Evs Water Resources
Evs Water Resources
Evs Water Resources
ASSIGNMENT 1
WATER RESOURCES
SUBMITTED BY
GREETY MARIA THOMAS C
S9 BARCH
11BAR1013
WATER RESOURCES
CONTENT
WATER RESOURCES
WATER AS A UNIQUE SOURCE
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE
WATER AVAILABILITY
WATER USE AND OVER EXPLOITATION
SOURCES OF WATER
SURFACE WATER
FLOOD
DROUGHT
IMPACT OF DAMS
TIPS TO CONSERVE WATER AND WATER RESOURCES
SOURCE : PERSPECTIVES IN ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
FOURTH EDITION
BY ANUBHA KAUSHIK&C P KAUSHIK
PAGE NO:26-43
WATER RESOURCES
WATER IS AN INDISPENSABLE NATURAL RESOURCE ON THIS EARTH WHICH ALL LIFE
DEPENDS. ABOUT 97% OF THE EARTH SURFACE IS COVERED BY WATER AND MOST OF
THE ANIMALS AND PLANTS HAVE 60-65% WATER IN THEIR BODY.
WATER AVAILABILITY
OCEANS : 97.4%
SALT CONTENTS 3.5%
NOT GOOD FOR
CONSUMPTION
WITHOUT
DESALINATION.
2.6%
THESE OCCUR AT HIGHER
ALTITUDE AND LATITUDES.
WATER USAGE
25%
5%
70%
AGRICULTUR
E
INDUSTRIAL
SECTOR
OTHER USES
WATER
USE BY
HUMANS
WATER
WITHDRAWAL :
TAKING WATER
FROM GROUND
WATER OR
SURFACE
WATER
RESOURCES
WATER CONSUMPTION :
THE WATER IS TAKEN UP
BUT NOT RETURNED
FOR REUSE.ONLY 60%
OF WATER WITHDRAWN
IS CONSUMED,REST IS
LOST THROUGH
EVAPOURATION
SOURCE:www.google.co.in/water.usgs.gov/edu/pictures
Precipitation
UNCONFINED
AQUIFER
FORMED WHEN WATER
COLLECTS OVER A ROCK
OR COMPACT CLAY.
CONFINED AQUIFER
FORMED WHEN
SANWICHED BETWEEN
TWO LAYERS HAVING LOW
PERMEABILITY.
Flowing
artesian well
Evaporation and transpiration
Well requiring a pump
Evaporation
Confined
Recharge Area
Runoff
Aquifer
Infiltration Water table
Stream
Infiltration
Unconfined aquifer
Lake
Confined aquifer
Confirming permeable rock layer
SURFACE WATER
FLOODS
FLOOD OCCURRED IN
BIHAR-2008
SOURCE: http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/floodsituation-worsens-in-bihar-as-another-river-breaches
DROUGHTS
HAVE HUMAN ACTIVITIES INCREASED
VULNERABILITY TO DROUGHT?
WHEN ANNUAL RAINFALL IS BELOW NORMAL AND
LESS EVAPOURATION,DROUGHT CONDITIONS ARE
CREATED.IRONICALLY THESE DROUGHT-HIT AREAS ARE
OF HAVING A HIGH POPULATION GROWTH WHICH
LEADS TO POOR LAND USE AND MAKES THE
SITUATION WORSE.
ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES : ANTHROPOGENIC
CAUSES LIKE OVER GRAZING, DEFORESTATION, MINING
ETC.THERE IS SPREADING OF THE DESERTS TENDING
TO CONVERT MORE AREAS TO DROUGHT AFFECTED
AREAS.IN THE LAST TWENTY YEARS,INDIA HAS
EXPERIENCED MORE AND MORE DESERTIFICATION,
THEREBY INCREASING THE VULNERABILITY OF LARGER
PARTS OF THE COUNTRY TO DROUGHTS.
ENORMOUS AND INTENSIVE CROPPING PATTERN AND
INCREASED EXPLOITATION OF SCARCE WATER
RESOURCES THROUGH WELL OR CANAL IRRIGATION
TO GET HIGH PRODUCTIVITY HAS CONVERTED
SOURCE:DROUGHTS IN
DROUGHT-PRONE INTO DESERTIFIED AREAS.
BENEFITS
PLAY A KEY ROLE IN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS DUE TO THEIR MULTIPLE USES, AS THEY AIM
AT PROVIDING EMPLOYMENT, RAISING THEIR STANDARDS AND QUALITY OF LIFE.
DAMS HAVE TREMENDOUS POTENTIAL FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND UPLIFTMENT.
THEY HELP IN CHECKING FLOODS,FAMINES,GENERATE ELECTRICITY, REDUCE WATER AND
WATER SHORTAGE ,PROVIDE IRRIGATION,DRINKING WATER IN REMOTE AREAS, PROMOTE
NAVIGATION, FISHERY .
IMPACT OF DAMS
DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS
-SUBMERGENCE OF VILLAGES &FERTILE LANDS.
-OUTBREAK OF VECTOR BORNE DISEASES.
UPSTREAM IMPACTS
-DISPLACEMENT OF NATIVE PEOPLE
-RESETTLEMENT ISSUES.
CHANGE IN FISHERIES AND SPAWNING GROUNDS.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kaushik,Anubha & C P Kaushik . Perspectives in environmental studies .new age
international limited.fourth edition-2014.pp 26-43
Dr.Sin Meng Srun. Global Environment Awareness .authorstream.2 july
2015.<http://authorstream.com/presentation/Maharonga-1321549-water resources>
<www.google.co.in/water.usgs.gov/edu/pictures>
G. Tyler Miller.Living in the Environment PPT.polytechpanthers.24 february 2014.2
july
2015.<http://www.polytechpanthers.com/ourpages/auto/2014/2/24/4644540/chapter
4>
Sathymoorthy G.another-river-breaches.indian express.19 august
2008<http://archive indianexpress.com/news-flood-situation-worsen-biharas=another-river-breaches>
Wikipedia.2005.july
2015<http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/maharastra_floods_of_2005>
Rahul Jaiswal.Droughts in india.slideshare.2 july 2015.<www.slideshare.net/rahul
jaiswal14/ppt-on-droughts-in-india>