Ballet History 20th Century

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Ballet History

Late 19th & 20th Century:


Classical Era
Russia, Ballet Russes & United
States

Russia
19th Century
During the mid 19th Century Ballet soared
in Russia and new choreographers and
composers took it to new heights with The
Nutcracker, The Sleeping Beauty and
Swan Lake.
The main purpose was to display classical
technique: pointe work, high extensions,
precision of movement and turn-out to the
fullest.
Complicated sequences that show off
demanding steps, leaps and turns were
choreographed into the story.

Russia
19th Century
The classical tutu, much shorter and stiffer
than the romantic tutu, was introduced at
this time to reveal a ballerinas legs and the
difficulty of her movements and footwork.
These classical ballets always included a
pas de deux for the male and female lead,
followed by a difficult solo for each of them
and a coda (a quick short finale).
Maurice Petipa was one of the most
prominent choreographer of the late 19th
century and is known as the father of
classical ballet.

Ballet Russes
At the end of the 19th Century (1800s) Ballet was
very strong in Russia and many of the famous
classical ballets came from Russian Ballet
masters.
Serge Diaghilev, a patron of the arts, brought
Ballet full circle back to Paris in the beginning of
the 20th century (1909) when he began the Ballet
Russes consisting of Russian dancers in exile after
the Revolution.
Diaghilev paired with composer Igor Stravinsky
and choreographers Michel Fokine, Vaslav
Nijinsky, Enrico Checchetti and George
Balanchine to create famous ballets such as, The
Firebird, Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.

Russian Ballet
Vaganova
Approaching the mid 20th Century (1900s)
Ballet in Russia continued to develop under
Soviet Rule.
By the 1930s new dancers and choreographers
began to appear on the scene.
Precision and technical perfection was
demanded by by Agrippina Vaganova, who had
been taught by Petipa and Cecchetti and
headed the Vaganova Ballet Academy.
The Vaganova Ballet Academy was a
prestigious ballet school that trained dancers
for Kirov Ballet in St. Petersburg/Leningrad.
The Vaganova Technique is still taught today.

Russia
Kirov Ballet
In 1934 the former Mariinsky Ballet was
renamed the Kirov Ballet.
The Kirov Ballet is still recognized as one of
the greatest ballet companies.
Some of the greatest dancers and
choreographers emerged from the Kirov
Ballet, such as, Mikhail Fokine, Anna Pavlova,
Vaslav Nijinsky, Tamara Karsavina, Natalia
Makarova, Rudolf Nureyev, and Mikhail
Baryshnikov.
After leaving the Kirov Ballet Rudolf Nureyev
began a legendary partnership with famous
ballerina Margot Fonteyn.

Names to Remember

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