OBJECTIVE

THE OBJECTIVE OF STARTING UP

OF THE TURBOGENERATOR IS TO
BRING A UNIT ON LOAD AND
RAISE IT TO THE RATED OUTPUT
WITHIN THE OPTIMUM TIME BUT
WITHOUT UNDUE STRESSES ON
THE TURBINE COMPONENTS.

TYPES OF START UP
Turbine Start up are classified as
Cold, Hot & Warm Start up
Cold Start up If HPT metal Tempr<1500C.
Warm start up If HPT metal tempr betwn
150 to 3500C.

Hot start up If HPT metal temp > 3500C.

General Preparation of Start up

All the repair works on the turbine are
completed and all PTWs are cancelled.
All the Turbo-supervisory instruments are
available.
Generator excitation system,GT & UAT
cooling system,seal oil system etc.are OK
All the interlocks and protections of
Turbine & Generator are already checked
up and kept I/s.

Unit status before Turbine Rolling

Turbo-Generator on Burring gear with all
Turbo supervisory parameters are normal.
Boiler is lighted up condition with one or
two oil elevations are I/s.
HP-LP Bypass is in charged condition.
Boiler load index is 95 to 100 T/Hr.
Steam parameter are ready for rolling.
M.S. Pr. 35-40 Ksc. HRH Pr. 12-14 Ksc.
M.S. and HRH Tempr. 320 to 3500C

Start up Considerations
During the startup the Turbine is subjected
to Non-Steady state operation.
This covers the operating condn where Speed,
steam Pressure and temperature change with
time.
Under these condn turbine components which
are exposed to temperature changes subjected
to thermal stress and expansion.
For turbine life point of view, it is very much
necessary to limit the extent of these
temperature changes.

 To take care of the above factor the operator has to

follow the recommendations from Turbine Stress
Evaluator and start the Rolling procedure by following
Criteria curves X1 to X7 right from the beginning.
TURBINE STRESS EVALUATOR
The Turbine is equipped with the TSE which
provides adequate guidance to the operator by
indicating tempr margins and Load margins.
These Margins have been derived on the basis of
Actual Thermal Stress and Material Fatigue.

 Frequent and substantial departures

from criteria curves and TSE
Indication can result
a.Reduction in total life of Turbine
b.Non permissible deformation.

and
c.Cracking of Turbine Components.

RESETTING THE TURBINE

Why Turbine Resetting?
When the Turbine trips due to Electrical or
Mechanical Protection Trip oil drains quickly.
In the absence of the Trip oil Turbine Stop and
Control vlvs closes quickly.
So the Trip oil is basically required for keeping
the ESVs and IVs in open condn and getting
required Secondary oil pressr for opening the
HPCVs and IPCVs.
.

 The Trip oil again can be generated

again by Resetting the Turbine.
Now to Reset the Turbine We have to

1. Reset the Unit Or Master Trip Relay.

2. Bring the Starting Device to Zero.

 UNIT or MASTER TRIP RELAY can be

reset
1. By Resetting Boiler Master Fuel Trip
Relays.
2. All Generator Trip Relays Reset.
and
3. Turbine Electrical Protections to be
Reset.

 The Zero position of starting device generates

a. Start up oil

and

b. Aux start up oil.

Aux start up oil is required to reset Trip gear.

Start up oil is required for opening ESVs and
IVs.
It also ensures that the control vlvs opening are
prevented till ESVs and IVs are opened.

Unit status before Turbine Rolling

Turbo-Generator on Burring gear with all
Turbo supervisory parameters are normal.
Boiler is lighted up condition with one or
two oil elevations are I/s.
HP-LP Bypass is in charged condition.
Boiler load index is 95 to 100 T/Hr.
Steam parameter are ready for rolling.
M.S. Pr. 35-40 Ksc. HRH Pr. 12-14 Ksc.
M.S. and HRH Tempr. 320 to 3500C

Opening of ESVs and IVs

Before opening of Stop vlvs following drains to be
kept opened.
1. MS Strainer drains 2. HRH Strainer drains
3. Seat drain before ESVs 4. Seat drain before IVs.
TSE selected in Admission mode.
HP-IP Trim device on.
Following SLCs of the following equpts are ON
a. Oil p/ps and Turning Gear. b.LP water injection
d. HPCV Warm-up control vlvs.
e. All drain vlvs.
The Criteria for MS and HRH Superheat and X 1
and X3 are satisfied.

STEAM WITH 50O SUPERHEAT

RECOMMENDED MINIMUM CURVE (CURVE-A) AND MAXIMUM

(CURVE-B) MAIN STEAM TEMPERATURE AHEAD OF TURBINE
WHEN OPENING THE MAIN STOP VALVES.

Starting Device to be raised to 42%

OBSERVATIONS
ESV 1& 2 are open.
HPCV warm up drain vlvs starts
opening.
HPCV Surface and Mid Metal
Tempr start showing increasing
trends and they should be given
proper time to stabilize.

RAISE STARTING DEVICE TO 56%

OBSERVATION
IV1 AND IV2 ARE FULL OPEN

Bring the Turbine to soaking

speed.
Before rolling the turbine to soaking
speed it is to be ensured
1. TSE to kept on Turbine mode.
2. Criteria curve x4 and x5 for
opening the control valves must be
satisfied.

RECOMMENDED MINIMUM MAIN STEAM TEMPERATURE AHEAD

OF TURBINE BEFORE OPENING THE MAIN CONTROL VALVES

RECOMMENDED MINIMUM REHEAT TEMPERATURE AHEAD OF

IP TURBINE BEFORE OPENING THE REHEAT CONTROL VALVES

EHC should be ready for operation and

Speed controller is active.
Tracking Device to be kept ON.
(Starting device to be made 70% in case
Tracking

Device facility is not available).

Hydraulic Governor to be kept bypassed by

raising the speeder gear to 100%.

Speed Reference is raised to 600

rpm
OBSERVATION
Gate valve Gearing closes at 240 rpm.
JOP trips at 540 rpm.
Turbine speed stabilizes at 600-650 rpm.
All Turbo supervisory parameters are normal.

Speed raising to 3000rpm

Speed is raised to 3000 rpm once the
conditions are mentioned below are
fulfilled
TSE is selected on Turbine mode.
TSE upper margin > 400k.
Criteria curve x6 is satisfied.
which ensures the proper warming up of HP
Turbine w.r.t. M.S.Temperature.

The Differential Expansion are within

limits.

The Top & Bottom temperature difference

of casing are within limits (35 Deg).

Sufficient Steam generation in the Boiler

to meet the requirement of the Turbine
for Block Loading after Synchronisation.

RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM MAIN STEAM TEMPERATURE

AHEAD OF TURBINE BEFORE THE TURBINE IS BROUGHT TO
RATED SPEED

Speed reference raised to

3000rpm
OBSERVATION
Vibration level to be watched at critical
speed at 1500 rpm and 2400 r.p.m.
AOP can be taken out at 2850 r.p.m.
All TSI parameters should preferably
within normal values.
Turbine to be soaked at 3000 rpm to fulfill
X7 criteria.

RECOMMENDED MAXIMUM MAIN REHEAT TEMPERATURE

BEFORE TURBINE IS LOADED

Generator Synchronization and Block

loading
Load Controller to be switched ON.
Load Reference to be set to 20 MW.
Load limit to be set at 50 MW.
Load Gradient to be switched ON.
Load Gradient to be set on 10 MW/Min.

 Limit Pressure Mode to be selected.

Generator Earthing Switch to be opened.
Bus side Isolator and Generator side Isolator to
be closed.
Generator Protections to be kept on that
breaker which is to be closed for joining with
grid.
All the Turbo supervisory parameter are
checked and ensured that they are normal.

Synchronization Procedure
Generator Field Breaker closed.
Generator Terminal Voltage built up to 15.75KV
by increasing excitation voltage.
Synchroscope switch kept on CHECK mode.
Voltage,Frequency of incoming power are
matched with the same of running(Grid).
Generator breaker closed once In Synchronism
lamp appears at 12O clock Synchroscope needle
position. (Rotation of needle should be in
clockwise direction).

 Load controller takes up load to 20 MW thus

avoiding tripping of Generator on Low Forward
Power Protection.

Starting device raised to 100%.

HP-LP Bypass closed.
All MS, HRH, CRH and Cylinder drains are
closed after 5% loading has been done.

Turbine Rolling with Hydraulic governor

Turbine has to be reset as usual before

rolling.
Following things are to be taken care
of before raising Starting device.
Tracking Device Off.
Speeder Gear Position zero.
Speed Reference position zero.

 Speed reference raised to 100%.

EHC output goes to 100%.

Starting device position raised to 43%.

ESVS get opened.

Starting device further raised to 56%.

IVS get opened.
Henceforth starting device is raised carefully
and speed is brought to 600 rpm by trial and
error method.

 Turbine soaked at 600 rpm.

Before increasing speed to 3000 rpm
a. TSE upper margin>400.
b. X6 criteria curve satisfied.
Starting device raised to 100% non stop.
a.Turbine speed rises to 2700 rpm.
Hydraulic governor takes over at 90% of
rated speed(2700 rpm).
Hence further speed is raised by Speeder gear.

Speeder gear position further raised and

speed is stabilized at 3020 rpm.

Turbine soaked at same speed to fulfill X7

criteria for further loading.

Synchronization and Block loading(by

increasing speeder gear) done.