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    Methods of Preparing Salts

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    Mahmoud Elsaied Solyman
    The document discusses methods for preparing soluble and insoluble salts. For soluble salts, acids and bases can be mixed directly or titrated with an indicator. For insoluble salts from metals and bases, the acid is neutralized by adding the base until no more dissolves, then filtering off the unreacted base. Precipitates of insoluble salts are formed by mixing solutions containing the ions and filtering to separate the solid. Hydrated salts are made by concentrating solutions and crystallizing, while anhydrous salts are made by evaporating all water.

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    Methods of Preparing Salts

    Uploaded by

    Mahmoud Elsaied Solyman
    30 views6 pages
    The document discusses methods for preparing soluble and insoluble salts. For soluble salts, acids and bases can be mixed directly or titrated with an indicator. For insoluble salts from metals and bases, the acid is neutralized by adding the base until no more dissolves, then filtering off the unreacted base. Precipitates of insoluble salts are formed by mixing solutions containing the ions and filtering to separate the solid. Hydrated salts are made by concentrating solutions and crystallizing, while anhydrous salts are made by evaporating all water.

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    The document discusses methods for preparing soluble and insoluble salts. For soluble salts, acids and bases can be mixed directly or titrated with an indicator. For insoluble salts from metals and bases, the acid is neutralized by adding the base until no more dissolves, then filtering off the unreacted base. Precipitates of insoluble salts are formed by mixing solutions containing the ions and filtering to separate the solid. Hydrated salts are made by concentrating solutions and crystallizing, while anhydrous salts are made by evaporating all water.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views6 pages

    Methods of Preparing Salts

    Uploaded by

    Mahmoud Elsaied Solyman
    The document discusses methods for preparing soluble and insoluble salts. For soluble salts, acids and bases can be mixed directly or titrated with an indicator. For insoluble salts from metals and bases, the acid is neutralized by adding the base until no more dissolves, then filtering off the unreacted base. Precipitates of insoluble salts are formed by mixing solutions containing the ions and filtering to separate the solid. Hydrated salts are made by concentrating solutions and crystallizing, while anhydrous salts are made by evaporating all water.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 6

    SALTS ASSUME SALTS ARE SOLUBLE AND LEARN THE EXCEPTIONS

    The common salts are chlorides, sulphates and nitrates.


    ALL sodium and potassium salts are soluble.
    ALL ammonium salts are soluble.
    ALL nitrates are soluble.
    ALL chlorides/halides are soluble except silver and lead (PbCl2 dissolves in hot water)
    ALL sulphates are soluble except barium, lead and calcium (although calcium sulphate is very sparingly soluble rather borderline!)

    Dr. Mohammad Salleh Abid

    Page 1

    Methods of Preparing Salts


    Soluble salts
    Salts from soluble metals and bases
    (sodium, potassium and ammonium)

    Titration method using an


    indicator
    Measure a known volume of acid into a
    flask or beaker.
    Add a suitable indicator.
    Add alkali a little at a time from a
    burette until the indicator just
    changes colour.
    Note the volume of alkali used.

    Mix the known volumes of acid and alkali


    BUT with NO indicator
    (indicator would make the salt impure)

    Salts from insoluble metals and bases


    (magnesium, copper, zinc)

    Measure out some of the appropriate acid into


    a beaker.
    Add the solid base (metal oxide, metal
    hydroxide or metal carbonate) a little at a time
    until no more will dissolve. (This tells you
    that all the acid has been neutralised)
    Warm if necessary to speed up the reaction

    Filter the mixture to remove the unreacted


    base.
    Collect the filtrate (solution of the desired salt)

    HYDRATED ---Concentrate the solution by heating over a Bunsen, tripod and gauze or over
    a hot water bath to evaporate some water and make the solution saturated.
    Allow it to cool and crystallise slowly at room temperature forms Crystal with water of
    crystallisation
    ANHYDROUS --Evaporate all the water to get dry, anhydrous powder instead of
    crystals

    Dr. Mohammad Salleh Abid

    Insoluble salts
    e.g. Barium Sulphate

    Take samples of solutions of two


    compounds each containing one of
    the halves (ions) in the required salt
    and
    Mix together(two soluble salts)
    e.g. Barium nitrate Ba2+ and
    potassium sulphate SO42-

    Filter the mixture to separate the solid


    precipitate of the required salt from the
    solution. The precipitate is the residue in
    the filter paper

    Wash the solid with distilled water to


    remove any traces of the other substance
    left in solution.
    (Dry )Spread the filter paper out to allow the
    solid to dry, either in the open lab. or in a
    warm oven

    Page 2

    Dr. Mohammad Salleh Abid

    Page 3

    Dr. Mohammad Salleh Abid

    Page 4

    Dr. Mohammad Salleh Abid

    Page 5

    Dr. Mohammad Salleh Abid

    Page 6

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