Subject-Verb Agreement

Basic Principle: Singular subjects need singular verbs; plural subjects need plural verbs.
My brother is a nutritionist. My sisters are mathematicians.
See the section on Plurals for additional help with subject-verb agreement.
The indefinite pronouns anyone, everyone, someone, no one, nobody are always singular
and, therefore, require singular verbs.

Everyone has done his or her homework.

Somebody has left her purse.

Some indefinite pronouns such as all, some are singular or plural depending on what
they're referring to. (Is the thing referred to countable or not?) Be careful choosing a verb to
accompany such pronouns.

Some of the beads are missing.

Some of the water is gone.

On the other hand, there is one indefinite pronoun, none, that can be either singular or
plural; it often doesn't matter whether you use a singular or a plural verb unless
something else in the sentence determines its number. (Writers generally think of none as
meaning not any and will choose a plural verb, as in "None of the engines are working," but
when something else makes us regard none as meaning not one, we want a singular verb,
as in "None of the food is fresh.")

None of you claims responsibility for this incident?

None of you claim responsibility for this incident?

None of the students have done their homework. (In this last example, the
word their precludes the use of the singular verb.

Some indefinite pronouns are particularly troublesome Everyone and everybody

students are sometimes tempted to use a plural verb with them. They are always singular,
though. Each is often followed by a prepositional phrase ending in a plural word (Each of the
cars), thus confusing the verb choice. Each, too, is always singular and requires a singular
verb.
Everyone has finished his or her homework.
You would always say, "Everybody is here." This means that the word is singular and nothing
will change that.
Each of the students is responsible for doing his or her work in the library.
Don't let the word "students" confuse you; the subject is each and each is always singular
Each is responsible.
Phrases such as together with, as well as, and along with are not the same as and. The
phrase introduced by as well as or along with will modify the earlier word (mayor in this
case), but it does not compound the subjects (as the word and would do).

The mayor as well as his brothers is going to prison.

The mayor and his brothers are going to jail.

The pronouns neither and either are singular and require singular verbs even though they
seem to be referring, in a sense, to two things.

Neither of the two traffic lights is working.

Which shirt do you want for Christmas?

In informal writing, neither and either sometimes take a plural verb when these pronouns
are followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with of. This is particularly true of
interrogative constructions: "Have either of you two clowns read the assignment?" "Are
either of you taking this seriously?" Burchfield calls this "a clash between notional and actual
agreement."*
The conjunction or does not conjoin (as and does): when nor or or is used the subject closer
to the verb determines the number of the verb. Whether the subject comes before or after
the verb doesn't matter; the proximity determines the number.

Either my father or my brothers are going to sell the house.

Neither my brothers nor my father is going to sell the house.

Are either my brothers or my father responsible?

Is either my father or my brothers responsible?

Because a sentence like "Neither my brothers nor my father is going to sell the house"
sounds peculiar, it is probably a good idea to put the plural subject closer to the verb
whenever that is possible.
The words there and here are never subjects.

There are two reasons [plural subject] for this.

There is no reason for this.

Here are two apples.

With these constructions (called expletive constructions), the subject follows the verb but
still determines the number of the verb.
Verbs in the present tense for third-person, singular subjects (he, she, it and anything those
words can stand for) have s-endings. Other verbs do not add s-endings.
He loves and she loves and they love_ and . . . .
Sometimes modifiers will get betwen a subject and its verb, but these modifiers must not
confuse the agreement between the subject and its verb.
The mayor, who has been convicted along with his four brothers on four
counts of various crimes but who also seems, like a cat, to have several
political lives, is finally going to jail.
Sometimes nouns take weird forms and can fool us into thinking they're plural when they're
really singular and vice-versa. Consult the section on the Plural Forms of Nouns and the
section on Collective Nouns for additional help. Words such as glasses, pants, pliers, and
scissors are regarded as plural (and require plural verbs) unless they're preceded the phrase
pair of (in which case the word pair becomes the subject).

My glasses were on the bed.

My pants were torn.

A pair of plaid trousers is in the closet.

Some words end in -s and appear to be plural but are really singular and require singular
verbs.

The news from the front is bad.

Measles is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.

On the other hand, some words ending in -s refer to a single thing but are nonetheless plural
and require a plural verb.

My assets were wiped out in the depression.

The average worker's earnings have gone up dramatically.

Our thanks go to the workers who supported the union.

The names of sports teams that do not end in "s" will take a plural verb: the Miami Heat
have been looking , The Connecticut Sun are hoping that new talent . See the section
on plurals for help with this problem.
Fractional expressions such as half of, a part of, a percentage of, a majority of are
sometimes singular and sometimes plural, depending on the meaning. (The same is true, of
course, when all, any, more, most and some act as subjects.) Sums and products of
mathematical processes are expressed as singular and require singular verbs. The
expression "more than one" (oddly enough) takes a singular verb: "More than one student
has tried this."

Some of the voters are still angry.

A large percentage of the older population is voting against her.

Two-fifths of the troops were lost in the battle.

Two-fifths of the vineyard was destroyed by fire.

Forty percent of the students are in favor of changing the policy.

Forty percent of the student body is in favor of changing the policy.

Two and two is four.

Four times four divided by two is eight.

If your sentence compounds a positive and a negative subject and one is plural, the other
singular, the verb should agree with the positive subject.

The department members but not the chair have decided not to
teach on Valentine's Day.

It is not the faculty members but the president who decides this

issue.

It was the speaker, not his ideas, that has provoked the students to riot.