Chapter 11 Modified
Chapter 11 Modified
Chapter 11 Modified
Q#7: What is difference between the loudness and intensity of sound? Derive a
relation between two.
Ans: Sound intensity is defined as the sound power per unit area OR
the energy carried by sound waves per unit time per unit area placed perpendicular to
the direction of propagation of waves.
The basic unit is watts/m2. While sound loudness is the strength of the ears perception
of a sound. The relation between two is given below
L L0 = K ( log I log I0 ) = k log I/I0
Where K= constant
L L0 = Diff. b/w loudness L of unknown sound and L0 is intensity.
Q#8: On what factors does the loudness of sound depends?
Ans: Loudness of sound depends upon:
i.
Amplitude of vibrating body (direct relation)
ii.
Area of ------------- ( direct relation)
iii.
Distance from the ------------- ( Inverse relation)
Q#9: What do you mean by intensity level of a sound? Name and define the unit
of intensity level of sound.
Ans: L L0 = K ( log I log I0 ) = k log I/I0
L L0 = Diff. b/w loudness L of unknown sound and L0 is known as intensity level of
unknown sound. Therefore, the intensity level of an unknown sound is given by
Sound level = k log I / I0
The unit of intensity level is bel and decibel. As 1bel = 10 dB.
Sound level = log I / I0 (bel)
And for dB
Sound level = 10 log I / I0 (dB)
Q#10: What are the units of loudness? Why do we use logarithmic scale to
describe the range of the sound intensities we hear?
Ans: Units of loudness is bel and decibel.
We use logarithmic scale to describe the range of sound intensities because we hear
different frequencies so, to represent them instead of large range order we prefer
logarithmic.
Q#11: What is the difference between frequency and pitch?
Ans: The number of peaks (either crests or troughs) per unit time is known as
frequency while pitch of the sound is a characteristic of sound by which a shrill sound
can be distinguished from a grave one. Pitch depends upon the frequency.
Q#12: Describe the effect of change in amplitude on loudness and the effect of
change in frequency on the pitch of sound.
Ans: The loudness of the sound varies directly with the amplitude of the vibrating body.
A higher amplitude has more loud sound. Pitch of the sound varies directly with
frequency. A higher pitch means higher frequency and vice versa.
Q#13: If the pitch of sound is increased, what are the changes in the following?
a. the frequency
b. the wavelength
c. the wave velocity
d. the amplitude of the wave
Ans:
a. the frequency increases
b. the wavelength decreases
c. the wave velocity increases
d. the amplitude doesnt change because pitch is independent of sound.
Q#14: If we clap or speak in front of a building while standing at a particular
distance, we rehear our sound after sometime. Can we explain how does this
happen?
Ans: If we clap or speak in front of a building while standing at a particular distance, we
rehear our sound after sometime. This is due to reflection and this phenomenon is
known as echo.
Q#15, Q#16, Q#17 & Q#18
Ans: concern from text book (long questions)
Conceptual Questions
Q#1: Why two tin cans with a string stretched between them could be better way
to communicate tan merely shouting through the air?
Ans: Two tin cans with a string stretched between them could be better way to
communicate tan merely shouting through the air because sound is a wave and it
transfer energy from one place to another and in solids sound travels faster so, we can
easily hear sound through string.
Q#2: We can recognize persons speaking with the same loudness from their
voice. How is this possible?
Ans: We can recognize persons speaking with the same loudness from their voice
because their quality of sound is different.
Q#3: You can listen to your friend round a corner, but you cant watch him/her.
Why?
Ans: You can listen to your friend round a corner, because sound waves can propagate
from solid medium. So, you hear sound but cant see him/her.
Q#4: Why must the volume of a stereo in a room with wall-to-wall carpet can be
tuned higher than in room with the wooden floor?
Ans: This is because if the surface is smooth than reflection of sound is more
prominent.
Q#5: A student says that the two terms speed and frequency of a wave refer to
the same thing. What is your response?
Ans: When any student says this my response is very unpleasant because these two
terms doesnt refer to same thing.
Frequency is the number of peaks per unit time while speed is the measure of how long
it takes to travel a given distance.
Q#6: Two people are listening to the same music at the same distance. They
disagree on its loudness. Explain how this could happen?
Ans: They disagree because the loudness of the sound is a characteristic which
depends upon the physical condition of the ears of the listener.
Q#7: Is there any difference between echo and reflection of sound? Explain.
Ans: No, there is no difference.
Actually echo is a reflection which can be defined as when sound is incident on the
surface of a medium it bounces back into the first medium.
Q#8: Will two separate 50dB sounds together constitute a 100dB sound? Explain.
Ans: No, two separate 50dB sounds together do not constitute a 100dB sound because
dB is an logarithmic scale. Each ten dB increase in sound makes the sound ten times
louder. An increase of 50dB makes sound 104 times louder. Hence it will not make
100dB but twice as loud is an increase of 10 log (2) = 3.01 dB.
Q#9: Why ultrasound is useful in medical field?
Ans: An ultrasound is helpful way to observe many of bodys internal organs. It also
used to determine tumors, to check the flow of blood in vessels.
Additional Questions
Question#1: How sound is produced? Give Examples
Sound is a form of energy.
It is produced from a vibrating body which transfers in air from one place to other in
the form of compressional waves.
A medium is necessary for the traveling of sound.
For example:
i) Strike a spoon on a pan. A particular sound is produced. You can feel its vibration by
touching it with your finger.
ii) If we strike a tuning fork on a rubber pad, a sound is heard and the prongs of the
tuning for start vibrating.
Question#2: What is audible frequency range?
As name indicates, it is a range of sounds frequency, which a person can hear.
A human ear can hear a sound only if its frequency lies between 20 and 20,000 hertz
(Hz).
If the frequency of sound is less or greater than this range then that sound is
inaudible and could not be heard.
This range can be slightly differs in different persons.
Question#3: What are ultrasonic and what are its uses?
We know that human ear can hear a sound of frequency between 20 and 20,000 hertz.
The sounds of higher frequencies are utilized in many useful ways. These sounds
are called ultrasonic.
Some uses of ultrasonic are as under: i) In medical fields ultrasonic waves are used to diagnose and treat many ailments.