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    Image Formation by Spherical Lenses: Project: OSCAR

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    ArXlan Xahir
    This document describes image formation using spherical lenses. It defines key terms like focal length and principal axis. It explains the lens equation and rules of reflection for spherical lenses. It then discusses the characteristics of images formed by convex and concave lenses depending on the object position, whether the image is real or virtual, inverted or erect, and where it forms. The document concludes by describing an interactive session where the user can select a convex or concave lens and drag the object to see how the image changes based on the object position.

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    Image Formation by Spherical Lenses: Project: OSCAR

    Uploaded by

    ArXlan Xahir
    79 views18 pages
    This document describes image formation using spherical lenses. It defines key terms like focal length and principal axis. It explains the lens equation and rules of reflection for spherical lenses. It then discusses the characteristics of images formed by convex and concave lenses depending on the object position, whether the image is real or virtual, inverted or erect, and where it forms. The document concludes by describing an interactive session where the user can select a convex or concave lens and drag the object to see how the image changes based on the object position.

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    mcat

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    Lens

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    This document describes image formation using spherical lenses. It defines key terms like focal length and principal axis. It explains the lens equation and rules of reflection for spherical lenses. It then discusses the characteristics of images formed by convex and concave lenses depending on the object position, whether the image is real or virtual, inverted or erect, and where it forms. The document concludes by describing an interactive session where the user can select a convex or concave lens and drag the object to see how the image changes based on the object position.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    79 views18 pages

    Image Formation by Spherical Lenses: Project: OSCAR

    Uploaded by

    ArXlan Xahir
    This document describes image formation using spherical lenses. It defines key terms like focal length and principal axis. It explains the lens equation and rules of reflection for spherical lenses. It then discusses the characteristics of images formed by convex and concave lenses depending on the object position, whether the image is real or virtual, inverted or erect, and where it forms. The document concludes by describing an interactive session where the user can select a convex or concave lens and drag the object to see how the image changes based on the object position.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    ImageFormationbySphericalLenses

    Project:OSCAR

    Developer:Dhanya.P

    Contents
    1.TerminologiesassociatedwithSpherical/curvedlenses.
    2.Rulesofreflectionforsphericallenses.
    3.LensEquations.
    4.Characteristicsoftheimageformedbyaconcavelens
    accordingtothepositionoftheobject.
    5.Characteristicsoftheimageformedbyaconvexlensaccording
    tothepositionoftheobject.

    6.InteractiveSession.

    VarioustermsAssociatedwithSphericalLens

    SphericalLens:Itisthesegmentofasphere,anditrefracts
    raysoflightequallyinallmeridians..
    ConcaveLens:Aconcavelenscauseslighttospreadoutor
    divergeinwhichthereflectingsurfacecurvesinward.
    ConvexLens:Aconvexlensisalensthatiscurved
    outward.Theendsarenarrowandthemiddleiswide.
    Oftenitisreferredtoasaconverginglens.Lightpassing
    throughaconvexlensisconvergedtoapoint.Thispoint
    isalsocalledafocalpoint.AConvexLenscanproduce
    eitherarealorvirtualimage.

    OpticalCentre:Theopticalcentreisdefinedasthegeometriccentre
    ofthecurvedlens.
    PrincipalAxis:Theprincipalaxisofacurvedlensisdefinedasthe
    imaginarylinepassingthroughitscentreandfocus..
    Focus:Theprincipalfocusisdefinedasthepointontheprincipalaxis
    wherethelightraystravelingparalleltotheprincipalaxisafter
    refractionactuallymeet(foraconvexlens)orappeartomeet(fora
    concavelens).

    RulesofRefractionforSphericalLenses

    1.Arayfromtheobjectparalleltotheprincipalaxisafter
    refractionpassesthroughthesecondprincipalfocusF2(in
    aconvexlens)orappearstodiverge(inaconcavelens)
    fromthefirstprincipalfocusF1.
    2.AnylightraythatpassesthroughF1(foraconvexlens)
    orappearstomeetatit(foraconcavelens)emerges
    parallelltotheprincipalaxisafterrefraction.
    3.Arayoflightpassingthroughtheopticalcentreofthe
    lens,emergeswithoutanydeviationafterrefraction.

    LensEquations
    1/f=i/u+1/v

    Magnification(M)=v/u

    fFocallengthofthemirror.
    uDistanceoftheobjectfromtheOpticalCentre.
    vDistanceoftheimagefromtheOpticalCentre.

    *fisveinthecaseofconcavelens.

    *fis+veinthecaseofaconvexlens.
    *vis+veiftheimageisarealimageandformedonthe
    rightsideoftheopticalcentreofthelens.
    *visveiftheimageisavirtualimageandformedonthe
    sideoftheobject.

    CharacteristicsoftheImageFormedbyaConcave

    LensAccordingtothePositionoftheObject
    Whentheobjectisatinfinityinthecaseofaconcavelens,

    theimageformedhasthefollowingproperties.

    1.Theimageisvirtual.
    2.TheimageisErected.
    3.TheimageisHighlydiminished.
    4.Theimageisformedattheprincipalfocus(F1)infrontofthe
    concavelens.

    WhentheobjectisbetweeninfinityandtheOptical

    CentreoftheLens,theimageformedhasthe
    followingproperties.
    1.Theimageisvirtual.
    2.Theimageiserect.
    3.Theimageisdiminished.
    4.Theimageisformedbetweentheprincipalfocus(F1)
    andtheopticalcenterofthelens.

    CharacteristicsoftheImageFormedbyaConvex
    LensAccordingtothePositionoftheObject

    Whentheobjectisplacedattheprincipalfocus(F1)in

    frontofaconvexlens,theimageformedhasthe
    followingproperties.
    1.Theimageisreal.
    2.Theimageisinverted.
    3.Theimageishighlyenlarged.
    4.Theimageisformedatinfinityontherightsideofthelens.

    Whentheobjectisplacedbetweenthecentreand

    theprincipalfocus(F1)infrontofaconvexlens,
    theimageformedhasthefollowingproperties.
    1.Theimageisvirtual.
    2.Theimageiserect.
    3.Theimageisenlarged.
    4.Theimageisformedinfrontofthelens.

    Whentheobjectisplacedbetweentheprincipalfocus(F1)

    and2F1infrontofaconvexlens,theimageformedhasthe
    followingproperties.
    1.Theimageisreal.
    2.Theimageisinverted.
    3.Theimageisenlarged.
    4.Theimageisformedbeyondthe2F2ontherightsideofthelens.

    Whentheobjectisplacedatthe2F1infrontofaconvex

    lens,theimageformedhasthefollowingproperties.

    1.Theimageisreal.
    2.Theimageisinverted.
    3.Theimageisofthesamesizeastheobject.
    4.Theimageisformedatthe2F2ontherightsideofthelens.

    WhentheobjectisplacedatInfinity,theImageformedinthe
    caseofaconvexlenshasthefollowingproperties.
    1.Theimageisreal.
    2.Theimageisinverted.
    3.Highlydiminished.
    4.TheimageisformedatF2ontherightsideofthelens.

    InteractiveSession
    Therewillbeawindowhavingtworadiobuttonsnamed'
    ConcaveLens'and'ConvexLens'.Usercanclickanyofthem.
    Whileclickingonthe'ConcaveLens'button,aconcavelens,object
    anditsimagewillbedisplayedinthewindow.(Thisisshownin
    slide25)
    Usercanchangethepositionoftheobjectalongtheprincipalaxis
    ofthelensbyclickingthebottomoftheobjectanddraggingthe
    mousealongtheprincipalaxis.andcanseehowtheimageis
    formedaccordingly.Theconditionsthatonecandistinguishinthe
    caseofaconvexmirrorare
    1.Objectbetweeninfinityand2F1
    2.Objectat2F1
    3.Objectbetween2F1andF1
    4.ObjectatF1
    5.ObjectbetweenF1andO

    Iftheuserclicksonthe'ConcaveLens'button,

    thenaconcavelens,andobjectanditsimagewillbeshown.
    TheimageisformedbetweenF1andOwhentheobjectis
    placedanywherebetweeninfinityand2F1inthecaseofa
    concavelens.

    (Clicked)

    ConcaveLens

    ConvexLens

    Object

    |
    2F1

    |
    F1

    Image

    |
    P

    |
    F2

    |
    2F2

    WhenConvexLensisselected

    Object

    2F1

    F1

    F2

    2F2
    Image

    THEEND

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