker,
Atl.
(Java).
Cat., VII, p. 41 (Java).
4.25; depth 3; eye 4 in head;
snout 2.75; interorbital 2; D.
17; A. Ill, 5; scales 6-35-5; barbels 4; lips fringed.
Color in spirits, yellowish, a dusky line along each row

round dusky spot on caudal peduncle.
Two
of scales, a
specimens, length 3.75-5.50 inches.
Fig. 1. Rasbora lateristriata.

15.
RASBORA LATERISTRIATA
Leuciscus later istrial as
Rasbora
lateristriata
Van Hasselt,
Konst. Allg. Letterb., 1823, II, p. 132.
Bleeker, Atlas Cyprin.,
Sumatra). GtJNTHER,
(Van Hasselt).
p. 121, pi. xvii, fig.2
(Java and
Cat., VII, p. 195.
Head 4.50 in length to base of caudal; depth 3.75; e^ê 3.30 in head;
snout 3.50; interorbital 2.40; D. 9; A. 7; scales 5-30-2; lateral hne
low; mouth oblique, the maxillary scarcely extending to eye; no bar-

540
vol.xxxiii.
than 10 on lower hmb; origin of dorsal

tip of snout than base of caudal;
behind
from
tip of snout to origin of dorsal;
distance
2.50
in
longest dorsal ray
than base of caudal base of
ventral
origin
of
to
nearer
origin of anal
posterior margin of operbetween
midway
ventrals
head;
anal 2.50 in
pectorals about equal
in
head;
1.30
their
length
anal,
origin
of
cles and
longer
than head.
slightly
emarginate,
caudal
to length of head;
middle
of sides,
stripe
on
brown
white,
a
spirits,
yellowish
Color in
bels; gill rakers short, less
ventrals, slightly nearer
broad and distinct on posterior half of body and fading out anteriorly,
None of
scarcely showing on anterior third of body; fhis uniform.
This
the
vent.
spot
above
dark
of
a
any
trace
specimens
show
our
Nineteen specimens, length
is probably to be seen on adults only.
1.25 to 3.75 inches.
Family PCECILIID^.
i6.
APLOCHEILUS PANCHAX
(Buchanan-Hamilton).
Esox panchax Buchanan-Hamilton, Fishes, Ganges, pp. 211, 380, pi. iii, fig. 69.
Panchax buchanani Cuvier and Valenciennes, Poiss; XVIII, p. 283. Bleeker,
Atl. Ich., Ill, p. 141, pi. XLiii,
Haplochilus panchax
Head
2;
D.
what
7;
Gunther,
fig.
3 (Buytenzorg, Java).
Cat., VI, p. 311.
depth 4; eye 3.10 in head; snout 2.50; interorbital

A. 14; scales 24; fine teeth in jaws; snout flat and some-
3.10;
spatulate.
Color in
yellowish brown, a large distinct black ocellus on
spirits,
base of dorsal, caudal rounded.

Numerous specimens, length 1-1.40 inches.
Family EXOCCETIDyE.
DERMATOGENYS FLUVIATILIS
17.
Eemirhamphus
fluviatilis
ther, Cat., VI,
(Bleeker).
Bleeker, Nat. Tydschr. Ned.
Ind.,
1,
p. 95.
Gun-
p. 275.
eye 4 in head; snout 2.50; its length

greater than width, length of the projecting under jaw from tip of
upper 1.75 in head; D. 9; A. 14; origin of dorsal over 5th ray of
Head
4;
depth
7.50;
anal.
Ten specimens, very young, length

Family
18.
Ophicephaliis
cccxcix,
to 2 inches.
OPHICEPHALID^.
OPHICEPHALUS STRIATUS
striatus
fig.
Bloch, Ichth.,
1. GiJNTHER,
p.
Bloch.
359. Bleeker,
All.
Ich.,
IX,
pi.
Cat., Ill, p. 474 (Java).
depth 5.75; eye 8 in head; snout 5.50; interorbital

A.
27; scales 5-57-8.
4; D. 42;
Head
3.10;

NO. 1575.
FISHES FROM B UYTENZORG, JA VAJORDAN AND SEALE.
Color in spirits whitish

stripe
back from angle
of
541
below, brownish gray above; a dusky
month;
more
vertical fins with
or less dis-
tinct oblique stripes.
Three specimens, length, 5 to S.2o inches.

ig.
OPHICEPHALUS GACHNA
Ophiccphalus gachna
21.
(Buchanan-Hamilton).
Buchanan-Hamilton, Fishes Ganges,
GiJNTHER, Cat.,
p. G8,
]>1.
xxi,
lig.
Ill, p. 471.
Head 4; depth 6; eye 7.50 in head; snout 5; interorbital 3.20;

D. 33; A. 22; scales 5-43-6.
Color in spirits, brownish, indications of darker bands over back;
vertical fins margined with white; pectorals with dusky stripes.
Six specimens, length 2.25 to 6 inches.
Family
20.
ANABANTID^.
ANABAS SCANDENS
(Daldorff).
Pcrca scandens Daldorff, Trans. Linn. Soc, III, p. (j2.

Anabas scandens GiJNTHER, Cat., Ill, p. 375. Day, Fishes of India, p. 370, pi.
LCVIH, fig. 3.
Head
3;
depth
3;
eye 4.10 in head; snout
5;
D.
XVH,
S; A.
IX,
9; scales 30.
Color in spirits, brownish, black at posterior margin of opercle.

One specimen, length 4.50 inches.
Family
21.
OSPHROMENTD^.
OSPHROMENUS STRIATUS
Trichopus slnatns Bleeker, Batav. Gen., X>^111,

Osphrovienns sirialus Guntiieh, Cat., Ill, p. 380.
(Bleeker).
p. 11.
Head 2.50; depth 3; eye 3.30 in head; snout 3; D. 111,6; A. VII,

25; scales 28; outer rays of ventrals greatly prolonged.
Body with four longitudinal dusk}^ bands; in some specimens the

two median bands are more distinct than in others, the bands broadening into a dusky blotch at u])])er part of opercles, a dusky spot on
caudal peduncle.
Fifty-seven specimens, length
22.
to 2 inches.
OSPHROMENUS TRICHOPTERUS
Labrus trichopLerus Pallas, Spicilegia, VIII,
Osphromenus
Head
trichopterus
GOnther,
(Pallas),
p. 45.
Cat., Ill, p. 384 (Java).
depth 2.60; eye 3.50 in head; snout 4; interorbital

XI, 36; scales 40; ventrals consisting of two long
filaments which extend to caudal fin.
3.50;
2.75; D. VII, 6; A.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MWEIJM.
542
vc.l.xxxhi.
Color in spirits, yellowish brown, a black spot on middle of sides,

another on sides of caudal peduncle; caudal anal soft; anal with
white spots.
Ten specnnens, length 1.50 to 8.25 iiiches. This is the variety called
Icoelreuten by Cuvier and Valenciennes."
Family GOBTIDTE.
23.
GLOSSOGOBIUS TAMBUJON
(Bleeker).
Gobius tambujon Bleeker, Banten, p. 319 (Java).

Gobius tambujon Gunther, Cat., Ill, p. 32.
Head
depth 4.75; eye 3 in head; snout 4; D. VI-7; A. 7;

head naked; maxillary extending to a line with anterior
part of eye; tongue emarginate; width of head greater than its depth;
depth of head 1.50 in its length; interorbital space equal to width of
-3.30;
scales 24;
pupil; teeth minute.
Color whitish, with five indistinct dusky bands over back equal in
width to the interspaces, five dusky blotches on sides alternating with
the bars of back, dusky lines radiating from eye.
Forty. one specimens, length 1-1.50 inches.
"'iai2^.jjl^
Fir,.
24.
2. GLOSSOGOBIUS campbelli.vnus
GLOSSOGOBIUS CAMPBELLIANUS
Head
3 in length to base of caudal;
(Jordan and Seale,
depth
5;
new
species).
eye 4 in head; D. VI-
6; A. 7; scales 23; tongue notched; cheeks tumid; maxillarj' about

2 in head, extending to posterior margin of eye; interorbital narrow;
head naked, its width 1.20 in its length, its depth 2; mouth wide,
oblique, lower
jaw
slightly projecting; lips narrow; snout blunt, its
length 4.20 in head; isthmus very narrow, teeth small, sharp-pointed,

no canines the gill openings wide 2 longitudinal rows of small warts
;
on cheeks, about
3 vertical
rows on opercles; top
oNat. His. Poiss.,
pi.
cxcix.
of
head smooth and
N0.1575.
flat;
FISHES FROM BUYTENZORG, JAVA JORDAN AND SEALE.
origin of dorsal slightly posterior to axis of ventral; second dor-
sal spine long
and
thread-like, extending to behind second dorsal;
base of second dorsal 2.50 in head,

of anal
its
543
midway between
its
longest ray
in
head; origin
posterior end of maxillary and base of caudal,
longest ray 1.75 in head; tip of ventral scarcely reaching origin of
anal, its longest ray 1.20 in head; pectoral 1.15 in head,
caudal rounded,
its
no
free rays;
length 1.10 in head.
Color in spirits, greenish; five dusky bars over back which extend
forward on sides, a row of five dusky elongate spots on
median line; three or four short dusky lines radiate from eye; caudal
obliquel}^
with about six dusky vertical lines, other fins washed with dusky.
Two specimens, length 1.10 to 1.50 inches.
The type is No. 61051 U.S. N.M. Cotype is No. 20160 Stanford
University, from Buytenzorg, Java, collected by Dr. D. H. Campbell.
This species seems to belong to Glossogobiu.s, having the large
mouth, notched tongue, and narrow isthmus of Glossogohius hrunneus
and G.
giuris.
The
and the
scales are, however, nuich larger than
and anal shorter.
in the
Gobius melanurus
Bleeker,
agrees
with
this species in
described
by
scantily
Bleeker,
The color is dift'erent, however, and the mouth
scales and fin rays.
latter species,
is
not described.
soft dorsal
A NEW GECKOID LIZARD FROM THE PHILIPPINE

ISLANDS.
By Leonhard Stejneger,
Curator, Division of Reptiles
and Batrachians,
Museum.
U. S. National
Luzon, composing
McGregor, of the Science Bureau,
Manila, collected on the islands of Fuga and Calayan a series of
lizards which he kindly donated to the United States National
Museum." As might be expected, they belong to the families
Gekkonidse and Scincidse, the latter being represented by numerous specimens of Mahuya multicarinata, Dasia smaragdin^, and
SpTienomorpTius jagorii from both islands, besides a single Emoia
atrocostata from Fuga.
Of the geckos the collection contains Hemidactylus frenatus from both islands, Ge'klco monarchus from Calayan,
and an undescribed species from the latter island. This new species
evidently belongs to the genus Luperosaurus, and I take great pleasure in dedicating it to its discoverer, who has contributed so much to
our knowledge of Philippine zoology.
During a
the
visit to
some
of the islands north of
Babuyan group, Mr. R.
C.
LUPEROSAURUS MACGREGORI,
new
species.
Diagnosis.
No cutaneous fold along the sides of the body and
very slight ones along the legs; tail not keeled laterally, nor flattened
underneath.
Habitat.
Calayan Island, Philippine Archipelago.
Type.Cat. No. 36191, U.S.N.M.; Calayan Island, Babuyan
group; R. C. McGregor, collector.
Description of type specimen.
Male. Eye nearer the ear than the
tip of the snout, its diameter about two-thirds of its distance from
the latter; forehead slightly concave; ear-opening small, obliquely
elliptic; digits half webbed; a very narrow dermal fold on each side
of the legs, slightly better developed along the posterior side of the
For an account
of the trip
Babuyan Group, by Richard

15, 1904,
and the islands see The Birds
0.
of Cahiyan and Fuga,

McGregor, in Bull. Philippine Museum, No. 4, May
pp. 3-6.
Proceedings U.
S.
Proc. N. M. vol. xxxiii~-07
35
576.
545
546
vol. xxxiii.
femur, but not a trace of fold on sides of body or tail; tail not longer
than body (without head), narrow, slightly depressed, not more
flattened underneath than above; body and extremities above and
below covered with minute granules, those on the underside of the
tail slightly larger; rostral broad, rectangular, with a median triangu-
touch with a small median intemasal between

two wide supranasals; nostril between rostral, first supralabial, one
small postnasal and two supranasals, the anterior of which are very
wide and nearly meeting behind the rostral; 15 upper (14 on right
side) and 14 lower labials; mental small, not distinguishable by size
or shape from the other labials; no chin-shields, but the throat granules increase gradually in size toward the labials; a transverse group
lar process above, in
somewhat enlarged granules a short distance in front of the vent,

row bearing an uninterrupted series of 16 pores; tail
above slightly amiulate, each amndus marked posteriorly on the
Color (in alcohol) "above
side by a slightly enlarged spine-like scale.
dull russet clouded with indistinct dusky markings wliich are more
or less longitudinal; underside whitish, slightly washed with russet.
of
the posterior
Dimensions.
Mm.
Total length
(tail
50
broken)
Tip of snout to eye

Tip of snout to ear
Tip of snovit to vent
Diameter of eye
Tail from vent (broken
4.5
10
35
3
15
Fore leg
Hind
11
leg
Besides
McGregor capwhich
in all essentials
specimen
young
tured in the same place a very
distance
between
the
and
equals
complete
The tail is
agrees with it.
the
scutellation
difi'erence
in
chief
The
the head and the vent.
consists in the large anterior supranasals being abbreviated by the
Remarks.
the one described above, Mr.
separation of a small scale at the inner end, there being thus three
The color is
internasals in touch with the rostral instead of one.
upper side,
the
russet
color
of
the
but
also essentially the same,
instead of gradually fading into a pale
the latter in the
form
wash on the abdomen, invades

but narrow, transverse, and
of well-defined,
somewhat wavy lines.

The present species seems
to differ from the type of the genus

Lwperosaurus cumingii chiefly in the differently shaped tail and the
The latter is not
total absence of a fold along the sides of the body.
specifically mentioned by Boulenger in his description (Cat. Liz. Brit.
Mus., I, p. 181), but it is plainly shown in the figure (Plate XV, fig. 2).
MAMMALS COLLECTED
W.
IN
L.
WESTERN BORNEO BY
By Marcus Ward Lyon,

Assistant Curator,
DR.
ABBOTT.
Division of Mammals,
Jr.,
U. S. National
Museum.
INTRODUCTION.
From about the inicUUe of June until the end of September, 1905,
W. L. Al)l)ott occupietl himself in exploring western Borneo,
where some three lmn(h"e(l specimens of mammals were collected, all
Dr.
which he presented to the United States National Museum. A

few preliminary notices of these have been published, but the collection as a whole is treated of for the first time in the followino- pages.
After collecting in the vicinity of Pontianak and along the Sungei
wSama, Doctor Abbott ascendetl the Landak River to about Ngabong,
making collections along the shores as he returned down that stream.
He next ascended the Kapuas River as far as Sanggau, where the
wSakaiam River, or Sungei Sakaiam, flows into the Kapuas. P>om
Sanggau Doctor Abbott ascended the Sakaiam for 105 miles, reachAs this trip was made in a
ing Mrowi, near the Sarawak frontier.
small boat, no attempt was made to collect animals, his efforts being
directed toward securing ethnological objects from the Dyaks.
Collections of mammals were, however, made on the trip down the
Kapuas from Sanggau.
The maps publishe<l on the region of wêstern Borneo show that the
of
lower courses of the Landak and Kapuas rivers pass tlu'ough an area
of lowland swamps, as would be inferred from the tortuous courses
The upper courses of the
of the rivers and their numerous mouths.
a
Pigmy Squirrels of the Nannosciurus

XIX, pp. 51-56, May ], 1906.
melanotis group, Proc. Biol. Soc.
Wash-
ington,
Notes on the Slow Lemurs, Proc. U.
November 9, 1906.
Mammals of Banka, Mendanau, and
S. Nat.
Mus.,
Billiton, islands
XXXI,
pp. 527-538, pi.
xiii,
between Sumatra and Borneo,
XXXI,
pp. 575-612, December 18, 1906. Mention of Rusa

broohei, Muntiacus pleiharicas, Nannosciarus borneanus, and Cynopterus brachyotis.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
Notes on some squirrels of the Sciurus hippurus group, with descriptions of two
Smithsonian Misc. Coll., L, Pt. 1, pp. 24-29, April 8, 1907.
species,
Proceedings U.
S.

547
new
'
PROCEEDINGH OF THE NATIONAL. MUSEUM.
548
vol. xxxiii.
by low hills. See map, frontiswhere most of the points visited by Doctor Abbott are shown.
Doctor Abbott's remarks on the places visited by him follow:
rivers traverse a country characterized

piece,
The Sungei Sama is one of the two branches of the Ambawang which flows into the
Landak River, 2 miles above Pontianak. This river is inhabited by Dyaks, who have
been accustomed to shoot for natm-alists at Pontianak, and that is the reason for my
comparative success during my short stay. I stayed at the Kampong of the Mankoh
(h(>adman), 18 miles from Pontianak. Tlie district is all swampy, and the big jungle
There are many sago planis cleared immediately along the river for a half mite Ijack.
Beyond a half mile from the river bank is heavy forest. The headwaters of
tations.
The Dyaks
the Rama are on some hills, and here is where the two Orangs were shot.
live in the reguhu- long hous(\s (Rnmeli P;iiij(ing) of the Dyaks, but are otherwise much
Malay tied.
The country along the Landak River for the lower 50 miles of its course is swampy
and still mostly heavy forest. The last kampong (village) is about 14 miles from PonAbove this
tianak, and from here, to Batu Ampar the banks are mostly heavy forest.
point the banks become higher and the country largely covered with scrub jungle and
A good many Malays
lalang, and is inhabited by a considerable population of Dyaks.
i
about Ngabong and along the river.

About Sanggau the country is mostly rolling, with low hills. Not much heavy forest
The Sakis left, mostly scrub jungle and lalang with small patches of heavier forest.
aiam River flows into the Kapuas at this point, coming down from the borders of Sarawak. There is a consideral)le population of Malays along the l:)ank and many Dyaks
Scarcely
I went iip the Sakaiam as far as Mrowi. alxmt 105 miles.
in the district.
any heavy forest is left near the river; all scrub and lalang. A good deal of heavy
Along its upper course, but
forest remains along its aflluent, the Kumbaiang River.
not upon its banks, are many hills which are still forest clad, especially near the Sarainhal)it the district
was told much rimlia (virgin forest) exists along the .Tangko, the first
Sakaiam above Sanggau.
What I saw of Borneo np the Kapuas was a poor place for collecting. Down the i-iver
in the swampy forests there were som( animals, the inhabitants being Malays or
Dyaks who did not eat monkeys. But every Dyak has a gun in Borneo, and up
Sarawak being a native State,
river everything having fur, fin, or feather is devoured.
the natives are allowed firearms, and as a consequence guns and ammunition drift across
the frontier all over Dutch Borneo. The Dutch authorities complain very much about
In Sumatra one may occasionally see an old gun, but ammunition is almost
it.
wak
border.
l^ranch of the
unobtainable.
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES.

The mammals
collected
by Doctor Abbott represent
species or subspecies, five of which were previously

science,
two
of
them being here described
thirty-eight
unknown
for the fh'st time.
to
systematic list of all the species collected, accompanied by tables

giving the precise localities and measurements of the individual
specimens, with Doctor Abbott's field observations, follows:
MANIS JAVANICA
1822.
Desmarest.
Manis javanica Desmarest, Mammalogie,
Two
Pt. 2, p. 377.
specimens from Pontianak, a young and an adult male. The

Manis skull in the United
States National Museum.
The zygomatic arch is complete and bony
skull of the adult appears to be the oldest
MAMMALS COLLECTED LX WESTERN BORXEftLYOX.
NO. 1577.
on each side, and is formed by the

backward extension of the maxilla
meetina; the forward extension of
'iUOQA
The skull is shorter
the squamosal.
and heavier, especially about the

rostrum, than somewhat younger
skulls from the Malay Peninsula.
The scales of the adult are large and
heavy, with the markings conspicuous.
Many of
the scales are scarred
and broken.
Measurements
of the adult male.
No. 142460, U.S.N.M. head

and body (to anus), 500 mm.; tail
(from anus), 510; greatest length of
skull, 104. .3 mm.; zygomatic width,
39.
The weight was I63 pounds
Cat.
[7.48 kilos].
TRAGULUS HOSEI
1903.
^Bonhote).
Tragulus Icanchil hosei Bonhote,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 7th ser., XI,

March 1903 (received a*
p. 239.
library of U. S. National M\iseum,
March
1903.
IG, 1903).
Tragulus
rirgicoUis
Miller,
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington,

p.
37.
March
XVI,
19, 1903.
Skin and skull of an adidt female,

from the Kapuas River below Tyan.
In point of color and markings this
specimen is indistinguishable from
Tragulus kancMl of Sumatra, differing from that species only in the
greater length of the hind foot and
somewhat greater
In most respects,
size of the skull.
it resembles the
type of T. virgicollis (= T. hosei),
but differs from it conspicuously in
the absence of the narrow, well-
defined nape stripe.
skin from the
With but one
Kapuas
River, it does
not seem advisable, for the present
two distinct
group onBorneo.
(For measurements, see table here-
at least, to recognize
races of the
with.)
JcancJiil
549
FROCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
550
TRAGULUS BORNEANUS
vol. xxxiu.
Miller.
Tragulus borneanus Miller, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington,
1902.
August
XV,
p.
174,
1902.
G,
and one skeleton from the Kapuas River.

The skins are practically indistinguishable in coloration from specimens of Tragulus napu from Sumatra. The Bornean animals are
somewhat smaller. (For measurements, see page 549.)
Two
skins with skulls
RUSA BROOKEI
(Hose).
Ccrvus brookci Hose, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XII, p. 20G.
brookei, Lyon, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, p. 585, December 18,
1893.
Rusa
1906.
1906.
specimens from along the Kapuas River, the antlers of an

adult male, Cat. No. 142356, U.S.N.M., and the skull of a nearly adult
Two
male, Cat. 142357, U.S.N. M.
Measurements of these specimens respectively: Length of antler

along convexity of curve, 462, 325; burr to tip of frontiJ tine along
convexity, 160, 136; circumference of antler above frontal tine, 132,
84; tip of apical tine to its angle with main trunk of antler, 50, 33.
The basal length of the skull of Cat. No. 142357, U.S.N.M., is
332 mm., maxillary too throw (alveoli) 105 nun.
MUNTIACUS PLEIHARICUS
1896.
Cerindus plciharicus
dsch-Indie,
LV,
Kohlbrugge, Natuurkundig
ber
Tijdschrift
Nederhxn-
1896, p. 192, plate facing p. 260.
Muntiacus plciharicus, Lyon, Proc. U.
1906.
(Kohlbrugge).
S.
Nat. Mus.,
XXXI,
p. 583,
Decem-
18, 1906.
Represented by the frontlet and antlers of an adult male from the

Sakaiam River, Cat. No. 142358, U.S.N.M.
Measurements: Burr to tip of antler along convex curve, left
112 mm., right 97; tip of frontal tine to angle with main trunk of
antler, left 26, right 27; distance between the angles of the pedicles
with skull, 56; distance from angle of pedicle with skull to posterior
edge of burr,
left 83, right 83.
SUS BARBATUS
1839.
Muller.
Sus barbatus Muller, Tijdschrift voor Natuurlijke Geschied. en Physi-
ologic, V, p. 149.
1906.
Sus barbatus, Miller, Proc. U.
S.
Nat. Mus.,
skins, obtained
XXX,
p. 739,
June
13, 1906.
from the natives along the
Six skulls, without

Cranial measurements are given in the table below,
River.
the points between which they are taken being the same as those used
Landak
by
Miller in his Notes
on Malayan
Pigs.^
evidently males and one a female.

a Proc.
U.
tS.
Nat. Mus.,
XXX,
They
Of the
six skulls, five are
are
skulls of adult or
all
pp. 755, 756, June 13,
lOOfi.
NO. 1577.
MAMMALS COLLECTED
nearly adult animals.

the last upper molar
L\ WESTERN BORXEOLYON.
Cat. No. 142355, U.S.N.M.,

is
is
just through the alveolus,
551
the youngest,
and
is
entirely
unworn. Cat. No. 142353, U.wS.N.M., is of about the same age.

Cat. No. 142350, U.S.N.]\I., the female, is a little older than the two
preceding, as the last upper molar is beginning to show wear.
The
last upper molar in Cat. No. 142354, U.S.N.M., shows more wear than
any of the foregoing, but not so much as the remaining two. Cat. Nos.
142352 and 142351, U.S.N.M., which are fully adult boars. The
teeth of No. 142351, U.S.N.M., show considerable wear.
The lower
jaw sent in with this specimen evidently came from another individual, as it does not fit the skull accurately.
However, it is the
lower jaw of a male of about the same age, or perhaps a trifle older,
and from an animal about the same size.
Cranial tiieasurements of Sus barhatus from western Borneo.
DiinensioTis
552
SCIURUS BORNEOENSIS BORNEOENSIS

1839-44.
Sdurus
rafflesii
var.
borneoensis
(Miiller
vol. xxxiii.
and Schlegel).
Muller and Schlegel, Verhandl.
Natur. Geschied. Nedorland. Overz. Bezitl. Leiden, p. 86.
by Doctor Abbott in western

be referred to this form. For a list of them, with exact
Sdurus homeoensis
localities, see table of measurements, page 556.
appears to be a very variable species, inhabiting western Borneo
north of the Kapuas River. South of that river a very different
prevostii squirrel occurs, which is described on page 554. The squirrels
north of the river fall into two distinct forms, the typical red-shouldered homeoensis, apparently confined to the uplands, and a darkbellied black-shouldered form, described below as a new subspecies,
confined to the swampy lands near the mouths of the rivers. Above
Tanjong Putus, on the Landak River, and above Pulo Saparo, on
Kapuas River (see map, frontispiece). Doctor Abbott collected the redshouldered form, while below these points the specimens all have
blackish shoulders. Three skins from Tanjong Putus, collected on
July 15, are referable to the typical form, while two others also
marked Tanjong Putus, collected on July 16, are referable to the
dark-shouldered variety. As Doctor Abbott collected while descending the rivers, the two skins obtained on July 16 are probably from a
slightly lower point on the river than the three taken on the previous
Ten
of the prevostii squirrels collected
Borneo
may
day.
While visiting the Ley den Museum, Mr. Gerrit S. Miller,

the following notes on the cotypes of Sciurus homeoensis.
jr.,
made
Cotypes, three [lettered: o, jp, and q\, all from Pontianak. They are very uniform
showing the strongly grizzled sides above the pale lateral stripe, the clear
black area on shoulders being reduced to 20-25 mm. Most of the caudal hairs, except
In one specimen the
at base and pencil, with cream buff tips about 10 mm. long.
Red area rufous,
feet are red, in the others they are black sprinkled with red hairs.
darkening to chestnut. Cheek and sides of neck a mixture of black, red, and white,
each color slightly predominating in one specimen, ^^^litish spot below eye distinct
but very small; whitish patch at base of whiskers conspicuous. Measurements:
o (300) [head and body] 250 [tail vertebrae] 60 (55) [hind foot with and without claws],
p (280) [head and body] 250 [tail vertebrae] 58 (53) [hind foot with and without claws],
in color, all
q (290) [head
and body] 280
[tail vertebrae].
The three specimens taken on July 15 at Tanjong Putus, on the

Landak River, about 25 to 30 miles above Pontianak, agree very well
with the above account. Cat. No. 142307, U.S.N.M., from the north
of the Kapuas at Sanggau, agrees most closely with the published
It lacks
figure*^ of S. homeoensis in respect to general coloration.
the conspicuous white spot at base of whiskers, however, and the
white lateral stripe is not subtended by a conspicuous black stripe.
None of the squirrels of this species collected by Doctor Abbott
either of the typical form or not, has a conspicuous wliite patch at
bank
^Nederland. Tijds. Dierkunde,
I, pi.
i,
fig. 3.
MAMMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO LYON.
No.l.W.
553
base of whiskers, but some of the nontypical forms do show small

whitish areas at base of whiskers. The present material indicates that
Includinsi; in the
Sciiirns horneoenfîf^ is a very variable species.
species the lowland form described below, the followino; are some of
the
striking variations, but
more
are found
all
sorts of intermediate conditions
between the extremes
Base of whiskers whitish to bright ferruginous cheeks and sides of

neck ami shoulders black with slight grizzling of whitish, to conspicuous grizzling with buffy and reddish, to almost a clear bright ferruginous; area al)ovc pale lateral stripe pure black grizzled with wliite
or ochraceous or both in varying mixtures; feet, pure black, or
bright rufous or various mixtures of these, or black with slight grizzling of buffy; underparts bright rufous to a general effect of sealbrown, the latter caused by a mixture of dark chestnut and l)lackish.
;
SCIURUS BORNEOENSIS PALUSTRIS, new
Type.^MwM
subspecies.
male, skin and skull. Cat. No. 142330, U.S.N.M.

bank of the Kapuas River, below Pulo Lim-
Collected on the north
bang, western Borneo, September 22, 1905, by Dr.

Original
number
Diagnostic characters.
but no
retl
ders.
Color.
W.
L. Abbott.
4467.
Similar
to Sciurus borneoensis horneoensis,
or rufous color appearing on cheeks, sides of neck, or shoul-
-Top of head, top of neck for a width of about 20 mm., back
width of 25-30
mm. over shoulders, 50-60 mm.

mm. on the riunp, base of the
middle
above and
terminal hairs of the tail above and below, black; lateral stripe, about
100 mm. long, extending from behind the shoulder where it is 5 mm.
wide, to front of thigh, where it is 15 mm. wide, and an inconspicuous
spot under the eye, white sides of neck, shoulder, outer side of upper
arm, side of body between the white lateral stripe and the black back, a
fine and ec[ual grizzle of black and white, becoming a coarse grizzle of
black and white, the latter color in excess, on the sides of the rump
above the thigh; sides of head, upper surface of feet, outer side of
forearm, and ears, black, finely grizzled with inconspicuous white;
base of whiskers and area arountl lips, buffy; underjârts of body
and inner sides of legs, an equal grizzle of black and ferruginous;
underside of tail, between the black basal portion and the black
pencil, a coarse mixture of black and white.
Variations from the type.
Some specimens have more black in the
underparts, so that the general effect is almost seal brown.
One
skin from Pulo Saparo, Cat. No. 142324, U.S.N.M., and one from
Pulo Kanchil, Cat. No. 142319, U.S.N.M., have more extensive black
backs and no grizzling appears between the pure black back and the
white lateral stripe. The amount of light grizzling above the shoulder
is variable.
Two skins. Cat. No. 142321, U.S.N.M., opposite Pulo
for a
portion, narrowing to 20
in the
tail
554
vol. xxxiii.
Cat. No. 142322, U.S.N.M., opposite Pulo Saparo, show

very slight traces of the red about the shoulder, which becomes such
a conspicuous feature of Sciurus horneoensis horneoensis. In about
half the specimens the white side stripe is subtended by a fairly well,
marked black stripe. This black stripe is not very evident in the
The white is often so arranged on the tail that in certain
type.
lights it appears black and white ringed.
These show no characters by which they may be
STcull and teeth.
Jambu, and
distinguished from those of the typical form or other species of the
same
size.
and
For measurements of the
page 556.
page 556.
Specimens examined. Fifteen. See
Remar'ks. Sciurus horneoensis palustris appears
Measurements.
series see table,
ty])e
table,
to be a darkshouldered, dark-bellied form of S'. horneoensis confined to the low

swampy lands near the sea. No single specimen in the present
series shows a complete intergradation with the typical form, but by
picking out various specimens in the two series and using only
homologous characters complete intergradation may be found from
any
style of
one to any style of the other form.
SCIURUS SANGGAUS, new
species.
Tyjie.Adult female, skin and skull. Cat. No. 142296, U.S.N.M.

Collected at Sanggau, western Borneo, south bank of Kapuas River,
August 21, 1905, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Original number, 4357.
member of the Sciurus prevostii group,
Diagnostic cJiaracters.-
Sciurus carimatx Miller,'' but shoulder darker, a grizzle of

black and bufl", and the white area of thigh finely mixed with black.
Nose, top of head, entire upper parts of body, and
Color of type.
entire tail, black; entire underparts, inner side of legs, and upper
surfaces of feet, ferruginous to orange-rufous; base of whiskers,
small spot under eye, lateral stripe 100 mm. long by 10 wide, from
just behind shoulder to front of thigh, white; outer side of thigh a
most
like
coarse grizzle of black and white; sides of head and neck a fine
grizzle of black and white, the black in excess; region of shoulder
a grizzle of black and pale ochraceous or buff blending in with the

ochraceous of the upper arm.
With the exception of two specimens
Variations in the series.
Limbang), no noteworthy variations
(opposite
Pulo
from Pulo Kubu
In some individuals the cheeks

One or two specimens show
in others a light ochraceous
while
clear
gray
shoulder
area
nearly
the
predominates. Compared with the series taken on the north bank of
the Kapuas, the squirrels south of that river are remarkably uniform.
in color
are found in the series.
are grayer than they are in the type.
aProc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XXXI,
p. 57,
July
23, 190G.

NO. 1577.
MA3fMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO LYON.
555
skins from Pulo Kubu (Cat. Nos. 142327, and 142328,

U.S.N.M.) differ from the rest of that series in beinsi; slightly larger
and in having the shoulder area tawny-ochraceous and the wliite
on the thighs with scarcely any admixture of black.
Apparently there are no constant differences
SJcull and teeth.
by which skulls of Sciurus sanggaus may be distinguished from
The two
those of related species.
See
Sciurus sanggaus averages

table, page 556.
than S. borneoensis.
Specimens examined. Twenty-one; see table, page 556.
Bemarks. It is possible the two specimens from Pulo Kubu may
They average slightly
represent a race distinct from the typical form.
larger than the rest of the series and differ somewhat in color as
already noted. Except for a slightly smaller size they are practically
indistinguishable from specimens of Sciurus hangkanus.
Measurements.
slightly smaller
was particularly interesting

from the left bank of the
Kapuas (facing sea) have black tails and all from the right bank
and its adjacent islands have gray tails and are much more variable.
[The Sciurus
and there
W.
is
raffiesi [or j)fevostii] class
a large series.
All those
L. Abbott.]
SCIURUS DULITENSIS
J901. Sciurus viftntitK di(litensis
May,
(Bonhote^
Bonhote, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., 7th ser.. VII,
1901, p. 451.
Doctor Abbott secured nine plantain squirrels in western Borneo

may be referred to this species. I have seen no examples
from jSIount Dulit, but Doctor Abbott's specimens do not differ
essentially from plantain sc[uirrels from Sarawak, though they
apparently have less yellow on cheeks, sides of neck, and forearm.
In color of the underparts, size and distinctness of the lateral stripes,
the west Borneo squirrels show considerable variation, but it does
not seem to be correlated with definite areas as in the case of the
prevostii group of squirrels.
For measurements see table, page 557.
whicli
556
Measurements of the squirrels of
Name.
the
VOL. XXXIII.
Sciurus prevostii group in western Borneo.
NO. 1577.
MAMMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEOLYON.

SCIURUS HIPPURELLUS
1907.
Lyon.
Sciurus hippurelhis Lyon, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., L, p. 27, April
Thi-ee specimens,
8,
1907.
two from the Landak River and one from the

For measurements, see table below.
Kapuas River below Tyan.
Measurements of squirrels from western Borneo.
Name.
557
Localitv-
N umber.
Sex and age.
c
t
558
VOL. XXXIII
Thus Cat. No. 142335, U.S.N.M., a nearly mature female, has a much
more pointed rostrum than No. 142334, U.S.N.M., an old female.
For measurements, see table, page 557.
NANNOSCIURUS BORNEANUS
1906.
Lyon, Proc.
Nannosciiiriis borneanus
May
1,
Lyon.
Biol. Soc.
Washington,
XIX,
p. 54,
1906.
Thirteen specimens as follows: One skin and skull from Sungei

Sama; five skins and skulls and one alcoholic from Tanjong Putus,
Landak River; five skins and skulls and one alcoholic from the
Kapuas River. (For table of measurements of these and related
species, see
Lyon, Proc. U.
XXXI,
Nat. Mus.,
S.
NANNOSCIURUS EXILIS
1906, p. 594.)
(Miillerj.
One skin and skull, an adult male, from Sanggau. Collector's

measurements: Head and body, 77 mm.; tail vertebrae, 50; liind
foot, 25.
MUS EPHIPPIUM
1880.
1894.
Jentink.
Mus ephippium Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, II, p. 15.

Mus ephippium, Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 6th ser., XIV,
p. 453.
Nine small rats, most of them immature, from various localities,

be referred to this species. They are somewhat smaller and
have darker bellies and narrower audital bulhe than a specimen that
seems to be Mus ephippium. from Tarussan Bay, Sumatra, but the
material is not sufficient to determine their status satisfactorily.
For measurements see table below.
may
[Caught in
Dyak
houses.
W. L. Abbott.]
MUS RAJAH
1894.
Mus
rajah
Thomas,
Thomas.
Mag. Nat. Hist.,
.\^û.
(ith ser.,
XIV,
p. 451.
One specimen, a young a(Udt male, from the Kapuas River below
The single specimen is somewhat smaller than specimens of
Mus rwjah in the U. vS. National Aluseiun from the Natuna Islands,
Tyan.
perhaps owing to its immaturity.

For measurements, see table below.
Measurements of
Mus from
western Borneo.
T3
Name.
Mus ephippium.. Sungei Sama

Do
do
Do
do
Do
Pulo Jambii
Do
do
Mus rajah
Kapuas River below
Tyan.
Age.
Sex.
Locality.
b
b
*
f
c
142250
142251
142252
142253
142257
142248
Male....
Young adult.
Female
Adult
do
do..
do..
do..
Male
Young
do
do
adult.
MAMMALS COLLECTED [X WESTERN BORNEO LYON.
NO. 1577.
FELIS BENGALENSIS
One specimen from Ngabong, Landak

none of the permanent
Measurements: Cat.
387 mm.;
tail,
158;
zygomatic l)readth,
559
of Authors.
young female, with
Eiver, a
teetli in place.
No. 142343,
hind foot, 88;
U.S.N.M.;
head
and body,
greatest length of skull, 69;
47.5.
ARCTOGALIDIA STIGMATICA
(Temminck).
An adult male from the Landak River. Cat. No. 142341, U.S.N.M.
Measurements: Head and body, 555 mm.; tail, 660; hind foot, 96;
weight, 7}
lbs. (3.29 kgs.)
greatest length of skull, 110; basal length,
105.6; basilar length, 103.5; zygomatic width, 67.7; interorbital constriction, 13.7; front of canine to back of last upper molar, 41.
PARADOXURUS PHILIPPINENSIS
1885.
Jourdan.
I'aniilnxurti^ philipp'nieniii><, Blanf(iri), Proc. Zool. Soc.
London,
p. 800.
Two specimens of Paradoxurus, collected by Doctor Abbott in

western Borneo, do not appear essentially different from two skins
collected by Dr. JC. A. Mearns in the Philippine Islands.
Measurements: Adult male, Pontianak, Cat. No. 142338, U.S.N.M.,
and adult male, wSanggau, Cat. No. 142339, U.S.N.M., head and body,
500, 470 mm.; tail, 443, 375; hind foot, 85, 84; greatest length of
skull, 101.4, 100.5; basal length, 95.7, 92.4; basilar length, 93.5, 91.5;
front of canine to
back
of last
upper molar,
[Brought alive by a Malay, very thin.
36.5, 35:7.
W. L.
HERPESTES SEMITORQUATUS
1846.
Hcrpesirs semitonpiatus
1879.
Herpestes seinitorqiKifnx,
Abbott.]
Gray.
Gray, Ann. Ma^. Nat. Hist., XVIII, 1846,

Anderson, Zool. Western Ynnnan, p. 191,
p. 211.
pi. ix,
figs. 1, 2.
I refer a
some
young male mongoose from Sanggau to this species with

It is a very immature individual, and while the char-
hesitation.
acters of the skin answer in a general
way
to the description of that
appearance of the skull suggests that

at maturity it would more nearly resemble that of H. vitticollis."'
The light area on the sides of the neck is not at all conspicuous, as
the description of //. semitorquatus indicates.
The back and upper
sides are not "finely marked with yellow," but most of the long hairs
of those regions have a rather wide yellow subterminal band.
Measurements: Cat. No. 142340, U.S.N.M., immature male, head
and body, 370 mm.; tail, 235; hind foot, 82; greatest length of skull,
78; zygomatic width, 43.
of Heriyestes semitorquatu.s, the
"Ânderson, Zool. West. Yunnan, p. 191,

Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
36
pi. ix, figs.
.3,
4.
560
LUTRA LOVII
Gunther.
Lutra lovii Gunther, Proc. Zool. Sou. London,

Borneo, opposite island of Labuan.)
1876.
1905.
Lutra
LXV,
lovii,
VOL. XXXIII.
p. 736.
(Type-locality,
Willink, Natuurkundig Tijdschrift Nederlandsch Indie,
p. 222.
small hairy-nosed otters may be referred to this species, which

almost an exact miniature of the large Lutra harang of the Malay
The color of Lutra loirii is generally darker throughout,
region.
both above and below. The light area on the throat is more restricted
and more contrasted with the general dark color of the animal. The
tail is relatively nuich larger than it is in the Tûtra harang and considerably longer (about 4 inches =100 mm.) than the published
measurements (11 inches) of Lutra Imm. The skull of Lutra lovii
Two
is
has about the same general
A. Last
size as that of the clawless otter,
Aonyx
two maxillary teeth (kkjht
U.S.N.M., PuLo Lankawi, x \\.

female, Cat. No. 142337, U.S.N.M.,
side) of Lutra barang, adult female, Cat. No. 104437,

Last two maxillary teeth of Lutra lovii, adult
Pulo Saparo, in Kapuas River, western Borneo, x li.
B.
but in shape and in relative proportions it is almost an

In addition to the diflovii and L. harang may
be mentioned the enlarged bullae of the smaller species, the distinctly smaller foramina along the inner side of the bullae and the
reduction of the inner segment of the upper carnassial tooth.
The marked differences between the carnassial teeth of the small
Lutra lovii and the large L. harang are well sho\\Ti in the figure
above, and require no detailed description. They may indicate
more than a specific difference.
The two adult females collected by Doctor Abbott measure as
follows: Cat. No. 142336, U.S.N.M. (near Pontianak), and No.
142337, U.S.N.M. (Pulo Saparo) head and body, 615, 575 (585) mm;
tail, 385, 375 (280); hind foot with claws, 107, 103; greatest length
of skull, 101, 100.2; basal length, 94.3, 91.4; upper length, 85, 83.7
cinerea,
exact counterpart of that of Lutra harang.

ferences in size between the skulls of Lutra
o See foot note on page 561,
}rA3rMALS COLLECTED LN
[about
90];'^
WESTERN BORNEO TA'ON.
mastoid breadth, 51.4, 53 [about

interorbital constriction, 11.4,
55];
13.7
561
zygomatic breadth,
[ ]; upper tooth
58,
58. 9[];
row
to front of canine, 30.5, 30.7 [32.4]; lower tooth
row
to front of
canine, 38, 38 [42.4].
Mr. Gerrit
British
that the type of Lutra lovii in the

with milk canine and next
hairy-nose
young
S. Miller, jr., writes
Museum
is
"a
It will be
Skull broken away beliind."
seen from the above measurements that Doctor Abbott's two small
otters have much longer tails than has the type of L. lovii and slightly
smaller skulls; and it is not at all unlikely that they represent a
As the ty}:)e of L. lovii is young and of the opposite
different race.
sex from Doctor Abbott's two specimens, it does not seem advisable
to last premolar in place.
name
for the present to
the Bornean form.
HELARCTOS EURYSPILUS
Hdarctoa nmjspiliis Horskield,
1826.
single
skull, Cat.
No.
Zocil.
Horsfield.
Jouni., II, pp. 221-234, pi. vii.
142344, U.S.N.M., without
lower jaw,
from the Landak River, may be referred to Ilelarctos euryspilus,

which most authors have regarded as a synonym of //. malayanus,
and not without reason, for Horsefield's description of Ilelarctos
euryspilus was based on a living example in London, and no charIn 1903 Doctor
acters are given to differentiate the two forms.
Abbott collected a full-grown male of the Sumatran Helarctos malayanus along the Kateman River, eastern Sumatra. A compariscm
of its skull with the Bornean skull shows well-marked differences
between the two insular forms. It should be noted, however, that
the tyjê of H. malayanus came from Bencoolen, some little distance
from the Kateman River, and that no locaHty in Borneo is mentioned for H. euryspilus, so that the following comparison may not
be made between t}îcal examples of the two species. Both skuUs
are fully adult and of nearly equal age, although the Sumatra one
The sex of the Bornean skull is unknown, but judging
is the older.
from the large size of the canine and other teeth it is without question not different in sex from the Sumatran skull.
In addition to the difference in size shown in the following table
may be mentioned the greater relative size of the maxillary teeth in
the Bornean bear, which are actually as large as in the Sumatran
species; the relatively wider palate and its greater posterior extension behind the toothrow in Helarctos malayanus,
relatively larger
H. euryspilus, and the very large expansion of that portion

of the mastoid applied to the posterior aspect of the auditory canal
bullas in
in the
Sumatran
species.
Measurements in parentheses are those given in the original account of Lrdra

London, 1876, p. 736), and those in brackets measurements of
lovii (Proc. Zool. Soc.
the type skull of Lutra
lovii
made by Mr.
Gerrit S. Miller,
jr.
502
VOL. XXXllI.
Cranial measureinent of Snmatran and Bornean svn-bears.

Helarctos
malayanus,
Cat. No.
123138, Kate-
DiniciKsious.
man
River,
eastern Su-
Helarctos
curtispilus
Cat. No.
matra.
Basal length
Basilar length
215
210
234
117
256
208
156
104
Co ndylo- basal length

Palatal length
Greatest length
Zygomatic width
Mastoid width
of braincase above zygomata
at postorbital processes
Least interorliital width
Least width of palate between last upper m.olars
Posterior edge of last upper molar (alveolus) to palation
Posterior edge of last upper molar (alveolus) to tip of pterygoid
Alveolar length of last three upper cheek teeth combined
Antero-posterior diameter of canine at alveolus
Width
Width
TUPAIA DORSALIS
1857.
Tupaia
Borneo.
189.5
186
205
102.3
222
176.4
1.34.
87.
91.8
74.6
69
41
36
66
44
25
60
36
28
60
44.5
22.5
Schlegel.
dorsalia SciiLEciEL, Haiull. IxMicf. Dicrkuiide, Pt. 1, p. 59, pi.
iii,
31.
lig.
1890.
Landak River,
142344,
Tvpata
Jentink, Notes Leyden Museum, XII,
dorsaiin,
p. 228.
Skin and skull of adult female from the Kapuas River opposite
Pulo Saparo. Region of that river is the type-locality.
Measurements, Cat. No. 142247, ILS.N.ivi.: Head and body, 175
mm.;
tail vertebrae,
145; hind foot 43; greatest length of skull, 49;
interorbital constriction,
zygomatic
L. Abbott.]
Malay.
W.
[Snared by
width, 22. -4
12.8.
'
TUPAIA SPECIOSA
1840.
(Wagner).
Cl[adobulcs] upecio-'ins W'agiNek, .Schrebers
von
J.
Haugthiere,
Suppleinentband
A. Wagner, II, p. 43.
Two specimens, an adult male from the Kapuas River opposite

Pulo Jambu and a young male from the Tyan district. Owing to
the general distinctness of species in related groups from Borneo and
Sumatra, I have used the name Twpaia speciosa (type-locality, Borneo) in preference to the usual name T. tana (type-locality, Sumatra).
The adult. Cat. No. 142247, IT.S.N.M., measures: Head and body,
229 mm.; tail, 196; hind foot, 55; greatest length of skull, 64; zygomatic width, 29.8; interorbital constriction, 16.6.
CYNOPTERUS BRACHYOTIS
1839.
I'achysoiiia
hrachijotis
Mullew,
'I'ijdsclirilt
(Miiller).
Natuur. Geschied.
Physiol.,
V, p. 146.
Twenty-five specimens, 2 skins with skulls and 28 in alcohol, all

from the Kapuas River, Sanggau district.
For external measurements of ten adults see table, page 564,
Nearly all of the specimens are pregnant females.
MAMMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO LYOX.
NO. 1577.
RHINOLOPHUS TRIFOLIATUS
1835-1841. Rhinolophiis Irifoliatus
XXXI.
pi.
1878.
TemmiKcK,
568
Temminck.
Moiiogr.
Mainimilogic, II, p 27,
(Java, type-locality.)
Rhinolophvs
Dobson,
frifolintiis.
Cat. Chirop. liritish Mus.,
p'.
106, pi. vii,
fig. 3.^
"1905.
Anderskn, Ann. Mag.
Rhinolophiis trifolialus,
August, 1905, p. 249, and
tal>le
Nat. Hist., 7th
opposite p. 256, and
figs.
and
ser.,
XVI,
2a, p. 245.
One specimen, an adult
male, Cat. No. 142384, U.S.N.M., preserved,

Pnlo Kanclul, Kapuas River. The ty])e of Rliiiiolophus trifollatus came from Java, l)iit I c(uite ao^ree with Andersen,
in the ahsence of specimens, in tisinji Temminck's name for the Bornean animal, although, as Andersen has ])ointed out, there are some
discrepancies between Temminck's natural-size illustration and Bornean specimens. The example seciu'ed bv Doctor Abbott is a largesized individual, agreeing in most respects with Andersen's maximimi
measurements.
For external measurements see tal)le, page 504. The princi})al
cranial measurements are: Total length, 24.9 mm.; mastoid width,
11.1
zygomatic width, 12.4; width of nasal swellings, 6.5; maxillary
in alcohol iroui
toothrow", 9.4;
mandibular tooth row (not including
MYOTIS MURICOLA
incisors), 9.9.
(Hodgson).
Seven specimens from Sanggau, an adult male, four adult

males, and two young,
all in
fe-
alcohol.
For external measurements see table, page 564.

[Caught roosting in the plantain leaves. W. L. Abbott.]
GLISCHROPUS TYLOPUS
1875.
(Dobson).
Vesperngo {(rlischroptis) tylopas Dobson, Proc. Zool. Soc. LoikIou, p. 473
(type-locality, northern Borneo).

1907.
(Hischropvs tylopva, Miller, Bull. 57,
I^. S.
Nat. Mus., p. 205, June 29, 1907.
Doctor Abbott secured 56 specimens of this interesting l)at, all

preserved in alcohol from the following localities: Sungei Sama, near
Pontianak, o<S; Ka]mas River
Jambu, 7.
For external measurements
[Caught
(Opposite
Pulo Jand)U,
and on Pnlo
see table, page 5()4.
})anana leaves, caught in a hollow
in
11,
bam])oo.
W.
L.
Abbott.]
.
KERIVOULA HARDWICKII
One specimen, an adtdt

is
trifle
smaller than two Javan skulls of Kerivoula hardwichii in
the U. S. National
as
it.
much
Kapuas River. For

The skull of this speci-
female, from along the
external measurements see table, page 564.
men
(Horsfield).
Museum
collection,
smaller than the other as the
but one of the latter
Bomean
skull
There are no appreciable differences externally.
is
is
almost
smaller than
564
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MAMMALS COLLECTED IN WESTERN BORNEO LYON.

TARSIUS TARSIER
Four specimens
of Tarsiers
to this species provisionally.
(Erxleben).
from western Borneo
The only
565
may
be referred
skin preseryed, a female,
is
from a Philippine skin (Cat. No. 105475,

U.S.N.M.), from Mindanao. The skulls of the Bornean specimens are
larger, with heavier teeth and more inflated bulla^ than has the
practically indistinguishable
Philippine skull.
[Dyak name Lingseng.
W. L. Abbott.]
Measitrements of Tarsivs tarsicr from irestcm Borneo.
Locality.
566
VOL. XXXIIl.
The two skulls from the Sakaiam River are almost exactly alike
and show no appreciable differences from skulls of Macaca nemesSee table of measurements below, and the
trina from Sumatra.
measurements given by Mr. Miller, place cited, page 562. The skull
from the Landak River more nearl}^ resembles the type skull of
Macaca hroca Miller (page 558, place cited), but the zygomatic width
is not as great (see table below), and the angle of the plane of the
In many
orbits with the plane of the nasals is not so well marked.
ways the Landak skull is an intermediate between the type skull of
Macaca hroca and the Sakaiam skull or skulls from Sumatra, but rather
It is possible that more than one form
nearer the Macaca hroca type.
of the Macaca nemestrina group should occur in Borneo, but at present
specimens are too few to determine this fact satisfactorily or to
map out their ranges. For the present it seems best to consider the
three skulls from western Borneo as being Macaca nemestrina, or
very near that, and still consider that Macaca hroca Miller, from
northern Borneo, is a well-marked form.
It may be noted in this connection that the description of the color
of Macaca hroca, quoted by Mr. Miller from Hose's Mammals of Borneo,
was not written by Mr. Hose, but copied by that author verbatim
from the account of Macaca nemestrina as written by Anderson in
Many of Hose's descriptions
1878.
his Western Yunnan Report
seem to have been taken from earlier writers, such as Anderson and
Blanford.
[On one occasion, at

Sarawak
Sintass, a
Dyak Kampong away up the Sakaiam
saw 21 broks {Macaca nemestrina),

brought in together one evening and eaten. A drove was surrounded in a clearing, and all killed. W. L. Abbott.]
River, near
frontier, I
all
Measurements of five skulls hclonging
to
adult males of the Macaca nemestrina group.
MAMMALS COLLECTED L\ WESTERN BORNEO LYON.
NO. 1577.
PRESBYTIS CHRYSOMELAS
Semnopithecus chrysomelas
1838-39.
Physiol., V, p. 138.
Schlegel,
567
(Schlegel).
Tijdscrift
Natuur.
Geschied.
(Type-locality, Pontianak, western Borneo.)
Semnopithecus chrysomelas, Muller and Schlegel, Verhandl.

Natuur. Geschied. Nederlandsch Bezittingen, p. 71, pi. x, figs. 1 and 2:
1839-1844.
pi. XI, figs. 2, 3.
Nine specimens, seven skins with skulls, one skin without skull,
and one skull without skin, all of them practically topotypes of PresFor list of the specimens and measurehytis chrysomelas (vSchlegel).
ments see table on pao;e 568. In addition to the eight mentioned
is Cat. No. 143628, U.S.N.M., adult male, skin without
no measurements taken by collector, from 10 miles below
Pulo Limbang.
The color of these specimens is very similar to that of the figure of
the male shown in Miiller and Sclilegel's plate (fig. I, pi. x, volume
in the table
skull,
cited) except that the underside of the tail for its basal half or threequarters is white or wliitish in Doctor Abbott's series, instead of
yellowish, as in the plate.

in color
between the two
Doctor Abbott's
sexes.
series
shows no diiference
The white on the underside
of the
a very conspicuous marking, so that the basal portion of that

organ is sharply l)icolor. The lower belly, a narrow line down the
inner side of the thigh and legs, are whitish, while a spot on the
tail is
breast, a line
are gray.
on the throat, and a
The
down the arms and forearms

whether male or female, is black
line
rest of the animal,
or blackish.
The chief difference in color between Preshytis chrysomelas and P.

sumatranus appears to be in the clearer and more contrasted white
markings of tlie Bornean form. The skulls of the two species appear
to liave slight if any differences, the most conspicuous being the
greater inflation of the cranium, just below the lambdoid suture in
P. chrysomelas, and slightly narrower opening of the anterior nares
in P. sumatranus.
Kapuas was a black one

and under the tail. The black was deep and dull,
not like sumatranus, and entirely difterent from Semnopithecus hosei
and everetti, both of which are in the museum here [Singapore]. I did
not meet with the red form [Preshytis ruhicumlus], but the natives
W. L. Abbott.]
said it was common in the hills.
[The commonest Semnopithecus along the
witli whitish belly
568
VOL. XXXIII.
External and cranial measurements of Preshytis dirysomelas {Schlegel).
NO. 1577.
MAMMALS COLLECTED LX WESTERN BORNEO LYOX.
569
NASALIS LARVATUS (Wurmb^.

Of
this
handsome and
strikingly
marked monkey. Doctor Abbott
secured nine skins with skulls, and one odd skull. The skins are
quite uniform in color and markings.
Cat. No. 142418, II.S.N.M.,
has the legs grayer than the average and is slightly more gray across
the shoulders than the majority of specimens.
Cat. No. 142219,
TT.S.N.INI., an adult nuxle, is distinctly gray across the shoulders, and
is further different from the other specimens in having the diamond-
shaped rump patch smoky gray instead of cream color, as have all
the other specimens except Cat. No. 142222, U.S.N.M., an immature
In Cat. Nos. 142221
female, where the color is likewise smoky gray.
and 142224, U.S.N.M., adult females, the rump patch is intermediate in color between cream color and smoky gray.
The dorsal
neck stripe is most pronounced in the adult males.
Compared with a mounted specimen in the United States National
Museum, from northern Borneo, the present series is distinctly
brighter in color, but the pattern is everywhere the same.
This
difference is probably due to fading in the mounted specimen, or to
the action of pickling fluids.
For external and cranial measurements see table below. The difference in size between the two
sexes is very marked.
The skins of the females have the hair softer
and more immature looking than do the skins of males. The
oldest female has less than half the weight of adult males which are
not quite so old.
External and cranial nteasiirt'mf'nfs of Nasalis larvafiis/rorn vpstei-n Borneo.
Locality.
PROCEEDINGS' OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
570
HYLOBATES LEUCISCUS
Simia
1800.
lenclsca
Scuuebkr,
Saiigthiere
vol.. jcXxiil.
(Schreber).
HuppL,
pi.
Jii
B.
No
description
For date of this lAate see Sherbom, Proc. Zool. Soc. I-olidoii,189l,
(The locality of the specimen from which the plate was made i^ given
p. 590.
by Matschie as northwestern Borneo, Sit/..-Ber. Gosellsch. natiirlorsch,
Freunde, Berlin, 1893-1891, pp. 60-62.)
Hylohates concolor SchleceI;,^ Mus. d'hist. nat. Paj-'s-Bas. Simiae, p. 20.
1876.
or locality.
1901.
Ihilohntea leucisnis,
Trouessart, Catalogns Mammalinm, Suppl.,
p. 5.
Landak and Kapuas

remarkably well with
The general color is a drab or smoke
Schreber's plate of this species.
On the rump this color becomes lighter and has a buffy cast.
gray.
On one individual. Cat. No. 142178, U.S.N.M., the greater portion of
Six .skins with skulls and one odd skull from
rivers.
In point of color the six skins
tlu^
ao;ree
The underparts of the body are

than the upper parts, except for a narrow collar of
about the same color as are the upper parts, extending from one axilla
the
body
is
of this lighter color.
lighter in color
to the other.
The naked
blackish, as well as a
or nearly
narrow band
naked portions
of hair adjoining the
of the face are
naked portion.
This ill-defined blackish band is succeeded by a narrow^, hot very well

marked band, lighter and more buffy in color than the rest of the
head.
The naked portions of the hands and feet are black, and in a
few specimens the hair on the backs of the fingers is somewhat darker
than the color of the arm.
Exlcnud and cranial mrasiirements of Tlylohates
leucisciis
from western Borneo.
}rA}DfALS COLLECTED L\
K0.1577.
WESTER X BORXEOL VOX.
571
had the second and third toes joined in the

manner of Symjphalangus, but neither in voice nor appearance was
there any other resemblance.
W. L. Abbott.]
particularly one female,
PONGO PYGMiEUS PYGMiEUS
(Linnaeus).
1703.
Simla pygimeus Linn.eus, AuKjenitates Acaclemicse, VI,
1904.
Pongo
p. 68.
pygjnaeus pygma;us,IioTKSCHii,B, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1904, II,
p. 4.38.
Twenty-six specimens, namely, three skins with skulls from Sungei

Sama, and twenty-three skulls without skins from along the Sakaiam
River.
The odd skulls were obtained from the dwellings of natives
(Dyaks) who had used the animals for food. Tliis collection of skulls
has been very carefully studied by Dr. Ales Hrdlicka," Assistant
Curator, Division of Anthropology, United States National Museum,
and no remarks on them are here necessary. The general color of
the skins is nearest Ridgway's chestnut or burnt sienna, darkest on
the head and back; in places, as at the extremities, and especially
around the buttocks, the color passes into ferruginous. The scant
hairs on the underparts are not different in color from those of the
back.
Cat. No. 142170, U.S.N.M., has the hairs under the chin ferruginous.
The tlu-ee skins are somewhat darker in color than are
skins from Sumatra in the United States National Museum.
The
hair is long, coarse, and shaggy, attaining its greatest length (120-130
mm.) on the back. External measurements of the two adult females,
Cat. Nos. 142169 and 142170, U.S.N.M.: Head and body, 720, 785
nun.; liind foot, 290, 283; weight, 70 lbs. (31.75 kg.) "gutted,"
75
lbs.
(34 kg.).
was apparently the wrong time for orangs along the lower
Kapuas. No wild fruit, but the natives said there were plenty
during the rains of January, etc., and especially when the durians
and rambutans were ripe, said they were close to the kampongs
[villages].
Up the Sakaiam they were scarce. I saw many old
sarongs up the Landak, about 50 miles above Pontianak, but no orangs.
[It
Was
afterwards sorry I did not make a longer stay there, as the

country thereabouts was magnificent forest, with scarcely any inhabitants.W. L. Abbott.]
a Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
XXXI,
190C, pp. 539-568.
TWO NEW
SPECIES OF TOADS
FROM THE PHILIPPINES.
By Leonhard Stejneger,
Cîmtnr, Division of Reptiles
and Batrachians,
U. S. National
Museum.
Amono; the batracliians collected by Dr. E. A. jMearns in the Philippines there are two small en.o;ystomi(l toads which a])parently belong;
to the genera Kalophrynus and PJmjnixalus, the latter hitherto not
known from the archipelago.
The type speciesof Plirymxalus is said to have asharp, doubly-arched
ridge across the ]>alate formed by the palatine bones, but I do not
feel justified in forming a new genus on the absence of this character
in the Philippine s]>ecies, as it may be due to the age of the specimen.
The shape of the pupil is almost round, l)ut in one eye it is more nearly
shape with the longer axis horizontal. In all other respects
Even the " Ixalusagrees with the original diagnosis of the genus.
like habitus" is very pronounced and before I had examined the inteelliptic in
it
mouth and the underside of the digits I suspected that I

had an imdescrilied species of Cormifer before me.
The genus Kalophrynus has been diagnosed as possessing "a denticulated dermal ridge across the palate between the choana^, and
another in front of the oesophagus." This characteristic was evidently drawn up from specimens of Kalophrynus pleurostigma only,
and the fact that the dermal ridges are somewhat differently arranged
in the species to be described below does not seem to necessitate the
establishment of a new genus for its reception. As it has a perfect,
though slender, precoracoid parallel with the broad coracoid, and in
other respects also conforms to the characters assigned to Kalophrynus, its reference to that genus seems warranted.
rior of the
PHRYNIXALUS ANULATUS,
Diagnosis.
Toes entirely
new
species.
very much shorter than

space nearly twice as
about half the diameter of eye.
free; first finger
second, onl}^ slightly dilated at tip; interorbital
wide as upper eyelid; tympanum

Mindanao, Philippine Islands.
Habitat.
Proceedings y.
S.
National Museum Vol. XXXIII No. 1578.

,
578
574
vol. x.xxnr.
TVpe. Cat. No. 35399, U.S.N.M.; Davao, Mindanao; Dr. E. A.

Mearns, collector.
No vomerine teeth; no ridge beDescription of type-specimen.
tween or behind the choange which are large, but nearly concealed
by the overhanging lip; an indistinct, smooth dermal ridge between
the eustachian tubes, and, a well-marked denticulated one behind
them; tongue large, rounded behind, extensively free (about onehalf) behind and on sides; snout somewhat acuminate, projecting;
nostrils much nearer tip of snout than eyes; distance from tip of
snout to eye greater than diameter of latter; interorbital space nearly
twice as wide as upper eyelid; can thus rostralis rounded; lores concave; tympanum rather distinct, its diameter about one-half that of
the eye; fingers free, club-shaped, first very much shorter than sec-
ond,
much
less
widened at the
tip
than the others, the
tips of
which
are nearly truncate; toes entirely free, the tips dilated, but not quite
much
no subarticular tubercles and no metatarsal

smooth above; upper eyelid granular with a larger and more prominent tubercle near the
middle of the palpel)ral edge; underside smooth, except belly, which
Color
is faintly areola ted, and the preanal region, which is granular.
(in alcohol) dark brown alcove, with an indistinct pale band between
the anterior half of the u])per eyelids followed by a dusky cross-l)ar;
on the shoulders a large, indistinct, W-shaped, dusky mark, the outer
arms of which anteriorly reach to the posterior corner of the eyes;
an indistinct, large, pale spot on each side of the sacrum; an oblique,
pale, dusky-edged line from eye to fore leg; imderside pkler brown,
minutely dotted with whitish; limbs like the body, faintly mottled
with dusky, Init without distinct cross bars; fingers and toes with a
very distinct dusky ring behind the expanded t'p or disk, followed
by an equally distinct ring of whitish color.
so
as the fuigers;
tubercles; outer metatarsals united; skin
Divicnslons.
mm
Total length, tip of snout
Tip
of
Width
snout to
of
Length
Length
Length
to
vent
tympanum
4.
head
hind leg from vent
5.
8.5
of fore leg
of
14. 5
lo tij) of longest toe
of tibia
120.
<i- ('
Another specimen,
very nuich smaller, and apparently

was collected by Doctor Mearns at
Todaya, Mount Apo, Mindanao, about 4,000 feet altitude, during
the early part of July, 1904. As far as can be made out it agrees
Reinarl:s.
just through its transformation
in all essential features with the type.
The color pattern of Pkrynixalus anulatus, although somewhat

obscure on account of the dark ground color, is essentially that of
Oreophryne celebensis. The toes of the latter are described by Bou-
TWO NEW SPECIES OF TOADSSTEJNEGER.
NO. 1578.
575
and if so the only external distinction between

genera Plvrynixalus and Oreophryne would seem to vanish.
An examination of the skull of the type is impracticable, so that the
reference of this species to the genera of this group as based by
Mehely on the osteological characters must be delayed till further
material becomes available.
lenger as being free,
the
KALOPHRYNUS STELLATUS,
Diagnosis.
Tympanum
tubercles strong;
(hstinct;
new
tongue
species.
elliptic;
subarticiilar
fuigers well developed, fourth nuich shorter
than
second; toes less than one-third webbed; a smooth ridge l)ehind the
choanal, and two ridges between the eustachian tubes, the posterior
one strouglv denticulated;
a roimd black spot on each side of the
sacral region.
Habitat.
Basilan, Philippine Islands.
Type. Cat. No. 37375, U.S.N.M.; Basilan; Februaiy, 1906; Dr.

E. A. Mearns, collector.
Description of type-specimen.
No vomerme teeth; an almost continuous, nearly straight, smooth, dernuil ridge across the palate
behind the choaiuv, which are large, very lateral, almost concealed
under the overhanging maxilla a very distinct and strongly denticulated, straight ridge in front of the oesophagus between the very
lateral eustachian tubes, and a less elevated, smooth, arched ridge,
with the convexity forward, in front of the denticulated ridge; tongue
ellii)tic, entire and extensively free behind; interor})ital space nearly
twice as wide as upper eyelid; canthus rostralis rounded; lores vertympaimm ver}" distinct, exceedingly close to the eye and
tical;
about two-thirds the diameter of the latter; fingers free, first slightly
shorter than second, which is much longer than the very short fourth
finger; toes webbed at base, less than one-third; tips of digits not
;
swollen, or dilated;
subarticular tubercles ver}' strongly developed;
the inner metatarsal tubercle weak, elliptic;

of adpressed hind leg reaches eye;
til)io-tarsal articidation
skin above and below granular,
more coarsely on lower abdomen and under the thiglis; no dorsal,

dorso-lateral, or supratympanic glandular ridges.
Color (in alcohol)
above pale raw umber, darker on the flanks, densely sprinkled with
small star-shaped pale or whitish dots; a dark brown line from lores,
through eye, above tympanum, and along the sides to the groin; along
its upper edge the whitish dots are more numerous, so as to almost
form a continuous line; a round black spot as large as tympanum
and surrounded by a line of similarly crowded light dots on each
side of the sacral region; underside pale brown, with obscure marblings of darker, formed by innumerable minute, dust-lilê specks of
dark brown; no definite cross bands observable on the legs; underside of foot and metatarsus dark brown.
Proc. N.
M.
vol. xxxiii
07
37
57()
vol. xxxin.
Dimensions.
mm.
Total length, tip
Width
of
Length
Length
Length
Remarlis.
)f
snout to vent
24
head
13
of fore leg
of
hind leg from vent to tip
of longest toe
of tibia
The differences in the arrangement
31
10
of the pahital ridges
above as well as the much smaller amount of web

between the toes easily distinguish this species from Kaloi)hrynus
as pointed out
K. acutirostris differs in the subcircidar tongue, the

pointed snout, the shorter hind legs, and the absence of the sacral
The other two species are still further removed b}^ the difspots.
ferent ])roportions of their digits, besides other important characterpleurostigma.
istics.
THE PULQUE OF MEXICO.

By Walter Hough.
Assistant Curator Department of Anthropology, U. S. National
Museum.
the sap of the maguey, or

people as the century
speaking
agave, commonly known to English
to ]\Iexico and
confined
is
The production of the beverage
plant.
agave suitable
of
the
species
to those parts of that country where
for making pulque are found.
Some years ago the writer, at the instance of Dr. G. Brown Goode,
began a study of the beverages of mankind, and one paper, relating
Pulque
is
a fermented
liquiil
made from
kava drinking,'^ has been published.

The study of pulque was prosecuted during an extended journey
through Mexico in 1899 in company with Dr. J. N. Rose, who was
to
engaged
field
in
work
in the
Tliis
the collection of botanical data of the agaves.
specimens
of
the
examination
an
supplemented
by
was
United States National Museum, collected
Palmer, to
whom
the writer
is
much
l)y
Dr.
Edward
indebted for information con-
cerning them.
The agaves flourish in the warm southwestern portions of the

United States and range from the temperate to the tropical zone in
Mexico. There are numerous species, distributed in diverse situations
with regard to elevation, temperature, moisture, and soil. Originally,
it appears, the cultivated agave was a desert form, inhabiting rocky,
sterile places or dry sandy plains, as shown by the fleshy, thornarmed leaves having chitinous epidermis which resists evaporation.
Botanically, the species are difficult of classification, this genus
being easy of modification through change of environment and
cultivation.
It is perhaps impossible to determine accurately the
original forms of the highly cultivated species, which may have
It is likely
differentiated as much as maize from its udld ancestor.
that the ancestor of the pulque agave is represented by a ^\dld form
growing in the mountains of Mexico; but taking the cultivated agaves
Most of
as a whole, they are derived from a number of species.
the agaves, both wild and cultivated, have many uses other than
Smithsonian
Kava Drinking as Practiced by the Papuans and Polynesians.
MiscelUineous Collections (Quarterly issue), XLVII, Aug. G, 1904, pp. 85-92.
Proceedings U.
S.

577
578
the preparation of a beverage.
VOL. XXXIII
The agave is a wonder of the vegepalm as a foster mother of tribes
table kingdom, ranking with the
upward with her help. When one recognizes the benefits

the agave confers on man, there seems good ground for the generalization that without tliis plant the great population and the civilizastruggling
tion of the high plateau of Mexico would have been impossible; for
with the agave a civilization without cereals was feasible which was
attended with economics of the highest value for promoting advancement. What wire is to modern civilization the fiber of the agave
was to ancient Mexican culture. No country had a greater variety
of material for cordage or textiles than was furnished to the Mexican
tribes by the agave and related indigenous plants.
With every step
Fig.
in
1.
-Region near Tunol, Dur.\ngo, Mexico; agaves in foreground, prickly pear in middle
GROUND.
advance
tliia
plant
became mpre
usefid,
cultivation of cereals to which the Mexicans
and in the stage of the

had attained, the agave
now, indispensable to the well-being of Mexico. The

much time to enlarge upon in tliis
place, however interesting, and must be hinted at by examples during
was, as
it
is
benefits of the agave require too
the course of
tliis
paper.
While the agaves
are, as a rule, scattered as solitary individuals or
exist in groups of individual plants
among
other vegetation, there are
some localities vast natural fields, self-planted and self-perpetuating.

Such fields may be observed around San Luis Potosi and in
Durango, where the Agave, Opuntia, Echinocacti, and Mamillaria
form a remarkable characteristic vegetation. There, primitive fields,
in
No.
THE PULQUE OF }rEXICO~}tOUGH.
1579.
especially
where they
some extent
lie
contiguous to markets, are
and confections
579
now
utilized to
tuna or
In these natural fields
began the utilization of the agave, their abundance rendering them of
great economic value but the products of the wild plants are inferior
for pulque, fiber, fruit,
of the
prickly pear, etc., and are very profitable.
The selection and cultivation of the economic variety appears to have l)egun with the agave grown for family
use around the native jacals, where conditions of fertilization and care
led to the development of large, thrifty, quick-maturing specimens,
and this is the history of the adoption of valuable vegetal forms by
man. Many of the native pueblos of Mexico still present this early
to those of the cultivated.
Fig. 2. Natural
growth of agave, prickly pear, and

Mexico.
cacti
Workman with lever on
on hills near Tunol, Duran(;o,
shoulder.
stage of plant domestication. They consist of numerous contiguous

house plots, bounded by hedges of useful plants or loosely laid up
stone walls, and in these gardens plants were tested and modified, and
here were the early steps in agriculture. Within the fii'st generation
after Cortez conquered Mexico the Spaniards sought the commercial
exploitation of the country, and the large grants of land made for
various services to the crown were put to a wider use under a more
compact organization of labor and transportation than had ever been
accomplished by the native tribes." (Figs. 1-2.)
a The Humljoldt Codex has a representation of the pulque industry under Spanish
management. SelerinBull. 28, Bur. Amer. Ethnol.. 1904, p. 210.
PROCEEDINGS OF
580
TJtE
NATIONAL MUSEUM.
VOL. XXXIII.
To European
business methods
of cultivated agave,
One
travelers.
attribute the vast tracts
whose strange appearance excites the wonder of

on every hand prosperous haciendas devoted
sees
to the production of pulque.
The haciendas
we must
in the
(See
pulque
fig. 3.)
districts are
indeed models of careful
The enormous and sure returns from pulque

manufacture and the abundance and cheapness of the resident labor
agricidtural methods.
and expensive buildings of the hacienda.

For laborers there are a church, a school, a store, and a village of barracks; for the owner, an elaborate villa; and for the industry, a great
tinacal, or vat house and various stables, grain houses, and storehouses,
together forming an imposing group of buildings located among the
are apparent in the great
fields of
agave.
I'll,.
.;
A(.AVI-.
PLAM'AThiX NEAK
I'lTY
OF MEXICIi; CH APl],TKPEC IX THE llISTANCE.
not space here to enter upon a detailed description of agave

In general, plants two years old are taken from the " seed
beds" (as the close set plantations of suckers are called) and set out
8 or 10 feet apart, and for several years the spaces between the rows
At times irrigation is required, but there
are sown with other crops.
In
is division of opinion as to its eft'ect on the quality of the pulque.
There
is
culture.
about seven years the more forward plants, sometimes attaining a

weight of 2 tons, are ready to bloom, and there are certain signs by
which those who are skilled may detect the approach of this period.
The size and age of the individuals, the brown spots which appear on
the basal leaves, and the erect and bristling central leaves are prime
No.
THE PULQUE OF MEXICO HOUGH.
15Vft.
581
the
maculation appearing a year or more before the

plant is read}^ to bloom. The workman, having selected the maturHe attacks
ing plants, performs upon them the operation of cci'par.
leaves
outer
the
cutting
by
agave
great
the
the chevaux-de-frise of
indications
with a pointed knife or a machete, taking out long slices

and bending them over and
One leaf near the
away.
truncates, leaving
he
ground
stump
for a step, and he
the
clears off the spines where
they are in the way. ^Mien
the cone of close- folded
the
leaves in
unm asked, ho
drives in h s
knife at the
center is
base
strips
a n d
off
w w
the
li i t
leaves
tions of
which
por-
(.Large agave plant prepared for init

ho impales on
TioN. Near City ok Mexico.
the adjoining
terminal thorns to act as handera, or indicators. The
plant is now left for a year, when a cavity is scooped
out in its heart for the collection of saj). Descriptions
of this operation usually fail to mention the year of incubation following CO par, and give the impression that
(Fig. 4.)
the collection of sap is begun at once.
The dexterity of the workmen in preparing the plants
with the aid of a medium size knife is remarkable. In
Durango a stout oak palanca,
or lever (see fig. 2), 54

used to pry away the leaves in order to
get at the heart of the plant, and the machete (see fig.
The lever probably points
5) is used to cut the leaves.
to a c
period before the introduction of the iron machete
inches long,
Fig.
5. Machete.
is
an implement being necessary to manage the

fîHy-armed 1plant)
Generallv, the old leaves standing
against the prevailing wind are left untouched, to furnish a screen against the dust which might otherwise blow into the
cavity when the sap collects. Two or three hours after the cavity
has been prepared, it fills up with a clear sweet liquid having somewhat the taste of milk from a young cocoanut. This fluid is called
Handle OF HORN (such
RIVETED TO IRON
blade.
'^
'
'
IL

582
VOL. XXXIII.
The sugar-secreting quality of the agave, greatest at the

time of flowering, renders the sap at once available for fermentation.
aguamiel.
Fig.
6.
Hu(iE
agave showinc; bandera impaled on i>oint of

SIPHON and .skin sack.
The reason
for the flow of sap
order to build
Fig.
and
7.
up the
is
a leaf.
Collector at wokk with
that the plant juices secreted in
large flower stalk (sometimes 25 feet in height
Collector of aguamiel at work with siphon.

BY BURRO.
In this case transportation
is
6 inches in diameter) are diverted into the cavity excavated in
the heart.
Wherever
in
Mexico the agave
is
grown
for the produc-

No.
1570.
583
tion of pulque, a curious apparatus is used in drawing the sap from

the cavity, called "milking" the agave. It is a long, slender o-ourd,
bulbous at one extremity, having the small end cut off and a small
orifice at the summit of the bulb or in the side.
It is placed, small
end down,
in the liquid,
and the
collector applying
end and suddenly

exhausting the air from the gourd, draws up the
sap into it, closes the tube with his finger before
his lips to the orifice in the larger
the
mouth
removed from the upper
is
orifice,
and
turns the sap into a skin sack wliich he carries on

his back.
The gourtl, wliich is called ococote, or
venencia (meaning ''siphon"),
Pachuca, whence
tributed to
is
mainly grown near
dis-
agave
The "si-
the
plantations.
phon"
it is
differs in various
Gen-
regions in Mexico.
erally the orifice
apex instead
is
at the
of
on the
side of the bulb.
InDu-
rango the tubular end is

shod with horn, and
sometimes "siphons"
Fig.
8.
Gourd siphon
shod with horn.

MUSQUITEC lNI>I.\XS.
made
of tin are
employed.
After emptying the cavity,

the gatherer takes an imPig. 9. Siphon
made
plement of iron called rasshaped somewhat

like a spoon, but with a
deep bowl and sharp rim, and pares off a thin
slice from the interior surface of the basin for the
purpose of causing a renewal of the flow of the
liquid.
It is necessary to repeat this after each
of tin. durango,
Mexico.
Fig.
10. Sceapee
wrought
iron.
of
du-
p.ANGo, Mexico.
collection.
pador,
(Figs. 6-10.)
The method of making the sack
(fig.l 1)
employed
in transporting
pulque is very interesting, as it illustrates an ancient

industry and the preparation of a vessel still used in the East as well
as in
some European
head, feet, and
tail
countries.
fidl-grown goat is killed; the

is loosened from the neck
are removed; the skin

584
VOL. XXXIII.
with a knife, which is used only for this purpose. A wedge-shaped

piece of horn about 4 inches long and 2 inches broad, with a sharp
edge,
is
held in the fingers of the right hand and rapidly thrust between
liide.
When the legs are reached, they are separated
the flesh and the
''W/i'l
,\
Â^>H!V\(i\n4.V
Fig. 11.
Skin sack for transportini: aluamiel. It is usually carried in a net made op

AGAVE CORD. CHAUTLA, PUEBLA, MEXICO.
from the hide and pulled inside. In a short time the carcass can be
drawn out at the neck, though sometimes one leg is cut off and the carcass drawn through that opening.
vStuds of willow wood are tied in
Fig.
12.
CoLLFX'ToRS of
aguamiel.
Zumpango, Mexico.
Skin sack carried ix a net.
A tube is now fastened in the neck

and the skin is filled with air and by kneading is inflated to its utmost
capacity.
While in this state it is allowed to dry in the shade. These
the orifice and the hide turned.
skin vessels are used for transporting other liquids besides pulque.

No.
1579.
When the sack is frill

or
upon a burro
das, however,
the collector transports
to the brewery.
have
lines of
(See
figs. 7,
5^5
either on his
it
and
12
own back
Many hacien-
13.)
tram-
ways running through the fields,

over which the aguamiel may be
brought in more expeditiously.
The majority of owners of agave
plantations have the sap gathered
three
times daily, at sunrise,
noon,
and
sunset.
The yield
when
continues for three months,
the plant dies and becomes only
A large
usefid as fuel.
yield
4.5
plant will
gallons of sap during the
H u b o 1 d t says "A
very vigorous plant occasionally
yields the quantity of 454 cubic
season
inches in a day for four or five

months."'^ This seems to be an
A single man may
overestimate.
attend
300
plants
three
Fig.
Transportation of aguamiel
13.
SUNG ON THE
times
and receives 15
daily
in-,iars
TEPEACA, MEXKO.
BACK.
to 20
cents wages, ^nth corn for

his siistenance.
The chief
which
all
building in
of the interests of
the hacienda center

tinacal
(tina,
vat;
is
the
liacal
Mexican, calli. a house). It

Is of one stor}-, with numerous windows, and is usually
of great extent filled with
rows of shallow leather vats
formed
hide of
l)y
stretclung the
bullock
over a
square frame supported on
four short posts.
L ormerly,
small owners laced a bula
lock's skin
by
its
edges to
four stout poles forming a

li-
\'AT
IlolSH
AND
Antonio.
the
fields.
litter horn. i\ie
W(jI:K.MKX,
HACIENDA DE SAN
These were set up

under a shelter in or near
horsehair is used to remove insects and
frame.
Ometusco, Mexico.
sieve
made
aguamiel.
of
(See
o Travels.
figs.
14-16).
Edinburgh,
'
p. 330.
586
VOL. XXXIII.
Perhaps the most important spot in the pulque hacienda is the cool
and clean darkened room where the semilla is kept. Semilla is the
Yui. 15. Field
vat for i'repabation of pulque. The pulqi'e

HOLES IN THE SKIN.
is
drawn off by means of
by "setting'' in a vat
aguamiel to which has l>een added a pure culture of the ferment. This
slowly ripens and is prevented
froim souring by the addition from
time to time of fresh aguamiel.
Portions of the semilla are added
to the vats of aguamiel in the
tinacal, or vat room, to produce
strong steady fermentation. Semilla is thick and white and is
.yeast for fermenting the agumniel, prepared
made
,up
of glistening globules
It is true
like small tapioca.
remaining
germs
yeast
the
that
hide
vats and
of
the
})ores
the
in
FIG.
16.-S.EVEror,M,.,WMNG AGUAMIEL. DURAN- -^

GO, IMiiXlCO.
^^^ ^-^ ^^
^j^^
^-^^^^J
^.-JJ
^^^_
ferment fresh aguamiel

is too slow and uncerprocess
the
practice
poured into the vat, but in
with great care
watched
and
regulated
is
The f(M-mentation
tain.
fice
to
No.
THE rULQUE OF MEXICO HOUGH.
1579.
587
and corrected by the addition of fresh aguamiel when required. In

a few hours the fermentation has gone througli its various stages to
the finished product, ready for the market, consisting of a turbid
whitish Hquid smelhng hke very old sour milk.
It is barreled and
hurried to the points of consumption with the greatest dispatch, since
the liquid is perishable and the supply must be received daily.
Special trains on tlio railroads in the pulque region are run for the distribution of tliis beverage, and transportation by wagon, mule back,
canal boats, bearers, etc., is thoroughly organized.
While the present pulque industry is pursued on practically the
same lines as in ancient times, the apparatus has changed in some
In the aboriginal period skins of large
respects since the Conquest.
animals for vats and collecting bags were lacking and the fermentation
and collecting was in pottery vessels and large gourds, as the writer
has observed among the Indians of San Luis Potosi. Iron also was
lacking and the knife and rasp were supplied by flakes and chipped
implements of obsidian, and the great leaves of the plant were pried
away with a heavy pole having a sharpened end like a chisel. 'It is
not known whether the ''siphon" was anciently usedâ gourd or pottery dipper may have served for that purpose.
Since the industry
was local and domestic, there may have been other modifications of
apparatus and processes due to environment and custom as there is
at present in isolated portions of Mexico.
The pulquerias, which exist in great numbers, open up another
phase of the question, full of interest to the student of sociolog3\ The
pulquerias (fig. 17) are foul-smelling resorts decorated in barbaric art,
with a patronage of the lowest order hanging about in various stages
of stupefaction.
Pulque is the drink of the masses, and there is connected with it in the minds of the people much folk-lore and custom,
and among these may be found survivals of cult beliefs and practices.
Pulque is very perishable, and various methods for preserving it
have been tried, such as freezing, compression, and bottling, but with
no practical success. Adulteration is frequent, and in this connection the roots of Acacia Jilicina, sold in the markets under the name of
timbe (Mexican: opactli) has caused no little discussion.
In the
Leyes de Indias, JMexico, 1794, there is an old law (lib. VI, Tit. I; Ley
37;
f.
stated,
gives
it
192) prohibiting the adulteration of pulque, and
"they mix with
it
certain roots, boiling water
such force that
it
takes
away
the senses. "
deleterious effects of the beverage follows, but timhe
and
it is
A long list
is
there
lime, wliich
of the
not specifically
Bundles of the root are figured on plate 73, of the Book

Ancient Mexicans, edited ])y Mrs. Zelia Nuttall, and
published by the University of California, in 1903.
Timhe or ocpatli
is described as ''Raiz con que gozian el vino que se llama ocpatli."
The late Dr. Jose Ramirez was of the opinion that the tannic acid of
mentioned.
of Life of the
588
an
VOL. xxxni.
aid in stopping fermentation and that that is

There is no question, however, that this root
was anciently used, and the impression has been that its purpose was
to supply a ferment and make the liquid stronger; but Doctor Ramirez has here advanced what seems to be a scientific and adequate
explanation.
Pulque is the basis of a number of compound drinks,
and various means are employed to modify its flavor. Pulque prepared with special care for use of the haciendas is quite palatable comthe tvmhe
is
the cause of
(efficient
its use.
17. Pulque shop
named for Queen Xochitl.
Cuernavaca, Mexico.
pared with the commercial product sold in the cities. It has a subacid taste like the juice of an apple, a heav}^ body, and a very slight
alcoholic flavor.
In this form it is an agreeable and apparently nourishing beverage.
Taken in large quantities pulque is intoxicating,
but the effect of habitual stimulation with it is not worse than that
produced by lager beer. The repellent odor and taste of the liquor,
however, take it out of the category of beverages which appeal to the
higher gustatory sense and mark it as one solely drunk for its after
No.
1579.
effect.
589
When the agave sap is mixed with water and sugar and allowed
to ferment, a
more agreeable beverage
sold in a characteristic
way.
called tepacJie results,
which
is
(Fig. 18.)
To a certain extent, distillation has been practiced in connection

with the pulque industry. Pulque distilled yields mescal de pulque,
a spirit of little value and not to be compared wdth mescal like that
of Tequila, which is distilled from the fermented saccharine product
of the roasted agave.
Largely because the distillation of pulque
Fig.
18.
Tepache vendor's outfit consisting of an olla, olla ring, and two
cups.
Durango,
Mexico.
low in alcoholic content is not profitable, and because roasted agave

and highly fermented fluids of different classes yielding better spirit
are common, mescal de pulque is not often made.
The fact, however,
that pulque was distilled is interesting in connection with the distillation of palm wine.
Like wines, pulque is distinguished b}^ the regions
in which it is produced, and the output of a certain hacienda often
enjoys a reputation for flavor and quality. The pulque of Apan
in Tlaxcala, on whose vast plain agave fields stretch away as far
590
as the eye can reach,
ard of excellence.
is
classed as ijulque fino,
That produced in the valley
and
is
vol.xxxiii.
the stand-
of Mexico, Toluca,
and other parts, is known as pulque coriente, or tlacliique in the

Nahuatl tongue. The larger part of the pulque produced in Mexico
is tlachique, which differs chiefly from the pulque fino in that it is
sweet and has little flavor. At the hacienda de San Antonio de
Ometusco, through the courtesy of the proprietor, the writer had
every facility for studying the manufacture of the highest grade of
pulque, and the description above is largely the result of observations
made
there, at least in so far as reference is
made
to the
modern
organized pulque industry.
Much has been
An
said concerning the nourishing qualities of pulque.
shows that, while aguamiel contains 12 per cent of nourishment, pulque contains only 2 per cent and about 3 J per cent of
alcohol, the remainder being water.
A substance called agavin,
Avliich is supposed to have medicinal properties, has been isolated
from pulque. An analysis of aguamiel and pulque shows:
analysis
Constituents.
Albuminoid substances,
Sugar
Salts
Alcohol.
Water, gas,
and
loss
gum and
resin.
Aguamiel.
2.54
Pulque.
No.
i57y.
visit
him
a prominent
man named
Papantzin, accompanied by his
The maiden presented
beautiful daughter Xochitl.
591
to the chief a jar
which he and his attendants drank and were pleased

with the effects which followed. Xochitl told Tepancaltzin that the
beverage was obtained fi"om the maguey plant, fi-om which a whitish
and sweet juice was extractetl and on fermentation became pulque.
Tepancaltzin, intoxicated by the pulque prepared by Papantzin'
daughter, and infatuated with her beauty, fell in love with her and
married her. Thus Xochitl became queen of Tollan, and she bore
Tepancaltzin a child who was called Meconetzin, "the son of the
pulque, " a name given him to commemorate the discovery and invenIt is said that Tepantion of the pulque made by his mother, Xochitl.
caltzin and Xochitl were killed in a battle when the Toltecs were
destroyed, and Meconetzin, the last chief, never came to his own."
Like most aboriginal legends, it may contain a kernel of truth and
refer to some historical event, long subsequent, however, to the actual
knowledge of the fermented sap of the agave, which was acquired at
some stage of the utilization of the plant.
There was great scarcity of animal food on the plateau of ^lexico,
and to satisfy the craving for such food, lly larva? from the lake, lizEspecially prized and sought were the
ards and the like, were eaten.
larva? of an insect which bores the fleshy leaves of the agave, a fat
white grub about 1 inch long whose scientific name is Acentrocneme
Icollari Felder, called by the Mexicans guson, and in Nahuatl mescuillin.
It is figured in the Troano manuscript'' (fig. 10), and its characteristic
is seen to be the gnawing apparatus by which it tunnels the agave.
Gusones to this day are collected in April,
boiled, wrapped in the epidermis of the agave,
sold on the streets of ISIexico and are eaten
with avidity.
To all appearances they are
nourishing and palatable, and it is said that
of pulque, of
connoisseurs prefer
them
to oysters or swal-
lows' nests.
The writer
the
believes
sap-yielding
that the discovery of
quality
through search tor il

these
J.1
J?
of
the agave
was
fig.
larva*.
gnawing
i9.-gusono
THE AGAVE.
MEXICAN
picture writing.
The search for fdêr also no doubt brought about an early acquaintance with the agave, which may have led to the knowledge of its stores
of sap. The finest whitish liber is found in the young unsheathed leaves
of the central spike, and the removal of these previous to the flowering under certain conditions might have taught the important lesson.
o Extracted from Etudio Quimico Industriel de los Varies Productes del Maguey
Mexicano. Jose G. Lobato, Mexico, Government, 1884.
b Cyrus Thomas, Maya Codices, Gth Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. EtlmoL, p. 351.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
38
592
Another conjecture
is
vol. xxxiii.
that the Mexican tribes were instructed in the
by some one who was familiar with the

which has been practiced in the Orient from
time immemorial. This seems going rather far afield for an explanation.
If there is anything the Indian understands it is his ])lants,
and in a multitude of ways he proves this familiarity and illustrates
their nearness to him above all other things in nature.
Still, since the
tapping of the agave is a complicated operation not likely to have
been arrived at in a haphazard manner, it is possible that the idea
may have come from a foreign source.
It is interesting in this connection to mention that the beverages
of the tribes of mankind include but two prepared by fermenting the
sap obtained by tapping plants pulque and palm wine and that
with them is connected primitive distillation.
method
of tapping the agave
art of tapping the pahn,
NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC COPEPODS: NEW GENERA

AND SPECIES OF CALIGIN.E.
By Charles Branch Wilson,
Department of
Normal
Biolof/y, State
tSchool, Westjleld,
Mass.
Durine: the summer of 1905 it was the author's good fortune to

enjoy two months' study of the parasites which infest our Southern
fishes.
The work was carried on during the months of Jidy and
August at the laboratory of the Bureau of Fisheries at Beaufort,
North Carohna.
For this vahiable opportunity the author is indebted to the courtesy
of the Hon. George M. Bowers, U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, to
whom acknowledgment
Thanks are
also
due to
laboratory, for placing at
is
gratefidly made.
Caswell Grave, the director of the

easy disposal every facility which the
Dr."
laboratory afforded.
A good idea of the value and abimdance of the material thus

gathered may be obtained fi'om the present paper, which includes
only those forms belonging to the subfamily Caliginae, the others
being reserved for future publication. This paper may be considered as the supplement of the
more extensive one already pub-
hshed upon the same subfamily.**
work upon the copepod paraour Southern fishes. Isolated forms have been reported
from the middle Atlantic by Leidy in 1855; from the southern
It also represents the first collected
sites
of
by Say in 1818; by Dana in 1854, and by Rathbun in 1884,

and from the Danish West Indies by Kroyer in 1863. But all of
these accounts include scarcely a dozen species, fidly two-thirds of
which were described by Kroyer alone.
Wliile Iris descriptions are nearly always accurate enough for
purposes of classification, yet they wêre all made from preserved
material, and therefore of necessity give us notliing in regard to
the coloration or habits.
And only one or two of the species have
ever been seen since their original description.
Atlantic
aProc. U.
Proceedings U.
S.
S.
Nat. Mus.,
XXVIII.
1905, p. 479.

593
594
vol. xxxiii.
warrant a redescription of any of

Two such redescriptions
Caiigus
haemulonis
and Lepeophtheirus
inckided,
those
of
liere
are
monacanthus, and others will follow in future papers.
These are
sufficient reasons to
the species on obtaining fi-esh material.
The other
new to science, and are particidarly

them are the types of new genera wliich
between some of the older forms and serve
five species are
interesting because
two
of
stand as connecting links

to emphasize their close relationship.
occidentalis, is a
new
third species, Parapetalus
representative of a genus wliich previously had
but a single species, and it changes the old generic diagnosis in many
important particulars.
The drawings are all original and made from living material.
CALIGUS H^MULONIS
Plate
Caiigus haemulonis
Kroyeu,
Kroyer.
XLIX.
1863, p. 48, pi. iv,
figs.
3a-d.
Basse tt-Smith, 1899
p. 448.
Female.
Carapace orbicular, as wide as long, somewhat narrowed
considerably less than half (0.4) the entire length.

Frontal plates distinct, half as wide as long, with an emarginate
Lunules orbicular
frontal border and a deep incision at the center.
and occupying the entire width of the plates, but not projecting
anteriorly.
Eyes large, with prominent lenses, and situated well
forward. Posterior sinuses broadly U-shaped and comparatively
Median lobe three-sevenths as wide as the carapace, squarely
deep.
truncated posteriorly and not projecting beyond the lateral lobes.
anteriorly,
Thoracic area large, its outline almost a perfect half circle; digestive
glands large and horseshoe shaped, filling the entire width of the
median
lobe.
Free segment three-fifths as wide as the genital segment and comparatively long, showing a strong constriction anteriorly where it
joins the carapace.
Genital segment oblong, half the width of the carapace, its width
Its posterior corners are evenly roimded and
to its length as 5 to 7.
without lobes;
its
posterior
Abdomen narrow and
margin
is
slightly concave.
elongate, one-jointed, less than half the width
of the genital segment, its length 2.4 times its width.

It is widest at the center and sHghtly narrowed toward each end;
anal laminae small, each carrying tlu-ee large terminal setae, and a
short spine on the outer margin.
wide as the abdomen and reacliing but little beyond

the tips of the setae; eggs large and only 15 or 18 in each string.
Of the appendages the second antennie are small, with the terminal
claw but slightly curved; the basal joint is armed posteriorly with a
Egg
strings as
blunt spine half as long as the terminal claw.

First maxilhe as long as the claw of the second antennae and bent
sharply at a right angle near their center.
NEW SPECIES OF ('A LIGIN.E WILSON.
NO. 1580.
595
Mouth tube three-fifths as wide as long, with a bony framework

considerably like that in Caligufi rapax.
Second maxillse only about half the length of the mouth tube,
and l)lunt; exopod papilla comparatively
with a spine actually longer than the endopod.
Furca large; branches stout and a little curved like parentheses
marks. Second maxillipeds with a weak terminal claw about half
simple, slightly curved,

large,
the length of the basal joint.
The first swimming legs carry a short, stout spine on the posterior
border of their basal joint and a long, slender one at its anterior distal
corner.
Terminal joint with the usual three claws and a spine, but
without any trace of the plumose seta? on the posterior border.
Spines on the exopods of the second legs very long and slender, those
at the tip of the terminal joint with a wide, membranous flange along
both sides.
The seta next to these claws also has a narrow membranous flange
along its outer side.
Rami of the third legs well separated; claw at the base of the exopod large, slightly curved, and blunt.
Fourth legs stout and three-jointed, with five claws, the terminal
one at the inner corner about twice as long as the others. Fifth legs
invisible dorsally and almost so ventrally, consisting of very small
papilla\ each with a single seta and situated on the ventral surface
at the posterior corners of the genital segment.
Oviducts not very densely coiled inside the genital segment; cement
glands comparatively large and inclined somewhat away fi-oni the
central axis, the cellular portion wide and club-shaped.
Total length, 3.75 mm.; carapace, 1.6 mm.; genital segment,
abdomen, 0.86 mm. width of carapace, 1.6 mm. egg strings,
1 mm.
;
1.2
mm.
Carapace more
than half the entire length, but otherwise

Free segment very short and as wide as the genital
segment; the latter oblong, one-half longer than wide, and only onefourth the width of the carapace.
Abdomen four-fifths as long as the genital segment, two-jointed,
the terminal joint twice the length of the basal.
Second antenna^ small with a broad and spathulate terminal claw,
which is bent in a half circle. These antennae are not branched as in
most Caligus males, but the base of the claw is armed with a knob of
corrugated chitin on its inner surface.
Male.
as in the female.
First maxilla? actually longer than the second antennae, slender and
acuminate, and like the antennge bent in a half circle.
Second maxillae as long as the entire mouth tube, their base broadly
triangular and carrying a large exopod papilla tipped with two short
spines.
Branches of the furca curved considerably more than in the
female, leaving an elliptical sinus in the center.
Base
of the
second
596
vol. xxxiii.
maxillipeds armed with a long and stout spine which overlaps the tip
of the terminal claw.
segment
of
medium
Body
size,
of the
semen receptacles
in the genital
situated close to the posterior margin of the
segment, with a tube running the whole length of the segment and
Fifth legs visible dorsally and appearing on
the lateral margins of the genital segment about one-third the distance
intricately convoluted.
from
its
posterior end.
Total length, 2.2
abdomen,
0.4
mm.
carapace, 1.2
mm.; width
mm.
of carapace, 1.1
genital segment, 0.5
mm.;
mm.
Color of both sexes a uniform yellowish pink, thickly penciled on

both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body and the two median
pairs of swimming legs with spots and lines of a bright rust-colored
pigment. The eyes are exceptionally clear, so clear in fact that they
stand out plainly to the naked eye in spite of the minute size of the
copepod. They are assisted in this by their deep reddish-brown color,
which contrasts strongly with the pink of the body.
The species is readily distinguished by these large eyes and by the
absence of any plumose
setae
(Jixmulonis, the generic
on the
name
first
swimming
legs.
of their host.)
Several males and females of this species were obtained, some from
the mouth of the blackiish, Centropristes striatus, others from the
and still others from the

Those
from the blackfish
of the seacat, FelicJithys 7narinus.
from
the catfish are
collection,
those
are Cat. No. 32816, U. S. N. M.
seacat,
Cat. No.
the
and
those
from
Cat. No. 32815, U. S. N. M.,
32813, U. S. N. M.
Kroyer obtained only three specimens, two females and a male, all
from Ilsemulon elegans Cuvier in the Danish West Indies.
The finding of the present specimens, therefore, adds three new hosts
and extends the habitat of the species well up along the Atlantic
coast. There can be no doubt that this is Kroyer's species, since it
agrees in every essential particular with the description he has given
except in the shape of the frontal plates and the genital segment.
With reference to the latter it is enough to say that the females
obtained by the present author were smaller (and younger?) than the
one whose dimensions he has given. And the discrepancy is no
greater than would ordinarily be expected between such different
mouth
mouth
of the catfish, Ilexanematiclithys felis
stages of maturity.
In regard to the projecting frontal plates the case
is
different.
Kroyer had two females which presumably agreed in this particular,

but they had both been preserved for some time while the present
specimens were examined while alive.
We can only conclude that the absence of plumose setae on the first
legs is of more specific value than the shape of the frontal plates.
With
activity
reference to the habits of the species

is
in inverse ratio to their size.
it
Both
may
be said that their

but particularly
sexes,
NO.
NEW SPECIES OF CAUaiN.E WTLSON.
\m.
597
livel}^, moving about rapidly on the inside of the

mouth, so that the}^ are difficult to catch uninjured. When
transferred to an aquarium they swim about as constantly and as
the male, are very

iish's
restlessly as Caligus rapax.
any
ifested
But
so far as observed neither sex
man-
many
other
up out
of the
water
CALIGUS RUFUS, new
species.
desire to crawl
like so
species.
Plate
T..
Types. Cat. No. 32812, U. S. National Museum.

Body elongate and narrow in all its parts; carapace
elliptical, considerably narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, sixelevenths of the entire length, and nearly one-half longer than wide
fi'ontal plates exceptionally wide and prominent;
hmules large,
widely separated, and not projecting; frontal margin with a slight
curve and a shallow incision at the center, in which can be seen the
Female.
remains of the frontal filament.

Posterior sinuses narrow, triangular, and shallow; median lobe
five-eighths the width of the carapace and projecting far behind
the lateral lobes, its sides tapering rapidly, its posterior margin
evenly rounded; thoracic area nearly half the entire length, with
a wide and squarely truncate anterior margin; eyes comparatively
and situated far forward, close to the frontal plates.

Free segment short and only half the width of the genital segment;
the latter oblong with straight sides and evenly rounded corners;
large
fifth legs invisible dorsally.
Abdomen
one-jointed, two-fifths as wide
and two-thirds
as the genital segment, tapering considerably;
anal
as long
laminae long
and narrow and inclined toward each other; terminal seta^ nearly
as long as the whole abdomen; egg strings about tlu-ee-fourths
as wide as the abdomen and three-fifths of the entire body length;
30 to 40 eggs in each string.
Second antenna^ rather small, tlu'ee-jointed, the basal joint carrying a large spine on its ventral surface, the terminal claw stout and
strongly curved; first maxilhe small and rudimentary, consisting
principally of a swollen l)ase on which are borne two papillfe, each
tipped with two seta% in addition to the short, slender, and nearly
straight terminal portion.
Second maxilhv slender and elongate, with a triangular base carrying on its anterior corner a large papilla armed with two setae. These
maxilhv curve outward slightly and reach nearly to the end of the
mouth
tube.
This
the mouth tube, is of an unusual pattern for the

and resembles that found among the Pandarime more
any species thus far described. It is narrow and fulh' four
latter,
Caligime
than
in
598
vol.
xxxni.
times as long as wide, with a very simple bony framework indisThe framework consists of four
tinctly jointed near the center.
These
long bones, one on either margin of the upper and under lips.
bones are jointed to other short oblique ones, which are fastened
At
to the ventral surface at the proximal end of the mouth tube.
the distal end they are connected by a series of transverse bones very
similar to those found in
Caligus curtus.
The mouth opening
is
terminal and reaches nearly the whole diameter of the tube. It is

surrounded with the usual fringe of long hairs.
The terminal claws of the first maxillipeds have a narrow membranous fringe along both margins. The second maxillipeds have
a stout and swollen basal joint, while the terminal claw is much
and well curved. On the inner surface of the
shorter, but strong
basal joint near
its
proximal end there
is
an elevation, at the top
of
a circular cup or pit, as though it were for the reception of

the terminal claw, but the latter is not long enough to reach it. The
which
is
fru'ca is entirely lacking.
The
and weak, the
with a small
claw
twice
as long as
spine on its posterior border, the outer terminal
especially
large
and
stout
with
the other two. The second legs are
the
tip
of
the basal
The
spine
at
long and strong plumose setse.
while
inner
margin,
the one
along
its
joint of the exopod is toothed
The
apron
of the
both
margins.
joint
is
toothed
along
on the second
with
the
long
set*
of
longer
usual,
making
much
than
third legs is
third
The
rami
of
these
powerful
swimming
organs.
legs
the second
legs are very widely separated, the exopod three-jointed and approximated closely to the margin of the apron, but even then it does not
cover half the distance to the two-jointed endopod.
The fourth legs are small and weak, three-jointed with five spines, the
four outer ones about the same length, the one at the inner corner
somewhat longer. The fifth legs are near the posterior margin of the
genital segment on the ventral surface, and each shows two distinct
papillae standing side by side, the outer one carrying a single seta, the
inner and larger one carrying two.
In fig. 24, showing the ventral surface of the genital segment, the
oviducts are just l)eginning to coil, and their entire contents are
This specimen, therefore, is a young female which had
granular.
never borne eggs. The cement glands are narrow, parallel to each
other, and close to the mid line. The cellular part extends nearly to
the base of the glands, leaving only a very short and inflated duct.
The semen receptacles are of the usual spindle shape, comparatively
small and slender.
On the external surface can be seen two spermatophores discharging their contents into the sperm receptacles through the sexual
first
openings.
legs are small
l)asal joint
No.
NE W SPECIES OF
1580.
CA LTGIX. E WTLSOX.
599
The ovaries and musculature of the carapace are pecuhar, as is

shown in fig. 25. The ovaries (o) are narrow and semilunar, the
convex sides facing each other and almost touching at the mid line;
they are somewhat narrower at the center and enlarged at either
end, their posterior third lying within the thoracic area. The muscles
of the carapace, instead of being narrow and separate, as in most
species, are fused into
broad sheets.
This fusion necessarily modifies the direction in some instances; for

the fused sheet can extend in but a single direction, while the separate muscles nearly always diverge or may even be curved.
This is particularly true in the thoracic area. In the present
species we find but four of these muscle sheets on either side, very
simply arranged, in place of the complicated pattern assumed by the

numerous (twelve or more) individual muscles in Caligus curtus^ and
allied species.
the thoracic area back into the free
The muscles which run from

and
genital segments, as well as those in the
two
latter segments, are
of the usual pattern.
Total length, 4.4

1.1
1
mm.;
mm.;
mm.;
mm.: width of
carapace, 2.35
width of carapace,
1.7
genital segment,
genital segment,
mm.
Color, a bright orange yellow, thickly penciled above and below

with lines and spots of a brilliant reddish-brown or rust color.
In some specimens the color is confined to separate spots without
any penciling. By transmitted light this is the most highly-colored
Caligus thus far described, since a wash of the rust-colored pigment
fills the tissues of the carapace in the innnediate vicinity of the spots
much as though the color had "run." This bright color, wliicli
appears upon the ventral surface and the appendages as well as
upon the
dorsal surface,
is
alone enough to differentiate the species.
(rufus, rust colored).
Carapace elliptical, one-fifth longer than wide; second

CTialimus.
and third thorax segments not yet fused with the head, but free,
and, with the fourth segment, diminishing regularly in
Eyes large and

lenses;
of a deep
brown
size.
color with prominent reddish
situated about in the center of the carapace.
Genital segment and
abdomen
still
united and comparatively short;
them armed with six seta?. First

antenna^ fully developed second pair with a weak and nearly straight
terminal claw. Mouth parts like those of the adult in miniature;
mouth tube already very long and narrow.
anal lamina^ large, and each of
;
Swimming legs rudimentary, the first and second pairs better developed than the third and fourth. First two pairs biramose, the rami
simple and armed with nonplumose setae.
"See Proc. U.
S.
Nat. Mas.,
XXVIII,
p. 51, fig. 24.

600
The endopod
is
of the first pair is
The rami
without set*.
much
vol. xxxiii.
shorter than the exopod and
of the second pair are
about equal in
size.
The third pair have no endopod but only a slight swelling where
will later appear.
The fourth pair are simple and very short.
Total length, 1 mm.; length of carapace, 0.56 mm.; width
carapace, 0.47
it
of
mm.
Groundwork
colorless
but with the entire dorsal surface thickly

lines.
Tliis fact, together with
sprinkled with rust-colored spots and
the shape of the
mouth
tube,
is sufficient
to identify the chalimus,
amount of pigment.
This species was found upon the outer surface and in the gill cavity
of the sea catfish, Felichthys marinus, the chalimus being found fastened to the pectoral fin. The female is lively, swims about actively,
and lives a long time in captivity. It is singularly free, for a Caligus,
from the pernicious habit of crawling up out of the water and remainsince in other species this stage has a very limited
ing Chere
till
dried.
The distinguishing characters are the color, the long and narrow
mouth tul)e, the weak first and fourth legs, and the wide separation
The toothed spines on the exopod s of
of the rami of the third legs.
the second legs are also peculiar.
LEPEOPHTHEIRUS MONACANTHUS
Heller.
Plate- LI.
Lepeophtheinismonacanthxs Heller,
1865, p. 183, pi. xvi,
fig.
Bassett-Smith,
1896, p. 456.
Female.
Carapace
entire length
and a
ovate, considerably
trifle
more than one-third the
Anterior margin of the

and incised but little at the center.
separated from the carapace but the two
wider than long.
frontal plates nearly straight
They
are also not distinctly
are fused
more than in other
species.
Posterior sinuses narrow, shallow, and inclined considerably toward
Median lobe about half the entire width, not probeyond the lateral lobes, and emarginate posteriori}^ Tho-
the central axis.

jecting
racic area small, two-fifths of the length of the carapace, its outline
the arc of an almost perfect circle.
Digestive glands small, shaped like a beehive, with the rounded

ends inclined inward toward each other. Eyes small and placed far
forward, with inconspicuous otocysts.
Free segment as long as wide, half the width of the genital segment
with both ends convex and projecting into the carapace and genital
segment, respectively.
Genital segment ovate, six-sevenths as long as the carapace, with
evenly curved sides and short rounded lobes at the posterior corners.
Fifth legs not visible in dorsal view. Abdomen conical, about the
same width at its base as the free segment, but tapering rapidly
No.l5s<o.
toward the
NEW SPECIES
tip.
OF CALTGIN.E- WILSON.
In preserved specimens there
is
601
a constriction on
either side just l)ack of the center, but living specimens
show no
joint
here.
Anal laminae fairly large, inclined toward each other, each tipped
with three short setie. Egg strings wide and considerably longer
than the entire })ody, with 50 or 60 eggs in each string.
Of the appendages the second antenna^ are long and slender, with
the terminal claw bent in a half circle near the tip. No first maxillae
could be found but there is a small spine on either side in just about
the position of these maxilla^ which may be their rudiment.
The second maxillae are close to the mouth tube, with a broad and
swollen base and an abruptly narrowed, slender, and acuminate tip.
Upon the base is borne a ]:)apilla armed with two setae, representing
the rudimentary endopod.
The fii'st maxillipeds are of the usual pattern; the second pair are
long and slender, the two joints about the same length, the terminal
claw bent in a half circle which embraces its entire length. The furca
is long and narrow, the central sinus U-shaped, the branches slender
and slightly enlarged at their tips.

The fii'st swimming legs are peculiar
claw, which, however,
is
in
having only a single terminal
longer than the entire terminal joint and two-
thirds as wide, with a blunt tip.
The basal joint carries a spine on both the anterior and posterior
margins at the distal end. The second joint has a single small spine
at the distal end on the anterior margin.
The spines on the exopods of the second legs are unusually large.
The rami of the third legs are close together and chiefly noticeable on
account of a lack of plumose setae, each ramus having but three. In
addition the endo])od carries two spines while the exopod has five.
The fourth legs are tlu-ee- jointed with five spines, the four on the terminal joint being nearly in a row at the end and all about the same
size.
Total length, 4 mm.; carapace, length, 1.55 mm.; free segment, 0.5
genital segment, 1.15 mm.; abdomen, 0.80 mm.; wddth of car-
mm.;
apace, 1.66
mm.; width
of genital segment,
Color, a transparent horn color,
mm.
sometimes quite yellow, with small
dark purple spots evenly distributed over the dorsal surface.

{monacanthus, piovog one and aKocvdi] a spine, in allusion j:o the
single spine at the tip of the fu'st legs.)
Young female. Carapace nearly half the entire length, broadly

ovate, wider than long, narrowed considerably anteriorly.
Frontal
and very prominent; frontal margin with a slight
showing a broad curve sweeping
forward almost to the edge of the transparent ])order. The latter is
corrugated in fine lines on either side of the curve and apparently acts
plates wide, distinct,
incision at the center, its lateral ends
002
vol. xxxiin.
Nothing Hke this has

of
noticed
in
other
species
Lepeophtheirus.
been
ever
About half way between this lateral curve and the central incision
is a single fiagelliim on either side, which reaches beyond the edge of
the transparent border and is evidently sensory. The median sucker
on the ventral surface at the base of the frontal filament seems espeThe remainder of the caracially well develo])ed in this young form.
pace is similar to that of the adult. The free segment is relatively
larger than in the adult, lieing three-quarters as long as the genital
segment, and at the center, through the bases of the fourth legs, once
and a half its width.
The genital segment is a narrow oblong, only one-fifth as wide as the
carapace and two-fifths as long, with parallel sides. At the posterior
corners where it joins the abdomen the beginnings of the sexual organs
can be plainly seen. On the dorsal surface at either side is the os uteri,
This takes the form of a
or opening of the oviduct to the exterior.
large, broad, and blunt papilla projecting from the angle of the genital segment, on a level with and alongside the dorsal surface of the
abdomen.
Inside the genital segment can be seen the posterior end of the
oviduct, coiled irregularly, enlarged somewhat, and easily mistaken
as a sort of sucker, like the luniiles in Caligus.
for the
semen
rece])tacles of the male.
On
the ventral surface can be seen the fifth legs as a pair of large
and blunt papillae, with tiny setae at their tips. Just in front of
these legs a joint can be plainly seen extending across the ventral
surface of the genital segment, as though the fifth legs were to be
separated from the rest of the segment. This joint also appears
indistinctly upon the dorsal surface, but would never be noticed if
it were not first discovered on the ventral surface.
In front of the
fifth legs on the ventral surface may be seen the cement glands,
already well formed and with the division of the central lumen into
In the posterior portion of the abdomen the
cells plainly visible.
respiratory muscles extending from the
portion of the intestine show that this

at least for a time after the molt
abdomen wall to the cloacal

mode of respiration persists
from the chalimus into the adult
form.
may be learned from this study of the

Perhaps the most important one is the necessity for
great care in distinguishing between young females and males.
The
specimens under consideration were judged at first to be males; they
were of the right size the proportions of the body regions were those
of ordinary Lepeophtheirus males, and the coiling of the oviducts
at the posterior end of the genital segment looked much like a pair of
semen receptacles. But on examining them under high magnification, in order to explain the curious structures in the genital segment,
Several interesting facts
young female.
NEW SPECIES
NO. 1580.
OF CALIGIN^ WILSON.
808
well-developed cement glands were found which proved the sex

beyond a doubt. A second fact, therefore, would be that these glands
develop first in the growth of the sexual organs and furnish a sure
method
of distinguishing the sexes.
A third inference is in regard
to the so-called fifth legs;
joint extending across the genital
segment
in front of
if
there
is
them then they
must be the rudiments of the sixth rather than the fifth pair of legs.
When two pairs are visible upon the genital segment we call the
posterior pair the sixth and the anterior pair the fifth.
But this
young female would seem to show that when only one pair are present
they are as likely to be the sixth as the fifth pair. A genital segment
which shows no signs of division in the adult may have been divided
in the young with sufficient clearness to indicate beyond a doubt
which pair of legs it is that are present.
mm.; length
mm.; length of
Total length, 3.3

free segment, 0.5
of carapace,
1.7
mm.; length of
mm.; length
of abdomen, 0.7 nun.; width of carapace, 1.7 mm.; width of genital

segment, 0.4 mm.
Nauplius. Body ovate, evenly rounded anteriorly but quite
squarely truncated posteriorly between the balancers. Appendages
proportionally longer than usual, but otherwise of the ordinary
form. The entire center of the body filled with a mass of opaque
yellowish yolk granules, which extend forward in three lobes the
median of which is wider and blunter than the two lateral ones.
The balancers
are long, cylindrical, and quite strongly curved; they

from the posterior corners at an angle of 45 degrees, but
curve forward so much that their terminal halves are in the same
straight line which is at right angles to the body axis.
The pigment
is of a peculiar deep Prussian blue and is distributed in the form of
spots along either margin of the l)ody outside the yolk.
There is a
large spot at the base of each balancer, and the two fuse across the
mid line. The eye spot is also large and covers the entire space
between the bases of the fh'st antennae.
Total length, 0.22 mm.; width of body, 0.12 mm.
This species was established by Heller in 1865 from specimens
found on the gills of " Pimelodus maculatus," a catfish common in
Brazil.
The species has not been seen since, or at least has not
appeared in any published AVTitings. In the redescri])tion as here
given many interesting details have been added.
The present specimens were obtained from two species of the same
family of catfish, namely Hexanematichthys felis Linnaeus and Felichthys marinus Mitchill.
The former lot of specimens is Cat. No. 32804,
U. S. N. M., the latter Cat. No. 2800, U. S. N. M. On both fisli the
copepods were found in the gill cavity and on the inside of the
operculum, rarely more than three or four on the same fish. But
start out
604
they were fairly

specimens.
common and
every haul of the
vol.
xxxm.
fish yielded several
Heller did not find any males and the most persistent
search in the present instance throughout the entire
summer
also
There must be something peculiar

in their habits or in the conditions by which they are surrounded to
account for such a widespread disappearance of the males immedifailed to yield
any
of that sex.
ately after the breeding season.
The
young and such
females, especially the
without' their egg strings, are very lively
of the adults as are
when placed
in an aquarium.
and rival the most pernicious of the Caligus species in crawling up above the surface of the
They also move about over the skin of their host more
water.
rapidly than is usual in a Lepeophtheirus.
They swim about rapidly and
persistently,
LEPEOPHTHEIRUS LONGISPINOSUS,
new
species.
Plate LII.
Types.Cat. No. 32810, U. S. National Museum.

Carapace orbicular, about as wide as long and half the
Frontal plates wide and distinct, their anterior marentire length.
gin nearly straight with a shallow incision at the center, in the bottom
Posterior
of which can be seen the remains of the frontal filament.
sinuses wide and U-shaped, inclined somewhat toward each other.
Median lobe half the entire width and projecting half its length
behind the lateral lobes, with a slightly concave posterior margin.
Thoracic area semicircular, but much less than half the entire length,
owing chiefly to the shortness of the median lobe. Eyes large and
Female.
situated far forward.
Free segment short and less than one-third the width of the genital
segment, ^\^th concave sides and scarcely any thickening through the
bases of the fourth legs.
Genital segment orbicular, with very evenly curved, sides, the posterior lobes short, wide, and blunt, the posterior margin concave.
Abdomen the same width as the free segment, one-jointed, and

about four-sevenths as long as the genital segment. Anal laminse
large and oblong, tipped with three long plumose setse, with two
shorter ones on the outer margin.
Egg strings wider than the abdomen and three-quarters the entire length of the body, each with 25
or 30 eggs.
Second antennae with an unusually long and slender terminal claw,

sharply bent near the tip; the basal joint is armed with a slender
spine two-thirds as long as the terminal claw.
The first maxillae have a swollen circular base on which are two
The tips
papillae armed with spines, the rudiments of the endopod.
nearly
as
long as
and
of these maxillae are slender, slightly curved,
the terminal claw of the second antennae, which
in a
male
of this genus.
is
exceptional even
NEW SPECIES OF CALIGINjE-WILSON.
NO. 1580.
The second
distance from
tle
and
elongate
maxillae are
enlarged, opposite the center of the
little
605
triangular, the base but
mouth
tube,
and some
the entire appendage being somewhat longer than the
The mandibles
lit-
Their tips are slender, straight, ami simple,
it.
are slender with a cm'ved terminal joint,
mouth
tube.
armed with
coarse rounded teeth on the concave margin and fine pointed teetli
on the convex margin, another exceptional featm-e
The mouth tube
is
short, two-thirds as
framework very similar
to that in LepeopJitheirus hippoglossi,
soft flap at the tip of the
fringe of
The
but
upper
hahs around the mouth
fu'st
little
in this genus.
wide as long, with a bony
the
being relatively wider, and the
opening longer and denser.
lip
maxillipeds are long and slender, and the basal joint
swollen; the terminal joint, including the claw,
is
twice
strongly
is
the length of the basal and ends in a single claw which is

curved near its tip. At the base of this claw are two medium sized
spines, one on the inner and the other on the ventral margin.
The
claw itself is branched, giving oft' two small accessory spines on its
outer margin; so far as known this has never before been reported
in this genus.
The second maxillipeds

ture; the basal joint
claw
short and not
is
is
are large
and stout
antl of peculiar struc-
swollen and of normal form, the terminal
much
curved.
From
the base of this claw on
the inner margin arises a stout conical spine, half the length of the
claw and as wide at the base as it is long. The use of this spine is
problematical, since from
its size
terminal claw from closing
and position
down on
it must prevent the

the basal joint in the usual
manner.
The
its
furca
base
is
is
large
tral surface the tips
gin of the
and relatively the longest of an}^ yet described;

but when closed down against the venof its branches reach beyond the posterior mar-
in the usual position,
fh'st legs.
These branches are wide and stout, with spathulate tips, and
they diverge in the shape of a broad V. Each carries a slender,
pointed secondary branch upon its inner margin near the base.
These secondary branches are two-thu*ds as long as the primary ones,
are parallel with each other, and leave the central sinus of a broad
U -shape.
The
basal joints of the first legs are each armed with two spines
the
posterior margin, the outer one wider and longer than the
on
inner.
The second joint carries a short and blunt spine at its distal
anterior corner.
The terminal claws decrease
regularly in size from
in front backwards.
The second
gins.
large
rami of the thuxl

touch on their adjacent mar-
legs are of the ordinary pattern; the
legs are so close together as almost to
Each ramus is two-jointed; the basal spine on the exopod is

and nearly straight. The fourth legs are tlxree-jointed with
606
vol. xxxiii.
four spines, the basal joint slender and one-third longer than the
two terminal joints. The second and third joints are the same
length; the inner terminal claw is slender and two and a half times as
long as the others, equaling the combined length of the second and
The fifth legs are entirely lacking.

The oviducts are rather loosely coiled in the genital segment,
and very small compared with the size of the external egg cases.
The cement glands are short and wide, somewhat club-shaped, and
they reach scarcely beyond the center of the genital segment. Theu-
tliird joints.
constituent cells are thin, while the duct is enlarged and bent abruptly
The semen receptacle is narjust as it leaves the cellular portion.
row, about the same width tliroughout, and curved slightly forwards.
Total length, 3.2 mm.; length of carapace, 1.65 mm.; length of genisegment, 1 mm.; length of abdomen, 0.55 mm.; width of carapace,
1.6 mm.; length of egg strings, 2.15 mm.
Color a uniform hght gray without pigment except in the eyes.
(longispinosus, longus, long and spinosus, armed with spines.)
This species was found on the gills of the Hammer-head shark,
Sphyrna zygse-na. It is chiefly remarkable for the length and slenderness of its spines and maxillae, and also for the form and length of its
Specimens were secured from two sharks taken at different
furca.
times and in different localities. These were all the sharks of this
species that were obtained, and of course are not enough to decide
tal
whether the parasite
Genus
is
common
or not.
PARAPETALUS
New diagnosis. First three thorax segments united with the head
and covered by a rounded and sliield-shaped carapace. Frontal
Fourth segment free, much narplates with lunules as in Caligus.
rower than the genital segment, and without dorsal plates or processes.
Genital segment enlarged nearly to the size of the carapace; its

ventral surface produced on either side into a large membranous wing
which reaches well beyond the lateral margin of the segment and
produced posteriorly
into a broad roimded lobe which reaches nearly to the tip of the abdomen. The genital segment is also produced on its ventral surface
posteriorly into two short flattened lobes lying side by side at the
median Hue between the bases of the wing lobes and under the origin
of the egg tubes.
Abdomen narrow and elongate; its dorsal surface produced on
either side into a wide membranous wing similar to those on the genital segment, but which curls downward at the edges around the egg
First and fourth swimming legs uniramose; second and tliird
strings.
Fused median eye and furca as in Caligus, Anal
pairs biramose.
curls
up
laminae
dorsally at the edge.
medium
size
Each wing
with short
setse,
is
also
NE W SPECIES OF CALIGIN.E WILSON.
NO. 1580.
PARAPETALUS OCCIDENTALIS,
new
607
species.
Plate LTII.
Types.Cat. No. 32808, U.

Female.
Carapace
S.
National Museum.
one-third the entire length, ovate, consider-
ably wider than long, and quite squarely truncated posteriorly.

Frontal plates A\dde and prominent, with a slight incision at the center; lunules medium sized, widely separated, and projecting half
Posterior sinuses broad and shallow, the
their i.iameter.
median
exactly one-third the entire width and not projecting

behind the lateral lobes. The latter are squarely truncated postelobe
aJ^ .ost
riorly
and
slightly curved
inward.
Thoracic area
less
fourth the entire length and semicircular in outline.
than one-
Eyes small
and fused on the mid line.

Fourth (free) segment two-fifths as wide as the carapace, and narrowed anteriorly where it joins the latter. It is entirely without
dorsal plates, processes, or appendages except the fourth legs.
Genital segment orbicular and only live-sixths as long as wide, while it
is
three-quarters the width of the carapace.
membranous
ventral surface into two large

well
beyond the
lateral
It
is
produced on
its
wdngs, wliich project
margin on either side and curl up dorsally
at the edges.
Each wing
its base, where it also prosegment and comes up against the side
of the fourth segment; but it thins rapidly and becomes very delicate
and pliable toward the margins. Each wing, furthermore, is prolonged posteriorly into a well-rounded lobe, which reaches backward
nearly to the posterior end of the abdomen. Between the bases of
these large lobes the genital segment itself is prolonged backward
is
considerably thickened at
jects in front of the genital
into very
much
smaller, flattened lobes, wliich
lie
side
by
side at the
median line under the bases of the egg strings. In young females
the two are entirely separate, but later they often fuse into a single
semicircular and laminate flap or lobe.
The abdomen is half as long again as the genital segment, and its
dorsal surface for the entire length on either side
produced into a
lateral margin of the genital segment and then curls over ventrally around the
egg strings. These two wings also project posteriorly a little beyond
is
membraneous wing which extends out a little beyond the
the tips of the anal laminae.
On
the posterior margin there
for the anus.
medium
size,
short sette of
is ({uite
a deep incision at the middle
The anal lamana^ stand close to this incision, are of

somewhat enlarged at the tip, and terminate in four
about the same length.
The egg strings are wide, a little longer than the coml)ined genital
segment and abdomen, and each contains 60 or 70 eggs.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii07
39
608
vol. xxxiii.
The second antennae have a stout' basal joint with a long and
The mouth tube is about twice as long as
wide, with the mouth opening circular, subterminal (a little more on
The
the ventral side), and surrounded with a fringe of long hairs.
tube is constricted somewhat sharply on either side at about the cenThe details of the bony framework supporting the lower lip are
ter.
shown in Fig. 58, and of course differ from those shown in other genera
slender terminal hook.
of the Caliginse.
There are first at the base a pair of long and wide bones (a) flattened dorso-ventrally, Ijdng side by side along the mid line.
At their proximal ends these bones articulate with the ventral
surface of the carapace, at their distal ends with two other pairs of
bones {h) much smaller and cylindrical, also lying along the median
The distal ends of this last pair articulate with the curved
line.
bones {c) surrounding the mouth. Outside the first pair are two
irregular bones {d) on either side along the lateral margin; outside
the second pair a single triangular bone {e) on either side, its broad
base articulating with the distal ends of the first median pair and the
apex joining the bony framework

ends of the second median pair.
Still outside of these triangular bones and along the lateral margin
of the distal portion of the lip is a long bone curved outward quite
strongly (f
The proximal end of this bone articulates with the outer
proximal angle of the triangular bone just at the constriction in the
lateral margin of the lip.
Its distal end is bifid, the two branches
joining the sides of the bony circle around the mouth.
The entire bony framework of the lip is thus definitely jointed along
a line joining the constrictions in the lateral margins of the lip.
This
jointing constitutes the most essential difference between the structure
of the tube in the present genus and that in Caligus and Lepeoplitlidrus.
The mandibles inclosed within the tube are similar to those in the
two genera named. They are curved in toward each other at their
tips, with coarse teeth along the inside of the curve and fuier ones
marginal bones outside of them,
around the mouth close to the
its
distal
along the outside.
The
first
maxillaB are close to the tips of the second antennae; they
are rather small, with swollen bases
and naiTow, elongate, and blunt

The second maxillae lie close to the mouth tube; they are
simple and triangular, with broad bases and short, stout tips, slighth^
tips.
curved.
From the ventral surface of the base arises a stout papilla^
representing the endopod and tipped with two setae.
The outer of
these is tliree times the length of the inner one and is jointed once
near
its
The
base.
maxillipeds are like those usually found in the Cahginae

the second pair have a large and stout basal joint furnished with powfirst
erful muscles and a long, slender, and strongly curved terminal claw.
There are upon the inner surface of the basal joint a pair of stout
NEW SPECIES OF CALIO IN.E WILSON.
NO. 15S0.
609
chitin knobs, one on either side of the mid line, and the tip of the terminal claw shuts in between these when it is closed. Between the
bases of these second maxillipeds and the first pair of swimming legs
is the furca.
Its branches are broadly U-shaped, its base the shape
of an ox yoke extending transversely across the median line.
The base of the U is connected with the center of the yoke by a
narrow stem or
petiole.
The first swimming legs are of the usual pattern with a stout blunt
spine on the posterior margin of the basal joint; the plumose setaj on
the terminal joint are short and weak.
In the second legs the basal joint of the endopod is very broad and
overlaps the exopod considerably, while the spines on the exopod are
The rami of the third legs are close together
also large and curved.
and stand out prominently; the claw at the base of the exopod is very
large and stout and strongly curved.
The fourth legs are four-jointed with five spines; the basal joint is
stout and as long as the other three; the spines are all of the same
length, except the inner terminal one, which
is
half as long again as
the others.
The
digestive canal
is
similar to that in the other genera of this
family, but the reproductive organs present
The
marked
differences.
glands are comparatively large and of the usual club-shape,

the distal three-fifths twice the diameter of the basal two-fifths; but
the lumen of the glands shows no signs of a division into cells; on the
contrary, it is milky white in color, rather opa(}ue, and homogeneous
throughout.
shell
The semen receptacles and the arrangement for the reception of the
spermatophores are also peculiar, as can be seen in fig. 67.
The semen receptacles
are situated at the bases of the median lobes

segment. Each is much enlarged into a flask shape at
its inner end next to the median line, the posterior margins of the flasks
being connected across the mid line by a narrow tube. Each flasks
also sends out posteriorly into the lobe of the genital segment a wide,
nipple-shaped process.
of the genital
From the tip of the nipple a slender, thread-like tube runs back to
the posterior margin of the lobe.
The spermatophores are fastened
to the posterior ends of the lobes, and their contents are discharged
through these tubes into the semen receptacles.
mm.; length of carapace, 2 mm. width of carapace,
mm.; length of genital segment, 1. 5 mm.; length of abdomen, 2
mm.; width of ventral plates on genital segment, 3 mm.; length of
Total length, 6
2.3
egg strings, 5 mm.

Color a milky white, the plates on the genital segment and the lateral wings of the abdomen showing mottled by transmitted light,
due to opacpie spots in the inner tissues egg strings showing spots
of reddish purple when approaching maturity.
;
610
{occidentalism
vol. xxxiii.
belonging to the Occident or Western Hemisphere,
the only other species being from the Indian Ocean and bearing the
name P.
orientalis.)
Nauplius. Body an elongated

wide, with evenly rounded ends.
more than twice as long as

Pigment a beautiful reddish pur-
ellipse,
eye spot at the anterior end, a

along either side halfway between the margin and the
ple, distributed in a large irregular
narrow
mid
line
line,
and a row
of irregular spots across
the posterior end.
Balancers long and of the usual spathulate form, the cylindrical base
being fully two-fifths of the entire length.
Total length, 0.4 mm.; width of body, 0.16 mm.
This new species was found upon the inside of the operculum of
the cobia, Rachycentron canadus Linnaeus.
They seem to prefer the
dorsal angle, four or five individuals being found there on either
side, huddled close together.
In addition to the types recorded
above, a second lot, Cat. No. 32809, U. S. N. M., was obtained from
the gill cavity of the same fish.
On being removed and placed in water they are found to be quite
active, swimming about freely, though not with the rapidity of
They have a very marked propensity
Caligus or LepeojMieirus.
for coming to the surface of the water and lying there for hours at a
time.
They seem to hold themselves in position by getting a little
air under the edges of the membranous wings and thus buoying
themselves up. These wings are so thin and pliable, however, that
they are constantly getting wrinkled and snarled up; and if left
for any time in an aquarium the chances are that the wings will
require considerable straightening before preservation.
Tins is the first species that has been obtained since Steenstrup
and Llitken founded the genus in 1861. They did not succeed in
finding any males, and a most careful search for them in the present
instance was also without success.
There are now two clearly defined species of this genus, each of
which is represented by females only.
Heller (1865) and Bassett-Smith (1899) noted the genus, but the
account which each of them gives is evidently taken directly from
the original description without the examination of any specimens.
The discovery of a second species would ordinarily modify the
original genus diagnosis somewhat, but in the present instance it
makes such radical changes that only a little of the original is left.
Steenstrup and Liitken evidently had a limited supply of specimens, all of which had been preserved in the East Indies and sent
home.
They therefore content themselves with a genus diagnosis of two
lines and a half, and a species description of only ten lines in length.
Their diagnosis simply states that this genus differs from Caligus
NO. 1580.
and
NEW SPECIES
OF CALIOINjE WILSON.
611
near relatives in having the genital segment ''girded with a

wing and the tail (really the abdomen) furnished with
two elongate, retro vert wings which are in the form of a half moon."
Heller records the finding of the parasite on a new host in the
Indian Ocean, but makes not attempt at a description.
Basset t-Smith, the most recent authorit}^, gives the following
genus diagnosis, })resinnably made u}) from Steenstrup and Liitken's
its
nienibraiioiis
text and figures:

Frontal border with lunulae. First and fourth pairs
limbs uniramose, second and third biramose. Genital segment of large
size, covered over by two dorsal plates; also with two elongated flattened processes
projecting backwards from the posterior l)order and origin of abdominal portion,
which latter is Inarticulate, terminating in two small caudal plates. (1899, p. 445.)
Carapac(> rounded, scutiform.
of thoracic
There are at
is,
least five serious errors in this diagnosis,
some equally
The genital segment
besides
l:)rief
as it
serious omissions.
is not "covered over"

by anything; its
uncovered except at the posterior end where the
abdominal wings overlap it somewhat. Furthermore the covering
of its ventral surface cannot be called "plates;" they are rather
membranous wings like those on the abtlomen, as Steenstrup and
Liitken call them. The most noticeable thing about them is that
they are turned up dorsally at the edges in a perfect saucer shape,
the genital segment lying in the bottom of the saucer.
Nothing is
said of this by any of the previous authors.
Again the "elongated flattened processes projecting backwards"
are a part of the ventral wings and not a portion of the segment
itself, as can be plainly seen in Steenstrup and Liitken's figure as
well as in those here given.
Their size, their shape, and above all
their attachment prove this beyond a doubt.
The genital segment of the present species does have two flattened processes, but they are very short instead of elongate, ventral
instead of dorsal, and they are not mentioned at all by Steenstrup
and Liitken. In their preserved material, however, these tiny processes could have been easily overlooked.
Another error is in the statement that the abdomen is "biarticulate."
Steenstrup and Liitken neither in their figures nor in their
text give it as such; but they make no definite statement with reference to it. In their figure, however, as in the present species it is
dorsal surface
is
certainly one-jointed.
And, lastly, Bassett-Smith's diagnosis neglects to notice the large

wings on either side of the abdomen, which are one of the chief characteristics of the genus.
Steenstrup and Liitken speak in their species description of the

wings on the genital segment as "a thin marginal border, considerably widened posteriorly." This, taken in connection with the fact
612
that their figure
vol.
xxxm.
not shaded so as to show the relative positions of
is
the two pairs of wings, and that they make no definite statement in
this respect, leaves it not only possible but even probable that the
arrangement in their species was just like that in the present one.
species are transparent enough to show most of the details
right through the wings.
And if their figure be compared with the one here presented it
will be seen that a little shading would make the two identical as
The absence of such shading made
regards this wing arrangement.
Both
possible the errors in Bassett-Smith's diagnosis.
ABASIA, new genus.

Genus diagnosis.
first
Body elongate, with
regions distinctly marked;
three thorax segments united with the head
and covered by a
deeply notched on either side anteriorly, the portion between the notches being produced into a sort
Fronof broad rostrum one-third as long as the rest of the carapace.
This latter
rounded carapace.
is
tal plates borne on the anterior end of this rostrum, distinct, and
without lunules. Sides of the carapace folded over ventrally, as in
Lernanthropus. Cephalic and thoracic portions more strongly arched
and much thicker than the lateral areas. Fourth segment as in
Genital segment elongate
Caligus, small and without dorsal plates.
acorn-shaped, nearly as large as the carapace, and without lobes or
appendages. Abdomen two-jointed, the first joint many times larger
than the second; anal laminae minute. Second antennae in the
female and second maxillae in both sexes ruidmentary; first maxillae
and furca entirely wanting. Thoracic legs as in Caligus. Eggs com-
paratively large.
Type of genus. Abasia pseudorostris.

{Ahasia, from Abas, the son of Metanira, changed
lizard because he mocked the goddess.)
ABASIA PSEUDOROSTRIS, new

Plate
TypeQ At.
Female.
LIV and
No. 32811 U.
Plate LVI,
S.
Carapace orbicular,
fig.
by Ceres
into a
species.
100.
National Museum.
than one-third the entire length
less
on either side close to the anterior

mid line, included between these
broad rostrum, one-third the entire width of the
as wide as long; deeply notched
margin.
The portion on
notches, forms a
the
Froncarapace, and projecting considerably in front of the latter.

only
as
tal plates distinct, but short and narrow, the two together
center
the
wide as the rostrum. Frontal margin deeply notched at
and showing at the base

ment; no lunules.
of this
notch the remains
of a frontal fila-
NEW SPECIES
NO. 1580.
OF CALIGIN.l^WILSON.
613
Central portion of the carapace, including the cephalic and thoand raised considerably above the lat-
racic areas, strongly arched

eral areas.
To
increase this difference the sides of the carapace are
folded over ventrally around the appendages as in Lernanfhropus.

Posterior sinuses broadly triangular and shallow; median lobe only
one-third the entire width and not projecting behind the lateral
Thoracic area the smallest yet observed in any of the Caligonly one-third the width and one-fourth the length of the caraFree segment short and
pace; cephalic area correspondingly large.
less than one-third the width of the carapace, without plates or
lobes.
inse,
processes.
Genital segment the shape of an elongated acorn, not quite as

wdde as the carapace but longer, thus making its area about the
same. Its sides are evenly .curved and its posterior margin is
squarely truncated without lobes or processes.
The abdomen is seven-eighths as long as the genital segment and
twô-jointed.
The basal joint is elliptical, two-thirds as wide as the
genital segment, and more than four times as long as the terminal
joint, with evenly-curved sides.
The terminal joint is less than half
the width of the l)asal, and carries a pair of small and widely separated anal laminiB, each tipped with four short setiv.
The egg
strings are the same wddth as the terminal abdomen joint and twothirds as long as the entire body; eggs comparatively large, 40 to 50
in each string.
The first antennae are twô-jointed like those in Caligus and relatively as large, but the second pair are rudimentary.
They are
situated at the base of the rostrum, are three-jointed, the last joint
terminated by a minute claw and the whole appendage is only half
the size of the terminal jomt of the first antennae.
The fu'st maxilla? and furca are entirely lacking; the second maxillee are reduced to mere points and are situated close to the sides
of the mouth tube at its base.
They are so small as to be easily
,
overlooked.
The mouth tube
is
short and wîde, w-ith a framewôrk similar to
The mouth opening is terminal

and surrounded by a fringe of long hairs. The mandibles are
inclosed in the mouth tube and are of the same general shape as in
that in Lepeophtheirus hippoglossi.
the other Caliginse, with teeth along both margins.
The
first
maxillipeds are comparatively large and stout, and are
situated far forward, their bases anterior to the center of the
mouth
tube and close to it. In fact, they occupy nearly the position usually taken by the second maxilla?.
(See fig. 74.)
The two joints are about the same length, the terminal one ending
in
two claws,
the outer.
of
which the inner
is
more than twice the length
of
614
vol. xxxiii.
The second maxillipeds are niucli enlarged,*^ the terminal claw

about the same length as the basal joint and strongly curved near
the tip, with a minute accessory seta on the ventral surface near
the base. Both joints are very strong and plentifully supplied with
powerful muscles.
The swimming legs are similar to those in Caligus, but much
size.
The first pair have a comparatively small basal
reduced
joint carrying one large spine on its posterior border; the middle
joint is of the same size as the basal with a small spine at its ante-
rior distal corner; the terminal joint
is
only two-thirds as large and
tipped with the usual three claws and the long spine at the inner
distal corner, but there are no plumose setse on the posterior margin
of this joint.
The second
legs are of the usual pattern,
with large and prominent
The apron of the third legs is so reduced as to

be smaller than the second pair. Hence in a ventral view the third legs
do not project behind the second but are covered by the latter. Their
spines on the exopod.
rami are so close together that the}^ overlap; the exopod is thi"eejointedwith a relatively large basal spine, but with very few plumose
setae; the endopod is two-jointed, each joint with a single plumose seta.
The fourth legs are three-jointed, with four spines; the basal joint
about as long as the other two; the inner terminal spine one-half
longer than the other three, which are about equal. The fifth
The reproductive organs
legs are entirely wanting in this species.
and muscalature are similar to those in Caligus. The oviducts are
coiled somewhat differently in the genital segment, as can be seen in
fig. 80.
The cement glands are rather large and extend well up
toward the anterior margin of the segment. The cellular portion is
somewhat club-shaped, wdth twelve to fifteen cells; the duct is
enlarged into a sort of reservoir at its base where it leaves the cellular
portion, and also bent outward, terminating very close to the base of
the egg tubes. The semen receptacle is peculiar in that it is enlarged
at either end instead of at the center.
There is also apparently a large accessory lobe connected with the
enlargement at either end, a condition which has not been reported
for any other genus.
Total length, 5.22 mm.; length of carapace, 1.67 mm.; length of
mm.; length of abdomen, 1.6 mm.; width of
carapace, 1.67 mm.; length of egg strings, 3.55 mm.
Color, a transparent cartilage groundwork beautifully penciled on
the dorsal surface and the appendages with dichotomously-branched
Pigment most conspicuous in the thoracic area, the
lines of wine-red.
genital segment,
a In Plate
appendages.
LIV
and
at the posterior
end
of the
abdomen.
these maxillipeds are magnified only half as
much
as the other
NO.
NE W SPECIES OF
ir,80.
CA LIGIN.E- WILSON.
615
Male. Carapace orbicular as in the female, but slightly longer than

wide and fully three-fifths the entire length. Rostrum and carapace
areas as in the female.
Free segment short, five-ninths as wide as
the genital segment; the latter elliptical, a little longer than wide,
with evenly rounded sides; fifth legs not visible dorsally.
Abdomen only two-thirds the length of the genital segment, the
same width as the free segment and two-jointed. But the joints are
not as distinct as in the female and the basal one is only one-fourth
The anal lamina? are large, widely separated,
as long as the terminal.
and each is armed with two long plumose sette and three short spines.
Appendages as in the female, except that all, and particularly the
swimming
ference
legs, are larger
lies in
and better developed.
But the
chief dif-
the second antenna\; in the female these were degen-
erated to mere stumps, entirely useless.
But
in the
male we find a
pair of large and strong organs tipped with powerful pinchers, and
evidently used for clasping organs. They are not only nondegenerate,
but are actually better developed than in the males of other genera.
They are three-jointed, the basal and second joints about the same
size, the latter with a sharp projection on the inner margin at the
distal end which forms a chela with the small and strongly curved
end claw.
Reproductive organs as in Caligus, the testes rather small and
situated far back, just in front of the groove separating the cephalic
and thoracic areas. The vas deferens can be easily followed back
to the semen receptacles which fill nearly the whole of the genital
segment on either
side of the intestine.
Inside the receptacles can be seen the large spermatophores, with

their short coiled tul)es
through which the contents are emptied into
the semen receptacles of the female after the spermatophores have
been fastened to the outside of the fenuile's genital segment during

coition.
Total length, 2.34

carapace, 1.3
mm.; length
mm.; length
of carapace,
of
1.4
mm.;
length of
abdomen, 0.36 mm.; width
of
mm.
Color as in the female, the reddish pigment rather more prominent.
Nauplins. Body wide, spindle shaped, the frontal margin broad

and l)ut slightly curved with prominent lateral angles. Posterior end
narrowed considerably more than the anterior, but with ])rominent
Eye spot large and projecting
angles at the bases of the balancers.
from the anterior nuirgin, deep wine-red in color.
(Fig. 100.)
Pigment rust-colored with the red ]irominent, arranged in a narrow line parallel with either side of the b(Kly close to the margin,
and extending from the balancers almost to the eye spot.
The outer margins of these lines are (|uite regular, but the inner
margins are broken and ragged. Each line is enlarged at the anterior
616
end, while at the base of the balancers
it
vol. xxxni.
forms a well-defined and
quite regular ring just inside the margin.
The posterior half of the body inside of the pigment lines is filled
with semiopaque yolk granules of a pale yellow color.
The balancers are one-fourth the length of the body, slightly
curved outward, cylindrical at the base, with a flattened spathulate
tip.
mm.; width of body, 0.23 mm.

The colors of this nauplius blend finely and make it one of the
most beautiful yet seen.
{pseudorostris pseudo, false and rostrum.)
This new genus was obtained from the mouth of the lizard fish,
Synodus fatens Linnaeus. The frontal plate, rostrum, and anterior
Total length, 0.4
portion of the carapace were buried just beneath the sldn of the roof
of the mouth, while the large second maxillipeds were sunk through
This method of fasteningthe skin and into the underlying tissue.

is significant, taken in connection with the fact that the sides of the
carapace are folded over ventrally as in LernaifUliropu8,Qi\d the apron
is so much reduced that it can not fill the gap at the
posterior end of the carapace and thus function as a sucker.
It means that we have here a genus undoubtedly belonging to
of the third legs
the Caliginse, but one which has so far degenerated as to have given
up those structures which in the other genera function as organs of
The lunules on the frontal plates, the thin pliable margin

adhesion.
around the carapace, and the large apron of the third legs have all
disappeared. And what is still more remarkable, in view of these
facts, the second antennae, wliich play such an important part in
the other genera as grasping organs, have practically disappeared
And the creature is thus throwii back upon the secin the female.
ond maxillipeds alone for retaining its position upon its host. This
is a condition obtaining only in the lower families of parasites, and
furnishes an excellent example of a reversal of ordinary development. In many of the specific problems of development which
have been so admirably worked out by various scientists, we find
prophecies of future advancement. Old organs take new forms, new
organs appear, or there is a difiêrent arrangement of the various
parts of the body which amounts to very little in the creature under
immediate consideration, but which in subsequent development, or
in other and higher animals that appear later, becomes an important
and essential character. Feathers did not mean very much to the
flying lizards upon whose tails they first appeared, but they play
an important part in the life of an ordinary bird. So here in degeneration or the reversal of development we find similar prophecies
of future disappearance and loss.
The habits of the genus are very difi'erent from those of the rest of
the CaliginiB, as would be expected from its structure.
NEW SPECIES
NO. 1580.
OF CALIO IN.E WILSON.
617
The female can not swim, nor does she move about ordinarily on the
body of the host, but remains fixed in one place.
The male, on the other hand, can swim a little and contrives to wrig;gie about over the fish's skin by a sort of jump-aiid-catch method,
using the second maxillipeds and swimming legs.
Both sexes, when placed in an aquarium, lie most of the time upon
their backs, with the swimming legs vibrating rapidly lâck and forth
But in the present
like the abdominal appendages of the Phyllopods.
instance this is probably not a respiratory movement, for even the
adults show distinctly the set of muscles used for cloacal respiration,
The females have also the habit
as already described in other genera.
of raising the carapace or
bending
it
to
one side
till it
stands nearly at
right angles to the rest of the body, the flexure taking place between
the carapace and the genital segment.
So constantly
body
is
this practiced
There is
and unfolding of the sides of the carapace,
from Lemanihropus in which the carapace sides seem
that
it is difficult
also
more
to get one killed with the
straight.
or less folding
very different
incapable of
much voluntary
motion.
TUXOPHORUS, new
genus.
Genus diagnosis. First three thorax segments united with the

head and covered by a shield-shaped carapace. Frontal plates prominent and furnished with lunules as in Caligus. Eyes small with prominent lenses. Second antenme small and weak. Second maxillfe
articulate at the base, the rudimentary endopod borne on the basal joint.
Th^ other mouth parts and the mouth tube as in Caligus. Furca compound, its terminal branches ])ifid. Swimming legs as in Caligus.
Free segment short and wide, covered by two dorsal plates, which
overlap the genital segment and project outward over the bases of the
fourth legs. Genital segment enlargetl, without plates or processes.
Abdomen narrow, one-jointed; anal laminte large and well armed
wdth seta?. Egg tubes wider than the abdomen and nearl}^ as long
Eggs and development as in Caligus.
as the entire body.
Tuxopliorus callgodes.
Type of genus.
(tuxophorus, TTTV^, a plate and (f>opeoj to bear.)
TUXOPHORUS CALIGODES,
Plate
LV
and Plate LVI,
Types. Cat. No. 32805, U.

Female.
S.
new
ligs.
species.
93-99.
National Museum.
Carapace ovate, narrowed but
little
anteriorly, as wide as
Frontal plates prominent and

furnished v,'ith large hemispherical lunules similar to those on Caligus.
These lunules are widely separated and project hardly at all from the
Posterior sinuses narrow and shallow; median lobe
anterior margin.
a little less than half the entire width, projecting only a trifle beyond
the lateral lobes and quite squarely truncated posteriorly with promilong,
and about half the entire length.
618
vol. xxxiii.
nent corners. Lateral lobes broad and curved inward at the tips.
Thoracic area in the shape of a spherical triangle about half the entire
length of the carapace, with a blunt rounded point at the median line
anteriorly.
Eyes small with prominent lenses, situated about onethird the distance from the anterior margin.
Free segment short and relatively wide, covered by a pair of broad
wings which extend outward to a level with the lateral margins of
the genital segment and backward for some distance over the base
of the latter.
Their anterior margins are straight and inclined
slightly backward, while the posterior margins are strongly curved
and do not meet at the midline, leaving a space between them twothirds of their own diameter.
These wings are thus very similar to
those on Alehion and Gloiopotes, except that in the latter the two are
fused on the midline.
Genital segment acorn-shaped, considerably narrowed anteriorly
where it, joins the free segment, with short, wide, and well-rounded
On
lobes at the posterior corners.
are the rudimentary fifth legs,
the ventral surface of these lobes
tips project a little beyond the

posterior'margins of the lobes, so as to be visible in dorsal view.
whose
Abdomen at its base one-fourth the width of the genital segment;

tapering toward the tip; one-jointed. Anal laminae long, narrow,
and well-rounded at the ends, each carrying three long terminal
and two small spines on the outer margin. Egg tubes wider
than the base of the abdomen, three-fourths as long as the body, each
setae
containing about 50 eggs.
Of the appendages the
first
joint longer than the terminal,

setae
and
spines.
The
antenna? are two-jointed, the basal
and both joints heavily armed with
lunules are huge, semicircular, projecting well
and reaching back nearly to the

groove between the frontal plates and the carapace. The second
antennae are rather small and weak, with a slender but strongly
curved terminal claw. This claw carries on its inner margin near the
base two accessory spines close together and borne on small basal
in front of the bases of the antenna,
papillae.
The basal
outer corner.
joint carries a broad laminate spine
The
first
on
its
maxillae are comparatively large
posterior
and pushed
forward until their base is actually in front of that of the second

The whole maxilla is wide and stout and is curved strongly,
antennae.
It is as large as the terminal claw of the
especially near the tip.
second antennje and bears on its ventral surface near the center two
small knobs or papilla?, one on either side.
The second maxillae are also much larger than in Caligus and
They are simple like those of the former, broad,
Le/peoylitheirus.
stout, and curved away from each other, with blunt ends and a small
flange
on the convex margin.
Each
is
jointed to the ventral surface
NEW SPECIES
NO. 1580.
OF CALK ilN.E WILSON.
619
about opposite the tip of the mouth tube, so as to be freely movable,

which is not the case in the genera just named. Moreover, the large
papilla tipped with two spines and representing the rudimentary
endopod, is in this case borne, not on the base of the exopod, but
on the ventral surface of the carapace anterior to the joint. We have
in these maxilla^, therefore, a basal joint fused to the surface of the
carapace upon which is borne a freely movable exopod, the maxilla

itself, and a rudimentary endopod much larger than usual.
The mouth tube is similar to that found in Caligus. As will be
seen from fig. 83 the bony framework is more nearly like that of
Lepeophtheirus Mppoglossi than of any other species yet descrilied,
while the mouth opening itself is like that in Caligus rapax. There
are rods running along either side of the mouth tube, with their
proximal ends turned downward and outward toward the ventral
surface just as in L. hippoglossi."^ To these are attached near the
base of the tube a pair of short rods arranged like the sides of the
letter V, with the point turned toward the tip of the tube instead
of toward the base as in C. rapax.
Between the tips of these lateral
rods in the lower lip is a series of small transverse rods similar to
And the upper lip also ends in a soft flap like that
those in C. curtus.
in C. curtus and L. edwardsi, but not of the same shape.
Inside the mouth tube may be seen the mandibles, which are narrow, curved strongly at the tip, and toothed along the concave margm.
The first maxillipeds are of the usual pattern, the two joints about
the same length, the inner terminal claw twice the length of the outer,
and both claws well curved.
The second maxillipeds are comparatively weak, smaller, or at least no larger, than the second antennae, with a terminal claw little more than half the length of the basal
joint.
This claw is not much curved and carries a slender accessory
seta on the inside near its base.
The furca
its
peculiar in two respects
is
fallax) in
which the furca
is
species of Lepeophtheirus in
glossi, rohustus,
and
the furca
itself is
Kroyer reports a species
branches are bifurcate.
double and
of Caligus (C.
double, while there are at least three
which the branches are
bifid {L.
Mppo-
hifurcatus).
The present species, so far as known, is the first to show a combination of the two. But it does not show two complete furcae, as
Kroyer
figures for C. fallax, neither
is the division of the branches

Lepeophtheirus species named. The
median sinus of this furca is broadly U-shaped each branch is divided
for about half its length, the inner branchlets parallel and forming
anything
like that of the three
Both
same diameter throughout, and
the sides of the U, the outer one turned almost at a right angle.
pairs of branchlets are broad, of the
with bluntly rounded ends.

aProc. U.
S.
On
either side of the base of the furca
Nat. Mus.,
XXVIII,
p. 500,
lig.
6a.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIOXAL MUSEUM.
620
vol.
xxxm.
another pair of branches are given off at right angles to the median
axis.
These are the same size and shape as the branchlets at the tip.
The
on
first legs
its
ner,
are three-jointed, ihe basal joint carrying a small spine
posterior border, a
much
larger one at the anterior distal cor-
and a broad spathiilate spine
The terminal
at the distal end.
in the middle of the ventral surface
joint has three short
and stout
ter-
minal claws and the usual plumose setse on its posterior border.
The second legs are like those of Caligus, the spines on the exopod
being rather stout. The rami of the third legs are so close together
that they almost touch, the exopod three-jointed, the endopod twojointed.
There is the usual large spine at the base of the exopod, a
very small one at the outer distal corner of the second joint and three
along the outer border of the terminal joint.
The fourth legs are four-jointed with five spines, the inner terminal
one somewhat longer than the others, which are all about the same
size.
The basal joint is stout and longer than the other three, which
are rather slender.
Both the
fifth
and sixth
legs are visible at the posterior
the genital segment, the former on the vental surface a

of the posterior end, the latter dorsal to
margin
little in
of
front
them, but farther back at
the extreme tips of the posterior lobes.
The reproductive organs and muscular system are similar to those

The ovaries are paired and situated over the oesophageal
portion of the digestive tract. The oviduct leads back to the genin Caligus.
ital
segment, where
Caligidse,
but the
it is
coils
coiled similarly to the condition in all the
are shorter than
is
usual in Caligus and
Lepeophtheirus.
In the young females obtained from the pilot
and
coiling of these oviducts
is
peculiar (see
fig.
fish the
condition
91).
In the posterior portion of the fourth or free segment the oviducts

more abruptly and to a greater diameter than is usual in the
Caligidae.
In fact, on entering the genital segment the two oviducts
They
fill nearl}^ its entire diameter for the anterior third of its length.
then narrow considerably, so that in the posterior half of the segment
These oviducts are filled
there is room for three coils on either side.
for their entire length with a black granular and homogeneous mass
which is wholly opaque. Anteriorly the mass is divided into short
and wiile segments, corresponding to the future eggs, while posteriorly,
where the oviducts are much narrower, the segments at the sametime
Their cubical contents are thus approximately
increase in length.
enlarge
The cement glands are

the same throughout the entire oviducts.
white in color, situated far forward in the genital segment, and quite
strongly curved parallel with the margin of the segment, thus giving
them the shape of ordinary parentheses marks. The glands themselves are wide, and the ducts leading from them are considerably
NEW SPECIES
ô.ibiô.
OF CALiaiN.E WILSON.
621
enlarged just before their entrance into the oviduct. Both glands
and ducts are surrounded by a thick envelope which reaches forward
nearly to the anterior margin of the genital segment and which covers
a large portion of the oviduct
The gland
cells
coils.
are wide and extend well back toward the posterior
end, leaving a comparatively short and wide duct.

In some of the
young females the grooves separating the cells are invisible in the
livmg animal, and the entire duct and gland have a uniform white
color.
The semen
receptacle
segment and
genital
is
at the extreme posterior margin of the
of the usual spindle shape.
Total length, 5.67 mm.; length of carapace, 2.67 mm.; length of

segment, 1.8 mm.; length of abdomen, 1 mm.; width of
carapace, 2.65 mm. length of egg strings, 4.33 mm.
Color a light gray, spotted on the dorsal surface along the ridges
and grooves with a rich red-brown pigment. In young females the
genital
color
that of transparent cartilage, sprinkled over the entire dorsal

and on the ventral surface around the bases of the appendwith profusely branched blotches of a pale indigo blue.
is
surface,
ages
Sparsely scattered amongst these on both surfaces are smaller and

less-branched spots of rose purple, the whole appearing, however, a
uniform gray
(caligodes,
to the
caligus,
naked eye.
and the ending eiSog denoting
likeness
or
similarity.)
Male.
Carapace elliptical, slightly longer than wide, and not much
narrowed anteriorly. Frontal plates prominent, but narrow; lunules
as large as in the female and widely separated; front border emarginate.
median
Posterior sinuses shallow, U-shaped, their sides parallel to the

axis; the median lobe not projecting and with sharp posterior
corners.
Thoracic area relatively smaller than in the female and nearly

semicircular.
Free segment short, but with rudimentary wings covering the bases
which make it wider than the genital segment.
Genital segment ovate, with a concave posterior border and showing both the fifth and sixth legs plainly in dorsal view, the former on
the lateral margins one-third the distance from the posterior end,
of the fourth legs,
the latter at the tips of the posterior lobes.
Abdomen less than half the width of the genital segment, but considerably longer; anal lamina? large, almost as long as the abdomen
proper and each tipped with three long plumose setae and carrying a
smaller one on the outer margin.
Appendages as in the female, the only differences of note being

the second antennae and second maxillipeds.
The former are much
enlarged with a swollen basal joint, a
still
larger second joint,
and a
622
vol. xxxiii.
short but stout terminal claw bent into a half circle. The distal end
of the basal joint and the whole ventral surface of the second joint
are covered with a corrugated network of chitin ridges.
At the
end of the corrugation on the second joint a wide triangular

downward on either side from the ventral surface and
curves over toward its fellow on the opposite side until their tips
almost meet. This is evidently the clasping organ used during the
breeding season. The second maxillipeds are also somewhat larger
and stouter than in the female.
The fifth and sixth legs are as plainly differentiated as in Homoiotes
palliata (fig. 96).
The former are large papillae on the sides of the
genital segment extending on the ventral surface well in toward the
mid-line.
The latter include the entire posterior lobes, and their
inner margins extend forward nearly to the center of the genital
segment.
The semen receptacles are of medium size and situated in the
distal
spine extends
bases of the posterior lobes.
The ducts leading
to
them
are excep-
tionally large, in fact, nearly the diameter of the receptacles
and much convoluted, and they

genital segment outside the intestine.
selves,
Total length, 3.6
fill
mm.; length of carapace, 2.16 mm.; length

mm.; length of abdomen, 0.74 mm.; width
carapace, 1.98
them-
the entire cavity of the

of
of
mm.
Color similar to the female, but paler, a light brownish gray to the
naked eye, but showing under magnification the spots of blue and
purple.
Chalimus. Body elongate and spindle-shaped, the entire anterior

margin of the carapace prolonged into a wide, triangular rostrum
which projects in front of the first antennae a distance equal to twothirds of the length of the carapace behind the antennae.
From
the apex of this triangle extends the attachment filament,
wider and stouter than in any chalimus yet examined, and

is wrinkled or corrugated transversely.
The sides of the triangular rostrum are slightly concave and at its
base where it joins the carapace proper there is a deep reentrant
In
angle on either side, out of which project the first antennae.
consequence of the elongate rostrum the eyes appear back of the
But judged
center, three-fifths of the length from the anterior end.
with reference to the first antennte they are in about their usual
which
its
is
surface
position.
The posterior margin of the carapace is slightly concave.

The second and third thorax segments are fused together and considerably narrowed.
The fourth segment is still narrower, and at its
lobes.
which
With
is
may
be seen the rudiments of the future dorsal

it is a little wider than the last segment,
a fusion of the genital segment and abdomen. The future
posterior corners
these lobes
NEW SPECIES
NO. 1580.
separation of these two
is
OF CALIGIN.E WILSON.
indicated
by
623
a shallow constriction on either
This fused segment tapers posteriorly and terminates in a pair

of small anal laminse, nearly twice as witle as they are long.
Each is
armed with five setge, one of which, the second from the inner edge,
The first antennas are twois several times longer than the others.
jointed, the joints of the same size, the terminal one only with setae.
side.
The second antennae are three-jointed, the terminal claw being slender and weak. The mouth parts are practically the same as in the
adult; the terminal joint of the second maxillae
the basal even thus early
by
separated from
and the rudimen-
is
a well defined groove,
tary endopod
is carried on the basal joint.

There are only two pairs of legs present, both biramose, with the
rami one-jointed. The endopod of the first pair is much smaller
than the exopod and destitute of setae; the two rami of the second
pair are the same size, but the endopod carries only a single seta.
Rudiments of the third and fourth legs appear as slight projections
on the ventral surface behind the first and second pairs.
Total length, 0.76

width, 0.3
mm.; length
of carapace,
0.5
min.; greatest
mm.
Color a pale brownish gray, spotted over the entire dorsal surface
with brownish or purple pigment. The spots along the sides of the
digestive tube are fused into two prominent longitudinal lines, which
extend from the eyes nearly to the anus.
This genus was obtained from the outside surface of the common
cobia or crabeater, Rachycentron canadus, and the outside surface of
The former specimens are taken
the shark sucker Echeneis naucrates.
as the types since they include both sexes. The latter specimens are
Cat. No. 32806, U. S. N. M.
Eight specimens of the chalimus were obtained from the fins of a
silver gar, Tylosaurus marinus, and are Cat. No. 32807, U. S. N, M.
The majority of these latter were on the tail fin, but one was taken
from the dorsal fin, another from the anal, and a third from one of
the pectorals.
In each of these specimens the dorsal plates on the
fourth segment were formetl and projected from its lateral margins.
The habits of the genus are quite similar to those of Caligus, with
which the presence of lunules in the frontal plates still further allies it.
But the females are not nearly as lively as those of Caligus and Lepeophtheirus, and swim about very little, preferring to lie quietly at the
surface or near the bottom.
The males, however, are very active and
move about restlessly all the time. Both sexes are hardy and live well
in confinement.
The genus is of peculiar interest in that it forms another connecting
link
between the
The presence
are characters of
Proc. N.
M.
and the Euryphorinae.

and the simple form of the second maxillae
the genus Caligus.
The divided furca and the clear
Caliginae
of lunules
vol. xxxiii
07
40
624
vol. xxxiii.
and sixth legs in both sexes are characters of

The presence of well developed plates on the
dorsal surface of the fourth segment and their rudiments even in the
male, the structure of the second antennae, and the jointing of the second maxillae with the rudimentary endopod on the basal joint are
differentiation of the fifth
the genus Lepeophtheirus.
characters of the Euryphoringe.

If
we classify
any
sessing
this
genus with the Caligina^
it
will
be the only one pos-
of these characters belonging to the Euryphorinie.
other hand,
if
we
classify
it
with the latter subfamily
On
it will
the
stand
equally alone in the possession of lunules and in the structure of the
mouth
tube.
That it really belongs with the Caliginae is clearly indicated when we

come to consider its ontogeny. Both sexes show plainly, even in the
adult, the glands and remains of the frontal filament by which the
chalimus
With
is
fastened during
its
the other characters
the decision, even
if it
transition to the adult form.
somewhat evenly divided
this
would turn
did not possess greater value than they.
We
have here, then, agenusundoubtedly belonging to the Caliginae, as its

development and general makeup clearly indicate, yet possessing sevWhile embraced
eral of the essential characters of the Euryphorinae.
within the first subfamily, therefore, it must be recognized as standing
on the border line between the two. It is another of those instances
which show that even the best efforts of the systematist can not hope
to clearly differentiate all the forms that present themselves for consideration.
In addition to the foregoing new and rediscovered species belonging

to the Caligina?, many others were found.
The simplest method of recording these is to present an alphabetical
list
all
of the fish examined with the parasites found on each.

obtained in the immediate vicinity of Beaufort.
They were
Archosargus probatocephalus Walbaum. The Sheepshead.

An undescribed species of Bomolochus from the walls of the gill
cavit}^, and an undescribed species of Lernanthrojjus from
the gill filaments.

Bairdiella chrysura
Lacepede.
An undescribed
Mademoiselle: Yellow-tail.
species of Ler7iantliropvs
from the
gills.
Goode. The Menhaden.

Rathbun, imbedded in the tiesh, mostly
along the back. Lernanthropus hrevooriun Rathbun, fastened
Anchorella scombri Kroyer, fastened to
to the gill filaments.
Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe)

Lernaeeniciis radiatus
the gill arches.
Le Seur. Dusky Shark.

PiutdaruH cranchii Leach, on the outside skin near the
Carcharias obscurus
Centropristes striatus
Linnûs.
The
lips.
Blackfish.
Caligus hsemulonis Kroyer, on the
vvalls
of the
mouth
cavity.
NO. 1580.
NEW SPECIES
Chilomycterus schcepfi
OF CALIGIN.E WILSON.
Walbaum.
The
625
Swell-toad.
Tucca imp7'essa Kroyer, fastened to the
tins.
The Small Dolphin.
Coryphsena equisetis Linnjeus.
Cah'gus helonex Kr(\yer, on the outside surface, and an

scribed species of Lernceenicus fastened to the
Echeneis naucrates Linnûs.
unde-
fins.
The Shark-sucker.
Tvxoj^hii'Hs caligodcs Wilson, on the outside surface.
Epinephelus morio Cuvier and Valenciennes.
The Red Grouper.
Lepeophtheiru.'< dissiniulatus Wilson, on the outside surface.
The Sea-cat: Gaff Topsail.

LepeopJdhtinis QiionaamtJius Heller, on the walls of the gill cavity
Caligns ruftts Wilson, on the outside skin.
and the mouth.
Caligus hpenndonis Kroyer, on the walls of the mouth cavity.
Felichthys marinus Mitchill.
Fundulus heteroclitus Linnûs.
The Common
Killitish.
Argtdus fnndidi Kroyer, on the outside skin and the

ruJiiiiacidatuK Wilson, on the outside skin.
tins.
Caligus
Gymnosarda pelamys Linnûs. The Bonito.

Calignx hou !to Wilson, on the walls of the mouth and the gill cavity.
Hexanematichthys fells Linnûs. The Sea Catfish.
LepeophtheirKN jnonacanthusHeWev, on the walls of the gill cavity.
Caligus hmmdoiiis Kroyer, on the walls of the mouth.
The Spot or Goodv.

Le Seur, imbedded in the muscles,
Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede.

Lerndeenicus radiatvH
the vicinity of the
usually in
fins.
Menidia menidia Linnûs. The Southern Silversides.

An undescribed species of Bomolochus on the gill filaments.
The White Perch.

undescribed species of Lernanthropus on the gill filaments:
This is the same as that found on the Mademoiselle.
Merone americana Gmelin.
An
Micropogon undulatus Lixnûs.
An
The Croaker.
undescril)ed species of Anehorella on the gill arches.
Mugil cephalus Linnûs. The Common Mullet.

Anehorella li'zse Kroyer, fastened to the gill arches.
BraehieUa
oblonga Delia Valle, fastened to the pectoral fins.

curtus Midler, on the outside surface of the body.
Caligus
An undescribed species of Bomolochus on the gill filaments. An

undescribed species of Lernmenicns fastened to the outside of
the operculum.
Orthopristis chrysopterus
An
Linxûs.
The Hogfish.
undescribed species of Ler7ia7ithropus on the
Paralichthys lethostigmus
Jordan and Gilbert.
gill filaments.
Southern Flounder.
Lepeophtlitirus echvardsi Wilson, on the outside surface.
626
vol. xxxin.
The Big-headed Gurnard.

undescribed species of LernanthropuK. on the gill filaments.
Prionotus tribulatus Cuvier.
An
Le Seur. The Butterfly Ray.

Argulus laticauda Smith, on the outside surface.
Pteroplatea maclura
Rachycentron canadus Linnjeus, The Crab-eater or Cobia.

Parapetcdiis occidentaUs Wilson, on the inside surface of the
Tuxophoi'us caligodes Wilson, on the outside of
operculum.
the body.
Scoliodon terrse novae Richardson.
JVesqjjjifi^
The Sharp-nosed Shark.
alatus Wilson, fastened to the inside of the gill arches.
Pandarus cranchli Leach, on the outside skin and the
tins.
Perissopvs comnmnis Rathbun, on the outside of the body,

especially around the lips.
sis
on the
Seriola lalandi
An
An
undesci'ibed species of
Neme-
gill filaments.
The Amber Jack.
undescribed species of Leriiantliropvs on the
gill filaments.
Sphyrna tiburo Lixnûs. The Shovel-head Shark.

EudacNesipjnis alatus Wilson, on the inside of the gill arches.
An undescribed
tyllna nigra Wilson, on the gill filaments.
species of Bomolockus on the outside skin near the anus.
Sphyrna zygsena Linnûs. The Hammer-head Shark.

Nesippus alatus Wilson, on the inside of the gill arches. Lej'eophtheirus longispinosus Wilson, on the inside of the gill
An undescribed species of Nemesis on the gill
cavit}'.
filaments.
Synodus foetans Linnûs. The Lizard Fish.

Ahasia pseudorostris Wilson, on the walls of the mouth cavity.
Trichiurus lepturus
Linnûs.
The Cutlass
Fish.
Caligas ehelifer^ Wson^ on the outside surface of the body.

giis rapax Milne Edwards, also on the outside surface.
Tylosurus acus Lacepede.
Tvxophoriix
<Yr//r/r><^7(^.v
An undescribed
The Hound
Cali-
Fish.
Wilson, a chalinuis on one of the dorsal
fins.
Lernavthropusonihe gill filaments:

An undethis is the same as that found on the Ga:rfish.
scri)>ed species of Boinoloclim from the gill filaments.
species of
The Garfish or Billfish.

Wilson,
on the outside surface. An undeLepeophthelrus cdwardsi
TnxoLernanthropnx
on the gill filaments.
scribed species of
the
fins.
chalirai
on
Wilson,
several
phorvs caligodes
Tylosurus marinus
Walbaum.
Upeneus maculatus Block. The Red Goatfish.

An undescribed species of Lerndeenicus fastened to the outside of
the operculum and in the muscles along the back.
W SPECIES
A^^
NO. 1580.
OF CA LIGIN. E WILSON.
627
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate
Fig.
first
1,
dorsal
maxilla
furca;
of
view
female;
fig. 4,
same
second maxillipeds
fig. 7,
Caligus hseinulonis Kroyer.
male;
of
view
male;
of
fig. 5,
fig. 3,
second antenna and
mouth and second
maxilla;
fig. 6,
same of male; figs. 9 to 12, first, secgenital segment of female, ventral view;
of female; fig. 8,
swimming
ond, third, and fourth

fig. 14,
XLIX.
of female; fig. 2, dorsal
legs; fig. 13,
genital segment of male, ventral view.
Plate L.
view
Fig. 15, dorsal

to the left is
fig. 18, first
Caligus ntfus,
of female; fig. IC,
an enlarged drawing
maxilliped;
fig.
19,
of
new
species.
second antenna and
the maxilla;
fig. 17,
second maxilliped;
first
maxilla; above and
mouth and second
20 to 23,
figs.
first,
maxillae;
second, third,
and fourth swimming
legs; fig. 24, genital segment of female, ventral view; fig. 25,
carapace of female, enlarged, showing ovaries and musculature: fig. 26, dorsal view of
chalimus; fig. 27, second antenna of same; fig. 28, second maxilliped; figs. 29 to 31,
first,
swimming
legs.
Plate LI. Lepeophtheirus monacanthus Heller.

Fig. 32, dorsal
ond antenna;
to 41,
first,
view
fig.
of female; fig. 33, dorsal
second maxilla;
35,
view
of
very young female; fig. 34, secsecond maxilliped; figs. 38
36, furca; fig. 37,
fig.
swimming legs; fig. 42, genital segment of female'

newly hatched nauplius.
Plate LI I. Lepeophtheirus longispinosus new species.
dorsal view of female; fig. 45, second antenna and first maxilla; fig. 46,
ventral view;
fig.
43,
Fig. 44,
mouth tube;
fig.
47,
second maxilliped;
55, genital segment
second maxilla;
figs.
51 to 54,
fig.
first,
of female, ventral
48, furca;
fig.
mouth tube;
fig.
view
59,
of female;
fig.
second maxilla;
swimming
fig.
50,
legs; fig.
view.
Plate LIII. Parapetalus occidentalis,

Fig. 56, dorsal
49, first maxilliped;
57.
fig.
new
species.
second antenna and
60, furca; fig. 61,
swimming legs;
first
maxilla;
second maxilliped;
fig.
figs.
58,
62
segment of female,
ventral view; fig. 67, posterior lobes of genital segment, enlarged, showing semen
receptacle, ducts, and spermatophores; fig. 68, A'entral view of genital segment and
abdomen of very young female.
Plate LIV. Abasia pseudorostris, new genus and species.
Fig. 70, dorsal view of female; fig. 71, dorsal view of male; fig. 72, rostrum, first
and second antennae of female; fig. 73, same of male; fig. 74, mouth tube, second
maxilla?, and first maxilliped, showing relative position of latter; fig. 75, second maxilliped; figs. 76 to 79, first, second, third, and fourth swimming legs; fig. 80, genital
segment of female, ventral view.
Plate LV. Tnxophonts caUgodes, new genus and species.
Fig. 81, dorsal view of female; fig. 82, second antenna and first maxilla; fig. 83,
mouth tube and second maxillae; fig. 84, piandible; fig. 85, first maxilliped; fig. 86,
furca; figs. 87 to 90, fhst, second, third, and fourth swimming legs; fig. 91, dorsal
view of genital segment and abdomen of very young female; fig. 92, ventral view of
genital segment of adult female.
Plate LVI. Tuxophorus caligodes, continued.
Fig. 93, dorsal view of male; fig. 94, second antenna and first maxilla; fig. 95, second
maxilliped; fig. 96, ventral view of genital segment, enlarged; fig. 97, dorsal view
of chalimus; figs. 98 and 99, first and second swimming legs of same; fig. 100, newly
hatched nauplius of Abasia pseudorostris.
to 65,
first,
fig.
66, genital
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The male and female
of Caligus H/emulgnis.
PL.
XLIX
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The FEMALE OF Caligus
rufus,
new
species.
PL. L
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The female
of Lepeophtheirus monacanthus.
PL. LI
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PrtOCEEDINGS, VOL. XXXIII
The female of Lepeophtheirus
longispinosus,
new
species.
PL.
Lll
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The female of Parapetalus
occidentalis,
new
species.
PL. LIU
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The male and female
of Abasia pseudorostris,
new genus and
PL. LIV
species.
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
The female of Tuxophorus
caligodes,
new genus and
species.
PL.
LV
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PROCEEDINGS, VOL.
The MALE OF TUXOPHORUS
CALIGODES,
NEW GENUS AND
XXXIII
SPECIES.
PL. LVI
A REVIEW OF THE FLAT-HEADS, GURNARDS, AND OTHER

ÎAn.-CHEEKED FISHES OF THE WATERS OF JAPAN.
By David Starr Jordan and Robert Earl Richardson,
Of Stanford
University.
In earlier volumes of these Proceedings the Japanese representatives of certain families of Scleroparei, or Mail-cheeked fishes
(Scorpsenida?,, Hexagrammida?, Cottidse, Agonida?, Liparidas, and Cyclopterida?) have been described b}^ Messrs. Jordan and Snyder and
by jSIessrs. Jordan and Sta'rks. In the present paper the remaining
The specimens examined were
families of this group are consitlered.
and Snyder. Series of these
Jordan
Professors
1900
by
collected in
Museum and in the
National
States
United
the
in
specimens are
,
museum
the
of Stanford University-
work
of
Mr. William
S.
Family
The accompanying
illustrations are
Atkinson.
PLATYCEPHALID^.
THE FLATHEADS.
Head
flattened
less armed with spines and serratures,

body depressed anteriorly, subcylindrical pos-
and more or
scaly posteriorly;
covered closely everywhere with ctenoid scales; lateral line

fins, the first preceded by a short detached spine;
vsntrals I, 5, thoracic, inserted wide apart, and well behind pectorals;
lower rays of pectorals more or less free at tips; no pectoral appendteriorly,
present; two dorsal
and palatines with bands of villiform teeth, some

sometimes enlarged and more or less canme-lilê; tongue
free at tip; no air bladder; pyloric appendages in moderate number.
Japan and the northwest Pacific, and all Indian, Polynesian, and
Australian seas, to the eastern coast of Africa. Species about 40;
genera 4. Tliree genera and 7 species found in the waters of Japan.
They are- abundant market fishes and in coimiion with the larger
ages; jaws, vomer,
of the teeth
Proceedings U.
S.

629
PliOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
680
vol. xxxiii.
species of Calliony7nus, which they resemble in form, color, and habits,

they are known as " Kochi."
KEY TO GENERA.
a.
A stout antrorse spine

ocular
on the lower face
cirri; scales 50; lateral
of the preopercle;
line nearly
margin
of iris entire;
smooth
no
Rogadius 1
without antrorse spine; ocular cirri present and margin of iris fringed
some species; scales 40 to 120.
Head more or less strongly armed with spines and serratures; teeth in villiform
bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines, the vomerine bands separate, paired, and
set lengthwise of the shaft of the bone; scales 40 to 90; lateral line armed or
aa. Preopercle
in
b.
Thysanophrysb2
not
c.
Ocular cirrus wanting
bb.
Head
Insidiator
entirely or nearly smooth;
vomer with small canine-like
teeth, in a cres-
centic band, set at right angles to the shaft of the bone; palatines with a
most prominent row of canine-like

more than 100; lateral line smooth
single
ROGADIUS
1.
Head
teeth; scales very small, usually
Platycephalus ^3
Jordan and Richardson,
new
genus.
rather longer and less depressed than in most species of
and much more so than
Insidiator,
armed with
in Platycephalus, well
spines and small serratures; a stout antrorse spine on the lower face
of the preopercle
and
without
cirri or
lappets; scales moderate, about 50 in lateral line,
which
smooth except
is
A single species is
3 spines at the angle, directed
backward; cornea
anteriorly; teeth as in Tkysanophrys.
found in the seas
of
China and Japan.
Arabian name of Platycephalus indicus.)

Type of genus. Rogadius asper.
(rogad,
I.
ROGADIUS ASPER
(Cuvier and Valenciennes.)
Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 257

(Japan).
Richardson, Ichth. China and Japan, 1846, p. 217 (Canton).
Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Japon., Pise, 1843, p. 40, pi. xvi, figs. 4 and
GtJNTHER, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 190
5 (after Cuvier and Valenciennes)
(China).
Ishikawa, Cat. Fishes, Imp. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 48 (Kagoshima).
Platycephalus macrolepis Nystrom, Svensk, Vet.-Akad Handl., 1887, p. 13,
Platycephalus asper
(?)
IV, No.
Habitat.
a
4, p.
26 (Nagasaki) (not of Bleeker).
Sandy coasts
In addition
of southern
to the single species {R. asper)
Japan and southern China.

found in the waters
phalus pristiger Cuvier and Valenciennes and P. polyodon Bleeker
of
JapC'."'-.
may be
Platyce-
referred to
this genus.
b
In addition
to the
Japanese species, the following
may be
regarded as belonging to
the genus Thysanophrys: scaber Linnseus, neglectus Troschel, detrusus Jordan and Seale,
mcdabaricus Cuvier and Valenciennes, isacanthus Cuvier and Valenciennnes, malaya-
nus Bleeker,
bataviensis Bleeker, rodericensis Cuvier and Valenand Valenciennes, bobossok Bleeker, sundaicus Bleeker,
bosschei Bleeker,
ciennes, borboniensis Cuvier
macracanthus Bleeker, celebicus Bleeker,
The
pristis Peters, cirronasus
may be retained
Richardson,
etc.
genus Platycephalus:
P. fuscus Cuvier and Valenciennes, tasmanius Richardson, Isevigatus Cuvier and
Valenciennes, inops Jenyns, grandispinis Cuvier and Valenciennes, bassensis Cuvier
and Valenciennes, proximus Castelnau, richardsoni Castelnau, castelnaui Macleay,
c
following extra Japanese species
dnereus Gtinther, grandis Castelnau.
in the
FISHES OF JAPAN JORDAN
NO. 1581.
Head
its
2.4 in length
AND RICHARDSON.
without caudal; depth
6.5;
631
depth of head 3 in
length; width of head 1.9; eye 3.6; interorbital space 5 in eye;
maxillary 2.5 in head; nose 3.3; D. I-VII 11; A. 11; scales 54;
first 2 or 3 scales of lateral line with short spines.
Head rough, angular; superorbital and suborbital ridges finely
serrated for their entire length; a stout spine in front of each orbit;
top of head with low spines; opercular, scapular, and humeral spines
sharp; preopercle furnished posteriorly with 3 spines, the upper spine
strong, reaching to the opercular margin; a stout curved spine on the
inferior face of the preoperculum, directed forward opercular mem;
brane under preopercular spines entire; eye without tentacle or cirrose

lappet; jaws with broad bands of villiform teeth; vomerine and palatine bands with many of the teeth sharp and longer than the rest,
canine-like; tongue convex at tip.
Spinous dorsal slightly lower than soft dorsal, the longest spine 2.75
in head; anal inserted under third ray of soft dorsal; pectorals 2 in
head; ventrals 1.75; caudal rounded behind, squarish at upper and
lower corners.
Fig.
1.
RoGADius
asper.
Color in spirits grayish brown, tinged with purplish; back obscurely

banded with dusky; spinous dorsal mottled in the meml^ranes; soft
dorsal with spots on the rays, forming rows; caudal indefinitely cross-
banded and mottled with dusky; upper pectoral rays specked with
dusky; lower half of pectorals blackish with an outer whitish edge;
ventrals pale toward base, blackish outwardly, with a narrow pale
margin; anal pale.
Here described from a single specimen, 5f inches long, taken at

Swatow, China. It was not found by Jordan and Snyder in Japan.
{asper, rough).
2.
THYSANOPHRYS
Ogilby.
Thjsanophrys Ogilby, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. "W., 1898, XXIII, p. 40 (cirronasus).

Jordan and Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXIII, 1900, p. 368
Insidiator
(rudis^meerdervoortii)
Gravimoplites
Fowler, Journ. Ac. Nat.
Head broad and much

ephalus, well
Sci. Phila.,
XII, 1904,
p. 550 (scnber).
depressed, although less so than in Platy-
armed with spines and
serratures; angle of preopercle
FROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MVSEUM.
632
with 2 or 3 spines, the upper of which
is
longest;
vol.
xxxm.
no spine on lower
face of preopercle; teeth in villiform bands on jaws, vomer, and

palatines, the vomerine bands 2, separate, and set lengthwise of the
shaft of the bone; ocular cirri absent or present; scales large or
small, 40 to 90 in the lateral line,
which
is
variously smooth or armed,
partially or for its whole length.
Species numerous, in sandy bays in the East Indian, Chinese, and

seas, five species found in Japan.
This genus was origi-
Japanese
from Platycephalus by the minor character of

We are unable to separate from Thysanophrys
the subgenera Insidiator, based on the large scales, and Grammoplites based on the spinous armature of the lateral line.
separated
nally
the ocular cirrus.
(evffavog. fringe; ocpgvs, eyebrow.)
KEY TO THE SPECIES OP THE CxENUS THYSANOPHRYS POUND

Insidiator, scales relatively large,
a.
about 40 in the lateral
IN JAPAN.
line; a small cirrose lap-
pet on upper rim of cornea; preopercular spines 3; D. I-VIII-11 or 12.

Lateral line armed ventrals reaching past front of anal color dark grayish brown,
b.
the back crossed with about four indefinite broad bars; pectorals specked above,
their lower half blackish ventrals pale at base and tip, the middle blackish.
;
spinas us, 2
hb.
Lateral line smooth; ventrals not quite to front of anal; color light yellowish
brown, with vague dusky bars; pectorals and ventrals specked in the rays.
macrolepis 3
,
aa.
Scales smaller, 70 to 90 in lateral line.
Preopercular spines
c.
cirri;
caildal crossed
cc.
smooth; D. I-VIII-11; A. 11; no

dusky on head and trunk forward;
meerdervoortii, 4
dusky
3; scales 75; lateral line
color grayish, with small spots of
by vague broad
Preopercular spines
l)ars of
2.
Ocular cirri present. {Thysanophrys, Platycephalus longlceps Cuvier and

Valenciennes) nematophthahiius Giinther, tcntaculatus Riippell, cirronasiis Richardson, etc., of the East Indies.)
(/.
dd.
e.
Ocular
cirri
absent.
Lateral line
armed
for its entire length.
{Platycephalus scaber Linnseus,
Grammoplites Fowler, and other East Indian species.)

ee. Lateral line smooth, or armed only anteriorly.
/. Opercular membrane under preopercular spines with a conspicuous
tongue-like flap, behind which is an acute notch; scales 70-80';
D. I-VIII-12; A. 12; color, reddish brown, with 6 vague cross bands;
type
ff.
of
no spots; rays of both dorsals and of pectorals speckled, the membranes

japoniciis, 5
clear; caudal with numerous small spots
Margin of opercular membrane below preopercular spines entire; scales
90; D. I-VII or VIII-11; A. 11; color, dark purplish gray with 4 or 5
broad cross-bands; back, sides; top of head, and muzzle with numerous small black spots; spinous dorsal blackish outward; soft dorsal
withrather large spots, extending into the membranes; caudal with a
few large spots and band-like splashes
crocodilus, 6
FISHES OF JAPAN JORDAN AND RICHARDSON.
NOo 1581.
THYSANOPHRYS SPINOSUS
2.
ONIGOCHI.
Platyccphalus spinosus
(Temminck and
633
Schlegel),
Devil Kochi.
Temminck and Schlegel, Faun.
Jap., Pise, 1843, p. 40,
Richardson, Iclith. China and Japan, 1846,

p. 217 (Canton).Bleeker, Niewe Nalez. Ichth. Japan, 1857, p. 77 (NagaGtJNTHER, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 190 (Japan). Ishikawa, Cat.
saki).
Fishes Imp. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 48 (Izu).
Imidiator ynacmlcpis Smith and Pope, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, 1906,
(Not Platycephalus macrolepis of Bleeker.)
p. 487 (Kagoshima; Yamagawa).
pi. XVI, figs. 1, 2
(Nagasaki).
Hahitat.
Head,
Southern Japan from Suruga Bay to Southern
2.6 or 2.7 in length
wdthout caudal; depth,
6.3;
Cliina.
depth of
head, 2.5; width of head, 1.3; eye, 4 to 4.2; interorbital space, 3 to

3.2 in eye; maxillary, 2.5; nose, 3.5; D. I-VIII-11 or 12; A. 12;
scales, 40;
scales of anterior tliird or half of lateral line
armed with
short but sharp spines.
Head much roughened with

iary ridges
mth
spines and serrated ridges; supercilabout 12 close serratures extending their entire
Fig. 2. Th-ssanophrys spinosus.
length;
a spine and 2 or 3 smaller serratures in front of each orbit;
infraorbital ridges serrated closely for their entire length, being inter-
rupted by a slightly deeper notch opposite pupil;
Jôst-orbital,
and humeral spines well developed; preopercular spines 3, the upper stout, reaching more than
halfway to the opercular margin; a shallow notch in the margin of
the opercular membrane under the preopercular spines; a cirrose
lappet on cornea above pupil; teeth villiform, in bands on jaws,
vomer, and palatines; vomerine bands set lengthwise; no canines;
tongue trilobed (emarginate, wdth a secondary median convexity).
First dorsal somewhat liigher than second, the longest spine 2.1 or
parie to-occipital, opercular, scapular,
2.2 in head;
anal inserted slightly beliind soft dorsal;
soft dorsal
and anal margin scarcely notched between the rays; pectorals, 1.8 to
2 in head; ventrals, 1.4; caudal sub truncate, but slightly rounded.
Color in alcohol dark grayish-brown above, the back crossed with
4 to 6 indefinite bands of darker color (there being typically 4 bands,
634
vol. xxxiii.
the middle two of which are broader than the others and show a
tendency to spHt up into narrower bars); belly yellow; soft dorsal
and caudal with specks on the rays, forming rows; spinous dorsal
with the rays specked and with the membranes clouded with dusky,
especially posteriorly; ventrals pale at base and tips, with a blackish
band across the middle; upper half of pectorals specked in the rays,
the membrane pale lower half of jêctorals blackish anal pale.
Of this species we have 34 specimens from Nagasaki, 2 to 4^ inches.
Here described from two specimens from Nagasaki, 4J inches long.
;
(spinosus, spinous.)
3.
THYSANOPHRYS MACROLEPIS
ONESAGOCHI,
Platycephalus maa-olepis
(Bleeker.)
Eldest Kochi.
Bleeker, Niewe Nalez. Ichth. Japan,
1857, p. 76, pi.
good) (Nagasaki).Gunther, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 188.

Steindachner and Doderlein, Beitr. Kennt. Fische Japan's (IV), 1887,
IV, fig. 1 (not.
260 (Tokyo).
p.
Insidiator hosohawae
486,
Habitat.
Head,
fig.
Smith and Pope, Proc. U.
S.
Nat. Mus.,
XXXI,
1906, p.
8 (Urado, island of Shikoku).
Southern Japan, north to Tokyo.
without caudal; depth 6.5; depth of head, 2.65

width of head, 1.4; eye, 4.1 or 4,2; interorbital space,
2.6; maxillary, 2.5; nose, 3.3; D. I-VIII-11 or 12; A. 12; scales,
38 to 40 lateral line smooth.
Head less strongly armed than in T. sfinosus; superciliary ridges
serrated beliind middle of eye a short bluntish spine in front of each
orbit; infraorbital ridges serrated closely for their whole length, the
number of teeth about 12; a deep semicircular notch in the infraorbital ridge under middle of pupil
two opercular spines terminating
low, short ridges; two scapular spines, the anterior one liighest;
post-orbital and parieto-occipital spines low; preopercular spines, 3,
the upper reacliing more than halfway from the notch under it to the
margin of the operculum; lower preopercular spines short, the third
often scarcely developed; lower margin of opercvdar membrane
entire; a cirrose lappet on cornea above pupil; jaws, vomer, and
palatines with bands of villiform teeth; vomerine bands short, placed
lengthwise; no canines; tongue emarginate, with a slight median
2.8 in length
in its length;
convexity.
First dorsal slightly higher
head;
than second, the longest spine 2.16
in
anal inserted slightly beliind soft dorsal; margin of anal and
soft dorsal
not noticeably notched between the rays; pectorals, 2.2
in head; ventrals, 1.6; caudal subtruncate, scarcely rounded.
Color in spirits light yellowish brown, the back crossed by 4 or 5

dusky bars; belly yellowish; dorsals, caudal, pectorals, and
indistinct
ventrals with black specks on the rays, arranged
more
or less in
rows; last membranes of spinous dorsal faintly clouded with dusky;

anal pale.
FISHES OF JA PA NJORDA N A ND RICHARDSON.
NO. 1581
Of
we have 55 specimens from Nagasaki,
this species
635
2 3 to 4 inches
long.
Here described from
2 specimens
from Nagasaki, 4 inches
long.
(piaKpo?:, large: X^ttis, scale.)
4.
THYSANOPHRYS MEERDERVOORTII"
ONAGOCHI (Woman
Platycephaliis vieerderroortii
pi.
I,
fig.
Kochi,
MAGOCHI
(Bleeker).
Big-eyed Kochi).
Bleeker, Acta Soc. Sci. Indo-Nederl., VIII,

Bleeker, Enum. Poiss. Japon., 1879,
3 (Nagasaki; Yedo).
1860,
p. 12
(Nagasaki; Yedo; Tokyo).

Platycephaliis rudis
fig.
Gunther, Shore Fishes, Challenger, 1880, p. 66, pi. xxix,

Steindachner and Doderlein, Beitr. Keiint. Fische
B (Yokohama).
Japan's, IV, 1887, p. 260 (Tokyo).
Msidiator rudis
Jordan and Snyder,
XXIII,
1900,
j).
368 (Tokyo).
Hahitaf.
Head
Southern Japan, north
3.25 in its
in eye;
to Tok^'o.
length without caudal; depth 7.75; depth of head

length; width of head 1.5; eye 4.2; interorbital space 3
2.8
in
maxillary 2.5; D. I-VIII-11; A. 11; scales 75; lateral line
smooth.
Head moderately armed;

low"
and rather
closely
superciliary ridges each with about 6

approximated serratures, in front of and
beliind each ridge a single higher spine; infraorbital ridges with 5
distant spines, the last one just in iront of the base of the long pre-
opercular spine; two smooth ridges on upper part of opercle, each

terminating behind in an inconspicuous spine; scapular ridges
short, each with two spines; parietooccipital region with a pair of
low"
ridges,
each
terminating
in
moderate spine; post-orbital
ridges ill-defined, each with two low spines; preopercular spines
3,
the upper more than twice the length of the second, and reaching
almost to the gill-opening, third spine about half as long as second;
a slight but sharp notch on the opercular membrane, imder the

second spine; anterior nostril with a short dermal flaj); teeth in fine
villiform bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines, the vomerine bands
short,
tines;
and disposed lengthwise, scarcely reacliing past front of palano canines; tongue emarginate, with a very slight median
convexit}".
No
ocular cirrus.
Spinous and soft dorsals of about equal height; longest dorsal

spine 2.2 in head; soft dorsal inserted slightly in front of anal; the
margin of the fui notched to a depth (measured on ray forming hinder
boundary of notch) equal to two-fifths of the diameter of the orbit;
pectorals 2 in head, reacliing to opposite sixth ray of spinous dorsal;
a
nominal point
of difference
figure of P. rudis consists in the
between Bleeker's
figure of this fish
and Giinther's
absence in the figure of Bleeker of the third (lowest)

preopercular spine. In \'iew of the perfect agi'eement of the figures in all other essential particulars, it appears that the point may be waived with entire safety.
636
vol. xxxiii.
ventrals 1.4, their tips to a vertical from second ray of soft dorsal;
caudal rounded posteriorly, with the upper and lower angles rather
squarish.
Color
grayish, with black dots on the sides forward
(in alcohol)
and on cheeks and
opercles; spinous dorsal clouded with blackish,
being darkest behind, especially between the
fifth
and seventh
spines;
rays of soft dorsal specked with black; pectorals with the rays
specked with black and also with some dusky in the membranes ven;
except near base and at tips; anal pale; caudal crossed

by broad bars of dusky, one near base, a narrower one midway, and
a broad one across tip.
Specimens: Wakanoura, 1 specimen, 2f inches; Sliimizu, on
Suruga Bay, 1 specimen, 5f inches.
The above description is from a Suruga specimen, 5f inches in
trals blackish
length.
(Named
for J. C. L.
5.
(?)
Pompe van Meerdervoort)
THYSANOPHRYS JAPONICUS
Silurus fnerniisHouTTUYN, Verhandl. Haarlem,
(Tilesius).
XX,
1782
(2), p.
450 (Naga-
saki).
PlatycephalusjaponinisTiijEsivs, Krusenst. Reise, 1812,
pi. lix, fig. 1 (Nagasaki).^
CuviER and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 256 (after Tilesius).
(?) Richardson, Ichth. China and Japan, 1846, p. 217 (Canton).
Temminck and Schlegel, ^ Faun. Japon., Pise, 1843, p. 40, pi. xvi, fig. 3
(Nagasaki). Bleeker, Niewe Nalez. Ichth. Japan, 1857, p. 78 (Nagasaki).
GtJNTHER, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 181 (China and Japan); Shore Fishes,
Challenger, 1880, p. 55 (Hongkong).Macleay, Cat. Austral. Fishes, I, 1881,
Steindachner b and Doderlein, Beitr. Kennt.
p. 220 (Port Darwin).
Fische Japan's (IV), 1887, p. 260 (Tokyo). Smith and Pope. Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus.,
XXXI,
1906, p. 486 (Kochi; Kagoshima).
Platyccphalus crocodilus
Jordan and Snyder,
1900, p. 368 (Tokyo) (not P. crocodilus of Tilesius).
XXIII,
Schmidt, Pise. Mar.
Orient., 1904, p. 368 (Fusan, Korea).
We
give here a translation of Houttuyn's description of Silurus inermis:
bels or serrated pectoral spine.
Body
terete, scaled.
Head very
No
bar-
with large eyes,

D. VII-11; P. 20;
flat,
Opercle with two fine spines.

Caudal fin roundish, black and white spotted, like all the other
fins.
Body reddish. Jaws without teeth. Length, 6 inches. It seems more probable that Houttuyn may have made a miscount (under) of the dorsal and anal rays
than that he would have omitted mention of the spotting, if his specimen had been
an T. crocodilus. The description of the color fits well T. japoniciis, and it may be
close together, as in the Stargazer.
V.
6;
A. 10; C.
13.
that the species should stand as Thysanophrys inermis.
&The fullness and accuracy of Doctor Steindachner 's description, together with
the fact that he had a specimen of P. japoniciis from Schlegel for comparison, seems to
establish beyond serious question the identity of the specimens of Schlegel and
Steindachner with P. japonicus of Tilesius. Certain essential points of Doctor Steindachner 's description follow (in translation): "Dorsal 1/8/12-13; scales 65-70, not
100, as stated by Doctor Giinther; * * * a well-developed membranous flap
below the preopercular spines; color gray, with obscure bands and blotches;
and pectoral with rows of brown spots."-
dorsals
FISHES OF JAPAN-JORDAN AND RICHARDSON.
NO. 1581.
Habitat.
Head,
637
Southern Japan and China, north to Tokyo.
2.8 in length \vithout caudal; depth, 7.5 to 9;
3.5 in its length;
width
of head, 1.6;
depth of head,
eye, 4.6 to 4.8;
interorbital
space, 2.5 to 3 in eye; maxillary, 2.5; D. I-VIII-12; A. 12; scales,
70 to 80; lateral line smooth except for the

bear small spines.
first
3 or 4 scales,
which
may
Head moderately armed; superciliary ridges each mth about 6

low spine-like serratures, all behind middle of eye; a sharp spine in
front of and behind each superciliary ridge; infraorbital ridges with
two distant spines, one under middle of pupil, the other under back
of orbit; an upper short and a median long, smooth ridge on opercles,
each ending in a good spine; a short (anterior) and a long (posterior)
scapular spine on each side of nape; parieto-occipital ridges low,
beginning and ending with a rather low spine; 3 moderate postorbital spines on each side, without a continuous ridge; preopercular
spines 2 (with sometimes a minute third spine), hoih short, the
upper being about twice the length of the lower and contained 3 or
Fig. 3. Thysanopheys japonicus.
more times
in the diameter of orbit; a sharp and deep notch on the

edge of the opercular membrane directly under the preopercular
spines, -the membrane in front of the notch produced in a V-shaped,
tongue-like flap, which is as long as the upper preopercular spine;
jaws, vomer, and palatines with bands of fine villiform teeth;
vomerine bands short, obovate, placed lengthwise and reaching
scarcel}^ past front of palatines; no canine teeth; tongue emarginate,
sometimes with a very slight median convexity.
Spinous dorsal noticeably higher than soft dorsal fui, the longest
head and about 1.25 times length of highest ray; anal
spine 2.3
fill inserted under second ray of soft dorsal; margin of anal and soft
dorsal moderately notched to a depth (measured on ray forming
hinder boundary of notch) equal to nearly two-fifths of diameter of
orbit; pectorals 2 in head; ventrals 1.4, reaching a vertical from
third soft dorsal ray; caudal rounded.
Color in alcohol, grayish-brown above, the back crossed by 6
obscure and ill-defined bands of darker; head obscurely and fuiely
specked and vermiculated cheeks below the suborbital ridge crossed
transversely by alternating obscure light and dark band-like mark-
638
vol. xxxni.
which are continued for a short distance underneath; exposed

upper edges of mandible finely banded and vermiculated with pale and
dusky; under parts yellowish; dorsals and pectorals with the membranes pale, the rays being specked with black, the spots forming rows
caudal with dark spots in the membranes, the anterior ones small and
roundish and forming indistinct rows the spots toward back of fin
larger and more or loss in the form of elongate lengthwise splashes.
Specimens. Tokyo, 4 specimens, 7^ to 8 inches; Misaki, 1 specimen, 6 inches; Tsuruga, 1 specimen, 7 inches; Nagasaki, 34 specimens, 4 to 8 inches; Wakanoura, 19 specimens, 4 to 6^ inches.
Here described from 2 specimens, 7^ and 8 niches long, from
Tsuruga arid Tokyo, respectively.
The species is generally common in the markets of southern Japan.
ings,
6.
THYSANOPHRYS CROCODILUS
(Tilesius).
INEGOCHI, RiceKochi.
Platycephalus crocodilus Tilesius, Krusenstern's Reise, 1812,
saki).
CuviER and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat.
pi. lix, fig. 2
(Naga-
Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 256 (after
Tilesius)
Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829,

(Hindustan, Voy. Peron).GtJNTHER, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 180;
Shore Fishes, Challenger, 1880, p. 66 (Inland Sea of Japan). Day, Fishes
Nystrom, Svensk.
India, I, 1878-1888, p. 277, pi. lx, fig. 3 (Indian seas).
Vet.-Akad. Handl., 13, IV, No. 4, '1887, p. 25 (Nagasaki). Steindachner
Platycephalus punctatus
p. 243
and Doderlein, Beitr. Kennt. Fische Japan's (IV), 1887, p. 259 (Tokyo).
Sauvage, Poiss. Madagascar, 1891, p. 307, pi. xxxvi, figs. 5 and 5a. Ishikawa,
Smith and Pope, Proc.
Cat. Fishes Imp. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 48 (Suruga).
U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, 1906, p. 486 (Yamagawa).Jordan and Seale,
Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., XXVI, 1906, p. 38 (Cavite, Philippine Islands).
Platycephalus (/uttatus Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829,
TEMMiNCKand Schlegel", Faun. Japon., Pise, 1843, p. 39,
p. 244 (Japan).
pi. XV, fig. 2 (Bay of Nagasaki).
(?) Richardson, Ichth. China, 1846, p. 217
(Canton). Namiye, Class. Cat., 1881, p. 104 (Tokyo).
In the figure
of
Temminck and
represented, being 8 and not
5,
Schlegel the
number
as in specimens;
of dorsal bands is incorrectly

and the number of soft dorsal
In all our
is stated in the description to be 12, "and not 10, as said by Cuvier."
specimens we find 11 soft dorsal rays, the last one being split fully to the base. Enumerating, on the other hand, the points of agreement between our specimens (one
of which is 14 inches long) and both the figure and description of Temminck and
rays
Schlegel,
we
find the following:
(1)
General
(2)
Distribution of spotting:
color, grayish to
reddish-brown, with purplish tinge.
On
back, top of head,
int('rorl)ital space,
muzzle, and
under eyes.
(3) Spotting of spinous dorsal: The spots in three obscure series, and extending into
the membranes. (The young have the outer half of the fin blackish. Schlegel's specimen was 20 inches long.)
(4)
Coloration of soft dorsal.
(5)
"Adipose," club-like tips of anal rays.

all of the points enumerated the present species
In
japonicu^.
diffcn-s
markedly from
T.

FISHES OF JAPAN JOBDAN AND RICHARDSON.
NO. 1581.
639
Southern Japan to the East Indies north
to Tokyo.
without caudal; depth 9; depth of head 3.5 to 4
in its length; width of head 1.6 or 1.7; eye 4.5 to 5.2; interorbital
space 2.5 in eye; maxillary in head 2.5 to 2.7; D. VII or VIII, 11; A.
11; scales 90: lateral line smooth.
Size and arrangement of spines on top of head about as
T. japonicus; 5 or 6 superciliary serratures, all behind center of orbit; a sharp
spine at the upper anterior corner of each orbit: infraorbital ridge
with 3 distant spines, one under back of orbit, one below anterior third
of pupil, and a third (not foimd in T-jajJonicus) nearly opposite posterior nostril, upper part of opercle with two low smooth ridges, each
ending in a short blunt spine; scapular ridges each with two spines;
parie to-occipital ridges low, with two short spines; 3 post-orbital
spines on each side, not connected by a continuous ridge; preopercular
spines 2, longer than in T. japonicus, the upper contained less than
2h times in the diameter of the orbit, the lower less than half the
length of the upper; opercular membrane not notched nor provided
Habitat.
Head
3 in length
Fig.
4.
Thysanophrys crocodilus.
with a flap under angle of preoperculum; bands of fine villiform teeth;

vomerine bands short, as in T. japonicus; no canine teeth; tongue
emarginate, occasionally with a very slight median convexity.
Highest dorsal spine 1| times height of longest soft ray; margin
of soft dorsal and anal behind middle- of fins deeply notched, the finmembrane joining the anterior edge of the rays about midway of
their length; free ends of soft dorsal rays expanded (by branching)
and brush-like; anal rays similarly expanded outwardly, and covered with rather thick skin; pectorals 2 to 2.2 in head; ventrals 1.4
to 1.6; caudal margin convexo-truncate.
Color (in alcohol) reddish-brown, tending to purplish, back, sides,
back and top of head, muzzle, cheeks, and opercles with numerous
small roundish black spots; similar spots between the eyes, below
them, and on the upper third of each eye itself; back crossed with 4
or 5 broad bars of dusky, the last three directed obliquely forward,
and all subject to fading and disintegration with age; under parts
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
11
640
vouxxxm.
whitish forward, dusky behind ventrals; spinous dorsal in young

specimens with its outer half or third blackish; in adults (specimen
14 inches) the darker color fading and breaking into more or less recognizable black spots, which form indistinct rows, but are not confined to the rays as in T. japonicus; soft dorsal with large spots,
encroaching on the membrane, and forming, on the posterior half of

the fin, 3 rows; membranes of anal blackish, in a broad and long
splotch between each two rays, pectorals and ventrals dusky, the
upper pectoral rays with the spots forming obscure rows; caudal in
young with spots and witle longitudinal band-like splashes of blackish,
which break up more or less in old specimens.
The
distinguishes this species from /.

important differences are: The absence
in the present species of the tongue-like flap on the opercular membrane; the deeper notching of the margins of the soft dorsal and anal;
the longer spines of the preopercle; and the thickened, "adipose"
alone sufficiently
color
japonicus.
anal rays.
Other more or
less
Specimens. Tokyo, 3 specimens, 6 to Sh inches; Onomichi, 1

specunen, 4^ inches; Hiroshima, 1 specimen, 7 inches; Nagasaki, 2
specimens, 9 inches and one 14 inches; Wakanoura, 4 specimens, 7
to 8| inches.
Here described from measurements made on a specimen 8 inches

Wakanoura and one 14 inches long from Nagasaki.
It is common in southern Japan, and southward to India and the
long from
Philippines.
(crocodilus, crocodile.)
3.
PLATYCEPHALUS
Bloch.
Platycephalus Block, Ichth., XII, 1795, p. 90 {spathula=insidiator=indicus).

Calliomorns Lacepede, Hist. Poiss., II, 1800, p. 343 {indicus).
Neoplatycephalus Castelnau, Proc. Zool. Soc. Victoria,
I,
1872, p. 87, (grandis).
Head broad and extremely depressed, being smooth or scarcely

armed; angle of preopercle with 2 spines, subequal, or the lower one
longest; lower face of preopercle without spine; vomer with small
canine-like teeth, in a crescentic band, which is placed at right angles
to the shaft of the bone; palatines with a single most prominent row
of canine-like teeth, teeth in jaws in broad villiform bands; no ocular
cirri; scales very small, more than 100 in t^qîcal species; lateral line
smooth.
East Indies, Chinese and Japanese seas. Red Sea, Cape of Good
Hope, and Australia. Species less numerous than those of Thysanophrys; a single one is known from Japan, the center of distribution
of the genus being apparently Australia.
{nXarvg,
flat;
Ke(j)a\r'}^
head.)

NO.
1581.
7.
AND RICHARDSON.
PLATYCEPHALUS INDICUS
KOCHI, MAKOCHI (True Kochi), GINGOCHI
Callionymus indkus Linn.*;us, Syst. Nat.,

p. 434; ("habitat in Asia").
641
(Linnaeus.)
(Silver Kochi).
lOtli ed., 1758, p. 250;
12111 ed.. 17()6,
CaUiomorus indicns Lacepede Hist. Poiss., II, 1800, p. 343.

PlatyaphaJMs .'^pathula Block, Ichth., XII, 1795, p. 90, pi. ccccxxiv (Tranque'bar).
X (Rod Sea).
ForskIl, Descr. Animal., Pise, p. 25.
riatyirphalus iusidialor, ("uvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829,
Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Jap.,
p. 227 (Pondicherry; Moluccas).
Pise. 1843, p. 39, pi. xv, fig. 1 (Nagasaki). Richardson, Ichth. China and
Japan, 184(i, p. 216 (Canton). Gunther, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 177 (China;
Japan; India; Red Sea; Cape of Good Hope; N. W. Australia). Shore Fishes,
Challenger, 1880, p. 66 (Yokohama Bay).Namiye, Class. Cat., 1881, p. 104
(Tokyo). Day, Fishes India, 1878-1888, p. 276. Nystrom, Svensk. Vet.Akad. Handl., 13, IV, 1887, No. 4, p. 25 (Nagasaki). Steindachner and
DoDERLEiN, Beitr. Kennt. Fische Japan's (IV) 1887, p. 259 (Tokyo; Kochi;
CottKs hmdiator FokskAi., Descr. Animal., Pise, 1775, p.
Cottiis rogad: insidiator
Kagoshima).
(?)
Platycephahis (inyKsliis Steindachner, Sitzber. Ak. Wiss. Wien.. LIII, 1866,
(Surinam, error in locality).

Atlas, IX, 1878, Platyc, pi. i, iig. 3.
and Pope. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.. XXXI, 1906, p. 486 (Kagoshima).
p. 213, pi.
I.
lig.
Plafycephalus indicns
Habitat.
Head
Bleeker,
Smith
East Indies to India and the Red Sea, and north to Japan.
3.2 to 3.4 in length witht)ut caudal;
depth
to 10;
depth
of
head 3.7
its length; width of head 1.5; eye 7 to 9; interorbital space tAvice diameter of eye, maxillary 2.6 in head, D. I-VIIto 4 in
13; A. 13; scales
about 120,
Head smooth, except
lateral line entirely
smooth.
for the lo\y superciliary, parieto-occipital,
scapidar and preopercular ridges, none of which is proyided with any

a low blunt spine with a broad base in front of
spines or serratiu-es
the upper anterior orl)ital angle; preoperculum ending in two robust
both slightly upturned, and the lower

one reaching about half way to the margin of the opercle; a tonguelike flap on the opercular membrane under the preopercular spines;
vomerine teeth canine-like, the bands bearing them semicrescentic in
spines, of almost equal length,
form and
set nearly transversely to the
vomerine shaft; palatines
with a single most prominent row of canine-like teeth; jaws with

villiform teeth in broad bands; tongue as a rule convex in front,
sometimes (in large specimen) showing a very slight emargination.
Highest dorsal spine scarcely equal to longest soft ray; posterior
margin of soft dorsal and anal cleft deeply between the rays, the membrane joining the front edge of the rays below their middle free ends of
the rays well branched; pectorals 2 in head in young (2.4 in a specimen
14+ inches long); ventrals 1.5 to 1.7; caudal subtruncate posteriorly.
Color in spirits brownish, with 8 or 9 obscure dusky, cloud-like bands
over back; back and top of head and muzzle everywhere vaguely
;
642
vol.
xxxm.
mottled in fine pattern, the spots on the head of a more or less roundish form and encircled with a ring of pale bars and mottlings tending
to become obsolete in old specimens; underparts yellowish; fins,
except caudal, with rows of dusky spots on the rays; caudal with a
median longitudinal black band, above and below which are two
oblique ones, the upper band being shorter than the other two.
Specimens. Nagasaki, 2 specimens, 7 to 8 inches; Wakanoura, 3
specimens, 9 to 10^ inches; Tsuruga, 2 specimens, 8^ inches; Tokyo
and Misaki, 5 specimens, 8 to 9 inches. It was also seen at Tsuruga,
Kobe, Hiroshima, and Onomichi.
Here described from measurements made on a specimen 10 inches
long from Wakanoura and one 144^ inches long from Hongkong,
China. This species is a common market fish from Tokyo southward,
the largest member of the family in Japan, and by far the most
abundant. It is known at once by the flat, smooth head, and by
the coloration of the caudal f\i\.
;
(indicus, Indian.)
Family BEMBRID.E.
Head not greatly depressed, armed and scaly on the sides; body
covered with scales of large or rather small size; a lateral line; 2
dorsal fins, the first with 6 to 11 spines; ventrals thoracic, but
inserted a little before the pectorals, I, 5; no pectoral appendages;
villiform teeth in the jaws, on the vomer, and on palatines; branchiostegals 7;
Waters
no air-bladder.
Hawaii^ and Japan.
Four genera and
of
4 species, 3 of
these inhabiting waters of Japan.
KEY TO GENERA.
Anal
a.
fin long, of 14 or
15 rays.
top of head with spines and ridges; lateral line travBembras, 4.

jaws subequal; scales 55
First dorsal of 6 spines; top of head smooth; lateral line (not described); lower
Bambradon, 5
jaw projecting (as in Parabembras) scales 40
First dorsal of 11 spines;
h.
ersing
bb.
middle
of side;
aa.
above middle of side, ninning parallel witli

Parabembras, 6
the back; lower jaw projecting, scales about 47 (figure)
Anal
fin short, of 8 rays, lateral line
4.
BEMBRAS
Bembras Cvvmn and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat.
Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 282 {japonicus).
Dorsal spines XI; anal fin long, of 14 or 15 rays; lateral line travCharersing middle of side; top of head with spines and ridges.
acters otherwise those of the family.
A single species, from Japan.
(fSejufSpas,
a grasshopper.)
"According to Prof. Henry R. Fairclough, of Stanford University, it is good usage

Latin to omit one d in patronymics in which two d's occur together, in the interest
Thus Liparidm should be preferred to Liparididae.
of euphony.
^Bembradium roseum Gilbert; D. IX-12; A. 11; scales 28; lateral line near middle
in
of
body; lower jaw included.
Hawaii.
FISHES OF JAPAX-JORDAN AND BICHARD80N.
N0.15S1.
8.
BEMBRAS JAPONICUS
Bembras japoniciis Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat.

Lxxxiii (Japan, Coll.
pi.
043
Langsdorf).
Poiss.,
IV, 1829, p. 282,
fig. 8 (Nagasaki).
Richardson, Ichtli.
217.GiJNTHER, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 191
(Japan, stuffed specimen). Bleeker, Enum. Poiss. Japon., 1879, p. 12
Ishikawa, Cat. FishesImp.Mus., Tokyo, 1897, p.48(Boshu).
(Nagasaki).
Steindachner and Doderlein, Beitr. Kennt. Fische Japan's (IV), 1887,
p. 261 (Tokyo Bay). Smith and Pope, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, 1906,
Japon., Pise, 1843, p. 41, pi. xvi,
China and Japan, 1846,
p.
488 (Susaki; Urado; Kochi).
Habitat.
Head
p.
South Japan and nortli to Tokyo.
D. VI-12; A. 1-4; scales 55; muzzle longer

than eye; jaws subequal; infraorbital ridge with 4 denticulations,
directed backward.
Color clear red, more or less mottled or spotted; the dorsal fins
with greenish spots.
We have no specimens of this rare species. The above description is condensed from the accounts of Schlegel and Cuvier.
The
senior writer has, however, examined a specimen from Boshu in the
Imperial Museum at Tokyo. It was brick red wdth distinct spots,
D. X-12, A. 14.
3.5 in length;
(japonicus, Japanese.)
5.
BAMBRADON
new
genus.
Dorsal spines VI; anal rays 14 or 15; lateral line probably travBembras and Bembradium, with which
this genus is apparently more closely allied than with Parabembras;
top of head smooth, without spines or ridges.
ersing middle'* of side, as in
single species,
from the waters
of Japan.
{f3aiA(3padoov, a grasshopper.)
Type of genus.
Bambradon
g.
Isetns.
BAMBRADON
LÊVIS
(Nystrom.)
Bembras Ixvis Nystrom, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,
13,
IV, 1887, No.
4, p.
26
(Nagasaki).
Upper ])art of head wholly without spines and ridges; body slenderer than in Bembras japonicus; breadth behind head somew^hat
greater than the depth; D. VI-14; A. 15; P. 23; scales 40; eye 4 in
head; snout 3 in head; lower jaw projecting considerably beyond
upper; second dorsal spine longest, somewhat longer than body's
depth; anal slightl}' longer than soft dorsal; scales thin, ctenoid.
Color brownish, with a row of dusky spots along body's lower edge;
under parts dirty white; a black blotch at front of spinous dorsal;

anal pale, with a dusky band at base; pectorals brownish, without
spots or bands.
" Direction of lateral line not stated
by Nystrom.

iy44:
vol. xxxiii.
This species has not been taken since originally described by

The above description is condensed from the
in 1887.
Nystrom
by Nystrom.
original description
Qsevis,
smooth.)
6.
PARABEMBRAS
rnrabembras Blpêker, Versl. Ak. Amst.
(2),
Bleeker.
VIII, 1874, p. 370 {curhis).
Lateral line high, parallel with the back; anal
and
6 rays (figure of
fin short, of 2
P. curtus Temminck and Schlegel)
spines
lower jaw
strongly projecting.
single species, kno^v^l only
from Japan.
{napa, near hemhras.)

10.
PARABEMBRAS CURTUS
(Temminck and
Schlegel).
Bembras rwrfus Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Japon., Pise, 1843, p. 42, pi.
Richardson, Ichth. China and Japan, 1846, p. 217
XVI, figs. 6, 7 (Nagasaki).
(after Schlegel). Gunther, Cat. Fishes,
Parabembras curtus Bleeker, Versl. Ak. Amst.
Habitat.
II,
1860, p. 191 (after Schlegel).
(2),
VIII, 1874, p. 370.
Island of Kiusiu.
Head, 2 in length of trunk (figure of Temminck and Schlegel);

depth 6; D. IX-9; A. 8; P. 21; scales about 47 (figure); muzzle
short (shorter than eye in fig.); lower jaw projecting; opercular and
subopercular spines feeble teeth much fuier than in Bemhras japonicus; infraorbital ridge with 3 denticulations.
Color uniform reddish in the dried specimen.
This species appears not to have been taken since it was originally
described by Temminck and Schlegel in 1843 from a dried specimen.
;
{curtus, short.)
Family
HOPLICHTHYID^.
flattened, strongly armed, with upper surface and

bony; back and sides covered with bony plates; belly and
breast naked; two dorsal fins; ventrals I, 5 set at a moderate distance apart, as in Triglidx, but somewhat in front of pectorals; 3
detached pectoral rays, as in Triglidse; jaws, vomer, and palatines
with mjnute teeth; no air-bladder; pseudobranchise present.
Japanese and Hawaiian seas; a single genus known, with four
species, two of which belong to Japan.
The affinities of these fishes seem to be with the Tnglidsp rather
Head broad and
sides
than the Platycephalidsf.

7.
HOPLICHTHYS
IlopUchtliys Ci'ViER
and Valenciennes. Hist. Nat.
Poiss..
1829. lalile of con-
tends (langsdorfi).
Oplirhthys
{langsdorfii).
Hist.
Nat.
Poiss..
IV.
1829,
\>.
266
Ko. 1581.
Characters those of the family.

(ottXoVj armature; ix^vs, fish.)
KEY TO
a Anal rays 16; longest pectoral
Two
species
645
known from Japan.
SPECIES.
appendage reaching
tip of pectoral; a tuft of strong
spines on the under side of the head at the outer posterior angle of each mandible;
lateral facial edges rather strongly lobed and furnished with strong curved spines;
color light grayish brown, the
back with 4 obscure crossbars
langsdorfii, 11
aa Anal rays 17 or 18; longest pectoral appendage one eye-width short of tip of pectoral; no spines on under side of head; lateral facial edges scarcely lobed, rather
weakly serrated except
posteriorly; color grayish, the
back crossed by 4 dusky
crossbars
II,
gilberti,
HOPLICHTHYS LANGSDORFII
12
Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p.

Lxxxi (Japan). (Hoplii-hthys in table of contents; not Hoplichthys
{?)b Smith and Pope, Proc. U .S.
langsdorfii Temminck and Schlegel.)
Oplichthys langsdorfii
264, pi.
Nat. Mus.,
XXXI,
Hoplichthys langsdorfii
(?)
IsHiKAWA,
1906, p. 487 (Urado;
Gvntker,
Cat. Fishes
Kagoshima).
Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 191 (China, Japan).
Imp. Mus. Tokyo,
1897, p. 48 (Boshu; Tosa).
Hoplichthys langsdorfii (?) Nystrom, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 13, IV, 1887,
No. 4, p. 25 (Nagasaki). (?) Steindachner and Doderlein, Beitr. Kennt.
Fische Japan's (IV), 1887, p. 261 (Tokyo Bay).

Hoplichthys pusillus (?) Bleeker, Enum. Poiss. Japon., 1879, p. 13 (Nagasaki),
(after Aspidophorus pusillus Langsdorff, mss.).
Habitat.
Head,
Seas of Japan, north to Tokyo.
-^
3.7 in length to base of caudal; depth, 12.5,
depth of head,
3.75 in its length; width of
head, 1.3; eye, 3.6; interorbitalspace,

4.2 in eye; maxillary, 3 in head; nose, 3.6; D. VI-15; A. 16; lateral
scutes, 28.
Body without
an upper dorso-lateral
on each side, the dorsal wings ot which overlap
antero-posteriorly and extend inward nearly to the base of the dorsal
rays, torming an almost complete coat of mail for the back the keel
of each scute terminating behind in a sharp, backwardly-directed
spine, below which, on the free hinder margin of the scute, is a very
small obscure spine; head roughened with a few short spines and
many low serrated ridges; free lateral margins of preorbitals, suborbitals, and preopercles, forming a thin edge, which is notched into
row
scales or plates except for
of keeled scutes
lobes bearing long, sharp, spine-like serratures; a noticeably broad,
shallow notch in the suborbital edge under the front of the pupil,
bounded by
2 curved spines, pointing toward each other; angle of

preoperculum with 2 long curved spines, the inner and posterior one
For a discussion of the identity of the specimen of
Temminck and
Schlegel see
the conclusion of the present description.

b The synonyms in this list which are preceded l)y an interrogation point are unaccompanied by any descriptive matter, and may not refer to Hoplichthys langsdorfii
uvier and Valenciennes.
See conclusion of present description.
646
VOL. XXXIII.
twice as long as the outer and reaching to the base of the pectoral
a tuft of small curved spines on the under side of the head at
fin;
each outer posterior angle of the mandibula; teeth in villifonn bands

on jaws, vomer, and palatines; tip of tongue convex.
Spinous dorsal (in male ?) relatively high, the fin when depressed
reaching to the second ray of the soft dorsal; longest dorsal spine
1.6 in head; soft dorsal highest posteriorly, without filamentous
rays, its longest ray 1.3 in head; soft dorsal and anal nearly opposite,
both very long, the anal base being nearly twice head; pectoral,
1.4 in head; 3 detached pectoral rays, the longest extending fully to
tip of pectorals, 1.3 in head; ventrals, 1.8; caudal rounded.
Color in spirits yellowish brown, the back crossed with 4 obscure
cross-bars of dusky, and with many fine punctulations in small,
vaguely outlined clusters; belly pale; spinous dorsal with obscure
spots of dusky, forming rows across both rays and membranes; soft
Fig. 5
Hoplichthys
langsdorfii.
dorsal mottled, the light color in roundish spots
between the rays;
caudal and pectorals with the rays specked and \vith the membranes
clouded with dusky; anal pale except for a narrow outer edging of
blackish.
This species differs from Hopliclithys gilherti and from Hoplichthys

having fewer (only 16) rays in the anal fin, in its
much longer pectoral appendages, and in the presence of a tuft of
spines on the under side of the head at the outer posterior edge of
citrinus Gilbert in
each mandible. The representation of two well-developed spines at

the angle of each lateral scute in the figure of Cuvier and Valenciennes
is doubtless fallacious, the figure correctly shoA\dng, however, practically all of the remaining essential features of Cuvier' s description
and of our own specimen, including the tuft of spines under each jaw.
The fins of Cuvier' s specimen were damaged and no certain value can
be attached to the rendering of their form. The number of anal rays.
NO. 1581.
647
by Cuvier to be 16, is likewise 16 in our

specimen, and was found by Doctor Gtinther to be 16 in several
specimens from Cliina and Japan. The larger number of anal rays
in Sclilegel's specimens, stated in the description to be 17 or 18, and
the much lower spinous dorsal and shorter pectoral appendages, as
shown in the figure, make it ahnost certain that it represents a species
figured as 17, but stated
distinct
from H.
langsdorjii Cuvier
and Valenciennes, and probably
identical with Hoidichthys gilherti, next described.
Here described from a single specimen 5^ inches long, obtained at

Kagoshima and presented to Stanford University by Professor
Mitsukuri.
(Named
lor
M. Langsdorf, who brought the
first
specimens from
Japan.)
12.
HOPLICHTHYS GILBERTI Jordan
and Richardson, new species.
Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Jap. Pise, 1845, p. 156,

Lxxix, fig. 2 (not Hoplichthys langsdorjii Cuvier and Valenciennes) (Nagasaki).Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Oomm., XXIII, 1903, Pt. 2, p. 641 (Suruga
Bay, off Ose Point).
Hoplichthys langsdorji Jordan and Starks, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902,
p. 593 (Suruga Bay, off Ose Point).
Hoplichthys langsdorjii
pi.
Seas
north to Suruga Bay, in deep water.

depth 13; depth of head 3.6
eye;
in its length; width of head 1.3; eye 3.6; interorbital space 4
maxillary 3.2 in head; nose 3.3, longer than eye; D. VI-15; A. 17;
Habitat.
Head
of Japan,
3.4 in length to base of caudal;
scutes 27.
Back and
sides with
of keeled scutes, as
an incomplete coat
of
mail formed of two rows
Hoplichthys langsdorjii; each keel ending in a
strong spine, below which
is a small concealed one, as in that species;

top of head with low serrated ridges; lateral facial edge less spinous
than in Hoplichthys langsdorjii, and with much less distinct lobes, the
notch under pupil scarcely noticeable, being nearly continuous with

the weakly serrated edge in front of and immediately behind it; angle
of preoperculum with 2 long curved spines, as in Hoplichthys langsdorjii; spines on under side of head rather weaker than in Hoplichthys
langsdorjii; villiform teeth in bands on jaws, vomer, and palatines;
tip of tongue slightly emarginate.
Spinous dorsal (m female) low, its longest spine 3 in head, the
depressed fin falling well short of the second fin; soft dorsal long and
low, without filamentous rays, its longest ray (anterior) 2.2 in head;
soft dorsal and anal about opposite; pectoral 1.4 in head, the 3 detached pectoral rays much shorter than in Hoplichthys langsdorjii,
the longest 1.7 in head, failing of reaching tip of pectoral by a distance
nearly equal to diameter of eye; ventrals rather short 2.25 in head;
caudal slightly emarginate.
648
VOL. xxxin.
Color in spirits grayish, with dark specks and small clusters of

back with 4 dusky cross bands; belly whitish; spinous
dorsal dusky in the membranes posteriorly, the tips of the rays
whitish; rays of soft dorsal specked at broad intervals with dusky;
punctulations
caudal rays specked outwardly, the base of the fin with a diffuse blotch
of dusky; latter third of anal with a subedging of dusky, in the membrane; pectorals specked in both rays and membranes.
(Named for Dr. Charles Henry Gilbert, of Stanford University.)
This species differs from Hoplichthys langsdorfii in its greater number
of anal rays, shorter pectoral appendages, shorter ventrals, longer nose,
less
lobed and
less
spinous lateral facial
licMJiys langsdorfii in
Temminck and
curate in several particulars, whether

langsdorfii or the present species,
ferred to H. gilherti, with
ages and in the larger
which
it
number
profile.
Schlegel,
The
which
is
figure of
Hop-
evidently inac-
be intended to represent H.
with some reservation be reagrees in the short pectoral appendit
may
of anal rays.
The
fact that those
Fk;. fi. Hopi.irHTHYS (jii.berti.
authors say in their description that their specimen had 17 or 18 anal

rays would alone seem to leave little question that they were at least
not the same as Hoplichthys langsdorfii Cuvier and Valenciennes.
Hoplichthys citrinus Gilbert, recently described from Hawaii, is
close to the present species, differing from it chiefly in the more marked
lobing and spination of the lateral facial edges, and in the yet shorter
pectoral appendages, the longest of which
is
contained 2.2 in head
(female)
Known and
here described from 9 specimens, 3 to 6.50 inches long,

States Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in
United
taken by the
off
Ose Point, Suruga Bay, in 1900, and one speci100
fathoms
75 to
men 5.25 inches long from station 5070, Suruga Bay, in 1906, Albatross
expedition of 1906, in 108 fathoms.
Type.The last-named, Cat. No. 51271 U.S.N.M.,

The figure is taken from it.
species.
is
the type of the
FISHES OF JAPAN JORDAN AXD RICHARDSON.
N0.15S1.
649
Family TRIGLID.^.
THE GURNARDS.
Body
elongate, usually more or less fusiform, covered with scales

bony plates; head externally bony, entirely cuirassed with rough,
bony plates, some of which are armed with spines; eyes high; mouth
or
terminal or sid)inferior; premaxillaries protractile; maxillary with-
out supplemental bone, slipping under
tlie preorbital; teeth very

bands in the jaws, and usually on vomer and palatines; gills
4, a large slit behind the fourth; pseudobranchise present; gill rakers
various; gill membranes free from the isthmus; ventral fins thoracic,
small, in
\vdde apart, separated
by
spinous dorsal
without spines;
caudal narrow, few-rayed; pectoral large, with broad base, with 3
lower rays detached, forming feelers, which are used chiefl}" in the
search for food, in turning over stones, exploring shells, etc.; air
bladder present; pyloric caeca usually present, few in number. Singular looking fishes, found in all warm seas.
Species about 40, some
of them in rather deep water, these red in color, the others living about
rocks; .3 genera and 7 species known from the waters of Japan.
a flat area, their rays
I,
present, short; soft dorsal similar to the anal, which
KEY TO THE GENERA OF JAPANESE

a.
5;
is
TRIOLID.K.
Lateral line unarmed; no teeth on palatines.

Scales relatively large, about 50 to 65 in number: a row of spinous lûcklers along
h.
base of dorsal
Lepidotrigla, 8
Scales relatively small, more than 100 in the lateral line.
hb.
Base of both dorsals with a series of shields, each ending in a sharp spine directed
backward; opercular spine small; soft dorsal and anal long; dorsal rays
IX-16; anal 15: no anal spine
Chelidonichthys. 9
cc. Back with blunt shields along base of spinous dorsal Qnly; base of soft dorsal
unarmed; opercular spine very long; soft dorsal and anal short; dorsal rays
c.
VIII- 10; anal 11: anal spine distinct

8.
L< pidotrigla
Otohime, 10
LEPIDOTRIGLA
GvNTHER,
Gunther.
Cat. Fishes, II. 1800, p. 196 {aspera=cavillone).
much larger than

on vomer; no teeth on palatines; a row of
Scales moderate, about 45 to 55 in number, being

in Chelidonichthys; teeth
spinous bucklers along base of dorsal

of the family.
fin;
characters otherwise those
East Indies, South Seas, and Japanese and Chinese .seas; 5 species
the waters of Japan.
(XsTris, scale; rpiyXa, Trigla, classical name for MuUus harhatus,
known from
the
name
Trigla transferred to these fishes, for no evident reason.)
KEY TO
n.
SPECIES.
Pectorals short, not reaching middle of dorsal.

h.
Nasal prominences long, pointed, and divergent, the distance between them at
tips usually more than
times interorbital distance; dorsal IX-16 or 17; anal
16; scales 63; no dor.sal blotch
alata, \.\

650
vol. xxxiii.
Nasal prominences less developed, pointed or not, the notch between them shallow and the distance between their outer tips little more than the interorbital
hh.
distance,
if
any.
pectoral ray falling short of tip of ventral Vjy a distance about

equal to diameter of eye; dorsal VIII or IX-15 to 17; anal 15 to 17; scales
more than 60; a dark blotch between fourth and seventh spines of dorsal
miaoptera, 14
fm
Upper detached
c.
cc.
pectoral ray reaching almost or quite to tip of ventral; spinous
Upper detached
dorsal without a dark blotch.
Second dorsal spine much elongated, its length 1^ times that of third spine,
and its anterior edge strongly serrate nearly to tip; dorsal VII-16; anal 16;
scales 61; spinous dorsal without permanent blotch; though there may be
guntheri, 15
some specks present
dd. Second dorsal spine but very little longer than third, its anterior edge
smooth or very weakly serrate; dorsal VIII-15; anal 15; scales 56; no
d.
abyssalis, 16
blotch
dorsal
very long, reaching nearly

scales 55; no dorsal blotch
aa. Pectorals
13.
to
XX,
of dorsal; dorsal
VIII-15; anal 15;

japonica, 17
LEPIDOTRIGLA ALATA
KANAGASHIRA,
Trigla alata
end
(Houttuyn).
Metal Head.
Houttuyn, Verhandl. Hollandsch. Maatsch. Weetensch., Haarlem,
Deel
Trigla biirgeri
2,
1782, p. 320 (ca.), (Nagasaki).
Japon., Pise, p. 35,
pi.
xiv,
figs.
and 2 (Nagasaki). Richardson, Ichth. China and Japan, 1846, p. 218

(coasts of China and Japan). Gunther, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 198 (Japanese and Chinese seas). ^Bleeker, Niewe Nalez. Ichth. Japan, 1857, p. 73
(Nagasaki); Enum. Poiss. du Japon, 1879, p. 13 (Nagasaki; Shimoda).
Nystrom, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 13, IV, No. 4, 1887, p. 21 (Nagasaki).
Steindachner and Doderlein, Fische Japan's, 1887, IV, p. 261 (Tokyo;
Nagasaki). IsHiKAWA, Cat. Fishes Imp. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 47 (Nagasaki).
Lepidotrigla alata Jordan and Starks, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902, p.
1
596 (shores of southern Japan).
Habitat.
Head
South Japan, and north to Tokyo;
3.2 to 3.5;
China.
depth 4 to 4.3; D. IX-16 or 17; A. 16; scales 63;
eye 3.2 to 3.3; snout 2.1 to 2.2; maxillary 2.5; interorbital space 3 to
3.25; second dorsal spine 1.8 to 2; pectoral 1; ventral 1.2.
Snout with two long, pointed, divergent processes, the distance
between their apices nearly or quite twice the diameter of the pupil,
and the depth of the emargination equal to or greater than the width
of the pupil; interorbital space concave; pre-
and postocular spines
obsolete; an extremely small postocular cross groove; nuchal spine

short; opercular spine barely crossing gill-opening, humeral spine
quite long and sharp, reaching the vertical from the sixth dorsal
and third dorsal spines subequal, both shorter than in
spine; second
other Japanese Lepidotriglse; pectoral reaching vertical from third

ray of soft dorsal; upper pectoral appendage reaching about to tip of
ventral; dorsal scutes rather small, ending in sharp points.
Color in
life
clear red, with pale edgings;
"brick red
*;
belly, anal, and membranes of ventrals whitish; pectorals greenish

"Pectorals for the most
(Schlegel.)
yellow with reddish borders."
FISHES OF JAPANJORDAN AND RICHARDSON.
NO. 1581.
651
part milk-white externally, inside dusky violet with the exception of

the upper and the three undermost rays, which sliow a yellow shade."
(Steindachner.
This abundant species is readily recognized by

nasal prominences, and short spinous dorsal.
(alatd, winged.)
Fig.
7.
IjRPinoTRKir.A
its long,
diverging
a lata.
In the Museum of Stanford University are specimens as follows:

Nagasaki, 40 specimens, 3 to 8 inches; Wakanoura, 18 specimens,
3 to 4^ inches; Misaki, 1 specimen, 3f inches; Kobe, 5 specimens,
It was also seen at
2^ to 3 J inches; Tsushima, 1 specimen, 3 inches.
Tsuruga and Onomichi.

The above description
long, from Nagasaki.
14.
is
based on 2 specimens, 6 and 6^ inches
LEPIDOTRIGLA MICROPTERA
Giinther.
Gunther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1873, p. 241 (ShangGunther, Shore Fishes Challenger, 1879, p. 67 (Inland Sea of .Japan).
Namiye, Class. Cat., 1881, p. 101 (Tokyo). Steindachner and Doderlein,
Lepidotrigla microplera
hai).
Kennt. Fische Japan's (IV), 1887, p. 26.3 (Tokyo; Hakodate; Shanghai).Jordan and Starks, Bnll. U. S. Fish Com., XXII, 1902, p. 595
Beitr.
(localities at
conclusion of present description).
Lepidotrigla straucki
Steindachner, Ich.
Beitr.,
V, 1876, p. 166 (Hakodate).
Lepidotrigla scrridens 'H.iLG'Et^DOKF, G-es. Naturf. Freunde, 1879, p. 107 (Tokyo).
Nystrom, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., 1.3, IV, No. 4, 1887, p. 21 (Nagasaki).

Regan, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (7), XV, 1905, p. 22, (Inland
Lepidotrigla smithii
Sea
Habitat.
of
Japan).
Japan, north to Hakodate;
China.
depth 4.5 D.'' VHI or IX, 15 to 17; A.'' 15 to 17;

scales^ more than 60 (as a rule about 65); eye 3.5; snout 2.25;
Head
3.4;
0f 15 specimens examined (various localities), three had Vni-15, five VIII-16,

two VIII-17, one IX-16, tln-ee IX-17, and one IX-18.
b A. 17, Giinther;
of 14
16-18, Steindachner; 14, Regan (young sieciniens).
examined, three (young) had A. 15, five 16, and six 17.
Lat. line 75, Gunther; 65-66 (adults), 59-60 (young), Steindachner; 58-63,
<-
Regan (young).
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MU8EVM.
652
maxillary 2.3 to 2.6;

spine 1.4; pectoral
interorbital space 3.4 to 3.0;
ventral
vol.
xxxm.
second dorsal
1.2.
Snout moderately emarginate, the
lateral
prominences short and
sharp, consisting typically of a single spine on each side, or (in adults)

of a single prominence (or two) longer than the rest; preocular spines
very small, nearly obsolete; nuchal spine reaching past base of second
dorsal spine; opercular spine extending on anterior fifth of base of
humeral spine humeral spine long and sharp, reaching nearly to
base of filth dorsal spine; second dorsal spine but little (about oneeighth) longer than third and very weakly serrated, being as a rule
;
smooth for the outer fourth of its anterior edge; pectoral to vertical
from fifth ray of soft dorsal; u})per detached pectoral ray short,
missing the tip of the ventral by a distance about equal to diameter
of eye; dorsal scutes moderatel}^ developed, their spines short and
not very sharp.
Life color, bright brick red above, the belly abruptly white, the
by a silver line; fins red, or with some cream}'

white; a black blotch on the spinous dorsal between the fourth and
seventh spines; no blue. In preserved material the dorsal blotch
shows most plainly in young specimens (vmder 4 inches). In adults
junction marked
it is
sometimes almost wholly wanting."
This species differs plainly from both L. gilntheri and X. ahyssalis

in its shorter detached pectoral rays and in the presence of the
(usually) prominent tiark blotch between fourth and seventh spines
There appears to be no doubt that L. smithii Regan
of first dorsal.
Young specimens in our collections
is the young of this species.
from Nagasaki and Wakanoura have D. VIII-15 and A. 15. In one
of these the first (rudimentary) anal ray is but three-eighths of the
Regan's figure
second, and the second only two-thirds of the third.
shows the first spine fully five-sixths of the second, a condition we
have not observed in any specimen. As his specimens were all small
(7 to 9 cm.) it seems not impossible that he may have overlooked a
rudimentary spine. The dark longitudinal bar on the soft dorsal,
described by Regan, is a characteristic of young specimens, appearing
in two 3"Oung individuals 4 inches long in our collection from Aomori.
(/uiKpog, small;
Trrspov, wing,
i.
e., fin).
Specimens in the Stanford University Museum are fi'om localities

as follows: Tokyo, 3 specimens, 6| to 8 inches; Hakodate, 6 specimens, 3 1 to 7^ inches; Kobe, 3 specimens, 3 to 4 inches; Wakaspecimen, 3 inches; Nagasaki, 21 specimens, 3 to 4 inches;
Aomori, 13 specimens, 3 to 7^ inches; Hirosliima, 1 specimen, 3
inches; Tsumga, 115 specimens, 2 to 3| inches; ]\Iatsushima Bay,
station 3770, in 42 to 45 fathoms, 1 specimen, 8^ inches; Suruga
noura,
Steindachner says that the spot was wanting in adult specimens described by him
as L. strauchii.

NO. 1581.
Bay, station 3715,
off
Ose Point,
in 64 to 65
fathoms,
653
specimen, 5
inches.
This is the commonest species of the genus in Japan, except about

Nagasaki, where Lepidotrigla alata is more abundant. It extends its
range well to the northward. It is commonest about the shores,
although running also into deeper water.
The above description is based on two specimens, 11 and s inches
long, taken at
Aomori and Tokyo.
15.
LEPIDOTRIGLA GXJNTHERI
Hilgendorf.
untheri HihGENDORF, Gos. Naturf. Freunde,

Jordan and Starks, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., XXII,
Lepidotrigla
ties
(J
1879, p. 106(^Tokyo).
1902, p. 594.
(Locali-
given below.)
Lepidotrigla longipinnis
Steindachner and Doderleik,
Japan's, 1887, IV, p. 262, pi. iv,
fig. 1
Beitr.
Kennt. Fische
(Tokyo).
Habitat.
Japan, north to Tokyo.
Head, 3.25; depth, 4.4 to 4.6; D. VIII-15 or 16; A. 15 or
56-58: eye,
16;
(young) to 3.4; snout, 2.2; maxillary, 2.4;

interorbital space, 3.8 to 4; second dorsal spine, 1.25 (young) to 1.5;
scales,
pectoral, 1.2; ventral, 1.3.
Snout moderately emarginate, the lateral prominences rather broad

and unevenly serrated; interorbital space quite concave in young, in
adults the excavation forming a broad, almost flat-bottomed groove;
two small preocular spines; a low post ocular spine with a cross furrow behind it; nuchal spine reacliing to base of second dorsal spine,
its inner edge rather strongly serrate; opercular spine reaching but
little past opercular opening, humeral spine sharp, reaching past
fourth dorsal spine; pectoral reaching to vertical from base of fourth
soft dorsal ray; upper detached pectoral ray extending nearly to tip
of ventral; dorsal scutes strong, with long and sharp spines, these
becoming increasingly sharp posteriorly.
Color brown, with 3 brown cross shades, one under each dorsal and
one at base of caudal, these becoming fainter with age; young with
a blackisii bar at tip of caudal; pectoral black witliin; back mottled; no black dorsal spot, but sometimes a dusky cross shade on
dorsal; no sharp line on side bounding the pale color of belly.
This species is readily distinguished fi'om L. microptera by its different coloration, by its long, saw-edged second dorsal spine, better
developed cephalic armature, longer and sharper dorsal scutes, and
longer pectoral appendages.
For the differences between it and
L. abyssalis see the description of that species.
(Named
We
for Dr. Albert Gimther.)
have examined specimens fi*om the following locaHties Northwest Pacific, station 5070, Suruga Bay {Albatross, 1906), 108 fathoms, 1 specimen, 3 inches; Northwest Pacific, station 4876, Tsushima
:
Strait (Albatross, 1906), 59 fathoms, 9 specimens, IJ to 4i inches;
'
654
vol. xxxra.
1 specimen, 8 inches; Suruga Bay, off Ose Point, several

specimens, under 5 inches, taken in depths of from 60 to 500 fathoms; Totomi Bay, station 3727, under 5 inches; Yokohama, market,
Tokyo,
specimen, nearly a foot in length.

Measurements used in above description made on two specimens 8
and 5 inches long, taken at Tokyo and in Suruga Bay.
1
i6.
LEPIDOTRIGLA ABSYSSALIS Jordan
Lepidotrigla japonica
p. 23 (Nagasaki).
Lepidotrigla abyssalis
p. 595,
Habitat.
Head
fig.
and Starks.
NysTROM, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,
(Name preoccupied.)
Jordan and Starks, Bull. U.
S. PîsH
13,
IV, No.
4, 1887,
Com., XXII, 1902,
(Suruga Bay).
Japan, north to Tokyo, in rather deep water.
depth 4.2; D.VIII-15; A.15; scales 56; eye 3.16 in head;

snout 2.5; maxillary 2.75; interorbital space 4; first dorsal spine 2.1;
second dorsal spine 1.75; pectoral 1.1; ventral 1.25.
Snout almost truncate at tip, a sharp spine slightly projecting at
each angle; interorbital space rather deeply concave; a short narrow
cross furrow above posterior margin of eye, as in L. gilntheri; nuchal
spines and ridges little developed; humeral spine moderately strong,
reaching vertical from third dorsal spine; second dorsal spine somewhat longer than third, but more slender and much less elevated than
in L. guntheri; upper detached pectoral ray reaching tip of ventral,
which reaches to base of second anal ray, pectoral reacliing to vertical
from base of fifth ray of soft dorsal.
Color mottled red; pectoral bluish black, other fins without markings; no traces of a spot on spinous dorsal.
In its long pectoral appendages, postorbital furrow, and plain
colored spinous dorsal this species resembles L. guntheri. From that
species it differs, however, in its more slender dorsal spines and shorter
second spine, which is also not strongly serrated.
(a^vffffog, an abyss; in allusion to the deep water habitat of this
3;
species.)
We
have examined specimens from the following
localities
Station
One specimen, 4 inches (head

4904, Albatross, 1906, 107 fathoms.
not as smooth as in type of L. abyssalis: otherwise identical) Suruga
;
Bay, station 5713, 50 to 60 fathoms, one specimen, 3J inches.

The above description is condensed from the original description
by Jordan and Starks, who first described it from Cat. No. 51440,
U.S.N.M. This is apparently the species named japoiiica by Nystrom,
but there was already a japonica in this genus.
17.
LEPIDOTRIGLA JAPONICA
(Bleeker).
Prionotus japonicus Bleeker, Niewe Nalez. Ichth. Japan, 1857, p. 75,
pi. v,
Gunther, Cat. II, 1860, p. 196.

Lepidotrigla japonica Steindachner and Doderlein, Fische Japans, 1887, IV,
Jordan and Starks, Bull. U. S. Fish. Com.,
p. 264 (Oshima; Kagoshima).
XXII, 1902, p. 596, fig.; (Misaki). (Not of Nystrom).
fig.
1 (Japan).
NO. 1581.
Habitat.
Head
655
South Japan, north to Tokyo.
3.3;
depth
4.2;
D.IX-15; A.14;
scales 57; eye 3.25; snout 2.2;
maxillary 2.3; interorbital space 3.75;

dorsal spine 1.5; pectoral 0.6; ventral
first
dorsal spine 1.4; second
1.0.
Snout moderately emarginate, with a small secondary notch at

center, the angles without spine-like prominences; interorbital space
deeply concave; pre- and postocular spines little developed; a deep
postocular groove on each side; nuchal spine nearly to base of third
dorsal spine; opercular spine scarcely crossing gill opening; humeral
spine reaching past vertical from fourth dorsal spine; pectorals very
long, reaching to the eleventh or twelfth ray of soft dorsal; ventrals
past fourth anal ray; pectoral appendages short, the upper one
missing tip of ventral by a distance nearly equal to diameter of eye;
dorsal scutes moderately developed, with broad, flattish (not spinelike) points.
Preserved specimens show a rather sharp line separating the upper

from the lower silvery portion; spinous dorsal
with a diffused blotch between the fourth and seventh spines, and
with more or less dusky shade forward, especially near margin of fin
soft dorsal \\dth cross rows of faint dusky spots; pectoral black inside,
with scattered lighter spots; pectoral appendages with some dark
(darker) part of side
pigment midway
of their length.
(japonicus, Japanese.)
The long pectoral fins of tliis species separate it unmistakably from

the other species of Lepidotrigla found in Japan.
Specimens have been examined from the following localities: Nagasaki,
market,
specimen, 4 inches (1906); Misaki,
specimen, 4^
Wakanoura, 4 specimens, 3 to 4 inches.

The above measurements were made on a Misaki specimen, 4^
inches;
inches.
9.
CHELIDONICHTHYS
ChdidonichOiys Kaup, Archiv.
f.
Kaup.
Naturgeschichte 1873, p. 87 (hirundo).
Scales small, no long shields along lateral line.
Each
dorsal fin \vith a series of spine-tipped sliields along its base
opercular spine small; dorsal rays IX-16; anal 15; anal spine wanting.
This genus, like the next (Otohime) differs markedly from
Lepidotrigla in the smaller scales.
From the closely related European
genus, Trigla, this genus differs in the
American genus,
unarmed
lateral line.
Prionotufi, has palatine teeth, these being
The
wanting
Characters otherwise those of the family.

of Europe, Africa, and
India; ranging north to Japan.
(XsXiSgov, swallow; ix^v<;, hsh.)
in the old-world gurnards.
The numerous
Proc. N.
M.
species
vol. xxxiii
abound on the coasts
07
42
656
i8.
CHELIDONICHTHYS KUMU
HOKO
(Sword),
KUROHOBO
humu Lesson and Garnot, Voy.

(New Zealand, "le grande Bale des
Trigla
VOL. xxxin.
(Lesson and Garnot.)
(Black Gurnard).
Coquille, Poiss., 1830, p. 214, pi. xix
lies").
Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 50 (advance printing of description of Lesson

p. 27
(New Zealand; Bay
Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Japon.
Pise, 1843, p. 37,
and Garnot).
of Islands).
Jenyns, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, 1842,
Bleeker, Niewe Nalez. Ichth. Japan, 1857, p. 74

Gxjnther, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 204 (New Zealand to coast
(Nagasaki).
of China). Namiye, Class. Cat., 1881, p. 101 (Tokyo).Macle ay. Cat.
Austral. Fishes, I, 1881, p. 225 (Port Jackson).
Nystrom, Svensk. Vet.Akad. Handl-., 13, IV, No. 4, 1887, p. 21 (Nagasaki). Steindachner and
DoDERLEiN, Beitr. Kennt. Fische Japan's, 1887, IV, p. 265 (no locality).
IsHiKAWA, Cat. Fishes Imp. Mus. (Tokyo), 1897, p. 47 (Tokyo).
Trigla spinosa McClelland, Calc. Journ. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 396, pi. xxii, fig. 2
(China).
Richardson, Ichth. China and Japan, 1846, p. 218 (Chusan).
XIV (seas
pi.
of Japan).
(?) Trigla pictipinnis
K AW, Archiv. fiirNaturgesch., 1873. p. 87 (Barbados) (locality
erroneous).
Triglakumu dorsomaculata
STEn<!DACHi<i.R, Ich. Beitr., V. p. 168, 1876 (Chi-fu).
Japan, north to Aomori
China also from AustraHa and

one of the common food fishes.
Head, 3.3; depth, 5.25 to 5.60; D. IX-16; A. 15 or 16; eye, 4.5 to
4.6; interorbital'^ space, 5.8 to 6; snout, 2.2; maxillary, 2.3; second
Habitat.
New
Zealand, where
it is
dorsal spine, 1.8; pectoral, 0.6 to 0.8; ventral, 1.2.
fidl
comparison of Japanese and Australian specimens
is
shown
in the following; table:
Dimensions.
Port Jack-
MisaM
son, 5 to 8|
inches.
7i inches.
Head
Depth
Dorsal
Anal
Sagami,
Tokyo,
9 inches.
3.50
5.00
3.30
5.25
3.25
5.60
IX-15
IX-16
IX-16
.15
.16
.15
4.33
7.10
2.25
2.20
1.66
0.75
1.16
4.50
6.00
2.16
2.30
1.80
0.60
1.16
4.60
5.80
2.20
2.30
1.80
0.80
1.20
Scales
Eye
iriterorbital space
Snout
Maxillary
Second dorsal spine
Pectoral
Ventral
Snout rather long, as a rule, with an evident emargination in front,

and produced over the maxillaries a distance about
equal to their width (toothed portion); interorbital space concave,
the angles serrated
o Japanese
and Australian specimens varied
as follows in
width
of interorbital space:
Six specimens, Tokyo: 5.80, 6.10, 6.20, 6.30, 6.30, 6.50 (5 to 8 inches); 2 specimens,
Port Arthur: 6.3: 6.6 (8 inches); 2 specimens, Tsuruga: 6.2, 6.3 (5 inches); 1 specimen,
Misaki: 6.3, 6.6 (7 inches): 1 specimen. Port Jackson: 7.10 (82 inches); 1 specimen,
Port Jackson: 7
(5 inches); 1
specimen, Port Jackson: 6.50 (6^ inches).
NO. 1581.
AND
RJCJIARJJSON.
657
rather wider than in specimens of C. Jcuwu from AustraUa; two short

but strong preocular spines, a low postocular spine, with a very shal-
low cross-furrow behind
nuchal spine not reaching to front of

gill opening; humeral spine
about to vertical from fourth dorsal spine; second and third dorsal
spines subequal; posterior margin of spinous dorsal nearly straight;
pectoral to tenth ray of soft dorsal; upper pectoral appendage missing
tip of ventral by a distance equal to two-thirds diameter of eye; dorsal scutes moderate, their points not long and sharp.
Color in life olivaceous, the deep lustrous blue of the inner side of
the pectoral fins very conspicuous preserved specimens have the back
(m adults) more or less coarsely mottled or blotched a plain line separates the upper color from the paler whitish (silvery) of the belly;
young specimens have the back crossed with three or four broad,
obliquely disposed, and rather obscure cross-bands; spinous dorsal in
adults with some dusky on outer margin; soft dorsal with its outer
third dusky; caudal with a diffused dark blotch posteriorly; pectoral
inky blue inside, with a narrow pale outer margin, and with its inner
lower third, or entire lower half, darker in color than the rest of the fin
and marked with from 6 to 20 light-colored spots.
(kumu, the native Maori name of this fish in New Zealand.)
We are unable to separate this common Japanese fish from the
species Kumu, which is one of the best known food fishes of New
Zealand and Australia.
Specimens of this species from Port Jackson (Sytlney) dift'er from
the Japanese form in having the snout less emarginate and its angles
less produced, scarcely extending over the retracted maxillaries; in
Port Jackson specimens the interorbital space is slightly narrower (7
to 7.10 in head) than in Japanese individuals; a single specimen
from Sydney (6} inches long) has the interorbital space as broad as in
some Japanese specimens (6.50 in head). The coloration of the pectoral fins varies in these specimens, the one just noted and the
small one from Port Jackson having only 8 to 12 spots, gathered in a
dark blotch on the lower inner third of the fin, as in the figure of
Lesson; while the larger Port Jackson specimen has the spots 18 or 20
in number and scattered over the lowêr two-thirds of the fin.
This
amount of variation in the markings of Australian specimens would
seem to break down the distinction between humu and sjnnosus as
made out by Gtinther (Cat., II, p. 204), following McClelland. If a
it;
dorsal; opercular spine barelj^^ crossing
'
is to be made of the Japaneseevidently impossible to establish it in color markNevertheless, we shall not be surprised if slight but perma-
separate species or subspecies (spinosus)
Chinese form
ings.
it
is
nent differences in form should be made out, in winch case the

Japanese species will stand as Ohelidonichthys spinosus.

658
We
vol. xxxni.
have" examined specimens from localities as follows: Kobe, 7
specimens, 4^ to 5^ inches; Tokyo, 15 specimens, 5 to 8i inches;

Tokyo, market, 6 specimens, 5 to 6 inches; Nagasaki, 4 specimens, 5 to
Kagoshima,
6 inches;
specimen, 6 inches; Kawatana,
specimen,
5^ inches; Misaki, 2 specimens, 6 to 7 inches; Aomori, 29 specimens,

2 to 3 inches; Tsuruga, 6 specimens, 3^ to 5 inches.
Here described from two specimens, 7^j and 9 inches long, from
Misaki and Tokyo, respectively. Jordan and wSnyder observed specimens also at Wakanoura, Hakodate, and Matsushima.
OTOHIME
lO.
Otohime Jordan and
Stakks,
Jordan and Starks.
Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus.,
XXXII,
1907,
13,
p.
(hemisticta.)
Back with blunt

dorsal
shields along base of spinous dorsal; base of soft
unarmed; opercular spine very long; dorsal rays VIII-10;
anal 11; a distmct anal spine; scales small as in ChelidonicJithys,

with no transverse bony plates along lateral line; no palatine teeth,
characters otherwise those of family.
{Otohime, a goddess of fishes, in Japanese folk-lore.)
OTOHIME HEMISTICTA
19.
KANADO,
figs.
Japan,
Schlegel).
Metal Fish.
Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Japon. Pise,
Trigla hemisticta
XIV,
(Temminck and
and
1846,
p.
4; pi.
218
xiv
(Nagasaki).
(Canton).Gunther, Cat. Fishes,
(after Schlegel ).Nystrom,
1847, p. 36, pi.
Richardson, Ichth. China and
Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl.,
II,
13,
1860,
p.
201
IV, 1887, No.
4,
p. 21 (Nagasaki).
Otohime hemisticta, Jordan and Starks, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,

(Misaki or Awa, outside bay of Tokyo).
p. 132, fig.
Head (without
XXXII,
1907,
opercular or rostral spines), 2.75; depth at occiput
4.50; eye 3 in head; maxillary 2; D. VIII-10; A,I,11; scales 105.
General form of body as in the species of Chelidonichtliys and

Lepidotrigla, the scales being very small, as in the former genus
oper-
cular spine very long; fourth dorsal spine longest; pectoral reaching
to opposite base of third anal ray; longest detached pectoral ray not
reaching to tip of ventral.
Color, in alcohol, gray above, clouded or vaguely blotched and

specked with dark; lower portion of sides and belly abruptly white;
spinous dorsal with a large and well-defined dark spot between the
fourth and sixth spines.
This species has very recently been fully redescribetl l)y Messrs.
Jordan and Starks on the basis of a specimen brought from Yokohama
by Mr. Pierre Louis Jouy, and probably caught at Misaki or Awa,
outside the ])ay of Tokyo.
Its generic characters, together with the
FISHES OF JAPAN JORDAN AND lUCHABDSON.
N0.1681.
above
which
brief description,
Starks, are sufficient for

(Vyt^z,
its
(')r)9
condensed from that of Jordan and
is
recognition.
(jtiktos, speckled.)
half;
from Misaki or Awa, S inches,
single specimen,
(ât.
No. 56482,
U.S.N.M.
Family PERISTEDIID.E.
Body
bony plates, each of which

head bony; each preorbital produced
process, which projects more or less beyond the
elongate, fusiform, covered with
armed with
is
a strong spine;
into a long, flat
mouth; mouth small, inferior, like that of a sturgeon; teeth none;

lower jaw provided with barbels; gill membranes separate, narrowly
joined to the isthmus anteriorly;
gill rakers slender; dorsal fin continuous or divided; pectoral fin short, with the 2 lower-most rays
detached; ventrals I, 5, separated by a broad, flat area; air bladder
simple; pyloric caeca about 10; color generally red.
Deep-sea fishes,
bearing some resemblance to young sturgeons.
Two genera, with about a dozen species. Mediterranean, tropical
Atlantic, East Indian, and Chinese and Japanese seas.
One genus
and 3 species known from Japan.
11.
Peristedion
PERISTEDION
Lacepede,
Lacepede.
Hist. Nat. Poiss., Ill, 1802. p. .368 (inalannat=catapirac-
tum).
Peristethus
Kaup, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 103 (cataphrartas);
amended
spelling.
Barbels large, forming large fringed tufts at angles of mouth and on

lower jaw; dorsal fins 2; characters otherwise included above.
(Iispi, around; (jryBiov^ diminutive of (JTrjHoc;^ breast; the lu-east
being mailed.)
Three species known from the waters of Japan.

KEY TO
No
a.
SPECIES.
spine above muzzle or in middle of forehead; caudal peduncle with 2 series of
plates underneath.
Dorsal VIII-20; anal 20; head narrow,
h.
its
width
2.2 in its length; nasal processes
3.75 to 4.25 in head; longest barbel less than one-third of head; preopercular
angle blunt, without spine; color reddish brown, the back with conspicuous
blackish vermiculations; pectorals with 2 or 3 black cross
liars;
edges with black

bb.
Dorsal VI-20; anal 22; head broad,
spinous dorsal
orientale, 20
its
width 3.25 in the length
to base of caudal;
nasal processes 6.5; short; longest barbel two-thiixls of head; preopercular

shield ending behind in a long spine; color brownish (probably red in
aa.
life),
without black spots or marb lings; pectoral and spinous dorsal black. amiscus, 21
single spine in middle of forehead; under side of caudal peduncle with 4 series
of plates; D.VI-19; A. 17; head, back, and sides with small round dots: spines
and rays of dorsals dotted with brown
neffeli, 22
FROCEEDINdS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.
660
20.
PERISTEDION ORIENTALE Temminck
KIHOBO
(Yellow Gurnard),
Peristedion unentale
pi.
XIV,
figs.
TSUNO KANAGASHIRA
and Schlegel.
(Horned Metal-head).
Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Japon. Pise,

and
pi.
6;
xiv A,
figs.
vol. xxxin.
and
(Nagasaki).
1843, p. 37,
Jordan and
(Suruga Bay).
S. Fish Comm., XXII, 1902, p. 593, fig.
Kaup, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 105, pi. viii,
GuNTHER, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 219 (after Schlegel). Namiye,
fig. 2.
Ishikawa, Cat. Fishes Imp. Mus. Tokyo,
Class. Cat., 1881, p. 101 (Tokyo).
Starks, Bull. U.
Peristethus
orientale
1897, p. 47 (Tokyo; Ajiro).
Hahitat.
Head
Japan, north
to
Tokyo,
in deep water.
2.66 in length without caudal; depth 6.5; width of head 2.2
in its length; eye 4.8 to 5.2; interorbital space
somewhat divergent, the distance between
their
eye; snout 1.66 in

head; nasal processes 3.75 to 4.25 (adult); longest barbel 3.8; D.
VIII-20; A. 20; pectoral 2.3 in head; ventral 2.16; plates in upper
lateral series 34 or 35.
Body about as wide as the head anteriorly, rather long, gradually
tapering; 4 rows of long scutes on each side, each ending in a spine;
spines of ventral and dorsal row of scutes becoming gradually smaller
backward, those of the ventral series obsolete on the last 10 or 12
scutes; head little wider than front of body; nasal processes always
tips
sometimes
nearly twice their distance apart at base, even when the opercles are
completely closed; lower lateral rim of cephalic shield narrow, shelf-
margin nearly straight, except for slight serrations, from the

base of the nasal process to the angle of the preopercle, which is
rounded and wholly without projecting spine; opercle with a blunt
like, its
spine, preceded
by
a low minutel}" serrated ridge; no spine in front of
eye; two blunt postorbital points, and two short occipital spines,
with blunt points; no spines on muzzle; each lower jaw with a

branched, brush-like barbel at its outer angle, inside of and behind
wliich are
many
shorter single barbels, in a tuft-like cluster; the
branched barbel reaching half way to base of pectorals.

Spinous dorsal beginning immediately behind first (fused) pair
of
dorsal scutes; the depressed fin reaching to base of second ray of soft
under third ray of soft dorsal and extending

about one plate behind it pectoral reaching to tip of spine of tenth
upper lateral scute; longest free pectoral ray extending slightly
dorsal; anal inserted
beyond pectoral; ventrals barely reaching vent; caudal emarginate.

Body and head covered with vermiculations of dark brown; pectoral with 2 or 3 dark cross bars and a blotch on the upper base a
dark marginal streak of blackish on spinous dorsal soft dorsal with
2 rows of dark dots, the upper row forming a more or less continuous^
submarginal streak on both rays and membranes; lower parts pale,
;
yellowish.
Ko.l&si.
661
(orientalis, eastern.)
Of
we have examined specimens from
this species
Misald,
specimen, 7 inches; Tokyo,
locaHties as
specimen, 7 inches,
and 1 specimen, 2h inches; off Tokyo Bay, 2 specimens, 7 inches;
Station 3707, Siiruga Bay, off Ose Point, 68 to 70 fathoms, 1 specimen,
8 J inches, and 4 specimens, 4 to 6 inches; Station 3708, Suruga Bay,
off Ose Point, 65 to 125 fathoms; Station 3715, Suruga Bay, off Ose
Point, 64 to 65 fathoms, 2 specimens, 4 to 6 inches; Stations 3716 and
3717, Suruga Bay, off Ose Point, 65 to 125 fathoms; Station 5070,
Suruga Bay (Albatross 1906), 1 specimen, 4^ inches.
Here described from measurements made on a specimen from
Station 3707, Suruga Bay, 8f inches long, and 2 specimens, 7 inches
follows:
long,
from Tokyo and

21.
p. 593, pi.
Habitat.
Head
IVIisaki.
PERISTEDION AMISCUS Jordan
Peristedion amiscus
Ill,
Jordax and Starks,

1
figs.
and
and Starks.
Bull. U. S.
FishComm., XXII,
1902,
(Sagami Bay).
Japan (Sagami Bay), in deep water.
2.5 in length to base of caudal;
depth
5.5;
width
of
head
eye 4.25; snout 1.83; nasal prominences 6.5; longest barbel

1.33; D. VI-20; A. 22; pectoral 1.83; ventral 2.5; plates 36.
Body fusiform, tapering, with 4 rows of bony scutes on either side,
each ending in a hooked spine ventral row with spines much smaller
except anteriorly; along posterior part of anal the spine is very low
but evident; lower lateral row beginning just anterior to tip of pectoral and ending at base of lower caudal rays; dorsal row beginning
at nape just within the large parietal spine and ending at base of upper
caudal rays.
Head very broad, depressed, and expanded around the edges;
anterior processes much divergent and tapering, the distance between
their tips twice the length of one process; lateral wing of cephalic
shield with two blunt spines, 1 opposite anterior and 1 opposite posterior orbital margin; preopercle with a long spine, two-thirds length
of eye, preceded by a sharp ridge and extending posteriorly to all other
parts of the head; opercle with a small, short, sharp spine, preceded
by a low, sharp ridge; a small spine over front of eye, over posterior
part of it a high spine; a very high and sharp occipital spine, twothirds diameter of eye no spines above muzzle lower jaw with many
barbels, the outermost a long, branched, brush-like appendage over
two-tliirds the length of the head and reacliing nearly to the vent.
Spinous dorsal beginning between second and third spines of dorsal
series of plates; tips of dorsal spines when depressed reaching to base
of second dorsal ray; anal extending posteriorly beyond soft dorsal,
its origin opposite that of the latter; tip of pectoral reaching fifteenth
3.25;
662
vol.
xxxm.
spine of upper lateral series of plates; ventrals reaching just past
middle of vent; caudal concave, its length 2.75 in head.

Color brown, probably red in life, with no black spots or marblings
except a spot behind eye and a few dark edgings on ridges of head;
pectoral black, pale-edged below; spinous dorsal black; soft dorsal,
caudal, and ventral mottled a dusky shade below last rays of soft
(After Jordan
dorsal; outer barbels of mouth black on distal half.
;
and
Starks.)
One specimen, the type. Cat. No. 51428, U.S.N.M., from Station
3698, off Manazuru Point, Sagami Bay, in 153 fathoms.
(ajuiffKos, a
diminutive of ^MV, shovel.)
PERISTEDION RIEFFELI
22.
Peristethus rieffeli
Kaup,
nese insect boxes?).

Peristedion
rieffeli
(Kaup).
Proc. Zool. Soc. Loncl., 1859, p. lOG, pi. viii,
Gunther,
fig.
3 (Chi-
Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 219.
Smith and Pope, Proc. U.
S. Nat.
Mus.,
XXXI,
1906, p. 488
(Urado, Uchinoura Bay, Kagoshima).
Habitat.
Southern Japan, Uchinoura Bay, Kagoshima, Urado, to
China.
Head 2J; D. VI-19; A". 17; lateral line 32; preorbital processes 2
in distance from their extremities to the anterior margin of orbit; a
single spine in the middle of the forehead, a pair of obtuse ones
above
the posterior angle of the orbit, and another pair of larger ones on
the posterior extremity of the occipital bones; anterior ventral plates
irregularly shaped, longer than broad; lateral ridge of
ercle?) terminating posteriorly in a
very long,
head (preop-
flat spine;
length of
remainder of
with two additional
snout, without preorbital processes, equal to that of
head; two pairs of barbels; lower side of tail

series of plates, separated by the anal fin; pectoral reaching to fifth
plate of dorsal series,- ventral to tliird abdominal plate; very small
round dots visible on the head, back, and sides; spines and rays
of dorsal fins dotted with brown (condensed from description of
Gunther.)
This species should be readily distinguished from Peristedion orientale by the single spine on the upper surface of the snout (not shown
in Kaup's figure, however), by the difference in color, and by the
presence of the two additional series of plates below the base of the
caudal
We
fin.
have no specimens
original description
of this rare species.
by Kaup
Since the time of
in 1859 no specimens
came
its
to the notice
when Smith obtained a single specimen

Urado and found two others in the Commercial Museum at
Kagoshima.
(Named by Kaup for ''my true and excellent friend, De Rieffel."
of ichthyologists until 1903,
at
NO. 1581.
FISHES OFJAPANJORDAXAXDRICIIARDSOX.
Family
GCiS
CEPHALACANTHID^.
THE FLYING GURNARDS,
Body elongate,
quadrangular,
its
subqiiadrangiilar, tapering behind
head very blunt,
surface almost entirely bony; nasals, preorbitals,
suborbitals, and bones of top of head united into a shield; nuchal

part of shield on each side produced backward in a bony ridge, ending
in a strong spine, which reaches past front of dorsal; interocular
space deeply concave; preorbitals forming a projecting roof above the
jaws; preopercle produced in a very long rough spine; cheeks and
opercles with small scales; opercle smaller than eye; gill openings
narrow, vertical, separated by a very broad, scaly isthmus; pseudobranchiae large; gill rakers minute; mouth small, lower jaw included;
jaws with granular teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines; scales

bony, strongly keeled; 2 serrated, knife-like appendages at base of
tail; first dorsal of 4 or 5 rather high flexible spines, in some forms
preceded by 1 or more free spines; an immovable spine between the
dorsals; anal and second dorsal short, of slender rays; caudal small,
lunate; pectoral fins divided nearly to the base, into 2 parts, the
anterior portion about as long as the head, of about 6 rays, closely
connected; the posterior and larger portion more than twice length
of head, reaching nearly to caudal in the adult; much shorter in the
young; these rays very slender, simple, wide apart at tip; ventral
rays I, 4, the long fins pointed, their bases close together, the inner
rays shortest; air bladder with 2 lateral parts, each with a large
muscle; pyloric caeca numerous; vertebrae 9-1-13=22; myodome
undeveloped, the cranial cavity mostly closed in front by expansions
fi'om the subtectals, suturally connected with corresponding expansions of the prootics and the parasphenoid prosethmoid and anteal
entirely disconnected, leaving a capacious rostral chamber opening
backward mesially into the interorbital region; infraorbital chain
with its second and third bones crowded out of the orbital margin
by junction of the first and fourth, and leaving a wide interval
between the suborbitals and preoperculum; the first very long and
extending backward, the second under the fourth, and the third
developed as a small special bone (pontinal) bridging the interval
between the second suborbital and the antero-interior angle of the
preoperculum; post-temporal suturally connected with the posterior
bones of the cranium, and with the upper surface forming a large
part of the roof of the head; intermaxillaries with well-developed
ascending pedicles gliding into the cavity between the anteal and
prosethmoids postero-temporal distant from the proscapula, and
manifest as an ossicle on the edge of the post-temporal.
Warm seas, in both oceans 4 genera and 4 species known from the
waters of Japan.
;
FROCEEDimiS OF THE NATIONAL MWEUM.
664
vol. xxxiii.
A KEY TO GENERA OF FAMILY CEPHALACANTHID^.

a.
Lateral line wanting.
Occiput without elongate ray-like free spine; continuous spinous dorsal preceded by two semi-paired rays, which fold backward on either side of the fin.
b.
Cephalacanthus (Atlantic species)
Occiput with an elongate ray-like free spine,

c. A detached finlet of one spine, between elongate spine at occiput and the spinous dorsal proper
Dactyloptena, 12
cc. No detached finlet in front of spinous dorsal and behind occipital spine.
bh.
Daicocus, 13
developed; occipital spine and detached dorsal finlet present.

Ebisinus (Species East Indian)
aa. Lateral line
In
view
new generic distinctions

known genera and species of this
of the introduction of
include reference to
all
the
CEPHALACANTHUS
in this paper,
we here
interesting family.
Lacepede.
Cephalacanthus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss, VI, 1802, p. 5 {spinarella=volitans)

Dactylopterus L.4cepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss, VI, 1802, p. 8 (pirapeda^=volitans)
Cep/iacanrKa
Head with
Rafinesque, Anal. deNat.,
1815, p. 85 (substitute for Cephalacanthus).
upper surface and sides entirely bony; the scapular shield and- the
angle of the preoperculum produced backward as long spine-like processes; body covered with scales, those on the sides and back strongly keeled; lateral line absent; two
dorsal fins, the lirst two rays of the spinous dorsal nearly detached and inserted pairedwise in front of the first true spine so that they may be folded backward one on each
side of the fin; pectoral fins very long; no ray-like filament on occiput.
its
{KecpcxX?} head] cxKaiÔa, a spine).
Atlantic and neigliboring seas; one species known.
CEPHALACANTHUS VOLITANS
Trigla volitans Linn.eus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed.,
1,
(Linnaeus).
1758, p. 296 ("Mari Mediterraneo
Oceanio, Pelago inter tropicos, in Asia ad Cap. b. Spei").
enciennes, Hist. Nat.
Cuvier and Val-
IV, 1829, p. 138.

Gasterosteus spinarella Linnûs, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., X, Pt. 1, 1758, p. 297
("habitat India" error in locality; should be Surinam. See Cuvier and
Poiss.,
Valenciennes, IV, p. 138).

Cephalacanthus spinarella Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VI, 1802, p. 5. Cuvier
and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829, p. 138, pi. lxxvii. Stein-
DACHNER, Ichth. Span. u. Portugal, IV, 1867, pp. 91-92, pi. ii, fig. 2; pi. iv,
fig. 2. LuTKEN, Spol. Atl., Fiske, 1880, pp. 417-428 and 590-591, pi. i, figs. 1-5
Dactylopterus pirapeda Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., VI, 1802, p. 8.
Dactylopterus volitans Gijnther, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 221.
Cephalacanthus volitans
Jordan and Evermann,
Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 47,
II, 1898, p. 2183, pi. cccxxiii, fig. 778.
Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean.
EBISINUS Jordan and Richardson, new genus.

Ebisinus
Jordan and Richardson, new genus
of
Cephalacanthidse {cheirophthal-
mus).
This genus differs from Cephalacanthus, Dactyloptena, and Daicocus in the presence
well-developed lateral line. The spinous dorsal is preceded by a single detached
of a

12.
DACTYLOPTENA
665
Jordan and Richardson, ne-w genus.
This genus differs from Cephdlacanthns " in having the spinous

by a detached Unlet, consisting of one spine and
a fully developed posterior membrane. With that genus and with
Daicocus it agrees in possessing no lateral line. A long ray-like filadorsal fin preceded
ment behind the
(Iiaracters otherwise those of the family.
occiput.
{ScYKTi'Xos, finger; Trreyog, winged.)
Japan, Hawaii, and the East Indies; a single species known.

Dactyloptena orientalis.
Type of genus.
spine and there
is
which the present genus
a long occipital ray as in Dactyloptena, to
seems most nearly related.

{Ebisu, the Japanese fish-god, god
of the lish markets,
from EbisK a barbarian or
foreigner.)
East Indies and Philippines; a single species known; a second

taken by Gilbert and Snyder at Nagasaki.
EBISINUS CHEIROPHTHALMUS
(Bleeker).
Blekkeu, Nat. Tyds. Ned.
Dactylo-pterus vheiwphthalmiis
494 (Banda Neira).

Dactylopterus macracanthus Bleeker,
(as yet undescril)ed)
Ind., VII, Oct. 1854,
p.
p. 449 (Macassar in mari.
Bijdr.
Ichth. Celebes, VI, Nov.
GiJNTHER, Cat, Fishes,
II,
1854,
1860, p. 223 (Molucca
Sea) (after Bleeker).
8 Ebisinus
Fig.
cheirophthalmus.
Dactylopterus chiropJdhalmus GIjnther, Cat. Fishes, II, 1860, p. 223 (Sea of
(Amended spelling).
Cephalacanthus macracanthus Jordan and Seale, Bidl.
Banda
Neira) (after Bleeker).
IT. S.
Fish Comm.,
XXVI,
1906, p. 40 (Manila, Cavite, Panay).
Molucca and Philippine Seas.

a Characters of the
genus to
lacanthidse, preceding.
l)e
found in footnote to key to genera
of
family Cepha-
rnOCEEDIXaS of the national museum.
660
23.
DACTYLOPTENA ORIENTALIS
SEMIHOBO
vol.
xxxm.
(Cuvier and Valenciennes.)
(Cicada Square-head, or Gurnard.)
Cuvier and Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. Poiss., IV, 1829,

Temminck and Schlegel, Faun. Japon.
p. 134,pl.LXXvi (Indian Ocean).
Pise, 1843, p. 37, pi. xvA (seas of Japan and China). Richardson, Ichth.
China and Japan, 1848, p. 218 (Japanese and Chinese seas). GDnther, Cat.
Fishes, II. 1860, p. 222 (China; Japan; Amboyna; Cape seas).
Shore Fishes
Challenger, 1880, p. 42 (Arafura Sea).Namiye, Class. Cat., 1881, p. 101
(Tokyo). IsHiKAWA, Cat. Fishes Imp. Mus. Tokyo, 1897, p. 47 (Kagoshima).
Dactylopterus japonicus Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind., VII, 1854, p. 396 (Waka,
Japan). Niewe Nalez. Ichth. Japan, 1857, p. 72 (Nagasaki, in mari).
Cephalacanthus orientalis Jordan and Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm.,
XXIII, 1905, Pt. I, p. 473, fig. 208 (Hawaiian Islands).
Dactylopterus oricntaUs
South Japan, East Indies, and Hawaii.

Head, 4.10 in length; depth, 5.50; snout, 2.75 in head; eye, 3,33;
Habitat.
maxillary, 2.25; interorbital space, 2; D. I-I, V, 1-8; A., 7; P., 33;

V. 5; scales, 47 in longitudinal and 21 in transverse series to edge of
belly.
Body
elongate, depressed, the lower surface flattened, head broad,
depressed, squarish in cross section; interorbital space concave,
its
depth at middle equal to the width of the pupil; eye slightly nearer
to end of snout than to upper corner of gill opening; side of head
above produced backward in a long bony shield, ending in a keeled
point opposite the base of the second spine of the continuous spinous,
dorsal; the distance between the apices of the scapular processes contained about IJ times in the depth of the notch between them, which
forms an acute angle preopercle with a backwardly directed spinous
process, whose tip reaches barely to base of ventrals in' adults, but is
somewhat longer in young; first (detached) spinous ray of dorsal fin
originating just behind occiput, and greatly elongated, its tip reaching nearly to the back of the continuous spinous dorsal; second
detached ray forming a spmous finlet with a well developed membrane, inserted directly in front of the continuous spinous dorsal, and
of about half its height; spinous dorsal (the continuous fin) slightly
higher than soft dorsal; a short keel-like spine in the space between
the two fins; origin of anal about midway between base of caudal
and gill-opening; caudal truncate; pectorals large and greatly elongated, their tips reaching past the base of the caudal and sometimes
to its tip, the ends of the long median rays prolonged more or less as
caudal peduncle long and depressed, its length
short filaments;
nearly equal to head; lower side of posterior part of trunk with 4 of
the keel-like scales enlarged and movable, the first enlarged scale
being opposite vent; base of caudal fin furnished with two paii's of
movable keeled scales, one upper and one lower; lateral line wanting.
Color in alcohol dull purplish brown, with rather large dark round
spots on the back of about size of ])upil, and with lower surface whit;
NO.
FISHES OF JAPANJORDAN
1.581.
AND RICHARDSON.
867
rays of spinous and soft dorsal and pectorals banded from the
base outward wdth alternating pale and dusky; pectoral membranes
blackish wdth irregular grayish spots; tips of pectoral rays whitish.
Color in life (Hawaii), drab above, white below; orange spots,
ish;
smaller than pupil over top of head and back; caudal with 4 golden
bands, pectoral covered with spots of dusky golden, larger posteriorly; a yellow band on upper part of spinous dorsal, curved with the
concave side toward base; spinous dorsal with spots of dusky golden;
soft dorsal transparent, with alive shades on rays; ventrals golden;
anal transparent, golden-shaded.
{orientalis, eastern.)
We
have examined specimens from
9 specimens,
.3
to 4 inches;
localities as follows:
Wakanoura,
Nagasaki,
4 specimens, 3 to 5 inches;
Hawaii, 10 specimens.
There seems to be no specific differences
separating the latter from the Japanese form.
Described from 3 adult specimens, 8 to 10 inches long, taken at
Hawaiian
Hilo,
13.
Islands.
DAICOCUS
new
genus.
This genus agrees with CepJialacardhus and Dactyloptena in the

absence of the lateral line, and with the last-named genus in possessing a long filamentous spine on the occiput.
It differs from both of
those genera in lacking a detached spine in front of the spinous dorsal.
Characters otherwise those of the famih^
Seas of Japan; one species.
(Named
companion
of
Haiidl., 13, IV, No.
4,
for Daikoku, the luck-god, the inseparable
Ebisu, the fish-god in Japanese folklore).
Type of genus.
Daicocus peterseni.
24.
DAICOCUS PETERSENI
HOBO
Dactylopterus peterseni
iNystrom).
(Square-head.)
Nystrom, Svensk. Vet.-Akad.
p. 24 (Nagasaki).
Habitat.
Head
illary
South Japan, Misaki to Nagasaki,
3.80 in length; depth 5; snout 2.60 in head; eye 3.60;
2.50;
interorbital space 2; D.
I-V-I-8; A.
max-
6; P. 33; V. 5;
scales 46-20.
Body
elongate,
depressed,
]>elly
flattened;
head
broad
and
depressed, squarish in section; interorbital space less concave than
depth in middle being only al)out twobetween tij) of

snout antl upper corner of gill opening; distance between apices of
scapular shields contained
times in the depth of the notch between
them, which is acute; tips of shields reaching to opposite second ray
in Dactyloptena orientalis, the
thirds width of ])upil; eye almost exactly equidistant
of spinous dorsal; preoperciilar j^rocess reaching scarcely |)ast base
668
VOL. XXXIII.
an elongated filament-like spinous ray on occiput, its tip

reaching to the back of the continuous spinous dorsal; spinous dorsal
not preceded by a short detached ray or finlet directly in front of its
of ventrals;
base; spinous and soft dorsals of about equal height, wdth a strong
but short keel-like spine situated in the interval between them; origin of anal fin slightly nearer to base of caudal than to gill opening;
caudal lunate; pectorals elongated, their tips reaching base of caudal;
the long pectoral rays free at tip, somewhat filamentous; caudal
peduncle as long as head, depressed, and broad and flat above anteriorly; 3 pairs of enlarged keeled scales along ventro-caudal edge, the
first pair opposite middle of anal; base of caudal with an upper and
lower pair of similar enlarged scales; no lateral line.
Pig.
9.
DAicocr.s
peterseni.
Color in alcohol yellowish brown, the back and top of head with
spots, which are of smaller size than the
numerous roundish black
spots of Dactyloptena orientalis; belly dirty white, the scales bearing

considerable pigment in the form of fine punctulations; single rays
and soft dorsal of alternating light and dark color from

base to tip; pectoral membranes chiefly dark, but more or less
streaked and spotted with whitish; the rays mostly pale, but blotched
Life colors not recorded.
or banded at intervals with dusky.
Here described from a single specimen 1 1 inches long, taken at
of spinous
Misaki.
(Named by Nystrom
for "J. V. Petersen
Japan.")
NO. 1581
AND RICHARDSON.
(i69
SITMMARY.
Family Pi.atycephaiju.*:.
Rogadius
].
1.
asper vCuvi(-r
î.m\-M\ ,\\v\ Rirlianlsoii, 1908.
and Valenciennes),
Thysanophrys Ogilby. 1898,
2.
1829.
Insidiator Jordan
(Temminck and
spinosus
3.
macrolepis (Bleeker), 1857; Nagasaki.
Ofamrnoplitcs Fowler, L904.
5.
6.
mecrdervoortii (Bleeker), 1860;
Wakanoura;
Shinii/Ai.
japonicus (Tilesius), 1812; Tokyo; Misaki; Tsuruga; Wakanoura; Nagasaki.

cTocof?iZs(Tilesius), 1812; Tokyo; Wakanoura; (^nomichi; Hiroshima; Nagasaki.
Platycephahis Bloch.
3.
1900.
Schlegel), 1843; Nagasaki.
2.
4.
and Snydin%
179.5.
indicus (Linnaeus), 1758; Tokyo; Tsuruga; Wakanoura;

Nagasaki; Tsuruga; Kobe; Hiroshima; Onomichi.
Enoshima;
Misaki;
Family Bembrid-k.
4.
8.
japonicus Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829; iJoshu.

5.
9.
Bembrns Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829.
Ixvis
Bambradon J ordim and Ricliardson,
Nystrom. 1887.
Parabcmbras Bleeker, 1874.
(I.
10.
1908.
(Temminck and
curtus
.Schlegel^ 1843.
Family Hopi.ichthyid.e.
7.
11.
HopJichihys Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829.
Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1829; Kagoshima.

Jordan and Richardson, 1908; Suruga Bay.
langsdorfii
12. gilberti
Family Triglid.e.
8.
13. (data
Lepidofrigla Giinther, 1860.
(Houttuyn), 1782; Nagasaki; Wakanoura; Misaki; Kobe; Tsushima; Tsuruga;
(])nomichi.
14.
microptera Giinther, 1873; Hakodate; Aomori; Hiroshima; Tsuruga; Matsushima
Suruga Bay; Kobe; Wakanoura; Tokyo; Nagasaki.

Tokyo; Suruga Bay; Totomi Bay; Yokohama.
abyssaiitf Jordan and Starks, 1902; Suruga Bay.
japonica (Bleeker), 1857; Nagasaki: Misaki; Wakanoura.
I'ay;
15.
16.
17.
giintheri Hilgendorf, 1879;
9.
18.
kumu
C'hflidonichthys
(Lesson and Garnot), 1830; Aomori;

shima; Nagasaki; Tokyo; Kobe,
Kaup,
1873.
Tsuruga;
Misaki;
Kawatana; Kago-
670
10.
19. heniisticta
(Temminck and
Otohtme Jordan and Starks, 1906.

Schlegel), 1847; Misaki or
Awa.
Family Peristediid.b.
11.
t'eristedion
hacepede, 1802.
Temminck and Schlegel, 1843; Misaki; Tokyo; Suruga Bay.

Jordan and Starks, 1902; Sagami Bay.
(Kaup) 1859.
20. or?!enia?c
21. ann'scus
22. rieffeli
Family Cephalacanthid^.
12.
23. orienfflZis
Dactyloptena Jordan and Richardson, 1908.
(Cuvier and Valenciennes), 1829; Nagasaki; Wakanoiu-a.

13.
24. peterseni
Daicocus Jordan and Richardson, 1908.
(NysLrom); Misaki.
vol. xxxiii.
INFRABASALS IN EECENT GENEEA OF THE CRINOID

FAMILY PENTACRINITIDÊ.
By Austin Hobart
Assistant,
Bureau
Clark,
of Fislicrics.
ago as 1885 Wachsmiitli and Springer showed

and Metacrinus are constructed upon the dicj^clic principle, infrabasals have as yet never been detected in any species of
Metacri7ius nor in any recent species of Isocrinus. It is now known
Althoiig-h so long
chat Isocrimis
that all recent crinoids, with the single exception of Hyocrimis, are
dicyclic; but infrabasals have never been actually demonstrated
except in two species, in Antedon hifida by Bury, and in Calamocrinus diomedce by Alexander Agassiz.
Dr. P. H. Carpenter in his monograph on the " Comatulae " criticizes rather sharply the so-called law of Wachsmuth and KSpringer
for determining by the orientation of the stem whether the infrabasals are present or not in a given species, and positively asserts that
they do not exist in the recent Pentacrinitida^, although he admits
that they occur in the liassic genus Pentacrinus (i. e., " Extmcrinus ").
The discovery of infrabasals in Isocrinus was made by the distinguished paheontologist P. de Loriol who, in 180-i, described a new
species of the genus, Isocrinus leuthardi, and published figures of it
showîng the five small radially situated infrabasals occupying a position in the center of the star-shaped figure formed by the elongate
basals.
With the idea of determining whether the condition shown by

de Loriol in Isocrinus leuthardi was repeated in the recent members
of the genus and in Metaciinus, preparations were made of Isocrinus
decorus and
etac7'i7ius rotvndus by carefully removing the upper
stem joints so as to lay bare the entire dorsal surface of the basals,
and
it wâs with considerable surprise that in both species prominent

infrabasals were revealed, those of Metacrinus. rotundus especially
being so noticeable that it is considerable of a mystery how they could
possibly have escaped the notice of such a careful worker as Doctor
Carpenter.
Proceedings U. S National Museum, Vol. XXXIII No. 1582.
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
43
671
672
Two
small,
VOL. XXXIII.
specimens of Isocrinus decorus were dissected, one being a

full grown, and apparently
immature example, the other
mature.
In the former
quite
(fig. 1) the infrabasals are five small rounded plates,

from each other, set close together in a fivê-lobed
the middle of the star-shaped figure formed by the basals,
exhibiting practically the same condition as in the
S2:)ecimen of /. leuthardl figured by de Loriol." Their
protrusion beyond the dorsal surface of the basals is
relatively great; they have a strongly convex dorsal
surface, and show no tendency toward degeneration
distinct
rosette in
or resorption, as
Fig.
1.K a
the case with the quinquelobular
basals, and infeabasals op isoceinus d e c o b u s
(a
is
rosette representing the fused infrabasals of Cala-
dials
young speci-
mocrinus diomeda\
In the figure only the two infra-
basals in the lower and lower left-hand portion are
shown
entire, the others
being more or
less
covered by
MEN).
portions of the upper stem joints, which could not
be removed without risking the specimen.
In the adult example figured (fig. 2) the infrabasals are flatter,

and appear as roughly triangular plates, with a marked depression
forming a notch in the outer edge, the rounded ridge on each side
of this depression being a continuation of the lateral ridges on the
basals, which bear the dentate processes.
In Metacrinus rotundus (fig. 3) the infrabasals are rounded tri-
than in Isocrinus decorus^

with that of the
As in the adult specimen of Isocnnus debasals.
co?nis, the petaloid markings are continued onto them,
in the form of a prominent U-shaped ridge.
The topmost columnar of this last specimen appears to be much 3ôunger than any heretofore noticed
in the Pentacrinitida^ (fig. 4) it is composed of a deli- FlG. 2.~Radials,
N
BASALS, AND
cate calcareous network, approximately semicircular,
FRA BASALS OF ISObearing two radiating lobes of unequal size, composed
CRINUS DECORUS
angular plates, with a
flatter dorsal surface
so that their dorsal surface is even
of exceedingly delicate calcareous meshes.
It
was
(A
MATURE
speci-
men).
unfortunately impossible to discover the orientation

(in reference to the plane of symmetry of the disk) of the larger lobe.
Judging from the condition of this stem joint, the columnars arise
at a point close to the axial cord, the growth being in each direc-
(and close to) the central opening; when this grow-
tion around
ing calcareous band reaches the median line of a basal, a radiating

lobe is formed which increases very rapidly in height, build-
ing
u])
band.
with
Thus we
"
much more open

get the condition
Revue Suisse de
structure
shown by
than
the
this first
Zool., II, 1894, pi. xxiv,
fig.
12o.
(i.
original
e.,
top-
NO. 1582.
INFllABASALS L\ THE FAMILY PENTACRINITID.i: CLARK. 678
most) columnar, which has two of the primitive lobes, which will
eventually become the angles of the stem, well developed, while the
primitive ring
is
as yet barely a semicircle.
It
is
noticeable also in
stem joints which have the lobes well developed that the ring immediatelv around the central canal is always much more dense than the
This points to the conclusion that the
extremely delicate lobes.
pentagonal character of the stem, at
least in the Pentacrinitidte, is derived
from an ancestral type, in which the

is composed of circular columnars,
as in Encr'miis; for, Avere this not so, we
stem
should expect the lobes to be developed

at the same time as the inner ring, instead of being merely a delicate network of delicate calcareous threads
is well developed and
comparatively
dense decomposed of a
when
the latter
3.
Radi.m.s, basals, and infraBASALS OF MeTACRINUS ROTUNDUS.
Fig.
posit.
specimen
The second colunmar
consists of a calcareous ring, bearing five unequal lobes, of very delicate structure, much more delicate than the comparatively solid ring
upon which they are borne; the specimen figured by Doctor Carpenter" on Plate xxiii, fig. 1, is very similar, but is somewhat more advanced in growth the third columnar is similar, but shows a marked
thickening all around (see same reference, Plate xxiii, fig. 2), while
the fourth has the lobes of almost equal size, and the raised edges of
the sectors with the dentate processes are beginning to form (see same
in this
reference, Plate xxiii,
fig.
3).
Encouraged by
my
success in the demonstra-
tion of the infrabasals in Isocriniia deeorni.s

ville
Thomson) and Metacrinvx rotund lus
Carpenter, I decided to carry

still
further,
and
to
endeavor
my
(WyP.
H.
investigations
them out
which I could
to point
in all the species of both genera of
wished to isolate the into determine their size

ROTUNDUS.
and their relations to the basals. This I did not
consider myself justified in doing before, and the specimens figured,
therefore, were mounted on glass slides exactly in the state in which
they were figured, and have now become part of the collection of recent crinoidea belonging to the U. S. National Museum, where they
Fig.
4.Uppermost
col-
umnar OF Metackinus
obtain material.
I also
frabasals, if possible,
and
will be available for future study.
Challenger Reports, XI, Zoology, 1884.
674
vol. xxxiii.
In a large jar containing fragments of arms and stems of MetaM. angulatus., and BI. superhus^ all from the Eastern
Sea near Kagoshima, I found the upper part of a stem of Metacrinus
superhus with part of the calyx attached, and it is on this sjDecimen
that the following observations have been based.
The method used in disintegrating the specimen was this The
stem was clipped oif as near the basals as possible, and then the stump
jDared down with a knife as much as could be done without danger
of injury to the basals, so as to leave a minimum of work to be done by
the caustic, A small cavity was scooped out of the small portion of
the stem remaining, and the specimen wâs then dried. The drying is
to insure localization of the action of the caustic for if the specimen
be wet the caustic will rapidly infiltrate through the sutures and
articulations, weakening the specimen so that successful manipulation is rendered very difficult in a dry specimen, on the other hand,
the infiltration is comparatively slow, and the action of the caustic
may be to some extent gauged by the amount of moistening (and
consequent darkening) of the exterior of the specimen. The interior
infiltration appears to be more rapid than the spread of the moist
area on the e:^terior, so that, by the time the basals are moistened all
over, the specimen is ready for dissection. Dissection is accomplished
under a dissecting microscope, using a lens of as strong magnification
as can be employed without hindering the work by too great a diminution of the working distance and field of vision. The caustic is applied in the form of a small lump, and is allowed to deliquesce, the
solution thus formed passing down the central lumen of the remaining stem joints and infiltrating out between them. When the disintegration is believed to have proceeded far enough, the specimen is
soaked in water to remove the caustic, and is then ready for dissection. It will be found that the first few stem joints, being large and
thick, are quite difficult of removal, and must be broken up and taken
crinus rotundus,
but the smaller interior joints are perfectly free. If too

great difficulties are encountered, as much should be removed as is possible without danger to the specimen, and the caustic applied again
for a short time. There are two dangers to guard against; usually,
out piecemeal
after dissecting
away
ceedingly small one
is
the rapidly decreasing stem joints, until an exreached, which is also removed, apparently the
entire dorsal surface of the basals
is
laid bare,
showing no trace
whatever of infrabasals. This, however, is not the case; the appearance is produced by a stem joint nearly full size, and so intimately
connected with the basals along the edge that it is practically indistinguishable from them. By inserting the point of the needle into the
central lumen and carefully prying upward, this joint may be
broken away, when another series of small joints will be exposed.
The
infrabasals are so patent that
it is
impossible to overlook them
NO. 1582.
if
INFRABASALS IX THE FAMILY PENTACRINITID.E CLARK. 675
they are not seen, then
it is
a stem joint that
and not the true dorsal surface of the
basals.
is
exposed to view,
I believe that
it
was
stem joint for the dorsal surface of the basal which

prevented Dr. P. H. Carpenter from detecting the underbasals in the
recent Pentacrinitida^ during his work on the Challenger collection.
The other danger is that sometimes, when it
"
appears to be a moral certainty that " bottom
this mistaking- of a
has been reached, the infrabasals
may
be ob-
scured or entirely hidden by a stem joint which

is just beginning to form, and is composed of
almost invisible limy reticulations, not invis-
enough, however, to prevent the detecAfter a

tion of the infrabasals through it.
stem joint has in its growth completely encircled the central lumen, it is obvious enough;
ible
of calyx
OF Metacrinus superbus,
Fig. .5. Section
SHOWIXG THE
1NFRABASAI..S
IN POSITION.
but joints consisting of merely two or three exceedingly delicate lobes are very difficult to see. If Doctor Carpenter's specimens were reexamined, I think it would be found that this
was
also a source of error, as well as the mistaking of a stem joint for

I have found Jletacnm/s much easier to
handle than Isocrinus; but all my specimens of the
former are fresh and well preserved (taken in August,
IDOC)), while those of the latter are more than twenty
years old, so that possibly the difference may be due to
the basals.
Fig. 6.Isolated
infrabasals
OF Metacrinus
superbus.
figiire
a difference in
The
the state of preservation.
infrabasals of Metacrinus superbus are appar-
ently identical with those of
published of the latter
(fig,
M.
roti/ndus, so that the
3) will also serve to
show the con-
After a study of the dorsal surface of the

basals and infrabasals in place, by very delicate manipulation three
of the basals were removed, leaving the infrabasals in
place adhering to the other two. A sketch of the conditions found was immediately made, and is reproduced
in fig. 5. The infrabasals themselves were then removed
and figs, 6, 7, and 8 were made from them.
The infrabasals are long truncated-pyramidal plates, fig. 7.ventral view of
equal in length to the entire height of the inner ends of
isolated
N
frabasals of
the basals. A side view of the five infrabasals together
Metacrinus
is shown in fig, 6
they form a truncated, dome-shaped,
superbus.
sharply angular mass, somewhat broader than high, the
angles, of course, extending into the sutures between the basals. Near
the bottom (i, e., the dorsal side) the sides curve in somewhat abruptly
and the carination ceases, so that in a dorsal view (fig, 8) we get
no suggestion of it, the outer edges of the infrabasals then appearing
rounded. The sharp notch shown in the central infrabasal in fig. C
ditions in the former.
676
VOL. XXXIII.
the end vieAV of the U-shaped ridge and resulting central concavity
formed by the extension of the petaloid sectors of the basals onto the
infrabasals, as shown in fig. 8. The ventral (upper) end of the circlet
is
of infrabasals
more or
less
is,
in
common with
the adjoining surface of the basals,
honeycombed and disintegrated, but this condition does

not extend very far down; most of the infrabasals is
as solid in structure as the basals, and, so far from being
degenerate, they are remarkably well developed, when
the very large size of the basals in the specimens dissected is considered.
8. Dorsal
view of isolated infra-
Fig.
basals of
Metaceinus
superbus.
ventral view (fig. 7) shows that the edges of the

infrabasals are sharp and clear-cut, and the sutures very
distinct; the outer sides are raised into a sharp angle;
the ventral surface
is
somewhat rough and
while the central canal
is
irregular,
comparatively small, and
quinquelobate.
The
dorsal view
frabasals of
M.
(fig.
8) does not differ
iôtundus
(fig.
3).
from that figured for the
The
surface, while smooth,
inis
raised into U-shaped ridges, forming an inward extension of the

ridges on the basals, the outer edges are rounded, and the central
canal
is
much
larger than in the ventral view,
and
is
round.
A NEW 8PECTES OE ELYING LIZARD EROM THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.

By Leoniiard Stejneger,
Curator, Division of Reptiles <nid lidtraehians, V. H. NaPional
Museum.
The genus Draco, which coiniititiites a very cliaracteristic part of the

Malayan element in the fauna of the Philippine Archipelago, has
hitherto been
known
to be represented there only
ing the nostrils lateral and turned outward.
from Dr. Edgar
interesting to find in a shipment recently received
A.
]\Iearns,
U.
S.
Army,
by species hav-
It is therefore very
Avhose collecting has resulted in so
many
important additions to the Philippine biota, two fine specimens of

a new species of Draco belonging to the other section of the genus
in
which the
nostrils are directed
upward and
DRACO MINDANENSIS,
Diagnosis.
Nostril
new
perfectly vertical.
species.
directed upward, vertical;
tympanum
scaly;
head-scales subequal, without a Y-shaped series of scales on fore-
hind leg when adpressed forward extending beyond axilla

wing membranes pale brown above, Avithout dark cross bands; male's
gular appendage, broad, triangular, slightly longer than length of
head
head.
Hahitat.
Island of Mindanao, Philippine Archipelago.
Type. C'î. No.
37388, U.S.N.M. Datu Anib's place, near Catagan, northwest JNIindanao, at base of Malindang Mountain, 1,100 feet
;
May 11, 1906; Dr. E. A. Mearns, collector.

Description of type specimen. Adult male.
Snout as ông as
diameter of orbit; rostral wide and low, more than twice as wide
altitude;
as high, bordered behind by seven subequal, nearly regularly pentagonal scales and slightly in contact with first supralabial; nostril
from rostral by three

and from supralabial by three or four scales; interorbital space narrow scales on top of head small, more or less
keeled, with a slightly developed median series of larger, keeled scales
on top of snout, but without any posterior, diverging branches; about
five small scales in a line across the middle of the interorbital space
directed upward, perfectly vertical, separated
rows of
scales
Proceedings U.
S.

677
678
vol.
xxxm.
and about thirteen across the supraocular region, the outer ones being
almost granules, the median ones larger, irregular hexagonal; a
small, blunt spine at posterior end of superciliary margin occipital
shield scarcely differentiated, surrounded by subequal, keeled scales;
tympanum hidden by small scales; fifteen supralabials; mental large,
nearly as wide as rostral, triangular; a nuchal fold, but no median
series of enlarged scales; upper surface of body covered with small,
keeled scales, largest on the middle portion of the back, becoming
gradualy smaller on the sides toward the parachute, the larger about
the same size as the ventrals; a few dorsodateral enlarged scales
barely indicated the gular appendage broadly triangular, with pos;
terior outline nearly straight, slightly longer than the head, the scales
somewhat increasing in length toward the tip, where they

almost reach the size of the ventrals; lateral neck fans very large,
with rounded outline, the peripheral scales large and elongate above
fore legs long and slender, the wrist extending to the tip of the snout;
extended hind leg reaches to the shoulder posterior edge of tibia and
elongate,
femur strongly serrate, with a group of three large scales at the

upper end near the body; tail nearly twice as long as head and body
Color (in alcohol) above dull grayish brown, almost sepia,
with pale rounded spots; on the back about five transverse series
of whitish round spots alternating with four transverse series
of larger, more conspicuous spots consisting of a median nearly
lozenge-shaped spot with a large circular spot on each side; upper
side of parachute slightly paler than the l)ack and somewhat more
reddish Especially posteriorly, with numerous longitudinal whitish
lines narrow and of uneven width, like very elongate bends on fine
threads; underside whitish; throat brownish gray with indistinct
paler spots gular appendage pale yellow, with a fine dusky line on
together.
each scale on the anterior margin; no spots on underside of parachute; limbs and tail above cross-barred, dark grayish brown and
whitish in strong contrast.
Dimensioniii.
mm.
261
90
171
13
Total length
Tip of suont to vent
Vent to
Width
tip of tail
of head
'^^
Fore leg
Hind
leg
Tip of snout to posterior end of jaws

Gular appendage
Remarks. k\\oi\\QY specimen
(Cat.
55
19
18
No. 3T387, U.S.N.M., same
and collector), also an adult male, agrees in all essential respects with the type, but the occipital scale is much better differen-
locality
NO. 1583.
NEW FLYING LIZARDSTEJNEGER.
679
rounded plate almost as larg'e as the nasal. The gnlar

few millimeters longer. The color is also nearly
identical, but there is a very distinct whitish line on the middle of the
forehead and another across the supraocular region.
The present species is related both to Draco quinquefaseiatus and
to Draco maximus.
It has the size of the former, and consequently
is smaller than the latter.
From the former it differs chiefly in the
longer limbs, the differently shaped gular appendage of the male, and
in coloration, lacking entirely, as it does, the dark cross bars on the
tiated,
being
appendix
is
also a
From the latter it differs, besides in size, in the absence

on the forehead, the fewer scales on the interorbital space,
the shorter gular appendage, and in the paler color of the upper side
parachute.
of the
of the parachute.
A NEW FEESH- WATER BIVALVE (CORNEOCYCLAS)

FROM THE MOUNTAINS OF ECUADOR.
By Pat
Assistant
The
L Bartsch,
Museum.
IHrision of Mollusk.s. V. H. 'National
f'itnitnr,
was
by Dr. S. Austin
York, in the valley
of the Chanchan River, Ecuador, South America, at an altitude of
about 7,000 feet. Of the specific locality Doctor Davis says:
species described herewith
collected
Davis, of Gl Biiena Vista avenue, Yonkers,
New
The Cbaiicban cuts throiigli tlio western Cordillera and empties into the
Cliimbo at the base of the western foothills, at a station on the Guayaquil
and Quinto Railway called Bucay. The Cbiuibo, after about .55 miles, enters
the Gnnyas River a short distance above Guayaquil.
The Guayas waters flow

which the mollusks were found falls
into the Chanchan at about 4,000 feet elevation above the sea (20 miles above
Bucay) and takes its rise high up the mountain side, some 3,000 or more feet
above tlie entrance to the Chanchan. It is quite a stiff climb to get there from
the valley bottom, and in its course there are two or three vertical falls.
to the Pacific Ocean.
The
tiny stream in
CORNEOCYCLAS
DAVISI, new
species.
Shell of medium size, moderately oblique, well inflated, greyish

horn-colored with straw-colored ventral margin, having the nepionic
portion somewhat constricted off from the post-nepionic part of the
shell.
Umbones
scarcely projecting above the hinge line.
dorsal margin sloping a
Posterior
more abruptly than the anterior and

only about two-thirds as long. Area below the posterior dorsal margin well inflated, that below the anterior dorsal margin somewhat
compressed. Posterior border well rounded and evenly curved. Anterior border somewhat produced in the middle and therefore decidedly less evenly arched than the posterior. Ventral margin forming an even sweeping curve. Entire outer surface marked by deeply
incised concentric grooves which are somewhat variable in strength,
little
those on the initial portion of the nepionic shell being finer than
those on
its
margin.
Proceedings U.
The post-nepionic part of the

S.
shell is
divided
584.
681
682
into a
number of
stages formed
by the variation
vol. xxxiii.
in the strength
In the type there are five, tlie first being immediately below the nepionic portion, while the rest divide the remaining part into equal segments. The narrow darker lânds, represented by irregular stronger sculpture, may mark resting periods. In
of the incised lines.
addition to the incised concentric sculpture the entire surface
is
marked by microscopic crinkling, especially in the grooves. Interior

Hinge slight, long, curved. Ligament rather short,
bluish-white.
partly internal
Cardinals: in the right vaive one, decidedly curved
and nnich stronger and more elevated posteriorly where it bends

downward over the hinge plate; in the left valve two, the upper slen-
CORNEOCYCLAS DAVISI BaRTSCH.
MAGNIFIED
f.
der and obliquely curved and but slightly elevated, the lower small,
somewhat triangular and a little more elevated than the upper. Laterals: double in the right valve, slender, curved, lamelliform, the
ventral considerably more strongly developed than the dorsal single
;
one bearing a cusp-like projection on

middle, while the posterior one is best developed at its posterior
in the left valve, the anterior

its
extremity.
The shells of fresh specimens, when viewed by transmitted light,

appear uniforml}^ very minutely dotted as if finely punctured.
The type measures: Length 5.0 mm.; height 4.0 mm.; diameter
The largest specimen, a single valve, measures: length 0.0
2.7 mm.
mm.
The
height 4.9
lot,
mm.
consisting of the type and
single valves,
is
two complete specimens and two
entered as Cat. No. 198053, U.S.N.M.
THE CRINOID GENUS COMATULA LAMARCK; WITH A

NOTE ON THE ENCRINUS PARR.E OF GUERIN.
Assistant.
In a previous paper"
Bureau
of Fisheries.
published a preliiiiiuary notice of a revision
of the unstalked crinoids, paying particular attention to the group

called collectively '"''Antedon "
by Dr. P. H. Carpenter.
had not
at
the time been able to arrive at a satisfactory conclusio]i in regard to
the genus (omatula {=Acthiomcfra P. H. Carpenter), but I have

since taken
up the question again and,
my
after reexamining
old
amount of new, have succeeded in resolving Comafiiln into two apparently homogeneous
component tvpes. My study was based, so far as possible, upon tenarmed specimens, and I have paid particular attention to the young
material, and studying a very considei'able
Avhenever I have been able to get them.
The authorities of the U.

most generously placed at
recent crinoids, and it is on
mainly based.
I wish further to expi"ess
8.
National jNIuseum have, as in the past,
my
disposal their entire collection
this collection that
my
my
of
studies have been
deep appreciation of the kindness and

who has permitted me to make
generosity of Îr. Alexander Agassiz,
use of his magnificent collection of recent crinoids, which contains
many
species
including
which otherwise would have been inaccessible
to
me,
number of undescribed forms. I am also

Prof. Hubert Lyman Clark, of Harvard Univer-
considerable
greatly indebted to
sity, and to Prof. A. E. Verrill, of Yale, for many courtesies received

during my visits to those institutions. Professor Clark especially,
through his minute and exhaustive knowledge of the other Echinoderm groups, has suggested to me many interesting points in the
morphological as well as the anatomical and systematic relations of
the species upon which to Avoi-k in the future.
"Smiths. Misc.
Proceedings U.
S.
Coll.
(Quarterly Issue), L, pp. 343-364.
National Museum, Vol.
XXXIIK No.
1585.
683
684
voi.
xxxm.
Doctor Carpenter, in his report on the " Comatulse " of the (7Aa?expedition, divided Comatula {=Actinometra) as follows:
?<;'y;-(/e'/'
Series
the two outer radials and the
first
two brachials united by syzygy
Ten arms
Two
Solaris group.
by syzygy
the axillary a syzygy
Paiicicirra group.
distichals united
Three
distichals,
Typlca group.
Echinoptera
Series II; the two outer radials articulated: Ten arms
Series III; two articulated distichals:
Palmars and post-palmars like distichals; but first two brachials
SteUigcra
by syzygy
VnUda
First arm-syzj^gy in the third brachial
group.
united
group.
group.
Series IV; three distichals, the first two articulated, and the third axillary
witli a syzygy.
Fimbriata group.
First arm-syzygy in the second brachial
Parvicirra group.
First arm-syzygy in the third brachial
,
This arrangement of the species was merely intended as a convenient guide to their identification, and nothing more was claimed
may be judged from a single species,

Johannes Miiller 1841 {^Âctmometra parvicirra of Carpenter) the type species of Carpenter's last group.
This
for
Its artificial character
it.
the Alecto pariricirra of

,
species
not infrequently ten-armed, therefore falling in the ^Êchi-
is
noptera group
;"
again,
it
articulated segments, the

brachial," in
which case
it
may have
all the distichal series of two

arm-syzygy falling in the " third
belongs with the ^'"Valida group" according
first
to Carpenter's scheme; yet the species is
made
the type of a third
group, the ^''Parvicirra group." The groups themselves, contrary

to what was the case in the various " groups " and " series " of ^Ânfe(1,071,'''' are, with a single curious exception, the ^'Typica group," fairly
Carpenter gives four species as belonging to this

group, distincta, typica, novm-guincn', and multibrachiata, and a
In distincta and inidtififth, (/racilis, has since been described.
hrachiata, the costals are united by syzygy, according to the descrip-
homogeneous.
tions of these species, the distichals are 4 (3-f4), and the palmars
but on Plate lv and Plate lvi quite a different arrange(1-1-2)
ment
4
is
fomid; while the palmars are 2
(l-)-2; 3-|-4)
in
(l-|-2), the distichals are
other words the distichals, instead of being
syzygy " are four, united in tioo syzygial pairs.

This simplifies matters considerably, as will be seen further on.
Now, in typica and gracilis, and in novce-guineoi as well as I can
judge from the figure, the costals and first two distichals are not
united by sj^zygy; while the union is very close, it is of the same
type as that between the costals in such species as Carpenter's
Acti7iometra rohustipinna and Miiller's Alecto parvicirra and Alecto
trichoptera. We find, then, that three of the five species of the ^^ Typica
group," including typica itself, fall in " Series IV," while the other
two do not belong in Carpenter's scheme at all.
" three, the axillary a
THE CRINOID GENUS COMA TULA CLAEX.
685
The genus Comatula falls naturally into two divisions, species in

which the costals are united by syzygy, and species in which the cosEach of these divisions is a homogeneous unit,
tals are articulated.
which can not, with our present knowledge of the species, be advantageously subdivided. For the first division the name Comatula (type
Comatula Solaris Lamarck) is available. Two generic names, Cottiaster L. Agassiz, 1836, and Phanogenia Loven, 1806, have been based
on species of the second group, of which Coniaster (with the type,
C oniatula
inultlradiata \jâ\\y\yq\^^ Asterias multiradiata Linnanis, not
Comatula multiradiata Goldfuss [Âlecto novm-guineo: Midler] as

has been stated by various authors, following Midler), being the
have to be used.
earlier, will
COMATULA
A
genus of Comatulidiv
Lamarck,
=Actinometrida^) in which the costals
are united by syzygy, the clistichals are 2
and the palmars 2 (1+2).

Type of the genus. Comatula
Distrihution.
to
Japan.
The known
Australia
Solaris
(P.
H. Car-
Comatula notata
(P.
H. Carpenter).
COMASTER
1816.
A genus of Comatulida'
in
L.
Comatula paucirirra (Bell).

Comatula pcctinata (Liinianis).
Comatula serrata A. H. Clark.
Comatula Solaris Lamarck.
Agassiz, 1886.
which the costals are united by bifascial
articulation, the distichals being 2 or 4

ular.
the genus.
Retzius, 1783
Lamarck,
Madagascar.
? Society Islands.
species belonging to this genus as here restricted are
ComaiuJd ntultibrachiata
Type of
(1+2) or 4 (1+2; 3+4),
northward, throughout the East Indies,
ContatuUt distiiicta (P. H. Carpenter).

penter
1816.
Asterias
(3+4) or both, rarely
irreg-
multiradiata Linna?us, 1758, and of
(not Asterias multiradiata Gray,
1840=type of the
genus Ileliaster)
Distrihution. Intei-tropical
north to the Bay of Biscay. South
Carolina, southern Japan, and Korea, south to southern Brazil,
Peru, Australia, and the Cape of Good Hope; the headquarters are
in the
East Indian recion.
686
The
VOL. XXXIII.
described species of the genus are as follows.
these I have
examined a ninnber of
In addition to
mainly from the West
others,
Indies
Comaster alata (Pourtales).
Comaster alternans (P. H. Car-
(1)
penter)
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
(2) Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
helli
(P.
H. Carpenter).
bennetti (J. Miiller).
horneensis ( Gr ube )
hriareus (Bell).
Car-
penter)
Comaster divaricata
(P.
H. Car-
penter
Comaster duplex
(P.
H. Carpen-
ter).
Comaster echinoptera (J. Miiller).

Comaster clongata (P. H. Carpenter).
^Comaster flmbriata (Lamarck).

Comaster graeilis ( Ha rtl a ub
Com,aster grandicalyx (P. H. Car)
penter)
Comaster iowensis ( Springer )

Comaster lineata (P. H. Carpenter).
Comaster japonica.
Comaster littoralis
(J. Miiller).
(P.
macrobrachius ( Hartlanb )
maculata (P. H. Carpenter).
magnifica (P. H. Carpenter).
mariw (A. H. Clark).
meridionalis (Agassiz and
Agassiz).
carpenteri A. H. Clark.
coppingeri ( Bell )
discoidea (P. H.
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
multiradiata (Linufeus).
H. Carpenter).
nobilis (P.
nova;-giuiiea' (J. Miiller).
orientaUs (A. H. Clark).

parvicirra (.J. Miiller).
peronii (P. H. Carpenter).
quadrata (P. H. Carpenter).

regalis (P. H. Carpenter).
robustipinna (P. H. Carpen-
ter).
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
Comaster
rotalarki
(Lamarck).
rubiginosa (Pourtales).
H. Carpenter).
sentosa (P. H. Carpenter).
solaster (A. H. Clark).
schlcgelii (P.
stelligera (P.
H. Carpenter).
trichoptera (J. Miiller).

typica (Loven).
vaJida (P. H. Carpenter).

variabilis (Bell).
H. Carpen-
ter).
I.
COMASTER ALATA
(Pourtales).
Actinometra fulchella (Pourtales)'' was invariably used by Docwhich had previously been named alata
by Pourtales, because he considered the name more appropriate, and
subsequent authors have persisted in following him. Not only is
Antedon pulcliella of Pourtales " preceded by Antedon alata of the
same author ^ for the same species, but Antedon jndchella Pourtales,
1878, is preoccupied by Gamjmeda {= Anted 07j) indchella Gray,
'-''
tor Carpenter for the species
1834.
2.
COMASTER CARPENTERL
new name.
described a species of Comaster as

Doctor Carpenter in 1888
the name to Johannes jNIiiller; but
referring
Actinometra multifida.,
Miiller, according to his own statement,'' proposed the name niulti-fida
'^
Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, V, No.
9,
p.
216.
Îdem., p. 215.
cproc. Zool. Soc. London, 1S34, Pt. 2, No. 14,
^ Challenger Reports, XXVI, Zoology, p. 330.
Ârcliiv
fiir
Naturgesch., 1S41,
I,
p. 147.
p.
15.
THE
CRIXOIl) (iENVS
COMATVLACLMUk.
687
merely as a substitute for Lamarck's 7nultiradiata. His idea was that,

two quite differeut species having been called inalfiradlata one by
Lamarck" and one b}^ Goldfuss,'' but Lamarck's description being
quite worthless, whereas Goldfuss's is accompanied by an excellent
figure
the name should hold for the form with the recognizable
diagnosis, so he restricted
it
to Goldfuss's form.
Subseciuently he ex-
amined Lamarck's original types, and from them drcAV up his diagnosis of midtifda. Now, thanks to Doctor Carpenter's investigations,
we know what Lamarck's m nit trad kita really is, and (as it is the
same as the Linnsean and lietzian Asterias innltlradiata) of course
the specific name miiltiradiata must be retained for it. Doctor Carpenter realized this, but he resurrected viiiltifda for a specimen
which was among Lamarck's types, and differed both from the 7nultlradlata of Lamai'ck and the m.ultiradiata of Goldfuss; but multijlda
is a pure synonym of midtivadtata Lamarck and can not be used for
any other species. The form may be renamed ConiaHter carpenteri.
ISOCRINUS
PARR^
(Gue'rin).
In his monograph on the recent stalked crinoids, Doctor Carpenter

makes no mention of the species described as Eitciinus 'parrw by
Guerin
Guerin, under the heading Encrini/s, speaks of the

caput-medusce " described by Guettard and b}' Ellis
in 1835.''
^'Encrhius
(^z=Isis asteria Linnanis), and then goes on to say that the

Palma
animal" described and figured by Parra in 1787'* appears to represent another species.
He describes this species in detail under the
name of Encriniis parra:'^ taking his description from Parra, and he
also reproduces Parra 's plate. P]xcept for the fact that the animal is
represented as growing on the seashore like a ])alm tree, the reproduction is very good. Doctor Carpenter mentions the reference to Parra
in his account of Isocrlmoi <(stci'ta^ but says he was unable to consult
it.
Besides Guerin, Oken in 1815 and again in 1835 copied Parra's
figure, and Gervais refers to Encrinus ptti'ra'^ and it seems as if
one of the four must have been accessible to Doctor Carpenter. A
glance at Parra's figure shows that the species he had Avas the same
one which was described by Orsted in 1850 as Pentdcr'mus iniUlen;
the short internodes (four to six) and consequent crowding of the
cirri, combined with the stout stem, preclude the possibility of its
being any other West Indian species. There can, therefore, be but
''
''
''Hist. Nat. ties

*
Animaux saus
Petrafacta Gernianine,
'Diet. cVHist. Nat., Ill,
I,
Vertebres,
II,
ISIG, p. 533.
p. 202, pi. lxi, figs. 2-.s'.
p. 49, pi.
cxlvii,
fig.
1.
'^Description de diferentes piezas de Histoi'ia Natural, Havana, 1787,

pi.
LXXI.
t^Forhandl, Skand. Xatnrf. 7de .Mclde

Proc. N.
M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
44
'hristiania, p. 202.
p.
191,
688
vol. xxxiii.
one course; the species now known as Isocrinus mulleri (Orsted,

1856) must in the future h&\\\\ov^n\iiHlsocrinus parrw (Guerin, 1835).
There is still another name based on a recent West Indian Isocrinus
which is not mentioned by Carpenter, although in his bibliography
he cites the paper in which it occurs. In 1828 " the Rev. Lansdown
Guilding described under the name of Encrinus milleri an Isoo'inus
brought up from the deep water off St. Vincent, where he then lived.
The species is, however, quite unrecognizable, so that the name can
never become available besides, is is preoccuj)ied by the fossil Encrinites milleri of von Schlotheim, 1822.
;
''Zoological Journal, IV, p. 175.
ON SOME ISOPODS OF THE FAMILY DAJID.E FEOM

THE NOKTHWEST PACIFIC OCEAN, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW GENUS AND TWO NEW SPECIES.
By Hakiuet
Iviciiakdson,
Collaborator, Divialon of Marine Iitrertchraivs, U.
The following
*S'.
National Masciim.
descriptions are of some Dajidse which were col-
Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albafross during its

Ocean in the summer of 190G. A new
genus is added to the family, and Holojyhryxus giardi and Holu'phryxus calif orniensi^^ new species, are described.
lected
by the U.
S.
cruise to the northwest Pacific
The number of Dajida? genera is rapidly increasing, so that the

family now contains the following: Dajus Kr0yer,. Notophryxus
AspldophryxuH Sars, Ileteropliryxus Sars, Branchiophryxus
Zouophryxus Richardson, Ilolopliryxus
Richardson, and Ai'tJwophryxus^ new genus.
Sars,
Caullery, Frodajus Bonnier,
LIST OF REFERENCES.
Bonnier, Jules.
Sur deux types uouveaux d"Kpiearitl^s parasites d'nu Cumace

Comptes Reudus, CXXXVI, 1!)03, pp. ]()2-103. Paris.
et d'uii Seliizopode,
Caullery, ^Maurice. Braucliiopliryxiis nyctiphaiia', n. j;., sp., Epicaride iionveaii

de la faniille des Da.iidip, Jouru. R. Mier. Soc. Iôudon, 1SK7, Pt. 3, p. 204.
Also in Zool. Auzeiger, XX, 1S97, pp. 88-92. Leipsic.
KE0YER, Henrik. Voyages en Scandinaîe. en Laponie, an Spitsberg et anx
(Published under the direction of M. Paul
Fer()e, Zoologie, Crustacea.
Gaimard. ) Atlas, pi. xxviii, figs. 1-2, pi. xxix, fig. 1. Paris, IS-IO.
Richardson, Harriet. Isopods collected at the Hawaiian Islands by the U. S.
Fish Commission steamer Albatross, Bull. V. S. Fish Commission, 1003, pp.
.51-53.
Washington.
Isopods of the Alaska Salmon Investigation, Bull. V. S. Bureau of
Washington. lOO.^.
Fisheries, XXIV, 1004, pp. 220-221.
Sars, Oeorge O. Crustacea of Norway, II, 1800, pp. 223-224. Bergen.
Crustacea of the Norwegian North Atlantic Expedition, 187G-1878.
Christiania, 1883.
Report on the Schizopoda, Challrngcr Ifeport. XIII, 188.5.

London.
Tattersall, W. ]M. The Marine Fauna of the Coast of Ireland, Pt.
Pt.
37,
pp.
220-221.
Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1004, II, 1005, pp. 77-78,
Proceedings U.
S.
National
JVIuseum, Vol.
5,
Isopoda,
pi. xi, figs. 1-4.'
XXXIil No. 1586.

689
690
HOLOPHRYXUS
Body
GIARDI, new
VOL. XXXIII.
species.
mm. by
8t) mm,, without any trace

uniformly
light yellow.
Color
(See fig. 1.)
of segmentation.
which
is surrounded
Head represented by a bilobed prominence,
Eyes
laterally.
by a wdde, squarish ridge projecting anteriorly and
of female oblong-ovate, 17
wânting.
The thorax
is
wider anteriorly than posteriorly, being gradually
restricted posteriorly.
The
parts are not greatly swollen.
lateral
There are no traces of segmentation on the dorsal surface.

The abdomen is narrower than the thorax, and tapei-s to a rounded
extremity. There is no trace of segmentation, but a slight incision on
either side indicates the place of coalescence of the first segment.
The abdomen
is
devoid of
append ages, both uropoda

and pleopoda being entirely
wanting.
On
the ventral side the
oral area is not contracted

It is bounded anby the projecting
ridge and mouth parts, and
laterally by the two rows
behind.
teriorly
coxal
of
l.HOLOPHRYXrs GIARDI. .\DULT FEMALE.
Lateral VIEW, c Ventral view.
SAL VIEW.
Fig.
/).
DOR
plates.
Situated
two rows of
x2i.
just within the
From
the bases of the five pairs of
coxal plates are five pairs

of legs, surrounding the oral area.
Only the
legs arise five pairs of incubatory plates.
first
and
fifth
pairs are visible, the other three pairs being hidden by the overlap-
ping fifth pair. The fifth pair of plates are the largest, and meet
along the middle ventral line of the body they extend almost the
;
entire length of the thorax.
In a lateral view four segments of the thorax are represented by

four coxal plates, bounding the outer extremity of the oral area.
The first coxal plate is coalesced with the cephalic ridge, but is indicated on either side at the posterior extremity of the ridge by a little
pointed projection.
One
adult female was taken by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries
siQ2iT[i&Y
Alhatross ^t Station 4793, Toporkov Island, Harbor of Nikol-
Bering Island, north 58 east, 44 miles (54 48' north, 164 54'
east) at a depth of '2,700 fathoms.
Description of immatvre female. The body is oblong-ovate, 3 mm.
by 8 mm., decreasing gradually in width from the anterior to the
ski,
posterior extremity.
(See
fig. 3.)
N0.1586
NEW ISOPODS FROM THE
PACIFIC OCEAN RICHARDSON.
69
The head is large and is svirroimded anteriorly and laterally by a

wide marginal border or ridge. There are no eyes. The three divisions of the
body
The segments
the head, thorax, and abdomen are well
defined.
of the thorax are also well marked, the coxal plates
There are six distinct segments, with

first segment is coalesced with the
The first coalesced segment bears the first pair of legs. The
head.
following five segments bear each a pair of legs, so that altogether
there are six pairs of legs. The last free (sixth) segment bears a
occupying the lateral margins.
six pairs of coxal plates.
The
pair of modified appendages."
The abdomen
extremity.
It
narrower than the thorax, and tapers to a rounded

unsegmented and is devoid of appendages.
is
is
Fig. 2. H<)L(n'HRYXus giakdi.
Immatuke female and
host.
Only one immature female was taken at Station 4793, Toporkov

Harbor of Nikolski, Bering Island, north 58 east, 44 miles
(54 48' north, 164 54' east), at a depth of 2,700 fathoms. It was
attached to the dorsal surface of the carapace of the host, Gennadas
Island,
horealis
graph
Rathbun,
(fig.
2)
is
wîth the
head directed posteriorly.
of the immature female and
They may be analogous
The photo-
its host.
homologous with the fifth pair of appendages

(ChuUrngcr Report, XIII, 1885, Pt. 37,
8-14.)
See Tattersall for description and figures
to or
of Hctcrophryj-us apijeiuliculatus Sars.

pp. 220-221, pi. XXXVIII, figs.
of this form. (Fisheries, Ireland, Sci. Invest., 1904, II, 100.5, pp. 77-78, pi. xi,
figs. 1^.) Or, this segment may be considered the first abdominal segment with
its
ai)pendages.
692
VOL. XXXIII.
The adult female is al)oiit four and a half times longer than the
immature female. The stage represented by the immature female
must be a stage younger than the one described by G. O. Sars, for
Dajus mysidin Kr0yer. It must be a stage intermediate between that
and the cryptoniscian stage, because of the presence of the six pai!rs
of legs. The stage represented by Sars has only five pairs of legs, as in
the two succeeding stages and in the adult stage.
No males were found.
After the photograph was
made the parasite was removed from the host for
the purpose of study.
This species di tiers from

type species of the
the
genus,
Holophryxus
ala-
scensin Richardson, in the
form of the body, which is

more tapering, the thorax
3.~HoLOPHRYXus giaedi. Lmmature female, a
Dorsal view. 6. Lateral view. c. Ventral view
X 14i.
Fig.
that sj)ecies;
not being so greatly swol-
and the abdomen not so

abruptly narrower, as in
in having the head surrounded by a wide marginal
len
squarish ridge or border anteriorly and laterally; in the difference in

the shape and the position of the marsupial plates; and in having the
first
segment of the abdomen indicated by a slight incision on either
side of the terminal segment.
The species is named for Prof. Alfred Giard.

The type from Toporkov Island, Bering Island,
National Museum, Cat. No. 38337.
HOLOPHRYXUS CALIFORNIENSIS,
new
is
in the
U.
S.
species.
One
fine specimen of this interesting species was colBarbara Channel, California, in green mud at a
depth of 280 fathoms. It is described on the label which accompanies
Its color in life is menit as a parasite, but the host is not given.
Locality.
lected in Santa
tioned as being canar}^ yellow.
Another specimen comes from Station 4753 on the way from Yes
to Seattle at Bushby Point at a depth of 150-280 fathoms. This
adult female was attached. The photograph (fig. 4) shows the para-
Bay
site attached to the dorsal side of the carapace of the host, Pasiphcea padflca Rathbun with the head directed posteriorly. This species is similar to the preceding species in the elongated form of the
body, but differs in lacking the wide anterior ridge, and in not
Crustacea of
Nomay,
II, 1899, pp.
223-224, pi. xciv, 9iuv.='
NO. 1586.
having the
first
eral margins.
PACIFIC OCEAN RICHARDSON. 698
abdominal segment indicated by incisions in the Lithas the anterior part of the body more strongly
It also
convex and not so depressed as in 11. giai-d!.

One male accompanies the specimen from Santa Barbara Channel.
Description of male. The male is about three times longer than
Avide, being 2 mm. in "width and
The head is verv
mjii. in length.
Fig. 4. HoLOPHRYxrs califormensis.
Adult Female and Host.
rounded in front and completely fused "with the first thoracic

There are no eyes. The first pair of antenna? are small and
composed of only a few articles. The second pair of antenna? are
rather long, extending to the posterior margin of the head, and are
composed of about seven articles. The antennae are inconspicuous
from a dorsal view.
large,
segment-
694
vol. xxxiii.
The six free segments of the thorax are distinctly separated from
each other, are subequal in length, and are produced at the sides in
rounded lobes. The seven pairs of legs are prehensile.
The abdomen is narrow, elongate, about twice as longas wide,
with
all
the segments completely fused.
are no nropoda and no pleopoda.
The type from
Station
(See
There
fig. 5.)
4753 has Cat. No. 38527,
U.S.N.M.
The fact that these Dajidse are found parasitic on

shrimps, decapodous Crustacea, and not on Schizopoda,
the hosts on which they have previously been found,
gives additional evidence, in respect to the relation of
PHRYXUS
host and parasite, showing that families founded on

j^ .^ basis, as well as genera and siêcies, cannot be
^
cALiFOKNiEN-
maintained.
Fig.
5. holo-
sis.
Male,
^_
'_
fl^.^^jon
'
Giard and Bonnier have arranged a cla.ssiof the Epicaridea whereby the families of para-
sites are restricted to certain
orders of hosts, but Sars
has already pointed out the error of such an arrangement. The evidence furnished herein proves that one family of parasite can infest
two different orders of host.
ARTHROPHRYXUS, new genus.

Body of adult female irregular in outline, with lateral parts expanded, and not projecting in front of the head.
Head large and well
The middle part of
defined from the thorax.

the dorsal surface of the thorax segmented
into five rather distinct segments.
The abdomen
is
also distinctly
segmented into
five
segments, the
terminal one being posteriorly triangular in shape.

There are no uropoda or pleopoda.
The oral area is small, rounded, but not

The five pairs of legs are closely crowded
bv the
and are bounded

There are five pairs of incubatory
pair being the largest, the two plates meeting along
five pairs of
lamellse, the last
greatly contracted behind.

together,
coxal plates.
the middle ventral line.

The adult male has the head large, without eyes, the thorax com-
posed of six distinct segments, the
first
being fused with the head.
There are seven pairs of legs. The abdomen is indistinctly segmented into about six segments, the last one of which is minute and
The body is hunched and the abdomen conposteriori}^ triangular.
siderably curved under the thorax.
There are no uropoda, and the pleopoda seem to be wanting.
The type of the genus is rlrthrophi'yxus ho-iiiganus, the de.scription of which follows:
NO. 1586.
PACIFIC OCEAN RICHARDSON.
ARTHROPHRYXUS BERINGANUS,
new
695
species.
The body of the adidt female (hg. (i) is irregular in outline, oblong
oval in shape, broadest in front, and slightly narrower behind. It is
14 nun. long and 9 unn. wide at its greatest breadth. The lateral
parts of the body are expanded, but do not project beyond the head.
The head is very large, with the anterior margin irregular in
outline
fold
well
and with
transverse
middle. It is
defined from the thorax.
about
the
There are no eyes.

The middle portion of the
dorsal surface of the thorax
distinctly
segmented
into
is
five
segments.
The abdomen
mented into
is
five
distinctly seg-
segments, the
terminal one being minute and
MALE.
On
a.
Dorsal VIEW.
body the oral area

There are five pairs of
the ventral side of the
not contracted l)ehind.
Adult fe
Ventral view. X65.
Fig. 6. Arthrophkyxis beringanus.
triangular in shape posteriorly.

There are no uropoda or pleopoda.
is
/<.
snudl, rounded, but
legs,
on the outside of
which are the five pairs of coxal plates. Issuing from the bases of
the five pairs of legs are the five pairs of incubatory lamelhe, partly
overla2;)ping each other, the last pair being the largest,
meeting along the middle ventral line of the body.
The adult male has the head lai-ge, without eyes, the
thorax divided into six distinct segments, the first
being fused with the head. There are seven pairs of
prehensile legs, the first pair being attached to the first
segment, which is coalesced with the head. The
abdomen
indistinctly divided into about six seg-
is
ments, the
posteriorly.
last
segment being minute and triangular
(Fig. 7.)
There are no uropoda and appai'ently no pleopoda.

to the fact that the body is hunched and the
pheyxus berinabdomen is curved under the thorax, it was difficult to
GANUS. Adult
MALE. X41.
place the male in a position to draw the doral surface.
Onh' the female and one male were taken at Station 4793, Toporkov Island, harbor of Nikolski, Bering Island, north 58 east, 44
miles (54 48' north, 1G4 54' east), at a depth of 2,700 fathoms. It
is parasitic on Eiicopia australis Dana.
The type is in the U. S. National Museum. Cat. No. 38338.
In the segmental character of the abdomen of the male this genus
is closer to Asindophryxus Sars than to any other of the Dajidse
Fig.
7. Aetheo-
Owing
696
vol.
xxxm.
The female differs from the female of Aspidojyhryxus in

having the abdomen segmented, in the larger and differently shaped
head, in not having the lateral parts of the thorax projecting in
front of the head, and in having five pairs of incubatory plates, there
being only one pair distinctly developed in As'indophryxuH.
Bonnier says of the male of Prodajas lohiancoi that the abdomen
is " a peine segmente sar les bords et termine par une paire de longs
uropodes digitiformes." Uropoda are also present in the male of
Aspido-phryxus Sars. The male of Arthrophryxus is without uropoda.
genera.
NOTES OX THE FKESH-WATER MOLLUSK PLANORBIS

MAGXIFICUS AND DESCRIPTTOXS OF TWO XEAV
FOE:\rS OF TTTE SAME OEXTTS FROM THE SOUTHERN STATES.
Py
Pax: I. Bartscit,
AssMdiit Cnnitor. Diiision
of Mnllusls.
J'.
N.
N<iti(ni<il
Museum.
Early in November. IDOC), tlie writer iinule a trip to Wilminoton,

North Oarolina, \n quest of that mao-nificent member of the genus
Planorhis^ Planorhis {Pierosoma) magnifrvs; which was described
by Dr. H. A. Pilsbry in the Nautihis."
The h)cality cited was lower Cape Fear River. An examination
of the type lot at tlie Philadelphia Academy of Sciences created some
donbt in
my mind
about this
l)eina- a
texture of the large shell appeared to
liuviatile species.
me
The
thin
as indicating evidence of
a lacustrine form.
Inquiry as to the larger lakes alxnit Wilmington resulted in the

location of Greenfield Pond, about a mile and a half south of the city.
This pond is formed by a broad earthen milldam, about 20 feet high,

which banks up the water between sand dunes, inundating the lowlying ground, and transforming it into a lake, the digitations of
Its greatest width probably
which, extend back for some '^ miles.
does not exceed 400 feet. A large portion is fringed with cypress
and there are several cy])ress-covered islands in it. Tlie trees

more than a foot in diameter, and are all draped
with large festoons of Spanish moss. The water of the lake comes
from springs, is unpolluted, and contains an interesting fauna and
flora.
Conspicuous among the plants were long strings of Potamogeton and several species of pond lilies, the leaves of which extend over
the surface of the wâter. After a half hour's sifting of bottom material and vegetation, I succeeded in finding many small mollusks and
the first fragment of the desired Planorhis. The sieve was discarded
for a time and a s^^stematic search among the heavier aquatic vegetation begun, which resulted shortly in discovering the fii'st perfect
living magnificus. The search continued all day, when, gathering
trees,
are not large, hardly
''
Proceedings U.
Novembei-. 1003, X^'II,

S.
p.
75.

697
698
my
vol. xxxiii.
found myself the possessor of 29 fine Phivpacked in Spanish moss to prevent inThese
orhis.
taken to the hotel. The following- day
and
delicate
edges
juring; their
searching;,
and ended by increasing the number
further
in
was spent
to
40.
found
specimens
of
INIost of the specimens of Piano /'his inogni-ficvs found Avere attached
to the underside of the expanded leaves of the larger species of the
white pond lily, probably a Castalia^ though many were obtained
from the heavy banks of Potamogeton growing in dense masses a
short distance offshore. By pulling these masses and shaking them
the mollusks were dislodged and rose to the surface for a moment
before sinking to the bottom. I was able to find tliem only along the
border of the south side of the lake, the shore line of which consists
of a series of loops, and then only off the west side of the extreme
the results of
labor, I
Avere carefully
points of each loop.
It is quite possible that the shells live in greater
tlie lake, and that they are driven insliore

(See Plate LVII,
with dislodged vegetation by northwest winds.
numbers
figs.
in deeper parts of
T-0.)
Other lakes about Wilmington, as w-ell as the river, were explored

during my visit, but none yielded this large shell nor the new species
described below, which so far confines the distribution of the two to
this lake.
There are many interesting features about the very jirofuse molI found among other fornis a neAV Liogyra
and probably also a new Limosina^ the latter, I believe to be the most
luscan life of this lake.
northern record for that genus. I observed also a curious habit of

the white pond lily of forming a circlet of fleshy roots on the stem,
about a foot below the expanded leaves. Many of these were floating
free near the edge of the pond, where they undoubtedly become
anchored and start a new plant by this natural slipping process.

The specimens collected were brought home alive some were preserved in alcohol, but the greater number were placed in aquaria,
where it was soon discovered that Planorhis magnifici/s had other
They were
interesting features besides being our largest form.
Xot one of the lot showed even the trace of an eye.
entirely blind.
;
Ivudiments' of this organ, however,

tions. Avhere
it
appears as
if it
may
be seen in miscroscopic sec-
had been covered by the thickened
cuticle.
I was anxious to note
if
the species wôuld reproduce itself in cap-
June 15, 1907, when I left on my vacation, this had not

taken place. Large appetite, slow growth, and a great mortality
sum up the events to that time. The mortality appears to have con-
tivity.
Up
to
tinued until only a few of the mollusks remained.
When
I returned
Washington in September and examined the aquaria, I found

several young specimens of one and a half wdiorls which had been
to
ON PLANORBIS MAGNIFICUSBARTSCH.
NO. 1587.
born during
my
absence,
small but well-defined
and
these, like well-behaved Planorhis^
699
have
eyes on the inner side, at the base of the
tentacles.
Figures
7, 8,
103321,
This shell (Cat. No.

all natural size.
measures: Greatest diameter, 37 mm.; lesser
altitude, 25 mm., and is the largest specimen on
specimen,
U.S.N.M.)
diameter, 2G
represent three views, profile, bottom and top,
and
largest
of the
mm.
record up to date.
PLANORBIS EUCOSMIUS, new

IMiite
LVII,
tiys.
species.
1-3.
Shell resembling Planorhis hicarinatus
Say
in outline but
much
smaller than that species, of yellowish horn color with two rather
broad, briglit chestnut bands.
Entire surface marked by very strong lines of

Shell biconcave.
growth and numerous fine spiral lirations. Upper surface strongly
umbilicated, showing a little more than three and one-half whorls.
A moderately strong carina is situated about halfway between the
periphery and the suture. The upper surface is nuirked b}^ the two
chestnut bands which are of about equal width, a little more than onethird as wide as the space between the dorsal carina and the suture.
The posterior of these bands is a little nearer the suture than the
carina, and the anterior one is about as far anterior to the carina
as the other is posterior to it.
Periphery well rounded.
Base
broadly umbilicated, showing a little more than three and one-half
turns. Outer limiting angle of the umbilicus marked by an obtuse
carina. Aperture decidedly oblique, with somewhat expanded, l)lack
edged peristome; slightly angulated at the posterior carina and more
strongly so at the basal one outer lip reenf orced within by a moder;
ately thick white callus.
Parietal wall covered with a thin callus.
The type (Cat. No. 193890, U.S.N.M.) measures: Greater diammm.; lesser diameter, 5.1 mm.; altitude, 3.1 mm.
The type and 46 specimens (Cat. No. 193800. U.S.N.INI.) were col-
eter, 6.6
lected
by the author
in Greenfield
Pond, near Wilmington, North
Carolina.
PLANORBIS EUCOSMIUS VAUGHANI, new

Plate LVII,
fijis.
subspecies.
4-G.
much narrower and deeper

much stronger and with the
more expanded toward the aperture. The
Similar to Planorhis eucosmius^ but with

basal umbilicus, with the basal carina
last Avhoi'l considerably
and the lines of growth are less strongly developed

than in evcosmius. The ])resent form is also considerably higher than
Planorhis eMcosmius. Three specimens of this subspecies (Cat. No.
spiral sculpture
700
vol. xxxiii.
Wayland Vaughan, at
Burkes Place, Louisiana. The type shows three and one-half whorls
in the umbilicus and measures Greater diameter, 0.7 mm. least diam125719, U.S.N.M.), were collected by Dr. T.
eter, 5.1
mm.
altitude, 3.3
mm.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE
LVII.
Figs.
are enlarged four diameters; figs. 7-9 are natural
Type. Page 099.
Fig. 1. Planorbis eucosniius, top view.
Type.
2. rianorbis eucosmius, bottom view.
1-()
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
size.
Planorbis eueo.smius, profile. Type.

Planorbis eucosmius vaughani, top view. Type. Page 699.
Planorbis eucosmius vaughani bottom view. Type.
Planorbis eucosmius vaughani, profile. Type.
.
Planorbis magnificus, profile. Page 698.

Planorbis magnificus, bottom view.
Planorbis magnificus, top view.
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
2.
3.
Species of Planorbis from
North Carolina and
Louisiana.
PL. LVII
ON CTENOLUCIUS GILL, A NEGLECTED GENUS OF

CHARACIN FISHES, WITH NOTES ON THE TYPICAL
SPECIES.
By Barton
As.si.'itdiil
i'liralar,
Division
A. Bean,
of FisJics.
V.
H.
NntiomiJ Museum.
In a footnote to his Catalogue of the fishes of the east coast of

North America, Greenhmd to Georgia, inserted at the end of the
Proceedings of the
Academy
XTII, for^JSOl (1802), page
name Ctenohicivs
Dr. Theodore N. Gill
for fishes closely allied to the
but having the dorsal

ctenoid, etc.
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,

8,
I quote
fin
jh-o posed
the
Xiphosfomas of Spix,
placed far back, the scales very strongly
Doctor
Gill's note in full
In a species preserved in the ]\Iuseniii of the Smithsonian Institution, nearly

allied to the Xipliosfoinas of Spix, and es[ecially to the Xiiihosloiiia Itujrtd of
Valenciennes,
the
scales
ai'c
covered
with numerous closely approximated
ridges abruptly commFncin;; at the bases of their exposed surfaces
and
ter-
many
strong teeth on the posterior margin, \alcuciennes has

not described the structiire of the scales in the species of Xipliostoiiia known to
him.
But he, as well as Miiller and Trosehel in the "Home Ichthyologicse,"
minating
in
as
have mentioned them as being of moderate size. The ridges and pectinated
margins of those of our fish are so strongly marked that it is scarcely possible
that they should have been ovei']ook(Hl if they occurred in the si)ecies known to
the very excellent naturalists above mentioned.
The dorsal fin of our fish is more posterior than in the ty]ncal Xiphofitomas,
being above the anal; the anus is under the anterior rays of the dorsal. In this
respect it resembles Xi/phostoma maculatuni and A', tinjcta of ^'alenciennes.
Three specimens of the species were collected at Truando by Mr. Arthur Schott
on Lieutenant ^Nlichler's expedition to the Atrato River. They will be described
under the generic name of Ctciiolucius. It must remain undecided whether the
two species of Xiphofitoma of Valenciennes, agreeing in the i)ositiou of the
dorsal and anal fins, are really congeneric.
In 1878, in his paper entitled Zur Fisch-Fauna des MagdalenenStromes, Dr. Franz Steindachner described a species of Characin
from the Magdalena River under the generic name Luciooharax, wîth
Form of body and snout essentially

Xlphostoma. Intermaxillary and lower jaw very long, the
former beset anteriorly with two rows of larger teeth. The palatine
teeth numerous and very small. Dorsal and anal inserted far backthe folloAving characterization:
as in
Proceedinqs U.
S.
National Museum, Vol. XXXIIl No. 1588.

701
702
ward.
Scales of the
body considerably larger than
in
vol.
xxxm.
Xiphostomu.
Lateral line incompletely developed.
An
excellent finnre
cited above
given by Doctor Steindachner in the paper
is
(Plate XIII,
inscul'ptus., is fully
fig,
and the
2),
which
species,
described on pages 51-53.
It
is
is
called
very similar to
hujeta, differing mainly in the depth of body, and may be identical

with that species.
C. maeiilafiis, another species of this group, has 88 scales in the
lateral line, being intermediate in this respect between C. hujeta and
the many-scaled species cuvieri and oeellatum., which have 105 to 106
scales.
The following
genei*a are
now
included in the subfamily Xiphos-
toniincE
Xiijhostoma Spix, Pisces Brasilieiises, 1829, ]>!). 7S-7!). Type, X. curicri.

Ctenolucitis Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 18G1, p. S of appendix.
hujeta.
Type,
Luciocharax Steindachner (a synonym of Ctcnolucius),

des JNIagdalenen-Sti-omes, 1S7S,
Eigenmann
Col., XLV,
Botilcin/crcUa
Smith. Mis.
(similar
1003,
p.
Ziir
Fisch-Fauna
Type, L. mseulptus.
to or identical with Ctcnolucius),
147.
Type, XipJiostoma latcristriga
i)\\
51-5;}.
Bonlenger.
Fowler
BelonocJiaia.jn
Phila.,
LVIII,
(a
I't. 3,
Judging from the
synonym
Oct., lOOC.
of Ctcnolucius), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

i)p.
illustration of
Pisces Brasilienses, Plate
XLII,
ICl-tfU;.
Type,
Ji.
hcani.
Xiphostoma cuvieri,, in Spix's

coming under the sub-
all species
family XipJiostomince probably have pectinate scales. In a recent

Dr. C. PI. Eigenmann says that there is no doubt that the
genera Cfcnolvrivs, Luciocharaoc., and Belonochara.r are identical.
He examined the types of hiijefd and i/isrulpfus while in Europe last
letter,
summer, and has
The following
little
doubt
tliat
they represent the same species.
notes are taken from two specimens of Ctcnolucius
hujeta preserved in the collections of the V. S. National

ing the examples mentioned by Doctor Gill in 1861
Museum,
be-
Description. A male, 9 inches long. Cat. No. 1658, U.S.NM.,

taken in the Truando Piver, a tributary of the Atrato River, United
States of Colombia, winter of 1857 and 1858, A. Schott, collector: *
Head 3; depth 7; eye 3 in snout, 7 in head; D. 10; A. 12 (3, 9)
;
V.
1,
7; scales 49, 5/1/6.
Body
elongate, pike-shaped, entirely covered with strongly pecti-
nate scales; teeth of the jaws in a single series, very regular, pointed
and curved backward; a few strong palatine teeth; mandibular barbels present, one on either side near tip of lower
jaw; upper jaw
strongly curved in anterior part and slightW projecting over the

" Snrvey for Interoceanic Ship Canal via the Atrato and Truando Rivers,
Dec. 1. 1S57, to Mar. 23, 1858. Senate Doc. 9, 2d sess., 36th Cong., VII, Pt. 1,
1860-61.
ON CTENOLUCirS GILL BEAN.
NO. 1588.
703
lower jaw, the latter when closed fitting snugly into the upper; head
entirely covered with flat, finely sculptured, bony processes; fins all
well developed pectorals rather less than half length of head dorsal
fin situated far back, its origin being but slightly in advance of that
of the anal, the extended rays of the latter almost reaching to the
caudal fin; caudal deeply emarginate; tlie anal fin of the male specimen much enlarged caudal peduncle elongate, its length measured
from anal fin to origin of middle caudal rays, being about equal to
;
the leno-th of the snout.
Ctenolucius hujeta.
Color in spirits: ITpper parts rusty (brownish) with faint horilower parts
lighter, silvery; opercular flap silvery; eye dark on top, golden
zontal lines extending on the body from head to caudal
around the jet-black iris, pupil a rusty yellow; dorsal, anal, and
caudal slightly dusky; pectorals and ventrals plain the black ocellus
at origin of caudal very conspicuous.
Another example, a female 8 inches long, from the same source as
the foregoing, has slenderer jaws and a much smaller anal fin.
;
third example from this lot
was
sent years ago to the
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, where

Proc. N.
M.
vol. xxxiii
07
45
it is
now
Academy
preserved.
of
Fill: 811-
WATER CRUSTACEA FROM LABRADOR AND

NEWFOUNDLAND.
By Joseph
A. Cushman,
Of the Boston tiocictij of Natural
Hi.stort/.
It is a well-established fact that the fauna of the eastern coast of
boreal North America
is
very closely related to that of northern
Europe in many ways. An additional evidence of this will be given

here from the relationships of the minute fresh-water Crustacea.
Of the seven species of Cladocera, for instance, all are found in
northern Europe. Certain of these are Arctic species, and in Europe
are found only at higher latitudes, but that is simply an additional
proof of the boreal character of our Labrador coast. As an example
of this, Eurycerciis glaciaUs is found only in the extreme northern
border of Europe, very much farther north than the localities from
which the present material came. Macrofhrix hirsuticornls is recorded here for the first time from the Western Hemisphere. A
single species of Ostracoda was obtained, but that in considerable
numbers.
It
seems not to have been previously described, but
related to certain
is
also a species
European
common
The material on which
to
species.
The
single species of
is
Copepoda
Europe and America.
the present paper
is
based has been pre-
sented to the U. S. National Museum. It was in six separate lots,

five collected on the eastern coast of Labrador at about latitude 52
north,
b}^
Dr. Glover M. Allen.
The other material was from Funk
Island, a small island a considerable distance off the coast of Newfoundland and in about latitude 49 north. It was collected by Mr.
Owen
Brjânt.
The data
1.
From
for these collections are as follows:

St.
July 12, 190G.

2.
July
3.
From
Marys River, running into Lewis Inlet, Labrador,

grass with scum and Sphagnum."
"Among
fresh-water pools on island. Battle Harbor, Labrador.
14, 1906.
From two
fresh-water pools on island, Battle Harbor, Labrador.
July 14, 1906.

Proceedings U.
S.
National Museum, Vol. XXXlll
No. 1589.
705
706
From
4.
small pond on the barren simimit of Great Caribou Island,
opposite Battle Harbor, Labrador.
From
5.
vol. xxxiii.
fresh- water pool, Battle
July 14, 1906.

Harbor, Labrador.
August
1,
1906.
These
five lots of
From
6.
about 30 miles
last lot
material were collected by Dr. Glover M. Allen.
fresh water or very slightly brackish pond,
was
oif
collected
Funk
May,
the northern coast of Labrador.
Island,
1906.
This
by Mr. Owen Bryant.
Order
OSTRACODA.
Family CYPRIDIDiE.
HERFETOC^FRIDIN".^:.
Genus HERPETOCYPRIS Brady and Norman,
SubfaiTiily
HERPETOCYPRIS TESTUDINARIA, new

Plate LVIII,
Length
2.10
mm.; height
figs.
1889.
species.
1-10.
mm.; breadth
0.80
mm.
Shell nearly twice as long as high, the greatest height behind the
middle, the width somewhat less than the height (Plate LVIII, figs.
Surface of the shell with short scattered hairs (Plate

1 and 2).
LVIII, fig. 3), the anterior border minutely crenulated and thickly
with slender hairs. The lucid spots are eight in number, mostly
much longer than wide (Plate LVIII, fig. 4).
The antennula (Plate LVIII, fig. 5) has a single short spine on the
second joint, two on the third joint, and on the fourth two long and
two short seta3. The last three joints have each three long setae.
The antenna (Plate LVIII, fig. 6) has the group of swimming setae
set
very
of the second joint shortened as is usual in this genus. The third joint
has two setae at the middle of the outer border and four on the opThe arrangement of the other setae is shown in the
posite border.
figure.
The first foot (Plate LVIII, fig. 7) has a single spine on each of
the three joints above the last, that one having two spines and the
long claw characteristic of this appendage.
The second foot (Plate LVIII, fig. 8) has a short last joint with a
beak-shaped short claw and a single spine. The penultimate joint
has a single spine at the middle. The antepenultimate joint has a
single spine near the distal end and the basal joint has two spines at
its distal
end.
throughout.
The abdominal furca (Plate LVIII, fig. 9) is smooth

At the base of the proximal one of the two claws is a
short spine (Plate
LVIII,
fig.
10).
Specimens of this species were collected in May, 1906, by Mr.

Bryant at Funk Island, Newfoundland.
T2/pe. Cat. No. 38339, U.S.N.M.
FRESH-WATER CRUSTACEA CUSHMAN.
NO. 1589.
CLADOCERA.
Order
Family
DAPHNID.^.
DAPHNIA
Genus
707
O. F. MUller, 178S.
DAPHNIA PULEX
Plate LIX,
figs.
(DeGeer.)
1-3.
Monociilus ptilex De Geer, Memoires pour servir a Tliistoire natiu-elle des

Inseetes, VII, 1778, p. 442, pi. xxvii, figs. 1-8.
Daphnia pulex Baird, British Entomostraca, 1850, p. 89, pi. vi, figs. 1-3;
LiLLJEBORG, Cladocera Suecise, Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sc.
pi. IX, fig. 5.
pi. xi,
pi. x, figs. 1-9
Upsala, 3cl ser., XIX, 1900, p. 79, pi. ix, fig. 8
figs.
1-11
pi.
Length of female about
The
1-13.
XII, figs.
3.5
mm.
outline of the females of this
and other
to the condition of the ephippium.
Plate
LIX,
fig. 1.
The
species varies according
typical outline
shell sculpture consists of
two
is
shown
in
sets of straight
an oblique angle, forming a network with four-sided meshes.

LIX, fig 2,) has the rostrum more or
less acuminate, by which it diifers from its close ally, D. atkmsoni
Baird. The basal line of the post-abdomen is nearly straight, thus
easily separated from D. 7nagna Strauss, which is very sinuate in
From the two common species, D. hyalina Leydig and D.
outline.
longispina^ O. F. Miiller, it may be distinguished by the spines at the
lines at
The
outline of the head, (Plate
base of the f ureal claws.
(Plate
LIX,
fig.
3.)
This species was common in the material from Labrador, being

found in four of the five lots of material. St. Marys River, July 12,
Great Caribou Island, July 14, 1906, few. Battle
1906, common.
Harbor, July 14, 1906, few. At this last place a little later in the
season, August 1, 1906, the species was abundant and the young in
No males were found in any
all stages of development were found.
of the material. This species is widely distributed both in the Old
World and in America.
Genus SIMOCEPHALUS E. Schoedler, 18S8.

SIMOCEPHALUS SERRULATUS (Koch).
Plate LIX,
figs. 4, 5.
Daphnia scrrulata Koch, Deutsclilands

niden, 1841, Heft 35, pi. xiv.
Criistaceen, Myriapotlen
uud Arch-
Simocephulits serrtilatus E. Schoedler, Die Branchipodeu der Umgegend

von Berlin, Jahresbericht iiber die Louiseustadtische Realsclinle,
Berlin,
1858,
p.
22.
liiLLJEBORG,
Soc. Sc. Upsala, 3d ser.,
XIX,
Cladocera Sueci, Nova Acta Reg.
1900, p. 179, pi. xxvi, figs. 9-16.
Length of females about 2.5 mm.

As in Daphnia, this species varies greatly in outline. In the specimen of which an outline is given (Plate LIX, fig. 4), there were several eggs in the ephippial sac, causing a distention of the body at the
708
This species
iipiêr posterior angle.
may
VOL. XXXIII.
at once be distinguished
from the other two common species, S. vefuhis (O. F. Miiller) and S.
expinosus (Koch), by the head, which is decidedly angled below and
has many small spines (Plate LIX, fig. 4)
The sculpture of the shell
.
consists of nearly parallel lines (Plate
LIX,
5), but
fig.
here and there and in certain parts of the shell

network.
anastomosing
making an
irregular
This species was found in but one of the lots of material, that collected at St. Marys Eiver, Lewis Inlet, Labrador, July 12, 1906. In
this lot of material it was fairly well represented.
No males were
found. The distribution of this species includes Europe and both
North and South America.
LYNCODAPHNID^.
Family
Genus
OPHRYOXUS
G. O. Sars, 1861.
OPHRYOXUS GRACILIS
Plate LIX,
fig.
Om
Ofnjonpus gracilis G. O. Sars,
G. O. Sars.
Plate LX,
de
figs.
1-4.
Omegnen
af Christiana forekom-
mende
Cladocerer, Christiana Videusk, Selsk. Fordhandl., 1861, p. 16.

Ophryoxus gracilis G. O. Sars, Oversigt af Norges Cnistaceer (Brauchi-
opoda, Ostracoda, Cirripedia), Christiana Videusk.

1S90, No. 1, p. 45.
Sc. Upsala,
3d
LX,
ser.,
in the
1.80
mm.
outline of a female specimen of this species
fig. 1.
There
Forhandl.,
Cladocera SueciiB, Nova Acta Reg. See.

XIX, 1900, p. 311, pi. li, figs. 0-11 pi. lii, figs. 1-10.
Length of females about
The
Selsk.
LiLLJEBORG,
is less
is
shown
in Plate
variation in the outline of this species than
two previously noted.
the insertion of the antennula.
The pigment fleck is small and close

The antennula (Plate LIX, fig. 6)
to
is
an organ of complicated structure. There is a double row of setae

along the proximal half of the inner margin, the distal portion being
only slightly spinose, as is the whole of the outer margin. Very near
the upper end is the sense seta, longer and somewhat stouter than the
Close to this is a large pigment fleck which,
setse of the inner margin.
in these specimens, seemed to be larger than those usually found in
this species. At the distal end of the antennula are three lanceolate
projections and several shorter, smaller ones. One point which has
not been particularly noted
is
the peculiar median constriction in the
in Plate LIX, fig. 6.

This is
The post-abdomen (Plate LX, fig. 2) has, besides the strong terminal claws, a series of smaller projections. These are not smooth
as usually shown but, as may be seen in the enlargement of the fourth
projection (Plate LX, fig. 3), are fringed on the posterior border by
filamentous projections decreasing in length toward the base. The
various appendages have a complicated structure, as may be seen
lanceolate spines.
shown
from the figure of the second foot (Plate LX,
fig.
4).

FRESH-WATER CRUSTACEA CUSHMAN.
NO. 1589.
709
This species was found in but one of the lots of material, that
But few specimens
St. jNIarys River, Labrador, Julj^ 12, 1906.
The small number of specimens found is surprising,
present.
from
were
as this species
is
a northern one, beino- found in the northern part
of Europe and America.
Genus MACROTHRIX Baird, 1843.

MACROTHRIX HIRSUTICORNIS Norman and Brady.
Plate LX.
figs.
5-7
Plate LXI,
fig. 1.
Mncrothrir hlrsuticonti.s Norman and Brady, A Monograph of the British

Entomostraca, Nat. Hist. Trans, of Northumberland and Durham, I,
Lilljeborg, Cladocera Suecite. Nova
1867, p. 10, pi. XXIII, figs. 6, 7.
Acta Reg. Soc. Se. Upsala, 3d ser.. XIX. p. 34G, pi. v. figs. G-1-1.
Length of females a
little less
than
mm.
The general appearance of this species is shown in Plate LX, fig 5.

The pigment fleck is nearly as large as the eye and is directly below
it.
The antennula (Plate LX, fig. 6) is long and club-shaped with
a long sensory seta near the proximal end. The anterior margin has
sevei'al rows of short setae increasing in number in the rows as the
The posterior margin is nearly smooth.
distal end is approached.
At the distal end of the antennula are two long lanceolate projecand several shorter more slender ones.
The antenna (Plate LXI, fig. 1) has the outer two joints of each
ramus with a series of short setse. The three-jointed ramus has a
tions
long process from the basal joint with short spines instead of the
The post-abdomen is shown in Plate LX,
ciliary seta^ of the others.

fig- ".
few specimens of this species were found in the material from

Island, Newfoundland, collected by Mr. Bryant, May, 1906.
This species is widely distributed in the Old World but has not
previously been reported from America. In some of its characters
this approaches the more northern forms of the species.
Funk
Genus ACANTHOLEBERIS W. Lilljeborg, 18S3.

ACANTHOLEBERIS CURVIROSTRIS (O. F. Muller).
Plate LXI,
Daphne
Clirvirostris O. F.
Muller,
figs.
2-1.
Zoologiiie
Danicoe Prodromus, 177G,
p.
200, No. 2403.
AcanthoJcheris curvirostris Lilljeborg, De Crustaceis ex ordinibus tribus;

Cladocera, Ostracoda, et Copepoda, in Scania occurrentibus, 1853, p.
52, pi. IV, figs. 5-7; pi. xxiii, figs. 10, 11:
Reg. Soc. Sc. Upsala, 3d
ser.,
XIX,
Cladocera
1900, p. 375,
Suecijip,
pi.
Nova Acta
lvii, fig. 17;
pi.
LVIII, figs. 1-17.
Length of females about 1.5 mm.

The outline and general appearance of this species is shown in
Plate LXI, fig. 2. The eye is large and the pigment fleck very small
710
and
close to the point of the rostrum.
The antennula
vol. xixiii.
(Plate
LXI, fig.
3) is claviforni Avith the anterior border set with short spines through-
length. The sensory seta is near the proximal end. The

end of the antennula is obliquely truncate, slightly spinose,
especially on the posterior angle, and with about nine lanceolate
processes of varying lengths. The antennae (Plate LXI, fig. 4) have
the margins of the joints spinose. From the basal joint of the threejointed ramus is a long process, longer than any of the others and
much stouter. The outer joint of this is armed with short, stout
out
its
distal
spines.
A few specimens of this species were found in the material from

Great Caribou Island, opposite Battle Harbor, Labrador, July 14,
1906.
This species is widely distributed in Europe and North
America.
Family
LYNCEID^.
Genus EURYCERCUS Baird, 1843.

EURYCERUS GLACIALIS Lilljeborg.
Plate LXI,
fig.
Plate LXII,
figs.
1-3.
Eurycercus glaciaUs Lilljeborg, Contributions to the Natural History of the

Commander Islands, On the Entomostraca collected by Mr. Leonhard
Stejneger, on Bering Island, 1882-83, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887,
p. 154; Cladocera Suecife, Nova Acta Reg. Soc. So. Upsala, 3d ser.,
XIX,
1900, p. 393,
pi.
Lx,

This
is
fig.
4.5
11, pi. LXI, figs. 1-13.
mm.
the largest species in the collections and one of the largest
The outline and general appearance is shown in

The pigment fleck is small and placed some distance back from the rostrum. The ornamentation of the shell is made
up of a network of irregular polygonal meshes (Plate LXII, fig. 3).
The antennula (Plate LXI, fig. 5) is broadest near the basal portion
and then gradually tapers toward the outer end. It is marked by rows
of fine setee arranged in three rows as seen from one side. The distal
end has a number of short spinose projections, and at the end of the
antennula are inserted a number of elongated projections. The
of the Cladocera.
Plate
LXII,
fig. 1.
is close to the distal end of the antennula, thus differing

from E. lamellatus {O. F. Midler), wdiich has it at about the middle
and broadest part. The post-abdomen (Plate LXII, fig. 2) is large
and bordered by a row of closely set teeth. The borders of this part of
the animal are much thicker and darker in color than in the common
sense seta
species E. lamellatus (O. F. Miiller).
A number of specimens of this species were found by Doctor Allen

Harbor, Labrador, on July 14 and August
Great Caribou Island July 14, 190G.
at Battle
1,
1906,
and on
FRESH-WATER CRUSTACEA CUSHMAK
NO. 1589.
711
This species was originally described from Bering Island, one of

Commander Islands off Alaska. It has also been found in Greenland, Nova Zembla, and along the Arctic coast of northern Europe.
It is clearly an Arctic species and its occurrence in southern Labrador
is only an added indication of the boreal conditions there, although
so much farther south than most of the previous records.
the
Genus CHYDORUS Leach; Baird 1843.

CHYDORUS SPHiERICUS (O. F. MuUer).
Plate LXII,
Lynccus sphwricus O.
iu
F.
fig. 4.
Muller, Entomostraca seu Insecta testacea, qua?
aquis Danise et NorvegiiP reperit. descripsit, et iconibus iUustravit,
1785, p. 71, pi. IX, figs. 7-9.
Cliydorus sphcericxis Baird, British Entomostraca, 1850, p. 12G, pi. xvi, fig.
8.
LiLLJEBORG, Cladocera Suecife, Nova Acta Reg. See. Sc. Upsala, 3d
ser.,
XIX,
1900, p. 561, pi. lxxvii,
O.-IO
figs.
8-25.
mm.
This small species is to be looked for in every collection of Cladocera, as it has a worldwide distribution, being found in North and
South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia. It is found
far inside the Arctic Circle in Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla, and in
warmer regions such as Algiers and Senegal.
number of specimens were obtained at Funk Island, Newfoundland, by Mr. Bryant
in May, 1906.
It was not obtained at Labrador, probably because
no bottom material was taken, the forms being all surviving species
and taken with a net. The post-abdomen is shown in Plate LXII,
fig. 4.
Order
COPEPODA.
Family
Genus
CALANID^.
DIAPTOMUS
^VestÂôod, 1836.
DIAPTOMUS EISENI
Plate LXII,
Lilljeborg.
figs. 5, G.
ciseni Lilljeborg, in De Guerne, J., and Richards, J. Revision

des Calanides d'eau douce, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., II, 1889, p. 96, pi. i, figs.
Diaptomus
19, 20, 33.
Length of males about 3.5 mm.

fifth feet of the male of this sjêcies are shown in Plate LXII,
fig. 6, and the tip of one of the stylets in fig. 5.
This is a comparatively large species and was found in considerable numbers by Doctor
Allen at Battle Harbor, Labrador, July 14, 1906. The species is
common to Europe and America, and is widely distributed in this
country. For help in the identification of this species I am indebted
to Mr. A. S. Pearse, to whom specimens were submitted.
.
The
712
Plaie LVIII.
Herpetocyinis testudinaria,
Fig.
from side.
from below.
Sliell
Shell
o.
.Ulterior border of shell.
4.
"
5.
Auteuiiula.
6.
Antenna.
20.
X 45.
X 45.
75.
75.
7.
First foot.
8.
Second
9.
Abdominal furca.
10.
" of shell.
X
X
species.
20.
1.
2.
Lucid spots
new
foot.
Tip of furca.
75.
75.
75.
100.
Plate LIX.
Daplima puJcx (De Geer).

Fig.
1.
2.
3.
Outline of female from side. X 25.

Outline of head of female from side.
Furca of female. X 55.
Himocephalus
4.
Outline of female from side.
5.
Shell sculpture.
seiriila1u>i
55.
(Koch).
25.
25.
Ophnjo.ras gracilis G. O. Sars.

G.
Antennula of female.
125.
Plate LX.
Ophryo.rvs
Fig.
1.
2.
.3.
4.
fn-acilis
Outline of female from side. X 25.

Furca of female. X 125.
Fourth small claw of furca. X 240.
Second foot of female. X 125.
Macrotlirix Jiirsuticon}i.s
(>,

Antennula of female. X 125.
7.
Furca of female.
5.
G. O. Sare.
Norman and Brady.
55.
90.
Plate LXI.
Macrothrix MrHuticornis Norman and Brady.
Fig. 1. Antenna> of female.
90.
Aeantholchcris curvirostris (O. F. Miiller).
?>.

Antennula of female. X 240.
4.
Auteumi of female.
2.
55.
55.
vol. xxxiit.
FRESH-
NO. 1589.
WATEB CRUSTACEA CUSEMAN.
Eurycerciis gkiciaJis Lilljeborg.

5,
Anteuuula of female.
125.
Plate LXII.
Eurycercns
Pig. 1. Outline of female
from
side.
2.
Post abdomeu of female.
3.
Shell sculpture.
Furca of female.
55.
Fifth feet of male.
"
(O. F. Miiller).
240.
stylet of male.
Caudal
6.
20.
40.
si)h(cricus
DiaptomuH
5.
55.
Chydorus
4.
f/Jacialis Lilljeborg.
55.
eiscni Lilljeborg.
713
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
Fresh-Water Crustacea from Labrador and Newfoundland.

PL.
LVIII
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL. LIX
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL.
LX
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

For explanation of plate see pages 712-713
PL. LXI
U.
S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM

PL. LXII
ON A COLLECTION OF THYSANOPTEROUS INSECTS

FEOM BARBADOS AND ST. VINCENT ISLANDS.
By Hekky James Franklin,
Of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst.
Most of the specimens on which this paper is based were collected

Barbados Island during the summer of IDOo by
Mr. C. C. Gowdey, a student in the Massachusetts Agricultural College.
The facts concerning localities, food, plants, dates of capture,
etc., Avere also supplied by Mr. (lowdey.
in different parts of
Of
the eleven districts in the island, three, namely, St. Michael,
Thomas, and St. Peters are represented, there l)eing in all 310
specimens from Barbados, representing 9 species of which 4 appear
Thirty-four specimens of Heliothnps are from
to be new" to science.
the island of St. Vincent, having been collected there in March, 1905,
by Mr. H. A. Ballon, Government Entomologist, British West Indies.
St.
As
the Thysanoptera in this part of the world have received
little
on account of the new

contains but also because of the added knowledge
attention the collection
is
interesting, not only
forms which it
which it furnishes concerning the distribution of those already
known. Two of the species more commonly found here are most
closely allied with very well-known and common European forms.
It may also be mentioned that Heliothrips hdemorrhoidalis^ so
abundant in a large portion of the world, is represented by numerous specimens, and three species, so far as known, restricted to the
Western Hemisphere, are also present.
Family
.EOLOTHRIPID.E.
Of this family there is but a single immature specimen which I

have been unable to determine Avith certainty.
Family THRIPID.E.
This family
is
represented by four species, as follows:
I.
EUTHRIPS INSULARIS, new
Plate LXIII,
Female.
0.31
mm.
mm.
Length,
to 0.43
tigs. 1, 2, 3, 5, G,
1.43
mm.;
mm.
to 2,12
Plate
species.
LXV,
flgs. 10, 24.
mm.; width
of mesothorax,
greatest wddth of abdomen, 0.33
mm.
to 0.4.5
General color brown.

Proceedings U.S. National Museum^ Vol. XXXIII-No. 1590.
715
716
VOL. XXXIII.
Head from
If to 1| times as wide as it is long; widest across the

very slightly narrowed behind square in front. Vertex slightly
elevated between the bases of the antennae. A rather conspicuous
ridge runs transversely across the back of the head at some distance
behind the eyes. There are, besides this, a few other similar but
eyes,
much
conspicuous ridges running parallel with it on the same

Eyes large (occupying together about twothirds the width of the head), conspicuous and with a slight tendency
to protrude.
Ocelli fully as large as the facets of the eye, and well
less
general part of the head.
separated; the two posterior ones almost touching the margins of

the eyes; yellow in color and bordered Avith dark reddish crescents.
Cheeks nearly straight, bulging but slightly. Spines between ocelli

on each side long and conspicuous; ]Dost ocular spines shorter but yet
very prominent. Face (ventral view of head, fig. 5) Avith a large
and conspicuous spine on each side of the middle at some distance
behind the eyes also with a rather conspicuous pair, the two nearer
the middle line especially so, between the eyes and placed at some
distance back from the bases of the antenna?.
On each side of the
head, behind the eye, there is also a rather noticeable spine. On each
side, in front of the anterior ocellus, there is a small
but characteris-
There are other spines on the head, both above and below,
but these are the most remarkable. Mouth cone pointed and rather
slender, reaching back two-thirds across the prosternum; maxillary
palpi three segmented, the basal segment being fully tAvice as thick
as the apical one.
Antennae about as long as the head and prothorax
taken together, inserted a little beloAA^ the margin, their bases separated by little more than one-fourth the thickness of the basal
segment; relative lengths of segments as folloAvs:
tic spine.
Number
of
segment
12
Spaces of micrometer covering
it
45678
9.5 18.8 20.3 19.9 15 20 4.7 5.1
The three basal segments thickest, the first being thicker than the
second and the second thicker than the third; fifth and sixth subFirst segment rounded conical in form, somewhat thicker
than long; second cup-shaped, the third and fourth fusiform. Spines
on the antennae for the most part quite strong and conspicuous, dark
colored. Sense organs Avell developed; cones on segments three and
four forked. Color of segment one and two brown; three and four
yellow, four slightly tinged Avith broAvn on its apical half five yellow
at base, light grayish brown at apex; six, seven, and eight grayish
equal.
broAvn.
Prothorax rounded, one and one-half times as broad as long about

one and one-fourth times as wide as the head from 1.15 to 1.3 times as
long as the head bearing a pair of long stout spines at each angle of
;
the
notum
also one short anteriorly directed spine standing close to
NO. 1590.
ON SOME
NEW WEST INDIAN
THRIPS FRANKLIN.
7 17
the lower one of each anterior pair. Between the upper spines of the anterior pairs there are two much smaller ones near the anterior border
of the prothorax, one on each side of the middle line. Between the
two upper spines of the pairs on the ]:)osterior angles a row of shorter
ones runs along the hind border; of these the second from the median
line on each side is much the stoutest and longest. Color of prothorax a somewhat lighter brown than that of the head, about like that
of the j^terothorax and abdomen. Mesothorax about one and one-half
times as wide as the prothorax mesonotal plate with one strong
and conspicuous spine on each lateral angle and with one median and
tAvo lateral spines on each side near the posterior margin. IMesosternum with one long conspicuous spine on each side, placed near the
lateral angle. Metathorax tapering slightly b\it distinctly posteriorly, distinctly narrower than mesothorax width at posterior end only
about four-fifths the greatest width of the mesothorax. Endothoracic invagination of metathorax Y shaped.
Metasternum with a long
conspicuous spine somewhat behind the middle on each side. Metanotal plate bearing four spines at the anterior edge, the middle pair
being very much more stout and conspicuous.
AVings about reaching the anterior margin of the seventh abdominal segment breadth at middle about one-twelfth their length somewdiat shaded with brown except the basal fourth which is clear;
;
scale often shaded soniewhat as well as the costa at the base fringes
of both the fore and hind wings rather strongl}^ stained with brown.
;
Each
to
tip
to
fore wing has two longitudinal veins extending from base

which bear sjînes at regular intervals as follows: Costa 22
28; fore vein 20 to 23; hind vein lo to 18; scale 5, besides a pair at
the tip; a light sparse fringe on costal border of each wing; posterior
fringes long, heavy, and Avith the individual hairs quite crinkly in
the middle.
Wings
bearing, besides the spines and fringes, numerous
minute spines arranged
in rows which run lengthwise of the wing.

General surface of the legs with a considerable number of spines;
each tibia with a pair at its extremity; posterior tibia; each witli a
conspicuous longitudinal comb-like row of seven or eight rather stout
spines on the inner side posterior tarsi with the basal segment of each
bearing several spines at its distal end. Coxoe and femora brown,
sometimes very light, the anterior pair tipped slightly with yellow.
Fore tibiffi yellow, middle and hind tibia? deep In-own, sometimes
slightly tipped Avith light yelloAv all the tarsi light yelloAv, with a
small but conspicuous dark spot on their inner sides toAvard their
;
tips.
Abdomen elongate ovate in general outline, at base only about

three-fourths as Avide as the metathorax, widest at fifth and sixth
segments, pointed at apex, tAvo and one-half to three times as long as
broad, broAvn and Avith brown spines, those toward the tip being long
718
vol. xxxiii.
and heavy, tenth segment with apical three- fourths split above. Each
ventral abdominal plate in front of the base of the ovipositor, except
segments one and two, with a transverse row of six prominent spines
on the posterior border, three on each side of the middle line. Posterior border of the eighth dorsal plate denticulate.
plates strongly denticulate behind.
a strong spine on
its
Each
Ventral pleural
dorsal pleural plate with
lower posterior corner.
Type.Cî. No. 11360, U.S.N.M.

Described from fifteen females (cotypes), of which six (one slide)
are deposited in the collection of the United States National Museum
and the remaining nine (three slides) in the collection of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. There are also numerous paratypes
in the collection of the latter institution.
Male.
0.22
Length,
mm.
0.96
mm. width of head, 0.17 mm. to

mm. to 0.28 mm. width of mesomm. greatest width of abdomen, 0.21 mm.
mm.
to 1.5
Avidth of prothorax, 0.18
thorax, 0.23
mm.
to 0.38
mm.
Color gray-brown to brown, generally lighter than the

female; head and apical segments of the abdomen the darkest portions; pterothorax generally lightest. Antennse about two and onethird times as long as the head; relative lengths of segments as
to 0,32
follows
AAA
^L JL __
_i_ ^^
7.8 9.8 15.2 15.2 11.4 14.4 3.1 3.8
Wings reaching but

abdominal segment.
The
little
beyond the
anterioi' l)()rder of the seventh
third to seventh, inclusive, ventral abdominal plates each with
a transverse sole-shaped
marking
in the middle, this
about one-half as long as the plate
marking being
Abdomen
widest at
Anterior femora thickened, about two-fifths as
wîde as the head, proportionally thicker than in the female.
On the
middle of each side and on each posterior angle of the ninth abdominal segment is a very large strong spine, and a similar one is present
on each posterior dorsal angle of the tenth segment. All these spines,
is
wide.
the fourth segment.
as wêll as most of the others of any prominence on the apical seg-
ments, are dark colored.

Described from thirteen specimens (cotypes) of which four (two
one of these being the slide which has the female type specislides
mens) are deposited in the collection of the United States National
Museum and
the remaining nine (five slides) in the collection of the
Massachusetts Agi-icultural College.

Food plants. Black willow, Bonaviste (a legume), eddoe (a variety of yam), bean, roses (several varieties), guinea grass, potato,
papaw, pepper, tobacco, white wood, Cordia (red), woolly pyrol. ConUsually found
volvulus., ground nut, arrow root, yam, flamboyant.
on flowers and in colonies.
ON SOME NEW WEST INDIAN THRIPS FRANKLIN.
NO. T590.
Specimens taken at Glendor,
Cane Garden,
St.
Michael; Newstead,
Thomas; Spring,
St.
719
St. Peters;
Thomas; St. Anns, St.

^Michael Walmoral Lodge,
St.
Michael Bellevue, St.

Dates of capture range from July 20 to September 5.
This species is most closely allied to the European PJufhrips vvlgaIt may. ho^Yever, be separated from that species
tissinuis (Haliday).
Michael
Belle, St.
St. Michael.
by the presence of postocular bristles and by the color of the males.

This appears to be the most common species in Barbados, as it is
represented in the collection by 135 females and 47 males.
An
unusual deformity
is
the double front ocellus seen in one of the
males.
EUTHRIPS TRITICI
2.
Of
(Fitch).
and 20 males in the collection.

most abundant species in the island. In Barbados this insect was taken on the following new food plants: Black
willow, tomato, frangipani, papaw, Avatermelon, cotton, horse-radish
tree, Hihlscus, Crotolaria, white wood, bean, Ipomea, Bermuda lilies,
and eddoe (a variety of yam).
Specimens taken at St. Anns, Belle, Glendor, Bellevue, Waterford,
Pine Estate, and Walmoral Lodge, St. Michael Cane Garden and
Spring, St. Thomas; Newstead, St. Peters. On flowers and leaves,'
often in colonies. Dates of capture ranging from July 12 to August 22.
this sjoecies there are G4 females
It seems to be the second
3.
HELIOTHRIPS H.(EMORRHOIDALIS
(Bouche).
This species is represented by 27 females and several larval specimens.

common greenhouse pest in Europe and the United States,
and in those parts of the world confined almost entirely to greenhouses. This species is found in the open in St. Vincent and Barbados. It is evidently a tropical species. Some of its food plants in St.
Vincent are cacao, and kola, and in Barbados it is found on date
jâlms.
Specimens taken on St. Vincent and at Glendor, St. Michael, BarInsects found in colonies on leaves and flowers.
The larvae of this species, at least as they approach maturity, are
yellow in color and have the abdomen for the most part covered over
Avith small, wart-like elevations.
Most of the hairs on the body,
except at the tip of the abdomen, are knobbed. The apical abdominal
segments are somewhat tubular, and thus present an appearance similar to that seen in the Phlaâtliripida.
These apical segments are
usually slightly stained on the sides with brown.
bados.
4.
HELIOTHRIPS RUBROCINCTUS
Plate
Female.
to 0.23
LXIV,
figs, 10,
14
Length, 0.92 mm. to
mm.; width
Proc. N.
M.
vol.
Plate
xxxiii 07
46
figs. 17, 20, 21.
mm. width of head, 0.16 nun.

0.20 mm. to 0.25 mm.; width of
1.12
of prothorax,
LXV,
(Giard).
720
vol.
xxxm.
mm. to 0.36 mm.; greatest width of abdomen, 0.38

mm. Color of head and thorax rather light brown,
mesothorax, 0.31
mm.
to 0.41
in some specimens almost black, at

Entire body, together with the legs, showing reticulating chitinous thickenings over a good share of its surface. These
are heaviest on the head, the sides of the pterothorax, the sides of the
dorsum of the abdomen, and on the femora. Head fully one and onehalf times as wide as long, outline very irregular and rough cheeks
rather bulging behind the eyes, slightly notched a little behind the
abdomen usually very dark brown,
tip
much
lighter.
middle.
Eyes protruding somewhat, the two together occupying
nearly one-half the width of the head. Ocelli large and yellow in
color, the posterior pair widely separated from the borders of the
margined inwardly by dark reddish crescentric pigmentaDorsal surface of head with a rather strong conspicuous spine
in front of each posterior ocellus there are three other less conspicuous spines on each side of the dorsal surface behind the eyes, and
the extreme sides of the head bear still others. Dorsal surface of head
strongly reticulated except toward the posterior margin. Frons not
reticulated; bearing a considerable number of rather conspicuous
spines in front there is a single spine on each side not far from the
base of the antenna on each side, almost straight behind these, there
behind
is a single similar one not quite back to the middle of the eye
eyes; all
tion.
on each side close to the margin of the eye, there are two similar
spines; several others like these are present toward the posterior margin of the frons. Mouth cone not reticulated, pointed, but with
broadly rounded labium, reaching to the anterior border of the mesosternum. Maxillary palpi two segmented, the second segment
nearly twice as long as the first. Antenna? about two and one-fifth
times as long as the head, their bases separated by about twice the
thickness of the basal segment. Kelative lengths of segments as
these,
follows
J^
^ 3_
J^^
8^
1_
5.7 11 14 17.8 10.8 7.3 3.3 7.5
Segment one short (-ylindrical two imich the thickest, reticulated

and constricted at the base; three and four modioliform; five narrow at base but broad at distal end where it is quite squarely cut off
;
narrowest at distal end; seven considerably thicker at base than at apex; eight slender and tapering
gradually to apex, where it bears a single very long slender bristle.
Segments one aud two brown; three light translucent, slightly tinged
with grayish brown on the distal half four light translucent, slightly
tinged with grayish brown about the middle basal half of five light
translucent, shading into brown on distal half; six brown; seven
and eight light grayish brown.
six abrujitly constricted at base,
NO. 1590.
OX SOME NEW WEST INDIAN THRIPS FRANKLIN.
721
Spines on the six basal segments for the most part very long, dark
colored and conspicuous; those on the third, fourth, and fifth seg-
ments especially so; the conspicuous spines on these three segments

arise from somewhere near around the middle of the segments. The
third and fourth segments each bear prominent and well-developed
forked sense cones.
Prothorax transverse, only about two-thirds as long as the head but

to two and two-thirds times as wide as it is long; rounded
at the angles; rather suddenly constricted in front; surface hnely
cross striated; on the extreme sides of the anterior margin there is
a single noticeable rather short curved spine on each side: also near
this margin, on each side of the dorsum, there is a single noticeable
spine at some little distance from the middle line near each posterior
angle there is another similar spine, and near the hind margin on
Mesothorax
each side of the middle line there is still another.
strongly reticulated on the sides; mesoscutum with a pair of noticeable spines on each side, placed toward the extreme sides, the hinder
one of each pair being somewhat the smaller; on each side of and
at some distance from the middle there is another pair of spines,
the hinder spine of each pair being stronger than the anterior one
and placed at a greater distance from the middle line. Surface of
mesoscutum finely cross striate like the pronotum; mesosternum not
reticulated except on its extreme sides; metathorax slightly narrower
than mesothorax; metascutum strongly reticulated with a small but
noticeable spine on each side almost on the anterior margin and not
very far from the angles; there is also a pair of very conspicuous
spines, one on each side, at about the middle of the median triangular
portion.
Sides of metathorax strongly reticulated; metasternnm
not reticulated except on extreme sides. Endothoracic invaginations
of metathorax extending forward slightly- into the mesothorax. Fore
wings uniform brown in color, reaching to or beyond the end of the
abdomen; rather slender (about thirteen times as long as they are
wide in the middle) but apparently quite powerful; hind IVinges
very long, more than one-half as long as the wdngs themselves, concolorous with the wings as are alsî the scales.
Spines on veins long and stout, dark colored and set at uniform
distances except toward the tip of the wing where they are less regular and farther apart; the costa bears thirteen or fourteen, fore
vein ten to twelve, hind vein ten or eleven, scale three or four besides
Anterior fringe of fore wangs of strong but not
a pair at its tip.
very long hairs, concolorous with the spines on the veins, much darker
brown than the wings themselves. Hind wings with their outer
halves strongly tinged with brown but with their basal halves light
and clear; with a very noticeable vein of a darker coloi- than the
remainder of the wing running down the middle of each; both fore
from two
722
vol.
xxxm.
and hind fringes very strong, concolorous with the hind fringes of
Legs rather short and thick, the fore pair shortest
and hind pair longest. Coxa? and femora brown; tibia? brown at
base but shading out more or less to very light transhicent yellow at
distal ends; posterior tibia armed with a pair of stout spines at the
tip; tarsi all light colored; coxa.\ femora, and tibia? all reticulated,
the femora very strongly so, and bearing strong spines.
the fore Avings.
Abdomen
rather elongate-ovate, pointed at tip; reticulated but

on the middle of the dorsal segments but very sti'ongly so on
the sides and on the pleural plates; ventral surface not reticulated.
Across each of the second to eighth dorsal plates, inclusive, someAvhat back from its {Ulterior margin, runs a very noticeable ii'regular
thickening. On the hinder margin of the eighth dorsal plate is a
transverse row of long comb-like teeth, which, on account of their
color, are very inconspicuous and can only be seen with difficulty
ev^n with the high powers of the microscope. On each side of each
of the second to eighth ventral plates inclusive are three very noticeThere are
able spines, placed at about the middle of the segment.
conspicuous spines on nearly all the dorsal segments; those on segment ten being for the most part small and weak; while those near
the posterior dorsal margin of segment nine are very large and
The areas on the dorsal plates, which are not reticulated,
strong.
bear numerous minute sjDines. Abdomen much darker colored than
head or thorax, usually with the tip much lighter, the apical segment
being about as light as the thorax. In many specimens a band of
bright red hypoclermal pigmentation is to be seen in segments one,
two, and three of the abdomen in nearly all specimens a small patch
of similar pigment is noticeable at the tip of segment ten and usually
protruding somewhat from it. Redescribed from seven specimens.
I have redescribed this sex as Giard's description does not seem to
little
be sufficiently complete.
Male.
Length, 1.07 mm.
thorax, 0.17
thorax, 0.25
color
ments
much
width of head, 0.18 mm. width of promm. width of mesothorax, 0.28 mm. width of metamm. greatest width of abdomen, 0.24 mm. General
;
Relative lengths of antennal seg-
like that of female.
123
678
5 10 13 15.5 8.5 7 4 9
Wings
relatively shorter than in the female, not reaching the
of the abdomen.
Abdomen
end
blunt at the end, with two pairs of very
large and characteristic dark-colored spines on the posterior part of
the
dorsum of the ninth segment, the smaller of these two
is situ-
ated immediately behind the larger and the spines of both pairs are
close together,
one on each side of the middle line of the abdomen.
ON SVME
NO. 1590.
XEW WEST
INDIAN TIIRIPS FRANKLIN.
723
On
each of the third to seventh ventral abdominal plates, inclusive,

is a single round ver}' noticeable median spot or marking of a
slightl)^ lighter color than that of the snrroiniding integument lothere
cated near the anterior margin of the segment.

constricted slightly
and broadly
reticulated areas on the
The abdomen is
The
in front of the ninth segment.
abdomen have about
the same arrangement
as in the female.
Described from a single specimen (presumably the type of this sex,

as Giard* appears to have described only the female) deposited in the
collection of the Massachusetts Agricultural College.
Specimens taken on
Found
cacao and kola.
Larca.
St.
Vincent Island, British West Indies, on
in colonies on leaves
At least in their
and
flowers.
later stages the larv are bright yellow
wide bright red hypodermal pigment band running across the

abdomen on the upperside and with the abdomen tipped
with bright red on account of the hypodermal pigment. The posterior corners of some of the intervening segments are also often
touched slightly with red. Head also usually irregularly mottled
more or less, especially about the eyes with reddish or orange pigwith
base of the
ment.
Mature nymph.
mm.
0.27
Length, about 0.92 mm.;
width of thorax, about

mm. Colored in
greatest width of abdomen, about 0.37
general like the adult insect but lighter as a rule, especially the abdo-
men
abdomen is quite
Shape more chunky than that of the adult, the segments
of the body being drawn closely together. Wings rather darker than
in adult. Red pigment at apex of abdomen conspicuous. The wingpads reach to about the seventh segment.
This species was originally described by Giard as Physop'iis riihro;
the band of red pigment at the base of the
noticeable.
cincta,
It
is
but
its
structure places
it
very clearly in the genus Heliothrips.

West Indies, having been reported
a great j)est on cacao in the
from Grenada, St. Lucia, Dominica, and Guadeloupe. It is said to

have the cashew tree, the guava, and the Liberian coffee among its
food plants. While apparently closely allied it does not seem to be
the same species of Thrips, which has been reported as injurious to
cacao in Ceylon. The following references concerning this insect are
important
1.
2.
Giard, A., Bull. Soc. de France, 1901, pp. 263-265.

(Original description.)
Bulletin, II, 1901, pp. 175-180.
(Figs. 1, 2.)
(Treatment dis-
West Indian
cussed. )
3.
West Indian
4.
Ballon, H. A.,
5. Elot, A.,
Bulletin, II, 1901, pp. 288-289.
West Indian
Compt. Keud, Soc.
Bulletin, VI, 1906. pp. 94-97.

Biol. Paris, LIX, pp. 100-102.
724
vol.
xxxm.
Family PH0P:0THRIPID.F:.
Five species represent this family, as follows
ANTHOTHRIPS
I.
Plate LXIII,
Female.
to 0.20
fig.
Length,
mm. width
;
S; Plate
1.01
GOÂ^DEYI, new
LXIV,
mm.
figs. 15,
to 1.73
species.
10; Plate
LXV,
23.
flg.
mm.; width
of head, 0.14
mm.
mm.
of mesothorax, 0.21
to 0.33
mm.
greatest
width of abdomen, 0.21 mm. to 0.35 mm. General color deep brown,
appearing irregularly mottled more or less with dark reddish or purple hypodermal pigmentation, especially the thorax.
Head of about equal length and breadth, yet often somewhat wider
behind than in front; cheeks straight or very sligtly bulging behind
the eyes. Vertex somewhat elevated between the bases of the anDorsal surface finely cross striated. Eyes small, finely
tenna?.
faceted; ocelli quite large, much larger than the facets of the eyes,
and well separated, bordered medially by dark red pigment crescents anterior ocellus placed far forward, almost touching the bases
Postof the antennse; posterior ocelli touching margins of eyes.
ocular bristles long and knobbed at the end. Mouth cone reaching to
the middle of the prosternum, pointed, but Avith bluntly rounded
labium. Antennae about one and one-half times as long as the head,
with bases set very closely together. Relative lengths of segments as
;
follows
2_ _3
5_
^ J_ ^
6.8 9.8 10.8 12.2 11.8 9.3 8.9 6.4
Most of the segments
quite thick for their length, the fourth being
slightly thicker than any of the others, the third next thickest.
Segment one truncate, conical; two constricted toward the base into
a broad stalk, cut off squarely at end three slenderly stalked at base,
rather broadly rounded; four elliptical in general form, constricted
at base to form a broad stalk; five and six oval in outline and also
;
form stalks seven barrel-shaped eight conical.

Segments one and two deep brown three and four yellow five yellow but slightly tinged with brownish on distal half six light brownish yellow lighter at base seven and eight deep brown, concolorous
with the two basal segments. Spines weak; sense cones short, but
constricted at bases to
mostly rather sharp pointed.

Prothorax subequal in length with the head broader behind than
in front; fore and hind margins nearly parallel, gently curved; pronotum bears on each side of its front part a pair of spines; of its
middle portion, a single spine; of its hind portion, a pair of spines;
Mesothorax somewhat wider
all these are conspicuous and knobbed.
straight, but metathorax
nearly
pterothorax
sides
of
than prothorax
;
ON SOME NEW WEST INDIAN TKRIPS FRANKLIN.
No. 1590.
725
narrowing slightly posteriorly; fully as wide as it is long. Legs

rather long and slender; fore femora only slightly thickened; fore
tarsi one segmented and armed with a tiny tooth within.
All the
coxse and femora and the middle and hind tibiae and tarsi are brown
in color, the tarsi being, however, somewhat lighter than the other
segments anterior tibia' brown at base but shading to yellow at apex
fore tarsi yellow but with a dark colored spot on the inside of the
Near the base of each posterior and middle femur
apical portion.
below and of each anterior femur in front is a sine-le long; slender
Wings present, narrowed in middle, transparent; the fore
spine.
pair slightly stained with brownish oi" yellowish at the base, where
they bear three long, knobbed sjoines on the remnant of the single
median vein. Scale light brown. Fringes long, single, except near
end of hind fringe of fore wing where it is double for five or six
hairs.
The front fringes of the fore wings are if anything longer
than their hind fringes, and the hind fringes of the hind wings are
;
longer than their front fringes.
Abdomen
at base slightly wider than the pterothorax to Avhich it

broadly joined, widest at base, tapering gradually to the tube.
Tube about two-thirds as long as the head, tapering slightly; somewhat more than one-half as wide at the apex as it is at the base; on
is
the ventral side of the
abdomen
a strong chitinous rod runs forward
a short distance from the base of the tube; some of the hairs at the
end of the tube as long or longer than the tube itself. Spines on
abdomen, for most part, slender, rather faint and inconspicuous,
not knobbed; abdomen as a rule lighter brown in color than the rest
of the body.
Type. Cat No.
113(>1,
U.S.N.M.
Described from 21 females (cotypes), of which 10 (three slides)

are deposited in the collection of the United States National Museum
and 11 (three slides), besides numerous paratypes, in that of the
Massachusetts Agricultural College. Of this species there were 31
specimens in
Food
all in
plants.
the collection, all females.
Euphorbia,
Male unknown.
date palm, Crotolaria, morning glory.
Usually on flowers, often in colonies.

Specimens taken at Glendor, Belle, and Bellevue, St. Michael, and
Cane Garden, St. Thomas, Barbados. Dates of capture ranging
from July 21 to August 24. This species appears to have its closest
ally in A. aculeata (Fabricius) of Europe.
2.
Plate LXIII,
TRICHOTHRIPS NIGER, new

figs. 4,
9; Plate
LXIV,
fig.
species.
11; Plate
LXV,
figs. 18, 22.
Female. Length, 2.19 mm.

width of head, about 0.27 mm.
width of mesothorax, about 0.47 mm. greatest width of abdomen.
;
726
mm.
vol. xxxiii.
width of tube at anterior end, about 0.098 mm., at

mm. General color dark brown abdomen,
except toward base and at tip of tube, black.
Head between one and one-fifth and one and one-sixth times as
long as it is wide; somewhat widest just behind the eyes, nearly as
wide at the posterior end, squarish in front cheeks nearly straig-ht,
slightly bulging, set with scattered small, stout spines borne upon
small warts; frons slightly elevated between the bases of the
attenna?; post-ocular bristles present and of good length, acute.
Eyes small, finely faceted, not pilose, rounded, black by transmitted
but dark red by reflected light ocelli present, well separated, placed
far forward on the head, distinctly larger than the facets of the
eyes. Mouth cone reaching nearly to the posterior edge of the prosternum labium broadly rounded at the end maxillary palpi two segmented, the basal segment very short and rounded. Antennae eight
segmented, with joints all distinct; nearly one and three-fourths
times as long as the head. Relative lengths of segments as follows:
about 0.60
posterior end, about 0.047
A ^ _L
^ ^ -^
7
8
10 14 24.2 24.9 22 16.3 11.4 9
Segment one
cylindrical, truncate;
two constricted toward base
into a broad stalk, cut oif squarely at end; three to six clavate; seven
Color of one and two brown, the

toward the apex three yellow four yellowish brown at
base, shading into darker brown toward the apex; five brown, lightest at base; six, seven, and eight very dark l)rown. Sense cones fairly
long spines, for most part slender and weak.
Prothorax about three-fifths as long as the head; fore coxse projecting considerably beyond posterior angles and forming what appear to be the prominent sides of the prothorax. On account of the
dark color of the type specimen it is difficult to make out exactly
where the prominent spines are placed on the pronotum, but it is
certain that there is one on each side, somewhat removed from the
middle line, close to the anterior margin there is also a very prominent one on each posterior angle somewhat in front of the hind margin, about half way from the corner to the middle line on each side
is still another; yet another is situated on each side somewhat in
front of the middle and well toward the side margin almost directly
in front of this, on each side somewhat back from the front margin,
another is noticeable. Mesothorax distinctly wider than the proPterothorax concolorous with the prothorax, somewhat
thorax.
lighter than the head. Mesoscutum, metascutum, metascutellum, and
pleurae somewhat reticulated. Legs rather long and slender, the middle pair much the smaller; each fore coxa bears a single long and
rather stout spine on its outer side; fore femora rather strongly encylindrical ovate; eight conical.
latter lighter
NO. 1590.
727
larged; each fore and middle femur bears a single very long erect
in front near its base; each hind and middle tibia
and slender spine
bears a similar long, slender, erect spine on
outer side toward
its
its
apex; each fore tibia bears two or three such spines, similarly located; fore tarsi armed with a strong tooth. All the coxse and femora
tibi?e deep brown in color; posterior
brown than tibia?; middle tarsi light yellowish brown;
light brown at base and quickh^ shading out into yellow
and the middle and hind

Jighter
tibiae
tarsi
fore
fore
yellow with a noticeable dark spot on the inside of the apical

portion; middle tarsi with a similar dark spot on the inside of the
apical portion. Wings with their fringes not reaching the base of the
tube; fringes long and heavy, rather dark brown in color, double for
tarsi
several hairs on hind border of fore
wing near the
tip.
Wings
clear
transparent.
Abdomen broad and heav}^, elongate ovate in outline, considerably

wider at the middle than at the base, widest at the fourth segment;
segments telescoped about two-fifths. Tube nearly as long as the
head, some of the terminal spines nearh^ as long as the tube. Spines
on aj)ical segments as a whole long, rather slender, yellowish. The
sides of the tube bear at intervals rather minute but conspicuous darkcolored spines.
Described from one female (the type) deposited in the collection of

the Massachusetts Agricultural College.
Male unknown.
Specimen taken
La France
rose,
at Newstead, St. Peters, Barbados, on flower of
July
3.
31,
CEPHALOTHRIPS YUCC^
Hinds.
This species has heretofore been reported only from Amherst,

Massachusetts, and Washington. District of Columbia. There are
two specimens in the collection from Barbados collected July 10 on
flowers of Hibiscus at Pine Estate, St. Michael.
4.
CRYPTOTHRIPS ASPERSUS
Hinds.
to this time, been recorded from Amherst, MassaIn the collection from Barbados it is represented by
eight females and five males. These were collected on July 21 and 22
at Glendor and Bellevue, St. Michael, and Cane Garden, St. Thomas,
on Solanimi, morning glory, and Crotolaria^ for the most part from
This has, up
chusetts, only.
the flowers, where they were solitary.

5.
CRYPTOTHRIPS FASCIAPENNIS, new

Plate
Female.
Length,
1.06
LXIV,
species.
figs. 12, 13.
mm.; length
of head, 0.19
mm.; length
of
antenna, 0.35 nun.; width of head, 0.19 mm.: width of mesothorax,
728
vol. xxxin.
abdomen, 0.34 mm. General color brown; body

more or less with dark reddish hypodermal pigmentation, especially in the head and thorax.
0.33
mm.;
Avidth of
irregularly mottled
Head
squarish, slightly narrower in front than behind
cheeks
straight; front produced considerably between the bases of the antenna'; post-ocular l)ristles absent; frons
bearing a very long spine on
each side at about the middle of the eye and not far removed from
its border; eyes rather small, together occupying about one-half the
wddth of the head ocelli present, the lateral ones placed rather
;
margins of the eyes and not larger than their largest

facets, anterior one not on the apex of prolonged vertex of head;
mouth cone short, blunt and thick, reaching somewhat beyond the
middle of the prosternum labium broadly rounded maxillary palpi
two segmented, the basal segment being short and cylindrical and
Antenna^ borne on somewhat
the apical one rather long and slender.
produced front of head their bases separated by about one-half the
Avidth of their basal segment. Relative lengths of segments as folclosely to the
lows
10.5 12 20 18 16 15 10
10.1
Second, fourth, and fifth segments thickest; one cylindrical; two

constricted somewhat at base, truncate at apex three very narrow at
base, clavate; four, five, and six clavate; seven cylindrical; eight long
conical.
The four basal segments yellow; five yellow at base but
somewhat shaded with brown at apex; six yellowish brown at base,
;
apical two-thirds strongly shaded with
brown seven and eight deep

;
brown. Spines slender and weak sense cones simple, one on segment
three and two each on segments four and five, rather long and blunt
;
pointed.
Prothorax considerably wider than and about two-thirds as long

On or near each anterior and posterior angle there is
a rather short but conspicuous knobbed spine; all other spines inconPterothorax wdth sides nearly straight and parallel. Legs
spicuous.
medium to rather long and slender fore pair the shortest, hind pair
as the head.
somewhat thickened; fore tarsi unarmed;

each fore femur with a long, slender, erect spine toward the base
wuthin. Wings rather short and Aveak but with long, heavy, dark
colored fringes; fore pair light brown in color Avith a transpai-ent
cross band somewhat before the middle and another similar one just
the longest;
fore femora
hind Avings apparently entirely clear.

rather long and slender, cylindrical to about the anterior margin of the seventh segment, from which it tapers to the tube.
Tube slightly more than two-thirds as long as the head, swollen some-
before the tip
Abdomen
some of the terminal hairs nearly as long as the

Spines on sides and toward the tip of abdomen long, rather
Avhat toAvard the base

tube.
NO. 1590.
729
and toward the base of alidomen

There are two of these knol)bed spines
slender, knobbed, very conspicuous,
shorter and less prominent.
on each side of segments two to nine, inehisive; on the posterior segments these spines are rather close together, but on tlie anterior ones
rather widely separated, the inner ones being placed more than half
way from the extreme sides to the middle line; on each side of the
middle line of dorsal segments two to six, inclusive, is placed a single,
rather short, conspicuous, acute, double-curved spine. The surface
of dorsal segments two to seven, inclusive, is reticulated.
Described from one specimen (the type) deposited in the collection
of the Massachusetts Agricultural College.
Male luiknown.
Specimen captured
at
Glendor, St. Michael, on leaf of Hme,
July 15.
This species is, in some ways, rather abnormal for Ci-yptothrip^^^
and possibly a new genus should be erected for it, but I think it better
for the present at least to leave
it
as a
member
of that genus.
paper Die Orthopterenfauna des Kiistengebietes von Osterreich-Ungarn," has incorrectly used the genus
luime PlnjHapus. This name can not be applied to species of Thysanoptera, as it was first used by Leach for a genus of the Neuroptera as Doctor Hinds has made clear. He has further erred in using
the name atei' for E. culgatissimus (Haliday), as ater was used by
Degeer not as a specific name but as a part of a description.
Herr H. Karny,
in his
"Berl. Entoin. Zeitschr., LII, TJU7.
730
vol. xxxiii.
Plate LXIII.
Fig.
1.
male,
2.
new
Euthrlps hisularis,
Dorsal view of end
species.
of
abdomen
Enthrips insulnris, deformed antenna of female,
''.
?>.
^f
Eidhrips insularis, head, prothorax, antennpe, and forelegs of female.
4.
Trichothrips niger,
new
Antenna
species.
of female,
5.
Euthrips insularis, iace oiiemale.
Euthrips insularis, fifth ventral abdominal segment of female.
7.
Euthrips insularis, end of
8.
Anthothrips gowdeyi,
of female.
new
J".
ip-.
6.
9.
of fe-
if^.
Y-\^.
abdomen
of male.
species.
Head, prothorax, antennje, and forelegs
-f-.
^^.
TricJiotUrips niger,
tube
of female,
^f ^.
Plate LXIV.
Fig. 10. Ilellothrips ruhrocinctvs (Giard).
of female.
Head, prothorax,
11.
Trichothrips niger, foreleg of female.
12.
Cryptothrlps fasciapennis,
new
species.
13.'
Cryptothrips fasciapennis,
end
of
14.
15.
16.
antenna:^,
and
forelegs
J-^-.
-x~-
Head and antennae

abdomen of female, if
^^.
of female.
i^.
wing of female, 'j^.

wing of female, "f.
Anthothrips gowdeyi, dorsal view qf end of abdomen of female.
Ilellothrips rubrocindus, left fore
Anthothrips gowdeyi, left fore
-^-^.
Plate LXV.
Fig. 17. Heliothrhps rubrodnctiis,
18.
19.
21.
22.
28.
24.
^f ^.
e,
e,
endo-
mesosternum; t, metasternum.
Euthrips insularis, right fore wing of female. -V*.
Heliothrips ruhrocinctus, dorsal view of end of abdomen of female.
^.
^p.
Heliothrips ruhrocinctus, dorsal view of end of abdomen of male.
Trichothrips niger, head of female.
endoAnthothrips gowdeyi, ventral view of pterothorax of female, -x*thoracic invaginations; m, mesosternum; t metasternum.
Euthrips instdaris, ventral view of pterothorax of female. -"-. e, endothoracic invaginations; m, mesosternum; t, metasternum.
thoracic invaginations;
20.
ventral view of pterothorax of female,
endothoracic invaginations; m, mesosternum; t, metasternum.

Trichothrips niger, ventral view of pterothorax of female.
-V-.
rn,
''>
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
West
Indian Thrips.
PL. LXIII
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
West
Indian Thrips.
PL.
LXIV
U. S.
NATIONAL MUSEUM
PL.
WA<\^\
I
West
Indian Thrips.
LXV
INDEX.
Page.
Page.
612
Abasia
pseudorostris
612, 626
Mammals (Collected in Western

Borneo by Dr. W. L., by Marcus Ward
Abbott,
American Parasitic Copepods; New Genera

and Species of Caliginaj. North, by Charles
Branch Wilson
593
Amia
fasciata
242
Lyon, jr
Abudefduf antjerius
547
orlsicularis
242
245
541
vsaxatilis
101
septem fasciatus
245
Anabantidaj
Anabas scandens
Anacyrtus limaesquamis
Anchorella
587
Acacia filicina
Acanthias vulgaris
Acanthocephala
AcanthOleberis
457
709
curvirostris
625
scomliri
624
Anchovia bcElama
Anematichthys apogon
247
Angelichthys ciliaris
Anguilla mauritiana
247
Acanthuridse
Acanthurus annulatus
247
Anguillidse
247
Anisogoniphus
tuberosus
247
591
35
239
539
114
239
239
lituratus
raarginatus
Accntrocneme koUari
Accstrorhamphus jenynsii
Acestrorhynchus falcatus
32
625
lizifi
88
709
541
274, 298
298
occipitalis
271
Anisoptera
Ankyrodenna
34
jeflreysii
52
roretzii
52
niultiflda
686
Annotated List of Characin Fishes in the

United States National Museimi and the
Museimi of Indiana University, with Descriptions of New Species, by Carl H.
Eigemnann and Fletcher Ogle
parvicirra
684
Anodus
pulchella
686
Anormogomphus
robustipinna
simplex
684
35
lalcirostris
ferox
35
lacustris
35
683
Actinomctra
155
ôlothripidff
Aeshnidae
Aeshninae
Agonidae
Albatross in 1903. The Holothurians of the
North Pacific Coast of North America
Collected by the, by Charles Lincoln Ed-
latior
715
299
borellii
fasciatus
271
isognathus
Anotogaster
264
Antedon
271
4
275, 298
heteropterus
Anostonius
276
70, 127,
683
130, 148
abbotti
aculeata
142
680
.alata
129, 145
alboflava
wards
49
Alcbion
618
anthus
128, 129, 136, 137
glaber
326
arctica
71,82,83
Alectis ciUaris
242
asperrima
684
aster
684
bifida
276
bimaculata
bowersi
Ijrachymera
Alecto parvicirra
trichoptera
Allogaster
155,
276
basalis
Amaura
514, 528
Candida
Ambassidse
America. New Marine Mollusks from the
West Coast of, by Paul Bartsch
American Mollusks of the Genus Triphoris.
West, by Paul Bartsch
528
briseis
242
callista
70, 73
129, 145
671
131, 150
130,148
71, 77
71,
71, 81
ciliata
177
131
clara;
71, 79
Clio
249
83
128, 132, 135
155
cubensis
731
INDEX.
732
Page.
Autedoii delicatissima
130, 131, 149, 150
diadema
Page.
Argulus funduli
129, 144
diomedeap
130, 132, 146
disciformis
131
erythrizon
71,79
70, 75
eschrichtii
var.
maxima
flavopurpurea
f ragilis
71,
garrettiana
80
129, 130, 142
hana
128, 137
hartlaubi
hawaiiensis
70, 72, 151
128, 152
hepbumiana
129
hondoensis
71,
78
140
incisa
inexpectata
70, 75
isis
71,
laodice
326
megalops
326
Arthrojdetus
82
129
longicirra
136
macropoda
macropygus
90
Asia. Descriptions of
Asterias multiradiata
71,77
129, 144
multicolor
84
orion
129, 130, 143
perplexa
propinqua
pubescens
pulchella
pusilla
quinquecostata
104
645
689
685,687
461
18
28
atratoensis
28
bimaculatus
27
lineatus
27
carolinse
22
caucanus
28
cuvieri
19
emperador
3,26
fasciatus
19
fischeri
26
iheringii
128, 130, 131, 132, 150, 152
nana
127
Asterodermus
Astyanax
abramis
131
minor
New Species of Recent
Unstalked Crinoids from the Coasts of

Northeastern, by Austin Hobart Clark.
Aspidogaster ringens
Aspidophorus pusillus
Aspidophryxus
84
marife
694,695
Ascaris
128, 129
manca
689,694
beringanus
70, 75
latipinna
171, 172
Arthrophryxus
129, 140
lata
171
barberi
69
128, 131, 134
625
laticauda
19
megalops
mexicanus
3,29
25
multiradiatus
70,74
128, 133
orthodus
129, 138
phoenicopterus
29
.-
3,27
18
rutilus
686
18, 19,23
seneus
144
24
nicaraguensis
129, 143, 145
3,23
28
rara
70, 72
rathbuni. ..-.
ruber
rubroflava
70,76
130, 146
cubensis
155, 156
130,150
pourtalesi
155, 156
scalaris
129, 141
rubroflava
127
separata
128,133
stylifer
127
serratissima
spinifera
71,77
152
stylifer
130, 149
tanneri
69
stilbe
Atelecrinus balanoides
Atherina harringtonensis
lacunosa
130,131,155
120
240
240
Atherinidae
tenelloides
70,73
Avicula elegantula
Aviculipecten kazanensis
tenuis
71,80
richthofeni
thetis
128, 151
tigrina
130, 147
macronemus
versicolor
128, 132
planiceps
536
singaringan
536
villosa
128, 129, 138
724
Bairdiella chrysura
560
Balistos earolinensis
rathbuni
stramineus
11
10
Balistida-
2,11
Bambradon
540
Apogonichthyidae
Araeocerus fasciculatus
242
Archamia
157
163
203
lineolata
242
Archosargus probatocephalus
624
Arctogalidia stigmatica
559
536
624
99, 109, 117, 120
verrucosus
vetula
2, 10
Aplocheilus panchax
Aplodactyidse
Aplodactylidae
47
536
Aonyx cincroa
anisitsi
48
Bagrus hoterurus
Anthothrips gowdeyi
Aphyocharax allnirnus
48
248
101
~
642,643
643
laevis
Barbados and
Collection
248
of
St.
Vincent Islands.
Thysanopterous
On
a
Insects
from, by Henry James Franklin

Barber. On Some Earwigs (Forflculidae)
collected in Guatemala by Messrs. Schwarz
and, by Andrew Nelson Caudell
Barbodes binotatus
715
169
538
733
INDEX.
Page.
Page.
Barbodes microps
obtusirostris
rubripinnis
539
Blastobasidae
538
BlastobasidiE. Descriptions of
538
539
Barbus apogon
538
binotatus
American Tineid Moths, with a Generic

Table of the Family, by Lord Walsingham
Blastobasis
537
hampal
231 538
maculatus
199
New North
197
202,204
aphidiella
205
citricolella
202
inicrops
538
citriella
202
obtusirostris
538
cocci vorella
204
quinquemaculatus
229
fluxella
209
rubripimiis
538
fractilinea
202
A New Fresh-Water Bivalve
iceryaeella
210
from the
Mountains of Ecuador
New Marine MoUusks from
nubilella
201
retectella
201
subtracteUa
198
Bartsch, Paul.
(Corneocyclas)
the West Coast of America.

Notes on the Fresh-Water
MoUusk Planorbis Magnificus and Descriptions of
Two New Fonns of the
Same Genus from the
Southern States
The West American Mollusks of the
Genus
193
lection of Fishes
30
30
30
Bryconaethiops microstoma
221
eurotieUa
221
Burma and Lower Siam II.
from the
Subfamilies
and
Cordulegasterinfe, ChJorogomphinse,
Gomphinae. The Dragonflies (Odonata)

by Edward Bruce Williamson
Burmagomphus
Descriptions of Seven New

292
Belouidse
240
Belonocharax
702
Bembras
(542
curtus
japonicus
Bembridffi
644
643
042
of,
41
Bucculatrlx
Col-
Species
30
Bryozoa
Islands,
Parasites
29
striatulus
Made
by Maj. Edgar A. Meams,
Surgeon, U. S. Army, with
Bennuda Fishes. Notes on

Edwin Linton
29
43
701
On a
112,624
30
Typical Species
Philippine
Brcvoortia tyrannis
Brycinus macrolepidotus
nurse
Brycon dentex
reinhardti
Gill,
Seale,
32
689
102, 105, 119
a Neglected Genus of Characin

Fishes, with Notes on the
and Alvin
45
172
hilarii
193
Otis T.
Ctenolucius
702
625
Branehiophryxus
491
Mason
Bathystoma striatum
Batostomella meekana
547
L.von, jr
BoulengereUa
BrachieUa oblonga
Brachiopoda
Brachylabis nigra
Bramocharax bransfordii
MolOregonian
the
Fauna! Area
On
097
249
of
Bodianus fulvus punctatus

89,91, 102, 105, 116
Bolo Case from Basilan Island. Basketry,
193
by Otis T. Mason
Bomolochus
625, 626
Borneo, by Dr. W. L. Abbott. Mammals
coUected in Western, by Marcus Ward
Dall,
Basilan Island. Basketry Bolo Case from,

by Otis T.Mason
Basketry Bolo Case from Basilan Island, by
Bean, Barton,
177
Tri-
phoris
and WilUam Ilealey

The Pyramidellid
lusks
681
by
,s.j
of,
267
275,298,300
vermiculatus
300,301
Buytenzorg, Java, by Dr. Douglas Houghton Campbell. List of Fishes Collected in
the River at, by David Starr Jordan and
535
Alvin Scale
243
Cffisio erythrogaster
243
lunaris
Calamocrinus diomedaCalamus calamus
671 , 672
89, 103, 104, 105, 106
Calanidae
711
New
Binoculus sabnoneus
sexsetaceus
382
CaUfornia. Description of a
441
Bittium esuriens
179
KiUlfish, Lueania Browni, from a Hot

Spring in Lower, by David Starr Jordan
and Robert Earl Richardson
Caligidaj. North American Parasitic Copepods belonging to the Family: A Revision
of the Pandarinae and the Cecropinae, by
Charles Branch Wilson
CaUginae. North American Parasitic Cope-
multifilosum
quadrifllatum
ingens
(Stylidium) eschrichti icelum
.
.,
179
180
180
178
montereyensis
tumidum
178
179
Bivalve (Corneocyclas) from the Mountains

of Ecuador. A New Fresh-Water, by Paul
Bartsch
681
Species of
pods. New Genera and Species

Caligus belones
bicolor
of.
319
323
by
593
625
400
INDEX.
734
Page.
625
Caligus bonito
626
chelifer
598,625
curtus
faUax
594,624,625
paradoxus
productus
rapax
349,379,441,446,457
374,375,380,381,382,441
326, 597,626
625
ruflmaculatus
597,625
rufus
Callichrous liiinaoiilatiis
536
CaUiomorus
640
641
indicus
641
CaUiouyiuus indicus
Callyodon latifasciatus
macrorhinus
237
246
nigra
246
rivulatus
246
zonularis
246
268
Calopteryx angustipennis
of Fishes Collected in the
sexfasciatus .
atwoodi
239
Chanos chanos
Characidium fasciatum
'
An Annotated List of, by

H. Eigeimiann and Fletcher Ogle ...
Characin Fishes, with Notes on the Typical
New
Species.
Carl
Ctenolucius
micropterus
40
monodon
kumu
spinosus
nucella
206
stygna
urseUa
207
323
lordi
Cephalacanthida;
663
Cephalacanthus
664
spinarella
664
volitans
664
235
243
243
657
494
502
;
508
511
vancouverensis
Chilomycterus schcepfi
China. Descriptions of New Species of Upper
Paleozoic Fossils from, by George H.
Girty
Chiridota albatrossii
Chlamys
510
tridentata
ooliticum
664
656,657
:
tenuicula
laevis
596, 624
2,9
Chemnitzia
aurantia
467
Cephacandia
9
10
649,655
466
466, 467, 468
9
2,9
ribeiroi
207
Revision of the Pandarinae

and the. North American Parasitic Copepods belonging to the Family CaUgidse, by
Chelidonichthys
On Some Earwigs
164
pequira
209
461, 464
166
interruptus
40
169
167
Cheirodon insignis
208
Cephalopholis maculatus
obtusauris
sonnerati
245
zonatus
inorrisoni
Centropristes striatus
32
166
irenica
latreillii
33
245
208
achantii-vulgaris
32
Cheilodactylus gibbosus
vittatus
zebra
209
Cecrops
701
3, 33
441
Luconspicua
Neglected
trilobatus
fluxella
Cecropinse
Chelio inemiis
206
Guatemala by
Messrs. Schwarz and Barber
Gill,
241
(Forficulidae) Collected in
Cecropinse,
On
33
371, 414, 423
Nelson,
245
Carcharodon carcharias
Andrew
239
Characin Fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with Descriptions of
624
bassleri
31
Cheilinus chlorurus
326, 360, 409, 423, 431
Caudell,
266
Chalcinus angulatus
Chanidse
242
obscurus
Carcharhinuis obscurus
Catacrypsis
97
102
squamosus
423, 430, 431
Carnegia
550
.
241
460
littoralis
181
550
Chaenogoliius macrognathos
241
Carcharias
180
'
537
248
178
gibbosus
limaesquamis
sanguineus
535
speciosus
727
Genus of, by Barton A. Bean

Charax atratoensis
Houghton, by David Starr Jordan and
Alvin Seale
Canthigaster compressus
Capoeta macrolepidota
Carangidae
Caranx earangus
Cervulus pleiharicus
Cervus brookei
Cestoda
Cestode larvae, cysts
Species.
River at Buytenzorg, Java, by Dr. Douglas
243
cosmia
pedroana
619
hiemulonis'.
CampbeU. List
Cephalopholis urodelus
Cephalothrips yuccas
Cerithiopsis assimilata
incisus
Chloea castanea
nakamurae
495
625
37
49,50
49,50,51,52
53
450
266
265
266
sarchynnis
272,277
Chlorogomphinae
The
Gomphinse.
Chlorogomphinae and
Dragonflies (Odonata) of Burma and
Lower Siam II Subfamilies Cordulegas207

272, 277
Chlorogomphus
terinse,
785
INDEX.
Page.
"H
Collection of Fishes from the Philippine
230
zamboangiF
514
Chrysallida
coimnunis
Chydorus
"11
sphaericus
159
Cirrhitesaltematus
aureus
It''
maculatus
(Cirrhttichtliys)
159
fasciatus
161
maculosus
159
made by Maj. Edgar A. Mearns,

Surgeon, U. S. Army, with Descriptions
of Seven New Species, by Alvin Sealc
and Barton A. Bean
263
Islands,
229
Collection of Thysanopterous Insects from

Barbados and St. Vincent Islands, by
715
162
alata
686
bleekeri
161
686
maculatus
159
alternans
bennetti
15/
belli
686
borneensis
686
briareus
carpenteri
686, 687
159
15R, 161
Cirrhitichthys
aureus
l(jl,
Cirrhitida'
Revii'w of
David Starr Jordan and Albert
("irrhitoid Fishes of
by
217
Henry James Franklin

Comaster
marmoratus
the,
514
Coleophora vagans
Collection of Fishes from Echigo, Japan,
by David Starr Jordan and Robert ICarl
Richardson
245
Choerops macrodon
Japan.
157
Christian Herre
Cirrhitopsis
coppingeri
discoidea
divaricata
161
158, 159
Cirrhitus
maculatus
159
marmoratus
159
Cladobates spociosus
Cladocera
Clark, Austin Hobart, Dotcriptions of New
Species of Recent
Unstalked Crinoids from the
Coasts of Northeastern Asia
Descriptions of New
Species of Recent
Unstalked Crithe
noids from
*
North P a c i f c
562
"0"
127
Ocean
69
Infrabasals in Recent Genera of the

Crinoid Family
Pentacrinitida?
The Crinoid (Jenus
.
671
686
686
686
686
686
,
686
duplex
echinoptera
686
elongata
fimbriata
686
gracilis
086
grandiealyx
io wensis
680
686
686
680
japonica
686
lineata
6S0
littoralis
686
macrobrachius
maculata
680
raagnifica
086
marise
meridionalis
686
multiradiata
686
nobilis
686
novse-guineie
686
orientalis
686
686
086
parvicirra
686
Coma tula La-
peronii
686
marck, with a
Note on the Kn-
quadrata
680
regalis
086
robustipinna
080
683
rotalaria
080
535
rubiginosa
080
535
schlegelii
680
Clariidffi
535
sentosa
686
Clupea melanura
239
solaster
0S6
Clupeidse
239
crinus
Parne
of
(iuerin
Clarias batraehus
magur
Coast of America. New Marine Mollusks

from the West, by Paul Bart.sch
Cobitida?
680
177
typica
686
263, 537
valida
686
variabilis
680
537
hasseltii
537
'^7
Ccjelenterata
217
217,218
glutinosi
Coleophora
216
680
trichoptera
f asclata
Coelopceta
.stellegera
683. 684, 685

Comatula
Comatula Lamarck; with a Note on the En-
The Crinoid Geby Austin Ilobart Clark

Comatula marise
erinus Parrse of Guerin.
nus,
683
153
685
lapidicornis
216
multiradiata
occidentalis
216
orientalis
155
pruniella
216
parvicirra
155
Proc.N.M.
vol.
xxxiii 07
47
INDEX.
736
Page.
Page.
Coinatula serrata
154
Cyclocheilichthys
Solaris
685
Cyclogomphus
solaster
1'53
Com-hologist. Supplementary Notes on

Martyn's Universal, hv William Ilealey
185
Dall."
''H
Copepoda
Copepods belonging to the Family CaligiNorth American Parasitic; A Revidae.
sion of the Pandarinse and the Ceeropinse,
by Charles Branch Wilson
706
Cyprinidse
229, 537
537
537
240
Cyrtoeharax
32
Daenitis esuriens
93
664, 665
orientalis
66.5,
667, 668
664
Dactylopterus
chcirophthalmus
macracanthus
665
peterseni
667
pirapeda
664
665
664
volitans
Dactylosparus carponemus
Daicocus
163
664, 667
667
Petersen!
DajidsD from the Northwest Pacific Ocean
man
New Genus and

Two New Species. On some Isopods of the
with Descriptions of a
12^
69
Family, by Harriet Richardson

Dajus
mysidis
Dall, WiUiam Healey, Supplementary Notes
on Martyn's Uni-
689
versal Conchologist
185
7''1
Char-
acin Fishes, with Notes on the Typical

Species. On, by Barton A. Bean
Ctenolucius hujeta
maculatus
Cucumaria calcigera
707
707
59
serrulata
707
59
Daphnidae
Dasia smaragdina
Dasyatidae
Dasyatis kuhli
Davidius
2,3
2,3
gilberti
knerii
707
545
239
,230
273, 286
280
fruhstorferi
Decametrocrinus
70,
127
Demoleus
paradoxus
Dermatogenys fluviatilis
349, 350
Cushman,
.Joseph \., Fresh-Water Crustacea from Labrador and Newfoundland.
707
70. 71
platanus
707
borealis
2,4
leuciscus bolivise
leucostictus
707
pulex
boulengeri
brevipes
707
magna
59
bimaculatus
Daphnia
702
54
vegse
Curimatus albula
709
702
701
61
korenii
491
Daphne curvirostris
atkinsoni
hyalina
longispina
54
'
692
lusks of the Oregonian Faunal Area.
727
727
fasciapennis
689
and Paul Bartsch, The

PyramideUid Mcl-
705
Cryptothrips aspersus
chronhjelmi
f rondosa
japonica
210
Dactyloptena
719,725
A Neglected Genus of
33
562
210
Crustacea from Lalirador and Newfoundland. Fresh-Water, by Joseph A. Cush-
Gill,
33
Cj'prididse
683
Clark
Crinoids from the North Pacific Ocean. Descriptions of New Species of Recent Unstalked, by Austin Hobart Clark
Ctenolucius
Ctenolucius
32
34
Cypsilurus altipinnis
Hobart
Crotolaria
120
flavipinna
Species of Re-
Austin
170
Cymothoa oestrum
Cynopotamus argenteus
681
Note on the Encrinus Parrae of Guerin, by

Austin Hobart Clark
Crinoids from the Coasts of Northeastern
New
297
Cylindrogaster diplatyoides
Cyprinus carpio
2(37
681
Bartsch
112, 625
Coryphaena equisetis
112
hippurus
240
Corythroiehthys bleekeri
641
Cottus insidiator
641
rogad
Crinoid Family Pentaerinitidse. Infrabasals
in Recent Genera of the. l)y Austin Ho671
bart Clark
Crinoid Genus Comatula Lamarck, with a
by
296
vesiculosus
iceryaeella
Corneocyclas davisi
(Corneocyclas) from the Mountains of Ecuador. A New Fresh-Water Bivalve, by Paul
Unstalked,
minusculus
Cynopterus brachyotis
Cynotes
323
Chlorogomphinse, and
Gomphinw. The Dragon Flies (Odonata)
of Bunna and Lower Siam II Subfamilies, by Edward Bruce Williamson
Asia. Descriptions of
.539
274, 296
squamosus
CordulegasterinBE",
cent
pogon
limaesquamis
magdalena;
272, 276
Cordulegasterinsc
705
Description of a
346
New
540
Species of Killiflsh.
Lucania Browni. from a Hot Spring in

Lower California, by David Starr .Jordan
319
INDEX.
737
Page.
Descriptions of a
New Genus and Two New
On some Isopods
Species.
Family
of the
Dajidpefrom the Northwest Pacific Ocean,

with, l)y Harriet Richardson .
.
Descriptions
of
New
North
Page.
Distonunn macrocotyle
689
American
Tineid Moths, with a Generic Table of the

Family Blastobasidse, by Lord Walsing-
ham
New
Species of Recent Un-
stalked Crinoids from the Coasts of North-
eastern Asia, by Austin Holiart Clark.

Descriptions of New Species of Recent Un.
127
stalked Crinoids from the North Pacific
Ocean, by Austin Ilobart Clark

Descriptions of New Species of Upper Paleozoic Fossils from China, by George H.
69
Gu-ty
Descriptions of Seven
37
New
Species.
On
eiseni
.
229
Two New Forms of the Same
Genus from the Southern States. Notes on

the Fresh-Water Mollusk Planorbis Magnificus and by Paul Bartsch
Diacope seba?
Diaptomus
607
243
711
711
Dielasmas
46
Dinematura
364, 367
..
453
447, 454
364
38:5,
447, 460
.-jse,
446, 456
neozealaniea
365, 447, 456
. .
374, 380, 382, 383

478, 479
362, 374
afflnis
375
alata
375
clongata
lamse
382
380,382
386
severa
I'a.sciolatus
Distonunn
679
Bunna and
of
Lower Siam 11. Subfamihes Corduleand Gonvphina?, by Edward Bruce ^^llliamson
267
plackyi
248
Earwigs (ForHculidaî Collected in Guatemala by Messrs. Schwarz and Barl)er, liy

Andrew Nelson Caudell
169
Ebisinus
664
cheirophthalnuis
665
Echeneis naucrates
623,625
Echigo, Japan. On a Collection of Fishes
from, by David Starr .Jordan and Rol)ert
Earl Richardson
J63
Echinopsalis
17]
brevibractea
171
Echinoptera
684
88
89
Echthrogaleus
352,362
aflinis
braccatus
coleoptratus.
denticiilatus
366,375
366, 447, 449
..
365,367,396,454,455
324, .365, 369, 460
perspicax
364, 447, 457
torpedinis
324, 365, 371
.\ New Fresh-Water IMvalve (Corneocyclas) from the Mountains of, by Paul
Ecuador.
Bartsch
Edwards, Charles Lincoln, The Holothurians of the North Pacific Coast of North
America Collected by theAlbatrossin 1903.
Eigenmann, Carl H.,and Fletcher Ogle. An
Amiotated List of Characin Fishes in the
United States National Museum and the
Museum
of Indiana
University,
Descriptions of New Species
osi
49
with
1
Eleotris ophiocephalus
248
Elopomorphus elongatus
Emoia atrocostata
545
169
Encotyllabe
Encrinus
caput-medus;e
169
milleri
688
94, 100, 104
parra'
687
374, 380
461
Diplodus sargus
Discocephalum pileatmn
Distichodus brevipimiis
quinquefasciatus
Dragonflies (Odonata)
448
nmsteli-la^vis
Diplatys jansoiii
677
349,377
indistincta
Diodoii
679
mindanensis
380, 447, 451
hamiltoni
producta
maximus
364, 365, 367
gracilis
musteli-la>vis
239
677
377
(echthrogaleus) neozealaniea.
10!)
105, 118
Draco
364, 365, 366
clongata
ferox
10
Dorosomatidse
pristis
carcharodonti
coleoptrata
Dinemoura
112
Echinorhynchus medius
braccata
serrata
tomex
364
alata
producta
106
362, 374, 441, 478
allbiis
latifolia
subteriue
vitellosiun
Drombus
Collection of Fishes
Descriptions of
107
oculatum
gasterlnae, Clilorogomphinae,
from the Philippine

Islands, made bj- Maj. Edgar A. Mearns,
Surgeon, U. S, Army, with, by Alvin Seale
and Barton \. Bean
104
nltens
trulla
197
Descriptions of
107
monticellii
97
4
4
103
673
687
Encrinus Parra of
Guerin. The Crinoid

Genus Comatula Lamarck, with a Note on
the, by Austin Ilobart Clark
683
103
Engraulidse
239
fenestratimi
Ill
107
Iffive
105
Epinephelus faseiatus
maculatus
maculosus
242
gyrinus
lamellifonne
108
levenseni
110
merra
morio
98
90,91,96,90, 101, 110
242
00, 625
INDEX.
738
Page
Eiiiii('i)h('ln.s
slriatiis
Page.
90,
Fistulii)ora parasitica
01,92/J(1,'J8,!9,101,11],113,120
tiiuviiiii
242
undulosus
242
Equulidtie
242
Eriodycteon glutinosiim
218,219
Esox panchax
Ethmia
540
199
629
A New Species of, liy Leonhard Stejneger.
677
Eucopia australis
Eudactylina nigra
695
Eiielat ichthys crassispinus
244
Euphorbia
Eupoinacentrus f uscus
Eiirotia canata
Eurycercus
725
lugul}ris
102
metrica
710
705,710
glacialis
lamellatus
710
Euthrips insularis
715
tritici
719
vtilgatissimus
729
E valea
514, 522
Evemiannolus
Exocoetidse
Family Blastobasidse.
240, 540
Descriptions of
New
North American Tineid Moths, with a

Generic Table of the, by Lord Walsing-
ham
197
Family Dajidse from the Northwest Pacific

Ocean, with Descriptions of a New Genus
and Two New Species. On Some Isopods of
the, by Harriet Richardson
689
Faxmal Area. The Pyramidellid MoUuslcs of
Oregonian,
by
Wlliam
llealcy
Dall
the
401
and Pan! Bartsch
Felichthys marinus
596, 600, 625
.'
Felis bengalensis
550
Sealc
Forficulidse
Earl Richardson
Fishes from the Philippine Islands, made by
Maj. Edgar A. Mearns, Surgeon, U. S.
Species.
On
a Collection
of,
of
By
263
On Some
85
157
629
681
705
697
377
431
pyriformis.
Gasteropelecus stellatus
324, 3.50, 351, 436, 447, 448
31
30
Gasterosteus spinarella
664
Gasterostomum
119
arcuatum
baculatum
119
Gasterotokens biaculeatus
Geckoid Lizard from the Philijipine Islands,
240
Genera
Fishes.
715
3.50,
majalis
Gangliopus
119
545
42
545
200, 201
laudatella
197
sexnotella
219
198
sulstractella
37
625
Gelechiadie
II.
169
95,
Gelechia glandulella
Kigenmann and Fletcher Ogle

Notes on Parasites of Bermuda
by Edwin Linton
Fishes of Japan. A Review of the Cirrhitoid,
by David Starr Jordan and Albert Christian Herre
Fishes of the Waters of Japan. A Review of
the Flatheads Gurnards, and other Mailcheeked, by David Starr Jordan and
Robert Earl Richardson
Fishes, with Notes on the Typical Species.
On Ctenolucius Gill, A Neglected Genus of
Characin, by Baiton A. Bean
by
Gekko monarchus
Species.
An Annotated List of Characin, by Carl
Guatemala
in
Fundulus heteroclitus
229
New
176
Collected
Earwigs, by Andrew Nelson Caudell

Fossils from China. Descriptions of New
Species of Upper Paleozoic, by George H.
Girty
Franklin, Henry James, On a Collection of
Thysanopterous Insects from Barl)ados
and St. Vincent Islands
Fresh-Water Bivalve (Corneocyclas) from
the Mountains of Ecuador. A New, by
Paul Bartsch
Fresh-Water Crustacea from Lalirador and
Newfoundland, by Joseph A. Cushman
Fresh-Water Mollusk Planorliis Magnificus
and Descriptions of Two New Forms of the
Same Genus from the Southern States.
Notes on the, by Paul Bartsch
Fishes in the United States National Museum and the Museiim of Indiana Univer-
with Descriptions of
176
by Leonhard Stejneger
and Barton A. Bean
sity,
CJeinitzella chinensis
Seven New
Alvin Scale
663
175
Messrs. Schwarz and Barl)er.
535
Fishes from Echigo, Japan. On a Collection

of, Ijy David Starr Jordan and RoViert
629
Forficula cacaoensis
sternicla
Fishes Collected in the River at Buytenzorg,

Java, by Dr. Douglas Houghton Campliell.
List of, by David Starr .Tordan and Alvin
Army, with Descriptions
41
Flatheads
Flatheads, Gurnards, and other Mailcheeked Fishes of the Waters of Japan. A
Review of the, by David Starr Jordan and
Rol)ert Earl Richardson
Flying Gurnards
Flying Lizard from the Philippine Islands.
199
221
44
willisiana
a Il)itogata
626
44
waageniana
tidsE.
of the Crinoid
197
Family Pentacriniby Austin
Infrabasals in Recent,
Hobart Clark
Generic Table of the Family Blastobasiddc.
Descriptions of New North American
Tineid Moths, with a, by Lord Walsiug-
ham
671
197
Genus and Two New Species. On Some Isopods of the Family Dajidse from the
Northwest Pacific Ocean, with Descriptions of a New, by Harriet Richardson.
Genus Comatula- Lamarck, with a Note on
.
689
theEncrinusParrajof Guerin. TheCrinoid,

701
by Austin Uol)art Clark
683
INDEX.
739
Page.
Genus
of
Typical Species. On Ctenohicius

Neglected, by Barton A. Bean
Gerridse
Gill,
A
244
2
Neglected Genus of Characin Fishes,

with Notes on the Tj^jical Species. On
Ctenolucius, by Barton A. Bean
Oirty, George H., Descriptions of New
Species of Upper Paleozoic Fossils from
China
701
596
flavolineatum
2S6
117
Hampala macrolepidota
5.37
Haplochilus pancha.x
Harengula moluccensis
2.39
Harpe
540
rufa
0:s,
Ilelarctos euryspilus
malayanus
503
Heliothrips
618
.'Xil
715
giuris
543
melanurus
543
Ilemigrammns
tanibujon
542
543
535, 542
Gnatholepis sternl>ergi
,536
545
14
bellottii
542
Goniphi.lia
719
11
boulongori
248,205,542
Gobius tambujon
715,719
2,14,16
anisitsi
248
GobiidaB
106
.561
hoemorrhoidalis
rubrocinctus
Hemibagrus planiceps
Hemidactylus f renatus
90, 102, 105, 119
Hagenius
Halicometra
37
Glischropus tylopus
Gloiopotes
Glossogobius brunneus
cainpbellianus
92,95
elegans
701
Gill)ertolus
Gill,
Page.
Haemulon carbonarium
Characin Fishes, with Notes on the
272,281
2,13,15
callistus
12
compressus
14
abbotti
282
elegans
12
confliiens
281
gracilis
13,15
javanica
281
heterorhalxius
kirschii
281
incon.stans
282
interruptus
maclachlani
Gomphinae
Gomphinae.
Gomphus
16
kennedyi
272, 278
The Dragonflies (Odonata) of

Burma and Lower SiamII. Subfamilies
Cordulegasterinaj, Chlorogomphina\ and,
by Edward Bruce "Williamson
14
3,14,17
267
14
lutkeni
14,16
mieropterus
13,15
nanus
12,15
riddlei
13
robustulus
275,304
147
(Aeshna) thomassoni
305
santae
ceylonicus
305
schmardrt'
kelantanensis
304
tridens
personatus
promelas
308
ulreyi
13
305
unilineatus
12
pryeri
308, 311
308
scissus
vermiculatus
298,304
xanthenatus
305, 308
Goniistius
163
(luadricornis
'.
167
vestitus
166
vittatus
163, 166, 167
zebra
zonatus
164
Ill
Grammoplites
Guatemala, by Messrs. Sehwarz and Barber.
On Some Earwigs (Forficulida?) collected
631
by Andrew Nelson Caudell

Guerin. The Crinoid Genus Comatula Lamarck, with a Note on the Encrinus Parr*
of, by Austin Ilobart Clark
169
Gurnards
649
in,
46
TIemirhamphus fluviatilis
Hepatus celebicus
dussmnmieri
540
247
247
Herpestes semitorquatus
Herpetocypridinae
Herpetocypris
.5.59
706
706
testudinaria
Ilerre, Albert Christian,
dan,
Review
706
and David Starr J or-
of the Cirrhitoid Fishes of
Japan
157
Hetaerlna
Heterakis
268
95
foveolata
Heterogomphus
93
276, 315
icterops
naninus
sumatranus
683
Gurnards, and other Mail-cheeked Fishes of

the Waters of Japan.
A Review of the
Flat-heads,
13
2,13,15
Ilemiodus othonops
Ilemiptychina
163, 164, 165, 166, 167
Gorgoderinae
2,16
unicolor
by David Starr .lordan and
316
31 4,
316
316
316
Ileterophryxus
689
691
Roliert Earl Richardson
629
Gymnocranius lethrinoides
Gymnosarda pelamys
Gymnothora.x flmbriata
243
appendiculat us
He.xanematiehthys fells
Hibiscus
625
Hippocampidae
240
239
Hippocampus kuda
240
2.39
Holcocera
isingleenoides
H;eniulida'
243
596,6().i,625
719
204
aphidiella
205
INDEX.
740
Page.
Holcopfra chalcof rontcUa
208
fluxolla
209
f ractilirica
202
glandulella
201
iceryaeella
210
iiigrostriata
204
nubilella
201
purpuroconiolla
207
retectella
201
triangularisella
201
241
Holocentridfe
Holocentnis ascenseionis
94, 105
671
715
030, 031
caudlmaeulatiim
241
hosokawae
241
macrolepis
633
689
nuli.s
635
962
alascensis
689, 692
californiensis
689,690,693
giardi
11
Holoprlstes ocellifer
Holothiiria floridana
TTolothiirians of the North Pacific Coast of
North America
6:H
in 1903, liy Charles Lincoln
Edwards
Ilomonymus
518
Ipomea
719
Iridio bivittatiis
coloradellils
Hoplerythrinus nnitseniatus
Hoplias malabaricus
HopliehthyidiE
Hoplichthys
Irona nana
decorus
072, 673
228
leuthardi
671, 672
36
miilleri
36
parrcB
647
645,647, 648
645
pusillus
Hot Spring in Lower California. Description

Species of Killifish,
319
577
31
31
570
570
leueiscus
671
Tlyocrinus
Hypatopa
211
-.
conia
212
episcia
211
fasciata
213
213
orites
texanella
208,211
Hyponomeuta
220
diaphonis
220
HyponomeutidEe
Hypselobagrus maeronema
216
536
Ichthyoborus microlepis
31
Ichthyonema
96
decoratus
melsenops
pertinax
rapax
tenax
Immature nematodes
A Review of the Cirrhitoid Fishes of,

by David Starr Jordan and Albert Chris-
Japan.
157
Review of the Flat-heads, Gurnards, and other Mail-cheeked Fishes of the

Waters of, by David Starr Jordan and
Japan. On a Collection of Fishes from Echigo, by David Starr Jordan and Robert
."V
263
Alvin Scale
Jordan, David Starr, and Albert Christian
Herre, A Review of
535
the Cirrhitoid
Fishes of Japan
and Alvin
of Fi.shes Collected
in the
Riverat Buy-
tenzorg, Java,
Dr.
by
Douglas
Houghton
281
278
91,
93
bell
pan
Camp-
Richardson, A Review of the FlatGurnards,

heads,
and other Mailcheeked Fishes of
the Waters of Ja-
279
157
. . .
Scale, List
and Robert Earl
279
629
Earl Richardson
Java. List of Fishes collected in the River at
Buytenzorg by Dr. Douglas Houghton
Campbell, by David Starr Jordan and
96
279, 280
689
514, 517
Ividia
272,278
glo biceps
Ictinus
688'
687, 688
Isopods of the Family Dajid'se from the

Northwest Pacific Ocean, with Descriptions of a New Genus and Two New Species. On Some, by Harriet Richardson..
Japan.
llydrocyon forskalii
Hydrolycus pectoralis
Hylobates concolor
087
tian Herre
Liicania
Bro\^Tii, from a, by David Starr Jordan

Hough, Walter, The Pulque of Mexico
071
Isocriniis
228
646, 648
langsdorfii
158
158
asteria
646,647, 648
langsdorfi
120
622
644
gilberti
93, 104
japonica
644
citriiius
106
radiatus
Isobuna
49
New
514, 518
lole scitnla
collected 1)y the Albatross
Homoiotes palliata
(i34
lolaea
2,11
riddlei
In.sidiator
comutus
Tlolophryxns
of
Page.
Indiana University, with Descriptions of

New Species. An Amiotated List of Characin Fishes in the United States National
Museum and the Museimi of, by Carl II.
Eigeranami and Fletcher Ogle
Infrabasals in Recent Genera of theCrinoid
Family PentacrinitidiE, by Austin llobart
Clark
Insects from Barbados and St. Vincent Islands. On a Collection of Thysanopterous,
by Henry James Franklin
535
629
INDEX.
741
Page.
Robert Earl
Richa rdson, De-
Jordan, David Starr, and
scription of a
Page.
Lepidopus
324, 347
Lepidotrigla
New
649
abyssalis
Species of Killifish,
alata
Lucania
Browni,
from a Hot Spring
giintheri
Lower
in
Califor-
nia
and
319
Robert Earl
Richardson,
a
Collection of Fishes
from Echigo, Ja-
Kalophrynns
Kerwoula hardwickii
Lucania Browni, from a Hot Spring
in Lower Cahfomia. Description-of a New
Species of, by David Starr Jordan and
Konosirus nasiis
Kuhlia nialo
Leporinus
microptera
651
651
348
348
9
f rederici
megalepis
575
myuscormn
563
nattereri
parse
2,
reinhardti
steindachneri
2,
319
striatus
239
taeniatus
242
trifasciatus
242
Leptogomphus
273, 291, 304
Kuliliidse
242
assimilis
Labia arcuata
biUneata
173
gestroi
651
651, 652
afflnis
KiUifish,
rupestris
653
jourdaini
573, 576
stellatus
654
longipinnis
strauchi
576
pleurostigma
japoiiica
Lepimaorus
573
acutirostris
650
smithii
263
654
652, 653
serridens
On
pan
6.52,
291
291, 294
173, 174
gracilis
291
breviforceps
174
inclitus
291, 293
cacaoensis
171
kelantanensis
291
schwarzi
173
lansbergei
291
maculivertex
295
Labrador and Newfoundland. Fresh-Water

Crustacea from, by Joseph A. Cushmau.
705
Labridae
245
Labrus marmoratus
159
t richopterus
541
Lachnolaimus maximus
Laetophrys tricomis
108, 109
trigonus
108, 109
330
muricatus
Lamarck, with a Note on the Encrinus
473
Parrof Guerin. The Crinoid Genus Comatula, by Austin Holiart Clark

Laminifera
683
361, 377
eomuta
361
Lamna comubica
nikkonis
382, 386, 410, 423
382
299
;
102
263
264
Leiognathus dussumieri
edentula
Leiostomus xanthurus
Lepeophthei rus
bifurcatus
dissimulatus
242
242
625
382
619
120, 625
026
radiatus
613, 016, 617
brevoortia;
244
244
539
Libellulidse
271
Limosnia
Linton, Edwin, Notes on Parasites of Ber-
698
muda
Fishes
85
Liogyra
List of Characin Fishes in the United States
National Museimi and the Museum of
Indiana University, with Descriptions of
New Species. An Annotated, by Carl H.
Eigenmann and Fletcher Ogle
List of Fishes collected in the River at Buytenzorg, Java, by Dr. Douglas Houghton
Campbell, by David Starr Jordan and
.A.lvin
698
535
Seale
LithocoUetis
221
ceriferae
robustus
244
Leuciscus lateristriatus
605, 613, 619
Lepidaplois bilunulatus
Lepidoeephalichthys hasseltii
244
xanthoteenia
hippoglossi
594, 600, 625
244
richardsoni
bifasciella
monacanthus
624
Lethrinus harak
m.ashenoides
miniatus
326, 625, 626
604, 626
624, 625
Lernanthropus
edwardsi
longispinosus
295
Lemaeenieus
90, 106, 120
Laemargus
monensis
Lanthus
Larval dibothria
Lefua echigonia
nietneri
'.
223
222
cervina
221
leucothorax
223
619
Liza amarula
240
245
troscheli
240
.537
waigiensis
240
INDEX.
742
Page.
Lizard from the Philippine Islands.

Geckoid, by Leonhard Stejneger
Lizard ft-om the Philippine Islands.
Species of Flying,
A New
54
A New
by Leonhard Stejneger.
Lonsdaleia chinensis
Lower California. Description of a
G77
37
New
Species of Killifish, Lucania Browni, from
Hot Spring
by David Starr Jordan

and Roliert Earl Richardson
Lower Siam II. Subfamilies Cordulegasterinse, Chlorogomphinse, and Gomphinfe.
The Dragonflies (Odonata) of Bm-ma and,
Lucania browaii
Lucania Browni, from allot Spring in Lower
California. Description of a New Species of
Killifish, by David Starr Jordan and Roliert Earl Richardson
701
Luciocharax
Luetkenia
Luperosaurus
a
Page.
Mason, Otis
Basilan Island
Mearns, Surgeon, U. S. Army, with Descriptions of Seven New Species. On a Collection
of Fishes from the Philippine Islands,
made by Maj. Edgar A., l)y Alvin Seale
and Barton A. Bean

319
267
319
231
alestes
231
Megalaspis cordyla
Melania campanellaj
242
rufa
504
494
Menestho
Menestomoi-pha
514, 520
214
oblongata
214, 215
Menidia menidia
025
Merogomphus
,
276. 316
310
Merone americana
625
702
Metacrinus
671
angulatus
iotundus
superbus
4G1
545
546
674
671,672,673,674,67.5, 676
674,675
545
Metaxia diadema
Lutianidae
243
Lutianus chry sotfenia

f ulviflamma
gibbus
kasmira
243
243
metaxae
Metynnis hypsauchen
Mexico, The Pulque of, by Walter Hough
243
Michelinea concimia
183
35
.
577
39
f avositoides
mai-ginatus
243
Micralestes interruptus
monostigma
243
Microcotyle
rivulatus
243
Microgomphus
vitta
243
chelifer
295
560
Micropogon undulatus
Mola
104, 625
560
lovii
Luvarus
461
94, 96, 112

Lycodontis moringa
710
Lynceid aa
711
Lynceus sphrericus
708
Lyncodaphnidffi .
Lyon, Marcus Ward, jr., Mammals collected
547
in Western Borneo, by Dr. W. L. Abbott.
545
Mabuya multicarinata
566
Macaca broca
fascicularis
nemestrina
Macrogomphus
hirsuticornis
273, 295
461
mola
471, 478, 483
Mollusk Planorbis Magnificus, and Descriptions of
Two New Forms
of the
Same
709
Monoculus pulex
707
Monopteridse
Monopterus albus
535
Monostomum
118
Mail-cheeked Fishes of the Waters of Japan.

A Review of the Flat-heads, Gurnards,
and other, by David Starr Jordan and
sexnotella
vinal-edwardsii
629
Monnula
547
Moths. Descriptions of NewNorth American

Tineid, with a Generic Table of the Fam-
548
248
Markiana nigripinnis
Martyn's Universal Conchologist. Supplementary Notes on, liy William Healey
30
177
185
697
177
249
491
53
219
535
118
510
rissoina
useus
Marine Mollusks from the West Coast of
America. New, by Paul Bartsch
f
oO
103
Mompha
705, 709

Mammals collected in Western Borneo by
Dr. W. L. Abbott, by Marcus Ward
Lyon, jr
Manis javanica
39
535
565, 566
273,287,290
Macrones planiceps
Macropteronotus magur
Macrothrix
.38,
536
565
..
Genus from the Southern States. Notes

on the Fresh-Water, by Paul Bartsch
Mollusks from the West Coast of America.
New Marine, by Paul Bartsch
Mollusks of the Genus Triphoris. The West
American, by Paul Bartsch
Mollusks of the Oregonian Faunal Area.
The Pyramidellid, by William Healey
Dall and Paul Bartsch
Molpadia borealis
Dall
182
243
Lutra barang
Mapo
193
229
Mearnsella
in,
eumingii
macgregori
Basketry Bolo Case from
T.,
510
ily Blastobasidffi, by Lord Walsingham..

Mountains of Ecuador. A New Fresh-Water
Bivalve (Corneocyclas) from the, by Paul
Bartsch
197
Mugil cephalus
Mugilid*
MuUidaMuUus barbatus
625
681
240
245
649
743
INDEX.
Page
Mumiola tenuis
520
Muntiacus pleiharicus
550
Mursenidse
Mils ephippium
239
Museum
of
558
New
Species.
List of Characin
States National
seum and the Museum
by Carl
Fietclier Ogle
H. Eigemnann and
Mush
558
rajah
Mustelus canis
423
Mycteroperca apua
89,90,
91, 92, 94, 97, 98, 105, 119, 120
Myletes baremose
dentex
29
Myleus levis
Mylossoma albiscopus
Myotis muricola
Myrica cerifera
I'j
222
Myripristis macrolepis
241
29
Sfi
5fi3
murdjan
241
29
Nannsethiops unita?niatus
Nannoseiurus borneanus
5,'i8
558
exilis
5G9
Nasalis larvatus
Museum and the Museum of Indiana University, with Descriptions of New

Species. An Annotated List of Characin
Fishes in the United States, by Carl H. Eigemnann and Fletcher Ogle
Neglected Genus of Charaein Fishes, with
Notes on the Typical Species. On Ctenolucius Gill, A, by Barton A. Bean
Nemacheilus fasciatus
National
Nematoda
701
537
90
Neolobophora ruftceps
Neomsenis apodus
175
New
ippine Islands,
New
from a Hot Spring in Lower California.

Description of a, by David Starr .Jordan
New Species of Recent Unstalked Crinoids
from the Coasts of Northeastern Asia. Descriptions of, by Austin llohart Clark
New Species of Recent Unstalked Crinoids
from the North Pacific Ocean. Descriptions of, by Austin lIol)art Clark
New Species of Toads from the Philippines.
Two, by Leonhard Stejneger
New.Species of Upper Paleozoic Fossils from
China. Descriptions of, by George 11. Girty.
New Species. On a Collection of Fishes from
the Philippine Islands, made liy Maj._ Edgar A. Mearns, Surgeon, U. S. -Anny, with
Descriptions of Seven; by Alvin Scale and
Barton A. Bean.'.
New Species. On Some Isopods of the Family
Dajidse from the Northwest Pacific Ocean,
with Descriptions of a New Genus and
Two, by Harriet Richardson
Nogagus angustulus
040
ca?lel)s
120
curticaudis
324, 426, 442, 446, 460, 626
689
3.50,
366
446, 448, 460
434,436
407, 446, 455, 458
447, 452, 455
442, 447, 452
grandis
349, 350, 379, 446, 453
434
latreillii
407, 426, 442, 460
424,'446, 456
luetkeni
447,454
lunatiis
446, 454
same Genus from the
447, 455
nnirrayi
productus
380, 441, 447, 457

446, 4.57
socialis
697
spinacii-achantias
tenax
validus.
705
Nogaus
Bivalve (Corneocyclas)
of Ecuador, by Paul
latreillii
from the Mountains
Bartsch
New Geckoid Lizard from the Philippine
681
Genera and Species of Caliginfe. North
.American Parasitic Copepods, by Charles
Branch Wilson
New Genus and Two New Species. On Some
Isopods of the Family Dajidse from the
Northwest Pacific Ocean, with Descriptions of a, by Harriet Richardson
545
Islands,
229
437
Southern States. Notes on the FreshWater Mollusk Planorbis Magniflcus and

Descriptions of Two, by Paul Bartsch
Fresh-Water
Crustacea
Newfoundland.
from lyabrador and, liy .Joseph A. Cush-
man
New Fresh-Water
37
gracilis
curticaudis
of the
573
431, 432, 433, 434, 448
borealis
New Forms
69
446, 448, 455, 458
elongatus
errans
330, 424
orientalis
127
437, 446, 448, 459
braccatus
brevlcaudatus
Nerocila acuminata
angustatus
319
357, 424, 426, 432, 446, 447, 448
borealis
Neoplatycephalus
alatus
677
Species of Killiflsh, Lucania Browni,
98, 102, 118
Nessipus
Species of Flying Lizard from the Phil-
90
synagris
Mu-
Indiana Univer-
with Descriptions of, by Carl H.

Eigemnann and Fletcher Ogle
92
hastingsi
of
197
List of Characin
sity,
90,92,94,9f>,98
griseus
177
by Lord Walsingham
Fishes in the United States National
Fishes in the United

the,
of,
New Species. An Annotated
An Annotated
Museum and
Marine MoUusks from the West Coast

America, by Paul Bartsch
New North American Tineid Moths, with a
Generic Table of the Family Blastobasida?.
of
Descriptions
Indiana University, with De-
scriptions of
New
New
593
689
446, 458, '*60

426, 442, 446, 448, 459, 460
397,399,400,435,436,442,446,461
439
439, 444, 446, 454
North America, collected by the Albatross

in 1903. The Holothurians of the North
Pacific Coast of, by Charles Lincoln Edwards
North American Parasitic Copepods belonging to the Family Caligidae. A Revision of
the Pandarinae and the Cecropinae, by
North American Parasitic Copepods, New
Genera and Species of Caliginse, by Charles
Branch Wilson
49
323
593
INDEX.
744
Page.
Page.
Odostomia (Evalea) phanea
North American Tineid Moths, with a Generic Table of the Family Blastobasidae.
Descriptions of New, V)y Lord Walsing-
ham
197
Northeastern Asia. Descriptions of New

Species of Recent Unstalked Crinolds from
the Coasts of, by Austin Hobart Clark ...
528
tacomaensis
526
tenuisculpta
tillamookensis
527
valdezi
526
522
inflata
127
North Pacific Coast of North America collected by the Albatross in 1903. The Holothiirians of the, by Charles Lincoln Edwards
North Pacific Ocean. Descriptions of New
Species of Recent Unstalked Crinoids
from the, by Austin Hobart Clark
Northwest Pacific Ocean, with Descriptions
of a New Genus and Two New Species. On
Some Isopods of the Family Dajidse from
the, by Harriet Richardson
Note on the Encrinus Parris of Guerin. The
Crinoid Genus Comatula Lamarck, with
a, by Austin Hobart Clark
Notes on Martyn's LTniversal Conchologist.
Supplementary, by William Healey Dall.
Notes on Parasites of Bermuda Fishes, by
Edwin Linton
Notes on the Fresh-Water MoUusk Planorbis Magnificus and Descriptions of Two
New Forms of the same Genus from the
Southern States, by Paul Bartsch
Notes on the Typical Species. On Ctenolucius Gill, A Neglected Genns of Characin
Fishes, with, by Barton A. Bean
(lolaea)
523
amianta
579
(Ividia) navlsa
517,518
delmontensis
(Menestho) exara
49
518
521
harfordensis
521
pharcida
520
nuciformis
satura
straminea
var. gouldi
09
530
529
527
531
Oecophora inunctella
689
211
CEcophoridae
199
Ofryoxus
708
gracilis
and Carl H. Eigenmann, An

Annotated List of Characin Fishes in the
Museum of Indiana University, with De-
Ogle, Fletcher,
(583
185
scriptions of
85
Ompox
New
Species
bimaculatus
536
siluroides
.536
On
a Collection of Fishes from the Philippine Islands, made by Maj. Edgar A.
()97
Mearns, Surgeon, U. S. Army, with Descriptions of Seven New Species, by .\lvin

Scale
701
Notogomphus
300
Notophry.xus
Nototheniidse
Notothyris djoulfensis
689
248
and Barton A. Bean.
On some Earwigs
in
229
.-.
(Forflculidse)
Collected
Guatemala by Messrs. Schwarz and
169
Onychogomphus
269, 275, 305, 308, 313, 310
Barlier, l)y
47
annularis
308, 312
inflata
47
biforceps
308
willisiana
46
bistrigatus
309
565
camelus
309
90, 100, 102, 109, 118
cerastis
Nycticebus l)orneanus
Ocyurus chrysurus
Odonata
309, 312
flexuosus
314
frontalis
309
geometricus
309
267
grammieus
309
248
inscriptus
309
243
lineatus
Burma and liower Siam II

Subfamilies Cordulegasterinse Chlorogompliinae, and Gomphinae. The Dragonflies,
(Odonata) of

Odontobutis obscurus
Odontonectes
Odoiitostilbe microcephalus
maclachlani
2,10
Odostomia
513
(
Amaura) gouldi
528, 531
310
310
529
nigrescens
montereyensis
nuciformis
531
reinwardtii
531
saundersii
avellana
530, .531
satura
avellana
(Chrysallida
.529
530
)
cooperi
514
Ophryoxus
montereyensis ...
516
Opisthocosmia aniericana
516
Oplichthys
cohunbiana
525
deliciosa
525
gouldi
528
inflata
524
jewetti
523
310
311,312,314
striatus
515
523
310
thomassoni
Ophicephalidw
Ophicephalus gacluia
astricta
oregonensis
(Evalea) angularis
309
310,313
m-flavum
modestus
kennerleyi
.530,
309
circujaris
271
gracilis
311
540
541
-
540
708
175
644
langsdorfii
Oregonian P'aunal Area. The Pyramidellid

Mollusks of the, by William Healey Dall
and Paul Bartsch
Oreophryne celebensis
Ornix
645
491
574
224
745
INDEX.
Page.
Page.
Ornix innotata
224
Pandarus unicolor
272, 277
vulga ris
396, 403
278
zygsente
306,415,416
'
Orogomphus
speciosus
277, 278
splpndidus
,447,460
Pannychia moseleyi
62
Orthagorisciola
401 472
va r. henrice
mnrieata
Orthopristis chry soptorus
472. 473
wood-masoni
62.5
OrthragoriscLls
401
Osphromenidse
Osphronienus striatiis
'J41
Parabembras
curtus
644
japonious
1.58
158
">U
Paradoxurus philippincnsis
OsteochiUis hasseltii
'^SQ
Ostracoda
Otobothriuin prenacoUe
penetrans
700
Paralichthys lethostigmus
Paranthias furcifer
Parapercis cylindrica
Parapetalus
99
100
649, ai5, &5S
Otnliime
hemisticta
658
562
Pachysoma brachyotis
Coast of North America collected by
the Albatross in 1903. The Holothurians
of the North, liy Charles Lincoln Edwards
Pacific Ocean. D;'.scriptions of New Species
of Recent Tnstalked Crinoids from the
North, by Austin Uobart Clark
Pacific Ocean, with Descriptions of a New
Two New
Species.
49
od
On Some
Isopods of the Family Dajidee from the

Northwest, liy Harriet Richardson
Paederus Isetus
Pagrus major
New
Species of Upper,
lO.'i
by George H.
37
265
Pallasina aix
264,265
264
540
<
325 345
Pandarinse
Pandarinse and the Cecropinae. A Revision

of North .\merican Parasitic Copepods
belonging to the Family Caligidse, liy
Pandarus
Bermuda
Edwin Linton
Parasites of
248
606
.594,607,626
Fishes.
Notes on, by
85
Copepods
Parasitic Copepods belonging to the Family
Caligida''. North American, A Re\ision()f
the Pandarime and the Cecropimse. liy
Parasitic Copepods, North American, New
Genera and Species of Caligiiur, l>y Charles
Branch Wilson
Parodon affinis
W.>
G irty
barbata
eryngia
Panchax buchanani
625
92,99,101,102,117
oecidentalis
689
Paleozoic Fossils from China. Descriptions

of
559
Parasitic
Pacific
Genus and
63
642,644
Paracirrhiles
'>41
trichoptcrns
62
120
323
593
6
paraguayensis
2,6
piracicabffi
2,
Parrieof Guerin. TheCrinoid Genus Comatula Lamarck, with a Noteon theEncrinus.

l)y Austin Holiart Clark
Parthenia annata
Pasiphoea pacifica
Pegasida;
PelecjTDoda
Pennella
Pentacrinitidse. Infrabasals in Recent Genera of the Crinoid Family, by Austin
Hobart Clark
Pentacrinus
323
683
517
692
240
47
477
671
671
687
mtilleri
302,374,387
Pentacta calcigera
54
affinis
431,4.33,446,448,4.50
Pentapus nemurus
244
alatus
365, 367
boscii
400
Perca scandens
Perissopus
conununis
dentatus
brevicaudatus
397
Peristediidie
659
Peristedion
659
armatus
448
bicolor
.324,,3S7,.394,.390,400,440,448
brevicaudis
earchari se
cociimatus
397,400,435,436,461
concinnus
cranchii
,
661
orientale
660
396
riefleli
662
orientale
659
660
riefleli
662
Peristethus
403 444 446 450 454 624 626

,
dentatus
403,407,4.36,4.51
fisslfrons
400
lamnee
latreillii
lividus
musteli-lsevis
pallidus
satyrus
sinuatus
smithii
spinacii-achantias
352, 353, 354, 361
397
393,
39t)
340, 354, 361, 446, 626
amiscus
103,4.53
".
541
347, 352
374,380,382,390
403
396
396,447,456,460
403
396,397,415
417, 446
410,446
444,447,458
272
Petalurina?
Phenacogranmius
Philippine Islands.
from
the,
3.
A New
30
Geckoid Lizard
A New Species of Flying

Lizard from the, by Leonhard Stejneger.
Philippine Islands, made by Maj. Edgar A.
Mearns, Surgeon, U. S. Army, with Descriptions of Seven New Species. On a Collection of Fishes from the, by .\l\in Seale
545
Philippine Islands.
and Barton
.V.
Bean
677
229
INDEX.
746
Page.
Philippines.
the,
Two New Species of Toads from
573
410
Prionotiis japonicus
654
tribulatus
461, 478
Philorthragorisfiis
sernitus
478,479
PhoHdopus
324, 347
Phrynixalns
573
aiiuliitus
'
Phylhipliora
361
Physapus
244
2,5
insigni.s
scrofa
\iinlioides
3fil
'.
242
Pristipoma hasta
Prochilodus beani
119
conitit a
242
urotsenia.
.573, ,574
omiini
626
Priopis lungi
724
Phoeothripida'
I'hyllcHli.si
Page.
PrionJice glauca
Proda jus
729
._.
lol
)iancoi
089
090
Prosaetes
439
31
Prunus serotinus
216
melanostomus
31
Psalis
172
Piaractus brachypomiis
36
Pseetrogastor auratus
rnbrocincta
723
Piabucina panamensis
Pia))uciis
Pimelodus inaoilatu.s
603
Phinorliis
697
bicariiiatiis
699
encosiiiius
699
699
vangliani
698
iriagnificiis
Planorbis Magnificus and Description of

Two New Forms of the same Genus from
the Southern States. Notes on the Fresh-
Water
220
scapularis
Platacidffi
246
030
Pyrgolampros
041
japonicus
macrolepis
meerdervoortil
030
630,634
035
030
630
punctatus
038
rudis
635
spathula
spinosus
641
033
Platygomphus
35
491
038
pristiger
35
504
030
.35
Pyrgiscus
insidiator
polyodon
.5.'i8
041
275,303
171
498
mioperplicatulus
036 ,638
uscus
guttatus
.538
640
240
.577
Pyragra chontalia
Pyramidellid Mollusks of the Oregonian
Faunal Area, l)y William Healey Ball and
Paul Bartsch
029,644
crocodilus
Hough
Pygocentrus altus
097
Platycephalus
angustus
asper
245
620
rubripinnis
nattereri
Platycephalidse
226
angiistella
Pseudupeiieus moana.
Pteroplatea maclura
Pulque of MeJcico, l)y Walter
Puntius ol)tusirostris
097
Platax orbicularis
Pseudoxylesthia
Bartsch
Planorbis (Pierosoma) magnificus
Molluslv, l)y Paul
curvi ventris
498
Rachycentron canadus
610,623,026
Rasbora lateristriata
5.39
punctulatus
2.32
Ratufa ephippium
5.57
Recent Genera of the Orinoid Family PentacrinitidiE.
Infraliasals in, by Austin IIobart Clark
Recent Unstalked Crinoids from the Coasts
of Northeastern Asia. Descriptions of New
Species of, l)y Austin Ilobart Clark
Recent Unstalked Crinoids from the Nortli
PacificOcean. Descriptions of
of,
671
127
New Species
by Austin Hobart Clark
69
dolabratus
303
Reticularia lineata
45
fese
303
Reticularias pseudolineata
45
?occultus
Pleetorhynchus hiEmatochir
Pleuronectes
.303
244
Review of the Cirrhitojd Fishes of Japan, by

David Starr Jordan and Albert Christian
461
Ilerre
Plotosidae
239
Review
Plotosus anguillaris
2.39
PoeciliidiE
540
Polydactylus opercularis
234
plebeius
241
zophomus
241
Polynemidae
Pomaeentrida;
Pomo pygnia5us pygmaeus
Preslij'tis chrysomelas
234
245
571
567, 568
cristata
568
rubicundus
567
sumatranus
507
Priacanthns arena tus
120
157
Gurnards, and
other Mail-cheeked Fishes of the Waters of
Japan, by David Starr Jordan and Robert
Earl Richardson
Revision of the Pandarinte and the Cecropina^. North American ParasiticCopepods
belonging to the Family Caligidae, by
of the Flat-heads,
Rhaphiodon vulpintis
Rhinocypha
Rhinodon typicus
Rhinolophus trifoliatus
Rhomliopora lepidodendroides
obliqua
629
323
31
268
439
563
43
43
INDEX.
747
Page
Uhoniljopora polyporata
Rhynchobothrium
Page.
43
100
l)isulcatnni
speciosum
Scymnus
Seale, Alvin,
98,99
spiracomutum
98
Rhytiodiis microlepis
Richardson, Harriet, On Some Isopods of
the Family Dajidse from the Northwest
Pacific Ocean, with Descriptions of a New
Genus and Two New Species
Richardson, Robert Earl, and David Starr
Jordan, A Review, of the Flat-heads, Gur-
and Barton A. Bean, On a Collection of Fishes from the

Philippine Islands, made by
Maj. Edgar A. Mearns, Surgeon, U. S. Army, with Descriptions
of
Fishes of the Waters of Japan.

Description of a New Species of
319
fornia
478
Semnopithecus ehrysomelas
567
Seriola dumerili
114
fasciata
113
lalandi
626
Serranidaj
Al vin Seale
32
prognathus
xenodon
32
32
Rogadius
630
Seale
539
Siam II.
Rusa
550
larookei
34
Salariichthys textilis
118
Sarcodaces odoe
Seardia
anatomella
36
(Forficulidae) Collected in
Chlorogomphinse, and Gomphinee. The

Dragonflies (Odonata) of Burma and
Lower, by Edward Bruce Williamson
Sieboldius
japponicus
225
Siganus fuscescens
virgatus
247
247
245
Sillaginidse
Sillago
maculato
245
Siluridae
536
Silurus batrachus
535
bimaculatus
245
Sciurus liangkanus
borneoensis
555
6.36
'.
pygmseus
Simocephalus
571
707
expinosus
borneoensis
552, 553
sernilatus
palustris
553,554
552
dulitensis
555
ephippium
557
557
hippurellus
prevostii
554
552
borneoensis
554, 555
vittatus dulitensis
555
polymorphus
360, 424, 431 626
Scolopsis bimaculatus
244
cancellatus
708
,
vetulus
707
708
Southern States. Notes on the Fresh-Water

MoUusk Planorbis Magnificus and De-
Two New Fonus of the same

Genus from the, by Paul Bartsch
scriptions of
Sparatta flavipeimula
172
244
Sparida;
Species of Caliginae.
sitic
697
173
minuta
101
Scoliodon terrse-novse
568
570
leucisca
552, 555
sanggaus
536
inermis
169
Scisenida?
rafBesii var.
285
247
Simia cristata
267
272,285
Siganidae
Guatemala by
prevostii
229
Cordulegasterinae,
226
Scarichthyidw
236,245
245
Scarichthys auritus
cseruleopunctatus
245
246
Scatophagidse
246
Scatophagus argus
Schizodon f asciatus
7
Schwarz and Barber. On Some Earwigs
Scolc.x
Subfamilies
225
gracilis
35
and Barton A. Bean
630
Salaminus maxillosus
35
Seven New Species. On a Collection of Fishes

from the Philippine Islands, made by
Maj. Edgar A. Mearns, Surgeon, U. S.
Army, with Descriptions of, by Ahin
Rohira hasseltii
asper
35
spilopleura
535
Roeboides myersii
Messrs.
235, 242
Serrasalmo brandti
marginatus
by David Starr Jordan and
535
177
263
River at Buytenzorg, Java, by Dr. Douglas

Houghton Campbell. List of Fishes Collected in the,
Fishes Collected in the
vomer
Fishes from
Echigo, Japan
229
List
Sella niontcreyensis
Selene
Lucania Browni, from

a Hot Spring in Lower Caliof
New
Seven
River at Buytenzorg, Java,

by Dr. Douglas Houghton
Campbell
629
Killiflsh,
a Collection
of
Species
and David Starr Jordan,
689
nards, and other Mail-cheeked
On
3S2
glacialis
Copepods,
North American ParaNew Genera and, by
244
Scomber macrolepidotus
241
Scombridee
Scombroides tala
toloo-parah
241
ScorpsBuidie
248
241
241
Charles Branch Wîlson

Species of Flying Lizard from the Ptiilippine
593
A New, by Leonhard
677
Islands.
Stejneger.
Species of Killifish, Lucania browni, from a

Hot Spring in Lower Cahfornia. Descrip-
New, by David Starr Jordan and

tion of a
319
INDEX.
748
Page
rage.
Species of Recent Unstalked Crinoids from
the Coasts of Northeastern Asia. Descrip-
Siibfamilies Cordulegasterina;,
127
Species of Recent Unstalked Crinoids from
the North Pacific Ocean. Descriptions of

New, by Austin Ilobart Clark
Species of Toads from the Philippines.
Two New, by Leonhard
69
Stejneger
573
Upper Paleozoic Fossils from

China. Descriptions of New, by George H.
Species
of
37
Girty
Species.
On a
Collection of Fishes from the
Philippine Islands, made by Maj. Edgar

A. Mearns, Surgeon, U. S. Army, with
Descriptions of Seven New, by Alvin
Seale and Barton A. Bean
Species. On Some Isopods of the Family
DajidtE from the Northwest Pacific Ocean,
with Descriptions of a New Genus and

Two New, by Harriet Richardson
Sphenomorphus
tions
229
Spheroides lunaris
Sphingolabis linearis
Sphyrfena obtusata
sphyrsena
689
of
New North American
197
565
Temnopithecus hosei
Terapon jarbua
567
theraps
Tetragonopterus argenteus
243
rivularis interrupta
248
Tetrarhynchus bisulcatus
100
118
45
46
45
Thoracocharox
inermis
japonicus
macrolepis
meerdervoortii
spinosus
452
sexnotella
219
325
439
A New
Geckoid Lizard from the Philip545
pine Islands
A New
Species of Flying Lizard from the

Philippine Islands.
.
677
Two New Species of

Toads from the
Philippines
Stichopu.s californica
636, 638
636
636, 639, 640
634
635
633
Thysanopterous Insects from Barbados and

St. Vincent Islands. On a Collection of, by
Henry James Franklin
Tinea
715
227
sparsipunctella
Tineid Moths, with a Generic Table of the
Family Blastobasidse. Descriptions of
New North
ham
227
American, by Lord Walsing197
221
Tineida;
573
214
Stenoinatidic
461
630,631
crocodilus
319
220
rhinodontis
31
Thynnus
Thysanophrys
argyrcela
Stejneger, Leonhard,
277
715
219
Stasiotes
276
Thripidse
422
canis
Stagmatophora
248
248
Tetraodontidse
radiatus
174, 175
16
248
reticulatus
lineatus
46
9,^5
Tetraodon immaculatus
patoca
Teuthis coeruleus
Thecagaster
brevistigma
45,
Spring in Lower California. Description of a

New Species of Killiflsh, Lucania Browni,
from a Hot, by David Starr Jordan and
Squalus acanthias
18
fasciatus interruptus
458
Spongophora pygmaea
243
175
416, 431
Spirigera pronti
105
Tineid
bellottii
241
Spirifer blackwelderi
240
105, 616. 626
Tarsius tarsier
431, 626
zygacna
50
240
248
116
Spinax achantias
248
Moths, with a Generic, by Lord Walsing-
241
Sphy rajnidse
Sphyrna tiburo
185
550
ham
545
jagorii
Syngnathid*
Syngnathus schlegelii
Synodus f oetens
267
saurus
Table of the Family Blastobasidse. Descrip-
434, 442, 446, 451
Specilligus curticaudis
and Gomphinae. The Dragonflies

(Odonata) of Burma and Lower Siam, by
Edward Bruce Williamson
Supplementary Notes on Martyn's Universal
Conchologist, by William Healey Dall
Sus liarbatus
Synanciditmi horridum
Synapta rotifera
phinae,
New, by Austin Hobart Clark
tions of
Chlorogom-
64
Tischeria
224
albostraminea
Toadsfroni the Philippines. Two
cies of, by Leonhard Stej neger
224
New
Spe-
573
Torpedo occidentalis
Toxotes jaculatrix
373
495
Toxotidse
245
alpina
495
498
Trachurops crumenophthalmus
Trachynotus carolinus
Tragulus l)orneanus
120
stylina
challenger!
japonicus
Strioturbonilla
Vincent Islands. On a Collection of Thysanopterous Insects from Barbados and,

by Henry James Franklin
65
63
St.
245
104
550
549
hosei
715
kanchil hosei
549
INDEX.
749
Page.
Tragulus napu
550
.-
rematoda
500
330
newcomliei.. .501.503
oregonensis ...
503
549
virgicollis
Trehius
Page.
Turboiiilla (Pyrgolampros) lyalli
103
taylori
499
T richiurus lepturus
626
valdezi
502
Trichopus striatus
Trichostomiun dichotoma
\ictoriana
501
220
'r
541
Trichothrips niger
Triforis adversa
725
torquata
alata
650
(Turbonilla)
biirgeri
650
heinisticta
658
656
pictipinnis
656
spinosa
656
492
617
caligodes
617, 625, 626
Two New Forms
of the same Genus from

the Southern States. Notes on the Fresh-
Two New Species. On Some
252
catalinensis
253
261 262
,
Descriptions
'.
697
573
Isopods of the
Family Dajidie from the Northwest Pacific Ocean, with Descriptions of a New
Genus and. by Harriet Richardson
689
Tylosurus acns
96. 100. 115, 626
dalli
257
excolpus
galapagensis
hemphilli
inconspicuus
infrequens
montereyeiisis
255
Iciuroides
240
260
leiurus
240
253
marinus
249, 2.58
249
249
paiianiensi.s
256
pedroanus
250
jjeninsularis
255
stearnsi
254
The West American MoUusks
Triphoris.
Paul Bartsch
Trochostoma antarcticum
the (leims,
Ijy
of
249
53
Ijoreale
53
ooliticiun
53
Tucca iiiipressa
Tupaia dorsalis
625
speciosa
562
tana
562
562
Turbo albulus
520
plicatu-s
493, 513
Tiirbonilla
typica
Tuxophoriis
251 261
261
chathameiisis
494
249, 259
644, 649
Triphoris adainsi
alternatus
callipyrgus
carpenteri
493
gilli
Water MoUusk Planorbis Magnifieus and

of. by Paul Bartsch
Two New Species of Toads from the Philippines, by Leoiihard Stejneger
664
volitans
Triglidic
495
495, 496
delinontousis...
656
dorsoiiiaculata
497
vancouvereiisis
655
kumu
497
styliiia
249. 252
T rigia
(Strioturlionilla) serra>
492
a NegFishes, with
eastern Asia. Descriptions of
Upeneus maeulatus
513
scriptions of
510
II.
tridentata
511
626
245
from China. DeSpecies of, by George
New
Girty
V'alentina
37
.'
493
fractilinea
(Pyrgiscus) antestriata
506
canfieldi
504
gland ulella
nothrotes
castanea
eucosmobasis
509
retectella
latifundia
506
morchi
505
tenuicula
508
502
69
93,
Fossils
phcata
5OO
127
vittatus
lordi
502
Species
Ocean. Descriptions of New Species of

Recent, by Austin Hobart Clark
Upper Paleozoic
berryi
New
by Austin Hobart Clark

Unstalked Crinoids from the North Pacifie
404
chocolata
gibbosa
of Recent,
494
502
119
185
gracilhuia
(Pyrgolampros) aurantia
113
Dall
gilh
507
701
245
UnstalkedCrinoids fi-om theCoasts of North-
494
(Mormula) eschscholtzi
Gill,
Genus of Characin
Notes on the, by Barton A. Bean
Umbrina dussumieri
Undetermined Distomes
Undetermined Trematode
Mu.seum of Indiana University, with Descriptions of New Species. An Annotated
List of Characin Fishes in the, by Carl H.
Eigenmann and Fletcher Ogle
Universal
Conchologist.
Supplementary
Notes on Martyu's, by William Ilealey
lected
(Chemnitzia) montereyensis
murieatoides
495
626
On Ctenolucius
Typical Species.
20O
202
201 208
.
202
201
Vesperugo (Glischropus) tylopus

Walsingham. Lord. Descriptions of New
North American Tineid Moths, with a
Generic Table of the Family Blastobasidae
Waters of Japan. A Review of the Flatheads, Gurnards, and other Mail-cheeked
Fishes of the, by David Starr Jordan and
.
563
197
629
INDEX.
750
Page.
West American Mollusks
of
the
Genus
by lâiil Bartsch
America New Marine Mollusks from the, by Paul Bartsch
Western Borneo, Manunals coUected in, by
Dr'.W. L.Abbott, by Marcus Ward Lyon,jr.
Williamson, Edward Bruce, The Dragonflies
(Odonata) of Burma and Lower
CordulegasterSiam II. Subfamihes
inse, Chlorogomphinae, and Gomphinae.
Wilson, Charles Branch, North American
Triphoris,
West Coast
of
249
Page.
Wilson, Charles Branch, North American
Parasitic Copepod;^ New Genera and Species
177
of Caliginae
547
267
Xiphostoma hujcta
maculatum
Xiphostomas
701
214
Xystsema kapas
244
oyena
244
punctatum
244
pods belonging
to the Family
CaligidsB, A Re-
Zalises draconis
view
Zeodrius
240
Zenarchopterus dispar
philippinus
323
701
701
Xyloryctidse
Parasitic Cope-
of the
Pandarina; and
the Cecropinac.
593
240
240
163
Zonophryxus
689
Zygaena malleus
396

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Uivision OT risnm,

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

Scientific publications of the National

The proceedings, the

volume of which was issued

for the publication of original papers

based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly,

issued annually or oftener for distrilnition to

scientific establishments, and, in

more prompt dissemination

view of the importance

facts, a limited edition of

is printed in pamphlet form in advance.

contents of the volume.

The present volume is the thirty-third of this series.

Since li02 the volumes of the series

been published as Bulletins.

Bartsch, Paul. A New Fresh-water Bivalve (Corneocyclas)

species: Coriieoei/rhiti davisl.

New Marine MoUusks from

Octoljer 23, 19( )T

mia, C. pedroamt, ^fetaxia dUideiiia.

subspecies: Blttiuni {Stylidium) eschrichtl

subspecies: Planorhifi eiicosndus vaughani.

The West American Molhisks of the Genus

T. evcolj^us, T. jMxnamensia, T. dalli, T. galapagensifi, T. chatJi-

under Dall, William Healey

of Characin Fishes, with Notes on the Typical Species.

Caudell, Andrew Nelson.

On. some Earwigs (Forticuli(niatemala by Messrs. Schwarz and

New genus: Arthrcedelus.

diplatyoides, Arthnedetns harherl, Sp<i-

hreviforceps, Forficula cacaoensis.

Clark, Austin Hobart.

Recent Unstalked Crinoids from the Coasts of Northeastern

Species of Recent Unstalked

Crinoids from the North Pacific Ocean.

Inf rabasals in Recent Genera of the Crinoid Family

The Crinoid Genus Comatula Lamarck; with a Note

New name: Comaster carpenteri.

and Paul Bartsch.

October 23, 1907 ._

The Pyramidellid Mollusks of

the Oregonian Faunal Area.

cooperi, 0. (C.) asiricta, 0. (C.

subspecies: Tarbonilla {Turbonilla)

names: Turbonilla {Chemnitzia) montereyensis, Odostomia {Menestho)

Edwards, Charles Lincoln. The Holothurians of the North

List of Characin Fishes in the United States National

of Indiana University, with De-

New Species. No.

September 10, 1907'^*.

brevipes, Frochilodus beard,

piradcabse, Leporinus parx,

subspecies: Curimatun leuciscus bolivhe, Astyanax rutilns vicara-

boulengeri, Leporinus stemdachneri,

Franklin, Henry James. On a Collection of ThysanopteNo.

niger, Cryptothrips fasciapennis.