NTTF Press Tool Standards Ebook General
NTTF Press Tool Standards Ebook General
NTTF Press Tool Standards Ebook General
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S.No
NTTF Company Name Press No NUMBER SYSTEM H1 H2 G4 G2 Godrej GE1-40-IG-51B Godrej
GE1-40-I-C5 Godrej FBI-63-S-1008/C Godrej GE1-63-IG-421-A GodrejGE1 100 N16 FC
691 HMT V-100OBPRE SG Godrej GE1-100-IGFC191/E Godrej EB1-100-S-1013 SEYI SN 1-1
00 HMT P160 OBPR Godrej GE1-160-NIGFCFB-784/C SEYI SN 2-250
Capacity(tons)
Shut Ht(mm) 280 355 420 315 400 400 355 490 350 500 425 450
Stroke Stroke/min Ram (mm) Adjustment(mm) 8-80 8-80 125 8-100 15-125 8-125 8-125
160 180 160 25-160 180 50 100 65 50 45 40 40 50 35-65 35 40 30-50 63 63 70 63 9
0 80 80 80 90 125 100 120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
40 40 63 63 100 100 100 100 110 160 160 250
F1 F2 F4 E1 E2
PRESS TOOL MATERIALS:
COMPONENT
1) Bottom pate 2) Top plate 3) Parallel block 4) Punch plate (Punch Holder) 5) S
hank 6) Guide Pillar/ Guide Bush C-Clamps Or L-Clamps 7) Die 8) Punch
MATERIAL
MS MS MS MS MS (STD) MS K100, D2=K110 K100, D2=K110
COMPONENT
8) Pilot 9) End stopper 10) Finger stopper 11) Box stripper 12) Traveling stripp
er 13) Strip guides 14) Punch back plate 15) Guide pillar/Guide bush 16) Spacer
sleeve/Washer
MATERIAL
K100, D2=K110 K720 K720, OHNS, EN31 K720 K720 K720 K720, EN8 E230 E230
PRESS DETAILS
PRESS
40 (1) S [52452] 40 (2) S 63 (1) S 63 (2)* S 63 (3) S 63 (4) 63 (5) 100 (1)* S [
BRACKET II STAGE] [52450, 52457, 52697] 100 (2) S 100 (3) 100 (4)* 160 (1)* [524
49, 52696] 160 (2) 315*
*- WITH DIE-CUSHION
SHUT HEIGHT (mm)
200 240 225 225 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 370
STROKE (mm)
75 75 60 60 90 125 125 125 100 160 160 160 125 140
PLATE THICKNESS TO BE CONSIDERED
COMPONENT
TOP PLATE BACK PLATE PUNCH HOLDER STRIPPER PLATE STRIPPER INSERT DIE PLATE - AIS
I BOTTOM PLATE PARALLEL BLOCKS PIERCING PUNCH SHANK STRIP GUIDE SETTING BLOCK GU
IDE PILLAR GUIDE BUSH
MATERIAL
MS EN31 EN8 EN8 EN31 D2 MS MS AISI-D2 EN8 D2 EN8 EN36 D2
THICKENSS
36,46,56,66 12 (HRC 52-56) 22 (SOFT) 22,32 (SOFT) 16 (HRC 54-56) 26,32,36,40 (HR
C 58-60) 36,46,56,66 36,46,56,66 60,70,80 (HRC 58-60) (SOFT) (HRC 52-56) (HRC 45
-50) (SOFT) (HRC 60-62) (HRC 52-56)
SHANK
SHANK TYPE - 2
GUIDE PILLAR
GUIDE BUSH
FINGER STOP
SETTING BLOCK -1
SETTING BLOCK -2
RUN STOPPER
RUN STOPPER
DIE BUTTON
DRAWS
NUMBER OF DRAWS
DRAW CLERANCE
BEND
PUR SPRING
PUR SPRING
COMPRESSION SPRING
COMPRESSION SPRING
EYE BOLT
C / SK SCREWS STDS
C / SK HOLES
A
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B
B
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNBRAKO Socket Screw Products (Metric) Page Metric Standards. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Socket Head Cap Screws. . . . . . . Standards Al
loy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Low H
eads Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Flat Head Socket Screws . . . . . . Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Button Head Socket Screws
. . . . Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Shoulder Screws . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alloy Stee
l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 42 Dowel Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standards Alloy Steel. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Socket Set Screw
s . . . . . . . . . . . . Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Low Head Cap Screws . . . . . . . .
. Low Heads Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 46 Hex Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alloy Steel . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 ISO
Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Conversion C
hart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
35
A WARNING TO METRIC FASTENER USERS Metric socket cap screws are NOT sold in a si
ngle strength level like U.S. inch socket screws.
Property Class
General Material International Standards Organization, ISO
Strength Level, UTS min. MPa (KSI)
Property Class 8.8 Property Class 10.9 Property Class 12.9 USA Standards ASTM A5
74M Unbrako Standards ASTM A574M
Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Alloy Steel
800 (116) < M16 830 (120) M16 1040 (151) 1220 (177)
Alloy Steel
1220 (177)
Alloy Steel
1300 (189) M16 1250 (181) > M16
STANDARDS The use of metric fasteners in the worldwide market has led to the cre
ation of many standards. These standards specify the fastener requirements: dime
nsions, material, strength levels, inspection, etc. Different standards are the
responsibility of various organizations and are not always identical. Unbrako su
pplies metric fasteners for maximum interchangeability with all standards. This
Engineering Guide was published with the most current values, which are however
subject to change by any standards organization at any time.
37
0.3 0.4 0.
nominal screw length Up to 16 mm, incl. Over 16 to 50 mm, incl. Over 50 to 120 m
m, incl. Over 120 to 200 mm, incl. Over 200 mm
DIMENSIONS
thread size nom. M1.6 M2 M2.5 M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 *(M14) M16 M20 M24 *M30 *M3
6 *M42 *M48 A pitch 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.5 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0
3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 max. 3.0 3.8 4.5 5.5 7.0 8.5 10.0 13.0 16.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 30.0
36.0 45.0 54.0 63.0 72.0 D max. 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
16.0 20.0 24.0 30.0 36.0 42.0 48.0 H max. 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 1
2.0 14.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 30.0 36.0 42.0 48.0 J nom. 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6
.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 17.0 19.0 22.0 27.0 32.0 36.0 G min. 0.54 0.68 0.85 1.02 1
.52 1.90 2.28 3.2 4.0 4.8 5.6 6.4 8.0 9.6 12.0 14.4 16.8 19.2 T min. 0.80 1.0 1.
25 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
UTS min. MPa 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1300 1250 12
50 1250 1250 1250 1250 tensile strength min. kN 1.65 2.69 4.41 6.54 11.4 18.5 26
.1 47.6 75.4 110 150 204 306 441 701 1020 1400 1840 lbs. 370 605 990 1,470 2,560
4,160 5,870 10,700 17,000 24,700 33,700 45,900 68,800 99,100 158,000 single she
ar strength of body min. kN 1.57 2.45 3.83 5.5 9.8 15.3 22.05 39.2 61 88 120 157
235.5 339 530 lbs. 352.5 550 860 1240 2,205 3,445 4,960 8,800 13,750 19,850 27,
000 35,250
APPLICATION DATA
recommended ** seating torque plain finish N-m 0.29 0.60 1.21 2.1 4.6 9.5 16 39
77 135 215 330 in-lbs. 2.6 5.3 11 19 41 85 140 350 680 1,200 1,900 2,900 5,750 9
,700 19,900 34,100 55,580 75,800
53,000 650 76,500 1100 119,000 2250 171,500 3850 233,500 6270 305,000 8560
229,000 756 315,000 1040 413,000 1355
All dimensions in millimeters. Sizes in brackets not preferred for new designs.
*Non-stock diameter. **Torque calculated in accordance with VDI 2230, Systematic
Calculation of High Duty Bolted Joints, to induce approximately 800 MPa stress in
screw threads. Torque values listed are for plain screws. (See Note, page 1.)
38
39
42
0 0 0 0 0.006 0.014 0.040 0.060 0 0 0 0 0.006 0.014 0.040 0.060 0 0 0 0 0.008 0.018
075 0 0 0 0 0.009 0.022 0.058 0.090 0 0 0 0 0.011 0.027 0.070 0.110 0 0 0 0 0.030 0
84 0.130
0 0.25 0 0.30 0 0.36 0 0.43 0 0.52 0 0.62 0 0.74 0 0.87
0 0.40 0 0.48 0 0.58 0 0.70 0 0.84 0 1.00 0 1.20 0 1.40
0 0.125 0.20 0.30 0.60 0 0.15 0.24 0.375 0.75 0 0.18 0.29 0.90 0 0.215 0.35 1.1
0 0 0.31 0.50 1.60 0 0.37 0.60 1.90 0 0.435 0.70 2.20 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.80 0.95
+0.002 +0.010 +0.0014 +0.025 +0.060 +0.14 +0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0.50 +0.002 +0.010 +0.
014 +0.025 +0.060 +0.14 +0.008 0 0 0 0 0 0.60 +0.004 +0.012 +0.018 +0.030 +0.075
+0.18 +0.012 0 0 0 0 0 .075 +0.006 +0.015 +0.022 +0.036 +0.090 +0.22 +0.0015 0 0
0 0 0 0.90 +0.007 +0.018 +0.027 +0.043 +0.110 +0.27 +0.018 0 0 0 0 0 1.05 +0.008 +
0.021 +0.033 +0.052 +0.130 +0.33 +0.021 0 0 0 0 0 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.30 2.60
5 +0.39 0 +0.46 0 +0.54 0
2.85
0.65 1.05
1.60
0.70 1.15
0.775 1.25
1.80 2.00
ISO TOLERANCES
Tolerances for Metric Fasteners The tolerances in the tables below are derived f
rom ISO standard: ISO 4759 The tables show tolerances on the most common metric
fasteners. However, occasionally some slight modifications are made.
Item
DIN
Item
DIN 913 914 916
912
7991
915 966
Notes Product grade A applies to sizes up to M24 and length not exceeding 10 x d
iameter or 150 mm, whatever is shorter. Product grade B applies to the sizes abo
ve M24 and all sizes with lengths, greater than 10 x diameter or 150 mm, whichev
er is shorter.
Feature Hexagon Sockets s 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 >14 Tolerance
* EF8 JS9 K9 D9 D10 D11 D10 D11 E11 **
*Tolerance zones for socket set screws **Tolerance zones for socket head cap scr
ews Note: For S 0.7 to 1.3 the actual allowance in the product standards has bee
n slightly modified for technical reasons.
E11
E12
D12
49
CONVERSION CHART
SI UNITS & CONVERSIONS FOR CHARACTERISTICS OF MECHANICAL FASTENERS conversion pr
operty length unit meter centimeter millimeter kilogram gram tonne (megagram) ki
logram per cubic meter deg. Celsius square meter square millimeter cubic meter c
ubic centimeter cubic millimeter newton kilonewton meganewton megapascal newtons
/sq.m newton-meter symbol m cm mm kg g t kg/m3 C m2 mm2 m3 cm3 mm3 N kN MN MPa N/
m2 Nm from inch inch foot once pound ton (2000 lb) pounds per cu. ft. deg. Fahr.
sq. in. sq. ft. cu. in. cu.ft. cu. yd. ounce (Force) pound (Force) Kip pound/in2
(psi) Kip/in2 (ksi) inch-ounce inch-pound foot-pound to mm cm mm g kg kg kg/m C
mm2 m2 mm3 m3 m3 N kN MN MPa MPa N-m N-m N-m multiply by 25.4 2.54 304.8 28.35 .
4536 907.2 16.02 (F 32) x 5/9 645.2 .0929 16387 .02832 .7645 .278 .00445 .00445 .
0069 6.895 .00706 .113 1.356 approximate equivalent 25mm = 1 in. 300mm = 1ft. 1m
= 39.37 in. 28g = 1 oz. 1kg = 2.2 lb. = 35 oz. 1t = 2200 lbs. 16kg/m = 1 lb/ft.
3 0C = 32F 100C = 212F 645mm2 = 1 in.2 1m2 = 11 ft.2 16400mm3 = 1 in.3 1m3 = 35 ft.3
1m3 = 1.3 yd.3 1N = 3.6 ozf 4.4N = 1 lbf 1kN = 225 lbf 1MPa = 145 psi 7MPa = 1
ksi 1Nm = 140 in. oz. 1Nm = 9 in. lb. 1Nm = .75 ft. lb. 1.4 Nm = 1 ft. lb.
mass
density temperature area volume
force
stress torque
50
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Technical Section Page Screw Fastener Theory and Application . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Join
t Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 The Torque-Ten
sion Relationship. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Stripping Strength of Tapped Holes .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 64 High-Temperature Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68 Corrosion In Threaded Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Impact Performance
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Product Engineering Bulletin . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Metric Threads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 80 Through-Hole Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
82 Drill and Counterbore Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Hardness-Tensi
le Conversion Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Thread Stress Area . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Optional Part Numbering System. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 thru 8
9
IMPORTANT
The technical discussions represent typical applications only. The use of the in
formation is at the sole discretion of the reader. Because applications vary eno
rmously, UNBRAKO does not warrant the scenarios described are appropriate for an
y specific application. The reader must consider all variables prior to using th
is information.
51
INSTALLATION CONTROL
Several factors should be considered in designing a joint or selecting a fastene
r for a particular application.
Single Shear
JOINT DESIGN AND FASTENER SELECTION.
Joint Length The longer the joint length, the greater the total elongation will
occur in the bolt to produce the desired clamp load or preload. In design, if th
e joint length is increased, the potential loss of preload is decreased. Joint M
aterial If the joint material is relatively stiff compared to the bolt material,
it will compress less and therefore provide a less sensitive joint, less sensit
ive to loss of preload as a result of brinelling, relaxation and even loosening.
Thread Stripping Strength Considering the material in which the threads will be
tapped or the nut used, there must be sufficient engagement length to carry the
load. Ideally, the length of thread engagement should be sufficient to break th
e fastener in tension. When a nut is used, the wall thickness of the nut as well
as its length must be considered. An estimate, a calculation or joint evaluatio
n will be required to determine the tension loads to which the bolt and joint wi
ll be exposed. The size bolt and the number necessary to carry the load expected
, along with the safety factor, must also be selected. The safety factor selecte
d will have to take into consideration the consequence of failure as well as the
additional holes and fasteners. Safety factors, therefore, have to be determine
d by the designer. Double Shear
OTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Application Temperature For elevated temperature, standard alloy steels are usef
ul to about 550F600F. However, if plating is used, the maximum temperature may be l
ess (eg. cadmium should not be used over 450F. Austenitic stainless steels (300 S
eries) may be useful to 800F. They can maintain strength above 800F but will begin
to oxidize on the surface. Corrosion Environment A plating may be selected for
mild atmospheres or salts. If plating is unsatisfactory, a corrosion resistant f
astener may be specified. The proper selection will be based upon the severity o
f the corrosive environment.
FATIGUE STRENGTH
S/N Curve Most comparative fatigue testing and specification fatigue test requir
ements are plotted on an S/N curve. In this curve, the test stress is shown on t
he ordinate (y-axis) and the number of cycles is shown on the abscissa (x-axis)
in a lograthmic scale. On this type curve, the high load to low load ratio must
be shown. This is usually R =.1, which means the low load in all tests will be 1
0% of the high load.
Typical Unbrako Socket Head Cap Screws S-N Curve for Finite Fatigue Life Curve r
epresents 90% probability of survival 100,000 90,000 80,000 Maximum Stress (psi)
70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 104
SHEAR APPLICATIONS
Shear Strength of Material Not all applications apply a tensile load to the fast
ener. In many cases, the load is perpendicular to the fastener in shear. Shear l
oading may be single, double or multiple loading. There is a relationship betwee
n the tensile strength of a material and its shear strength. For alloy steel, th
e shear strength is 60% of its tensile strength. Corrosion resistant steels (e.g
. 300-Series stainless steels) have a lower tensile/shear relationship and it is
usually 50-55% Single/Double Shear Single shear strength is exactly one-half th
e double shear value. Shear strength listed in pounds per square inch (psi) is t
he shear load in pounds multiplied by the cross sectional area in square inches.
SPS
R=0.1
METHODS OF PRELOADING
Elongation The modulus for steel of 30,000,000 (thirty million) psi means that a
fastener will elongate .001 in/in of length for every 30,000 psi in applied str
ess. Therefore, if 90,000 psi is the desired preload, the bolt must be stretched
.003 inches for every inch of length in the joint. This method of preloading is
very accurate but it requires that the ends of the bolts be properly prepared a
nd also that all measurements be very carefully made. In addition, direct measur
ements are only possible where both ends of the fastener are available for measu
rement after installation. Other methods of measuring length changes are ultraso
nic, strain gages and turn of the nut. Torque By far, the most popular method of
preloading is by torque. Fastener manufacturers usually have recommended seatin
g torques for each size and material fastener. The only requirement is the prope
r size torque wrench, a conscientious operator and the proper torque requirement
.
If these interfaces are lubricated (cadmium plate, molybdenum disulfide, anti-se
ize compounds, etc.), the friction is reduced and thus greater preload is produc
ed with the same torque. The change in the coefficient of friction for different
conditions can have a very significant effect on the slope of the torque tensio
n curve. If this is not taken into consideration, the proper torque specified fo
r a plain unlubricated bolt may be sufficient to yield or break a lubricated fas
tener. Thread Pitch The thread pitch must be considered when a given stress is t
o be applied, since the cross-sectional area used for stress calculations is the
thread tensile stress area and is different for coarse and fine threads. The to
rque recommendations, therefore, are slightly higher for fine threads than for c
oarse threads to achieve the same stress. Differences between coarse and fine th
reads. Coarse Threads are more readily available in industrial fasteners. easier
to assemble because of larger helix angle. require fewer turns and reduce cross
threading. higher thread stripping strength per given length. less critical of t
ap drill size. not as easily damaged in handling. 53
tion is the addition of carbon to the surface which increases hardness. It can o
ccur if heat treat furnace atmospheres are not adequately controlled. Decarburiz
ation is the loss of carbon from the surface, making it softer. Partial decarbur
ization is preferable to carburization, and most industrial standards allow it w
ithin limits. In summary, in order to prevent service failures, many things must
be considered: The Application Requirements Strength Needed Safety Factors Tens
ion/Shear/Fatigue Temperature Corrosion Proper Preload The Fastener Requirements
Material Fabrication Controls Performance Evaluations
55
oad must then be appied to the bot. If the externa oad is aternating, the
increased stress eves on the bot produce a greaty shortened fatigue ife. Wh
en seating requires a certain minimum force or when transverse oads are to be t
ransformed by friction, the minimum camping oad FJ min is important. FJ min =
FB max Fe
Fig. 1 (above) Joint components
Fig. 2 Joint diagram is obtained by combining oad vs. deformation diagrams of b
ot and joints. Fig. 3 The compete simpe joint diagrams show externa oad Fe
added (A), and externa oad divided into an additiona bot oad FeB and reduct
ion in joint compression FeJ (B). Joint diagram (C) shows how insufficient preo
ad Fi causes excessive additiona bot oad FeB.
56
JOINT DIAGRAMS
Spring Constants To construct a joint diagram, it is necessary to determine the
spring rates of both bot and joint. In genera, spring rate is defined as: K= F
l From Hooks law: l = lF EA Therefore: K = EA l To calculate the spring rate of bo
lts with different cross sections, the reciprocal spring rates, or compliances,
of each section are added: 1 KB = 1 K1 1 E + 1 K2 + .... + 1 Kn When the outside
diameter of the joint is smaller than or equal to the bolt head diameter, i.e.,
as in a thin bushing, the normal cross sectioned area is computed: As = (Dc2 Dh2
) 4 where Dc = OD of cylinder or bushing and Dh = hole diameter When the outside
diameter of the joint is larger than head or washer diameter DH, the stress dis
tribution is in the shae of a barrel, Fig 5. A series of investigations roved
that the areas of the following substitute cylinders are close aroximations fo
r calculating the sring contents of concentrically loaded joints. When the join
t diameter DJ is greater than DH but less than 3DH;
Thus, for the bolt shown in Fig. 4: 1 = KB where d = the minor thread diameter a
nd Am = the area of the minor thread diameter This formula considers the elastic
deformation of the head and the engaged thread with a length of 0.4d each. Calc
ulation of the sring rate of the comressed joint members is more difficult bec
ause it is not always obvious which arts of the joint are deformed and which ar
e not. In general, the sring rate of a clamed art is: KJ = EAS lJ where As is
the area of a substitute cylinder to be determined.
60 80 -40 -35 40
(
0.4d + l1 + l2 + l3 + 0.4d A1 A1 A2 Am Am
)
0 20 -20 -40 -60
100
-30
-25
100 -25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0.4d I1
-30
-35 -40
I2
d
Ij
As = (DH2 Dh2) 4 + 8
Effect of Loading Planes DHlJ l2 + J 5 100
(
DJ 1 DH
)(
)
When the joint diameter DJ is equal to or greater than 3DH: As = [(DH + 0.1 lJ)2
Dh2] 4 These formulae have been verified in laboratories by finite element meth
od and by exeriments. Fig. 6 shows joint diagrams for sringy bolt and stiff jo
int and for a stiff bolt and sringy joint. These diagrams demonstrate the desir
ability of designing with sringy bolt and a stiff joint to obtain a low additio
nal bolt load FeB and thus a low alternating stress. The Force Ratio Due to the
geometry of the joint diagram, Fig. 7, Fe KB FeB = KB + KJ KB Defining = KB + KJ
eB = e and , called the orce Ratio, = eB e or complete derivation of , see
ig. 7. To assure adequate fatigue strength of the selected fastener the fatigue
stress amplitude of the bolt resulting from an external load e is computed as
follows: B = FeB/2 or Am e B = 2 Am
The joint diagram in Fig 3, 6 and 7 i applicable only when the external load Fe
i applied at the ame loading plane a the preloaded Fi, under the bolt head
and the nut. However, thi i a rare cae, becaue the external load uually aff
ect the joint omewhere between the center of the joint and the head and the nu
t. When a preloaded joint i ubjected to an external load Fe at loading plane
2 and 3 in Fig. 8, Fe relieve the compreion load of the joint part between p
lane 2 and 3. The remainder of the ytem, the bolt and the joint part between
plane 1-2 and 3-4, feel additional load due to Fe applied plane 2 and 3, the
joint material between plane 2 and 3 i the clamped part and all other joint me
mber, fatener and remaining joint material, are clamping part. Becaue of the
location of the loading plane, the joint diagram change from black line to th
e blue line. Conequently, both the additional bolt load FB max decreae ignifi
cantly when the loading plane of Fe hift from under the bolt head and nut towa
rd the joint center. Determination of the length of the clamped part i, howeve
r, not that imple. Firt, it i aumed that the external load i applied at a
plane perpendicular to the bolt axi. Second, the ditance of the loading plane
from each other ha to be etimated. Thi ditance may be expreed a the rati
o of the length of clamped part to the total joint length. Fig. 9 how the eff
ect of two different loading plane on the bolt load, both joint having the am
e preload Fi and the ame external load Fe . The length of the clamped part ar
e etimated to be 0.75lJ for joint A, and 0.25lJ for joint B. In general, the ex
ternal bolt load i omewhere between FeB = 1e for loading planes under head and
nut and eB = 0e = 0 when loading planes are in the joint center, as shown in
ig. 10. To consider the loading planes in calculations, the formula:
e 2
e 2
e 2
e 2
e 2
e 2
e 2
e 2
ig. 6 Joint diagram of a springy bolt in a stiff joint (A), is compared to a di
agram of a stiff bolt in a springy joint (B). Preload i and external load e ar
e the same but diagrams show that alternating bolt stresses are significantly lo
wer with a spring bolt in a stiff joint. 58
JOINT DIAGRAMS
e 2 e 2
1 2
nlj 3 4 e 2 e 2
Ij
e
B
e
e
ig. 9 When externa oad is appied reativey near ot head, joint diagram sh
ows resuting aternating stress B (A). When sme vue extern od is ppied
retivey ner joint center, ower ternting stress resuts (B). 59
F1
F1
Fig. 10 Force digrms show the effect of the oding pnes of the extern o
d on the ot od.
Fig. 11 Modified joint digrm shows noniner compression of joint t ow preo
ds.
60
JOINT DIAGRAMS
FeB = e must e modified to : eB = n e where n equas the ratio of the ength
of the camped parts due to e to the joint ength j. The vaue of n can range
from 1, when e is appied under the head and nut, to O, when e is appies at
the joint center. Consequenty the stress ampitude: B = e ecomes 2 Am B = n e
2 Am Genera Design ormuae Hitherto, construction of the joint diagram has ass
umed inear resiience of oth ot and joint memers. However, recent investiga
tions have shown that this assumption is not quite true for compressed parts. Ta
king these investigations into account, the joint diagram is modified to ig. 11
. The ower portion of the joint spring rate is noninear, and the ength of the
inear portion depends on the preoad eve i. The higher i the onger the i
near portion. By choosing a sufficienty high minimum oad, min>2e, the non-i
near range of the joint spring rate is avoided and a inear reationship etween
eB and e is maintained. Aso from ig. 11 this formua is derived: i min =
J min + ( 1 ) e + Fi where Fi is the amount of preload loss to be expected. For a
properly designed joint, a preload loss Fi = (0.005 to 0.10) Fi should be expecte
d. The fluctuation in bolt load that results from tightening is expressed by the
ratio: a = Fi max Fi min where a varies between 1.25 and 3.0 depending on the t
ightening method. Considering a the general design formulae are: Fi nom = FJ min
= (1 ) e i max = a [ j min + (1 ) e + Fi ] FB max = a [ Fj min + (1 ) e + Fi
+ e Concusion The three requirements of concentricay oaded joints that must
e met for an integra oted joint are: 1. The maximum ot oad B max must e
ess than the ot yied strength. 2. If the externa oad is aternating, the
aternating stress must e ess than the ot endurance imit to avoid fatigue f
aiures. 3. The joint wi not ose any preoad due to permanent set or viratio
n greater than the vaue assumed for Fi .
SYMBOLS
A Am As Ax d Dc DH Dh DJ E F Fe FeB FeJ Fi Fi Fi min Fi max Fj nom Area (in.2) Ar
ea of minor thread diameter (in.2) Area of substitute cylinder (in.2) Area of bo
lt part 1x (in.2) Diameter of minor thread (in.) Outside diameter of bushing (cy
linder) (in.) Diameter of Bolt head (in.) Diameter of hole (in.) Diameter of Joi
nt Modulus of Elasticity (psi) Load (lb) External load (lb.) Additinal Bolt Load
due to external load (lb) Reduced Joint load due to external load (lb) Preload
on Bolt and Joint (lb) Preload loss (lb) Minimum preload (lb) Maximum preload (lb
) Nominal preload (lb) FB max Maximum Bolt load (lb) FJ min Minimum Joint load (
lb) K Spring rate (lb/in.) KB Spring rate of Bolt (lb/in.) KJ Spring rate of Joi
nt (lb/in.) Kx Spring rate of Bolt part lx (lb/in.) l Length (in.) l Change in le
ngth (in.) lB Length of Bolt (in.) lB Bolt elongation due to Fi (in.) lJ Length o
f Joint (in.) lJ Joint compression to Fi (in.) lx Length of Bolt part x (in.) Len
gth of clamped parts n Total Joint Length Tightening fctor orce ratio Bot and
Joint eongation due to e (in.) B Bolt tre amplitude ( pi)
61
ha indicated the axial tenion can range from 135,000 to 145,000 PSI for indut
ry ocket head cap crew at torion-tenion yield, depending on diameter. Inclu
ding the preload variation that can occur with variou intallation technique,
eg. up to 25%, it can be undertood why ome recommended torque induce preload
reaonably lower than the yield point. Figure 13 alo illutrate the effect of
traight tenion applied after intallation ha topped. Immediately after topp
ing the intallation procedure there will be ome relaxation, and the torion co
mponent will drop toward zero. Thi leave only the axial tenion, which keep t
he joint clamped together. Once the torion i relieved, the axial tenion yield
value and ultimate value for the fatener will be appropriate.
Table 12 Indutrial Fatener Intitute Torque-Meauring Method
Preload Meauring Method Feel (operator judgement) Torque wrench Turn of the nut
Load-indicating waher Fatener elongation Strain gage Accuracy Percent 35 25 15
10 3 to 5 1 Relative Cot 1 1.5 3 7 15 20
62
THREAD STRIPPING STRENGTH IN VARIOUS MATERIALS FOR UNBRAKO SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW
S SIZES 1/4" THRU 5/8" DIAMETER FINE THREADS TYPICAL
THREAD STRIPPING STRENGTH IN VARIOUS MATERIALS FOR UNBRAKO SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREW
S SIZES 3/4" THRU 1" DIAMETER COARSE THREADS TYPICAL
66
HIGH-TEMPERATURE JOINTS
Boted joints sujected to cycic oding perform est if n initi preod is
ppied. The induced stress minimizes the extern od sensed y the ot, nd
reduces the chnce of ftigue fiure. At high temperture, the induced od wi
chnge, nd this cn deversey ffect the fstener performnce. It is therefo
re necessry to compenste for high-temperture conditions when sseming the j
oint t room temperture. This rtice descries the fctors which must e consi
dered nd iustrtes how high-temperture oted joint is designed. In high-t
emperture joints, dequte cmping force or preod must e mintined in spit
e of tempertureinduced dimension chnges of the fstener retive to the join
t memers. the chnge in preod t ny given temperture for given time cn
e ccuted, nd the ffect compensted for y proper fstener seection nd in
iti preod. Three princip fctors tend to ter the initi cmping force
in joint t eevted tempertures, provided tht the fstener mteri retins
requisite strength t the eevted temperture. These fctors re: Moduus of e
sticity, coefficient of therm expnsion, nd rextion. Moduus Of Estici
ty: As temperture increses, ess stress or od is needed to imprt given m
ount of eongtion or strin to mteri thn t ower tempertures. This men
s tht fstener stretched certin mount t room temperture to deveop gi
ven preod wi exert ower cmping force t higher temperture if there is
no chnge in ot eongtion. Coefficient of Expnsion: With most mteris, the
size of the prt increses s the temperture increses. In joint, oth the s
tructure nd the fstener grow with n increse in temperture, nd this cn res
ut,depending on the mteris, in n increse or decrese in the cmping force
. Thus, mtching of mteris in joint design cn ssure sufficient cmping for
ce t oth room nd eevted tempertures. Te 16 ists men coefficient of th
erm expnsion of certin fstener oys t sever tempertures. Rextion:
At eevted tempertures, mteri sujected to constnt stress eow its yie
d strength wi fow psticy nd permnenty chnge size. This phenomenon is
ced creep. In joint t eevted temperture, fstener with fixed dist
nce etween the ering surfce of the hed nd nut wi produce ess nd ess c
mping force with time. This chrcteristic is ced rextion. It differs fr
om creep in tht stress chnges whie eongtion or strin remins constnt. Suc
h eements s mteri, temperture, initi stress, mnufcturing method, nd d
esign ffect the rte of rextion. Rextion is the most importnt of the thr
ee fctors. It is so the most critic considertion in design of eevted-tem
perture fsteners. A oted joint t 1200F cn ose s much s 35 per cent of pr
eod. Fiure to compenste for this coud ed to ftigue fiure through o
ose joint even though the ot ws propery tightened initiy.
If the coefficient of expnsion of the ot is greter thn tht of the joined m
teri, predicte mount of cmping force wi e ost s temperture incr
eses. Conversey, if the coefficient of the joined mteri is greter, the o
t my e stressed eyond its yied or even frcture strength. Or, cycic therm
stressing my ed to therm ftigue fiure. Chnges in the moduus of esti
city of mets with incresing temperture must e nticipted, ccuted, nd
compensted for in joint design. Unike the coefficient of expnsion, the effect
of chnge in moduus is to reduce cmping force whether or not ot nd struct
ure re the sme mteri, nd is stricty function of the ot met. Since t
he temperture environment nd the mteris of the structure re normy fixed,
the design ojective is to seect ot mteri tht wi give the desired c
mping force t critic points in the operting rnge of the joint. To do th
is, it is necessry to nce out the three fctors-rextion, therm expnsi
on, nd moduus-with fourth, the mount of initi tightening or cmping forc
e. In ctu joint design the determintion of cmping force must e considered
with other design fctors such s utimte tensie, sher, nd ftigue strength
of the fstener t eevted temperture. As temperture increses the inherent
strength of the mteri decreses. Therefore, it is importnt to seect fste
ner mteri which hs sufficient strength t mximum service temperture. Exmp
e The design pproch to the proem of mintining stisfctory eevted-tempe
HIGH-TEMPERATURE JOINTS
F w Fc Fc F w
200
AISI 4340 Fb AMS 6304
T = 0.50 in. 1
150 Stress (1000 psi)
tre ss
T = 0.75 in. 2
100
M a m xi
um
S
M
i
m ni
um
r St
es
s
F w
Fc
Fc
F w
50
44,000 psi 21,000 psi 150 50 100 Mean Stress (1000 psi) 200
d = Bolt diam, in. E = Modulus of elasticity, psi Fb = Bolt preload, lb Fc = Cla
mping force, lb (Fb=Fc) Fw = Working load=1500 lb static + 100 lb cyclic L = Eff
ective bolt length, inc.
T1 = Room temperature= 70F T2 = Maximum operatng temperature for 1000 hr=800F t a
= Panel thickness, in. = Coefficient of thermal expansion
Fig. 18 Goodman diagram of maximum and minimum operating limits for H-11 fastene
r at 800F. Bolts stressed within these limits will give infinite fatigue life.
Fig. 17 Parameters for joint operating at 800F. L = t1 + t2 + (1/3 d) L = 0.50 +
0.75 +(1/3 x 0.25) L = 1.333 in. The ideal coefficient of thermal expansion of t
he bolt material is found by dividing the total change in joint thickness by the
mine the cmping stress t ssemy conditions, the eongtion shoud e mutip
ied y the moduus of esticity t room temperture. .0033 30.6 106 = 101,145
psi The ssemy conditions wi e ffected y the difference etween th ide
nd ctu coefficients of expnsion of the joint. The ide coeffienct for the
fstener mteri ws ccuted to e 7.05 ut the cosest mteri H-11 hs
coefficient of 7.1. Since this mteri hs greter expnsion thn ccuted,
there wi e reduction in cmping force resuting from the increse in temp
erture. This mount equs the difference etween the ide nd the ctu coef
ficients mutipied y the chnge in temperture, the ength of the fstener, n
d the moduus of esticity t 70F. [(7.1 7.05) [30.6
6
used to ppy preod (the most common nd simpest method vie), pus or
minus 25 per cent vrition in induced od cn resut. Therefore, the mximum
od which coud e expected in this cse woud e 1.5 times the minimum, or: (1
.5)(102,635) = 153,950 psi This vue does not exceed the room-temperture yied
strength for H-11 given in Te 19. Since there is decrese in the cmping
force with n increse in temperture nd since the stress t operting tempert
ure cn e higher thn originy ccuted ecuse of vritions in induced o
d, it is necessry to scertin if yied strength t 800F wi e exceeded (mx
stress t 70F + chnge in stress) E t 70F [153,950 + (1490)] 24.6 30.6 106 E t 80
0F
10 ][800 70][1.333]
6
10 ] = 1,490 psi
106 = 122,565
The resut must e dded to the initi ccuted stresses to estish the min
imum required cmping stress needed for sseming the joint t room tempertur
e. 101,145 + 1,490 = 102,635 psi Finy, the method of determining the cmping
force or preod wi ffect the fin stress in the joint t operting conditi
ons. For exmpe, if torque wrench is
This vue is ess thn the yied strength for H-11 t 800F, Te 19. Therefore,
1/4-28 H-11 ot stressed etween 102,635 psi nd 153,950 psi t room temper
ture wi mintin cmping od 1500 t 800F fter 1000 hr of opertion. A
cycic oding of 100 , which resuts in ot oding etween 1500 nd 1600
wi not cuse ftigue fiure t the operting conditions.
Te 16
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS USED TO MANUFACTURE ALLOY STEEL SHCSS
Coefficient of Therm Expnsion, m/m/K1
20C to 68F to Mteri 5137M, 51B37M2 41373 4140
3
400 752
11.2 12.3 11.7 11.6
12.6 11.8 12.7 12.4 12.2 12.2
13.4 12.4 12.8 12.8
13.9 13.0 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.5
14.3 13.6
14.6 14.5 14.5 14.1 14.1
43403 8735
3
High Strength Iron-Bse Stiness Aoys A 286 95,000 95,000 90,000 85,000 AMS 5
616 113,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 Unitemp 212 150,000 140,000 135,000 130,000 Hig
h Strength Iron-Bse Aoys AISI 4340 200,000 130,000 75,000 H-11 (AMS 6485) 215
,000 175,000 155,000 AMS 6340 160,000 100,000 75,000 Nicke-Bse Aoys Icone X
115,000 Wspoy 115,000
87403
Moduus of Eongtion (Youngs Moduus) E = 30,000,000 PSI/in/in NOTES:
98,000 106,000 100,000
1. Deveoped from ASM, Mets HDBK, 9th Edition, Vo. 1 (C = K for vues isted)
2. ASME SA574 3. AISI 4. Mutipy vues in te y .556 for in/in/F.
70
GALVANIC CORROSION
Mgnesium Cdmium nd Zinc Pte, Gvnized Stee, Beryium, Cd Auminum Au
minum, 1100, 3003, 5052, 6063, 6061, 356 Stee, (except corrosion-resistnt type
s) Auminum, 2024, 2014, 7075 Led, Led-Tin Soder Tin, Indium, Tin-Led Soder
Stee, AISI 410, 416, 420 Chromium Pte, Tungsten, Moydenum M M M M M M N B
M M N N M N N M N N M N T M M B N N B M M N T M M N N M N B M M N N M N N M N M
B M
M M
M B
B B
T N
T T M M N T N B
T N
B N
M M B B B B
M M B B B B
M M B B B B
M M B B B B
M M B B B B
M M N N B B
M M N N T B
M M N T B B
M M N B N B
M M N N N
M M N
M M
M
Stee, AISI 431, 440; AM 355; PH Stees Leded Brss, Nv Brss, Leded Bronze
Commerci yeow Brss nd Bronze; QQ-B-611 Brss
Copper, Bronze, Brss, Copper Aoys per QQ-C-551, QQ-B-671, MIL-C-20159; Siver
Soder per QQ-S-561
B B B B B B B B B B
B B B B B B B B B
B B B B B B B B
B B B B B B N
B B B B B N
B B B B N
B N N N
N N N
N N
N
KEY: M B B B B B N M B B
Stee, AISI 301, 302, 303, 304, 316, 321, 347, A 286 Nicke-Copper Aoys per QQ
-N-281, QQ-N-286, nd MIL-N-20184 Nicke, Mone, Cot, High-Nicke nd High Co
t Aoys Titnium
Siver, High-Siver Aoys Rhodium, Grphite, Pdium God, Ptinum, God-P
tinum Aoys
LEGEND: N Not comptie B Comptie T Comptie if not exposed within two mi
es of st wter M Comptie when finished with t est one cot of primer
FIG. 19 Mets comptiiity chrt
74
IMPACT PERFORMANCE
THE IMPACT PERFORMANCE OF THREADED FASTENERS
Much hs een written regrding the significnce of the notched r impct testi
ng of stees nd other metic mteris. The Chrpy nd Izod type test rete
notch ehvior (ritteness versus ductiity) y ppying singe overod of s
tress. The resuts of these tests provide quntitive comprisons ut re not con
vertie to energy vues usefu for engineering design ccutions. The resut
s of n individu test re reted to tht prticur specimen size, notch geom
etry nd testing conditions nd cnnot e generized to other sizes of specimen
s nd conditions. The resuts of these tests re usefu in determining the susce
ptiiity of mteri to ritte ehvior when the ppied stress is perpendic
ur to the mjor stress. In externy threded fsteners, however, the oding
usuy is ppied in ongitudin direction. The impct test, therefore, whi
ch shoud e ppice woud e one where the ppied impct stress suppements
the mjor stress. Ony in sher oding on fsteners is the mjor stress in the
trnsverse direction. Considere testing hs een conducted in n effort to d
etermine if retionship exists etween the Chrpy V notch properties of mt
eri nd the tension properties of n externy threded fstener mnufctured
from the sme mteri. Some concusions which cn e drwn from the extensive
impct testing re s foows: 1. The tension impct properties of externy th
reded fsteners do not foow the Chrpy V notch impct pttern. 2. Some of the
vries which effect the tension impct properties re: A. The numer of expo
sed threds B. The ength of the fstener C. The retionship of the fstener sh
nk dimeter to the thred re. D. The hrdness or fstener utimte tensie st
rength Foowing re chrts showing tension impct versus Chrpy impct properti
es, the effect of strength nd dimeter on tension impct properties nd the eff
ect of test temperture. Pese note from figure 21 tht whie the Chrpy impct
strength of socket hed cp screw mteris re decresing t su-zero tempert
ures, the tension impct strength of the sme screws is incresing. This compre
s fvore with the effect of cryogenic tempertures on the tensie strength of
the screws. Note the simir increse in tensie strength shown in figure 22. I
t is recommended, therefore, tht ess importnce e ttched to Chrpy impct p
roperties of mteris which re intended to e given to impct properties for t
hreded fsteners. If ny considertion is to e given to impct properties of
ots or screws, it is dvise to investigte the tension impct properties of
fu size fsteners since this more cosey pproximtes the ctu ppiction.
75
0.91
1.67
1.11
0.21
1450
4620
0.20
0.67
1.85
0.30
0.18
1650
4640
0.43
0.69
1.78
0.29
0.20
1550
4680
0.74
0.77
1.81
0.30
0.21
1450
8620
0.20
0.89
0.60
0.68
0.20
1650
8630
0.34
0.77
0.66
0.62
0.22
1575
8640
0.45
0.78
0.65
0.61
0.20
1550
8660
0.56
0.81
0.70
0.56
0.25
1475
76
IMPACT PERFORMANCE
TYPICAL TENSION IMPACT AND CHARPY IMPACT STANDARD UNBRAKO SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREWS
TENSION
3/8" SIZE SCREWS TESTED FULL SIZE
UNBRAKO ENGINEERING Chrt No. Dte:
180 TENSION IMPACT FASTENER 160 TENSION IMPACT LBF.-FT.
140
120
100
80
60
40 CHARPY V NOTCH SPECIMEN 20
300
200
100
0
100
200
TEMPERATURE, F
FIG. 21 77
METRIC THREADS
Exmpe of thred toernce positions nd mgnitudes. Comprision 5/16 UNC nd M
8. Medium toernce grdes Pitch dimeter.
m +200 +150 +100 +50 0 2B
NUT THREAD 5/16 UNC M8
DEVIATIONS
extern h g e intern H G sic cernce none sm rge
6H
Aownce 50 2A 100 160 200 m NOTE:
Lower cse etters = extern threds Cpit etters = intern threds
Aownce = 0 6g 6h After pting
5/16 UNC
Pin
BOLT THREAD
81
THROUGH-HOLE PREPARATION
DRILL AND COUNTERBORE SIZES FOR INCH SOCKET HEAD CAP SCREWS
Note 1 Cose Fit: Normy imited to hoes for those engths of screws threded
to the hed in ssemies in which: (1) ony one screw is used; or (2) two or m
ore screws re used nd the mting hoes re produced t ssemy or y mtched
nd coordinted tooing. Note 2 Norm Fit: Intended for: (1) screws of retive
y ong ength; or (2) ssemies tht invove two or more screws nd where the
mting hoes re produced y convention toerncing methods. It provides for t
he mximum owe eccentricty of the ongest stndrd screws nd for certin
devitions in the prts eing fstened, such s devitions in hoe strightness;
ngurity etween the xis of the tpped hoe nd tht of the hoe for the sh
nk; differneces in center distnces of the mting hoes nd other devitions. No
te 3 Chmfering: It is considered good prctice to chmfer or rek the edges of
hoes tht re smer thn F mximum in prts in which hrdness pproches, equ
s or exceeds the screw hrdness. If hoes re not chmfered, the heds my not
set propery or the shrp edges my deform the fiets on the screws, mking th
em susceptie to ftigue in ppictions tht invove dynmic oding. The chm
fers, however, shoud not e rger thn needed to ensure tht the heds set pr
opery or tht the fiet on the screw is not deformed. Normy, the chmfers d
o not need to exceed F mximum. Chmfers exceeding these vues reduce the effecti
ve ering re nd introduce the possiiity of indenttion when the prts fst
ened re softer thn screws, or the possiity of rinneing of the heds of th
e screws when the prts re hrder thn the screws. (See F pge 6).
A dri size for hoe A nomin size 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/
8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 sic screw dimeter 0.0600 0.0730 0.0860 0.0990 0.1120
0.1250 0.1380 0.1640 0.1900 0.2500 0.3125 0.0375 0.4375 0.5000 0.6250 0.7500 0.8
750 1.0000 1.2500 1.5000 cose fit nom. 51* 46* 3/32 36* 1/8 9/64 23* 15* 5* 17/
64 21/64 25/64 29/64 33/64 41/64 49/64 57/64 1-1/64 1-9/32 1-17/32 dec. 0.0670 0
.0810 0.0937 0.1065 0.1250 0.1406 0.1540 0.1800 0.2055 0.2656 0.3281 0.3906 0.45
31 0.5156 0.6406 0.7656 0.8906 1.0156 1.2812 1.5312 norm fit nom. 49* 43* 36*
31* 29* 23* 18* 10 2* 9/23 11/32 13/32 15/32 17/32 21/32 25/32 29/32 1-1/32 1-5/
16 1-9/16 dec. 0.0730 0.0890 0.1065 0.1200 0.1360 0.1540 0.1695 0.1935 0.2210 0.
2812 0.3437 0.4062 0.4687 0.5312 0.6562 0.7812 0.9062 1.0312 1.3125 1.5625
X counterore dimeter 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/16 3/8 7/16 17/32 5/8
23/32 13/16 1 1-3/16 1-3/8 1-5/8 2 2-3/8
C countersink dimeter D
Mx. + 2F(Mx.)
hoe dimensions tp dri size UNRC 1.5mm #50 #47 #43 #38 #36 #29 #25 #7 F 5/16
U 27/64 35/64 21/32 49/64 7/8 1-7/64 34mm UNRF 3/64 #53 #50 #45 #42 #38 #33 #29
#21 #3 I Q 25/64 29/64 14.5mm 11/16 20.5mm 59/64 1-11/64 36mm **ody dri size
#51 #46 3/32 #36 1/8 9/64 #23 #15 #5 17/64 21/64 25/64 29/64 33/64 41/64 49/64 5
7/64 1-1/64 1-9/32 1-17/32 counterore size 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 7/32 1/4 9/32 5/1
6 3/8 7/16 17/32 5/8 23/32 13/16 1 1-3/16 1-3/8 1-5/8 2 2-3/8
0.074 0.087 0.102 0.115 0.130 0.145 0.158 0.188 0.218 0.278 0.346 0.415 0.483 0.
552 0.689 0.828 0.963 1.100 1.370 1.640
** Brek edge of ody dri hoe to cer screw fiet. 82
indictes stndrd ck finish (Therm Oxide) for oy stee nd p
for stiness stee. LENGTH in 16ths THREAD TYPE C corse, F fine DIAM
NO. DIA. DASH NO. #0 90 5/8 10 #1 91 3/4 12 #2 92 7/8 14 #3 93 1 16 #4
#6 96 #8 98 #10 3 1/4 4 2 32 5/16 5 3/8 6 7/16 7 1/2 8 3 48 9/16 9
BASE NUMBER 76000 metric socket hed cp screw oy stee 76001 metric socket h
ed cp screw stiness stee 76002 metric ow hed cp screw oy 76032 metric
ow hed cp screw stiness stee 76005 metric ft hed cp screw oy stee
76006 metric ft hed cp screw stiness stee 76003 metric utton hed cp s
crew oy 76004 metric utton hed cp screw stiness stee 76007 metric shou
der screw oy Metric Set Screws Aoy Stiness Stee Stee 76010 76016 76011
76017 76012 76018 76013 76019 76014 76020 76015 76021
ft point cup point knured cup point cone point ov point hf dog point
* Shouder screws re designted y shouder dimeter
88
METRIC
HEX KEYS PART NUMBERS (METRIC)
ong rm 76023 5mm 5
The Prt numer consists of (1) sic prt numer descriing the item; (2) d
sh numer designting size.
FINISH Stndrd Bck Finish (Therm Oxide)
Key size in mm BASIC PART NUMBER 76022 short rm wrench 76023 ong rm wrench
DOWEL PINS PART NUMBERS (METRIC)
dowe pin 76024 6mm 6 .0275 oversize B 8mm 8
The Prt numer consists of (1) sic prt numer descriing the item; (2) d
sh numer nd etter designting dimeter nd oversize dimension; (3) dsh nu
mer designting ength. LENGTH in mm OVERSIZE A-.0055, B-.0275mm DIAMETER in mm
BASIC PART NUMBER 76024 Stndrd Dowe Pins 76035 Pu-Out Dowe Pins
89