Advance Design Guide

Advance Design
User's Guide
This document has been very carefully prepared in the hope to meet your expectations
and to answer all your questions regarding Advance Design.
This document only contains a brief description of the software functions and may only
be used as a guide for using the software. It can also include information about some
modules you did not acquire. For detailed information regarding the program's functions,
please refer to the online help provided in Advance Design.
In case of any discrepancy between the information given in this guide and the
information given in the software, consider the software as your main reference.
The content of this guide is subject to change without notice. Any reproduction or
distribution, even if partial, by any means - electronically or mechanically - of the
contents of the present guide and other supplied documentation is strictly forbidden if
made without GRAITEC explicit authorization.
GRAITEC, Bivres, 2006. All rights reserved.
Windows 2000 and Windows XP are trade marks or registered trademarks of the
Microsoft Corporation.
DXF and AutoCAD are trademarks or registered trademarks of AutoDesk Inc. San
Rafael, CA.
All the other marks belong to their owners.
Ref. AD_0005
ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE
Contents
WELCOME......................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction ............................................................................................................................2
About this manual ..................................................................................................................3
Contact Graitec.......................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 1 ADVANCE DESIGN INSTALLATION .......................................................................................5
General requirements ............................................................................................................6
Hardware configuration ............................................................................................................................ 6
Software configuration ............................................................................................................................. 6
Installation ..............................................................................................................................6
Installing a version for one user ............................................................................................................... 6
Installing a network version...................................................................................................................... 9
What is a NETHASP key?................................................................................................................ 9
How to install a NETHASP key? ...................................................................................................... 9
Security configuration .........................................................................................................11

Uninstalling...........................................................................................................................12
Start Advance Design ..........................................................................................................12
Advance Design file and folder management....................................................................12
CHAPTER 2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT .....................................................................................................13
Creating a project .................................................................................................................14
Localization...........................................................................................................................14
Project configuration ...........................................................................................................15
Import/Export ........................................................................................................................18
Saving the project ................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 3 ADVANCE DESIGN ENVIRONMENT .....................................................................................21
Main screen description ......................................................................................................22
Menus ....................................................................................................................................25
Menu bar ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Context menu......................................................................................................................................... 27
Toolbars ................................................................................................................................28
Display the environment elements .....................................................................................34
Pilot ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
Properties window.................................................................................................................................. 35
Status bar............................................................................................................................................... 36
Command line ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Views management ..............................................................................................................38

Zoom ...................................................................................................................................................... 38
View types .............................................................................................................................................. 39
Display management .............................................................................................................................43

Display styles .........................................................................................................................................43
CAD display settings ..............................................................................................................................46
Rendering settings .................................................................................................................................49
Workspace configuration .................................................................................................... 50

Coordinate systems................................................................................................................................50
Workplane ..............................................................................................................................................52
CHAPTER 4 WORKING STEPS .................................................................................................................. 55

Model mode .......................................................................................................................... 56
Components of the Model mode ............................................................................................................56
Organize the model's elements in the Pilot............................................................................................57
Drawing principles ..................................................................................................................................58
Drawing methods ...................................................................................................................................59
Drawing the descriptive model's elements.............................................................................................63
Structure elements .................................................................................................................................63
Linear elements ..............................................................................................................................63
Planar elements..............................................................................................................................64
Structure assemblies ......................................................................................................................65
Calculation elements..............................................................................................................................68
Supports .........................................................................................................................................68
Windwalls........................................................................................................................................70
Masses ...........................................................................................................................................73
Geometric elements ...............................................................................................................................73
Points..............................................................................................................................................73
Lines ...............................................................................................................................................74
Help entities............................................................................................................................................76
Coordinate lines..............................................................................................................................76
Dimension lines ..............................................................................................................................76
Grids ...............................................................................................................................................77
Configuration of sections and materials .................................................................................................78
Materials.................................................................................................................................................78
Sections..................................................................................................................................................80
Objects handling.....................................................................................................................................83
Select elements......................................................................................................................................83
Move elements .......................................................................................................................................88
Copy elements .......................................................................................................................................91
Transform elements ...............................................................................................................................96
Deform elements ............................................................................................................................96
Cut ..................................................................................................................................................96
Trim or extend ................................................................................................................................97
Subdivide ........................................................................................................................................98
Create slab openings......................................................................................................................99
Split windwalls ................................................................................................................................99
Create fillets..................................................................................................................................100
Convert lines to structure elements..............................................................................................101
Extrude points and lines ...............................................................................................................102
Renumbering elements ........................................................................................................................103
Loading the structure ...........................................................................................................................104
ii
Create a case family ............................................................................................................................ 105

Wind ............................................................................................................................................. 106
Snow............................................................................................................................................. 106
Seism............................................................................................................................................ 107
Create a load case ...............................................................................................................................109
Self weight .................................................................................................................................... 110
Static............................................................................................................................................. 110
Seismic ......................................................................................................................................... 111
Create loads......................................................................................................................................... 112
Generate loads ............................................................................................................................. 113
Load types .................................................................................................................................... 114
Define the analysis hypotheses ........................................................................................................... 115
Create analysis types........................................................................................................................... 115
Modal analysis.............................................................................................................................. 115
Generalized-buckling.................................................................................................................... 117
Static nonlinear analysis............................................................................................................... 117
Create envelopes ................................................................................................................................. 119
Create combinations ............................................................................................................................ 121
Create a user-defined combination .............................................................................................. 121
Load predefined combinations ..................................................................................................... 122
Saving CAD views................................................................................................................................ 123
Creating animation ...............................................................................................................................124
Verify the descriptive model ................................................................................................................. 126
Create the analysis model.................................................................................................................... 128
Analysis mode ....................................................................................................................129

Hypotheses step .................................................................................................................................. 129
Meshing................................................................................................................................................ 130
Mesh configuration ....................................................................................................................... 131
Mesh display................................................................................................................................. 132
Elements of analysis modeling ............................................................................................................ 133
Points............................................................................................................................................ 134
Lines ............................................................................................................................................. 134
DOF restraints .............................................................................................................................. 134
DOF constraints............................................................................................................................ 135
Symmetry conditions .................................................................................................................... 136
Section cuts .................................................................................................................................. 136
Calculation ........................................................................................................................................... 137
Exploitation step................................................................................................................................... 139
Configuration of F.E. results display .................................................................................................... 140
Finite elements result types ................................................................................................................. 141
Displacements .............................................................................................................................. 141
Forces........................................................................................................................................... 141
Stresses........................................................................................................................................ 142
Eigen modes................................................................................................................................. 142
Torsors ......................................................................................................................................... 142
Choosing load cases for post-processing ............................................................................................ 143
Results representation modes ............................................................................................................. 144
Graphical exploitation of results on the analysis model ............................................................... 144
Result curves................................................................................................................................ 149
Stresses diagrams for linear elements......................................................................................... 157
iii
Exploitation methods ............................................................................................................................158

Exploitation views .........................................................................................................................158
Animation......................................................................................................................................159
Calculation reports........................................................................................................................160
Document mode ................................................................................................................. 171

CHAPTER 5 ADVANCE DESIGN EXPERTS............................................................................................. 173
Reinforced Concrete Design............................................................................................. 174
Definition of concrete design regulatory combinations ........................................................................174
Concrete design hypotheses................................................................................................................175
Global hypotheses........................................................................................................................175
Local hypotheses..........................................................................................................................178
Reinforced concrete calculation ...........................................................................................................180
Configuration of concrete results display .............................................................................................180
Concrete Design results types .............................................................................................................181
Post-processing of Concrete Design results........................................................................................182
Columns calculation .............................................................................................................................183
Steel Design ....................................................................................................................... 185

Definition of steel design regulatory combinations...............................................................................185
Steel Design Hypotheses.....................................................................................................................186
Global hypotheses........................................................................................................................186
Local hypotheses..........................................................................................................................188
Stored shapes ......................................................................................................................................189
Steel calculation ...................................................................................................................................190
Configuration of steel results display ...................................................................................................190
Steel Design results types....................................................................................................................191
Post-processing of Steel Design results ..............................................................................................192
Shape Sheets.......................................................................................................................................194
Shapes optimization .............................................................................................................................196
Define design templates.................................................................................................... 197

CHAPTER 6 TUTORIAL EXAMPLES ........................................................................................................ 199
A 2D metallic portal frame................................................................................................. 200
A 2D truss on 2 supports .................................................................................................. 217
A metallic framework with 6 portal frames and a concrete floor................................... 230
A concrete slab hinged on three sides ............................................................................ 246
A reinforced concrete building with two storeys............................................................ 261
A circular water tank.......................................................................................................... 275
INDEX ......................................................................................................................................................... 289
Index.................................................................................................................................... 290
iv
Welcome
Welcome to Advance Design, structural analysis software designed for
the construction field. From the elements modeling to the structure
calculation, results exploitation and structure optimization, Advance
Design offers a complete environment for the structural analysis by
finite element method.
In this chapter:
Introduction
About this manual
Contact Graitec
Introduction
Advance Design is a complete solution for the analysis of complex structures by the finite elements method. It
provides a wide range of functions specialized in advanced CAD modeling, meshing, calculation, expert design and
results post-processing.
Advance Design provides tools for the plan and 3D structure modeling, loading generation, structure meshing, model
calculation, verification and optimization of reinforced concrete and steelwork constructions by the chosen regulations,
and results post-processing. You may generate afterwards high quality report notes.
The program's interface is intuitive and easy to work with. The work process in Advance Design environment is
designed by three operating modes:
Model mode: generate structure elements (beams, slabs, foundations, walls etc), create loadings (point, linear,
planar loads), organize the model elements in systems and subsystems and define the analysis hypotheses.
Analysis mode: perform the model meshing, launch calculation and exploit the results.
Document mode: generate and view calculation reports, memorize and organize model views and exploitation
views.
About this manual

This manual's purpose is to make you familiar in a fast way with your new software. You will learn how to install it, how
to start and use its features. Here you can find:
Information regarding the application environment;
A brief description of each of the program's functions;
An overview about how to create an Advance Design project;
A few tutorials which will help you understand the Advance Design work process.
Contact Graitec
In ? menu, access:
"Technical support": after you have saved your current model, this command sends the archived model to the
technical support department through your default mail application;
"Graitec advantages...": (only if an internet connection is available) to access "Graitec Advantages" web page
dedicated to Graitec customers with a maintenance contract, giving access to updates and support information;
"About...": to display a window where you can find links to Graitec website and to Graitec email address.
Chapter 1
Advance Design installation
This chapter provides information regarding the Advance Design

general requirements and installation steps. It describes in detail the
installation procedures for a one user version and for a network
utilization of the program.
You can find here also information regarding the application launching
methods and the Advance Design files management in your computer.
In this chapter:
General requirements
Installation
Security configuration
Uninstalling
Start Advance Design
Advance Design file and folder
management
General requirements
Hardware configuration
A PC computer or compatible equipped with a Pentium IV processor (or equivalent)
512 MB RAM memory (1024 MB recommended)
At least 150 MB space available on the hard drive for installation
A CD-ROM reader
Windows compatible graphics adapter (128 MB video RAM recommended)
Windows compatible printer or plotter with supplied drivers
Mouse
Software configuration
Operating System: Windows 2000 Pro or XP Pro (or newer)
Screen resolution: 1024 x 768
24 bit color palette recommended
Installation
Before installing Advance Design, you must:
Under Windows 2000 or XP, make sure that you have administrator rights
Close all opened applications
Make sure that the provided security key is in place
Installing a version for one user

1.
Insert the Advance Design CD-ROM in the reader
2.
The setup program starts automatically and the following dialog box is displayed:
Note:
If the starting screen doesn't appear automatically after introducing the CD-ROM in the reader, double
click on "Setup.exe" to launch the installation.
3.
To install Advance Design click on "SETUP". The installation starts automatically:
Follow the steps proposed by the installation wizard. Click on "Next" to continue:
4.
Read the license agreement. Click on "Yes" to accept the terms and continue the installation:
5.
If you want to change the installation path, click on "Browse". Click on "Next" to continue:
6.
Wait a few moments while the Advance Design is installed on your computer. When finished, the following
window is displayed:
7.
Click on "Finish". Advance Design installation is complete. Before launching the application, make sure to
configure properly the security settings (see page 11).
Note:
As an administrator of the computer on which Advance Design has been installed, you must configure the
program's utilization rights for other users. The users that log in on the same computer should have full
read / write rights in "Projects" and "Resources" folders found in the Advance Design installation directory
(Program Files / Graitec / Advance Design).
Each user of the same computer must configure the security settings for Advance Design (as shown on
page 11), as the system configuration differs for each user that log in to the computer.
Installing a network version

Using Advance Design in a local network allows:
The utilization of a number of N licenses simultaneously on a single security key
The installation of Advance Design on a workstation connected to a server without using the installation CD-ROM
For a network installation of the program a NETHASP security key is required.

What is a NETHASP key?
A NETHASP key is a security key designed for network utilization. This key is connected to the server and allows
the simultaneous utilization of the program by a N number of workstations.
In this example there are 18 workstations connected to a server. 6 licenses have been acquired, thus only 6
workstations can use the program simultaneously. At any moment, a user may decide to quit the work session on
its station. Consequently, another user can start a new session of the program on another station, with the
condition that the total number of work sessions does not exceed the number of acquired licenses.
Note:
The number of acquired licenses is memorized on the provided security key, which is connected to the
server.
How to install a NETHASP key?

The steps below must be performed by the network administrator only:
1.
Connect the NETHASP key to the server. Check if the network connections work properly.
2.
Install the HASP drivers on the server, as follows:

From the Advance Design CD-ROM, launch protection \ hasp \ Drivers \ Windows 32-bit, 64-bit \
HASP4 \ hdd32.exe
The installation application for the NETHASP drivers opens in a window:
Click on "Next" to read the license agreement

Click on "Install" and wait while the drivers are being installed
Click on "Finish" to exit when the installation is done
3.
Install the NETHASP License Manager application. This application allows the communication between
Advance Design and the NETHASP security key and manages the software utilization by the workstations in
the network. Proceed as follows:
From the Advance Design CD-ROM, launch protection \ hasp \ SERVERS \ Win32 \ lmsetup.exe
The installation application for the NETHASP LM opens in a window:
Click on "Next" to read the license agreement

Click again on "Next" and, in the following screen, select the desired installation type:
Click on "Next" and follow the steps proposed by the installation wizard. The HASP LM application is
installed automatically.
When the installation is done, click on "Finished".
Note:
The HASP License Manager application must be active in order to make the NETHASP
security key available for the network.
An icon on the taskbar notifies when the HASP License Manager is active. Double click on it if you want
to maximize the application window:
4.
10
Restart the server. After that, the workstations of the network can start to use Advance Design, while the
HASP License Manager installed on the server manages the license protection.
Security configuration
Advance Design is protected by a security device represented by a HASP key. The security key specifies the license
content (the program modules, the utilization period, the number of utilization licenses etc.) for the Graitec Advance
Design software that you acquired. Thus, the utilization of Advance Design is possible only if the security key provided
with the software package is correctly installed and configured.
There are two types of security keys:
HASP key for a single user installation (see page 3). This key must be connected to the port of the computer on
which you want to use the software.
NETHASP key for a network installation and utilization of the program (see page 6). This key must be connected
to the port of the network's server. It allows a simultaneous utilization of the program by a defined number of
workstations.
After the installation of Advance Design, it is necessary to configure the application security settings:
From Windows Start menu, access Programs > Graitec > Advance Design > Security. The following dialog
box is displayed:
Select the protection type corresponding to the type of key that you acquired:
None: to disable the security system detection
HASP: if the software is protected by a HASP key
NETHASP (local): if the software is protected by a NETHASP key connected to the local port of the
computer without using the network connection
NETHASP: if the software is protected by a NETHASP key connected to the network server
For the HASP and NETHASP (local) keys, the port detection is automatic. However, in the case when you have
other security keys connected to your computer, it is necessary to select the port for the software's protection
system. In this case, select the corresponding option from the "Port" combo-box.
To view the application contents provided with the current security level, click on "License content..." button
In the case when you receive a new version of the program or some modules of the program that you haven't
acquired at the first installation, it is necessary to update the security system with the new confidential codes. In
this case, fill in the following fields:
Modules: input the codes corresponding to the new acquired modules
Time: the security keys are valid for a certain number of days. In the case of extending the utilization period
of the program, input in the "Time" field the provided specific code
License: the network security keys allow the simultaneous access of a N number of licenses. When you want
to increase / decrease the number of licenses, it is necessary to update the security system as follows:
1.
2.
3.
Enable the "License" field of the "Security" dialog box by connecting the NETHASP key to the local port
of the computer and choosing the "NETHASP (local)" protection type.
In the "License" field, input the code corresponding to the program and click on "Apply"
Connect the NETHASP key to the network server and select the "NETHASP" protection type for the
local workstation.
11
Uninstalling
1.
In Windows Start menu, choose Settings > Control Panel.
2.
Double-click on Add/Remove Programs.
3.
Select Advance Design and click on Change/Remove.
4.
Click on OK.
5.
Check Remove box and click on Next to continue.
6.
Click on OK.
7.
Click on Finish.
Start Advance Design

You can launch Advance Design using various methods:
From Windows Start menu, choose Programs. Select Graitec menu and click on the Advance Design submenu.
You can also double-click on the Advance Design icon on your desktop.
After launching Advance Design, you can:
Start a new project:
From menu: choose File > New
From Standard toolbar: click on
Press Ctrl + N keys
Open an existing project:
From menu: choose File > Open
Press Ctrl + O keys
To start another work session simultaneously:
Double-click on an existing .fto file from its disk location
Double-click on the Advance Design icon on your desktop
Advance Design file and folder management

For each launching, Advance Design creates by default an *.fto file and a correspondent folder - containing three
subordinate folders named "data", "document" and "result". After saving the project, you should not delete any of those
folders, because they contain all the project's data and settings.
12
Chapter 2
Project management
The content of this chapter refers to the Advance Design project
configuration and management. You will discover how to create a new
project, how to save it and also how to define the project general
parameters.
In this chapter:
Creating a project
Localization
Project configuration
Import/Export
Saving the project
Creating a project
You can create a new Advance Design project as follows:
From menu: choose File > New
Press Ctrl + N keys to launch the "New..." command
icon
Localization
To select the regulation used for the model calculation:
1.
Launch the Advance Design application
2.
From menu: choose File > Close to close the current project
3.
From menu: choose File > Configuration. The following dialog box is displayed:
4.
Select from the available combo-boxes the seismic, reinforced concrete and steelwork design regulations that you
want to use in the Advance Design projects
5.
Click "OK" to validate and exit the dialog box
14
Project configuration
For each new created Advance Design file, the starting screen displays a dialog box where you can type general
information about your project and configure the general structure hypotheses. Press "Next" to go to the next section,
then "Finish" to apply the settings and close the window:
1.
In the "Project settings" window you can enter information which will appear in any report note: "Name", "Set",
"Address", "City", "N" (the project's reference number); "Phase", "Date".
To fill in with new information afterwards, you can display the "Project settings" dialog box as follows:
From menu: choose File > Project settings
In the Pilot: right-click on "Model" and choose from its context menu "Project settings..."
Press the "List of parties to the project" button and the following window appears:
List of parties to the project: you may name the party's function in the "Function" field. For each party to the
project you can add general information in the corresponding fields (company, service, contact, address, city,
telephone, fax, email)
15
Logo: you can insert a BMP image representing a logo:

typing the path to its disk location
pressing
button to browse for the image file
These data will be inserted in the calculation report's cover sheet if you check the "Shown in cover sheet" option.
Click on "OK" button to apply settings and close this window.
2.
Click the "Next" button and the "Hypotheses - Structure" window is displayed. Here you can define the general
structure configuration.
Workspace
Choose the workspace type as:

plane - if the loads are considered in plane with the structure;
grid - the loads are perpendicular to the structure;
3D - the structure is three-dimensional and the loads can be applied on any direction.
"Structure stiff under flexure": check this box if the model's structure has bending stiffness. For structures
composed of elements that do not pick up flexure (truss elements, membranes), this option must be inactive.
You can choose a default view on the workspace (only for 3D workspace type).
Characteristics
"Reference temperature": you can enter a value (in Celsius degrees) to define the reference temperature for
the structure's elements.
"Default material": choose the default material for the model's structure as follows:
Choose one material type from the combo-box, or
Click on
icon to open the "Materials" dialog box. Select one material type from the list or press
"Libraries >>" button to choose another material type (see page 72 for details):
16
You can modify the default structure settings afterwards:

From menu: choose Hypotheses > Structure
In the Pilot: right-click on "Model" and choose from its context menu "Used materials..." command (see
page 72 for details).
Working units
Press "Modify" button: a new window appears, where you can choose the working units for your model:
Click on each cell from "Type" and "Precision" columns to access combo-boxes with different options, from
where you can select the unit type and its decimal precision.
You can also:

Define a style considering a certain working units configuration pressing the "New..." button;
Rename an existing style pressing "Rename..." button;
Delete a selected style pressing "Delete..." button.
Press "Apply" to apply settings and "Close" to exit the "Working units definition" dialog box.
17
Import/Export
Advance Design can import and export files from / to other Graitec programs.
Import files in Advance Design

From menu: choose File > Import. A list of options opens:
Effel Structure files (*.eff) and Archive files (*.do4)
Advance Concrete files (*.sta)
Advance Steel files (*.sdnf)
Arche Building Structure files (*.st2 and *.ae)
Skewer model files (*.do4)
Graitec Exchange Files (.gtc)
Graitec IFC Structures (*.ifc)
DXF files (*.dxf)
An *.xml file containing systems of elements
An *.xml file containing exploitation data
A .txt file containing points coordinates
Export files from Advance Design

From menu: choose File > Export. A list of options opens:
Effel Structure files (*.eff)
Effel Experts files (*.ef2). In this case, the export can be done only if the calculation of the
analysis model is ready
Advance Concrete files (*.sta)
Graitec Exchange Files (.gtc)
Graitec IFC Structures (*.ifc)
SDNF files (*.sdnf)
An *.xml file containing structure systems
An *.xml file containing exploitation data
18
Saving the project
Saving a new project:
From menu: choose File > Save as. A dialog box opens where you can type the file name and choose its
location on your disk.
Saving the project:
From menu: choose File > Save or use the shortcut Ctrl + S
To configure the .fto file save parameters: access from the menu Options > Application. The "Options Application" dialog box appears. In the "Folders" tab you can make the following settings:
Specify the location of the folder for the saved .fto files. Two options are available. You can:
1.
Use the OMD platform settings;
2.
Specify a work directory on your disk: press the
button to browse for a specific location.
Configure the automatic save interval of your file: type a value for the automatic save frequency (in
minutes).
19
Chapter 3
Advance Design environment
Advance Design is compatible with Windows environment. You can
customize its workspace and control its functions using the Windows
shortcuts.
In this chapter:
Main screen description

Menus
Toolbars
Display the environment elements
Views management
Workspace configuration
Main screen description
Pilot
Menu bar
Properties window
22
Coordinate system symbol
Toolbars
Command line
Graphic area
Status bar
Cursor
Menu bar
You can access the program commands scrolling the drop-down menus on
the menu bar. The menus are listed from left to right considering the order of
the work process steps.
Toolbars
You can easily display, hide or move toolbars to any location on the program
window. Some toolbars become active only during a certain step in the work
process, such as Modeling (in the Model mode), Analysis - Hypotheses,
Analysis - F.E Results (in the Analysis mode).
Graphic area
Represents the design and display area, with its own context menu. It can be
divided up to 4 simultaneous viewports.
Indicates the global coordinate system orientation. Each of its axes has a
different color: red for X, green for Y and blue for Z.
Pilot
A main control center for Advance Design - the pilot helps you access the
program commands easier and offers a tree representation of the project,
with its three steps: Model, Analysis and Document.
Properties window
In this window you can view and modify the objects properties (objects may
be: structure, calculation or geometry elements). The properties are
categorized and displayed in a tree-shape.
Command line
The command line informs you about the status of an action or suggests
different options allowing you to end the operation successfully. You can also
use the command line for drawing / transforming objects (typing the
parameters in the dialog area). The command line contains three tabs:
Status bar
"Information" - displays a list of executed actions;
"Errors" - reports errors;
"Edit" - intermediates the dialog between user and application.
Displays detailed info about an icon when the cursor is positioned above. It
contains buttons through which you can configure certain parameters, such
as: snap modes, tooltips content, coordinate system, working units.
23
Cursor
In the graphic area, a hand-shaped element
represents the default mouse pointer. Considering the current
operation, the mouse pointer takes different shapes:
Using the mouse scroll
Use the mouse scroll up and down for zoom in or zoom out the
area where the cursor is positioned
Zoom +/-
Zoom in / zoom out

Zooming the selection
Zoom Window*
Zoom the selection in

Zoom the selection out
With the zoom window tool activated: drag from right to left to zoom in or drag from left to right to zoom
the selection out. During those operations, you will notice that the cursor changes its shape.
Panning all
Zoom
Translation (panning)*
Horizontal panning
Vertical panning
Free rotation.
Rotation*
Rotation around the camera's Z axis.

Rotation around the camera's X axis.
Rotation around the camera's Y axis.
To switch between the different modes of translation and rotation, select the corresponding icon from
the toolbar and press Tab key. During those operations, you will notice that the cursor changes its
shape.
Draw
Cut
Subdivide
Edit objects
Trim or extend
Move an extremity of the object
Move
Move the whole object
24
Menus
Menu bar
You can access Advance Design commands using the menu bar available at the top of drawing area. It contains 11
drop-down menus, which you can display as follows:
Click the menu to unwind it and choose a command by clicking on its name;
Press Alt key while typing the underlined letter in the menu name. For example, press Alt + F to access File
menu. With the arrow keys you can move through the menu list and press Enter to access the chosen command.
For menu commands with underlined letters: first access the menu list, then press the underlined letter to access
the specified command. For example, press Alt + F to access File menu, then press O to access "Open"
command.
When a menu command appears disabled means that it is not
accessible at the moment.
A menu command followed by an arrow means that an associated

commands list is available. Keep the cursor above the command
name for a moment to display the subordinate list of commands.
File menu
Contains commands of file management (open, close, save...) and project
configuration.
Edit menu
With edit commands you can control the work steps (undo / redo) and the objects
operations (measure; select; configure parameters).
25
Display menu
Gives you access to commands through which you can choose
the interface components, define the workplane, create a zoom
and configure the display style.
Generate menu
Contains commands for the creation of elements and loading the
structure.
Modify menu
Contains commands that allow you to transform and modify the
model's elements.
Hypotheses menu
From this menu you can access commands that allow you to
configure the parameters of descriptive and analysis model
(structure, loads combinations and envelopes, analysis types,
concrete and steel calculation hypotheses).
26
Analyze menu
In Analysis mode, this group of commands allows you to verify your model, calculate
and configure the results display.
Documents menu
Contains calculation notes commands (gives access to the Report Generator).
Options menu
Includes commands referring to the file path and save options, mesh type and
working units' settings.
Tools menu
Gives access to different commands useful for additional configuration, as counting
the structure elements and configuring the calculation sequences.
Help menu
Allows you to access help commands and information links.
Context menu
This type of menu allows a fast access to certain commands that are available in the menu bar as well. You can
display context menus when you right-click on different areas of the application environment. For example:
Right-click on the edge of the drawing area: displays the list of interface components;
Right-click in the drawing area: displays a menu containing specific commands for each step of the model design
(generating elements, calculation) and general commands of working with objects (selection; zoom etc).
For each action performed in the drawing area, the context menu contains commands that help you work easier
with the application. For example: "Finish" command cancels any command you have accessed (its function is
identical with the Esc key's).
Right-click on the selected object: displays a list of commands associated to object modifications and creation
tools (move, copy, cut, input elements on selection etc).
Right-click in the Pilot: displays a list of commands specific to the current working mode. Each item from the Pilot
has a specific context menu.
27
Toolbars
You can access Advance Design commands using toolbars, which can be easily displayed or hidden. You can access
toolbars:
From menu: choose Display > Toolbars
From context menu: right-click on the edge of the drawing area and select the toolbar you want to display.
Each toolbar contains icons corresponding to a specific group of commands.

Icons with a black triangle on the bottom-right corner are flyouts.
Keep the icon pressed to display the list of subordinate icons.
Advance Design toolbars can be displayed as floating (located anywhere in the drawing area) or docked (attached to
any edge of the drawing area). Therefore, you can organize and anchor them anywhere in the program's environment.
Double-click on the upper-side of a toolbar to dock or undock it.
Advance Design toolbars description

Standard
New
Open
Save
E-mail
Print preview
Print
Undo
Redo
Display/hide the pilot
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Modeling
Save view
Create a point
Create a line
Create an arc by 3 points
Create a circle by center and radius
Create a linear element
Create chained linear elements
Create a vertical linear element by 1 point
Create a horizontal linear element by 2 points
Create a planar element
Create a vertical planar element by 2 points
Create a horizontal planar element
Create a rigid point support
Create an elastic point support
Create a T/C point support
Create a rigid linear support
Create an elastic linear support
Create a T/C linear support
Create a rigid planar support
Create an elastic planar support
Create a T/C planar support
Create a windwall element
Create a point load
Create a linear load
Create a planar load
The combo that contains all the model's static load cases
Verify
Analysis - Hypotheses
Save view
Create a point
Create a line
Create an arc by 3 points
Create a circle by center and radius
Create a DOF restraint
Create a DOF constraint
Launch and display the mesh
Expert check
Display "Calculation sequence" dialog box
29
Filters and selection
Selection mode
Selection by criteria
Invert selection
Filter
Ghost display on selection
Display all
Zoom and views
Front View (Alt + 1)

Top View (Alt + 3)
View (-1, -1, -1) (Alt + 4)
Display or hide the workplane (F7)
Zoom +/Zoom window
Zoom all
Translation (panning)
Rotation around the model
Return to previous view
Predefined views
Ortho projection or perspective

No Split (dividing of the graphic area): 1 view
Vertical Split : 2 views
Horizontal Split : 2 views
Split : 1 + 2 views
Split : 2 + 1 views
Split : 4 views
Front View (Alt + 1)
Right View (Alt + 2)
Top View (Alt + 3)
View (-1, -1, -1) (Alt + 4)
View (1, -1, 1) (Alt + 5)
View (-1, -1, 1) (Alt + 6)
View (-1, 1, 1) (Alt + 7)
Facing the workplane
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Workplane
Display or hide the workplane (F7)

Cartesian/polar workplane
Define the workplane by projection on the active view
Define the workplane by 3 points
Define the workplane: point + normal
Center the workplane on the model
Move the workplane by altitude
Snap modes
Enable / Disable
Endpoint
Midpoint
Intersection
Center
Nearest
Perpendicular
Parallel
Extension mode
Tracking mode
Ortho mode
Relative mode
CAD Modifications
Copy
Move
Symmetries
Extrusion of a linear element
Plane symmetry (mirror) / Axial symmetry
Rotation (Input angle)
Subdividing
Cut
Trim or extend
Create a fillet
Create openings
Delete openings
Allowed deformation
Convert lines to linear elements
Convert lines to planar elements
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Rendering
Axes
Axes with section
Profiles
Linear contour
Covered faces
Ghost display
Animation
Add a camera
Display / hide cameras
Launch animation
Create an .AVI file
Animation...
Analysis - F.E. Results
Save view
Select the result type
Available results for linear and for planar elements
List of available load case
Create the exploitation
Results settings
Color Map configuration
Dynamic contouring
Animation
Result curves
Display Analysis - Reinforced Concrete Results toolbar
Display Analysis - Steel Results toolbar
Display the descriptive model (F10)
32
Analysis - Reinforced Concrete Results
Save view
Available results for linear and for planar elements
Results settings
Dynamic contouring
Animation
Result curves
Analysis - Steel Results
Save view
Available results for steel linear elements
Results settings
Shape sheets
Optimization results
Dynamic contouring
Result curves
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Display the environment elements

Pilot
Command access
From menu: choose Display > Components > Pilot;
Right-click on the edge of the drawing area and choose "Pilot" from the displayed list;
Click on
Double-click on Pilot's upper side to dock / undock it on the edge of the drawing area.
icon placed on Standard toolbar to display / hide the Pilot;
Using the Pilot
To move between the three work steps, click on their corresponding icon. The
pilot's content will be different for each work step.
Click on the button placed near each item containing subordinate elements to
expand (+) or collapse (-) the associated list.
Double-click on the descriptive model components to hide or display them.
Right-click on any of the pilot's tree elements and a context
menu appears, from which you can choose different
options, many of them specific to the current mode (Model,
Analysis or Document).
Note:
Notice the aspect of the three icons from the Pilot:

A blue icon shows that the corresponding mode is active and up to date;
A shaded icon shows that the corresponding mode is inactive;
A red icon means that the content of the corresponding working mode is outdated (and it is necessary
to recalculate the model or update its documents).
34
Properties window
Command access
From menu: choose Display > Components > Properties;
Right-click on the edge of the drawing area and choose "Properties" from the displayed list;
Using the Properties window
Double-click on Properties window's upper side to dock / undock it on the edge of the drawing area.
You can configure the Properties window's display mode using the "Keep visible" icon placed on its upper side:
: it means that the Properties window will be displayed permanently;
Press the icon
Press again the "Keep visible" icon

model's element is selected.
: this means that the Properties window will appear only when a
This combo-box contains selection criteria for the properties displayed in this
window:
"F.E. properties": displays only the properties of linear / planar elements
related to the finite elements hypotheses (material, section, thickness,
meshing, behavior type)
"Reinforced concrete properties": displays only the properties of
concrete linear / planar elements related to the reinforced concrete
design
"Steel properties": displays only the properties of steel linear elements
related to the steel design
"All properties": displays all available properties of the selected element
"User": enables the user-defined filter for the displayed properties. In this
icon to open a dialog box in which you can select, for
case, press on
each type of element, the categories of attributes to display in the
properties window:
This area displays a description of the active cell's content from the
properties list. Right-click on the edges of the Properties window and you
can choose from the context menu to hide / display this area.
The Properties window contains data (name, ID number, different parameters) of the selected elements. If
multiple elements of the same type are selected, the properties window displays only their common data.
35
Status bar
Command access
From menu: choose Display > Components > Status bar;
Right-click on the edge of the drawing area and choose "Status bar" from the displayed list.
Using Status bar
Status bar displays on its left side information about objects and actions:
Place the cursor above a toolbar icon and a description of it will be displayed in the status bar;
Displays the name of the performing operation (launching the mesh, calculating etc) and the program's
current status.
Status bar contains the following configuration buttons, placed on its right side:
Select the snap mode
To enable / disable snap modes: just click on the icon or right-click on the same icon
and choose enable / disable from the context menu;
To choose the snap modes: double-click on the icon or choose "Properties" from the
context menu to open the "Snap modes" dialog box:
Tooltips configuration
Object tooltips represent floating information dynamically displayed while the object is
touched by the mouse cursor;
For the object's tooltip display: just click on the icon or right-click on the same icon and
choose enable / disable from the context menu;
To add / remove data types to be displayed in the tooltip: double-click on the same icon and
select the information categories from the displayed dialog box:
Current coordinate system selection
To activate this button you must hide the workplane first, pressing
icon from the
Workplane toolbar.
Double-click on this button to display a dialog box where you can choose an existing
coordinate system or create a new one:
Those buttons refer to current working units (length, force, moments, weight and angle).
Double-click on any of them to display the dialog box where you can choose the working
units.
36
Command line
Command access
From menu: choose Display > Components > Command line;
Right-click on the edge of the drawing area and choose "Command line" from the displayed list;
Double-click on the upper side of the command line window to dock / undock it on the edge of the drawing area.
Using the command line

The command line has three main functions, corresponding to the three tabs:
"Information": displays a list of executed actions:
"Errors": notifies errors:
"Edit": intermediates the dialog between user and application. With this function you can draw, move, copy etc.
objects typing parameters in the dialog area of the command line:
37
Views management
Zoom
Command access
From menu: choose Display > Zoom, unwind the associated list of commands and choose a zoom function;
From the selected objects' context menu (you can zoom the view on the selected object choosing from context
menu "Zoom / Selection" command);
From Zoom and views toolbar.
From mouse functions: you can use the mouse scroll for a target zoom: scroll up and down to zoom in or zoom
out the area where the cursor is positioned. Click on the mouse scroll-wheel once to access the panning zoom
command or twice to access the "Zoom all" command.
From keyboard: you can use keyboard shortcuts to access zoom commands (Alt + W for "Zoom window"; Alt + A
for "Zoom all" etc). The shortcuts for each zoom command are displayed in the menu (next to the command
name) or in the zoom icons tooltip.
Using Zoom toolbar

Each zoom tool may be used in different ways; for some functions of the zoom tools you will notice that the mouse
cursor changes its shape, as shown below:
Zoom +/(Ctrl + / Ctrl -)
Drag from right to left to zoom in or drag from left to right to zoom
the selection out.
Zoom window
(Alt + W)
Drag the selection window from left to right to zoom the

selection in.
Drag the selection window from right to left to zoom the
selection out.
Zoom all (Alt + A)

Translation (Panning)*
(Alt + P)
Displays all the objects from the drawing area.

Moves the view on horizontal and vertical directions.
Moves the view horizontally.
Moves the view vertically.
Rotation around the model*

(Alt + R)
Free rotation.
Rotation around the camera's Z axis.
Rotation around the camera's X axis.
Rotation around the camera's Y axis.
Return to previous view

(Alt + U)
38
Displays the previous view of the workplane.
To switch between the different modes of translation and rotation, select the corresponding icon on the Zoom and views toolbar and press the
Tab key. During those operations, you will notice that the cursor changes its shape.
View types
You can view your model from different angles and perspectives, in one or more windows at a time, each window
containing a different view of your model. A window containing a specific view of the workspace is called a viewport.
How to work with viewports:
To create multiple viewports:
Use the icons from Predefined views toolbar
Press Ctrl + Space
To activate a viewport simply click in its area.
You can view the effects of interactive actions (such as draw, select, move elements etc) in multiple viewports at
the same time.
You ca start to draw an element in one viewport and continue in another one.
You can configure different display types for each viewport; for example: you can choose different rendering
styles, hide the workplane in one viewport and display it in other, etc.
Example of working in multiple viewports:
39
Predefined views
You can change the view of the workplane using a set of predefined views.
Command access
From menu: choose Display > Predefined views
From Predefined views toolbar: click on the icon corresponding to the view you want to set
From keyboard: you can use the arrow keys (while the rotation zoom tool is active)
Click on the coordinate system symbol placed on the bottom-left corner of the drawing area
Predefined views toolbar

1.
Ortho projection or perspective: You can obtain an ortho or a perspective view of the objects in the drawing area:
Ortho view
Perspective view
40
2.
Split views: You can use those icons to obtain a single viewport of the model or a split view with multiple
viewports (horizontally, vertically, in two, three or four splits, as shown in the icon's image).
Example of a four-split view:
3.
Plan and 3D views: Click on those icons to rotate the view in different angles. You can choose the view you want
(from left, right, top, bottom etc.) by the blue-colored side of the icon's shape. Examples:
Right view
41
3D view (-1, -1, -1)
Note:
"Front view", "Top view" and "(-1, -1, -1) view" are accessible from Zoom and views toolbar as well.
4.
Facing the workplane: Click this icon to display a plane front view of the workspace.

The main function of the coordinate system symbol is to inform you about the model position in the global coordinate
system. When you rotate the view, the coordinate system symbol changes its orientation, informing you about the
model position.
3D views
When you place the cursor above any of the coordinate system symbol's axes, a tooltip informs you about the
direction of the view rotation:
You can change the view position from the coordinate system symbol by clicking on one of its arrows. The coordinate
system symbol's position will change as shown below:
Plane views
42
Display management
Display styles
Command access
From menu: choose Display > Display settings...
From keyboard: press Alt + X
Modify the display style
General options
You can choose the objects' display mode by: axes; axes with section or profiles.
Click on "Rendering options" button to display the "Rendering" dialog box (see page 44).
Colors
You can choose the objects' display color by certain categories listed in the existing combo-box, such as
element family, system, material, section etc. Check the "Colors legend" option to display a color legend
corresponding to the chosen category on the bottom-left side of the drawing area.
"Highlight on mouse over": use this option to obtain a better visualization of the objects. When enabled, the
objects placed on the cursor trajectory are highlighted.
"Local axes on selection": you can choose to view the local axes of the elements when they are selected.
You can define the "Symbol size" and "Text size" for the objects displayed in the working area on a range
between a minimum and a maximum given value, using the sliding cursor.
"Fixed loads scale": check this option to define the loads scale at a fixed size (the size of the heaviest load).
43
Special options
Select an object type from the left panel to configure its accessibility and display options:
Each object type may be "visible" (displayed in the drawing area) and "selectable" (to be able to select
elements from the drawing area).
From the "Symbol" combo-box you can choose, for each object type, a specific element which will be
displayed with the correspondent object, whether this is selected or not. For example, you can assign as
symbols:
Local axis for linear elements
Meshing for planar elements
Annotations: click on "+" button and a new dialog box appears, from which you can choose different
annotations to be displayed with the model's elements:
Apply the settings shown in this dialog box on linear

elements and their annotation will appear in this manner:
You can choose an annotation from the "Available attributes" list or you can type in the "Annotation text"
box any text you want to be displayed with the selected object;
You can also define the annotation text position using the "Horizontal" and "Vertical" combo-boxes;
Press the colored rectangle and a dialog box appears where you can choose a color for the annotation
text.
44
Only for loads: with the "Loads scale" slider you can define the scale of each type of load between a
minimum and a maximum value.
Create a display style

You can create a display style by a custom configuration of display parameters using the style options from the upper
side of the "Display settings" dialog box:
After defining a display configuration using the display options, press the "New" button placed on the upper side
of the dialog box, and another window is displayed:
Type the new style's name.
Press "Save" button to finish.
To use a previous saved style: just select it from the styles combo-box.
To rename a display style: select it and press "Rename" button. Type the new name in the displayed dialog box:
To delete an existing style: select the style from the list and click on "Delete" button.
Tip:
To return to the default display settings, click on "Default values" button.
45
CAD display settings

Command access
From menu: choose Display > Display settings... to open the "Display settings" dialog box, then click on
"Advanced options" button
Press Alt + C
Configuration
General
46
Views
To choose a color for the workspace background: click on the colored rectangle. The Windows color
palette is displayed. Select a color (or create a custom one) and click "OK" to apply.
Check the "Gradient" option to obtain a gradient effect for the background's color.
"Embed the mini console in the view": check this option to view the active coordinates display in the working
area during the objects modeling:
"Expected frame-rate": refers to the number of frames per second displayed during the model manipulation.
You can choose a number between 0 and 64 frames per second for the model's display speed.
CAD
"Sensibilities (in pixels)": the sensitivity number for snap and selection refers to the distance between the
mouse cursor and object from which the object is selected or from which the snap operation is possible. This
distance will increase, as the input value is higher.
"Minimum distance between 2 points": two points are considered indistinct if the distance that separates
them is inferior to the input value.
"Simplified representation": check this option to obtain a simplified rendering of the structure (only by axes).
With this command, the model's rendering occupies less space in the program's memory; you can gain thus
more speed for the calculation of very complex models.
Cameras
You can configure here the workplane camera parameters:
"Share the same camera mode between different views": you can configure here the visualization mode in
multiple viewports;
"Display orbit during rotations": you can choose to display the orbit during the rotation actions. This feature gives
an easier access to the rotation function:
Click inside the orbit for a free rotation around the model.
Click on the orbit snaps (marked with triangle shapes) to rotate

in a plan perpendicular to the view.
Click outside the orbit to rotate in a plan parallel to the view.
Dynamic transitions:
Define the number of frames for predefined transitions (for example: using predefined views);
You can choose a value for the mouse scroll zooming frame-rate;
You can input values for the view plan's margins re-framing (on horizontal and vertical);
You can configure the camera cut-planes limits (modifying the values for the distances before and after the view
plane);
Choose a value for the angle of the perspective view on the workspace (from 0 to 120).
47
Lighting
48
Intensities
"Ambient": you can configure the objects' luminosity;
"Diffuse": you can define the transparency degree of the object illumination (from opaque to transparent);
"Specular": modifies the degree of light reflection on objects.
You can define the position of the light source (in the coordinate system bound to the observer) by latitude and
longitude.
Rendering settings
Command access
Access the "Display settings" dialog box as shown on page 38. In this window: click on "Rendering options"
button to display the "Rendering" dialog box.
You can access rendering commands from Rendering toolbar:
Using the rendering commands:

1.
From the dialog box:

"Rendering type": check one of the rendering
options. You can preview the effect in the right
panel image.
"Ghost mode": defines a spectral display of

the structure.
Check the "Illumination / Shading" option then
you can adjust the intensity and transparency
of
the
objects
display
sliding
the
corresponding cursor.
2.
From Rendering toolbar, you have an easy access to rendering commands, as shown below:
Profiles
Axes
Note:
Axes with section
Linear contour
Covered faces
Ghost display
You can combine the rendering modes to obtain different rendering effects.
49
Workspace configuration
Coordinate systems
Description
Coordinate systems are space-oriented axes systems with origin and orientation defined after given parameters.
By default, there is a given global coordinate system.
The coordinate system representation consists in a three axes figure. Each of those axes has a different color:
red for X, green for Y and blue for Z.
There are three types of coordinate systems:

Global
World Coordinate
coordinate system.
System:
the
reference
Workplane Coordinate System: there is a local

coordinate system associated to the workplane.
Local
Also, each element of structure has a local

coordinate system defined by its axes orientation.
User-defined
User Coordinate System: you can create several

coordinate systems, with different origins and
orientations, and name them as you want.
Create an user-defined coordinate system

1.
2.
3.
50
Access the coordinate system creation command:
From menu: choose Generate > Coordinate system
In the Pilot: right-click on a system and choose from the context menu Generate an entity > Coordinate
system
In the drawing area: right-click and from the context menu: choose Generate an entity > Coordinate
system
Choose the coordinate system's origin:
Click in the drawing area on a chosen point
Input the coordinates in the command line (separated with a space) then press Enter
Select the coordinate system you have created and access its properties window:
In the "Identifier" field: you can view / modify the ID number
In the "Name" field: you can type a name for the user coordinate system
Choose the current coordinate system

icon from Workplane toolbar)
1.
Hide the workplane (press F7 key or click on
2.
On the status bar: double-click the coordinate system button and the "Coordinate system" dialog box opens:
3.
Select a coordinate system from the list (a user-defined system or the global system) and click "OK"
4.
To create a new user-defined coordinate system, click on "Create" button; the last created user-defined
coordinate system is set as current by default.
Modify the elements local axes

Select an element of structure and choose one of the following methods:
From its context menu: choose "Modify local axes" command. Notice the message displayed in the command
line: to change the object's local axes, click on the right mouse button:
The orientation of x and z axes changes using "Modify local axes" command.
From menu: choose Modify > Local axes. The selected element's local axes will change automatically.
51
Workplane
Description
The workplane represents the area designated for the drawing process. A workplane is associated with a grid (an
intersecting lines system used to guide the drawing process).
There are two types of workplanes:
Cartesian
Polar
Command access
From menu: choose Display > Workplane
You can also access the workplane commands from Workplane toolbar
In the drawing area: right-click and choose "Workplane On/Off"
Configuration
Define the workplane's parameters

You can select the workplane as shown below:
Place the mouse pointer on the workplane's axis and click.
52
The workplane is now selected.
Configure the workplane's parameters in the properties window, as follows:

Choose from combo-box the workplane's type (cartesian or polar)
Configure the workplane's division units (by X, Y axes for cartesian workplane
and by ray and angle for the polar workplane) and the subdivision's number for
each unit.
In this example, unit's dimension = 3 meters, and there are 10 subdivisions per
unit:
3 meters
You can also choose the workplane's type from the Workplane toolbar: press
cartesian / polar workplanes.
icon to switch between
Defining a workplane
You can define the workplane's position (relative to the global coordinate system) using the commands from
Workplane toolbar or from Display menu. During this time, the command line displays in the "Edit" tab the steps
you have to follow.
Define the workplane by projection on the active view
This command defines the workplane by the model position in the current view. A plan view of the workspace is
required. Click on
icon and the workplane is projected on the model. For example:
Before using the command.
Click on
icon to project the workplane on the

model.
Define the workplane by 3 points

icon;
Click on
With the cursor in the drawing area, click to define the workplane's origin;
Move the mouse pointer to choose the 0X axis and click to define its position;
Move the mouse pointer to choose the 0Y axis and click to define its position.
53
Define the workplane by 1 point + normal (by a defined vector)
Click on
icon;
Move the mouse pointer to choose the workplane's origin and click to define its position;
Choose the vector's start point and click;
Choose the vector's end point and click.
Adjust the workplane by the model

Use the "Center the workplane on the model" command (
For example:
54
) to adjust the workplane to the model's dimension.
a.
The model exceeds the workplane's margins:
b.
Use "Center the workplane on the model" command to extend the workplane:
Move the workplane by altitude

icon;
Click on
Type in the command line a value to define the workplane's altitude on 0Z axis;
Press Enter.
Chapter 4
Working steps
An Advance Design project building process has three major modes,
each one represented in the Pilot by Model, Analysis and Document
icons. Each mode has specific operations and a distinct role in the
model design:
In Model mode you can draw the model's elements, modify them,
input loads and define the analysis hypotheses;
The specific functions of Analysis mode include the meshing of

the structure by finite elements, the model calculation (by finite
element method, also reinforced concrete and/or steel elements
calculation) and the results exploitation;
In Document mode you can access calculation notes and

graphical view saved during the work process.
Once the model designing and analysis process are completed, you
can switch from one mode to another (clicking on the corresponding
icons placed on the Pilot) and make eventual corrections or changes.
In this chapter:
Model mode
Analysis mode
Document mode
Model mode
Components of the Model mode
The Model mode offers a tree-representation of the descriptive model components:
"Model" contains all the descriptive model elements grouped in three categories:
structure, loads and hypotheses. Each of these groups contains specific
elements and has particular context menus.
In "Structure" are placed all the structure elements of your model. Choose from
context menu Systems management > Create a subsystem to organize the
structure elements in subsystems.
"Loading" contains the load elements that you input on the structure
components. Loadings are organized in case families and in load cases.
"Hypotheses" allow you to access and configure structure and analysis
hypotheses, and to define different analysis types (static, dynamic...).
From "Envelopes": you can create and view envelopes of load cases by results
type, element type and other criteria.
"Combinations": contains combinations of load cases you may define or you
may load from existing combinations databases.
"Saved views" contains CAD views saved during the modeling process.
56
Organize the model's elements in the Pilot

Right-click on the "Structure" system in the Pilot and select "Systems management":
Click on "Create a subsystem" command, and a subordinate system is created. You can organize model's
elements in as many subordinate systems as you want, thus building a tree-structure of your model.
You can also press the F6 key while a system is selected to create a subordinate one.
To move model's elements in subordinate systems in the Pilot:
Use "drag-and-drop" method: select the elements and drag them to the system you want;
Use the element's context menu "Cut" and "Paste" commands (from the Pilot).
Tip:
Before drawing an element of structure, select the system where you want to place the element. All
the elements you create are placed in the current system, which is the selected system from the Pilot.
You can save the systems structure you have created using the "Export tree" command. A "Save as" dialog box
appears, where you can type the path and name for the .XML file containing the tree structure.
You can also import in the current project previously saved system trees with "Import tree" command.
You can choose to hide or display the systems using their context menu commands:
In the Pilot, right-click on a system and choose "Hide": all the elements of the selected system are invisible
in the drawing area. To display again the system's elements: right-click on the system and choose "Display".
To display in the graphic area only the elements of a system, hiding the others: in the Pilot select the
system, right-click and choose "Isolate".
To display all the elements of the structure (whether a system is isolated or a few systems are hidden): in the
Pilot right-click on any system and choose from the context menu "Display all".
Tip:
A color code allows you to identify the systems more easily:
Blue, for the last used system in which you have created /
modified elements;
Red, for the system corresponding to the selected elements

(if there is a selection).
57
Drawing principles
Command access
1.
In the Pilot, from the systems context menu: click on "Generate an entity" to display a list of commands, from
which you may choose the type of element you want to create;
2.
Right-click in the drawing area and choose from context menu "Generate an entity:
3.
Access Generate menu and choose the element you want to draw:
4.
From Modeling toolbar, choose the elements you want to create by their corresponding icon:
58
Drawing methods
1.
Select the object type you want to create as described above
2.
In the Pilot, select the system \ subsystem where the object will be located
3.
Configure the object's parameters in its properties list. Here you can configure various properties (type, material,
orientation, design attributes for concrete / steel elements etc)
Note:
4.
You can modify parameters after you have drawn the element: select it and configure its parameters in
the properties window.
Draw the object in the graphic area (placing the cursor in the workspace or typing its coordinates in the command
line). Notice that the cursor position coordinates are displayed on the upper-left corner of the drawing area.
Draw elements using the level settings
This function is related to the level parameters of each system found in "Model" from the Pilot (level
parameters can be configured in the systems' properties list).
To draw linear and planar elements using level parameters, you must use the horizontal and vertical element
types. To access the horizontal and vertical elements, unwind the icons list associated to the linear and
planar elements from Modeling toolbar:
Linear elements
Planar elements
General
General
Vertical
Vertical
Horizontal
Horizontal
Select the system you want and configure its parameters in the properties list as follows:
Note:
1.
Choose the level status as "Active".
2.
Type the level's top and bottom coordinates; from now, using the
horizontal and vertical element types, you can draw objects only
between the specified coordinates.
If the level settings are not configured or are inactive, the vertical and horizontal element types
behave like the general type.
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Draw elements using the command line

After you chose the element to create, check the command line's status. You'll see that the "Edit" tab is
active. You can create the element typing its parameters in the command line, as follows:
In 2D view: type the object's coordinates to define its

position on X Z axes:
For the first point: type the X axis coordinate values;

press Enter, and the first extremity of the object will
appear on the defined point on the workplane.
For the second point: type the Z coordinate values

and press Enter.
In 3D view: first hide the workplane (press F7 key).
Proceed with the same two steps as in 2D view,

except that you'll have to type 3 coordinate values:
for X, Y and Z axes.
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Note 1
To define the objects coordinates taking as

reference the cursor position in the drawing
area, type @ (relative snap) before the
coordinate values.
Note 2
From the drawing area's context menu, check

the "Length on element" option. This allows you
to draw an element taking as reference the
length of another object.
Seize objects using snap points

Description
Snap points provide a fast and easy way to draw objects. They consist in points with a fixed location on
objects' coordinates, such as intersection points, midpoints, extremity points etc.
Using snap points you can easier locate exact positions, helping you to draw objects more accurate.
Command access
From Snap modes toolbar:
On the status bar, double-click on
icon to open the "Snap modes" dialog box
You can also access "Snap modes" dialog box from the drawing area context menu:
While creating or handling objects, you can easily access the snap modes dialog box pressing Alt + S
keys.
To enable / disable the snap modes:
icon;
1.
From the Snap modes toolbar, click on
2.
From the status bar: click on

context menu;
3.
From the "Snap modes" dialog box, check / uncheck the "Active" option.
icon, or right-click on it and choose "Enable" / "Disable" from the
61
Using snaps
Make sure that the snap modes are active;
From "Snap modes" dialog box or from toolbar, select the snap modes you want;
Select a drawing tool (for example, a linear element);
Place the cursor above an object in the drawing area; you'll notice that the object's axis becomes
highlighted, and the selected snap points appear as a specific symbol.
Each snap mode specifies a defined point on object's coordinates, as follows:
Snap point
Note:
Description
Endpoint
Snaps to the object's extremities
Midpoint
Snaps to the mid point of a segment
Intersection
Snaps to the intersection of two objects
Center
Snaps to the center of planar elements
Nearest
Snaps to the nearest point to the mouse cursor
Perpendicular
Snaps perpendicular to an object
Parallel
Snaps parallel to an object
Example
For perpendicular and parallel snap modes, you must draw first at least one object, to which you
may snap while drawing another element.
You can combine different snap modes and obtain multiple snap effects. For
example, combining parallel and midpoint snap modes, you can draw an object
parallel to another, and define the length of the object you draw at half distance of
the reference object:
You can use different snap mode styles:
62
Extension mode (F12)
Snaps to the intersection point of the virtual extended elements

(requires the "Intersection" snap "On")
Tracking mode (F11)
Snaps tracking each point between the extremities
Ortho mode (F8)
Snap to ortho directions (allows to snap on straight horizontal and

vertical lines)
Relative mode
Sets a relative snap (no limitations for the snap position)
Drawing the descriptive model's elements

There are three main categories of elements you can create: structure, calculation and geometric elements. You can
configure each object's parameters in the properties list:
When you access the drawing tool, before the element creation;
After you have drawn the element: select it and access its properties list.
Structure elements
Linear elements
Command access
From menu: choose Generate > Structure > Linear > Simple / Chained
From Modeling toolbar: click on
From the Pilot: right-click on a system and choose Generate an entity > Structure > Linear
In the drawing area: right-click and choose Generate an entity > Structure > Linear
Configuration
The properties available for the linear elements refer to the finite element characteristics (material, section,
orientation, relaxations, meshing etc) and design properties corresponding to the material type (concrete - see
page 171 and steel - see page 181). You can filter the displayed properties using the combo-box placed on the
upper side of the properties window.
You can view and configure here general information about the linear elements you create:
ID number; name, type (bar, short beam, variable beam, beam, tie, gap, cable), system ID.
You can also input observations regarding the element.
Place the cursor in this cell to display

icon; click on it to access the "Materials" dialog
box, where you can choose a material type and configure its properties.
Section type: type directly the section's name, if you know it, or click on
icon to
icon to open the "Defined" dialog box,
access the "Section libraries" dialog box or on
where you can configure the section's parameters.
Eccentricity: to define the element's offset, expand the list and choose a predefined offset
or type the parameters you want.
You can enter a value for linear element's orientation angle, and the ID number of a point to
which the linear element's orientation should refer.
You can lock / unlock the translations and rotations for the object's extremities on X, Y and Z
axes. Those settings are significant for the calculation step.
You can type here the value for the initial constraint (only for cable linear elements).
The meshing of the linear elements is defined after the global mesh settings (see page 124).
It is possible also to define locally the meshing parameters for each linear element using the
following options:
"Automatic": if active, the nodes are created at each intersection with the neighbored
elements. When inactive the element's meshing is solved internally, without creating
nodes with the intersecting elements.
You can also impose a meshing for the concerned linear element using the "Parameters"
fields (number, size, spacing and secondary size)
Refers to the system ID from which the linear element inherits the seismic behavior
characteristics (see page 105).
Check the "Active" box to define the linear element as supporting element for snow and wind
loads.
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Planar elements
Command access
From menu: choose Generate > Structure> Planar
From the Pilot: right-click on a system and choose Generate an entity > Structure > Planar
In the drawing area: right-click and choose Generate an entity > Structure > Planar
Configuration
The properties available for the planar elements refer to the finite element characteristic (material, thickness,
meshing etc) and the concrete design properties (see page 171).
You can view and configure here general information about the planar elements you
create: ID number; name, type (membrane, plate, shell, plane strain), system ID. You
can also input observations regarding the element.
Click on the icon to open the "Materials" dialog box and to choose the planar element's
material type.
You can configure here the planar element's thickness and its variation on x and y
slopes.
The meshing of the planar elements is defined after the global mesh settings (see
page 124). It is possible also to define locally the meshing parameters for each planar
element using the following options:
"Automatic": if active, the nodes are created at each intersection with the
neighbored elements. When inactive the element's meshing is solved internally,
without creating nodes with the intersecting elements.
"Type": refers to the meshing style of the concerned element considering the
global mesh type. Choose from the combo-box one of the following options:
1. "Complete": performs the complete meshing of the element by the global mesh
algorithm
2. "Triangulation": creates a triangular meshing using the global mesh algorithm
3. "None": the element is not meshed; the nodes are created at each vertex
"Density": defines the density of mesh elements by the combo-box options:

1. "Global": the mesh elements density is defined after the global mesh settings
(see page 124)
2. "Simplified": defines the meshing by X and Y sides in the "Simplified definition"
fields placed below
3. "Detailed": defines the meshing for each side of the planar element in the
"Detailed definition" fields placed below: (number, size, spacing and secondary
size)
Refers to the system ID from which the planar element inherits the seismic behavior
characteristics (see page 105).
Check the "Active" box to define the planar element as supporting element for snow
and wind loads.
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Structure assemblies
Vaults
You can create a set of consecutive linear or planar elements in an arc shape using the "Vault generator" dialog
box.
Command access
From menu: choose Generate > Structure > Vault generator > Linear vault / Planar vault. The
corresponding dialog box will open.
Configuration
Linear elements vaults
Define the dimension of vault for R (radius), A (span) and F (deflection); see the picture from the right side
for guidance. The three dimensions are calculated by a formula taking into account the relations between
them (A 2R, F R, F = R (1 - sin )). It is possible to block the values specified for A and F, selecting the
corresponding checkbox; the blocked value will not be modified, while the other value is calculated function
of the blocked value and of its relation with R.
Choose the origin point of the vault: typing the coordinates for X and Z or pressing
graphically;
Specify the number of linear elements along the vault;
Choose the material type and the section configuration for the vault elements.
icon to define them
Planar elements vaults
Configure the same parameters as for linear elements vault (vault's dimension, position and number of
elements);
Input a value for the number of elements along depth and specify the vault's total depth size;
Specify the planar elements' thickness and the material type.

65
Portal frames and trusses

Command access
From menu: choose Generate > Structure > Portal frames / trusses generator. This command opens a
dialog box containing libraries with different types of portal frames and trusses.
Configuration
You can expand or collapse the libraries list and choose any portal frame or truss you want.
Click on the list items to preview an image of the corresponding structure type:
Portal frames library
66
Trusses library
After you have selected a model from the list, click "OK" and a new dialog box opens, where you can
configure the structure's parameters. There are two different dialog boxes, for portal frames and for trusses
generator.
Portal frames generator
General data: define the origin of the portal frame on X Y Z axes typing the desired values or click on
to define it graphically;
Choose the structure's material type: press

from the combo-box;
Define the truss configuration filling the given fields with the corresponding parameters (the length of a span,
the number of purlins per slope, the slope angle, the height of the smallest stanchion);
Define the geometry for frames, stanchions, diagonals and columns;
Specify the number of portal frames you want to obtain and the columns height.
icon
icon to display the "Materials" dialog box or choose a type
Trusses generator
This dialog box contains similar options as the "Portal frames generator" dialog box:
67
Calculation elements
Supports
Command access
From menu: choose Generate > Structure > Support ()
From the Pilot: right-click on a system and choose Generate an entity > Structure > Support ()
In the drawing area: right-click and choose Generate an entity > Structure > Support ()
You can automatically generate supports on a selected element (linear or planar), choosing from its context
menu "Support / selection" command
Description
There are three support types: point, linear and planar. Each support type can be: rigid, elastic and tension /
compression (T/C).
Point
Rigid
Elastic
Linear
T/C
Rigid
Elastic
Planar
T/C
Rigid
Elastic
T/C
Rigid supports*
Supports constrained in translation + rotation (fixed), in translation only (hinged) or partly constrained in
translation/rotation (other).
Elastic supports
Supports defined by their stiffness. This type of support can be described:
In the global coordinate system (three translational stiffness along the global X, Y, Z axes and three
rotational stiffness about the global X, Y, Z axes)
In the local coordinate system (one translational stiffness depending on the support orientation)
T/C supports
Behave like ordinary elastic supports for linear analyses; for non-linear analyses they work in tension only /
compression only.
68
You can easily convert the rigid supports into elastic supports choosing the command Modify > CAD > Convert rigid supports to elastic
supports
Configuration
Displays information about object's ID number, name and system ID.
For the rigid supports, you can define the restraint type as "Fixed" or "Hinged".
Choose the coordinate system to which the support parameters refer (global or local coordinate
system).
Input the ID of the user-defined coordinate system you want the support to refer to.
For T/C support types, you can choose the function category as "Tension" or "Compression".
Configure the stiffness associated to the rotation and translation liberty degrees on X, Y and Z
axes.
Configure the seismic damping associated to the rotation and translation liberty degrees on X, Y
and Z axes.
Symmetry conditions
For rigid point supports, you can configure the symmetry conditions for translation and rotation liberty degrees on
the three axes using the "Symmetry conditions" command, available in Generate menu:
First select the rigid point support(s);
Access the "Symmetry conditions" command from Generate menu;
In "Symmetry conditions" dialog box, check the option corresponding to the plan coordinates for which you
want to define the symmetry.
69
Windwalls
The windwall element does not sum up to the structure's rigidity; its function consists in the distribution of loads
on the supporting elements following a failure line algorithm or a user defined direction of span. Windwalls may
serve, in the case of metallic structures, for the loads calculation on the linear supporting elements, without
necessarily perform the planar elements modeling (such as roofs, walls, slabs etc).
Command access
From menu: choose Generate > Windwall
From the Pilot: right-click on a system and choose Generate an entity > Windwall
In the drawing area: right-click and choose Generate an entity > Windwall
Create windwall on selection: select two coplanar and non-intersecting linear elements, right-click and
choose from the context menu: "Windwalls on selection"
icon;
Configuration
Choose the windwall's direction of span: X, Y, XY or other - which may
be defined in the "Direction of span" dialog box (see page 65). To access
this dialog box, click on
icon from "Definition" cell.
Configure the windwall for snow loads and snow accumulation:

You can specify for the windwall to take into account or not the snow
loads automatically generated;
You can enable / disable the snow accumulation;
Click on
icon in "Definition" cell to display the "Snow
accumulation" dialog box, where you can configure the accumulation
parameters (see page 66).
Configure the windwall for wind loads:

You can specify for the windwall to take into account or not the wind
loads automatically generated;
Choose the windwall type (building, awning, parapet or isolated
roof);
Define the percentage value of windwall permeability. This value is
taken into account by the automatic generator of climatic loads;
Configure the wind statutes for every wind direction (X+, X-, Y+, Y-);
Configure the pressure coefficients (Ce, CiS, CiD) for every wind
direction (X+, X-, Y+, Y-).
70
Setting the windwall's direction of span

Note
The direction of span is defined in the windwall's local axes. To view the local axes:
select the element and notice the three axes placed on an extremity, each with a
different color: red for X, green for Y and blue for Z (see page 39 for local axes
display option). When you draw an element, its local axes are defined by the drawing
order of its sides. You can change the local axes of an element afterwards, choosing
"Modify local axes" from context menu (of the selected element) or "Local axes"
command from Modify menu.
Tip:
To view the windwalls direction of span graphically, you must activate the display mode "Axes" in the
display configuration dialog box (Alt + X).
In the windwall's properties list, access the "Loads distribution" category to configure the direction of span towards
the supporting elements:
You can choose the direction of span considering the windwalls local axes: x, y or xy.
In the next example, to transfer the loads only towards the building's columns, specify a direction of span on
local y.
You can define a custom direction of span choosing "other"; in this case, the "Span" field below is enabled.
Click on "Definition" cell icon to open the "Direction of span" dialog box:
You can type a coefficient value for each side of the

windwall.
71
Whether you have created a climatic family case (snow / wind) and you choose to automatically generate climatic
loads (see page 107), each windwall configuration for the climatic actions is automatically recognized and taken
into account.
Splitting windwalls by the supporting elements
In the case of automatic generation of the climatic loads, the windwalls are automatically split by each
supporting element intersecting them. To specify that windwalls must not be split by certain elements: define
the "Supporting elements" status as inactive in the properties list of the desired elements.
You can choose to split windwalls during the structure modeling process, using "Split windwalls" command
from Modify menu.
Configuring the snow accumulation settings

In the windwall's properties list, you can configure the snow loads options:
Snow loads active on the windwall (Y/N);
If the snow loads are active you can choose to take into account the snow accumulation. In this case, you
can configure the accumulation options in the "Snow accumulation" dialog box, clicking on
"Definition" cell of the windwall's properties list:
icon from
Choose the snow accumulation type

pressing the button with the appropriate
image.
Configure the pressure for normal /

extreme loads
Discretization of snow loads: you can
specify the number of strips to be taken
into account for the snow loads
calculation, or the width of one strip.
72
Masses

You can define the mass values and mass inertia on X, Y and Z axes.
Geometric elements
Points

The point can be used to specify the size of a mesh unit. To use the point's
mesh function you must check the option "Meshing", then specify the
desired density of nodes around the point. A value lower than 1 produces a
higher density of mesh nodes around the point. A value greater than 1
reduces the nodes density around the point.
73
Lines
You can draw different line types:
Simple lines or polylines
Arc of circles (polylines describing an arc shape)
Circles (polylines describing a circle)
Displays information about object's ID number, name

and system ID.
You can also input observations regarding the
element.
The line can be used to specify the mesh
parameters. Enable the line mesh function and choose
a.
To create lines and polylines: access the line tool (

polyline (press Enter to finish the drawing action);
b.
To create an arc of circle:
) and click on the drawing area to create a line or a
Access the arc of circle drawing tool (

). The command line displays the following message: "Please
input the center of the arc". Click on the workplane to define the arc of circle center, or type in the
command line its coordinates (press Enter to apply);
The command line prompts the next message: "Please input the first point". Click on the workplane or
type in the command line to define the first point of the arc (press Enter to apply);
The command line prompts the next message: "Please input the second point". Click on the workplane
or type in the command line to define the second point of the arc (press Enter to apply);
The command line asks for the number of arc's segments: type in the command line the number you
want and press Enter. The arc of circle is created.
c.
To create a circle:
Access the circle drawing tool (
). The command line displays the following message: "Please input
the center of the circle". Click in the graphic area to define the center of the circle or type in the
command line its coordinates (press Enter to apply);
The command line prompts the next message: "Please input the radius (m)". Type the radius dimension
(in meters) and press Enter;
The command line asks for the number of circle's segments: type in the command line the number you
want and press Enter. The circle is created.
74
Besides their mesh modeling function, points and lines can also be used as follows:
Points
Lines
As reference for linear elements orientation:
As help lines for functions as extrude, trim or extend,

subdivide, convert etc:
To create openings on planar elements:
As snap elements:
75
Help entities
Coordinate lines
From menu: choose Edit > Coordinates and choose:
"Length" (or press Ctrl + D)
With this tool you can measure distances between different points in
the drawing area. The value of the distance between the selected
points is displayed as shown below:
"Angle" (or press Ctrl + G)

With this tool you can measure angles between two elements. Place
the cursor on the extremities of both elements that form the angle
you want to measure. The value will be displayed as shown below:
Dimension lines
Command access
From menu: choose Generate > Dimension line
In the drawing area: right click and choose from context menu Generate an entity > Dimension line
In the Pilot: right-click on a system and choose Generate an entity > Dimension line
Configuration
Dimension lines are used to measure lengths. They are saved in the drawing area and behave like any other
object (can be selected, resized, moved, deleted etc).
After you have accessed the drawing tool, select from the properties window the dimension line type:
Select the type of dimension line from the combo-box (projected, aligned, angular or level)
You can input a text which will be displayed on the dimension line's length.
You can define the dimension line's text alignment using the options from the combo-box
You can enable / disable the arrows displayed on the dimension line.
After you have chosen the desired type, draw the dimension line relative to the element you want to measure.
76
Projected
Aligned
Angular
Level
Measures the horizontal and vertical

projection of an element. The
measured projection depends on the
direction given to dimension line's
elevation (third click).
Specifies the length between two

points. After you have clicked on
both extremities, drag the mouse
and click to define the dimension
line's elevation.
Specifies the angle formed

by three points in the
graphic area.
Specifies the Z axis

coordinates of the clicked
point in the drawing area.
Grids
Command access
From menu: choose Generate > Grid
Create a grid
1.
Access the grid command
2.
With the grid tool activated, click in the workspace to define the grid's origin
3.
Move the mouse cursor and click to define the X axis of the grid
4.
Move the cursor and click to define the Y axis of the grid.
You can define the grid's parameters in its properties window:
You can display only X axis, only Y axis or both selecting the
corresponding option from the combo-box.
You can define the following parameters for X and Y axes:

Definition: you can define the number of grid blocks and their length
typing the corresponding values separated by spaces (e.g.: 3*3.00
2*5.00 3*6.00 means three blocks of 3 meters, 2 blocks of 5 meters
and 3 blocks of 6 meters).
Grid offset: you can enter a value to define the grid offset
Text position: you can define the presence of the text on the grid's
sides using the combo-box options
Text type: choose the type of text from the combo-box
Text offset: you can define the text position in relation to the grid
typing the desired distance in the current unit for length.
Working with grids
The grid tool makes easier the positioning of the structural elements of
your model. You can define the grid according to the structure's axes
and use it afterwards for an easier input of the structure elements
snapping on the grid's intersections points. Make sure that the snap
modes are enabled.
77
Configuration of sections and materials

You can configure the section and materials characteristics.
Materials
Command access
From menu:
Choose Edit > Used materials to open "Materials" dialog box;
Choose Hypotheses > Structure to open "Hypotheses - Structure" dialog box opens. From here you can
icon. Use this command to define the default material used in
open the "Materials" dialog box clicking on
the project. The default material will be assigned to each new created element.
In the Pilot: right-click on "Model" and choose from context menu "Used materials...";
From linear and planar elements properties list: place the cursor in the material code cell and click on
access "Materials" dialog box.
Note:
If you want to configure / modify the material features, access the "Used materials..." command from Edit
menu or from the Pilot context menu, as shown above. All the other access commands open a window
from which you can only choose a material type, the configuration not being accessible.
Configuration
To choose a material from the list:
Place the cursor at the beginning of each row; when a black arrow appears: click to select the entire row
Press "Close" to exit.

Tip:
78
icon to
Some dialog boxes contain advanced options which you can access pressing ">>" buttons.
To create a custom material:
Press the "Add" button. A new window appears, where you can type the name of the custom material;
To delete a material from the displayed list: select it and press the "Delete" button;
To clear the unused materials from the displayed list: press the "Purge" button.
To configure the material type you want: select it from the list and press the three buttons placed on the bottom side of
the window to expand the dialog box as follows:
Press the "Libraries" button to display an area

containing material libraries.
To open a library file (.mdb) containing material
types: click on
icon.
You can create material libraries pressing

icon ("New...");
You can choose materials by family (concrete,
metal or timber) and by standard;
Select a material type and press the "Import"
button to add it to the material list.
To insert a material type into a library select a
material type from the displayed list and press
the "Export" button.
To delete user-defined materials: select is from
the user library and press "Delete" button.
Press "Mechanical Properties" button to

expand the dialog with a window containing the
mechanic properties of the selected material:
Press "Properties..." button to display a new

window where you can view and configure the
properties of the selected material:
79
Sections
Command access
From menu: choose Edit > Used sections... to open the "Description of defined geometries" dialog box. Use this
command to add and configure different sections types for your model;
In the Pilot: right-click on "Model" and choose from context menu "Used sections..." to open "Description of
defined geometries" dialog box.
In the linear elements properties list: in "Section" category: place the cursor in "Extremity" cells:
icon to access "Section libraries" dialog box, from where you can choose one section type;
Click on
icon to access "Defined" dialog box, where you can configure the section parameters of the
Click on
selected linear elements.
Note:
If you want to configure / modify the section types and section properties for all the model's linear elements,
access the "Used sections..." command from Edit menu or from the Pilot context menu, as shown above.
All the other section commands display parts of the "Description of defined geometries" dialog box
(libraries, defined parameters).
Configuration
To save the selected section's image as a graphic file: click on

folder correspondent to the current project.
To delete a section type from the displayed list: select it and press the "Delete..." button;
To clear the unused section types from the displayed list: press the "Purge..." button.
Tip:
icon. The image file is stored under "document"
Some dialog boxes contain advanced options which you can access pressing ">>" buttons.
Press "Properties" button to display detailed features of the selected section on the bottom side of the dialog box:
Press "Add>>" or "Modify>>" button to extend the dialog with three tabs, displayed at the bottom of the window:
"Defined", "Libraries" and "User".
80
Defined
In "Defined" tab you have access to the section parameters: material category and the section type (shapes
and sizes). You can select the available types from the combo-boxes and input values for the section type's
geometry. A preview of the section is available in the panel from the right.
To modify the parameters of section type: select the section you want to modify from the list displayed in the
"Description of defined geometries" window; press "Modify>>" button placed on the main window, modify the
section parameters in "Defined" tab, then press "Modify" button placed on "Defined" tab area.
To create a new section type and add it to the available list of section: press "Add>>" button placed on the
main window, choose the parameters for the new section type in the "Defined" tab, then press "Add" button
placed on "Defined" tab area.
Libraries
Select a section category from the list and choose a section type from the table displayed on the bottom side
of the dialog box. Scroll down to view all the categories from the library. A preview of the selected section
type is available in the panel from the right.
To replace an existing section type with another: press "Modify>>" button placed on the main window,
choose a section type from the "Libraries" tab, then press "Import" button placed on "Libraries" tab area;
To add a section type from the libraries: press "Add>>" button placed on the main window, choose a section
type from the "Libraries" tab, then press "Import" button placed on "Libraries" tab area;
You can add more section libraries pressing the "Link..." button, or remove a library pressing the "Unlink..."
button.
81
User
Click
icon to enable the modify mode; when the icon turns to
- it means that you are allowed to
make modifications to the sections parameters from the table placed below;
You can add rows to the sections table pressing "Add" button; type the corresponding parameters in the
table's cells;
To replace a selected section from the current list with an user section: press "Modify>>" button placed on
the main window, select the user section from the table in the "User" tab and press "Import" button placed on
"User" tab area;
To import an user section from the user section library to the model's list of
sections:
Click on "Add>>" button placed in the main window
In the "User" tab select the row containing a user section
Press "Import" button placed on "User" tab area
To export an user section from the model to the user section library (in the case
when the model contains external user sections):
Select the user section from the model's list of sections
Click on the "Export" button placed in the "User" tab
To delete a user section: select the row containing the section you want to clear and press the "Delete"
button placed on "User" tab area;
Press "Tools Section" button to access the "Cross sections" application, which will help you create userdefined section types.
Note:
82
The user section library can be found also in the "Libraries" tab.
Objects handling
Select elements
Command access
In Edit menu:
Choose "Select by criteria..." to open the "Elements selection" dialog box;
Choose "Select all" and all objects in the drawing area will be selected, or "Deselect all" to clear all
selections.
Choose "Invert selection" command to select the unselected element and to deselect the selected ones.
From Filters and selection toolbar: you can easily access selection commands:
Selects objects by different criteria you can choose from the combo-box.
Selection
commands
Opens the "Elements selection" dialog box.

Reverses the current selection (the unselected entities become selected and
vice-versa).
Displays only the selected elements and hides the unselected ones.
Filter
commands
Display the selected elements with a shading effect.

Displays all objects, canceling any filter effect.
From drawing area's context menu:
If there is no current selection choose "Select" to open the "Elements selection" dialog box;
If there are selected elements, you can deselect all choosing "Cancel selection" command.
From keyboard: press Alt + S keys to open the "Elements selection" dialog box.
Selection methods
1.
From the Pilot: click on the items placed in systems to select the corresponding elements in the drawing area.
Hold Ctrl key pressed to select multiple items at the same time:
83
2.
Selecting objects in the drawing area:
Place the cursor above the object and click.
The object is selected.
You can select multiple objects in the drawing area:

Simply click on each object you want to select (Advance Design performs additive selections);
Drag a selection window around the elements you want to select:
To deselect certain objects: simply click on the objects you want to deselect; the other objects will remain
selected.
To select objects through the model's "depth":

Tip:
Access "Display settings" dialog box (pressing Alt + X keys) and activate "Highlight on mouse
over" option. The objects placed on the cursor trajectory will be thus highlighted, allowing you to
select them more easily.
Click on an element to select it.
Tip:
84
Press the Tab key to view the objects placed on the

cursor trajectory; then click to select the highlighted
object.
Also you can guide yourself using the object tooltips (see page 31 for tooltips activation): when
the cursor is positioned above many intersecting elements, press the Tab key to display the
tooltips of different objects placed on the cursor trajectory. When the tooltip of the desired object
is displayed, just click to select the object.
3.
Selecting objects using the "Elements selection" dialog box:

Access the "Elements selection" dialog box, as shown on page 77. Here you can use multiple criteria to select the
model's elements. Switch the option tabs to choose the selection method.
The common trunk of the "Elements selection" dialog box contains the following options:
Check "Act on the current selection" to apply the selection
filter only on the selected elements from the drawing area.
Uncheck the selected items in all tabs.
The selection mode is useful when you want to apply combined criteria to your filter:
Union: allows the multiple criteria selection using the "or" operator (select all elements of x type or x material
or x section)
Intersection: allows the multiple criteria selection using the "and" operator (select all elements of x type and
x material and x section)
Types
Click on the object's category you want to select; click "OK"
and all the objects belonging to the specified type from the
drawing area will be selected.
Type the ID number or the name of the object you want to
select (the object's ID number and name are displayed in the
properties list).
You can select entities by their system.
Use those buttons to select / deselect all items in the current

tab.
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Materials
You can select elements by their material type. The list contains
all the materials used in the project.
Use those buttons to select / deselect all items in the current tab.
Sections
You can select elements by their section configuration. The list

contains all the sections you have defined for the current project.
Use those buttons to select / deselect all items in the current tab.
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Thickness
To select elements by their thickness: type here the thickness

range for your selection.
Coordinates
You can select model's elements by their coordinates: type the

values for X Y Z coordinates in the corresponding fields. You can
also choose the coordinate system in which you want to define
the selection.
87
Move elements
1.
Move elements using grip points and stretch points

Grip points
Select the object and place the cursor on the blue

square; you'll notice that a blue triangle appears. This
is called the object's grip point.
You can use grip points to move the object to another
location on the workplane.
Click on the grip point and you'll be able to move the

object:
dragging with the cursor in the work area;
typing the coordinates in the command line.
Stretch points
Select the object and place the cursor on the red

square displayed at its extremities. A red triangle
appears. This is called the object's stretch point.
You can use stretch points to move the object's
extremities.
Note:
It is possible to transform the stretch points in grip points pressing
Tip:
88
Click on the stretch point and move the object's

extremity:
dragging with the cursor in the work area;
typing the coordinates in the command line.
icon:
From Modify menu: in CAD list of commands;

From CAD Modifications toolbar.
keys.
2.
Using "Move" command

Command access
To open the "Move" dialog box:
From menu: choose Modify >CAD > Move
From CAD Modifications toolbar: click on
In the drawing area: right-click on the selected element and choose "Move"
Press Home key
Move elements by translation / rotation

1.
Select the element you want to move;
2.
Access "Move" dialog box as shown above:
a.
To move the object by translation:

Choose one translation mode, illustrated by the two icons
Define the translation vector: type the coordinate values or press
graphically
For
b.
icon, to define the vector
translation mode, type a value for the translation distance
To move the object by rotation:

Choose the rotation axis: type the coordinate values or press
(first click for origin, the second click for the axis second point)
icon, to define the axis graphically
Choose the rotation angle (input values in degrees)

It is possible to also modify the element's local axis according to the input angle, checking "Modify
the section orientation" option
Note:
You can move the element only by translation; only by rotation or in both modes.
3.
You can move the selected object in any system you want: choose the destination system for the moved
element from the corresponding combo-box;
4.
Click "Preview" button to view the effect of your settings;
5.
Click "Move" button to execute.
89
3.
Move elements by symmetry

Command access
To open the "Symmetries" dialog box:
From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Symmetries
Move elements by symmetry

1.
Select the element you want to move;
2.
Access "Symmetries" dialog box as shown above:
a.
To move the object by plane symmetry:

Click on the plane symmetry icon
To define the reference for the plane symmetry: press

as the symmetry axis;
icon and click on an element to define it
Choose the plan coordinates from the combo-box.

b.
To move the object by axial symmetry:

Click on the axial symmetry icon
Define the reference coordinates: type the axis parameters or press

on workplane and click to define the axis coordinates.
90
3.
4.
Click "Apply" button to execute.
icon then place the cursor
Copy elements
1.
Copy elements using grip points and stretch points

Grip points
You can use grip points to copy objects in the drawing area.
Select the object, click on its grip point and press Ctrl key; hold this key
pressed and click in the drawing area to define the copied objects
position.
Stretch points
You can use stretch points to copy objects starting from their
extremities.
Select the object, click on its stretch point and press Ctrl key; hold this
key pressed and click in the drawing area to define the copied objects
position.
Tip:
2.
keys.
Using "Copy" command

Command access
To open "Multiple copy" dialog box:
From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Copy
In the drawing area: right-click on the selected element and choose "Copy"
Press Insert key
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Copy elements by translation / rotation

1.
Select the element that you want to copy
2.
Access "Copy" dialog box as shown above:
a.
To copy the objects by translation:

Choose one translation mode, illustrated by the three icons
Define the translation vector: type the coordinate values or press
graphically
For
b.
icon, to define the vector
translation mode, type a value for the translation distance.
To copy the objects by rotation:

Choose the rotation mode, illustrated by the two icons
Choose the rotation axis: type the coordinate values or press
(first click for origin, the second click for the axis second point)
icon, to define the axis graphically
Choose the rotation angle (input values in degrees)

It is possible to also modify the copied element's local axis according to the input angle, checking
"Modify the section orientation" option.
Note:
3.
You can move the element only by translation; only by rotation or in both modes.
Press "Advanced>>" button to display additional options:

"Load case": when you copy loads you can impose a value for the ID increasing factor of the load case
where the copied loads are to be placed
"Create new systems": you can create new systems for the copied elements
"Destination system": if you want to place the copies in already created systems, check this option and
choose from the combo-box the desired system. In this case it is required that the systems tree has
already been created.
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4.
Input the number of copies for the selected element
5.
Click "Preview" button to view the effect of your settings
6.
Click "Copy" button to apply
3.
Copy elements by symmetry

Command access
Open the "Symmetries" dialog box using the following:

From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Symmetries
; keep pressed to display the two

To use the symmetry tool: from CAD Modifications toolbar, click on
icons assigned for the symmetry function (plane symmetry and axial symmetry).
Copy elements using the "Symmetries" dialog box

1.
Select the element you want to copy;
2.
Access "Symmetries" dialog box as shown above:

a.
To copy the object by plane symmetry:
Click on the plane symmetry icon

;
To define the reference for the plane symmetry: press
icon and click on an element to define it as the symmetry
axis;
b. To copy the object by axial symmetry:
Click on the axial symmetry icon

;
Define the reference coordinates: type the axis
icon then place the cursor on
parameters or press
workplane and click to define the axis coordinates;
3.
4.
Click "Apply" button to execute.
Copy elements using the symmetry tools

1.
2.

Access the symmetry tools (plane or axial) from the CAD Modifications toolbar, as
shown above;
1.
Place the cursor in the drawing area, on an object defined as symmetry axis; notice that
a preview of the symmetry is available;
While the cursor is placed above the reference object, you can switch between plane
and axial symmetry tools pressing the Tab key;
Click to create the copy by symmetry.
2.
3.
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4.
Copy elements using "Rotation" command

Command access
From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Rotation
Copy elements by rotation

Use this command to perform a copy by rotation of selected elements around a defined axis. This operation
consists in two main phases:
1.
2.
Access "Rotation" command as shown above and notice the message of the command line. You can choose
from three operation modes, displayed in the command line:
a.
94
Press Enter if the current rotation axis is the right one (you can see the rotation axis on the workplane,
as shown in the above image). From here, proceed as follows:
1.
The command line displays: "Rotation > First point >".

Click in the drawing area to define the first point of the
object's position (or type the first point coordinates in
the command line).
2.
The command line displays: "Rotation > Define the

angle [ENTER for the second point | A for angle]".
Press Enter if the current angle is OK, or press the A
key, to define a new rotation angle (which you may
type in the command line).
Click in the drawing area to define the copied object's
second point.
b.
c.
Press P to define another rotation axis (by 2 points) and proceed following the command line messages.
After defining the new rotation axis, the same steps as before will follow:
1.
Click in the drawing area to define the rotation

axis first point.
2.
Click to define the rotation axis' second point.
3.
Click in the drawing area to define the object's

first point. The following command line message
asks you to choose the rotation angle (press
Enter if the current angle is OK, or press A to
type a new rotation angle). Move the cursor and
notice that the object is moving around the
rotation axis.
4.
Click in the drawing area to define the copied

object's second point.
Press O to choose a linear element as a rotation axis. You'll notice that the command line displays the
message "Select an object". Thus, you must select a linear object from the graphic area to define it as
the rotation axis:
1.
Select the linear element to define the rotation

axis. Notice that the rotation axis is
automatically placed on the selected element.
2.
Click in the drawing area to define the object's

first point.
3.
The following command line message asks you

to choose the rotation angle (press Enter if the
current angle is OK, or press A to type a new
rotation angle). Move the cursor and notice that
the object is moving around the rotation axis.
4.
Click in the drawing area to define the copied

object's second point.
95
Transform elements
Deform elements
You can modify object's shape and size using the stretch points:
Select the object and click on one of its stretch points.
Keep the stretch point pressed and drag to re-shape

the object, as shown above.
Cut
Command access
From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Cut
Cutting elements
Use help entities such as lines or polylines to define the cut limits, as shown below:
Draw a line on the elements you want to Access the "Cut" command as shown above, and click on the
cut, then select the line.
object's side you want to cut.
Note:
96
Notice the command line messages during the cut operation.
Trim or extend
Command access
From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Trim or extend
Trim / extend elements

You can use this command to trim / extend objects that share at least one real or virtual common point
(intersection point, tangent point etc). For trim and extend actions, a reference element must be defined.
Trim
Select the element considered as reference for the Click on the object's side you want to keep; it will
adjustment; then access "Trim / extend" command as adjust considering the reference element.
shown above. Place the cursor above the element you want
to trim.
Extend
Select the element considered as reference for extension. Click on the object you want to extend; it will
The object you want to extend must have an intersection resize, extending to the intersection point with the
point with the reference element on their axis coordinates. reference element.
Access "Trim / extend" command as shown above. Place the
cursor above the element you want to extend.
Note:
Notice the command line messages during the trim / extend operations.
97
Subdivide
Command access
From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Subdivide
Subdivide elements
You can use this command to divide objects into segments using reference elements. The reference objects'
axes must have common intersection points with the axis of the object you want to divide. There are various
methods you can use:
Subdivide a planar element using linear elements
Select the reference element for the subdividing Click on the object you want to divide (the planar
operation (in this case, a polyline). Access "Subdivide" element). You obtain three planar elements.
command as shown above and place the cursor above
the element you want to divide.
Subdivide linear elements using the command line
Select the element you want to subdivide (in this case, a

linear element). Access "Subdivide" command as shown
above and notice the command line message: "Select
the object(s) to subdivide or input a numerical value".
Note:
98
Type in the command line a value representing the

number of segments you want to obtain, for example:
2, then press Enter. The linear element is divided in
two segments, as shown in the above image.
Notice the command line messages during the subdivide operation.
Create slab openings

Command access
From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Create openings
Create openings
This command generates openings on the planar elements. Define a polyline as a reference object for the
opening shape.
Note:
To create a polyline on a planar element, make sure first that the workplane is projected on the planar
element.
Proceed as follows:
Select the polyline created on the planar element.
Access "Create openings" command and the opening

is created.
If you want to undo the opening action, access the "Delete openings" command:
From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Delete openings
Access "Delete openings" command and place the Click on one of the opening's side to delete it.
cursor on the planar element.
Split windwalls
You can split windwalls using linear elements as reference entities. For this operation, the linear elements must
have the property of "supporting element" as active. Otherwise, the windwalls to which they intersect will not be
split. Example:
Create a windwall on three linear elements:
To split the windwall on the intersection with the linear elements, in

Modify menu, choose "Split windwalls" command. The windwalls
appear like this:
99
Create fillets
Command access
From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Create a fillet
Creating fillets
You can use this command to create rounded corners between linear elements or on planar elements:
Create a fillet between 2 linear elements
Create a fillet on a planar element
1. Select the linear elements and access "Create a 1. Select the planar element and access "Create a fillet"
fillet" command, as shown above. A message in
command. The command line displays a message
the command line asks a value for the fillet's
asking you to click on the object's extremity where
radius (in meters): type a number and press Enter;
you want to create a fillet. For the next steps: type in
another message asks for a number of fillet's
the command line values for the fillet radius and the
segments - repeat the procedure.
number of fillet segments.
2. Press Enter and the fillet is ready. In this example, 2. Press Enter and the fillet is ready. In this example,
the fillet radius has 3 meters and there are 3 fillet
the fillet radius has 6 meters and there are 6 fillet
segments.
segments.
100
Convert lines to structure elements

Converting lines
You can use this command to create structure elements starting from lines and polylines:
You can create linear elements starting from lines and polylines forming open shapes; each line or segment
of a polyline is converted into a linear element:
1.
Select a line or a polyline;
2.
Access the command:

From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Convert lines to > linear elements
3.
The selected lines are now linear elements:
You can create planar elements starting from polylines forming closed shapes; each segment of the polyline
is converted into a side of the planar element:
1.
Select a polyline with a closed shape;
2.
Access the command:

From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Convert lines to > planar elements
3.
The selected polyline is now a planar element:
101
Extrude points and lines

It is possible to obtain linear and planar elements starting from points and lines with the help of "Extrude"
command.
1.
Select the element you want to extrude (point, line). It is possible to extrude several points and / or lines at
the same time;
2.
Access "Extrude" command:

From menu: choose Modify > CAD > Extrude...
From CAD Modifications toolbar: click
3.
icon to open the "Extrude" dialog box
In the "Extrusion" dialog box, make the necessary settings to create the structure elements, as follows:
Create an extrusion by translation:

Choose the translation mode, illustrated by the three icons;
Define the translation vector: type the coordinates for X, Y and Z
axes, or press icon to select the origin graphically.
Create an extrusion by rotation:
Choose the rotation mode, illustrated by the two icons;
Define the rotation axis' origin and direction: type the coordinates
or press icon to choose the corresponding points graphically;
Input a value for the rotation angle.
Input the number of elements you want to obtain.
Configure here the linear element's characteristics:
Choose the linear element's type from the combo-box;
Press
icon to open the "Materials" dialog box and choose the
material type;
Select the linear element's section type.
Configure here the planar element's characteristics:

Choose the planar element's type from the combo-box;
Press
icon to open the "Materials" dialog box and choose the
material type;
Input a value for the element's thickness.
Uncheck this option if you want to delete the point / line after the
extrusion.
Click "Preview" button to view the effect of your settings
Click "Apply" to extrude
102
Example
Extrusion by translation
Extrusion by rotation
Renumbering elements
Command access
From menu: choose Modify > Renumbering
Using the renumbering function
This command corrects the gaps in the numbering of the model elements, in input phase only.
The program numbers the structure elements according to their creation moment, from 1 to N. IF during the input
some elements are deleted and other are created alternately, the elements numbering becomes discontinuous. For an
easier exploitation of results on structure elements it is preferable to have a continuous numbering of the structure
elements.
The renumbering function is applied to a selection of elements or to the entire structure if no element is selected.
Launch the renumbering command to open the following dialog box:
Select the element type to renumber from the available list.

You can check all or uncheck all types using these buttons.
Activate the orientation and the elements can be numbered
according to their position in space. For example, for a X,Y,Z
orientation, the elements are ordered (in increasing or decreasing
order: see the check buttons x>0, y>0, z>0) first according to X, then
according to Y and then according to Z.
You can specify a number from which the structure elements are
renumbered.
103
Loading the structure

There are various methods to input loadings on the structure. To create loads, you can use a set of tools provided in
menus and Modeling toolbar.
The loads (point, linear, planar or imposed displacement) can be grouped together in load cases that correspond to
different loading scenarios, and can be calculated individually or combined. Load cases with common features are
organized in case families.
Each case family may contain several load cases, as each load case may contain several loads.
There are 8 types of case families; each one contains certain types of load cases. For each load case there are
specific load types you can create, as shown in the following table:
CASE FAMILY
LOAD CASE
LOADS
Self weight (PP)

All types of loads
Permanent loads
Static (CP)
104
Exploitation
Static (Q)
All types of loads
Snow
Static (N)
All types of loads
Wind
Static (V)
All types of loads
Seism
Seismic (S)
Temperature
Thermal (TEMP)
Punctual, linear and planar loads.
Accidental loads
Static (A)
All types of loads
Other
Static (C)
All types of loads
Create a case family

Command access
In the Pilot: right-click on "Loading" and choose, from context menu, "Create a case family" or "Create several
case families";
From Modeling toolbar: in the load case combo-box choose "New" to open the "Create a case family" dialog box.
Create a case family
Create several case families
This command opens the "Create a load case

family (Solicitation)" dialog box, from where you
can generate only one case family that you
choose at a time.
When a case family is thus created, a specific
load case is generated automatically.
This command opens the "Load case families creation" dialog

box, from where you can choose to generate as many load
cases as you want for each case family:
Type in the "Case number" boxes the desired number of
load cases for each family;
Press "Create" button to generate case families and their
load cases.
Case families and their load cases are displayed in the Pilot, in the "Loading" system:
Right-click on case family's name and you can choose, from its context menu, to delete, rename or hide it. To display /
hide a case family or one of its components: double-click on its name in the Pilot.
105
Case family's properties

For each case family a properties list is available. For most case families, the properties list contains information about
family's name, ID number and the representative color.
An important remark for the wind, snow and seism case families: special options are available in their properties
window.
Wind
Choose the regulation type from the combo-box ("Ultimate states" or

"Ultimate stress").
Enable / disable the automatic wind generation components.
Configure the dynamic pressure characteristics:

Choose the wind region type from the combo-box; each wind
region has its own pressure and speed coefficients. Select "Other"
to input the values that you choose.
Define the magnification of basic dynamic pressure according to
the site.
Structure's overall height: input the structure's height.
Choose the site effect from combo-box: normal, protected or exposed.
Configure the dynamic effect regarding: the construction type
(structure or building), the Beta coefficient (automatic or manual value),
period along X and Y direction.
Snow
Choose the regulation type from the combo-box ("Ultimate states" or

"Ultimate stress").
Configure the snow parameters:
The snow region: click on the cell to access the region codes list. Each
region has its own snow pressure coefficients; choose "Other" to input
the coefficients that you want.
Altitude: define the building's altitude.
106
Seism
You can choose here the spectrum type: click in the cell to access the combo-box and choose
PS92 or "Imposed" to define another spectrum.
Here you can modify the spectrum parameters according to the PS92 regulation:
Zone: choose the seismic zone by the codes from combo-box;
Site: choose the site type from combo-box. The "Auto" option allows an automatic
determination of site starting from the soil type and its thickness;
Tau: the topographic amplification coefficient.
Class: choose the structure's risk class;

Check this box in the case of a high hazard installation; in this case elastic spectra are
used;
Damping limitation: when active - the automatically calculated modal damping remains
between 2 - 30%.
Click on
icon to access the "Function editor" dialog box where you can edit the userdefined spectrum parameters (imposed spectra), as shown below.
For imposed spectra, you can modify here the value of Z direction coefficient.
Access the combo-box to choose the modes superposition method (CQC or SRSS)
You can choose to take into account the residual mode or not.
Function editor for seismic spectrum:
Name: displays the spectrum's name; type here a name for the new spectrum you want to create;
Click on
spectrum;
Type: access the combo-box to choose the spectrum definition by displacement, speed or acceleration.
to open a file in .txt format containing a spectrum or click on
to save the new-defined
107
You can define the spectrum:

Manually, typing the values for the x and y axes of the chosen spectrum in the given table (press Enter
after the input and the Tab key to add new rows);
By a linear slope between x1 and x2 abscissas using the first option of "Function definition" field;
By a function between x1 and x2 abscissas using the second option of "Function definition" field;
Double click on the spectrum's image to open the "Curves" window, where you can configure the graph and
view its results, as shown on page 102;
Abscissa: you can choose from combo-box the data type to display on spectrum's abscissa (period or
frequency)
Function definition:
The linear slope is defined by 2 points: (x1, y1) and (x2, y2). "dx" represents the interval between two
consecutive points on the graph. Press "Define" to validate the entries.
For the function f(x) definition type the name of the function containing its variable between brackets
[ex.: sin(x)]. Make sure to specify the variable in the given field. Press "Define" to validate the entries.
"Modify x" and "Modify y": the x or y values already defined in the table are modified by the formula x' =
ax + b respectively y' = ay + b. Press "Apply" button to validate the entries.
Press the "Print..." button to access the print options, if you want to print the spectrum image.
Press the "Image..." button to save the spectrum image.
Seismic curves:
From this window you can edit spectrum's graph properties, modify its data inputs and display the results in
different manners, using its own toolbar and context menu (for details, see pages 145 - 150):
108
Configuration:
Opens "Configuration" dialog box where you can configure the graph's
parameters.
Points editing:
Opens a window where you can view point's values on X and Y.
Selection of curves:
Opens a window where you select existing curves.
Display legend:
Shows the graph legend
Display points:
Shows the intersection points
Display extreme values:
Shows the extreme values
Display zeros:
Shows the null values
Display envelope:
Shows the envelope curves
Zoom window:
Magnifies the selection area
Zoom abscissa:
Magnifies only on abscissa coordinates
Zoom all:
Displays the whole curve image
Ruler:
Used to display the position on the abscissa and the corresponding curve
values of the indicated point on the graph
Display resultants:
Display the curve resultant on the graph
Display resultants list:
Display the list of resultants in a table
Print:
Opens the print dialog
Save curve:
Saves graph image as a BMP file
Create a load case

A load case contains one or several loads applied on the structure elements.
When you create a case family, a load case is generated automatically. However, if you want to add other load cases
to an existent case family, proceed as follows:
In the Pilot: right-click on an existent case family, and choose from context menu "Create a case". A dialog box
appears, where you can select the load case type:
Click "OK" to create the load case.
You can view and configure the properties of each load case from their properties list.
For each case family you can create specific load cases (see page 98).
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LOAD CASES TYPES

Self weight
Advance Design can automatically generate the self weight on the structure elements:
Displays the name, ID number and code of the load case.
Contains the default values of the self weight intensity on X, Y and Z axes.
You can modify here these values, if necessary.
Choose from combo-box:
"All" to take into account all the structure elements for the automatic
generation of self weight loads;
"List" to select systems of the model containing the elements on which the
self weight is automatically generated. In this case, the "List" cell
becomes active and you can type here the systems IDs.
Static
Refers to all static loads (considering exploitation, snow and wind cases):
110
Seismic
Choose from combo-box the seismic load direction (horizontal on X, Y or

vertical on Z)
Choose the seismic results sign from the combo-box (without sign;
predominant mode sign, other mode sign)
You can define the seismic behavior coefficient as "imposed" (and you can
input, in the next cell, a value for this coefficient "q") or "calculated".
You can obtain an automatic calculation of the average seismic behavior coefficient. For that, you can impose, for
each system of your structure, a coefficient for the calculation of the "average q". In this case it is necessary to
update the systems' properties list with the behavior coefficients for each seismic direction:
Type the seismic behavior coefficient for each direction
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Create loads
There are 4 load types:
1.
Punctual loads;
2.
Linear loads;
3.
Planar loads;
4.
Imposed displacements.
Command access
From the Pilot: right-click on a load case, and choose from context menu "Create a load". A dialog box appears,
where you can choose a load type:
From menu: choose Generate > Load.
Select a load type: punctual, linear or planar;
Choose "Loads on selection" to automatically generate a load on the selected element(s);
To automatically generate the self weight, choose "Self weight";
Click on "Climatic loads" to launch the automatic generation of the climatic loads (a climatic load case family
must be previously created and the windwalls defined)
From Modeling toolbar: click on the corresponding icons to access load commands. You can also choose the
load case for the load you want to create:
From object's context menu: select the object you want to assign a load to, right-click and choose from its context
menu "Loads / selection".
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Generate loads
Manually
Access load commands as shown above. Notice that the cursor shape has changed.
1.
Create the load

In the drawing area: create the loads on the model's elements (using snap points, the workplane
coordinates etc...).
You can also create a load typing its coordinates in the command line;
2.
Place the load in a load case. There are 3 methods you can follow:
From Modeling toolbar: select the load case from the combo-box;
From the Pilot: select one load case from the available list;
In the load's properties list: type the ID of the load case where you want to place the load in the
corresponding field.
3.
Configure the loads parameters (intensity, coordinate system...) in their properties list.
Automatically
There are several methods you can use for the automatic generation of loads on the structure, depending on the
load type you want to apply:
1.
Generate loads on selection

Select the element you want, right click and choose from its context menu "Loads / selection". The load
automatically generated will correspond to the selected element type (linear load for linear, planar load for
planar...). After launching the command, the loads properties list is displayed and you can type the load's
parameters.
2.
Automatically generate the self weight on the entire structure (or on a part of it):
From menu: choose Generate > Load> Self weight.
3.
Use the climatic generator

For the wind and snow families: you can choose to automatically generate loads (using their context menu
commands from the Pilot or choose from menu Generate > Load > Climatic loads). Warning, it is
imperatively required to define the windwalls before using the 3D climatic generator.
4.
Automatically generate hydrostatic and ground pressure loads

Select one or several planar elements. From menu: choose Generate > Load > Pressure. The following
dialog box opens:
The "Vertical axis" radio-buttons allow you to define the global
vertical axis of the model.
Specify the ground water's upper and lower limits.
Specify using the "Pressure" radio buttons if it is an internal or
external pressure.
You can choose from the combo-box the load case for the
pressure load or generate a new case choosing "New".
After defining the pressure parameters, click on "OK" to create the loads on the selected element.
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Load types
Point loads
Displays the name, ID number and code of the load case. You can
move the load to another load case changing here the
correspondent ID number. You can also input observations
regarding the element.
Choose the system to which the load parameters refer (coordinate
system or local).
Input numerical values to define the force intensity on X, Y and Z
axes.
Input numerical values to define the moment's intensity on X, Y and
Z axes.
Linear and planar loads

Choose the system to which the load parameters refer (coordinate
system, local or projected).
Input numerical values to define the force intensity on X, Y and Z
axes.
Input numerical values to define the moment's intensity on X, Y and
Z axes.
Input here the variation coefficient for the load intensity.
Imposed displacements
Choose the system to which the displacement parameters refer
(coordinate system or local).
Input numerical values to define the displacement direction on X, Y
and Z axes.
Input numerical values to define the rotation direction on X, Y and Z
axes.
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Define the analysis hypotheses

Create analysis types
Command access
From Hypotheses menu: choose an analysis type to create: modal analysis, generalized-buckling or static
nonlinear;
In the Pilot: right-click on "Hypotheses" and choose from context menu an analysis type.
Configure the analyses

The analysis types you create are displayed in the Pilot, in "Hypotheses" system:
Configure the analysis cases properties as shown below:

Modal analysis
Displays the name, ID number and code of the analysis case.
Type the number of modes to calculate and the modes frequency range.
Configure the mass characteristics:
Define the calculated mass choosing a category from the combo box
(punctual mass only, punctual mass and self weight or combinations);
If you chose to define the mass by combinations: select the
icon to open a dialog box where

"Combinations" cell and press
you can configure the combinations (see page 110);
Input the mass percentage on X, Y and Z.
Define the tolerance value and the max. iterations number.

You can define the seismic damping calculation as automatic or manual.
icon
When automatic calculation is disabled, select the next cell, press
to open a dialog box where you can input the damping values for the
desired modes (see page 110).
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Masses combinations dialog box:
1.
Select a load case from the available list
2.
In the "Coefficient" field: type the coefficient value for the selected load case
3.
Click on "Add" button to place the selected load case in the list of combinations
4.
Click "OK" to close the window
Seismic damping dialog box:
You can type a damping value for each mode.
Click on "Modify" button to open a dialog box where you can input a
damping value for all modes or for the selected ones.
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Generalized-buckling
Displays the name, ID number, code of the analysis case and the ID of
its reference (load case taken into account).
To select the load case for the generalized buckling analysis: place the
cursor in the "Reference" cell and click on
icon.
Type the number of modes to calculate and the modes coefficient

range.
Define the tolerance value and the max. iterations number.
Static nonlinear analysis
Displays the name, ID number and code of the analysis case.

Select the "Reference" cell and click on
icon to open the dialog box
where you can configure the calculation parameters for static nonlinear
analysis (see page 112).
You can enable / disable the calculation of large displacements.
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Configuring the calculation parameters for static nonlinear analysis:
Open the "Non Linear analysis Options" dialog box as shown above:
Press the "Add / Remove analyses" button to display a dialog box where you can select from available load
cases the analyses to be taken into account for calculation:
The selected analyses are displayed in the "Non Linear Analysis Options" dialog box. You can configure the
analyses parameters, as shown below:
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Create envelopes
Command access
From menu: choose Hypotheses > Create an envelope
In the Pilot: right-click on "Envelopes" and choose from context menu "Create a family of envelopes". An
envelope family is placed under the "Envelopes" system:
Configuration
In the Pilot: right-click on the envelope family and choose "Properties" from context menu. The following dialog
box appears:
Choose the result type (displacements, forces or stresses) you want to configure from the combo-box placed on
the upper side of the window. An envelope can contain only one type of result.
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Select an element type from the left panel. Each result type refers to certain element types to be taken into
account for the envelope:
For displacements: nodes, supports, linear and planar elements;
For forces: supports, linear and planar elements;
For stresses: linear and planar elements.
For each element type, select the result type, coordinates, and the envelope's type (max/min, concomitant max or
concomitant min).
Press the "Case" button to open a dialog box where you can select the load cases for the envelope:
The displayed list contains not only load cases, but also existing combinations and envelopes. Thus, you can
create envelopes of envelopes or envelopes of combinations.
Check the boxes corresponding to the load cases you want for the envelope and press "OK".
You can select load cases by type from the "Type" combo-box;
You can select load cases typing their ID or code in the "Codes or ID" field; press Enter to validate the entry
then "OK" button to apply and close the window.
After the configuration, press the "Apply" button to create the envelope.
The envelopes are displayed in the Pilot:
120
You can delete all the envelopes choosing from "Envelope" context menu, in the Pilot: "Delete all families".
Create combinations
A loads combination refers to a formula combining load cases and corresponding coefficients.
The next specifications must be taken into account when you create load cases combinations:
If the finite element calculation is linear, the displacements and forces are proportional to the loads, which means
that the results are directly combined;
If the finite element calculation is nonlinear, then the loads are combined before calculation.
You can create user-defined combinations or you can load existing combination files. For concrete and steel design
hypotheses: access the corresponding tab ("Concrete" - see page 167 and "Steel" - see page 178) to define the
combinations taken into account.
Command access
From menu: choose Hypotheses > Define combinations
In the Pilot: right-click on "Combinations" and choose from context menu "Properties"
The following dialog box opens:
Create a user-defined combination

Click on "Add" button, and a new line will be inserted in the combination table:
Each line consists in a combination. Each combination has its own ID number, placed in the first cell of the line.
To create a load case combination, type in the combination line the coefficients and the IDs of the corresponding
load cases (previously created).
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Load predefined combinations

In "Combinations" dialog box: click on "Load" button, and the "Open" window appears, from where you can
browse for a combination file (*.cbn):
Each combination file corresponds to a standard regulation. Select a combination file according to the desired
regulation and click on "Open". The combinations are generated automatically: the load cases corresponding to
the selected regulation file are detected and automatically combined with given coefficients. All possible
combinations are thus generated and displayed in the combinations dialog box:
Select a combination to view its name, code and ID number in the boxes placed on the bottom of the table;
You can remove a selected combination pressing "Delete" button;
Tip:
If you want to view the combination file's content before loading it, press "View" button to display the
"Open" dialog box. Choose the file from the list, press open and it will be displayed with a viewer
application as a text document.
You can view the combinations

displayed in the Pilot:
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If you want to delete all created combinations,

right-click on "Combinations" and choose from
context menu "Delete all".
Saving CAD views

Saved views represent images of the graphic area which you can save and reuse during your work process. You can
save CAD views in the modeling phase and in the analysis step as well.
Command access
From menu: choose Edit > Save view
In the drawing area: right-click and choose from context menu "Save view"
Configuration
1.
2.
Save a descriptive model view
Access "Save view" command as shown above; you can save in this manner as many views as you want.
The saved views are displayed in the Pilot - "Saved views" system:
You can rename or delete descriptive model views using the "Saved views" system's context menu
commands.
You can create subordinate systems in "Saved views" to store the CAD images, choosing from context menu
"Create a group". Select the saved views, drag and drop to move them in the system that you choose.
Display a view
a.
Select a saved view from the Pilot and choose, from its context menu "Activate and update"; the saved view
of the workspace will be displayed.
b.
Double-click on the saved view from the Pilot to display it.
c.
In Document mode, you'll find all saved views listed as JPG files:
Press this button to choose the directory containing

the saved image.
Click on image's name to open the image file with

the default image viewer.
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Creating animation
You can create animated displays of the workspace or AVI files using Advance Design animation commands. Those
commands are active at the structure modeling and in the analysis step as well.
Command access
Animation functions are accessible from the Animation toolbar. To display the Animation toolbar:
From menu: choose Display > Toolbars > Animation
Right-click on the edge of the drawing area and choose from the context menu "Animation"
Creating animation
icon to create a camera in the center of the current view of the workspace (you can create several
Click
cameras while changing the workplane view using "Predefined views" and "Zoom" commands);
You can hide or display cameras pressing
Press
icon;
icon to open the animation configuration dialog box:
General options
You can create automatic transitions between
cameras.
Check "Cyclic animation" option to resume the

animation once it has reached the last frame.
Input values for the animation's number of frames
and for the frame rate per second.
You can anytime switch to the default values.
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AVI
Define the movie parameters (name, dimensions,

antialiasing option)
Choose the movie viewer application: press

button
to browse for the program which you want to use.
You can anytime switch to the default values.
Deformations (post-processing): refers to animation options in the post-processing step (see page 153).
Click on
icon to create an .avi file; after a few seconds, the "Video compression" window is displayed: you can
Click on
choose here a video compressor from the available list and configure the .avi file compression quality (if
necessary):
Wait a few moments while the .avi file is created; when this process is completed, the viewer application is
launched automatically and executes the .avi file.
icon to launch the animation. To stop: press ESC key;
You can find saved .avi files in the "Document" folder corresponding to the .fto file in which they were created.
125
Verify the descriptive model

Before starting the analysis process, you can perform a checking operation to make sure the model is correct (has all
the elements needed for calculation).
Command access
From menu: choose Analyze > Verify
In the Pilot: right-click on "Model" and choose from context menu "Verify"
There are three possible messages you can obtain after the verification is done:
1.
"No error found": the model is ready for analysis.
2.
"No error found but there are warnings. Check the list of warnings in the command line (bottom of the screen)". In
this case, check the command line to view the warnings list. For example:
Double-click on the warning message displayed in the command line and the element to which the message
refers will be selected (highlighted).
3.
"The model cannot be calculated because it contains errors. Check the errors list in the command line (bottom
side of the screen)": the model is not valid for the analysis process. In this case, check the command line to view
the errors list. For example:
Double-click on the error message displayed in the command line and the element to which the message refers
will be selected (highlighted).
Before starting the model analysis, use the "Count" command to find out the number of elements of your model and
the memory details. This information is important in optimizing the processing speed.
Command access
From menu: choose Tools > Count. The following window is displayed:
126
Available memory: refers to the amount of free RAM memory.
Maximum available memory: refers to the total physical RAM memory.
If during the work process the program stops and a message saying that there is not enough memory appears, follow
the next steps:
a.
From menu: choose Options > Application...
b.
Access the "Memory" tab:
c.
For a best performance, it is recommended to leave the default 0 value for allocated memory unchanged. It
means that the program will allocate an optimum memory space when the calculation process starts. If any
problems occur during calculation, check the memory information using Tools > Count command, then input
the appropriate memory value in the "Allocated memory space for calculation" field.
You can choose to generate or not selectable nodes (in the case of complex models, selectable nodes use a
larger amount of memory);
Check "Unload model" option to unload from memory the descriptive model in the processing phase. This
allows to allocate more memory for the calculation process and to improve the solver speed performances.
Access the "Results" tab:
The options of this tab allow the user to control the results saving process. In order to optimize the calculation
speed and for a good management of the disk space, it is possible to determine which entities are to be
calculated. By default, all options are checked, meaning that all elements and result types are calculated and
saved with the analysis model. If you don't need results on certain elements or certain result types, uncheck them
in order to increase the calculation performances and gain disk space.
"Families of elements": select the elements on which you want to obtain results.
"Results families": select the result types that you want to be calculated
"Save the results per modes": check this option to save the results for all modes plus their quadratic
combination; when unchecked - the program saves only the quadratic combination
127
Create the analysis model

Command access
From menu: choose Analyze > Create analysis model
From the Pilot: click on
In the drawing area: right-click and choose from context menu "Create analysis model"
Analysis model options

Access one of the above commands to display the "Calculation sequence" dialog box:
This command drives to Analysis mode, launching automatically several actions:

1.
Check "Verify" - if you want only to verify the descriptive model and create the analysis model
2.
Check "Mesh" - if you want to perform the structure meshing
3.
Check "Expert check" - to launch a verification of the model after meshing
4.
Check "Finite elements calculation" - to launch the calculation by finite elements
6.
Check "Reinforced Concrete calculation" - to launch the concrete elements calculation (whether the concrete
hypotheses and regulatory combinations have been defined) - see page 173
7.
Check "Steel calculation" - to launch the steel elements calculation (whether the steel hypotheses and regulatory
combinations have been defined) - see page 183
8.
Check "Update the exploitation views" - if you want to automatically perform all the previous steps and update any
exploitation views (in the case when the model has been post-processed and there are exploitation views)
9.
Check "Update the active calculation report" - if you want to automatically perform all the previous steps and
update the last calculation report you have generated (in the case when the model has been post-processed a
calculation report has been created)
Note:
128
The selected action is performed together with the previous actions (except the concrete and steel
calculation options). For example, if you check "Finite elements calculation", Advance Design performs
automatically the model verification, the meshing and the expert check.
Analysis mode
This working mode contains distinct operation and commands that are not accessible in the descriptive model step. At
the same time, some commands available in the modeling mode are now inactive (you cannot create or modify
structure elements in this mode).
Available commands refer to the analysis model configuration, the structure meshing, the calculation and results
exploitation.
There are two major steps to follow in the Analysis mode, each one with its own toolbar and specific commands:
1.
Hypotheses
In this phase you can:
2.
Generate and configure meshing (see page 124);
Generate analysis modeling elements (see page 127);
Launch calculation of your model (see page 131).
Exploitation
Configure the results display (see page 134);
View calculation results on the whole structure or on selected elements in different manners (diagrams,
calculation reports... - see page 138)
View the concrete design results (reinforcement, buckling results... - see page 174)
View the steel design results (shapes optimization, structure's stability... - see page 184)
Hypotheses step
Notice that the Pilot's content has changed after the creation of the analysis model:
The Pilot's items refer now to the analysis model elements, and have specific context menu commands. Thus, you
can choose to calculate or not the existing analysis cases: for each analysis case listed in the Pilot you can choose
from context menu "Do not calculate", and it will be ignored in calculation process. Uncheck the same command from
the context menu to validate the calculation of an ignored analysis case.
129
At the same time, specific commands for the pre-processing step become available. Notice that the Analysis Hypotheses toolbar is activated:
Saves analysis model views

Creates points you can use for mesh configuration
Creates lines and polylines you can use for mesh configuration
Creates DOF* restraints (after meshing)
Creates DOF constraints
Launches and displays the mesh
Expert check (verifies the model after meshing)
Display "Calculation sequence" dialog box
*
"DOF" = degree of freedom
Meshing
The meshing is an essential operation for the structure calculation with the finite elements method. It performs a
splitting-up of the structural elements in finite elements in order to affine the calculation results.
In Advance Design, the structure meshing can be done after the creation of the analysis model.
The point supports, the masses and the displacements generate nodes after the meshing operation.
The mesh attributes may be defined locally for every linear or planar element in their properties window. The loads
being always placed on the construction elements (linear and planar), their mesh is identical to the one of the
supporting elements.
Command access
From menu: choose Analyze > Mesh
From Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar: click on
From the Pilot: right-click on "Analyses" and choose from context menu "Mesh"
After that, the meshing of the structure is performed. The command line displays meshing details and announces
when the meshing is ready. Check the command line status for detailed information.
130
Mesh configuration
You can define the mesh type and mesh parameters as follows:
For the global structure
From menu: choose Options > Mesh... to display the "Mesh options" dialog box. Here you can configure the
automatic mesh type and parameters, as shown below:
Mesh: select the mesh type from the combo-box

"Delaunay" (CM2 meshing algorithm)
"Grid" (Graitec Effel meshing algorithm)
Mesh elements type

For each mesh type (Delaunay and Grid) you can define the shape of the mesh elements (for planar
elements):
"Triangles and quadrangles (T3-Q4)": splits the planar elements in parallelepiped and triangular meshes
with a node on each vertex
"Only quadrangles": creates a Q4 mesh type: parallelepiped meshes with a node on each vertex (only
for Delaunay mesh).
"Only triangles": creates a T3 mesh type: triangular meshes with a node on each vertex
"Middle node": check this option to create a middle mesh node for each mesh unit.
"Include loads in meshing": This option is selected by default, meaning that the meshing takes into account
the loads applied on the structure elements. When unchecked, the loads do not affect the meshing of the
elements.
"Default element size": type here a value for the default mesh unit size (in meters).
"Mesh tolerance": the value set in this field defines the minimal distance from which two nodes are
considered distinct.
"Reset mesh": click this button to reset the structure elements meshing to default values.
"Define by default": click this button if you want to use the same settings for all Advance Design projects that
you create.
Locally, for each structure element

In the properties list of each linear and planar element it is possible to define certain mesh parameters: you can
choose an imposed mesh, or you can choose to ignore the mesh of selected elements (see pages 57 and 58).
Note:
If during the analysis step you have modified the local or global mesh, launch the mesh command
again to take into account the new settings.
131
Mesh display
After the mesh operation, the meshing is displayed on the analysis model. For example:
Before meshing
After meshing
You can configure mesh display as follows:
Right-click in the drawing area and choose from context menu "Display the mesh";
Display nodes:
Right-click in the drawing area and choose from context menu "Display nodes";
To see ID numbers of nodes and meshes: right-click in drawing area and choose from context menu:
"Display numbers".
Number of nodes
Number of mesh elements
Display the descriptive model: right-click in the drawing area and choose from context menu "Display
descriptive model" or press
icon from the Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar.
icon from Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar and the

During this step, you can save analysis model views: press
saved view is displayed in the Pilot, under the "Saved views" system.
132
Elements of analysis modeling

After generating the global mesh it is possible to refine the mesh locally, on certain parts of the structure. Thus, in this
phase, you are able to generate geometric elements (points, lines) with the purpose of modifying the meshing, and
elements that modify the boundary conditions of the analysis model (nodes restraints, nodes constraints).
Command access
In Generate menu:
Choose the element you want to create; the available modeling elements for this step are: points, lines,
coordinate systems, DOF* constraints and DOF restraints;
Choose "Symmetry conditions" command to model the nodes restraints according to the structure's
symmetry.
From Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar: access the corresponding icons for the elements you want to create:
points,
lines,
DOF restraints or
DOF constraints.
Right-click on drawing area and choose from context menu "Generate an entity"; expand its list of commands and
choose one element type:
"DOF" = degree of freedom

133
Points
You can create points on model elements to modify the meshing of certain areas on planar or linear structure
elements. For example: create a point on a planar element and input a value for the meshes size in its properties
list (for example: 0.3). Launch mesh and notice that the meshing has changed:
Mesh configuration before creating the point element.
Mesh configuration after the point element insertion
Lines
Lines can also be used to create imposed mesh for planar elements. For example: create a line on a planar
element and configure the mesh parameters in the line's properties list (number of mesh units along linear
element, size, density, progression). After meshing, notice that the line has modified the mesh configuration:
Mesh configuration before creating the linear element.
Mesh configuration after the linear element insertion.
DOF restraints
After the meshing, you can create DOF restraints. To create a DOF restraint, use one of the following methods:
Access "Generate a DOF restraint" command as shown on page 127 and select the nodes you want to
restrain;
Access "Generate a DOF restraint" command as shown on page 127 and type in the command line the ID of
nodes you want to restrain (notice the command line message);
Select the nodes, right-click and choose from context menu "Create DOF restraints on selection".
DOF restraints are displayed in the Pilot:
Configuration
Displays information about DOF restraint's ID number, name and system ID. You
can also input observations regarding the element.
You can define here the rotation and translation liberty degrees that you wish to
restrain.
Displays the ID number of restrained node. You can restrain other nodes, typing
here the corresponding ID number.
134
DOF constraints
You can also define constraints on the degrees of freedom of the nodes after the mesh. A DOF constraint is a
rigid connection between a node defined as master and other nodes defined as slaves. Slave nodes inherit the
master's displacement behavior.
Create a DOF constraint
Tip:
a.
First display the number of nodes, to make the master-nodes selection easier: right-click in the
drawing area and choose Display the numbers > Number of nodes
Access "Create a DOF constraint" command as shown on page 127 and choose one of the
following methods:
In the drawing area, first select the node you want to define as master; after that, select
the nodes you want to define as slaves and press Enter to finish (notice the command
line messages). The links between master and slaves nodes will be displayed on your
model:
Notice the command line message: you can create the DOF links typing in the command line the ID
numbers of the master and slave nodes. Press Enter to validate each entry:
b.
Select the nodes you want to define as slaves, right-click and choose from context menu "Create DOF
constraints on selection". After that, notice the command line message: you may select the node you want to
define as master or type its ID number in the command line.
DOF constraints are displayed in the Pilot:
Configuration
Displays information about master-slave connection's ID number, name and

system ID. You can also input observations regarding the element.
You can define here the liberty degrees of the slave nodes in relation to the
master node.
Displays the ID number of master node and of slave nodes. You can add /
delete slave nodes or change the master node typing here the
corresponding IDs.
135
Symmetry conditions
Choose the "Symmetry conditions" command to automatically generate nodes restraints according to the
structure's symmetry.
Configuration
Select the mesh nodes you want to restrain;
Access the "Symmetry conditions" command; the following dialog box is displayed:
Check the option corresponding to the model symmetry plane;
DOF restraints are generated automatically on selection.
Section cuts
You can use section cuts to make possible the display of results curves for planar elements in the postprocessing step. You can create section cuts in the hypotheses step and in the exploitation step as well.
Command access
From menu: choose Generate > Section cut
In the drawing area: right-click and choose from the context menu Generate an entity > Generate a section
cut
Configuration
Access "Section cut" command as shown above and draw a section cut on the model's planar element that you
choose. After the calculation process, select the section cut and choose, from the context menu, "Result curves",
to display the results for the planar element on the section cut's length.
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Calculation
Once the analysis model has been created and the structure has been meshed, it is possible to run the model
calculation.
Command access
From menu: choose Analyze > Calculate
From Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar: click on
In the Pilot: right-click on "Analyses" and choose from context menu "Calculate"
These commands give access to "Calculation sequences" dialog box, which allow you to define the calculation
options:
Select "Finite elements calculation" to launch the model calculation with the
finite elements method.
You can also choose to perform automatically the reinforced concrete (see
page 173) and / or steel calculation (see page 183), after the FE
calculation.
During the calculation process, you can view the completed operations listed in the command line. The command
line informs you when the calculation process is finished:
After the calculation process, you can display in the command line information about each analysis / load case's
results. In the Pilot: select an item from the "Analyses" system and choose, from its context menu, "Report". The
following type of data appear in the command line:
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Configure calculation
Create calculation sequences

In Advance Design you can control the calculation of your model with the help of calculation sequences.
This function allows you to create calculation phases including the analyses that you specify. You can configure
the calculation to stop after each phase, or recalculate a previous calculated phase. With this function you have
the possibility to modify some parameters of certain analyses after each iteration of the calculation process.
To access this command, choose from menu Tools > Calculation on steps... The following dialog box is
displayed:
Create a calculation phase pressing the "Add" button; all the phases you create are displayed in the left
panel.
Add / remove load cases for each calculation phase. The middle panel contains all available load cases:
You can display the available load cases by type, accessing the combo-box placed below;
Having one phase selected (in the left panel): select the load cases you want and transfer them in the
right panel (displaying the current phase content). Press the "<<" / ">>" buttons to move / remove
selected items from one panel to another.
Check "Enable calculation on steps" option to make this command active;
Check "Pause calculation after every step" option to create a pause after each calculation sequence; thus it
will be possible to modify the analysis model between phases.
Choose the load cases to calculate

You can choose to calculate or not the existing load cases:
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For each analysis case listed in the Pilot you can choose from context menu "Do not calculate" and it will be
ignored in calculation process.
Uncheck the same command from the context menu to validate the calculation of an ignored analysis case.
Exploitation step
When the calculation is complete, the work process automatically switches to the post-processing phase and the
Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar is automatically displayed.
During the results exploitation, if certain elements of the descriptive model are selected, only the selected elements
are processed graphically. If there is no selection, the results are displayed on the entire structure on the screen.
You can choose from different types of results exploitation: graphical display, animation, result curves; report notes.
To exploit the results, you must perform the following operations:
Choose the result type you want to view (displacements, forces or stresses);
Select the element type on which you want to view the results.
Choose the coordinate system in which the results are expressed;
Select the load case(s) or the combinations you want to exploit;
Make all the results display settings you need;
Execute the exploitation pressing
icon placed on Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar.
The results configuration can be made with the help of Analyze > Results settings command. However, to save a lot
of time, you can access most of results settings from the Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar.
The Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar has the following functions:
Saves exploitation views.

Choose from this combo box the result type you want to display.
Choose the coordinates for linear and planar elements results.
Choose the load case or the combination to exploit.
Launches the exploitation process.
Opens the "Results" dialog box.
Opens the "Colors table" dialog box, where you can configure the results color
scales.
Opens the "Filter" dialog box where you can define a dynamic contouring for
the iso-values regions.
Launches post-processing animation.
Displays result curves on selected elements.
Displays the Analysis - Reinforced Concrete Results toolbar.
Displays the Analysis - Steel Results toolbar.
Hides / display the descriptive model.
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Configuration of F.E. results display

Command access
From menu: choose Analyze > Results settings...
From Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar: click on
In the drawing area: right-click and choose from context-menu "Results settings..."
Press Alt + Z keys
Configuration
In "F.E." tab of "Results" dialog box you can make the following configurations:
Choose the result type for exploitation.
Select the elements on which you want to

display the calculation results.
Select the coordinates in which the results are
expressed.
Choose from combo-box the results display
type (values, colors, diagrams etc.).
Define the scale
Press the "Case \ Combinations" button to
open a dialog box where you can choose the
load cases (or combinations) for results
exploitation (see page 137).
Check "Analyses superposition" option to
display results for all selected load cases at
the same time.
Press "Uncheck all" button to clear all

selected coordinates for each element's
results.
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Check "Envelope" option to display enveloped

results on selected load cases; you can
choose to display Min., Max. or Max(II) maximums of both signs.
Finite elements result types

The F.E. result types you can obtain during post-processing are: displacements, forces, stresses, eigen modes and
torsors.
The user has the possibility to exploit results on several element types, as nodes, linear elements, planar elements,
etc...
Displacements
You can view displacement results on nodes, linear and/or planar elements. For each element, you can choose to
display the results in the local axes or in the user coordinate systems.
For nodes and supports: possible exploitations for displacements (D) and rotations (R) (only in the global
coordinates system and in the user coordinates system)
For linear and planar elements: possible exploitations for displacements in the local axes, global or user
coordinates system
Example of displacement results on linear elements:
Forces
Forces calculated by finite element method are available for supports, linear and planar elements. Force results
refer to:
F: normal and shear forces along the local axes
M: torsion and bending moments about the local axes or user coordinates system
For planar elements, it is possible to display both the forces and the moments in the main axes. The symbols
length is thus proportional to min F and max F.
Min F and max F are defined in the main coordinate system of each element.
Example of a diagram with forces results on a linear element:
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Stresses
You can obtain normal and shear stresses on linear and planar elements; also minimum and maximum stress
values are available. You can check ground pressure viewing stresses on the planar supports.
Different types of stresses can be obtained:
Normal stresses of the linear and/or planar elements
Shear stresses of the same elements
Von Misses stress
Stresses of planar supports corresponding to the ground stresses
Example of stresses results on linear elements:
Eigen modes
For modal analysis you can choose to view the eigen modes results on linear and planar elements. The eigen
modes results are available only in "deformed" visualization mode.
Torsors
The torsors allow the visualization, in the shape of diagrams, of the following results for the "wall" planar elements
(planar elements parallel to global Z):
N (axial force)
M (moment in the element's plane)
T (shear force in the element's plane)
The torsor values for the selected load case are obtained by the numerical integration of the force curves
calculated with the finite elements method.
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Choosing load cases for post-processing

Command access
From "Results" dialog box, press "Case / Combinations" button to display the "Analyses and Combinations"
window.
Press Alt + Q keys
Configuration
Select the analysis / combination for which you want to process results checking their corresponding boxes;
For some analysis cases: additional options are available in the "Details" column (access the combo-boxes
available in each cell);
Choose an analysis type from the combo-box to select the corresponding analyses from the list;
You can select analysis cases typing their code or ID number in the box placed on the bottom-right side of the
dialog box;
Press the "All" button to check all analysis cases or "None" to uncheck all;
You can define styles by analysis cases selection using the upper buttons of the dialog box: just click on "New"
button and type a name for the created style.
You can also load an existing style and select it from the combo box or rename / delete a style clicking on the
corresponding buttons.
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Results representation modes

Graphical exploitation of results on the analysis model
In graphical processing it is possible to view results by deformed plot, iso-regions, color or values, on the whole
model or on selected elements.
Example of a graphical post-processing of results in Advance Design:
144
On the upper-left corner of the work area you can find information about: current result type; analysis case,
results coordinates, used coordinate systems.
The results color-map legend is automatically displayed in the graphic area (each color represents a value
range). You can drag and drop it anywhere in the work area for a better visualization of results.
Configuration
To configure the results exploitation, access the "Results" dialog box and, in the "Options" tab, use the following
options:
Display
This section contains options regarding the elements you can display together with the results postprocessing: the deformed plot, the descriptive model's elements, the number of mesh elements and of
nodes, the mesh nodes, the meshing, etc
"Use the colors associated to analyses": enables a result display by color of load cases instead of a
display by scale colors. That means that you can display simultaneously the results of several load
cases and to distinguish them by their color.
Values on diagrams
Extreme values: offers the possibility to display the extremes descended from the elements calculation.
In the case when you choose simultaneously to display all the results values, the extremes are easy to
recognize because they are framed.
Values on diagrams: make possible the display the values on the diagrams or on the deformed plot.
Color of values display: by default, the values are displayed with the color corresponding to the result
size. If you want to change the color of the values, press the colored rectangle on the right which opens
the colors configuration dialog box.
Background color: this option refers to the values background color. By default, the values background
is transparent. To assign a color for the values background, check this option and click on the colored
rectangle to display the colors configuration dialog box.
Display inside: sets the values position inside the diagram.
The "Font values" slider allows you to modify the font size for the result values.
Results
Display iso-lines: check this option to view results following the iso-value lines of different colors;
Smooth results on planar elements: check this option to smooth results graphically, meaning that isovalues regions will be defined considering the mean values of each node;
You can choose to display only the values on the gravity center of the mesh cells (instead of the max
value of the mesh unit).
Coordinate system
You can view the results in several coordinate systems (global, local or user defined).
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Graphical exploitation modes

a.
Deformed plot
The deformed plot is the representation of the deformed structure in relation

to the loads distribution. To view the chosen type of results on the deformed
plot you must select the result type in the "Results" dialog box - "Options"
tab and to check the option "Display results on the deformed".
For linear and planar elements displacements results it is possible to obtain the deformed shape in the global
coordinate system using the "Deformed" display mode. This deformed representation is obtained by the
results interpolation on nodes (displacements and rotations). It consists in an approximate and not an exact
representation of the deformed structure.
b.
Diagrams
Results exploitation displayed as diagrams is available only for linear elements. You can choose to display
results as diagrams from "Results" dialog box - "F.E." tab, accessing the "View mode" combo-box.
c.
Vectors
For supports you can display vector results: access "Results" dialog box - "F.E." tab and choose "vectors"
from "View mode" combo-box:
146
d.
Values
For all the model's entities you can display results as values. In "Results" dialog box:
Check "Values" option in "View mode" combo-box from "F.E." tab;
For diagram display mode, you can check "Values on diagrams" from "Options" tab.
e.
Main axes
Only for the planar elements, you can choose to display results by main axes, choosing in "Results" dialog
box - "F.E." tab, the view mode as "Main axes":
f.
Colors
To configure the results exploitation by a color range (for all the model elements except supports): in
"Results" dialog box - "F.E." tab, choose "Colors" from "View mode" combo-box:
All the results are displayed with a specific color. The color scale contains maximum 16 colors. This scale is
defined by a boundary-mark max. that corresponds to the maximum visualized value, and a boundary-mark
min. that corresponds to the minimum visualized value. The colors are distributed (using a linear or nonlinear function) between the maximal and the minimal value of all the visualized results. This scale of colors
appears on the bottom-left side of the work area.
147
To configure the colors used for results display, access the "Colors table" dialog box pressing
Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar:
You can choose the number of colors
used for results display, typing here the
value that you choose (maximum
allowed value: 16).
Check "Regions" option if you want to
display color regions (eliminates the
fading effect).
Choose from combo-box a color display
style.
Press those buttons to increase /

decrease the color boundaries of
displayed values.
icon from
Use those buttons to choose a

linear or non-linear distribution of
colors for the result values.
Press this button to open a dialog

box where you can input values for
maximum and minimum color
boundaries of the displayed values.
Use this cursor to adjust the

dimension of the color scale table
displayed in the work area.
To view the color legend in the graphic

area, check "Active" option.
icon from Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar to open "Filter" dialog box, where you can choose the
Press
display boundary of the iso-values regions:
You can filter the colors by the results which are
greater or lesser than the input value.
You can also use the slider to modify dynamically
the filter value (the graphical display updates at the
same time).
148
g.
Iso-lines
To display results iso-lines (on planar elements only): in "Results" dialog box - "F.E" tab, choose "Iso-lines"
from "View mode" combo-box.
You can also display iso-lines together with other results visualization modes using the following commands:
In "Results" dialog box - "Options" tab, check "Display iso-lines" option
Right-click in the drawing area and choose from context menu "Display the iso-lines"
h.
Iso-regions
To display results iso-regions (on planar elements only): in "Results" dialog box - "F.E" tab, choose "Isoregions" from "View mode" combo-box.
Result curves
Results curves represent another manner of results exploitation. They allow the access, in the shape of curves, to
different results of the structure (displacements, forces, stresses, deflections). With this feature you can also
obtain values for particular points, envelope curves or diagram resultants.
To display result curves:
For linear elements: select one or several contiguous linear elements and simply access the "Results curves"
command;
For planar elements: you must first define a section cut crossing the area of interest. Select the section cut
and access the "Result curves" function.
Command access
From menu: choose Analyze > Result curves
In the drawing area: select the element(s), right-click and choose from context menu "Result curves"
149
Configuration
The default window that opens after launching the result curves command on selection contains two predefined
curves representing the pair of efforts of the most interest (Fz and My for linear elements and Mxx and Myy for
the section cuts on the planar elements):
You can modify the content of the active window, which is the one marked with a blue rectangle. To activate a
window, just click on it.
You can change the result type and the result coordinates from the upper combo-boxes.
Click on
Press
icon to apply the changes and to view the new curves in the active window.
icon to smooth results on planar elements (the mean values on nodes are also calculated).
You can anytime obtain other curves with the help of the curves configuration window, which you can access
pressing
150
icon:
1.
Select the result types you are interested in from combo-box (displacements, forces or stresses);
2.
Select the element for the results exploitation;
3.
Choose the result coordinates for the selected element (you can check multiple coordinates);
4.
Choose the abscissa type:

a.
"Length": allows to view curves on the element's length.
b.
"Analysis": displays influence lines on an element with the load cases on the abscissa.
5.
Press the "Case / Combinations" button to open the "Analyses and Combinations" dialog box, where you can
select the load cases or combinations for which you want to view results;
6.
"Smooth results on planar elements" command is available also here in the shape of a check-box.
7.
Click "OK" after you have made all the necessary settings; a new window appears, containing the result
curves for the chosen elements.
You will obtain as many curve windows as the number of results you have checked.
Double-click on the curve you want to configure and a new window appears, where you can see detailed result
curves and configure their display:
You can access the curve commands either using the icons on the upper side of the window, or using the graph
area's context menu:
Press
to display the "Point editing" window which contains the points of the curve and their results for
each analysis taken into account. This table can be printed or opened with Microsoft Excel.
Press
curve:
icon to display a window where you can choose the analyses taken into account for the results
151
Press
icon to display the graph legend;
Press
to display the curve points and their result values;
Press
to display only the points with extreme values;
Press
to display the points with null values;
Press
icon to view the envelope curves of the selected load cases or combinations;
You can zoom on the curves using the following commands:

Press
icon to zoom in the selection
Press
icon to zoom only the abscissa area
Press
icon to zoom all
To display results on specific coordinates: press

icon to activate the ruler and click on the graph area to
point the location you are interested to display results; the following window appears, containing result values
for each analysis case:
Press
152
icon to display resultants for each analysis case; for example:
Press
to view the resultant values in a table which can be printed or opened with Microsoft Excel
You can save the graph image pressing

icon; the image will be saved as a. bmp file, located on your
disk, in the "document" directory corresponding to the current file, in a "Curves" folder created by
default. This curve can be automatically inserted afterwards in a calculation report;
Press
icon to access the graph configuration dialog box. The changes performed on each tab of this
dialog box are visible in the right panel preview. To make some changes without closing the window,
click on "Apply" button; to apply the settings and close the window, click "OK" or press Enter.
Graphic
Choose the graph type (mathematical or scientific);

Configure the graph dimensions for each side;
Choose the graph's background color: press "Color..." button to open the colors configuration
dialog box;
You can enable the legend display and configure the legend's font parameters (click on "Font"
button to open the "Font" dialog box);
You can save the graphic configuration as a style; thus you can use several graphic styles. When
needed, just load a style to apply a certain configuration by a single click. Use the given buttons
from the "Style" zone to edit graph styles.
153
Title
You can give a title to the graph and configure its orientation and the font parameters.
Axes
Configure the X and Y axes: you can choose to display them or not and configure their line style,
thickness and color;
You can give a name for each axis and configure its font parameters (click on "Font..." button);
You can choose to display or not the axis units and the extreme values (press "Font..." button to
configure their font parameters).
154
Scales
You can configure the scale type for each axis (choose from "Axes" combo-box the axis type):
logarithmic display; line type, color and font parameters of scale values;
You can activate the display of scale ticks and define the number of graduations.
Grids
You can choose to display or not the grid lines for X and Y coordinates;
Configure the line type, thickness and color for the grids;
You can configure the style for the zero line;
You can define the gridlines number placed between two axis references.
155
Curves
You can choose here the display of extreme values, zeros and point symbols and customize their
font parameters (press "Font" button) and symbol size (slide the cursor between minimum and
maximum sizes)
To print the graph image, press
icon to configure the print parameters; the following window appears:
You can define a printing scale (check "Use predefined scales" option).
156
Stresses diagrams for linear elements

This function allows the analysis of the stresses distribution on a given section. For this, you must select a linear
element and activate the command to access the stresses diagram window.
Command access
From menu: choose Analyze > Section stresses
In the drawing area: right-click on selection and choose from context menu "Sections stresses"
Section stresses display

After you have accessed "Section stresses" command, a diagram window appears, where you can view detailed
stresses results on the linear element's section:
Check the desired stresses result (on x, y and z local axes);

Press "Case / Combinations" button to display the "Analyses and Combinations" dialog box, where you
can choose one load case to process for stresses results;
Choose from the "Selected analysis" combo-box the current analysis for the stresses results (if there are
several selected analyses);
You must specify afterwards the abscissa on the element length on which you want to view the stresses
distribution. To do that, you can either slide the cursor placed on the bottom-left side of the window,
either typing a value on the corresponding field. In both cases, the stresses display updates in real time.
You can save the stresses diagram as an image file with the help of
under "document" folder of the current Advance Design project.
icon. The image file is stored
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Exploitation methods
Exploitation views
Saving an exploitation view is not about saving a simple image at a certain moment, but a veritable scenario
preserving the entire context from which you can recreate the exploitation, containing the results settings, the
view point, the selection, etc.
You can create exploitation views and update them at your choice; these images are saved as JPG files on your
computer.
Command access
From menu: choose Edit > Save view
In the drawing area: right-click and choose from context menu "Save view"
Configuration
In the Pilot - Analysis mode, you can find a system named "Exploitation", where the saved exploitation
views are to be stored.
From this system you can create subsystems to organize the saved exploitation views.
"Exploitation" system and its subordinate items have their own context menu, from which you can choose
different options:
Update all exploitation view from the selected system.
Create subordinate systems for the saved exploitation
views.
You can export the subsystems tree-structure as an .xml
file. As well, you can load a previously saved exploitation
list, which can be updated for the current project.
Choose this command or double-click on a view to
activate and to enlarge it.
Delete or rename exploitation.
Exploitation views have a default name containing: the view's ID number; the name of the result type
(displacements, forces or stresses); the results coordinates and the load case's ID number.
The exploitation views have a status visible in the pilot: a green mark means that the exploitation views are up-todate, and a red mark - that it is required to update the exploitation view:
All the image files correspondent to the saved exploitation views can be found in "document" folder of the .fto file.
158
Animation
In the post-processing phase, you can obtain an animated display of the results on the deformed plot. The
animation command in this phase has an effect if the graphical exploitation of results has been displayed at least
once. As well, you can create AVI files starting from the post-processed model animation and configure the
animation parameters using the available options.
Command access
From Animation toolbar: click on
To stop the animation: press Esc key
Configuration
In "Advanced CAD options" dialog box: access "Deformations (post-processing)" tab to configure the postprocessing animation as follows:
"Sinus(t) interpolation": defines the movement speed
by a sinusoidal interpolation.
"Dynamic Color Map": displays the results as a
dynamic color specter during animation.
"Round-trip": animates the structure starting from the
initial state to the maximum displacement and back.
"Vibratory mode": animates the structure alternating
between the positive and negative values.
To create movie files (.avi) of the post-processing model animation: click on
icon from the Animation toolbar.
For other animation setting details, see pages 118 and 123.
159
Calculation reports
With Advance Design you can generate complete calculation reports, containing data and results in different
outputs (tables, texts, images, graphical exploitations, etc). Reports can be generated in different formats (DOC,
RTF, TXT), with the possibility of being edited using a corresponding application.
You can find all output documents in the "document" folder of the current project and you can access them from
the Document mode of the pilot.
Command access
From menu: choose Documents > Generate a new report
From the Pilot: access the Document mode, right-click in the pilot's area and choose from context menu
"New report"
Configuration
With "Generate a new report" command you have access to a report generator, which consists in a dialog box
where you can configure the report's content and appearance:
160
The report generator has two panels: the right panel contains all data you can add to your report (accessible
from the tabs placed on the upper side of the window) and in the left panel you can view the current report's
content:
Press
to remove from the left panel the items you don't want to appear in the report.
press
To clear all contents from the left panel: click on .
to add the selected items from the right panel (or double-click on the items you want to add), and
You can move selected items in the left panel (and thus create the document's content's tree structure) using
the buttons from the window upper-left side (on the left, on the right, up, down).
You can view the content of the selected table's header row on the bar placed at the bottom side of the
window.
The report's content can be saved as a template, pressing the "Save" button placed on the lower side of the
window.
As well, you can load an existing report template pressing the "Load" button: an "Open" dialog box appears
and you can browse for the report template on your disk.
Press "Table properties" button to access the settings options (if available) for the selected report items.
Each item added in left panel of the "Report Generator" dialog box has a context menu:
Gives access to item's settings, if available.
You can choose not to generate specified items in the calculation report. You can perform
the same command double-clicking on the item you want to exclude.
Unwind this command's list and you can choose to save or to load a report template.
You can move report's items accessing this list's commands.
You can rename the report's items.
You can choose from here to launch the report generation.
You can configure the report to display the results by specified load cases: press "Case / Combination" button to
display a dialog box where you can select the load cases that you want:
You can select the available load cases for every result type, performing the selection in the corresponding tab
("Displacement", "Forces" or "Stresses").
You can choose the load cases using various methods:
Check the load cases from the available table;
Type the code of the load case you want to select in the "Code" cell;
Choose the category of load cases you want to select from the "Type" combo-box: all the load cases
corresponding to the specified type will be selected ("Combination"; "Envelopes"; "Buckling"; "Modal";
"Seismic"; "Static"; "All types");
Click "All" to select all the load cases from the list, or "None" to deselect all.
161
A.
Available data for calculation reports

Each tab placed on the upper-side of the "Report Generator" dialog box contains a different data type, with a
specific content:
Document
Contains elements of document's structure which you can add to the calculation report: cover page, table of
contents, chapters, text, images, section breaks and page breaks:
On the left panel, access "Document" properties, to make the following settings:
Each report has a default name; you can rename the
document as you choose using this field.
Customize the document's margins (typing the dimensions
you choose in the corresponding cells) and choose a paper
size from the list.
Choose a document template typing its path or pressing

button to browse for it on your computer.
Choose the document viewer application from a specified
location on your computer.
Choose the report format (.rtf, .doc or .txt viewed in Excel).
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You can add a cover sheet to the calculation report. Access its properties list (from context menu or
pressing "Table properties" button) to configure its contents, as shown below:
Type a description for the document type and an ID number to be displayed on the report's cover
sheet;
You can insert an image in the cover sheet's title block: type the image's path or press
to browse for the image file on your computer.
button
You can insert revision lines in the cover sheet's title block: from "Index" field, click on
button to add lines (labeled as 0, A, B, C, etc) or click on
button to delete revision lines.
Fill in "Modification", "Author" and "Verifier" fields with the corresponding data; those fields are
linked to the current revision entry. In order to fill in each revision line, select the ID of the index
entry from the "Index" combo-box before typing the required information in the fields below.
You can choose to display or not the time and date in the cover sheet title block, using the
correspondent check-box.
You can add a table of contents to your document and as many chapters as you want. Access the
chapter's properties:
You can type a name for each chapter in the "Description" field;
You can to insert a page break before the specified chapter.
You can insert text in your report. To edit text, access its properties:
You can add a short description for the text you want to insert in
the document.
You can choose the text source: check "File" option, and in this
case, specify in the field below the text file location on your
computer; or check the "Keyboard" option and then type the text in
the "Input text" field.
163
In the calculation report you can insert any picture from a specified location. Access image's properties
and configure it as shown below:
Type a name for the image you want to insert.

Specify the image file's path on your computer.
You can customize the image's scale on horizontal and on vertical.
You can customize the image's size (on width and height) and its
page orientation.
You can insert section breaks or page breaks between the documents items; to define the breaks
position, use the move buttons from the upper side of the "Report Generator" dialog box or the context
menu commands.
Table
In this section you can find data tables, referring to all information concerning the model's structure and
calculation results. Each table category contains subordinate groups, which you can view expanding their
tree structure (press "+" sign):
Note:
The tables available in the report generator of your project correspond to the elements of the
current model. Only the tables of existing data and results are thus accessible.
The table categories are:

1.
Finite elements analysis

Geometrical data
Displays information concerning the model's structure configuration: space orientation, dimensions,
sections and materials characteristics, elements description (types, parameters etc)
Loading data
Contains data regarding loading description (climatic loads, global actions, seismic analysis, case
families, loads, combinations)
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Results
This category contains tables of calculation results referring to:
Modal analysis
Seismic results by mode
Generalized buckling
Displacements (for nodes, supports, linear and planar elements)
Forces (for supports, linear and planar elements)
Stresses (for linear and planar elements)
Envelopes
Contains envelopes of results on displacements, forces and stresses for each element:
Envelopes of envelopes
Global envelopes
Absolute concomitant envelopes
Signed concomitant envelopes
2.
Steel analysis
Data
Calculation hypotheses
Load cases
Stored shapes
Results
Deflections verification
Buckling and lateral-torsional buckling lengths
Ka-Kb coefficient details by node
Ka-Kb coefficient details by element
Envelopes and shapes optimization
Shape sheets
2.
Reinforced Concrete analysis

Data
Calculation hypotheses
Linear elements characteristics
Planar elements characteristics
Results
Reinforcement areas linear elements
Reinforcement areas planar elements
Sizing torsor planar elements
Concrete stress planar elements
Reinforcement ratio linear elements
Reinforcement ratio planar elements
Oblique bending verification
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For certain table categories you can access a properties dialog box to configure additional settings using
"Table properties" command (from context menu or pressing the "Table properties" button):
For tables containing data of structure elements (description and results), the following properties box is
available:
View \ change the table's name.
Highlight the table rows in gray alternating with not-colored rows,
for an enhanced perception.
Check this option to display the conventions used in the table.
Only for results tables:
Choose the part of the element on which you want to view
the results.
Choose the coordinate system in which the results are
expressed (on global, local axes or user - defined).
Check this option to display data only for the load cases
selected in the table below (all load cases are selected by
default). For an easier selection of load cases, use the
analyses selection fields placed on the bottom side of the
window ("Analysis type" combo-box and "Code" field).
Check this option to display data only on elements
corresponding to the selected systems from the list below.
Click on "Advanced options" button to display more options.
For seismic results tables (on modal analysis and seismic results by mode), the following properties box
is available:
Select the analysis case for which you want to view results.
Choose the coordinate system in which the results are
expressed.
Display the symbol conventions.
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Exploitation*
All exploitation views created in the post-processing phase can be found in "Exploitation" tab of the report
generator.
Curve*
You can find saved result curves in "Curves" tab of the report generator.
Views*
Access "Views" tab of the report generator to insert in your report saved views of the descriptive or analysis
model.
"Exploitation", "Curve" and "Views" tabs contain image files which you can insert as pictures in your report.
167
B.
Calculation report templates

Several report templates are available with the application.
Command access
From Documents menu, choose one of the available report templates commands: "Hypotheses report";
"Bill of quantities"; "Loads distribution" or "Synthetic report of envelopes".
Access the report templates from the "Report generator" dialog box:
Clicking on "Load" button;
Choosing "Report template" command from the left panel's context menu.
For each template, the left panel of the report generator has a specific pre-defined content:
Hypotheses report
Contains a brief description of the model's geometry and the loading hypotheses:
Standard report
The standard report allows you to view the most common results obtained after the model calculation,
concerning the supports reactions, the forces and the minimum and maximum stresses of linear elements.
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Bill of quantities
Contains measurement data tables of the model's structure elements:
Loads distribution
This template concerns support reactions:
Synthetic report of envelopes

Contains data tables of envelopes results (displayed by result and by element type):
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C.
Generate and view a report

After you have chosen and configured the report contents (or you have loaded a report template), launch
"Generate" command from the "Report generator" dialog box to create the report:
Pressing "Generate" button
Choosing "Generate" command from left panel context menu
While the document generation is in process, the left panel displays information regarding the process
status:
If you want to view the generation details after the creation of the report, in the "Report generator" dialog box
click on "Open log" button. The content of this log is displayed in the left panel of the window.
When the generation process is completed, the viewer application starts and opens automatically the report.
You can view, edit, print etc. your report using the chosen viewer application.
Example of a report:
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Document mode
Document mode, accessible from the Pilot, contains all types of files you create during the modeling and exploitation
steps: descriptive model views, exploitation views, report notes.
This mode provides an easier access to all files created using the Advance Design commands.
The Pilot displays the project's documents as shown in the following example:
Each item displayed in the Document list represents a link to the corresponding file. Using the files context menu
commands, you open them, edit (in the case of reports) or delete them.
You can view detailed information for each document: name, size, type, date of the last modification.
In the Pilot, the Document mode has its own context menu, from where you can access commands regarding the
files management and display:
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Chapter 5
Advance Design Experts
Advance Design integrates specialized design modules that allow you
to study reinforced concrete or steel structures. The hypotheses
definition, the calculation and results exploitation are performed within
the same interface with the finite elements calculation.
For an expert analysis it is required to:
Define the general and local design hypotheses
Define the regulatory combinations, corresponding to the studied

material (concrete / steel)
Run the finite elements calculation and the desired expert design
analyses
In this chapter:
Reinforced Concrete Design

Steel Design
Define design templates
Reinforced Concrete Design

Advance Design is provided with specialized design functions that allow you to analyze and optimize the reinforced
concrete elements.
Advance Design is conceived as a complete software that integrates, within the same interface, all the structural
design functionalities (modeling, finite elements calculation, reinforced concrete design, etc.). We call "Reinforced
Concrete Design" the concrete design module of the software (hypotheses definition, reinforced concrete calculation
...).
The concrete design expert allows you to:
Determine the reinforcement of concrete linear elements (beams, short beams, variable beams) and planar
elements (membranes, plates, shells, plane strains)
Calculate the columns buckling lengths
Verify columns with interaction curves
The following conditions must be fulfilled in order to study your model with the concrete design expert:
The concrete regulatory combinations have been defined
The global / local reinforced concrete design hypotheses have been defined
The model has been calculated with the finite elements method.
Definition of concrete design regulatory combinations

The concrete design expert calculates the concrete elements by serviceability limit states (ELS) and ultimate limit
states (ELU and ELUA). The combinations of load cases taken into account for the reinforced concrete calculation are
defined with the help of "Combinations" dialog box (see page 121 for utilization details).
The combinations window contains 3 tabs (Combinations, Concrete and Steel) corresponding to FE combinations,
concrete combinations and steel combinations. Thus, the combinations which have been defined (by manual input or
by loading a standard combinations file) within the "Combinations" tab are automatically recognized and loaded in the
"Concrete" tab of the "Combinations" dialog box. You can define afterwards for each combination the limit state type
and the time period of loads application.
You can define the parameters of each concrete combination.
Press "Modify list" button to access a dialog box that allows you to
add / remove combinations for the concrete calculation.
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You can filter the displayed combinations using the available

criteria.
Concrete design hypotheses

As shown above in this document, it is compulsory to define accurately all design hypotheses before launching the
reinforced concrete calculation.
These calculation hypotheses are defined at two levels: the global hypotheses from the reinforced concrete design
hypotheses dialog box, and the local hypotheses from the properties window of concerned elements.
The global hypotheses comprise the calculation methods of reinforced concrete, the columns verification,
reinforcement and buckling parameters, etc.
The local hypotheses concern the elements concrete cover, the cracking criteria, the concrete quality, etc.
The concept of "design template" allows an easier assignment of design properties to elements organized in complex
structures. Thus, it is possible to define a certain configuration of design attributes and assign it by a single click to
several elements. The design templates creation and utilization is described further on this document (see page 197).
Global hypotheses
Command access
From menu: choose Hypotheses > Reinforced Concrete Design > Calculation hypotheses
This command opens the "Calculation hypotheses" dialog box, where you can define the reinforced concrete
calculation hypotheses (reinforcements, buckling, calculation sequence, regulation, columns calculation).
Regulation
Select the calculation method of the reinforcement area of planar elements.

Specify the type of forces taken into account at the reinforcement calculation
and the coordinate system in which these forces are expressed.
Specify if Addendum 99 of BAEL is taken into account.

Specify the bending calculation method (for the determination of reinforcements
under compression).
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Columns calculation
Check to enable the columns calculation.
When checked, the columns calculation method is determined automatically by
the program.
Manual selection of the columns calculation method.
Calculation parameters for the iterative method and for the oblique bending
verifying:
Incremental step at iterative reinforcement calculation.
Possibility to increase the calculated reinforcement. For example, the
increasing of sections obtained by simple compression in order to take into
account a complementary offset moment.
dx and dy parameters correspond to the size of mesh elements along x and y
axes of the section at the calculation of interaction curves.
Composed biaxial bending "Perchat" method:
If enabled, the normal force and the concrete strength will
according to the eccentricity ratio.
If disabled, the normal force and the concrete strength will
according to the sections dimensions ratio. This option is
when the column is subject to very weak bending moments in
directions.
Reinforcements
This tab allows the definition of reinforcement stock to use.
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be distributed
be distributed
recommended
one of the two
Buckling
Define the type of structure for the buckling lengths calculation by Ka Kb

coefficients. You can specify for xy and xz planes if the structure has fixed or
hinged nodes.
If these options are unchecked, there is no specification for the structure's
stability and the buckling lengths are calculated by the local parameters of each
element.
Calculation sequence
The options of this tab allow you to select the chain of actions to perform at the
reinforced concrete calculation:
"Verify": this command checks for errors the concrete elements,
"Calculate": this command performs the calculation of concrete elements
"Verify columns with interaction curves": after the columns calculation, this
command performs a verification of vertical linear elements, checking if the
force component is inside the interaction area. If not, it will generate a list of
errors for the column elements with the force component outside the
interaction area.
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Local hypotheses
Planar elements reinforced concrete design properties
To take into account the element for expert calculation, the option "To calculate" must be
checked.
You can assign a design template that defines the element's design properties (see page 190).
Choose from the combo-box one of the available templates.
Definition of the distances from the gravity center of the reinforcement to the fibers extremities
(lower and higher) along x and y local axes.
Cracking hypotheses:
Choose from the combo-box the cracking criteria to be taken into account (Not prejudicial,
Prejudicial, Very prejudicial, Imposed stress).
For the "Imposed stress" criteria, input the reinforcement stress values along the local x
and y axes in the corresponding fields.
"Magnification": you can define a magnification of the calculated theoretical reinforcement
sections along x and y local axes.
Define the reinforcement orientation on x and y local axes of the planar element: input the
desired reinforcement angle for each direction in the corresponding fields.
Linear elements reinforced concrete properties

checked.
Definition of the distances from the gravity center of the reinforcement to the to the fibers
extremities (lower and higher) along y and z local axes.
Cracking hypotheses:
Choose from the combo-box the cracking criteria to be taken into account (Not prejudicial,
Prejudicial, Very prejudicial, Imposed stress).
For the "Imposed stress" criteria, input the reinforcement stress values along the local y
and z axes in the corresponding fields.
"Magnification": you can define a magnification of the calculated theoretical reinforcement
sections along y and z local axes.
Specify if the element is the object of a construction joint with the help of the corresponding
check-box.
Magnification of the concrete strength to the shear force.
Enable / disable the beams calculation by simple bending (of interest if the beam is solicited by
combined bending and the normal force is not to be taken into account)
Columns calculation options:
Enable / disable the calculation of the selected column
Define the buckling lengths: click in the "Buckling lengths" cell and press
icon to access
the buckling configuration dialog box (see details on page 172). You can also input the
buckling lengths along y and z local axes in the corresponding cells.
To define the columns longitudinal reinforcement: click in the "Reinforcement" cell and
press
icon to access dialog box in which you can modify the reinforcement parameters
(see page 172).
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Definition of buckling lengths

In this dialog box it is possible to define the buckling lengths hypotheses of the selected linear element.
Specify if the element is subject to buckling
Choose from the combo-box the
calculation mode of the buckling
lengths for xy and xz planes of the
element (auto, imposed or ratio). In
"auto" mode, the buckling length is
defined after the calculation method
specified in the concrete design
hypotheses dialog (see page 170). For
imposed mode, input the calculation
coefficient in the field on the right.
After the concrete calculation (see page

173), the calculated buckling lengths of the
element are displayed in these fields.
For both planes of the element, you

can specify if the structure has fixed or
displaceable nodes.
Definition of the longitudinal reinforcement

At the reinforced concrete calculation, the program determines automatically the appropriate reinforcement
for each column. These reinforcements are displayed in the "Modification of longitudinal reinforcement"
dialog box (see below).
Within the same dialog box the user may define a certain section starting from an already know
reinforcement, based on interaction curves.
You can access this command by a click on
properties window.
icon placed in "Reinforcement" cell from the linear element's

Check here the "Imposed values" options to specify that the
concrete expert should leave the input reinforcement
parameters unchanged.
Choose from the combo-boxes the main and secondary
reinforcement diameters.
Input the number of main and secondary reinforcement bars

along "a" and "b" sides (see image on the left).
View the interaction curves issued from the concrete

calculation (see page 176).
Note:
After defining the columns hypotheses, it is necessary to enable the columns verification in the
global concrete hypotheses. Choose from menu: Hypotheses > Reinforced Concrete
Design > Calculation hypotheses and in the "Calculation sequence" tab check the option
"Verify columns with interaction curves" (see page 170 for details).
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Reinforced concrete calculation

The Concrete Design Expert performs the reinforcement calculation of the concrete linear and planar elements by
serviceability limit states (ELS) and ultimate limit states (ELU and ELUA).
The calculation is done on the standard combinations defined by user, after the finite elements calculation.
Command access
From menu: choose Analyze > Reinforced Concrete calculation
Run the reinforced concrete calculation
The status bar displays the progression of each concrete calculation process. It is possible to stop the calculation
pressing the "Cancel" button placed on the status bar
When the calculation is finished, the command line displays the message "Reinforced concrete calculation
finished". The "Analysis - Reinforced Concrete Results" toolbar is displayed, allowing the exploitation of concrete
design results.
If errors are found during the concrete design calculation, these are automatically displayed in an errors report at
the end of the sequence.
If you have modified the local or global concrete design hypotheses, you must run again the reinforced concrete
calculation in order to take into account the new settings.
Note:
If the descriptive model has been also modified, it is required to run again the finite elements
calculation, before launching the concrete calculation. You can define the desired succession of
actions via the "Calculation sequences" dialog box (see page 170).
Configuration of concrete results display

Command access
From Analysis - Reinforced Concrete Results toolbar: click on
Press Alt + Z keys
Configuration
In "Concrete" tab of "Results" dialog box you can make the following configurations:
Select the elements on which you want to display the calculation results.
Select the coordinates in which the results are expressed.
Choose from combo-box the results display type (values, colors,

diagrams etc.).
Define the scale of displacement displayed in the graphic area and the
diagrams scale.
Press "Uncheck all" button to clear all selected coordinates for each
element's results.
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Concrete Design results types

Available concrete result types are: reinforcement area, buckling lengths and reinforcement ratio. During exploitation
step it is possible to view only one type of results at a time.
Command access
From Analysis - Reinforced Concrete Results toolbar: access the results combo-box
From "Results" dialog box: in "Concrete" tab access the results combo-box (see page 173)
Concrete Design available results
Reinforcement area
Results for linear elements:
Ay: longitudinal upper and lower reinforcement area along y axis

Az: longitudinal upper and lower reinforcement area along z axis
Amin: minimum reinforcement area
Aty: transverse reinforcement area along y axis
Atz: transverse reinforcement area along z axis
Al: longitudinal reinforcement area
Atmin: minimum transverse reinforcement area
Results for planar elements:
Axi: lower reinforcement area along x axis

Ayi: lower reinforcement area along y axis
Axs: upper reinforcement area along x axis
Ays: upper reinforcement area along y axis
At: transverse reinforcement area
Buckling lengths
The columns buckling lengths are calculated with Ka-Kb method. It is possible to define the calculation of buckling
lengths via the concrete calculation hypotheses dialog box (see page 177) or via the linear elements properties
window (see page 171).
Lfy: Buckling length along the local y axis

Lfy/Elem. length: Buckling length along the local y axis / element's length
Lfz: Buckling length along the local z axis
Lfz/Elem. length: Buckling length along the local z axis / element's length
Slenderness ratio Lfy: Slenderness ratio corresponding to buckling along local y axis
Slenderness ratio Lfz: Slenderness ratio corresponding to buckling along local z axis
Max slenderness ratio: Maximum slenderness ratio
Reinforcement ratios
Results for linear elements:
RV: Theoretical reinforcement ratio by volume unit

RL: Theoretical reinforcement ratio by length unit
Results for planar elements:
RV: Theoretical reinforcement ratio by volume unit

RS: Theoretical reinforcement ratio by surface unit
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Post-processing of Concrete Design results

After you have performed the reinforced concrete calculation, the concrete results are available and ready for postprocessing.
At this moment, the Analysis - Reinforced Concrete Results toolbar is automatically displayed. This toolbar allows
you to easily access the reinforced concrete results:

Choose the available concrete results on linear / planar elements.
Display the results in the graphic area.
Opens the "Colors table" dialog box, where you can configure the results color
scales (see page 142).
Opens the "Filter" dialog box where you can define a dynamic contouring
for the iso-values regions (see page 142).
Create animation (see page 153).
Displays result curves on selected elements (see page 143).
Example of a graphical exploitation of concrete design results
If you have selected some structure elements, the results are displayed on selection. If not, the results are
displayed on the entire structure.
The elements of the current exploitation are listed in the upper-left corner of the graphic area.
The results color-map legend is displayed on the lower side of the work area (see page 142)
To clear the results displayed in the graphic area: keep the "Esc" key pressed
You can also view the Concrete Design results with the help of calculation reports (see page 154). For this
purpose, the report generator provides a large set of concrete result tables.
182
Columns calculation
The column's analysis with the concrete expert concerns:
The reinforcement dimensioning for each column (automatic or imposed by user)
The combined bending verifying of columns with interaction curves (checking if the column's force component is
inside the interaction area)
Advance Design provides the possibility to obtain the columns interaction curves. These are calculated taking into
account the columns reinforcement, which is either automatically determined by the concrete expert or specified by the
user. Also, the combined bending verifying of columns with interaction curves allows you to quickly identify the
columns having the force component outside the interaction area.
After you have modified the reinforcement parameters of the concerned columns and / or the columns calculation
hypotheses, rerun the concrete calculation. Thus you can iterate the concrete expertise until you obtain the proper
reinforcement for each column.
Verify columns with interaction curves
The columns analysis comprises two steps: the reinforcement calculation (except the case when the reinforcement is
imposed by the user), then the interaction curves verification considering the assigned reinforcement.
After the calculation, the interaction curves for each column can be visualized via their properties window. The
interaction curves verifying can be done by two methods:
Interactively for each column: the user accesses the interaction curves for each column to check if the force
component is inside the interaction area.
1.
Select the desired column (vertical linear element)
2.
In the element's properties window: go to Design Experts > Columns calculation > Reinforcement
3.
Click on
4.
In this window: click on "Curve" button to open the "Interaction curves" dialog box
icon to open the "Modification of longitudinal reinforcement" dialog box
183
In "Interaction curves" dialog box:

You can view the interaction curves available for axial force (Fx) and bending moments (My/Mz)
You can obtain an advanced visualization of the curve by double-clicking on it; the curve is displayed in a
separate window, containing commands for displaying / editing the curves components (see "Result
curves" on page 143):
Automatically: in "Calculation hypotheses" dialog box corresponding to the concrete design, enable the "Verify
columns with interaction curves" function, which is included in the concrete calculation process (see page 177).
This function checks the columns interaction curves and returns messages with the IDs of columns with the force
component outside the interaction area (if any).
It is also possible to generate a calculation report with the combined bending verifying results. You can find the
table with these results in the "Table" tab of report generator, under Reinforced Concrete Analysis group (see
page 154 to learn about calculation reports).
184
Steel Design
The Advance Design is provided with a steelwork design component, with the help of which you can perform the
analysis and optimization of steel elements.
Advance Design is conceived as a complete software that integrates, within the same interface, all the structural
design functionalities (modeling, finite elements calculation, reinforced concrete design, etc.). We call "Steel Design"
the steel design module of the software (hypotheses definition, steel calculation, sections optimization...).
The steel design expert allows you to:
Analyze deflections
Verify the sections resistance and the element's stability according to buckling and lateral-torsional buckling
Optimize the steel shapes.
The following conditions must be fulfilled in order to calculate your model with the steel design expert:
The steel regulatory combinations must be defined
The global / local steel design hypotheses have been defined
The model must be calculated at first with the finite elements method.
Definition of steel design regulatory combinations

The combinations of load cases taken into account for the calculation of steel elements are defined with the help of
"Combination" dialog box (see page 115 for utilization details).
The combinations window contains 3 tabs (Combinations, Concrete and Steel) corresponding to FE combinations,
concrete combinations and steel combinations. The combinations defined after the steel regulation codes* (by manual
input or by loading a standard combinations file) are automatically recognized and loaded in the "Steel" tab of the
"Combinations" dialog box.
You can configure here the combinations taken into account for the calculation of deflections, shapes and connections
of steel elements.
Select from the combo-box the type of steel verification (deflections,
shapes and connections) to view all the combinations taken into account.
You can define the parameters of each combination specific to the

selected type of verification (deflections, shapes and connections).
Press "Modify list" button to access a dialog box that allows you to add /
remove combinations for the steel calculation.
You can filter the displayed combinations using the

criteria of this combo-box.
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Steel Design Hypotheses

The steel design hypotheses concern, in particular:
The deflection verification
The buckling and lateral-torsional buckling calculation
The structure's optimization criteria
These hypotheses may be defined globally (from the steel calculation hypotheses dialog box) or locally, via the
properties window of the concerned elements.
Global hypotheses
Command access
From menu: choose Hypotheses > Steel Design > Calculation hypotheses
This command opens the "Calculation hypotheses" dialog box, where you can define the steel calculation
hypotheses (verification, optimization, shapes selection, buckling, calculation sequence).
Verification tab
Select the shapes calculation type, considering the force type taken into
account (Fx only for tension - compression; Fx, Fy and Mz for combined
bending; Fx, Fy, Fz, My and Mz for oblique bending)
Specify the verification type to execute at the shapes calculation (sections

strength, elements stability)
Optimization tab
Functions of the work ratio determined for each element, the program proposes more adequate sections for
the structure elements, searching for new sections through the stored shapes (see page 182). The
optimization hypotheses allow you to define the criteria taken into account at the proposal of new sections.
Select the optimization criterion (elements, sections, design template,

name). The optimization of steel elements is made function of the
selected type (see page 189).
Define the work ratio limits taken into account for the sections
optimization.
The optimization is an iterative process. Each iteration represents an
incrementation of the sections in order to obtain a work ratio included in
the range defined by the user. In case of failure, the process stops after a
fixed number of iterations.
186
Shapes sorting tab

Select the sorting criteria used for the determination of the most stressed
sections:
Deflection criterion: the most stressed element is the one with the
highest 1/L ratio.
Work ratio criterion: the most stresses element is the one with the
highest work ratio
Envelope criterion: the most stresses element is the one with the
highest 1/L ratio or with the highest work ratio (resistance or stability).
Buckling tab
Select the calculation method of the buckling lengths.
You can define the type of structure (with fixed or hinged nodes) for xy and
xz planes of the elements.
Calculation sequence tab

The options of this tab allow you to select the chain of actions to perform at
the steel calculation:
"Verify": this command checks for errors the steel elements,
"Calculate buckling": this command performs the buckling calculation
considering the settings made in the "Buckling" tab of this dialog box.
"Verify deflections": performs the automatic verification of deflections
"Shapes calculation": performs the calculation of steel shapes
according to the settings made in the "Verification" tab of this dialog
box
"Chained optimization": with the help of this command you can define
an iterative calculation of steel elements, connecting all the operations
selected above in successive iterations. The process iterates until all
shapes are optimized as to correspond to the work ratio defined in the
"Optimization" tab of this dialog box. The iterations stop also when no
optimization solution is found for certain elements, or when it has
reached the maximum imposed number (defined in the "Optimization"
tab).
187
Local hypotheses
checked. When unchecked, the element is not calculated by the expert design hypotheses.
Deflection verification options:
Enable / disable the deflection verification of the element.
Define the allowable deflections (1 and 2) by the formula: length of element / input number.
Select from the combo-box the type of deflection to verify (extremity, span, envelope)
Buckling verification options:
Enable / disable the buckling verification of the element.
Define the buckling lengths: click in the "Buckling lengths" cell and press
icon to access
the buckling configuration dialog box (see details on page 181). You can also input the
buckling lengths along y and z local axes in the corresponding fields placed below.
Lateral-torsional buckling verification options:

Enable / disable the lateral-torsional buckling verification of the element.
Define the lateral-torsional buckling lengths: click in the "Lateral-torsional buckling lengths"
cell and press
icon to access the lateral-torsional buckling configuration dialog box (see
details on page 182). You can also define the lateral-torsional buckling lengths for upper and
lower flanges of the element in the corresponding fields placed below.
Definition of buckling lengths

Specify if the element is subject to buckling
Choose from the combo-box the

calculation mode of the buckling lengths
for xy and xz planes of the element
(auto, imposed). The mode "auto" is
defined after the buckling calculation
method specified in the steel design
hypotheses dialog (see page 180). For
imposed methods you can input the
calculation coefficient in the field on the
right.
For xy and xz planes, specify if the

element's extremities are fixed or
displaceable.
188
After the steel calculation (see page 183),

the calculated buckling lengths of the
element are displayed in these fields.
Definition of lateral-torsional buckling lengths

To define the lateral-torsional buckling lengths for each flange (upper and lower), select the
corresponding tab.
Specify if the element is subject to lateral-torsional buckling.
Choose from the combo-box a restraint type for each of the element's extremities (no
restraint, hinged or fixed).
Choose from the combo-box the calculation method of the lateral-torsional buckling length for
the corresponding flange (auto, imposed absolute or imposed relative). For imposed
methods you can input the calculation coefficient in the field on the right.
Define the calculation method of kD and B, C, D coefficients (auto or by an imposed value).
Choose from the combo-box the load application point on the element (neutral axis, superior
fiber, inferior fiber or numerical value which you can input in the field on the right).
Stored shapes
Command access
From menu: choose Hypotheses > Steel Design > Stored shapes
Configuration of stored shapes
This command opens the "Stored shapes" dialog box, where you can select and configure the shapes corresponding
to each section family. At the optimization of steel elements, the program will propose shapes from this defined stock.
By default, all profiles are selected.
The checked sections are taken into account at
the optimization of steel elements.
You can view / modify the section

characteristics in the corresponding cells.
Expand / collapse the section families.
The shapes available for the selected

family are displayed in the table at the
right.
189
Steel calculation
The Steel Design Expert performs the verification and optimization of steel structures according to standard
regulations. The steel expert allows to verify deflections, the section's resistance, the element's stability according to
second order effects (buckling and lateral-torsional buckling), and to optimize the steel shapes.
The steel expert calculates the structure considering the standard combinations (according to CM66), after the model
calculation with the finite elements method.
Command access
From menu: choose Analyze > Steel calculation
Run the steel calculation
The status bar displays the progression of each calculation process. It is possible to stop the calculation pressing
the "Cancel" button placed on the status bar
Wait a few moments while the calculation is performed. When done, the command line displays the message
"Steel calculation finished". From this moment it is possible to exploit the steel design results.
If errors are found during the calculation, these are automatically displayed in a document opened with the default
viewer application.
If you have modified the local or global steel design hypotheses, you must run again the steel calculation in order
to take into account the new settings.
Note:
If the descriptive model has been also modified, it is required to run again the finite elements
calculation, before launching the steel calculation. You can define an automatic succession of actions
via the "Calculation sequences" dialog box (see page 180), which will chain the FE calculation and the
expert design analysis.
Configuration of steel results display

Command access
From Analysis - Steel Results toolbar: click on
Press Alt + Z keys
Configuration
In "Steel" tab of "Results" dialog box you can make the following configurations:
Select the coordinates in which the results are expressed.
Choose from combo-box the results display type (values or colors).
Press "Uncheck all" button to clear all selected coordinates for each
element's results.
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Steel Design results types

Available steel result types are: deflections, buckling lengths, lateral-torsional buckling lengths, elements stability.
During exploitation step it is possible to view only one type of results at a time.
Command access
From Analysis - Steel Results toolbar: access the results combo-box
From "Results" dialog box: in "Steel" tab access the results combo-box (see page 183)
Steel Design available results
Deflections
Max. Deflection: corresponds to the maximum deflection obtained for all load cases. It is expressed as L/n.
Deviation allowable deflection: corresponds to the ratio of Maximum deflection / Allowable deflection. It is
expressed in percentage.
Buckling lengths
The steel elements buckling lengths are calculated with the method defined in steel calculation hypotheses dialog
box (Ka-Kb or A B) (see page 180). It is also possible to define the calculation of buckling lengths in the linear
elements properties window (see page 181). Available buckling lengths results on linear elements:
Lfy: Buckling in the local x,y plane
Lfy/Elem. length: Buckling length along the local y axis / element's length
Lfz: Buckling in the local x,z plane
Lfz/Elem. length: Buckling length along the local z axis / element's length
Slenderness ratio Lfy: Slenderness ratio corresponding to buckling along local y axis
Slenderness ratio Lfz: Slenderness ratio corresponding to buckling along local z axis
Lateral-torsional buckling lengths

The lateral-torsional buckling length calculation can be configured in the linear elements properties window.
Available lateral-torsional buckling lengths results on linear elements:
Ldi: Lower lateral-torsional buckling length
Ldi/Elem. length: Lower lateral-torsional buckling length / element's length
Lds: Upper lateral-torsional buckling length
Lds/Elem. length: Upper lateral-torsional buckling length / element's length
Slenderness ratio Ldi: Slenderness ratio corresponding to lower lat.-tors. buckling
Slenderness ratio Lds: Slenderness ratio corresponding to upper lat.-tors. buckling
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Elements stability
Magnification factors k1, k1y, k1z, kfy, kfz and kd
Work ratio: in percentage
Stress: increased stress value
Sections resistance
The sections resistance results are available in the shape sheet of the selected steel element (see page 187).
The available results on sections resistance refer to:
Tension-compression only
Shear stress along local y axis
Shear stress along local z axis
Oblique bending
Post-processing of Steel Design results

After you have performed the steel calculation, the steel results are available and ready for post-processing.
At this moment, the Analysis - Steel Results toolbar is automatically displayed. This toolbar allows you to easily
access the steel results:

Choose the available steel results on linear elements.
Launches the exploitation process.
Opens the shape sheet of the selected element (see page 187)
Displays the list of sections proposed after the optimization process.
Opens the "Colors table" dialog box, where you can configure the results color scales
(see page 142).
Opens the "Filter" dialog box where you can define a dynamic contouring for the
iso-values regions (see page 142).
Displays result curves on selected elements (see page 143).
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Example of a graphical exploitation of steel results
If you have selected some structure elements, the results are displayed on selection. If not, the results are
displayed on the entire structure.
The elements of the current exploitation are listed in the upper-left corner of the graphic area.
The results color-map legend is displayed on the lower side of the work area (see page 142)
To clear the results displayed in the graphic area: keep the "Esc" key pressed
You can also view the Steel Design results with the help of calculation reports (see page 154). For this purpose,
the report generator provides a large set of steel result tables.
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Shape Sheets
The shape sheets command allows you to view all the steel design results available for a selected steel element in a
separate window. You can also generate a report with these results starting from the element's shape sheet.
Note:
The results available in the "Shape sheet" window are related to the options configured in the steel design
hypotheses dialog box (see page 179).
Display shape sheets

1.
Select the desired element (you must select a single element at a time)
2.
Access the shape sheet command: on Analysis - Steel Results toolbar, click
3.
The "Shape sheet" dialog box is displayed. Access its different tabs to view the selected element's available data:
"Section" tab: contains the section characteristics

and also the steel properties that have been
imposed for the selected element:
"Deflections" tab: for each deflection criterion are

available:
The number of unfavorable case
The result of deflection verification
The ratio maximum deflection / allowable
deflection (If this ratio is higher than 100%, the
deflection conditions are not fulfilled. In this
case, the corresponding values are displayed
in red.)
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"Sections resistance" tab: displays the available

results for the section resistance of the selected
element for each unfavorable case, for the
calculations selected in the steel design
hypotheses dialog box.
The number of unfavorable case
The verification formula
The work ratio results in percentage. The
cases with the work ratio greater than 100%
are displayed in red.
4.
Tip:
"Elements stability" tab: displays the results

obtained for the elements stability.
Click on "Create a report" button to generate a shape sheet document.
The shape sheet documents are created in the "document" folder corresponding to the current Advance
Design project. You can easily access the documents generated in the current project via the Document
mode of the Pilot.
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Shapes optimization
After the steel calculation, the steel design expert performs an optimization of the steel elements, according to the
settings made in the steel design hypotheses dialog box (see page 179). The steel expert compares the work ratio of
the steel elements with the specified criterion, and proposes other section, that would correspond to the imposed
conditions. You can accept globally or partially the proposed shapes, then recalculate the model with the steel expert.
You can iterate these operations until you obtain for all steel shapes a work ratio comprised in the specified range.
You can define the list of sections from which the steel expert may choose the proposed shapes via the "Stored
shapes" command (see page 189).
Command access
From Analysis - Steel Results toolbar: click on
Shapes optimization
1.
After performing the steel calculation of the model, access the "Proposed shapes" command
2.
The "Proposed shapes" dialog box is displayed:
3.
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Select the optimization mode:
By elements: when an element is under or over sized, the steel expert proposes more suitable shapes.
The shapes are listed by the element's ID.
By section: the operation described here is applied to all the elements with the same imposed sections.
The elements with variable inertia are ignored.
By template: the operation described here is applied to all the elements defined by the same design
template (see page 197).
By name: the operation described here is applied to all the elements with the same name.
The proposed shapes table contains the following items:
The list of steel sections of the model filtered by the chosen optimization criterion (by element, by
section, by template, by name)
The calculated work ratio of each section of your model (the sections with a work ratio higher / lower
than the specified criterion are displayed in red)
The proposed shapes for each section and their corresponding work ratio
The accepted solutions
To accept the proposed shapes:
You can accept all proposed shapes pressing "Accept all" button. In this case, the corresponding
column is filled with the accepted sections;
You can accept only the shapes that you desire: click in the corresponding cell of "Accepted solutions"
column to retain the first proposed solution. You can also choose from the available combo-box other
proposed shapes.
To reject all proposed solutions: press "Reject all" button.
Click "OK" to apply the selected actions and close the window
Define design templates

Design templates allow to define styles of design properties (concrete and steel), which may be assigned afterwards to
a selection of elements at the same time.
The purpose of this feature is to enhance the assignment of homogenous calculation hypotheses, and thus make
possible afterwards a faster verification of the model's coherence.
The use of design templates concerns two steps:
The design templates definition
The assignment of design templates to certain structure elements

Design templates definition
1.
Access the command: choose from menu

Hypotheses > Design templates... The "Design
templates description" dialog box is displayed.
1.
In the "Name" field: type a name for the template

that you want to create
2.
Choose from the combo-box the material family
3.
Choose from the combo-box the element type

(linear element or planar element)
4.
Press
5.
In the right side of this window, define the design

properties associated to the selected template.
button to create the template
To delete a design template: select it from the list of templates in the left side of the window and press
icon.
The material of the design templates is figured by the symbol attached to the template's name (
concrete and
for steel).
for
Assign design templates

Once you have defined the design templates, you can assign them to the linear and planar elements that you
want to take into account for the expert design analysis.
Each linear and planar element has the "Design template" combo-box available in its properties window, from
which you can select one of the available design templates. Once you have assigned a design template, the
properties of the concerned element will be defined after the template's properties.
Thus you can select several elements of the same type and material and define their design properties by a
single click, choosing one design template from their common properties window.
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Chapter 6
Tutorial examples
This chapter represents a walk-through in the Advance Design working
environment.
In this chapter:
It contains 6 examples of Advance Design projects conceived to make

you familiar with the modeling, analysis configuration and postprocessing commands of this application.
A 2D metallic portal frame

A 2D truss on 2 supports
A metallic framework with 6 portal
frames and a concrete floor
A concrete slab hinged on three
sides
A reinforced concrete building with
two storeys
A circular water tank
A 2D metallic portal frame

Introduction
This example's purpose is to make you familiar with the following themes:
Create and configure an Advance Design project
Define a plan workspace
Create a simple model using linear elements and supports
Input loads
Launching calculation
View the results
Create a calculation report
Save a calculation report template
Structure description
The structure is composed of a metallic portal frame with two rafters and two columns on hinged supports. Each of the
two rafters is loaded with a vertical linear load.
200
Step 1: Create a new project

Start a new project
Launch Advance Design application (from Start menu or from its shortcut placed on the desktop). A new project
is created by default.
Step 2: Configure the project parameters

Once the new project is created, Advance Design displays the "Project settings" dialog box where you can configure
the project's basic features. If you choose, you can skip this step and configure the project parameters later, accessing
this dialog box from the menu File > Project settings....
Setting the structure configuration
In the "Project settings" dialog box: press the "Next" button to access the "Hypotheses - Structure" window, where you
can make the following settings:
Choose the workspace type checking the "plan" radio-button;
Check the "Structure stiff under flexure" option;
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To choose the default material for your structure:

icon to access the "Materials" dialog box;
Press
Access the "Libraries" section and choose the material standard: "EN10025" and the material type: "METAL"
- S235J2G3;
Press the "Import" button to add the selected type to the material list;
In the material list: select the new material and press "Close" to exit.
Choose the working units: press the "Modify" button to access the "Units" dialog box. Choose here the following
units:
Lengths: Meter
Forces: KiloNewton
Moments: KiloNewton*m
Stresses: DecaNewton/mm
Displacements: Millimeter
Click "Apply" to validate your settings and "Close" to close the window.
Click the "Finish" button to close the "Hypotheses - Structure" dialog box.
Save and rename a project

Each Advance Design file has a default name as "FTDoc1", "FTDoc2" and so on. You can keep this name when you
save your project, or you can choose another name:
Save the project using "Save as" command from the File menu. In the "Save as" dialog box, type a name for the
project, for example: "2D metallic portal frame".
202
Step 3: Create the descriptive model

View settings
The default view used for this example is "Face view". You can access the view commands:
From menu: choose Display > Predefined views
From Predefined views toolbar: click on
Draw the linear elements

The structure is composed of 4 linear elements: 2 columns and 2 rafters. Columns and rafters have different section
types.
Coordinates for the linear elements (relative to the workplane, on X, Z directions for both extremities):
Columns: 0, 0 - 0, 6 and 16, 0 - 16, 6;
Rafters: 0, 6 - 8, 8 and 8, 8 - 16, 6.
You can create linear elements:
Using drawing commands from menus and toolbars;
Typing the elements coordinates in the command line;
Copying linear elements with "copy" command.
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1.
To draw the first column
Access "Create a linear element" command: click on icon
In the linear element's properties list:
from Modeling toolbar;
From "Section" category: click on "Extremity 1" cell and press

icon to access the "Section libraries"
dialog box; choose the IPE library and select the IPE 400 section type.
From "Material" category: choose S235J2G3 code;
Once you have defined the properties, you can draw the element using several methods:
Draw the element using the snap on the workplane (you can guide by the coordinates values displayed
on the upper-left side of the drawing area);
Type the element's coordinates in the command line: 0 0 for the first extremity and 0 6 for the second
(type X and Z coordinates separated with a space character; press Enter to validate each entry):
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You can view the linear element you have just drawn displayed in the Pilot:
2.
To create the second column
Select the first linear element (from the drawing area or from the Pilot) and access from menu Modify >
CAD > Copy or click on
icon from CAD Modifications toolbar;
In "Multiple copy" dialog box:

Check the "Translation" copy mode (make sure that the "Rotation" mode is disabled);
Choose the first translation mode (click on
icon)
Type in the "Vector" field the element's coordinates, separated with space characters: 16 0 0;
Type the number of copied elements in the "Number" field: 1;
Press "Preview" button to view the effect and confirm the action pressing "Copy";
Click on "Close" to exit this window.
Advice:
Save your model regularly accessing from menu File > Save or pressing Ctrl + S keys.
As well, you can configure the automatic save as follows: access from menu Options > Application; in
"Option - Application" dialog box, go to "Folders" tab and input a value for the automatic save periodicity (in
minutes).
205
3.
To draw the two rafters
Access "Create a linear element" command: click on

Generate > Structure > Linear;
In the linear element's properties list:
icon from Modeling toolbar or choose from menu
From "Material" category: choose S235J2G3 code;

From "Section" category: in "Extremity 1" cell click on
box; choose from IPE library the IPE 240 section type;
icon to access the "Section libraries" dialog
You can now draw the element using the automatic snap modes (notice the cursor symbol):
Draw the rafter's first extremity on the top of the first column;
Type the element's second extremity coordinates in the command line: 8 8 (separated with a space
character) and press Enter;
Draw the second rafter snapping between the end of the first rafter and the top of the second column.
Note:
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You can modify the elements properties list after they were created: select the elements in the drawing
area or in the Pilot and their properties list will be automatically displayed.
If you make a multiple selection, only the common features of the selected elements the will be
displayed in the properties list.
Draw the supports
Access "Create a rigid point support" command: click on icon
In the support's properties list: choose the restraint type as "Hinged";
Using the snap modes: create the supports by a simple click on each column's base.
from Modeling toolbar;
Generate the structure loading

1.
Generate a self weight loading
In the Pilot, select "Loading", right-click and choose from context menu "Create a case family"; a dialog box
opens from where you can choose a case family type: select "Permanent loads" and click "OK";
In the following dialog box, choose PP and click "OK";
You can view the "Permanent loads" family and the self-weight case in the Pilot. The self-weight is
automatically generated on vertical axis for the entire structure (see the PP case properties list):
207
2.
208
Generate linear loads
opens from where you can choose a case family type: select "Exploitations" and click "OK";
You can view the "Exploitation" family case and the load case automatically generated (Q) in the Pilot; rightclick on the exploitation load case and choose from context menu "Create a load". From the next dialog box,
select "Linear load" and click "OK":
The linear load's properties list is displayed automatically; in the "Intensities" field, type for the FZ value: -50
kN (the negative sign shows the force direction)
Create the two linear loads dragging the cursor between the extremities of each rafter
You can view the two linear loads displayed in the Pilot:
Create loads combinations

Each load case is represented in a combination by its ID number. You can find the load case's ID number displayed in
their properties list (in our case 1 PP and 2 Q).
We will create two loads combinations:
1.
1 x PP + 1 x Q
2.
1.35 x PP + 1.5 x Q
In the Pilot: right-click on "Combinations" and choose from context menu "Properties". A dialog box opens from where
you can create and configure loads combinations:
Click on "Add" button to insert a combination line (each line has an ID number: 101, 102 etc);
Type the coefficients values and the load case IDs (1 for PP and 1 for Q) in the corresponding columns; notice
that the combination formula is displayed in the "Name" cell placed on the bottom side of the dialog box;
Click on "Add" button again to insert a new combination line;
Fill in the second line's cells as shown above (type 1.35 for PP and 1.5 for Q);
Click on "Close" button to exit the dialog box.
Advice:
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Step 4: Analyze the model

Create the analysis model
Choose Analyze > Create analysis model or just click on
box appears:
icon from the Pilot. In both cases, the following dialog
Check "Verify" option. This command checks your model

for errors. The chosen action is performed together with
the automatic generation of the analysis model.
Once the analysis model is created, notice the new changes of the workspace:
The Pilot has switched to the Analysis mode
The Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar is activated
Perform the meshing

icon from Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar. The structure meshing is
Choose Analyze > Mesh or click on
performed automatically, considering the default mesh settings.
Launching calculation
Choose Analyze > Calculate or click on
icon from Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar. The "Calculation sequence"
dialog box is displayed again; select "Finite elements calculation" and click "OK".
The calculation is performed automatically. You can view detailed information of the calculation process displayed in
the command line.
210
Step 5: Results post-processing

When the calculation is completed, the analysis process switches to the results exploitation step. The Analysis - F.E.
Results toolbar is displayed automatically:
Display obtained results by selected elements or by result type;
Save exploitation views.
Display results of bending moment My

Choose Analyze > Results settings (or press Alt + Z keys) to display the following dialog box:
Choose "Forces" as the result type;
Select "Linear" as the element type you want to exploit;
Choose "My" for the moments results on y local axis and "Diagrams" as the display mode;
Press "Case / Combination" button and choose PP in the displayed window (deselect the other load cases); press
"OK" to exit this dialog box;
In the "Options" tab of "Results" dialog box: select "Values on diagrams";
Click "OK" to perform the exploitation; forces results for linear elements are displayed as in the next image:
211
Save the exploitation view

icon to save the exploitation view.
The exploitation views are stored in the Pilot under the "Exploitation" system.
An exploitation view saves the view position, the display settings and the result visualization settings. To display an
exploitation view, double-click on its name in the Pilot or choose from its context menu "Activate and update":
Advice:
Fast access to graphic results

Rather than using the previous dialog box again, you can use the Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar for a fast access to
the main results on the structure (displacements, forces, stresses for linear elements and/or planar elements).
1.
View displacements
From Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar:
212
Choose "Displacements" for result type and "D" for results coordinates on linear elements accessing the
correspondent combo-boxes
Click on
icon to perform the exploitation and to view the model deformation
Click on
icon to save the exploitation view
2.
View forces
3.
Choose "Forces" for result type and "Fz" for results coordinates on linear elements accessing the
Click on
icon to perform the exploitation and to view the shear force diagrams
Click on
View stresses
Choose "Stresses" for result type and "Sxx" for results coordinates on linear elements accessing the
Click on
icon to perform the exploitation and to view the normal stresses diagrams
Click on
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Step 6: Generate a calculation report

Choose from menu Documents > Generate a new report to display the following dialog box:
In the window's right panel are available all the items you can insert in the calculation report.
Configure the report contents
1.
Configure the cover sheet
In the right panel of "Report Generator" dialog box, from "Document" tab, select "Cover sheet" and click on
button to add it to the report's content (on the left panel);
214
In the left panel, select "Cover sheet", right-click and choose from context menu "Properties"; the following
window appears, where you can enter information to be displayed on the document's cover sheet.
Click "OK" to validate the settings and to close the window.
2.
Insert data tables in the calculation report
Access "Tables" tab;
Choose "Finite Elements Analysis" > "Results" > "Displacements" > "Linear elements" > "Displacements of linear
elements by element", then press
3.
button to add the selected table in the report's content:
Insert exploitation views in the calculation report
Access "Exploitation" tab;
Select the exploitation views you want to insert in the calculation report, then press
selected image in the report's content:
button to add the
215
Generate and view the report

After you have configured the report settings, click the "Generate" button from "Report Generator" dialog box. While
the document generation is in process, the left panel displays information regarding the process status. When the
generation process is completed, the viewer application starts and opens automatically the report:
216
A 2D truss on 2 supports
Introduction
Create user-defined sections
Generate the model's elements using copy commands
Modify elements using the "Subdivide" command
Create new types of supports
Input point loads, imposed displacements and thermal loads
Analyze the model
Exploit results
The structure is composed of a metallic truss placed on two point supports. The truss is loaded with point loads,
imposed displacements and thermal loads.
217

Once the new project is created, Advance Design displays the "Project settings" dialog box where you can configure
the project's basic features. If you choose, you can skip this step and configure the project parameters later, accessing
this dialog box from the menu File > Project settings....
Choose the workspace type checking the "plan" radio-button;
Uncheck the "Structure stiff under flexure" option;
To choose the default material for your structure: unwind the materials combo-box and choose S235JO;
units:
Lengths: Meter
Forces: KiloNewton
Saving the project

project, for example: "2D truss".
218
Create the structure's section types

We are about to create two user-section types for the structure's elements, with the following parameters:
Area
cm 2
Iy
cm 4
Iz
cm 4
It
cm 4
A1
14.10
16.57
16.57
27.96
8.80
8.80
8.80
A2
28.20
66.27
66.27
111.80
25.00
25.00
25.00
Welyinf Welysup Welzinf Welzsup

cm 3
cm 3
cm 3
cm 3
Sy
cm 2
Sz
cm 2
8.80
11.75
11.75
25.00
23.50
23.50
Choose from menu Edit > Used sections... and "Description of defined geometries" dialog box opens. Click on "Add"
button; this command will expand the dialog box:
Access "User" tab and click on

icon; after that, the lock symbol is displayed as open , meaning that you
have access to the table placed below, where you can now insert and modify section parameters;
Click on "Add" button placed on the bottom side of the window to insert a row in the user section table;
Type the section name in the first column (A1), and the section parameters in the following columns;
Select the row you have created and click on "Import" button to add the section type to the sections list;
Repeat the above actions to create the second user section type and to import it in the sections list.
219

To create the descriptive model, follow the next steps:
1.
Draw the truss linear elements;
2.
Create the two supports;
3.
Input loads:
a.
An exploitation case family with:

A case with two point loads;
A case with three imposed displacements;
b.
A temperature family case.
Draw the truss linear elements

The truss is composed of horizontal, vertical and diagonal metal bars, with different section types:
Horizontal bars: user defined section A1;
Vertical and diagonal bars: user defined section A2.
220
1.
To draw the horizontal bars
Access "Create a linear element" command: click
icon from Modeling toolbar;
Make the following settings in the linear element's properties list:

Choose the linear element type: "bar";
From "Material" category: choose S235JO code;
icon to access the "Section libraries"
dialog box; choose "European Profiles" > "USER" library and select the A1 section type. Click "OK" to
exit:
Create the element using now the keyboard commands: type in the command line the coordinates for the
horizontal bars (values for X and Z axes, separated with a space character; press Enter to validate each
entry): 0 4 and 30 4; 0 0 and 15 0; 25 0 and 35 0.
221
2.
To draw the vertical and diagonal bars

With the linear element drawing tool still activated, access its properties list and in "Section" category: click on
icon to open the "Section libraries" dialog box and here, from "User" library, choose A2.
Place the cursor on the workplane and draw the first vertical bar using the snap points on the left extremities
of the two horizontal bars, as shown in the next image:
Type the first diagonal bar coordinates in the command line (for X and Z axes, separated with a space
character; press Enter to validate each entry):
0 4 and 5 0;
5 0 and 10 4.
222
3.
Select the two diagonal bars; deactivate the "Allowed deformation" command pressing
icon from CAD
Modifications toolbar; place the cursor on an extremity of the selected bars and when a blue triangle is
displayed (the grip point mark), press Ctrl key and drag to copy the selected elements. Keep Ctrl key
pressed while dragging and dropping three times to make three copies of the selected bars (as shown
below). When finished, right-click and choose "Cancel selection" command from the context menu:
Draw the last diagonal bar placing the cursor on the right extremities of the horizontal bars, and the second
vertical bar between the corners of the two symmetric triangles. When finished, right-click and choose from
context menu "Finish" command to deactivate the drawing tool:
Subdivide the horizontal bars
Select all the diagonal bars (except the lower truss bars);
Access "Subdivide" command clicking on
With the subdivide tool activated, click on the two horizontal bars intersecting the diagonal bars, to create
segments between each intersection:
The two horizontal bars are now segmented:
icon from the CAD Modifications toolbar;
223
4.
Configure the mesh options of the linear elements

A structure built of bar elements must not be meshed (otherwise the model becomes unstable). In this case:
select all the bars, and in their properties list - in "Mesh" category, disable the "Automatic" option.
Tip:
Advice:
To make a multiple selection: just click on each element from the drawing area that you want to select
(Advance Design performs additive selections). In the Pilot you can use Windows shortcuts to select a
range of elements: keep pressed Ctrl key to select non-consecutive items and Shift key to select a
range of consecutive items.
Draw the truss supports

1.
2.
224
Create a hinged support
Access "Create a rigid point support" command from Modeling toolbar, pressing
Place then the support at the base of the left vertical bar of the truss.
icon;
Create a custom support (with user defined rotation and translation values)
icon;
In the support's properties list, choose the type "Other" and free the support translation on X direction
(unchecking TX box):
Draw then the second support at the base of the lower truss triangle.

1.
Generate exploitation load cases
opens from where you can choose a case family type: select "Exploitations" and click "OK". A static load
case (1 Q) is created automatically together with an "Exploitation" family case;
Right-click on the exploitation family and choose from context menu "Create a case"; choose from the next
dialog box the static load case type (Q):
a.
Create point loads

Select 1 Q load case from the Pilot and access "Create a point load" command from the Modeling
icon. In its properties list, type the intensity for FZ: -150 kN. Place then the force on
toolbar pressing
the intersection of the diagonal bars no. 2 and 3 (as shown in the image). The point load is displayed in
the Pilot under 1 Q load case.
With the point load drawing tool still activated, modify in the properties list the intensity for FZ: -100 kN
and place the second point load on the intersection of the last diagonal bars:
225
b.
Create imposed displacements

Select 2 Q load case from the Pilot and access from menu Generate > Imposed displacement. In the
imposed displacements properties list, type the DZ value: -0.02 m, then place the load at the left
extremity of the truss base.
With the displacement drawing tool still activated, modify in the properties list the DZ value: -0.03 m;
place the load at the base of the lower truss triangle.
To create the third imposed displacement: with the displacement drawing tool still activated, modify in
the properties list the DZ value: -0.015 m and place the displacement at the right extremity of the truss
base.
2.
Generate a temperature load case
opens from where you can choose a case family type: select "Temperatures", and a temperature load case
(3 TEMP) is created automatically.
226
Temperature loads are by default generated on the entire structure. In the Pilot, select the temperature load
case to display its properties list; type the "Uniform T." value: 150 C, and make sure that the "Automatic
generation" is set for "All":

Create the analysis model and launch the model calculation
sequence" dialog box appears.
icon from the Pilot. In both cases, the "Calculation
Check the "Finite Elements calculation" option. The chosen action is performed together with the automatic generation
of the analysis model. At the same time, all the previous displayed actions (model verification, meshing, expert check)
are performed automatically.
While the automatic processes are performed, you can view detailed information displayed in the command line. The
command line also informs you when the calculation process is finished.
Results toolbar is displayed automatically.

In this step, the following exploitations will be performed:
1.
Displacement results for the temperature load case
2.
Normal forces results for the case 1
3.
Stresses results for the case 1
icon to access "Results" dialog box.
Click on the "Case / Combinations" button to access the "Analyses and Combinations" dialog box:
Check all the displayed load cases to be taken into account for the results exploitation.
227
Displacement results for the temperature load case
From Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar, select the result type as "Displacements"; the result coordinates for linear
elements D, and the load case 3 TEMP:
Access "Results" dialog box pressing
For "Values on diagrams": choose "Extreme values";
For "Font values": slide the cursor towards the "Max" extremity to increase the results values font size;
Click "OK" to exit and to perform the exploitation; the results are displayed as follows:
Tip:
228
icon or using Alt + Z shortcut. In "Options" tab:
To clear the currently displayed results, right-click in the drawing area and choose from the context
menu "Clear results".
Normal forces results for the case 1

Access "Results" dialog box pressing
icon or using Alt + Z shortcut:
In "F.E" tab: choose the result type "Forces"; the element type "Linear"; the results coordinates Fx and the display
mode "Diagrams". Click on "Case / Combinations" button and, in the "Analyses and Combinations" window,
select only 1 Q;
In "Options" tab: for "Values on diagrams": deselect "Extreme values" and choose "Values on diagrams";
Stresses results for the case 1

Choose the result type "Stresses", the result coordinates for linear elements Sxx and the load case 1 Q
Click on
icon to perform the exploitation and to view the stresses diagrams
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A metallic framework with 6 portal frames and a concrete floor

Introduction
Work in a 3D environment
Create subsystems
Draw planar elements and windwalls
Configure the structure's geometry
Copy elements by symmetry
Use snap points
Generate planar loads
Work with the climatic loads generator
The structure is composed of a metallic framework with 6 portal frames at equal distances, a storey placed at half
height of the building and hinged supports.
230

Choose the workspace type checking the "3D" radio-button;
To choose the default material for your structure: unwind the materials combo-box and choose S235JO;
units:
Lengths: Meter
Forces: KiloNewton
Sections Dimensions: Meter
Saving the project

project, for example: "3D framework".
231

1.
Create 5 subsystems in the Pilot;
2.
Design the first portal frame:
4 linear elements;
The concrete storey components;
3 hinged supports;
A self weight load case and vertical point loads.
3.
Create the other portal frames using the "Copy" command;
4.
Place the purlins on the building's rafters;
5.
Draw the storey beams and slabs;
6.
Create the wind bracings and the windwalls;
7.
Generate the structure loading (permanent, exploitation and climatic loads);
8.
Create loads combinations.
Create subsystems
In the Pilot: right-click on "Structure" and choose from context menu "Systems management" > "Create a
subsystem";
Repeat this operation 5 times. The 6 subsystems are displayed in the "Structure" system;
Right-click on each subsystem and choose from context menu "Systems management" > "Rename". Rename the
systems as follows:
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"Portal frames"
"Storey"
"Roof"
"Wind bracings"
"Footings"
"Windwalls"
Draw the first portal frame

The portal frame is composed of two columns, two rafters and the linear elements of the storey structure, with different
section types:
Columns: IPE 400;
Rafters: IPE 240;
Storey elements: HEA 200.
1.
Draw the portal frames columns
Select the "Portal frames" subsystem from the Pilot; the elements you are about to create will be included in
the selected subsystem;
Access "Create a linear element" command: click on

settings in the linear element's properties list:
icon from Modeling toolbar. Make the following
Choose the linear element type: "S beam";

Type in the command line the first column's parameters (separated with a space character; press Enter after
each entry): 0 0 and 0 7;
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Select the linear element and access "Copy" command (click on

press the Insert key). In "Multiple copy" dialog box:
icon from CAD Modifications toolbar or
Type in the "Vector" field the element's coordinates, separated with space characters: 18 0 0.
Click on "Close" to exit this window.
2.
Draw the portal frames rafters
Select "Portal frames" subsystem from the Pilot;
Access "Create a linear element" command and make the following settings in the properties list:
234
Place the cursor on the top of the first column, then type the coordinates of the second extremity of the
rafter: 9 8 and press Enter.
To draw the second rafter, with the linear element drawing tool activated, just place the cursor at the
extremities of the first rafter and the second column:
3.
Draw the storey elements
Select the "Storey" subsystem from the Pilot;
box; choose from HEA library the HEA 200 section type;
Draw the storey column typing in the command line the start (7 0) and the end (7 3,5) coordinates;
To draw the storey beam, follow the next steps:

Use the Alt + S shortcut to access "Snap modes" dialog box: check the "Perpendicular" option (make
sure that the snap modes are enabled);
Draw the storey beam placing the cursor on the storey column top extremity and on the portal frame
column's perpendicular snap point (see the image below):
4.
5.
Create the portal frame's supports
Select the "Foundation" subsystem from the Pilot;
Using the snap modes place the supports at the base of the three columns;
To deactivate the current drawing tool: right-click in the drawing area and choose the "Finish" command.
icon;
Generate loads on the portal frame's elements
In the Pilot, select "Loading", right-click and choose from context menu "Create several case families". A
dialog box appears, where you can choose the load case families and the number of load cases for each
one:
Type 1 for "Permanent loads" and 1 for "Exploitations" families;
Click on "Create" button.
235
Created families and their load cases are now displayed in the Pilot:
Select 2 Q load case from the Pilot and access "Create a point load" command from the Modeling toolbar
icon. In the point load's properties list, type the force intensity for FZ: -5 kN. Create then the
pressing
loads with a click on each column top and on the two rafters joint.
With the point load drawing tool still activated, modify in the properties list the intensity for FZ: -2 kN. Place
the point loads on each extremity of the storey beam.
The point loads are displayed in the Pilot under 2 Q load case.
Tip:
Advice:
You can update the loads scale activating the command "Loads auto-scale" from the drawing area
context menu.
Create the other 5 portal frames using "Copy" command
Switch to the "(-1, -1, 1) View" pressing
Select all the portal frame's elements: from the combo-box placed on Filters and selection toolbar choose
"Selection by > All" or use Ctrl + A shortcut;
Access "Copy" command and:
236
icon from Predefined views toolbar;
Type in the "Vector" field the element's coordinates, separated with space characters: 0 -6 0;
icon from Zoom toolbar or press Alt + A keys to access "Zoom all" command and to view all the
Click on
elements from the drawing area:
Draw purlins on the building's rafters

1.
Draw the first purlin
Select the "Roof" subsystem from the Pilot;
Place the cursor at the extremities of the first rafter and the last rafter of the framework:
To modify the purlin's eccentricity and orientation:

Access "Create a point" command clicking on
on the rafters joint, on the first portal frame;
icon from the Modeling toolbar and place the point
Access purlin's properties list and modify the following parameters:

In the "Eccentricity" field: (0, z+)
In the "Orientation" field: the orientation angle 90; the point element ID number 1 (the purlin's
orientation will refer to the specified point)
2.
Create purlins using copy by translation
From the drawing area, select the purlin you have drawn and access the "Copy" command:
Check the "Translation" copy mode (make sure the "Rotation" mode is disabled) and select the second
translation copy type, clicking on
To define the copy vector, click on
icon;
icon, then place the cursor on the two extremities of the first rafter;

Click on "Advanced>>" button; from the new displayed options: check "Destination system" and choose
from its combo-box the "Roof" system;
237
3.
Select the top purlin and remove the angle and the orientation point from its properties list.
Create purlins using copy by symmetry or rotation

Select the 6 purlins (except the top purlin). You can copy the roof purlins using various methods:
a.
By symmetry starting from the symmetry window

Click on
icon on CAD Modifications toolbar to access the "Symmetries" dialog box:
Activate "Copy" mode and click on
icon to choose the "Plane symmetry" type;
Choose the reference element for the plane symmetry: click on

the cursor on the top purlin;
icon and, in the drawing area, place
Choose the plane coordinates for the symmetric copy from the combo-box: YZ;
Press "Preview" button to view the effect and confirm the action pressing "Apply".
238
b.
By symmetry using the symmetry tool

With the 6 purlins selected, click on
command:
icon on CAD Modifications toolbar to access "Plane symmetry"
Place the cursor on the top purlin to take it into account as reference element for the vertical plane
symmetry. Notice that a preview of the copied elements is available:
Click to perform the copy of the selected elements.

c.
By rotation
With the 6 purlins selected, click on
command.
icon from CAD Modifications toolbar to access the "Rotation"
A message in the command line asks you to define the rotation axis; type P to perform a 2 points axis
definition;
The following messages in the command line ask you to define the start and the end points of the
rotation axis: click on each of the top purlin's extremities to define this element as the rotation axis;
The final messages in the command line ask you to define the vector for the elements rotation: for the
first point: click on the left extremity of the front rafter, then, to define the second point (press Enter to
skip the angle definition): move the cursor to the right extremity of the rafter and click to place the
copied purlins:
Select the purlins you have copied and modify the orientation angle in their properties list (-90).
239
Draw the storey's beams and slabs

1.
Create the storey beams
From "Section" category: click on "Extremity 1" cell and choose from combo box HEA 200 section type;
In "Snow and wind" category: define the "Supporting element" as inactive.
2.
Draw the storey beams (on Y axis) connecting the portal frames at the storey level (see the image below):
Create the storey slab
Access "Create a planar element" command clicking on

following settings in the properties list:
icon from Modeling toolbar, then make the
Choose the planar element type: "shell";

From "Material" category: choose B20 code;
In "Thickness" category: type for "1st vertex" value: 0.180 meters;
240
Draw the storey slab snapping at the extremities of the beams previously created.
Create wind bracings and windwalls

1.
Draw wind bracings
Select the "Wind bracings" subsystem from the Pilot;
Choose the linear element type: "bar";
box; choose from CHS EN 10210 library the CHS 33.7 x 5.6H section type;
In "Advanced mesh" category: define the automatic mesh as inactive;
Advice:
2.
Using the available snap modes, draw the wind bracings as shown in the image below:
Draw windwalls
Select the "Windwalls" subsystem from the Pilot;
Access "Create a windwall element" command clicking on

menu Generate > Windwall;
Draw the windwalls on the framework lateral sides and on the roof slopes:
In the windwalls properties list, define the direction of span towards the supporting elements (the portal
frames columns for the lateral windwalls, and the rafters for the roof windwalls), considering the windwalls
local axes.
Tip:
icon from Modeling toolbar or choosing from
To make the direction of span symbol on windwalls visible: choose the "Axes" rendering type,
clicking on
icon from Rendering toolbar.
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For example, considering the portal frame columns as supporting elements (for the wind loads charging the
front side on the framework), define the direction of span of the front windwall towards them. In the case
described below, the direction of span is the local y.
Make this setting for all windwalls in their properties list (considering their local axes), in the "Direction of
span" category.
1.
2.
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Create permanent loads
In the Pilot: right-click on "Permanent loads" case family and choose "Create a case" > PP;
Select the existing CP load case and access "Create a planar load" command (from the load case's context
menu or click on
icon from the Modeling toolbar); in the planar load properties list, type the Fz intensity:
-0.250 kN;
Draw the planar loads on each roof slope span. The 10 planar loads you have created are displayed in the
Pilot, under CP load case.
Create exploitation loads
To create loads on the storey slab: in the Pilot, select the "Storey" subsystem choosing the selection
command from its context menu and access "Filter" command (clicking on
icon from Filters and
selection toolbar); this action displays only the selected elements and hides all the others;
In the Pilot: select the Q load case and access "Create a planar load" command, then type the Fz intensity: 3.000 kN;
Draw the planar loads placing the cursor on the corners of each span of the storey slab, as shown below:
To display all the model's elements, click on
icon from Filters and selection toolbar.
3.
Create climatic loads
In the Pilot: right-click on "Loading" and choose from context menu "Create a case family"; choose "Wind"
and a wind family (with a default wind load case) is created in the Pilot;
Right-click on the "Wind" family and choose "Automatic generation" from the context menu. This command
creates automatically wind load cases and corresponding loads.
In the Pilot: under "Hypotheses" group, select "Combinations", right-click and choose from context menu
"Properties";
In the "Combinations" dialog box, click on "Load" button and choose the combination file: BAEL91;
Click "Close" button to apply and exit.


1.
Displacement results for the wind load cases
2.
Results for the bending moment and the shear force for the load case no. 3
3.
Stresses results for the load case no. 3
243
Display displacement results for a wind load case
Choose the "Front view" of the workspace;
Select the result type as "Displacements"; the results coordinates on linear and planar elements: D, and the
load case: 7 WindX-Dep
icon to display the "Results" dialog box; access the "Options" tab and check "Display results on
Click on
the deformed plot" option. Click "OK" to exit the dialog box and perform the exploitation.
Click on
Tip:
icon to view the model animation by displacement results
Display the bending moment and the shear force results

1.
Bending moment results
Choose a (-1, -1, 1) view of the workspace;

Select the result type as "Forces"; the result coordinates on linear elements: My, on planar elements:
Myy, and the load case: 3 PP
Click on
244
icon to perform the exploitation and to view the bending moment diagrams
2.
Shear forces results

Select the result type as "Forces"; the result coordinates on linear elements: Fz, on planar elements: Fzz,
and the load case: 3 PP
Click on
icon to perform the exploitation and to view the shear force diagrams
Display normal stresses results

Select the result type as "Stresses"; the result coordinates on linear elements: Sxx, on planar elements:
sxx_sup, and the load case: 3 PP
Click on
icon to perform the exploitation and to view the stresses diagrams
245
A concrete slab hinged on three sides

Introduction
Work in a grid workspace
Manage the workspace display
Configure the geometry of a shell element
Automatically generate loads on selected element
Display result curves on a section cut
Create a calculation report using a menu template
Modify the model after the analysis phase to optimize results
Compare results
The structure is composed of a concrete slab of shell type (5 x 5 meters) positioned in a X Y horizontal plane, placed
on three hinged linear supports. The concrete slab bears different types of loads: a permanent load uniformly
distributed, a linear and a point load for an exploitation case.
246

Choose the workspace type checking the "grid" radio-button;
Press
Access the "Libraries" section and choose the material standard: "NFP18-406" and the material type:
"CONCRETE" - C25/30;
units:
Lengths: Meter
Forces: KiloNewton
Stresses: MegaPa. (N/mm2)
Displacements: Centimeter
Saving the project

project, for example: "Concrete slab".

1.
Choose the mesh type
2.
Draw the planar element
3.
Create 3 hinged supports
4.
Input loads on planar element
247
From menu: choose Options > Mesh...
In "Mesh options" dialog box, select the "Grid" type
Uncheck "Include loads in meshing" option
Draw the planar element
In the Pilot: right-click on "Structure" and choose from context menu "Generate an entity" > "Structure" > "Planar":
In the planar element's properties list:
248
Choose the planar element type: "shell";
From "Material" category: choose C25/30 code;
In the "Mesh" section: select "Simplified" for density and in the "Simplified definition" field placed below type
15 for x and y local axes meshing units.
Type successive coordinates to define the slab's shape: 0 0 - 0 5 - 5 5 - 5 0.
Create 3 hinged linear supports
Access "Create a linear rigid support" command from Modeling toolbar, pressing
Draw 3 linear supports on three sides of the planar element;
When finished, right-click and choose from context menu "Finish" command to deactivate the drawing tool:
icon;

icon from Predefined views toolbar.
In the Pilot, select "Loading", right-click and choose from context menu "Create several case families". A dialog box
appears, where you can choose the load case families and the number of load cases for each one:
Type 1 for "Permanent loads" and 1 for "Exploitations" families;
Click on "Create" button. Created load cases are displayed in the Pilot.
249
1.
Create a permanent load on selection
In the Pilot: select the CP load case;
Select the planar element, right-click and choose from context menu "Loads / selection" command to
automatically generate a planar load on selection;
Type the Fz intensity: -1.5 kN;
Tip:
Advice:
2.
You can update the loads scale activating the command "Loads auto-scale" from the drawing area
context menu.

a.
Create a point load

In the Pilot: select 2 Q load case and access "Create a point load" command from the Modeling toolbar
pressing
icon. Type the FZ intensity: -200 kN;
Double-click on
icon from the status bar to access the "Snap modes" dialog box; select the
"Midpoint" snap mode and make sure that the snap modes are on "Active" state;
Place the point load in the middle of the un-supported side of the planar element:
250
b.
Create a linear load

In the Pilot: select 2 Q load case and access "Create a linear load" command from the Modeling
toolbar pressing
icon. Type the FZ intensity: -100 kN;
Draw the linear load on the un-supported side of the planar element:
In the Pilot: under "Hypotheses" group, select "Combinations", right-click and choose from context menu
"Properties";
In the "Combinations" dialog box, click on "Load" button and choose the combination file: BAEL91;
Click "Close" button to apply and exit.
Save a descriptive model view

icon. The view is displayed in the "Saved views" system from the Pilot.

Create the analysis model and perform the meshing
sequence" dialog box appears. Check the "Mesh" option.
The meshing of the structure is performed automatically. Check the command line to view the meshing process status.
The command line informs you when the meshing operation is ready.
At this moment, you should view the structure meshing and the nodes:
251
Launch calculation
displayed:
icon from Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar. The following dialog box is
Because the mesh has already been created, uncheck the two options and click on "OK" to perform the calculation.
the command line.

1.
Displacement results for the permanent load
2.
Forces results on a section cut for a loads combination
3.
Normal stresses results for an exploitation load case
Displacement results for the permanent load case

Select the result type as "Displacements"; the result coordinates for the planar element: D, and the load case: 1
CP
Right-click in the drawing area and, from the context menu:
Uncheck "Display nodes" and "Display mesh"
Check "Display iso-lines"
Press Ctrl + Z to access the "Results" dialog box; in "Options" tab check "Display results on the deformed plot"
and click on "OK'" to close the window and perform the exploitation
Click on
Tip:
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Forces results on a section cut for a loads combination

1.
Create a section cut
2.
From menu: choose Generate > Section cut. With the section cut drawing tool activated: click on two
opposites corners of the planar element to draw the line
View result curves on the section cut
Select the section cut from the Pilot in the "Structure" group or directly from the drawing area
icon. A window containing by default the Mxx and Myy
forces results is displayed. In order to configure the curves parameters, click on

window is displayed:
icon. The following
Click on "Case / Combinations" button and, in the "Analyses and Combinations" window, select the two
combinations (deselect the other cases). Click "OK" to apply and exit.
Press "OK" to proceed. The result curves are displayed as follows:
253
Click on
icon to save the result curve as an exploitation view. The saved curve corresponds to the
active curve window (underlined in blue).
Double-click on a curve to open a window where you can view detailed results and configure their
display.
Normal stresses results for an exploitation load case
Press Alt + Z keys to access the "Results settings" command. Click on "Case/ Combinations" button and, in
"Analyses and Combinations" window, select only 2 Q load case
254
Select the result type as "Stresses"; the result coordinates for the planar element: sxx_sup
Press
Click on
icon to perform the exploitation and to view the stresses iso-values regions
Click on
icon to hide the descriptive model
Save the exploitation views list

The exploitation views are stored in the Pilot under the "Exploitation" system. You can save the exploitation views list
doing the following:
Right-click on the "Exploitation" system from the Pilot and choose "Export tree" command
The "Save as" dialog box opens; type a name for the .xml file containing the exploitation data
Step 6: Generate a calculation report

Access a report template
Choose from menu Documents > Hypotheses report. This opens the "Report generator" dialog box and loads
automatically the "Hypotheses report" template:
Modify the report's content

Make the following modifications to the report's content:
button). Using the

Remove "Cover sheet" and "Table of contents" (select them in the left panel and press
same method, remove the "Systems description" and the "Coordinate systems description" tables
Select the first chapter, press "Table properties" button and, in the displayed window, uncheck the "Insert a page
break" option
255
Select the "Geometrical data" chapter; access the "Views" tab and select the "Model View"; press
add it to the report contents, under the selected chapter
Select the "Loadings data" chapter; access the "Exploitation" tab and select an exploitation view from the list;
press
button to
button to add it to the report contents, under the selected chapter
Save a report template

You can save the calculation report configuration as a model:
Click on "Save" button placed in the "Report template" field
In the "Save as" dialog box: name the template, for example: "Report 1" and choose the location on your
computer for the template file
Generate the report

Press "Generate" button to create the report. When the generation process is completed, the viewer application starts
and opens automatically the report:
Advice:
256
Step 7: Modify the initial hypotheses and update the documents

After the structure calculation and the results post-processing, you can return to the modeling mode and modify the
initial data, recreate the analysis model, calculate the model again and update the results.
To return to the modeling step, just click on
icon from the Pilot.
Modify the slab's parameters
Select the planar element and access its properties list
Modify the element's thickness: from 0.200 m to 0.300 m
Modify the element's meshing: in the "Simplified definition" field input 13 for the mesh elements density along x
and y axes
Modify the supports restraint type
Select the three supports and access their properties list
Change the restraint type as "Fixed"
Create a square opening in the slab
Switch to the "Top View" pressing
From Workplane toolbar: press
To create a square opening measuring 0.75 x 0.75 meters and placed at a distance of 0.75 meters from the slab's
edges, first draw a square polyligne on the slab element using the line tool, then cut the slab by the square shape
using "Create openings" command:
icon from Predefined views toolbar

icon to define the workplane on the current view
icon.
Type in the command line the opening parameters (separated with a space character; press Enter to
validate each entry):
0.75 - 1.5
1.5 - 1.5
1.5 - 0.75
0.75 - 0.75
0.75 - 1.5
Press Enter to finish the polyline creation
Select the square polyline (from the Pilot or directly from the drawing
area) and click on
icon from CAD Modifications toolbar to launch
the "Create openings" command. The square opening is ready:
Tip:
For a better visualization of the polyline on the planar element, enable the "Axes" rendering mode
(from Rendering toolbar or from "Rendering" dialog box accessible via the "Display settings"
command - Alt + X).
257
Recreate the analysis model

Once the initial data modification is finished, recreate the analysis model:

Check the "Create a new analysis model...." option, and then "Mesh"; this will recreate the analysis model and
launch the meshing; the command line informs you when the meshing is ready.
Notice that some icons in the Pilot are red; this means that the model has been modified and it must be
calculated again to update the results;
To view the new meshing: right-click in the drawing area and uncheck from the context menu "Display nodes" and
"Display the descriptive model":
icon from Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar. The dialog box reminding

you to re-mesh / expert check the model is displayed; uncheck the two options and click on "OK" to perform the
calculation.
258
Update the exploitation views

In the Pilot, under "Exploitation" system, the exploitation views previously saved are displayed with a red mark,
meaning that they are not updated.
To update an exploitation view: double-click on it in the Pilot (or choose "Activate and update" from its context
menu);
Updated exploitation views are displayed in the Pilot with a green mark.
Displacement results
Stresses results
259
Step 8: Compare the results

1.
2.
260
After updating the exploitation views, generate a new report to view the last results:
Choose from menu Documents > Generate a new report
In the "Report generator" dialog box: from "Report template" field, click on "Load" button, and the "Open"
dialog box is displayed. Browse for the template file you have previously saved ("Report 1"), and click
"Open".
Click on "Generate" button. When the generation process is completed, the viewer application starts and
opens automatically the report.
Open the first report as well, to compare it with the new one:
Access the directory corresponding to the .fto file you are working in;
In the "document" folder you will find all the files created during the project work process;
Open the first report file found in the "document" folder.
A reinforced concrete building with two storeys

Introduction
Work with levels
Modify linear elements using the "Cut" command
Generate and exploit seismic load cases
Exploit linear elements stresses
Create an .avi file
The structure represents a concrete building with three levels, with a total height of 12.5 meters. The first two levels
have a 4.5 meters height, and the third level 3.5 meters. For this structure are taken into account exploitation and
seismic loads.
261

Press
Access the "Libraries" section and choose the material standard: "NFP18-406" and the material type:
"CONCRETE" - C25/30;
units:
Lengths: Meter
Forces: KiloNewton
Saving the project

project, for example: "Concrete building".

1. Create subsystems in the Pilot and configure their level settings;
2.
Define the workplane
3.
Draw the walls and beams for the first level;
4.
Place the hinged supports on the structure base;
5.
Create the second level using the "Copy" command;
6.
Draw the third level using the "Trim and extend" command;
7.
Load the structure with two case families: exploitation and seism.
262
From menu: choose Options > Mesh...
In "Mesh options" dialog box, select the "Grid" type from the available combo-box
Create and configure subsystems

1.
2.
Create a subsystems tree
subsystem";
Create in this manner 3 subsystems;
Select each subsystem and press F2 key to rename, then type a name for each one: "Ground level"; "Storey
1" and "Storey 2";
In the "Ground level" system: create another 3 subsystems: "Foundations", "Beams" and "Walls";
In "Storey 1" and "Storey 2" systems: create 2 subsystems: "Beams" and "Walls".
Configure the level parameters for each subsystem

Select each subsystem of the 3 main systems, and in their properties list:
Enable the "Level" option checking the corresponding box;
Type the height parameters as follows:

"Ground level" subsystems: 4.5 m for the top limit and 0 m for the bottom limit;
"Storey 1" subsystems: 9 m - top and 4.5 m - bottom;
"Storey 2" subsystems: 12.5 m - top and 9 m - bottom.
263
Define the workplane

Select the workplane's origin axis and, in the properties window, input for abscissa and ordinate values: 3 m.
Create the building's first level
1.
Create walls
Choose a "Right view" of the workplane pressing

icon from the Predefined views toolbar; the view is
now in the Y Z plane. Click on
icon from the Workplane toolbar to project the workplane on the active
view.
In the Pilot: in "Ground level", select the "Walls" subsystem;
Access "Create a vertical planar element by 2 points" command clicking on
Make the following settings in the planar element properties list:
Click on the Z axis and the cursor snaps to the current level top limit (4.5 on Z); move the cursor on Y+
direction and type in the command line the Y coordinates: 1.5 m, then press Enter (You can also switch to
the top view and draw the wall in 2D).
Select the planar element and copy it once by 4.5 meters on Y+ (type 0 4.5 0);
Select the first planar element:
Click on its stretch point (marked by a red triangle) on the upper-right corner;
Define the deformation vector moving the cursor on Y+ direction and type in the command line 1.5, then
press Enter;
Tip:
264
Use the ORTHO snap mode to define the deformation vector.
Repeat the procedure for the bottom-right corner of the planar element:
Select the second wall element and copy it 3 times by 3 meters on Y+ (type 0 3 0);
Select the last wall element and repeat the deformation procedure (increase the element's width with 1.5 m):
Advice:
2.
Create beams
In the Pilot: in "Ground level", select the "Beams" subsystem;
Access "Create a horizontal linear element by 2 points" command clicking on

toolbar;
Make the following settings in the linear element properties list:

box; input the section parameters: rectangular, 0.16 x 0.45;
icon from Modeling
icon to access the "Defined" dialog
In the "Eccentricity" field: choose 0, z-;
265
Using the automatic snap modes, draw the beam between the wall elements:
Select all the elements (press Ctrl+ A shortcut), and copy them one time by 10 meters on X (type 10 0 0).
Choose a front view (
) then define the workplane projecting on the active view (click on
Workplane toolbar). To display the ground floor elements in 3D, choose a (1, -1, 1) view pressing
from
icon:
To create the transversal beams: access again "Create a horizontal linear element by 2 points" command:
Section: rectangular, 0.20 x 0.65;
Eccentricity: 0, z-;
266
Draw the first transversal beam between the opposite walls upper extremities;
Select the transversal beam and access "Copy" command. In the "Multiple copy" dialog box, choose
copy mode, type 11 number of copies and press icon to define the copy vector (click on the extremities of
previously created walls, as shown below):
3.
4.
Create supports
In the Pilot: in "Ground level", select the "Foundations" subsystem;
Access "Create a linear rigid support" command from Modeling toolbar, pressing
In the linear support properties list: choose the restraint type as "Hinged";
Draw the linear supports at the base of each wall of the ground level.
icon;
Create the ground level slab
In the Pilot: in "Ground level", select the "Walls" subsystem;
Access "Create a horizontal planar element" command clicking on
Define the 1st vertex thickness: 0.100 meters;
Draw the slab as shown below:
Advice:
Create the building's second level
In the Pilot: in "Ground level", select the "Beams" subsystem, right-click and choose from the context menu
"Select" command, to select all the subsystem's elements;
Access "Copy" command. In "Multiple copy" dialog box:
Type in the "Vector" field the copy coordinates, separated with space characters: 0 0 4.5;
Click on "Advanced>>" button (to view the copy advanced options): check "Destination system" and choose
from its combo-box the "Beams" subsystem corresponding to the "Storey 1" system (check the ID number to
identify the right subsystem);
267
Copy walls and the slab from the "Ground floor" to the "Storey 1" system following the same steps (do not forget
to choose the corresponding "Walls" subsystem from "Storey 1" as destination). The building's second level is
now ready:
Create the building's third level

The third level of the building has a 3.5 meters height.
In the Pilot: in "Storey 2", select the "Walls" subsystem;
Access "Create a vertical planar element by 2 points" command clicking on
In the planar element's properties list: in "Thickness" category, type for "1st vertex" value: 0.180 m;
Draw the first wall placing the cursor at the top extremities of a second level wall, as shown:
In the Pilot: in "Storey 2" select all subsystems and change in their properties list the level height from 3.5 meters
to 3 meters (top limit: 12; bottom limit: 9);
Choose a right view of the workplane (

from Workplane toolbar);
In the Pilot: in "Storey 2" select the "Beams" subsystem;
Access "Create a vertical linear element by 1 point" command: click on

following settings in the linear element properties list:
268
) then define the workplane projecting on the active view (click on
From "Section" category: choose a square section of 0.30 m (C30)
In the "Eccentricity" field: choose 0, 0.
Place the column at a 1.5 meters distance from the previously created wall:
icon from Modeling toolbar. Make the
Access "Create a line" command clicking on
Draw a line between the top extremity of the column and the right extremity of the wall. We will use the line as a
help entity for cutting the wall:
icon from CAD Modifications
Select the line and access from menu Modify > CAD > Cut or click on
toolbar;
With the cut tool activated (notice the cursor symbol): click on the upper side of the wall defined by the line
element, to delete it:
You may delete the line element after performing the cut operation.
Switch to the "(1, -1, 1) View" pressing
Select the column and the wall and copy them once at 10 meters on X- axis (-10 0 0); make sure that, in the
"Multiple copy" dialog box, the "Destination system" option is unchecked:
To create transversal beams in the third level:
In the Pilot: in "Storey 2" select the "Beams" subsystem;
Access "Create a linear element" command clicking on
Make the following settings in the linear element properties list:
Section: rectangular, R20 x 40

No eccentricity
Draw two beams on top of the vertical supporting elements previously created;
269
With the linear element drawing tool activated, modify the section type as rectangular, R20*65 and draw a
transversal beam between the two sides of the third level (as shown below):
To create the third level slab:
In the Pilot: in "Storey 2", select the "Walls" subsystem;
In the same manner used for the lower levels, draw a slab of a 0.20 thickness, as shown below:
Advice:

In the Pilot: right -click on "Loading" and choose from the context menu "Create several case families". In the
displayed window, type the number of load cases as follows:
Exploitations: 1;
Seism: 2.
Click "Create". The case families and their load cases are automatically generated and displayed in the Pilot.
1.

a.
Input a planar load on the first level slab:

Select the first level slab, right-click in the drawing area and choose from the context menu "Loads /
selection"; the planar load properties list is automatically displayed;
Type the load intensity for FZ: -3.5 kN and press "OK" to finish.
270
b.
Input a planar load on the second level slab: repeat the same command as for the previous slab, with the FZ
intensity of -3kN
c.
Input a planar load on the third level slab: repeat the same command as for the previous slab, with the FZ
intensity of -1.75kN
2.
Configure the seismic loads

In the Pilot: select the "Seism" family, and in its properties list:
Choose the seismic region category: III;
Choose the structure class type: C.
Seismic load cases are generated by default on X direction; select one seismic load case and choose in its
properties list the seismic direction: Y (horizontal).
3.
Configure the modal analysis (automatically created with the seism case family)
In the Pilot: from "Hypotheses" > "Modal analysis": select "Modes" and input in its properties list:
Modes number: 5;
Masses definition: "masses obtained by combining static loads".
icon to access the Combinations" dialog box, from where you

Combinations: click in its cell and press on
can add the available static load case in the combination with a coefficient:
271


1.
Displacement results for a seismic load case
2.
Stresses results on selection
Displacement results for a seismic load case
From Rendering toolbar: click on
Right-click in the drawing area and uncheck the "Display nodes" option;
icon from Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar or press Alt +

Access the "Results settings" command (click on
Z); in the "Results" dialog box, make the following settings:
272
icon to access the "Ghost display" command;
Choose the result type: displacements;
For linear and planar elements, select the results on D;
Click on "Case / Combinations" button and, in the "Analyses and Combinations" window, select only 2 E;
press "OK" to close this window;
In "Options" tab check "Display results on the deformed plot";
icon to save the exploitation view.
Stresses results on selection

Select a beam from the building's first level, right-click and choose from the context menu "Sections stresses"
command; the "Linear element stresses" window is displayed. You can preview here the stresses distribution in the
selected element's section, with the possibility of changing the result coordinates and/or the load case (or
combination):
Select Sxy in the left panel;
Click on "Case / Combinations" button and, in the "Analyses and Combinations" window, select the exploitation
(Q) load case; then click "OK";
Slide the cursor placed on the window's bottom side to preview the stresses distribution for several abscissas on
the linear element's length. You can also type a value to obtain the results for a specific point:
Advice:
273
Step 6: Create an .avi file

1.
Double-click on the saved exploitation view from the Pilot to activate it; we are going to create an animation using
this view previously saved.
2.
From menu: choose Display > Toolbars > Animation. The Animation toolbar is displayed in the work area:
To create animation, you must rotate around the model and place different cameras clicking each time on
icon. To switch from a view point to another, you can use the predefined views or the zoom functions.
Along with the creation of cameras, you can view their position in the CAD area (as shown below):
Once you have created all cameras, you must configure the animation using the "Animation options" dialog
box clicking on
icon from Animation toolbar:
In "General options" tab: check "Transitions between cameras" (to move from a saved view to another
during animation) and "Cyclic animation" (to resume the animation once it has reached the last frame)
In "AVI" tab: choose the location and the name of the .avi file you are about to create
Click "OK" to close the window
3.
274
icon to launch the movie recording; wait a few seconds and the "Video compression" dialog box
Click on
is displayed; you can choose here an .avi compression type. Click "OK" to close this dialog box and wait
while the .avi file is created.
When the movie recording process is ready, the viewer application is launched automatically and executes the
movie file.
A circular water tank

Introduction
Create planar objects by extrusion of linear elements
Modify linear elements using "Trim or extend" command
Generate exploitation load cases of hydrostatic and earth pressure
Create DOF restraints
The structure is composed of a section of a concrete circular tank, placed on hinged planar supports. The tank has a 6
meters height and a 11 meters radius. The structure is loaded with planar loads of hydrostatic and earth pressure.
275

Press
Access the "Libraries" section and choose the material standard: ENV206 and the material type:
"CONCRETE" - B40;
units:
Lengths: Meter
Forces: KiloNewton
Saving the project

project, for example: "Concrete tank".
Choose from menu Options > Mesh...
In "Mesh options" dialog box, select the "Grid" type and input 1.5 for the default element size
276

1.
Create subsystems for the model's elements;
2.
Create the linear elements to prepare the extrusion process;
3.
Create the tank's planar surfaces by linear elements extrusion;
4.
Draw the tank's capping beams;
5.
Place the hinged supports;
6.
Create the structure loading: exploitation planar loads of hydrostatic and earth pressure;
7.
Create loads combinations.
Create subsystems
subsystem";
Create 4 subsystems: "Dome", "Side", "Raft" and "Foundations".
Draw the linear elements used for the concrete tank generation process
1.
Create de generator of the tank's dome

Choose from menu Generate > Structure > Vault generator > Linear vault. The following dialog box opens:
Specify the vault's dimensions: R = 20.00 m and A = 22.00 m
Type the vault's coordinates: -11 m on X; 6 m on Z;
Type the number of linear elements composing the vault: 10;
Choose the linear elements material: B40;
Press "OK" to apply settings and to close the window.
The linear elements vault is created automatically in the drawing area.

Select the vault elements placed on the left side of 0 axis and delete them:
Advice:
277
2.
Create de generator of the lateral side and the raft of the tank
Access "Create a linear element" command;
Click on the right extremity of the vault, then type in the command line the second point coordinates: 11 0;
To draw the tank's raft generator element: draw a linear element starting from the bottom extremity of the
vertical element of the frame, then type the second point coordinates: 2.5 0;
To cut the vault using the raft element as a reference: draw a line from the left extremity of the raft element to
any point on vertical direction (you can use the ORTHO mode (F8)) above the vault (see details below):
Access "Create a line" command clicking on
Activate "Ortho" snap mode: click on
icon from the Snap modes toolbar;
Draw a line as shown below;

Select the line and access "Trim or extend" command pressing
icon from CAD Modifications
toolbar; click on the vault's right side (notice the command line message). Then you can select the vault
elements from the left side and the line to delete them.
278
3.
Create the tank by linear elements extrusion
Select the all the elements;
Click on
Check the "Rotation" mode and input the extrusion coordinates: 0 0 1 axis and a 9 rotation angle;
Type the planar elements to obtain: 10;
Choose the planar elements material type: B40 and type a value for thickness: 0.200 meters;
Uncheck "Preserve the base entities" option to delete the generator's linear elements after the extrusion
process;
Click "Preview" to see the settings effect and "Apply" to create the extrusion.
icon from CAD Modifications toolbar; the "Extrude" dialog box opens:
To organize the model's elements in systems:
Select the raft elements and, in the Pilot: right-click on selection and choose from context menu "Cut"; select
the "Raft" subsystem, right-click and choose from context menu "Paste". All the planar elements from the raft
are now in the "Raft" subsystem;
Repeat the operation for the side and the dome elements, placing them in the correspondent subsystems.
279
4.
280
Draw the tank's semi-circular sections (for the dome and the raft)
Select "Raft" system from the Pilot;
Access "Create a planar element" command and choose a thickness of 0.200 meters;
Create then the planar element starting from the workplane origin then clicking on each extremity of the raft
elements.
Switch to the "(1, -1, 1) View" pressing
icon from
Select the semi-circular planar section and uncheck the "Allowed deformation" option, pressing
the CAD Modifications toolbar. Keeping Ctrl key pressed, click on an extremity of the planar element and
drag it to the dome:
Select the planar element you have copied and, in the Pilot: right-click on selection and choose from context
menu "Cut"; select the "Dome" subsystem, right-click and choose from context menu "Paste. The planar
element is located now in the "Dome" subsystem.
5.
6.
Draw the capping beams
Select "Dome" system from the Pilot;
Access "Create a linear element" command and specify a rectangular section type of 25 x 35;
With the linear element drawing tool activated: click on the external side extremities of the first planar
element from the tank's side to draw a capping beam (see image below);
Select the beam and access "Copy" command; check the "Rotation" copy mode (make sure that the
"Translation" mode is disabled) and input the copy parameters: 0 0 1 axis; a 9 rotation angle and 9 number
of copies. Press "Preview" button to view the effect and confirm the action pressing "Apply".
Create the supports
Select "Foundations" system from Pilot;
Access "Create a rigid planar support" command pressing
Draw the first planar support placing the cursor on the three extremities of the first planar element from the
raft; to create the other supports, copy the first one 9 times using copy by rotation mode on 0 0 1 axis by a 9
angle:

281

In the Pilot: right -click on "Loading" and choose from the context menu "Create several case families". In the
displayed window, type the number of load cases as follows: Exploitations: 2. Click on "Create" button.
The case family and its load cases are automatically generated and displayed in the Pilot.
Configure the exploitation loads
As exploitation loads we are taking into account:
The earth pressure: represented by planar loads acting from outside on the tank's lateral sides.
The hydrostatic pressure: represented by planar loads acting from inside on the tank's lateral side and on the
rafter.
1.
Create the earth pressure loads
In the Pilot: select the exploitation load case 1 Q, access "Create a planar load" command and specify the
following values:
In the "Coordinate system" section: choose the load's reference as "local axes";
FZ intensity: -58 kN;
Variation coefficients values: for 1 and 2 vertexes: 1; for vertex 3: 0.35.
2.
icon from Predefined views toolbar. Draw the planar load

Switch to "(1, -1, 1) View" pressing on
representing the earth pressure on the first planar element from the tank's lateral side (make sure that the
first points of the load corresponds to the first coefficient), then copy it 9 times using copy by rotation mode
on 0 0 1 axis by a 9 angle.
Create the hydrostatic pressure loads
In the Pilot: select the exploitation load case 2 Q and access "Create a planar load" command; in the planar
load's properties list, make the following settings:
In the "Coordinate system" section: choose the load's reference as "local axes";
FZ intensity: 98 kN;
Variation coefficients values: for 1 and 2 vertexes: 1; for vertex 3: 0.35.
282
Draw the planar load representing the hydrostatic pressure on the first planar element from the tank's lateral
side (make sure that the first points of the load corresponds to the first coefficient);
Create after that a vertical load on the first element of the rafter, with the intensity of -98 kN and having all
the variation coefficients equal to 1;
Copy the loads thus created 9 times using copy by rotation mode on 0 0 1 axis by a 9 angle.
In the Pilot: right-click on "Combinations" and choose from context menu "Properties"
In the "Combinations" dialog box, click "Add" and type the combination values: 1x[1 Q]+1x[2 Q]
Click "OK" to apply and exit

Create the analysis model and perform the meshing
sequence" dialog box appears. Check the "Mesh" option. The chosen action is performed together with the automatic
generation of the analysis model.
The meshing of the structure is performed automatically. Check the command line to view the meshing process status.
The command line informs you when the meshing operation is ready.
At this moment, you should view the structure meshing and the nodes:
Advice:
283
Configure the meshing for the semi-circular sections

Before launching the calculation, in this phase you can modify the structure meshing using line elements.
To modify the meshing of the top and bottom semi-circular sections, create meshing lines as follows:
Click on
Right-click in the drawing area and uncheck "Display mesh" and "Display nodes";
In the Pilot: right-click on "Foundations" subsystem and choose from the context menu "Hide";
With the "Raft" subsystem selected: access "Create a line" command;
In the lines properties list, activate the "Mesh" option;
Draw the lines on the semi-circular planar element from the raft snapping to the corners of its side (make sure that the
"Extremity" snap mode is checked). Press Enter after drawing each line:
Access "Create an arc by 3 points" command clicking on

icon from the Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar.
Notice the messages from the command line and proceed consequently:
icon from the Rendering toolbar;
"Please input the center of the arc": click on the point corresponding to the rafter's center (see the image
below);
"Please input the first point": click on the midpoint of one side of the planar element as shown below (activate
first the "Midpoint" snap mode);
"Please input the second point": click on the midpoint of the other side of the planar element, as shown
below;
"Sides number": type the number of segments: 10; press Enter and the semi-circular polyline is ready:
Repeat those operations for the semi-circular planar element from the dome (in the "Dome" subsystem).
Launch again the mesh command: click on
choose Analyze > Mesh.
284
icon from the Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar or from menu:
Define the symmetry conditions

Knowing that our structure has a double symmetry, it can be modeled as a half of a semi-structure (as it has been
done in our example). However, the rest of the structure must be modeled using appropriate DOF restraints. These
restraints can be automatically applied to the nodes using the symmetry conditions:
Choose a top view of the workplane pressing
In the drawing area, select the nodes from the model's side corresponding to the X axis (including top, bottom
and lateral nodes of the side) using the "Zoom window" tool. Draw a selection window from left to right to select
the nodes.
icon from the Predefined views toolbar;
From menu: choose Generate > Symmetry conditions. The following dialog box is displayed:
Check the "XZ plane" option; this will generate automatically nodes restraints on XZ axes:
In the drawing area, select the nodes from the model's side corresponding to the Y axis (including top, bottom
and lateral nodes of the side) using the "Zoom window" tool. Access the "Symmetry conditions" command as
shown above. Check the "YZ plane" option ;this will generate automatically nodes restraints on YZ axes:
285
Launch calculation
displayed:
icon from Analysis - Hypotheses toolbar. The following dialog box is
Uncheck the two options ("Mesh" and "Expert check") and click "OK" to perform the calculation.
the command line.

1.
Displacement results for load cases 1 and 2
2.
Result curves for moments on planar elements
Displacement results for load cases 1 and 2

1.
Displacement results for the earth pressure (1 Q)
From Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar choose the result type "Displacements", the result coordinates for
linear and planar elements D, and the load case 1 Q
Press Ctrl + Z to access the "Results" dialog box; in "Options" tab check "Display results on the deformed
plot" and click on "OK'" to close the window and perform the exploitation
Tip:
286
2.
Displacement results for the hydrostatic pressure (2 Q)

From Analysis - F.E. Results toolbar choose the result type "Displacements", the result coordinates for linear
and planar elements D, and the load case 2 Q. Click on
model deformation:
icon to perform the exploitation and to view the
Result curves for moments on planar elements

Create first a section cut:
From Rendering toolbar: click on
Choose from menu Generate > Section cut
Draw the section cut on a planar element
In the Pilot: select the section cut
icon to access the "Result curves" command. The "Result

curves" dialog box opens, displaying by default the forces results on Mxx and Myy for the planar element:
icon to display the descriptive model
icon to display the descriptive model in the ghost mode
It is also possible to change the curve parameters with the help of "Curves" dialog box which you can access
pressing
icon.
287
Index
Index
A
Analysis model.......................................................................................................................................................128, 144
Animation ...............................................................................................................................................................124, 159
C
Calculation .....................................................................................................................................................................137
Calculation reports .........................................................................................................................................................160
Case family ....................................................................................................................................................104, 105, 106
Combinations ...........................................................................................................................................................56, 121
Concrete combinations ............................................................................................................................................................... 174
Steel combinations ..................................................................................................................................................................... 185
Command line............................................................................................................................................................23, 37
Concrete Design ............................................................................................................................................................174
Coordinate system ...................................................................................................................................23, 36, 42, 50, 51
D
Descriptive model ..........................................................................................................................................................126
Diagrams................................................................................................................................................................146, 157
Dimension line .................................................................................................................................................................76
Displacements ...............................................................................................................................................................141
DOF constraints .............................................................................................................................................................135
DOF restraints................................................................................................................................................................134
Drawing ................................................................................................................................................................58, 59, 63
E
Envelopes ........................................................................................................................................................56, 119, 165
Exploitation ....................................................................................................................................................................139
F
Forces ............................................................................................................................................................................141
G
Generalized-buckling .....................................................................................................................................................117
Graphical exploitation ............................................................................................................................................144, 146
Grip points..................................................................................................................................................................88, 91
H
HASP key.....................................................................................................................................................................9, 11
Hypotheses ....................................................................................................................................................................129
I
Imposed displacement ...................................................................................................................................................114
290
Install.............................................................................................................................................................................. 6, 9
L
Level ................................................................................................................................................................................ 59
Linear elements ............................................................................................................................................................... 63
Lines ................................................................................................................................................................................ 74
Load case ..............................................................................................................................................................104, 109
Loads .....................................................................................................................................................104, 112, 113, 114
Local axes............................................................................................................................................................44, 51, 71
M
Materials ....................................................................................................................................................................16, 78
Mesh ..................................................................................................................................................63, 64, 130, 131, 132
Modal analysis ............................................................................................................................................................... 115
P
Pilot ....................................................................................................................................................................23, 34, 105
Planar elements ............................................................................................................................................................... 64
Portal frames..............................................................................................................................................................66, 67
Post-processing ............................................................................................................................................................. 143
Properties window......................................................................................................................................................23, 35
R
Result curves ................................................................................................................................................................. 149
Results
Concrete results ..........................................................................................................................................................................180
FE results ....................................................................................................................................................................140, 141, 144
Steel results ................................................................................................................................................................................190
S
Sections ........................................................................................................................................................................... 80
Shapes........................................................................................................................................................................... 189
Snap modes..................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Snap points ...................................................................................................................................................................... 61
Static nonlinear analysis ................................................................................................................................................ 117
Status bar...................................................................................................................................................................23, 36
Steel Design................................................................................................................................................................... 185
Stresses ......................................................................................................................................................................... 142
Stretch points .............................................................................................................................................................88, 91
Supports........................................................................................................................................................................... 68
Symmetry conditions ....................................................................................................................................................... 69
T
Toolbars .....................................................................................................................................................................23, 28
Trusses ......................................................................................................................................................................66, 67
291
V
Vaults ...............................................................................................................................................................................65
Viewports ...................................................................................................................................................................39, 41
Views..............................................................................................................................................................................123
W
Windwalls ...................................................................................................................................................................70, 99
Working units .............................................................................................................................................................17, 36
Workplane ........................................................................................................................................................................52
Z
Zoom ................................................................................................................................................................................38
292
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Advance Design Guide

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Advance Design

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

Security configuration .........................................................................................................11

Views management ..............................................................................................................38

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

Display management .............................................................................................................................43

Workspace configuration .................................................................................................... 50

CHAPTER 4 WORKING STEPS .................................................................................................................. 55

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

Create a case family ............................................................................................................................ 105

Analysis mode ....................................................................................................................129

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

Exploitation methods ............................................................................................................................158

Document mode ................................................................................................................. 171

Steel Design ....................................................................................................................... 185

Define design templates.................................................................................................... 197

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

About this manual

Information regarding the application environment;

A brief description of each of the program's functions;

An overview about how to create an Advance Design project;

This chapter provides information regarding the Advance Design

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

A PC computer or compatible equipped with a Pentium IV processor (or equivalent)

512 MB RAM memory (1024 MB recommended)

At least 150 MB space available on the hard drive for installation

Windows compatible graphics adapter (128 MB video RAM recommended)

Windows compatible printer or plotter with supplied drivers

Operating System: Windows 2000 Pro or XP Pro (or newer)

Screen resolution: 1024 x 768

24 bit color palette recommended

Close all opened applications

Make sure that the provided security key is in place

Installing a version for one user

Insert the Advance Design CD-ROM in the reader

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

To install Advance Design click on "SETUP". The installation starts automatically:

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

Installing a network version

The utilization of a number of N licenses simultaneously on a single security key

For a network installation of the program a NETHASP security key is required.

How to install a NETHASP key?

Install the HASP drivers on the server, as follows:

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

Click on "Next" to read the license agreement

Click on "Next" to read the license agreement

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

None: to disable the security system detection

HASP: if the software is protected by a HASP key

Modules: input the codes corresponding to the new acquired modules

ADVANCE DESIGN USER'S GUIDE

In Windows Start menu, choose Settings > Control Panel.

Double-click on Add/Remove Programs.

Select Advance Design and click on Change/Remove.

Check Remove box and click on Next to continue.

Start Advance Design

After launching Advance Design, you can:

Start a new project: