Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

UNIT 3: DECIMAL NUMBERS:

Decimal Numbers:
Remember that to express numbers that are not whole numbers we use decimal numbers as 64,295
in which every digit has a value which is divided by ten when we move to the right. So
6 is sixty units
4 is four units
2 is two tenths of the unit
9 is nine hundredths of the unit
5 is five thousandths of the unit
And we continue like that if there are more digits.
This is the decimal system that is commonly use nowadays except, sometimes for time and angles.
A decimal number has two parts:
2,58

2 is the whole number part

58 is the decimal part.

You say: two point five eight (Or two units and fifty eight hundredths).
(When we write the number in Spanish we use a comma, but remember that English speakers use a
dot, the decimal point).
You can use a decimal value diagram to see the value of each digit. Since decimal is a base 10
number, each place has a value that is either ten times larger than the one on its right, or ten times
smaller than the one on its left.
Decimal point
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ . _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
millions

ten thousands

hundreds

hundred thousands thousands

ones

tens

hundredths
tenths

ten thousandths millionths

thousandths hundred thousandths

Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

1. Draw a line to match each number to its equivalent value in words:

0.324
106.7

Fourteen point nine six

Thirty-two units and four tenths

14.96
5.09

One hundred and six point seven

Five hundred and nine

32.4
509

Three hundred and twenty-four thousands

Five units and nine hundredths

2. Write each number as digits, putting in decimal points where needed:

a) One hundred and sixty five point two four.
b) Fifty-seven units and ninety-two hundredths.
c) One hundred and one point three.
d) Ten units and two tenths.
e) Zero point five six.
f) Ninety four thousandths.
g) One and three ten thousandths.
h) Six millionths.
3. Give the value of the digit 8 in each of these numbers:
38 002 ___________________
18 005 407 ________________
23 804 000 ________________
45,876 ____________________
4,0871 ____________________
4. Write in words:
3,006
45,204
$3,45
34,40 metres

Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

Types of decimal numbers:

There are three different types of decimal numbers:
An exact or terminating number is one which does not go on forever, so you can write
down all its digits. For example: 0,125
A recurring or repeating decimal is a decimal number which does go on forever, but where

some of the digits are repeated over and over again. For example: 0,125252525...=0,1 25
We can distinguish:
- Decimals that the repeating part or period starts just after the decimal point (pure

recurring decimal). For example: 0,323232...=0, 32

- Decimals that the repeating part or period does not start just after the decimal point (mixed

recurring decimal). For example: 0,10232323...=0,10 23

Other decimals (Irrational numbers, they cannot be written as fractions) are those which go
on forever and don't have repeated digits. For example:
2=1,4142135...
Decimal expression of a fraction:
To calculate the decimal expression of a fraction we divide the numerator by the denominator. We
can have the following expressions:

An integer, if the numerator is a multiple of the denominator.

An exact number, if after the simplification of the fraction the numerator only has as factors
either 2 or 5.
A repeating decimal, if after the simplification of the fraction, the numerator has different
factors of 2 and 5.

Examples:
12
3

Integer

12
=4
3

Exact Decimal

57
=1,9
30

12 is a multiple of 3
57 19
=
30 10
10=25 (only factors 2 and 5)
7
9

Repeating Decimal
9=32 (different factors of 2 and 5)

7
=0,777...=0, 7
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Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

Ordering decimal numbers:

1. The number 9,162 is bigger than 9,17. True or false?

2. The number 0,175 is bigger than 0,2. True or false?

3. Which is the largest: 96,145 ; 96,2 or 96,19?

4. Which is the smallest: 25,62 ; 96,2 or 25,6?

5. Put these number in order, starting with the largest:

75,1
25,7
75,06
25,008

6. Put these numbers in order, starting with the smallest:

0,17
0,8
0,072
0,06

0,064

Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

Operations with decimal:

Addition and Subtraction:

1. Calculate:
a) 79,827,09112,1274

b) 9,031,53,0021,13

c) 1,910,003104,756

d) 12,87913,41,519,03

Multiplication:

1. Calculate:
a) 1,6 0,27

b) 0,920,004 2,5

c) 12,3 5,61,06

d) 23,763,04 2,9

Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

Division:

1. Calculate:
a) 92,14 : 5

b) 760,6 :12

c) 17,38: 1,4

d) 29,34 :0,006

Square root:
Calculate square root without using a calculator:
Example: Find

645 with one decimal place:

First group the numbers under the root in pairs from right to left, leaving either one or two digits on
the left (6 in this case). For each pairs of numbers you will get one digit in the square root.
To start, find a number whose square is less or equal to the first pair or first number, and write it
next to square root symbol:

6 45
4
245

Square the 2, giving 4, write that underneath 6, and subtract.

Bring down the next pair of digits.

Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

6 45
4
245

2
4

Then double the number 2 (highlighted), and write it down below.

6 45
4
245
225
20

2
455=225

We don't considerer the last digit of 245, so we get 24, and divide
by 4, multiplying 455, we get 225 and we subtract.
455=225 ; 245-225=20

6 45
4
245
225
20 00

25
455=225

6 45
4
245
225
2000
1509
491

25.3
455=225
5033=1509

Thus, with one decimal place,

Write 5 on the top, and bring down the next pair of digits
(in this case the decimal digits 00)

Then double 25, and do the same than before.

Dont forget to write the decimal point after 25.

645=25,3

Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

1. Calculate the square root of the following numbers with a decimal place:
a) 268

b) 162

c) 2625

d) 3780

Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

Rounding decimal numbers:

Remember that to round a number to any decimal place value we look at the digit to the right of the
place we wish to round to and when the digit 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 appears in that place, you must add one
unit to the last digit; when the digit 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 appears in that place, you must simply cut the
number.
Example:
1,17 rounded to the nearest tenth is 1,2 while 3,562 rounded to the nearest hundredth is 3,56.

Activities.

1. Round off the numbers:

2,36 to the nearest tenth
6,3757 to the nearest hundredth
0,8903 to the nearest thousandth
17,17 to the nearest unit
176,705 to the nearest hundred
67,756 to the nearest thousand
2. We have paid 5,88 for a portion of cheese. What does it weigh if the whole cheese costs
12,25 a kilo?

Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

3. 1,6 kg of cherries costs 6. How much does a kilo of cherries cost?

3. Frank asks the butcher for three steaks that, once cut, weigh 708 grams total. How much
must he pay if one kilo of steaks costs 9,35?

4. Julian is 13 years old and 1,72 metres tall. When he was 8 years old he was 1,57 metres tall.
What is his average growth per year?

5. How much does it cost a family to go to the zoo if there are two parents, two children and a
grandfather?
TICKET PRICES: ADULTS: 5,35 CHILDREN: 2,80

6. Robert goes to the market with 62,81 and buys 2,6 kg of grapes for 1,80 /kg, 0,58 kg of
bananas for 2,15 /kg, some hake that weighs 850 g and costs 11,45 /kg, and a chicken that
weighs 1,15 kg and costs 5,59 /kg. How much money is left over?

7. We want to paint a fence that is 147,8 m long and 1,8 m high. A kilo of paint costs 7,35
and covers 1,20 square metres. Calculate the estimated cost of the pain.

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Unit 5: Decimal Numbers. Mathematics 2nd E.S.O.

Teacher: Miguel Angel Hernndez

Keywords:
Decimal number= Nmero decimal
whole number part= parte entera
decimal part= parte decimal
units or ones= unidades
tens= decenas
hundreds= centenas
thousands= unidades de mil (millar)
ten thousands= decenas de mil (millar)
hundred thousands= centenas de mil (millar)
millions= unidades de milln

tenths= dcimas
hundredths= centsimas
thousandths= milsimas
ten thousandths= diesmilsimas
hundred thousandths= cienmilsimas
millionths= millonsimas

decimal point= punto para el decimal (nosotros usamos coma)

exact or terminating decimal number= nmero decimal exacto
recurring or repeating decimal number= nmero decimal peridico
pure recurring decimal= decimal peridico puro
mixed recurring decimal= decimal peridico mixto
Rational Number= Nmero Racional
Irrational Number= Nmero Irracional
to round off a number= redondear un nmero

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