The document provides information about the Raspberry Pi system-on-chip including its CPU, GPU, RAM and connections for display, audio and storage. It also covers networking, peripherals, power consumption and basic setup instructions.
The document provides information about the Raspberry Pi system-on-chip including its CPU, GPU, RAM and connections for display, audio and storage. It also covers networking, peripherals, power consumption and basic setup instructions.
The document provides information about the Raspberry Pi system-on-chip including its CPU, GPU, RAM and connections for display, audio and storage. It also covers networking, peripherals, power consumption and basic setup instructions.
The document provides information about the Raspberry Pi system-on-chip including its CPU, GPU, RAM and connections for display, audio and storage. It also covers networking, peripherals, power consumption and basic setup instructions.
802.11 b, up to 11Mbps 802.11 g, up to 54Mbps 802.11 n, up to 300Mbps 802.11 ac (draft), up to 1Gbps
Frequency band 2.4GHz, 5GHz
Low Speed Peripherals
General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Pins can be configured to be input/output Reading from various environmental sensors Ex: IR, video, temperature, 3-axis orientation, acceleration
Writing output to dc motors, LEDs for status.
Power Consumption microUSB power connector 2.5W (model A) 3.5W (model B)
Powered USB hub
To provide more power for USB peripherals
Useful links Raspberry Pi official website http://www.raspberrypi.org/
Raspberry Pi wiki http://elinux.org/RaspberryPiBoard
Raspberry Pi Setup 1. Download the Raspberry Pi operating system Linux releases compatible with the Pi: http://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads The recommended OS is Raspbian: http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_latest
2. Unzip the file that you just downloaded
Right click on the file and choose Extract all. Follow the instructionsyou will end up with a file ending in .img
3. Download the Win32DiskImager software
a) Download win32diskimager-binary.zip (currently version 0.6) from: https://launchpad.net/win32-imagewriter/+download b) Unzip it in the same way you did the Raspbian .zip file c) You now have a new folder called win32diskimager-binary
4. Writing Raspbian to the SD card
a) Plug your SD card into your PC b) In the folder you made in step 3(b), run the file named Win32DiskImager.exe c) If the SD card (Device) you are using isnt found automatically then click on the drop down box and select it d) In the Image File box, choose the Raspbian .img file that you downloaded e) Click Write f) After a few minutes you will have an SD card that you can use in your Raspberry Pi
5. Booting your Raspberry Pi for the first time
On first boot you will come to the Raspi-config window Change settings such as timezone and locale if you want Finally, select the second choice: expand_rootfs and say yes to a reboot The Raspberry Pi will reboot and you will see raspberrypi login: Username: pi, password: raspberry
Start the desktop by typing: startx
The desktop environment is known as the Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment (LXDE)
Re-mapping Keyboard: sudo vi /etc/default/keyboard XKBLAYOUT=gb Change gb to us (This assumes you want a us mapping, if not replace the gb with the two letter code for your country)
Install and Start SSH
Update apt-get package index files: sudo apt-get update
Install Java 1. JDK 8 (with JavaFX) for ARM Early Access http://jdk8.java.net/fxarmpreview/ Download from Raspberry pi Download from your own PC and copy it (scp) to Raspberry pi
Extract the JDK tar.gz file
tar zxvf fileToExtract.tar.gz You will get a folder jdk1.8.0
Set Java PATH
If you put the folder jdk1.8.0 in the home directory (i.e. /home/pi), you will see the java executables (e.g. javac, java, appletviewer) in the directory: /home/pi/jdk1.8.0/bin open /etc/profile add: PATH=$PATH:/home/pi/jdk1.8.0/bin export PATH Reboot: sudo reboot
Linux System Administration
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Kernel and Distribution
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Kernel and Distribution
Although only the kernel itself is rightly
called Linux, the term is often used to refer to a collection of different opensource projects from a variety of companies. These collections come together to form different flavors of Linux, known as distributions.
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File System Logical Layout
boot: This contains Linux kernel and other packages needed to start the Pi bin: OS-related binary files, like those required to run the GUI, are stored here. dev: Virtual directory, which doesnt actually exist on the SD card. All devices connected to the system can be accessed from here. etc: This stores miscellaneous configuration files, including the list of users and their encrypted passwords home: Each user gets a subdirectory beneath this directory to store all their personal files lib: This is a storage space for libraries, which are shared bits of code required by different applications. lost+found: A special directory where file fragments are stored if the system crashes. media: A special directory for removable storage devices, like USB memory sticks or external CD drives. 32
File System Logical Layout
mnt: This folder is used to manually mount storage devices, such as external hard drives. opt: This stores optional software that is not part of the OS itself. If you install new software to your Pi, it will usually go here. proc: Another virtual directory, containing information about running programs which are known in Linux as processes. selinux: Files related to Security Enhanced Linux, a suite of security utilites originally developed by the US National Security Agency. sbin: Stores special binary files, primarily used by the root account for system maintenance. sys: This directory is where special OS files are stored. tmp: Temporary files are stored here automatically. usr: This directory provides storage for user accessible programs. var: This is virtual directory that programs use to store changing values or variables. 33
Software LXTerminal and Root Terminal: use the Linux command line in a window without leaving the GUI. Midori & NetSurf: Lightweight web browser IDLE and IDLE 3: IDE for Python 2.7 and 3 Task Manager: Checks the available memory, processor workload, closes crashed or unresponsive programs Music player at the console: moc OpenOffice.org: sudo apt-get install openoffice.org Image Editing: Gimp LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP) stack Sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 php5-mysql mysql-server 34
Installing, Uninstalling and Updating Software
Package manager in Debian: apt
Make sure that the apt cache is up to date:
sudo apt-get install emacs
Uninstalling software:
apt-cache search emacs
Installing software and dependencies:
apt-get update
Finding software:
GUI for apt, Synaptic Package Manager doesnt work well on Pi due to the lack of memory
sudo apt-get remove emacs
sudo apt-get purge emacs (removes everything including configurations)
Upgrading software:
Sudo apt-get upgrade
Sudo apt-get install emacs 35
Troubleshooting Keyboard and Mouse Diagnostics Power Diagnostics Display Diagnostics Network Diagnostics Emergency Kernel 36
USB Wi-Fi adapters are very power-hungry. Connect a powered USB hub to the Pi, and then insert the Wi-Fi adapter into that. Print out the entire kernel ring buffer and find out the company that makes the actual chip: mesg | grep ^usb Atmel-firmware Firmware-atheros Firmware-brcm80211 Firmeware-intelwimax Firmware-ipw2x00 Firmware-iwlwifi Firmware-ralink Firmware-realteck Zd1211-firmware Check the current status of the network: iwconfig 38
Configurating the Raspberry Pi
RPi doesnt have a BIOS menu. It relies on text files containing configuration strings that are loaded by the chip when powers on. Hardware settings: config.txt Memory Partitioning: start.elf Software Settings: cmdline.txt
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References for Python
Beginners Guide to Python http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide A free, interactive tutorial http://www.learnpython.org Learn Python the Hard Way (Shavian Publishing, 2012) Dive Into Python 3 (APRESS, 2009) 40
General Purpose Input/Output
(GPIO)
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General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) is a
generic pin on a chip whose behavior can be controlled by the user at run time.
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The GPIO connector has a number of different
types of connection: True GPIO (General Purpose Input Output) pins that you can use to turn LEDs on and off etc. I2C interface pins that allow you to connect hardware modules with just two control pins SPI interface with SPI devices, a similar concept to I2C but uses a different standard Serial Rx and Tx pins for communication with serial peripherals 43
GPIO pins can be used as both digital outputs
and digital inputs. Output: turn a particular pin HIGH or LOW. Setting it HIGH sets it to 3.3V; setting it LOW sets it to 0V.
Input: detect the pin being at HIGH or LOW
we can connect switches and simple sensors to a pin and check whether it is open or closed (that is, activated or not) 44
To use the pin numbers from the ribbon cable board:
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) To use the pin numbers on raspberry pi board GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) All the pins have 3.3V logic levels and are not 5V-safe so the output levels are 0-3.3V and the inputs should not be higher than 3.3V.
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Electronic Equipment Breadboard Components in the same row are connected together without wires
Jumper Wires Try to use different colors to differentiate different purposes
Resistors Push-Buttons LEDs
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GPIO setup on Raspberry Pi
Install Python 2 library Rpi.GPIO. A library that will let us control the GPIO pins.
GPIO as Output Experiment 1: Controlling LED LED Breadboard Jumper wire
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Breadboard Build circuit easily without soldering
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Use Cobbler kit to extend the GPIO to
breadboard
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Light-emitting diode (LED)
Current flows from the anode to cathode. Anode: longer pin Cathode: shorter pin
Use a multimeter to test the polarity
Check resistance In both directions.
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Multimeter
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Task 1: Turn LED on for 2 seconds and
off for 1 second, loop forever In this example, we control the LED by controlling the voltage at the anode (+).
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Code for task 1
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO import time def main(): GPIO.cleanup() GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) # to use Raspberry Pi board pin numbers GPIO.setup(11, GPIO.OUT) # set up GPIO output channel while True: GPIO.output(11, GPIO.LOW) # set RPi board pin 11 low. Turn off LED. time.sleep(1) GPIO.output(11, GPIO.HIGH) # set RPi board pin 11 high. Turn on LED. time.sleep(2) main()
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GPIO as Input When the switch is not pushed: GPIO detects Vcc (HIGH) When the switch is pushed: GPIO detects GND (LOW)
Pull up resistor
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GPIO Input Sample Code
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
# Use the pin numbers from the ribbon cable board
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
# Set up this pin as input.
GPIO.setup(17, GPIO.IN)
# Check the value of the input pin
GPIO.input(17)
# Hold down the button, run the command again. The
output should be "true". GPIO.input(17)
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Check input using polling
input = True prev_input = True while True: input = GPIO.input(17) if (prev_input and (not input)): print("Button pressed") #update previous input prev_input = input #slight pause to debounce time.sleep(0.05)
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Check input using call back
RPi.GPIO version 0.5.1a GPIO.setup(17, GPIO.IN) def my_callback(): global time_stamp # put in to debounce time_now = time.time() if (time_now - time_stamp) >= 0.05: print Button Pressed" time_stamp = time_now GPIO.add_event_detect(17, GPIO.FALLING, callback=my _callback)
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Experiment 2: Display digit on 7segment LED
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Experiment 2: Display digit on 7segment LED
Most direct way to control display: Connect pin 3/8 of 7-seg-LED to Vcc Connect the other 8 pins to 8 GPIO pins Configure the 8 GPIO pins as output
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Experiment 2: Display digit on 7segment LED
For example: display 2 Turn on segments A, B, D, E G. and turn off segments C, F, DP Set A,B,D,E,G to LOW and set C, F, DP to HIGH Set Pin 7, 6, 2, 1, 10 LOW Set pin 4, 9, 5 HIGH
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The most direct way uses 8 GPIO pins.
If we only display 0-9 digits, this is inefficient. Use BCD to 7-segment decoder to display digit
How to display multiple digits?
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Using I2C: Control 4 digit 7-segment display How to do multiple 7segment display? Multiplexing
The driver chip behind
it will do this for us We can control it through I2C
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Configure I2C Add modules Add two modules to the end of file /etc/modules : i2c-bcm2708 i2c-dev
Maxim: DS18B20+ Operating temperature: -55 C to +125 C Accuracy: 0.5 C (-10 C to +80 C) Datasheet: http://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/d s/DS18B20.pdf Request free sample at: http://www.maximintegrated.com/
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DS18B20+ Features Unique 1-Wire Interface Requires Only One Port Pin for Communication Each Device has a Unique 64-Bit Serial Code Stored on an On-Board ROM Requires No External Components Thermometer Resolution is User Selectable from 9 to 12 Bits Convert temperature to 12-Bit Digital Word in 750ms (max) 69
DS18B20+ connection diagram
This is a BOTTOM view. Identify GND and POWER
correctly before you connect. !!! Wrong connection of GND and POWER will burn the chip instantly. 70
How to read data from DS18B20+?
Look at DS18B20+. Follow the 1-wire protocol. 1-Wire is a device communications bus system designed by Dallas Semiconductor Corp. that provides low-speed data, signaling, and power over a single signal. Multiple 1-wire sensors can share the same pin See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Wire for details http://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/DS 18B20.pdf 71
Read temperature We do not need to implement the 1-wire protocol ourselves. We can read temperature from a file sudo modprobe w1-gpio sudo modprobe w1-therm cd /sys/bus/w1/devices ls cd 28-xxxx (may need change to match serial no.) cat w1_slave 72
Read temperature In Python, we can read the temperature by parsing that file: import os import glob import time os.system('modprobe w1-gpio') os.system('modprobe w1-therm') base_dir = '/sys/bus/w1/devices/' device_folder = glob.glob(base_dir + '28*')[0] device_file = device_folder + '/w1_slave'
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Python Socket Programming
Two types of sockets: Stream & datagram streamSock = socket.socket( socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM ) dgramSock = socket.socket( socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM )
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Sample Code: Stream Client
import socket clientSocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) clientSocket.connect((192.168.2.10',23000)) clientSocket.send("Hello World\n") # data receive from server and print print clientSocket.recv(100) clientSocket.close()
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Sample Code: Stream Server
import socket serverSocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) serverSocket.bind(('',23000)) serverSocket.listen( 5 ) while 1: # wait for clients connection clientSocket, (remoteHost, remotePort) = serverSocket.accept() # receive data from client s = clientSocket.recv(100) # send data back to server clientSocket.send(s) clientSocket.close() 76
Experiment: LED controlled by remote sensor 1st Raspberry Pi board houses temperature sensor 2nd Raspberry Pi board houses an LED. The sensor reports the temperature to the 2nd Raspberry Pi board. LED will be turned on when the temperature is higher than a threshold.
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IP Camera Setup Turn a USB-based camera to an IP camera Install motion package sudo apt-get install motion
Start motion service
sudo services motion start
Configure motion in /etc/motion/motion.conf
Daemon = OFF to ON webcam_localhost = ON to OFF webcam_port = desired port number or 8088 control_port = desired port number or 8089 78
IP Camera Setup Let the motion service start automatically: sudo vi /etc/default/motion: start_motion_daemon=no to yes
sudo service motion restart
View video from webcam http://192.168.0.85:8088
Remotely control the web cam settings:
http://192.168.0.85:8089 79
References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadboard http://robig.net/blog/ http://www.societyofrobots.com/electronics_led_tutor ial.shtml http://macao.communications.museum/eng/exhibitio n/secondfloor/moreinfo/Displays.html See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Wire for details http://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/DS18B 20.pdf http://learn.adafruit.com/category/raspberry-pi 80
Raspberry Pi For Beginners: How to get the most out of your raspberry pi, including raspberry pi basics, tips and tricks, raspberry pi projects, and more!
Agile SDLC Model Is A Combination of Iterative and Incremental Process Models With Focus On Process Adaptability and Customer Satisfaction by Rapid Delivery of Working Software Product
Raspberry Pi For Beginners: How to get the most out of your raspberry pi, including raspberry pi basics, tips and tricks, raspberry pi projects, and more!
Agile SDLC Model Is A Combination of Iterative and Incremental Process Models With Focus On Process Adaptability and Customer Satisfaction by Rapid Delivery of Working Software Product
