Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis: Manifestasi Klinis
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis: Manifestasi Klinis
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis: Manifestasi Klinis
Headache
Extreme tiredness
Swollen lymph nodes
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
Last updated: 1 July 2012
Symptoms: Patients diseased with the complex of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis complain
about unilateral (right or left depending on handedness) itching, tearing,burning and foreign
body sensation as well as photophobia. In case of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC),
extensive epibulbar and tarsal hemorrhagesand precervical lymph node enlargement may
manifest as early as 48 hours after the first symptoms in .>90% of patients
Sultan Qaboos University Medical JournalApril 2007 Vol 7, No. 1Sultan Qaboos University
Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis
Alexander Bialasiewicz*
Clinical features
Typically, patients initially complain of an increasingly
severe foreign body sensation in one eye, starting from
the nasal corner of the eye and spreading laterally (1).
This is followed by marked lid swelling, tearing
(epiphora), itching, photophobia, and blurred vision
(Figure 1). Similar, but usually much milder, manifestations
commonly appear in the other eye in two to
seven days. The severity of EKC ranges from subclinical
conjunctivitis to very severe disease with bacterial
superinfection (Figure 2) and with marked systemic
symptoms such as generalized weakness and pain in the
limbs. The involvement of the second eye is often so
mild as to go unnoticed (1, 3, 4). Pre-auricular
lymphadenopathy is also characteristic.
Split-lamp microscopy reveals conjunctival redness
and swelling, sometimes with pseudomembrane
formation. Swelling of the plica and caruncle is seen
to a greater or lesser degree of severity in all patients
and points to the diagnosis of EKC. Edematous lid
swelling and the associated inflammatory ptosis are
usually seen only in the primarily affected eye. The
corneal component of the disease can arise from the
fourth day onward but it can also be entirely lacking
(1). If the cornea is affected, the first sign is usually
the development of small epithelial punctatae that tend
to enlarge and then remain visible, once the acute
phase is over, as individual or confluent lesions called
nummuli. These consist of immune complexes deposited
beneath the epithelium in the anterior third of
the corneal stroma. Large nummuli can substantially
impair visual acuity (1, 3).
The acute phase heals in three to six weeks.
Nummuli can persist beyond this time, continuing to
impair visual acuity (but only in the primarily affected
eye, in most cases) by scattering light, causing irregular
astigmatism, and giving rise to photophobia. Nummuli
that impair visual acuity usually regress in few weeks
but can persist for years in rare cases (1, 3, 4, 14). For
some patients, the aftermath of EKC is marked by dryness
of the eyes that can persist for a long time and
require treatment (3).
Diagnostic evaluation
Epidemic
Keratoconjunctivitis
The Current Situation and Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment
Birthe Meyer-Rsenberg, Ulrike Loderstdt, Gisbert Richard, Paul-Michael Kaulfers,
and Caroline Gesser