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    AQA A Level Chemistry Unit 2 Definitions

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    Muadh Chati
    Amazing and Concise notes! I have been through past papers dating back to 2001 in making these notes and have added relevant scientific detail. If you can't download them, email me: [email protected]

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    AQA A Level Chemistry Unit 2 Definitions

    Uploaded by

    Muadh Chati
    355 views2 pages
    Amazing and Concise notes! I have been through past papers dating back to 2001 in making these notes and have added relevant scientific detail. If you can't download them, email me: [email protected]

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    Amazing and Concise notes! I have been through past papers dating back to 2001 in making these notes and have added relevant scientific detail. If you can't download them, email me: [email protected]

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    355 views2 pages

    AQA A Level Chemistry Unit 2 Definitions

    Uploaded by

    Muadh Chati
    Amazing and Concise notes! I have been through past papers dating back to 2001 in making these notes and have added relevant scientific detail. If you can't download them, email me: [email protected]

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    H: Change in chemical energy under conditions of constant pressure.

    0 : Standard conditions of pressure of 1x10 Pa and stated temperature. Also,


    the standard states of reactants and products.
    Standard Enthalpy of Formation: The enthalpy change when 1 mole of a
    substance is formed from its elements with all
    reactants and products in their standard states.
    Standard State: The most stable form of a substance under standard
    conditions.
    Standard Enthalpy of combustion: The enthalpy change when 1 mole of a
    substance burns completely in oxygen with all
    reactants and products in their standard states.
    Hesss Law: The enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is independent of
    the route followed.
    Specific Heat Capacity: This is the amount, in joules, of energy required to
    raise the temperature of 1ml of water 1oc.
    H: -(4.18MassT1000)/MOLES
    Bond Enthalpy: The mean enthalpy change when 1 mole of covalent bonds is
    broken homolytically in the gaseous phase.
    Nucleophile: Electron pair donor.
    Electrophile: Electron pair acceptor.
    Reagent: Chemical/chemicals that react with an organic molecule.
    Substrate: The organic molecule that undergoes the reaction.
    Addition Reacton: An unsaturated molecule (alkene) becomes saturated.
    Elimination Reaction: Saturated (alkane) becomes unsaturated.
    Substitution Reaction: Saturated (alkane) remains saturated, condition:
    aqueous reagent.
    Base: Curly arrow begins here but goes to Hydrogen, condition: alcoholic
    reagent.
    Dynamic Equilibrium: Forwards and backwards reactions proceeding at equal
    rates with the concentration of reactants and products as
    constant.
    Le Chateliers Principle: If we change the external condition of a reaction at
    equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will move so as to
    oppose the external change.
    Compromise: 450oc temperature and 200atms pressure.
    Activation Energy (Ea): The minimum energy the colliding particles must have
    for a chemical reaction to occur.
    Most Probable Energy (Emp): This is the hump that takes place on the Maxwell
    Distribution Graph.
    Catalyst: What: A substance which speeds up a chemical reaction but remains
    chemically unchanged by the reaction.
    How: A catalyst provides an alternative reaction pathway of lower
    activation
    energy.
    Reaction Rate: Change in concentration of a substance in a unit of time.
    Reagent of Oxidating Alcohols: Acified Potassium Dichromate (orange)
    Product of Oxidating Alcohols: Cr3+ (green)-it is an oxidising agent, therefore it
    is reduced.
    Bio-Fuels: Fuel produced from biological or renewable sources.
    Carbon Neutral: No net increase to the CO2 level in the atmosphere.
    Major Product: The most stable intermediate forms more often giving the
    major product.
    Polymerisation: Reaction which turns many small molecules into long chain
    molecules.
    How isomers found in Infa-red Spectrum: Finger print region unique to all
    compounds comparison to authentic
    sample.
    Primary Alcohols: Oxidised to Aldehydes, then to Carboxylic Acid.
    Seconday Alcohols: Oxidised to Ketones.
    Reducing Agents: Gains Oxygen, Loses Electrons, Loses Hydrogen.
    Oxidising Agents: Loses of Oxygen, Gains of Electrons, Gains Hydrogen.
    Electronegativity: Ability to attract a pair of shared electrons in a covalent
    bond.
    Ores: Naturally occurring materials from which we can extract a metal
    commercially.
    Alloys: Mixture of metals.

    Stereoisomerism: Compounds with the same structural formula with bonds


    arranged differently in space.
    Structural Isomers: Have the same molecular formula but different structural
    formulae.
    Hydrolysis: Splitting C-X bonds using water
    Molecular Ion: The molecule with an electron knocked off
    Radical: An unpaired electron.
    Substitution: Replacement of the Halogen.

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