Bus Bar and LBB Protection PDF
Bus Bar and LBB Protection PDF
Bus Bar and LBB Protection PDF
S.D.E(E), CRITL
DVC, MAITHON
JANUARY 2016
(stability).
Must be able to detect and trip only faulty part of
Busbar system (selectivity)
Must be secure against mal operation due to
auxiliary contact failure / CT secondary circuitry
problem etc.
Over Voltages.
Wrong application/operation of /or failure to
remove temporary earth connections.
Short circuits caused by birds, monkeys, snake etc.
Short circuits caused by construction machinery.
How it operates ?
The basic operating principal of Bus Differential Protection is
based on Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) principal i.e. sum of
all the currents (entering or exit) in a particular node is Zero.
Here the node is Bus Bar itself and the associated currents
are the currents of all the Bays connected to that particular
Bus .
Although it is quite obvious that KCL is applicable for all the
faults whether it is Bus fault or an external/through Fault,
detection of Bus fault depends on the fact that all the fault
currents are being measured by the CTs in case of a through
fault and in case of a Bus Fault, the Bus fault current remains
unmeasured causing B/D protection to operate.
However, the most important factor here is the proper
connection of the CTs (Both Polarity and Ratio) used for Bus
Bar Protection
Busbar scheme had been adopted. Earlier only Electromechanical/Static type Relays for High Impedance
Busbar protection were used mainly in the 220kV
Switchyard of Power Houses and Substations. Now a
days with the advent of the Numerical Relays Low
impedance Busbar Protections had been adopted in the
400kV Switchyard and also in new 220/132 KV S/Stn
such as Giridih (New), Dhanbad.
In the 400kV Switchyard Busbar protection Main-1 and
Main-2 Protection philosophy had been adopted
2 MB AND 1 TB CONFIGURATION
CT Supervision Relays
This is a three phase monitoring Relay/Feature used in Bus
Differential protection scheme (for each and every Zone i.e
main Zones and Check Zone) to avoid mal tripping and
detection of any Open circuit/Short circuit in the CT Secondary
Circuit. The Relay operates on the principal that in case of such
fault in CT Secondary Circuit, there will be some mismatch
current in that particular Bus current summation(which may or
may not be as high as to operate the Protection). This mismatching
current is utilized to detect any problem in CT Secondary Circuit
with adequate Time Delay ( 5-8 Sec.) so that it does not interfere
with the main protection (which also operates due to current
mismatch) and also ensures sustaining nature of the fault. If CT
supervision Relay operates, it will block the Bus Differential
protection of that very Zone to avoid malt ripping.