Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

*5879467154*

CHEMISTRY

0620/32
May/June 2014

Paper 3 (Extended)

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 12 printed pages.

IB14 06_0620_32/4RP
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1

The table below gives the electron distributions of atoms of different elements.
element

electron distribution

2+7

2+8+4

2+8+8+1

2 + 8 + 18 + 5

2 + 8 + 18 + 7

2 + 8 + 18 + 18 + 8

For each of the following, select an element or elements from the table that matches the description.
Each element may be selected once, more than once or not at all.
(a) These two elements are in the same group.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) This element forms a fluoride with a formula of the type XF3.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) This element reacts violently with cold water.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) This element has a macromolecular structure similar to that of diamond.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(e) The only oxidation state of this element is 0.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(f) This element is bromine.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(g) This element is a good conductor of electricity.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 7]

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2

(a) Natural gas, which is mainly methane, is a fossil fuel.

(i)

What is meant by the term fuel ?

.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

Name two other fossil fuels.

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii)

Name a solid fuel which is not a fossil fuel.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Fossil fuels are formed by the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. Anaerobic means in
the absence of oxygen.
(i)

The organic matter contains hydrogen and carbon. Suggest the products that would be
formed if the decomposition occurred in the presence of oxygen.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

What are the two main disadvantages in the widespread use of fossil fuels?
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

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3

Plant growth is improved by the availability of essential elements, such as nitrogen, and by the soil
having a suitable pH.
(a) Nitrogen-based fertilisers are made from ammonia. Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber
process.
(i)

Describe the Haber process giving reaction conditions and a balanced equation.
(Do not discuss reaction rate and yield.)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [5]

(ii)

Fertilisers contain nitrogen.

Name the other two elements essential for plant growth commonly found in fertilisers.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Crops do not grow well if the soil is too acidic.

(i)

One cause of acidity in soil is acid rain. Explain how acid rain is formed.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii)

Name two bases which are used to increase the pH of acidic soils.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 12]

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4

Propanoic acid is a carboxylic acid. Its formula is CH3CH2COOH.

(a) Propanoic acid is the third member of the homologous series of carboxylic acids.
(i)

Give the name and structural formula of the fourth member of this series.
name ...................................................................................................................................
formula .......................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

Members of a homologous series have very similar chemical properties.

State three other characteristics of a homologous series.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) Carboxylic acids can be made by the oxidation of alcohols.

(i)

Draw the structural formula of the alcohol which can be oxidised to propanoic acid.
Show all atoms and bonds.

[1]
(ii)

Name a reagent, other than oxygen, which can oxidise alcohols to carboxylic acids.
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

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(c) Complete the following equations for some of the reactions of propanoic acid.
The salts of this acid are called propanoates.
(i)

zinc + propanoic acid ........................... ........................... + hydrogen

[1]

(ii)

calcium + propanoic ........................... ........................... + ...........................

oxide
acid

[1]

(iii)

LiOH + CH3CH2COOH ............................... + ...........................

[1]

(d) A piece of magnesium was added to 100 cm3 of an aqueous acid. The time taken for the metal
to react completely was measured. This experiment was repeated using different aqueous
acids. The same volume of acid was used in each experiment and the pieces of magnesium
used were identical. In one experiment the reaction was carried out at a different temperature.
experiment

acid

concentration
in mol / dm3

temperature
/ C

time
/ minutes

propanoic

1.0

20

propanoic

1.0

30

propanoic

0.5

20

hydrochloric

1.0

20

Explain the following in terms of collision rate between reacting particles.

(i)

Why is the rate in experiment C slower than the rate in experiment A?

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii)

Why is the rate in experiment B faster than the rate in experiment A?

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii)

Why is the rate in experiment D faster than the rate in experiment A?

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 18]

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5

Carbonyl chloride is made from carbon monoxide and chlorine.

CO(g) + Cl 2(g)

COCl 2(g)

(a) Two methods of preparing carbon monoxide are from methane and oxygen, and from methane
and steam.
(i)

The reaction between methane and oxygen can also form carbon dioxide. How can carbon
monoxide be made instead of carbon dioxide?
....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

The following reaction is used to make carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

The reaction is carried out at 1100 C and normal pressure.
CH4(g) + H2O(g)

CO(g) + 3H2(g)

The reaction is reversible and comes to equilibrium. Suggest why a high temperature is
used.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii)

What is the disadvantage of using a high pressure for the reaction given in (a)(ii)?
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Chlorine is made by the electrolysis of concentrated aqueous sodium chloride.

Describe this electrolysis. Write ionic equations for the reactions at the electrodes and name
the sodium compound formed.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [5]

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(c) The structural formula of carbonyl chloride is given below.
Cl
C

Cl
Draw a diagram showing the arrangement of the valency electrons around the atoms in one
molecule of this covalent compound.
Use to represent an electron from an oxygen atom.
Use to represent an electron from a chlorine atom.
Use to represent an electron from a carbon atom.

[3]
[Total: 13]
6

Scandium, proton number 21, is not a typical transition element.

(a) Scandium is a low density metal which has only one oxidation state in its compounds. Scandium
compounds are white solids which form colourless solutions. Titanium, the next metal in the
period, is a far more typical transition element. How would the properties of titanium differ from
those of scandium?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

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(b) Scandium fluoride is an ionic compound. The valency of scandium in scandium fluoride is
three.
Draw a diagram which shows the formula of this compound, the charges on the ions and the
arrangement of the valency electrons around the negative ions.
Use to represent an electron from a fluorine atom.
Use to represent an electron from a scandium atom.

[3]
(c) Scandium oxide is insoluble in water. Describe how you could show that it is an amphoteric
oxide.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 9]

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7

The soluble salt hydrated lithium sulfate is made by titration from the soluble base lithium hydroxide.

burette filled with

sulfuric acid

conical flask
aqueous lithium hydroxide
and a few drops of a pH indicator
(a) The sulfuric acid is added slowly from the burette until the indicator just changes colour. The
volume of sulfuric acid needed to just neutralise the lithium hydroxide is noted.
Describe how you would continue the experiment to obtain pure dry crystals of hydrated lithium
sulfate.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [5]
(b) Using 25.0 cm3 of aqueous lithium hydroxide, concentration 2.48 mol / dm3, 2.20 g of hydrated
lithium sulfate was obtained.
Calculate the percentage yield, giving your answer to one decimal place.
2LiOH + H2SO4 Li2SO4 + 2H2O
Li2SO4 + H2O Li2SO4.H2O
Number of moles of LiOH used = .......................
Number of moles of Li2SO4.H2O which could be formed = .......................
Mass of one mole of Li2SO4.H2O = 128 g
Maximum yield of Li2SO4.H2O = ....................... g
Percentage yield = .......................%

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(c) An experiment was carried out to show that the formula of the hydrated salt is Li2SO4.H2O.
A sample of the hydrated salt was weighed and its mass recorded. It was then heated and the
anhydrous salt was weighed. This procedure was repeated until two consecutive masses were
the same. This procedure is called heating to constant mass.
(i)

What is the reason for heating to constant mass?

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii)

The mass of the hydrated salt is m1 and the mass of the anhydrous salt is m2. Explain how
you could show that the hydrated salt has one mole of water of crystallisation per mole of
the anhydrous salt.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 13]

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 UCLES 2014

85

0620/32/M/J/14

133

Fr

Caesium

Cs

21

88

56

Radium

Ra

226

Barium

137

Ba

Strontium

38

22

89

57

Ac

Actinium

227

Key

Hafnium

b = proton (atomic) number

X = atomic symbol

a = relative atomic mass

72

178

Hf

139

La

Zirconium

40

91

Zr

Titanium

Yttrium

Lanthanum

39

89

88

Sr

Scandium

Calcium

*58-71 Lanthano d ser es

90-103 Act no d ser es

87

Francium

55

37

Rubidium

Rb

20

Ca
23

51

24

52

Cr
25

55

Mn
26

56

Fe
27

59

Co
28

59

Ni
29

64

Cu
30

65

Zn

181

Ta

Niobium

90

58

74

59

Protactinium

91

Pa

Praseodymium

141

Pr

Tungsten

184

Molybdenum

42

96

Mo

Chromium

75

92

Uranium

238

Neodymium

60

144

Nd

Rhenium

186

Re

Technetium

43

Tc

Manganese

Pm

Np

Neptunium

93

Promethium

61

76

Osmium

190

Os

Ruthenium

44

101

Ru

Iron

150

Sm

Iridium

Pu

Plutonium

94

Samarium

62

77

152

Eu

Platinum

Am

Americium

95

Europium

63

78

195

Pt

192

Ir

Palladium

46

106

Pd

Nickel

Rhodium

45

103

Rh

Cobalt

157

Gd

Gold

197

Au

Silver

96

Curium

Cm

Gadolinium

64

79

47

108

Ag

Copper

Bk

Terbium

159

Tb

Berkelium

97

65

80

Mercury

201

Hg

Cadmium

48

112

Cd

Zinc

162

Dy

Thallium

Tl

204

Indium

Cf

Californium

98

Es

Holmium

165

Ho

Lead

207

Pb

Tin

Einsteinium

99

67

82

50

119

Sn

115

In

Germanium

32

73

Ge

Si icon

28

Si

Carbon

Gallium

Dysprosium

66

81

49

31

14

12

IV

The vo ume of one mo e of any gas s 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

Thorium

232

Th

Cerium

140

Ce

Tantalum

73

41

93

Nb

Vanadium

Ga

70

48

Ti

Al

27

Boron

40

13

11

39

45

Hydrogen

Aluminium

Sc

III

Magnesium

Mg

24

Beryllium

12

Be

II

Sodium

Na

23

Lithium

Potassium

19

11

Li

Group

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the Elements

31

Nitrogen

122

Sb

Arsenic

167

Er

Fm

Fermium

Erbium

100

68

83

Bi

Bismuth

209

Antimony

51

33

75

As

Phosphorus

15

14

79

Se

Sulfur

32

Oxygen

101

Md

Thulium

169

Tm

Mendelevium

69

84

Polonium

Po

Tellurium

52

128

Te

Selenium

34

16

16

VI

173

Yb

At

Astatine

Iodine

127

Bromine

80

Br

Chlorine

Cl

35.5

Fluorine

No

102

Nobelium

Ytterbium

70

85

53

35

17

19

VII

Lr

Lawrencium

Lutetium

175

Lu

Rn

Radon

Xenon

131

Xe

Krypton

84

Kr

Argon

40

Ar

Neon

20

Ne

Helium

103

71

86

54

36

18

10

He

12

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