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    Wwii

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    The document provides an overview of FDR's foreign policy leading up to WWII and key events during the war. It discusses FDR granting diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union in 1933 and promising independence to the Philippines. As totalitarian aggression increased in the 1930s with Germany and Japan invading neighboring countries, FDR pursued neutrality legislation and aid to allies through cash and carry and lend lease programs. Major WWII events discussed include the Pearl Harbor attack, D-Day invasion, island hopping strategy in the Pacific, and FDR's death in 1945.

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    Wwii

    Uploaded by

    api-299185789
    74 views11 pages
    The document provides an overview of FDR's foreign policy leading up to WWII and key events during the war. It discusses FDR granting diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union in 1933 and promising independence to the Philippines. As totalitarian aggression increased in the 1930s with Germany and Japan invading neighboring countries, FDR pursued neutrality legislation and aid to allies through cash and carry and lend lease programs. Major WWII events discussed include the Pearl Harbor attack, D-Day invasion, island hopping strategy in the Pacific, and FDR's death in 1945.

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    The document provides an overview of FDR's foreign policy leading up to WWII and key events during the war. It discusses FDR granting diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union in 1933 and promising independence to the Philippines. As totalitarian aggression increased in the 1930s with Germany and Japan invading neighboring countries, FDR pursued neutrality legislation and aid to allies through cash and carry and lend lease programs. Major WWII events discussed include the Pearl Harbor attack, D-Day invasion, island hopping strategy in the Pacific, and FDR's death in 1945.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    74 views11 pages

    Wwii

    Uploaded by

    api-299185789
    The document provides an overview of FDR's foreign policy leading up to WWII and key events during the war. It discusses FDR granting diplomatic recognition to the Soviet Union in 1933 and promising independence to the Philippines. As totalitarian aggression increased in the 1930s with Germany and Japan invading neighboring countries, FDR pursued neutrality legislation and aid to allies through cash and carry and lend lease programs. Major WWII events discussed include the Pearl Harbor attack, D-Day invasion, island hopping strategy in the Pacific, and FDR's death in 1945.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11

    The Second World War (WWII)

    FDRs Foreign Policy

    Recognition of the Soviet Union

    1933 - Granted diplomatic recognition the Soviet Union


    U.S. - Desired foreign trade
    Philippine Independence

    Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)


    Promised the Philippines complete independence within a decade
    The Good Neighbor Policy

    U.S. - Would be the neighbor who respects himself and the rights of others
    Became the label for his Latin America Policy
    Totalitarian Aggression

    Totalitarian
    Centralized control by an autocratic authority
    The political concept that the citizen should be totally subject to an absolute state authority
    Japanese in China

    1931 - Seized Manchuria (Northern China)


    1937 - Attack China
    Rape of Nanking
    December 12, 1937
    U.S. gunboat Panay - sunk by Japanese on Yangtze River
    - 3 dead, 43 injured
    Italians in Africa

    1935 - Italy invaded Ethiopia


    Dreamed of another Italian empire
    Leader - Benito Mussolini II Duce
    Abolished democracy, destroyed liberty
    - All on the promise of jobs and glory
    German Expansion

    Germany
    Building enormous new army, making weapons at frightening speed, and menacing
    neighbors

    March 1936 - Militarization of Rhineland


    March 1938 - Seized Austria
    Sept. 1928 - Munich Pact
    An attempt to appease Hitler:
    - Dismember Czech. and give a piece to Germany (Sudetenland)
    March 1939 - -Hitler seized the rest of Czech
    Appeasement was a failure
    Sept. 1, 1939 - Germany invaded Poland
    WWII BEGINS
    Sept. 3, 1939 - Great Britain and France declare war on Germany
    Rise of Isolationism in the United States

    Most govt. officials and citizens in the 1920s were isolationists


    Felt U.S. should avoid alliances and agreements with other nations
    Nye committee - Investigated U.S. entry into WWI
    Findings

    - International bankers drew U.S. into WWI


    - Munitions industry - Pressed for American entry into war
    Isolation dominated U.S. foreign policy in 1930s
    Neutral Legislation

    Neutrality Act, 1935


    Authorized the President to bar arms sales to warring nations
    1936 - Extended neutrality legislation - put limits on sale of arms to belligerents
    Cash and Carry
    A country had to pay cash for goods before they left our shores
    - The country at war had to carry the goods on its own ships
    Destroyer Base Deal

    FDR - Traded 50 old destroyers for the use of 8 British naval bases
    Legally tried to help allies secure supplies
    Lend-Lease

    U.S. would lend or lease whatever war supplies we could make


    Supplies sent to any nation President considered vital to defense of the U.S.

    Atlantic Charter

    FDR and Churchill met - -Wanted a better future for the world
    U.S. and Great Britain - Were seeking no territorial gain
    Real reason for the meeting
    - Churchill wanted American troops to join. FDRs answer is NO
    Effects of the War on 1940 Election

    Republican nominee - Wendell L. Willkie


    Opposed the New Deal
    Democratic nominee - FDR
    Both wanted to aid Great Britain
    FDR won
    First person elected President for the third term
    The Battlefield is Everywhere

    New Warfare: Blitzkrieg


    Lightning Warfare - Hitlers new strategy
    Depended heavily on air power
    Used the fastest new vehicles
    Airplanes, tanks, trucks, motorcycles
    Struck quickly at the heart of enemy territory, overwhelming them

    1940 - In England - Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister


    U.S. Prepared for War

    FDR warned the U.S. to rearm


    Wanted billions of dollars to create a two-ocean navy
    Also, size of the airfare greatly increased
    Battle of the Atlantic

    German submarine wolf pack sunk tons of allied supplies


    Main years: 1942-1943
    Subs had to be beaten, and soon

    Radar and sonar were invented


    Both could destroy subs

    Japanese-American Relations

    1931-1940
    Jap. military aggression was militarily unopposed by the U.S.
    1940 - Japan became a partner of Germany and Italy
    Japan attacked and expanded through China - July 1941
    U.S. response
    Embargo on all trade with Japan
    U.S. and Japan met; Sticking Point: China
    Japan - Wanted U.S. to cut off aid with Chinese
    Japan - Demanded Jap. withdraw from China
    Japan had a choice:
    Give up dream of an empire or go to war
    - They chose WAR

    POST QUIZ 2/9


    America At War - Attack on Pearl Harbor

    Sunday Dec. 7, 1941


    Japan attacked the airfield and naval base at Pearl Harbor
    Surprise attack - 180 american warplanes destroyed (120 crippled), 18 naval vessels were
    sunk or heavily damaged

    More than 70 civilian and 2403 servicemen were killed

    1177 crewmen of the USS Arizona died in the attack


    Next day - FDR - Japans Day of Infamy plunged the U.S. into war
    War on the Home Front
    Selective Service

    Draft was started in 1940


    By Pearl Harbor - 1.6 million in army
    Millions more volunteered as a result of the attack
    Interment of Japanese Americans

    March 1942
    Close to 120,000 Jap. Americans were rounded up and confined to camps
    Were placed in camps because of the threat of possible acts of espionage and sabotage

    Wartime Agencies

    1940 - Industry: emerging from depression


    1942 - American production: Equal to Ger., It., and Jap. combined
    1944 - Production was double of Ger., It., Jap. combined
    During WWII, the govt. regulated industry and controlled the econ. to achieve maximum
    production and efficiency

    Full employment - Inflation occurred


    Role of Women and Minorities
    Women

    1945 - 258,000 women were serving in the armed forces


    18 million were part of the American workforce
    Women needed as workers

    Took a wide variety of jobs in industry


    Shipyards, airplane factories, rail yards, truck drivers, etc.
    Minorities

    About 1 million African-Americans server in WWII


    African-Am. Server in segregated units in the early stages of WWII
    Many African-Am. migrated to industrial areas (cities) for jobs
    Over 500,000 Latino-Americans served and were not segregated
    Conservation and Rationing

    Rationing was used to assure availability of scarce items to all citizens


    Individuals received coupons for a share of the rationed items
    The US and allies needed everything the US could produce
    American Strategy
    Get Hitler First

    If Germany won in Europe, US would face aggressor nations alone


    Second Front

    Russians wanted a second front in Europe


    Wanted to invade lands held by Axis Powers
    Instead, July 1942
    Allies decided to invade North Africa
    Invasion of North Africa

    Germany
    Led by Desert Fox General Erwin Rommel
    British
    Led by Gen. Bernard Montgomery

    Montgomerys army broke through Rommels Africa Korps: Nov. 4 1942


    US and British Force struck from west to north - Nov. 8 1942
    Invasion of Italy

    July 10, 1943 - 250,000 US and British troops land on Sicilian coastlines
    Germans
    Escaped to the Italian mainland
    Italians
    Sick of war; Mussolini - forced to resign
    Allied troops - Tied up with thousands of German troops; weakened them elsewhere
    Control of the Air

    British and US forces heavily bombed Germany, but used different strategies
    British - Saturation Bombing - Bombed whole areas
    US - Pinpoint Bombing - Attacked in daylight; could focus bombs on crucial factories
    Attack on the European Continent
    D-Day

    US and Great Britains invasion of France


    Objective: 2nd Front in Europe
    Directed by American Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in
    Western Europe

    June 6, 1944 - D-Day invasion began


    Conditions Needed: low tide, half moon, good weather, morning invasion

    D-Day Code Name: Operation Overload


    Allies - Achieved a tactical surprise; landings were a success
    Secured beachhead - One of the greatest Allied achievements of the war

    Generals Montgomery (Britain) and Eisenhower Allied forces through Europe towards
    Germany
    Re-conquest of France

    By the end of July, 1944 the Allies controlled 1500 Sq. mi. of France
    Paris - Liberated on Aug. 25, 1944
    By mid-Sept. all of France had been cleared of Germans

    FDR

    Elected 4th term


    WWII - Taking its toll on FDRs health
    Battle of Germany

    Dec 16, 1944 - Battle of the Bulge


    Germany final bid to break the allies
    Germans penetrated 60 miles creating a bulge in the allied lines
    Foul weather aided the Germans
    Patton and Montgomery stopped the advancing Germans
    By the end of Jan. the Bulge was pinched off
    German losses - 120,000 of their best remaining men
    Also the most costly battle of the war for Americans
    Yalta Conference

    Pres. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met at Yalta to discuss the Nazi surrender
    Stalin - Tough and clever bargainer
    Most of Stalins promises were lies
    Western democracies - Needed Stalins armies

    Death of FDR

    Worn down by wartime burdens, health continued to decline


    Died April 12, 1945 while resting in Warm Springs, Georgia
    The nation grieved
    Collapse of Germany

    March 1945 - Allies were closing in - US and GB from west, Russia from east
    Churchill - Shake hands with the Russians as far west as possible.
    The War in the Pacific
    Extent of Japanese Conquests:

    Controlled a 4500 mile are of the Pacific


    Allied policy in the Pacific - Active defense

    Island Hopping

    General MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz - Commanders of Allied Forces in the Pacific
    The Allies invaded strategic islands, and bypassed others

    May 3-8, 1942 - battle of the Coral Sea


    Result: Draw
    First Naval battle where the opposing ships never saw one another
    June 4, 1942 - Battle of Midway
    US Victory
    Japans first great naval defeat; a big turning point
    Aug. 7, 1942 - Battle for Guadalcanal - US Victory
    Our troops first exposure to land battle with the Japanese

    The fighting was fierce and brutal - the Japanese would not surrender
    October 20, 1944 - Re-conquest of the Philippians begin
    Led by MacArthur, the US crushes the Japanese and knocks their navy out of the war
    Feb. - March. 1945 - Iwo Jima (650 miles from Tokyo) - US Victory - Operation Detachment
    Goal - Secure Airfield
    Heavy losses: 6821 US deaths
    Flag raised: Mt. Suribachi
    March 9-10 - Tokyo Firebombing - Operation Meetinghouse
    Targeted Industrial sites, but was very populated area
    Utilized 334 B-29 Superfortress airplanes
    100,000 died in the attack, 1 million homeless
    April-June, 1945 - Okinawa - US Victory
    Brutal Fighting - Japan considered it a home island
    - 12,513 Americans died
    The Atomic Bomb

    Developed after Germans and Italians surrendered; Manhattan Project


    Potsdam Declaration (Ultimatum)
    Allies warned the Japanese:
    - The alternative to surrender is prompt and utter destruction.
    August 6, 1945 - A bomb is dropped on Hiroshima
    August 9, 1945 - Bomb dropped on Nagasaki
    V-J Day - August 14, 1945

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