Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 77 views

    Chap 01

    Uploaded by

    Mayank Kumar
    Fluid Mech

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd

    Chap 01

    Uploaded by

    Mayank Kumar
    77 views7 pages
    Fluid Mech

    Original Title

    chap01

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Fluid Mech

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf
    77 views7 pages

    Chap 01

    Uploaded by

    Mayank Kumar
    Fluid Mech

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf
    of 7
    Review Problems 31 Problems Go to Appendix G for a se of review problems with answers, De- tailed solutions canbe found in Student Solution Manual and Soudy Problems Guide for Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, by Munson, et al (© 2069 John Wiley and Sons, Inc) Note: Unless specifi values of required fuid properties are tiven in the statement of the problem, use the values found in the tables on the inside of the front cover. Problems designated ‘with an (*) are intended to he solved with the aid of a program- rable computer: Problems designated with a( are “open-ended” problems and require critical thinking in that to work them one must make various assumptions and provide the necessary data. There is not a these problems. Answers tothe even end of the book, Access tothe videos th fan be obtained thr 0/global/munson. The I fon this web site Section 1 and Units ions, Dimensional Homogenei LI The force, F, ofthe wind blowing against a building is given by F = CypV" A/2, where Vis the wind spoed,p the density ofthe at, Athe cross-sectional area ofthe bulking, and Cs a constant tented the drag coefficient. Determine the dimensions ofthe drag coe 1.2. Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT and MLT systems, of the following quantities which appear in Table I.1: (a) volume, (b) acceleration, () mass, () moment of inertia (area), and () work 1.3 Determine the dimensions, in both the FLT system and the MLT'system, fr (a) the product of force times acceleration, (b) the product of force times velocity divided by are, and (e) momentum, Aivided by volume, 1A. Verify the dimensions, in both the FLT system and the MLT system, ofthe following quantities which appear in Table 1.1: (a) frequency, b) stress, (¢) stain, () torque, and (e) work 15 If w is a velocity, x a length, and # a time, what are the dimensions (in the MLT system) of (a) du/é, (b) 2u/ax%, and (©) J(eu/an as? 16 Ifp isa pressure, Va velocity and p a Muid density, what are the dimensions (in the MLT system) of (a) p/p, (b) pVp. and (©) p/oV LT If Vis velocity, € a fength, and » a Mud property (the kine matic viscosity) having dimensions of L27~!, which of the fol- lowing combinations are dimensionless: (a) Vir, (b) VE/v, () Vv, (a v/eo LB If Vis a velocity, determine the dimensions of Z, a, and G, which appear inthe dimensionally homogeneous equation V= a 19 ‘The volume rate of flow, Q, through a pipe conta ‘moving liquid is given by the equation ak'Ap Bue N+G where Ris the pipe radius, Ap the pressure drop along the pipe 4 fluid propery called viscosity (FL °7), and € the length of Pipe, What are the dimensions of the constant 7/8? Would you classify this equation as a general homogeneous equation? Explain. 1.10. According to information found in an old hydraulies book the energy loss per unit weight of fluid flowing through a nozzle connected to & hose can be estimated by the formula f= (0.04 10 0.09(0/4}'V2/2g where hi the energy los per unit weight, D the hose diameter, d the nozzle tip diameter, V the fluid velocity inthe hose, and g the avity, Do you tl ‘equation is valid in any Explain, LLL. The pressure difference, 4p, across a partial blockage in an anery (called a stenosis) is approximated by the equation acceleration of system of units eave a Benya whore Vis the blo wlio, he blood vicoty (FLD, liso sent), Date dtr Ath ea te Soe epics ont ernst iowent Doeeuierae ds ap 1.12. Assume that the speed of sound, c in fluid depends on an clastic modulus, £,, with dimensions FL", and the fluid density. pin the form ¢ = (E,}(p) If this isto be a dimensionally ho- ‘mogeneous equation, what are the values for a and b? Is your re- silt consistent with the standard formula forthe speed of sound? (See Eg. 1.198) 1.13. A formula to estimate the volume rate of flow, Q, flowing ‘over a dam of length, is given by the equation = 1708H" where His the depth of the water above the top ofthe dam (called the head), This formula gives Q in mY when B and H are in ameter. Is the constant, 1.70, dimensionfess? Would this equation be valid if units other than meter and seconds were used? 1.14 Cite an example of a restricted homogeneous equation con ed ina technical ance found in an engineering journal in your field of interest. Define all terms in the equation, explain why it is a restricted equation, and provide a complete journal citation (ait, date, ete), 1.15. Water lows from a large drainage pipe at arate of 4500 L/min, ‘What is this volume rate of flow in m/s? 1.16 An important dimensionless parameter in certain types of uid flow problems isthe Froude number defined as V/ Ve, where Vis a velocity, ¢ the aceleration of gravity, and € a length, Deter mine the value of the Froude number’ for V=3m/s, @ 9.81 m/s", and € = 0.6m, 32 CChapter 1 m Introduction Section 14 Measures of 1.17 Obiain a photograph/image ofa situation in which the den- sity or specifi weight ofa fluid is important. Print this photo and waite brief paragraph that describes the situation involved uid Mass and Weight 1.18 A tank contains $00 kg ofa liguid whose specific gravity i 2 Determine the volume ofthe liquid in the tank 1.19 Clouds can weigh thousands of newtons due to their liquid Water content Often this content is measured in grams per cubic meter (g/m). Assume that a cumulus loud oceupies a volume of | fone cubic kilometer, and its liquid water content i 0.2 g/m’. (a) What is the volume of this cloud in cubic kilometers? (b) How ‘much does the water in the cloud weigh in newtons? 20, A tank of oil has a mass of 365 kg. (a) Determine its weight Jn newtons at the earth's surface. (b) What would be its mass {in kg) and its weight (in newtons)iPlocated on the moon's surface Where the gravitational attraction is approximately one-sixth that at the earth's surface? 21 A certain object weighs 300 N at the earth's surface. Deter ‘mine the mass of the object (in kilograms) and its weight (in new. tos) when located on a planet with an aeceleration of gravity equal to Lome? 1.22. The density of a certain type of jet fuel is 775 kg/m’. De termine its specific gravity and specific weight, 1.23. A hydrometer is used wo measure the specific gravity of lig uids, (See Video V2.8.) For a certain liquid, a hydrometer read ing indicates a specifie gravity of 1.15, What is the liguid’s den sity and specifie weight? 1.24 An open, rigid-walled, cylindrical tank contains 0.1 m? of water at 4 "C, Over a 24-hour period af ime the water tempera ture varies from 4 to 32 °C. Make use of the data in Appendix B to determine how much the volume of water will change. For a tank diameter of 0.6 m, would the corresponding change in water depth he very noticeable? Explain. 1.25 Estimate the number of newtons of mercury it would take to ill your bathtub, List all assumptions and show al calculations 1.26 A mounain climber's oxygen tank contains 4.45 N of oxy- ‘gen when he begins his tip at sea level where the acceleration ff gravity is 9.81 m/s. What is the weight ofthe oxygen in the tank when he reaches the top of Mt, Everest where the acceler ation of gravity is 9.78 m/s"? Assume that no oxygen has been -moved from the tank; it will be used on the descent portion of the climb ‘The information on a can of pop indicates that the can con: tins $55 ml. The mass of a full ean of pop is 0.369 kg while an ‘empty can weighs 0.153 N: Determine the specific weight, de sity. and specifi gravity of the pop and compare your esults with, the coresponding values for water at 20 °C *1.28 The variation inthe density of water, p, with temperature Tin the range 20°C = T= 501°C. is given inthe following table Hamre ete Pe 7 et Cel ‘Temperaure(ro) | 20 | 2s T 30 | as | ao | as I so Use these data to determine an empirical equation of the form p= c; + e+ eT” which can be used to predict the density over the range indicated. Compare the predicted. values withthe data iven. What isthe density of water at 42.1 °C? 1.29 If 1 cup of cream having a density of 100S kg/m is turned into 3 cups af whipped cream, determine the specific gravity and Specific weight of the whipped cream, 1.30 The presence of raindrops in the air during a heavy rain storm increases the average density ofthe air-water mixture, Est ‘mate by what percent the average air-water density is greater than that of just sil si. State all assumptions and show calcula Section 1.5 Ideal Gas Law 1.31 Determine the mass of air in a 2m? tank ifthe aris at room lemperature, 20 °C, and the absolute pressure within the tank is 200 kPa (abs). 1.32. Nitrogen is compressed to a density of 4 kg/m? under an ab solute pressure of 40K kPa, Determine the temperature in degrees Celsius 1.33 The temperature and pressure atthe surface of Mars during a Manian spring day were determined to be ~50 °C and 900 Pa, respectively (a) Determine the density ofthe Martian atmosphere for these conditions ifthe gas constant for the Martian atmosphere i assumed to be equivalent to that of carbon dioxide, (b) Compare the ansvver from part (a) with the density of the earth's atmosphere during a spring day when the temperature is 18 °C and the pres sute 101.6 kPa (abs). 1.M_ A closed tank having a volume of 0.06 m? is filled with, 13 N of a gas, A pressure gage attached to the tank reads $3 KPa when the gas temperature is 27°C. There is some question as to Whether the gas in the tank is oxygen or helium, Which do. you think its? Explain how you arived at your answer 1.35. A compressed air tank contains 5 kg of ait at a temperature of 80 °C. A gage on the tank reads 300 kPa, Determine the vol lume ofthe tank. 1.36 A gid tank contains air ata pressure of 620 KPa (abs) and a temperature of 15 °C. By how much will the pressure increase asthe temperature is inereased to 43 °C’ 1.37. The helium-filld blimp shown in Fig, P37 is used at yar ious athletic events, Determine the number of newtons of helium within i fis volume is 1926 m? and the temperature and pres sure are 27 °C and 98 KPa (abs), respectively M FIGURE P1.37 "1.38 Develop a computer program for calculating the density fof an ideal gas when the gas pressure in pascals as}, the tem perature in degrees Celsius, and the gas constant in 7kg- Kare specified, Plot the density of helium asa function of temperature from 0 °C to 200 °C and pressures of 50, 100, 150, and 200 kPa abs) Section 1,6 Viscasity (Also see Lab Problems 1.98, and 1.99.) 1.39 Obtain a photographvimage of a situation in which the vis cosity of a fluid is important, Print this photo and write abril paragraph that describes the situation involved 1.40. For flowing water, what isthe magnitude ofthe velocity gr dient needed to produce a shear stress of 1.0 N/m®? L41 Make use of the data in Appendix B to determine the dy namic viscosity of glycerin at 29°C 142 One ype of copillary-tube viscometer is shown in Video VL and in Fig, P1-42, For this device the liquid to be tested is

    You might also like