Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune: King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune: King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
Dr. A. Aziz Bazoune: King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
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Crack Initiation
Crack Propagation
Sharp crack creates a stress
concentration
Each tensile stress cycle causes
the crack to grow
(~10-8 to 10-4 in/cycle)
Fracture
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Figure 7-5
Fatigue fracture surface
of a forged connecting
rod of AISI 8640 steel.
The fatigue crack origin is
at the left edge, at the
flash line of the forging,
but no unusual roughness
of the flash trim was
indicated. The fatigue
crack progressed halfway
around the oil hole at the
left, indicated by the
beach marks, before final
fast fracture occurred.
Note the pronounced shear lip in the final fracture at the right edge. (From ASM Handbook,
Vol. 12: Fractography, ASM International, Materials Park, OH 44073-0002, fig 523, p. 332.
Reprinted by permission of ASM International , www.asminternational.org.)
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Repeated stresses
Alternating stresses
Fluctuating stresses
A material can also FAIL by being loaded repeatedly to a stress level that is
LESS than (Su)
Fatigue failure
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Fatigue-Life Methods
Fluctuating Stresses
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Three major fatigue life methods used in design and analysis for safe
life estimation:
1.Stress life method (S-N Curves)
2.Strain life method (-N Curve)
3.Linear elastic fracture mechanics method
1 N 103 cycles
N 103 cycles
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1. Stress-Life Method
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2. Strain-Life Method
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3.
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To determine the strength of materials under the action of fatigue loads, specimens are
subjected to repeated or varying forces of specified magnitudes while the cycles or
stress reversals are counted to destruction. The most widely used fatigue-testing device
is the R. R. Moore high-speed rotating-beam machine. The specimen, shown in
Fig.6-9, is very carefully machined and polished, with a final polishing in an axial
Direction to avoid circumferential scratches.
Figure 7-9
Test-specimen geometry for
the R. R. Moore rotatingbeam machine. The bending
moment is uniform over the
curved at the highest-stressed
portion, a valid test of
material, whereas a fracture
elsewhere (not at the higheststress level) is grounds for
suspicion of material flaw.
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Semi-Log Scale
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Eventually these
materials will fail
due to repeated
loading.
To come up with an
equivalent
endurance limit,
designers typically
use the value of
the fatigue
strength Sf at 108
cycles
Figure 7-11
S-N bands for representative aluminum alloys, excluding
wrought alloys with Sut< 38 kpsi.
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