Chapter 09 Homework
Chapter 09 Homework
Chapter 09 Homework
Chapter 9 Homework
Chapter 9 Homework
Due: 10:00pm on Wednesday, April 9, 2014
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
Exercise 9.1
Part A
What angle in radians is subtended by an arc of 1.56m in length on the circumference of a circle of radius 2.56m ?
ANSWER:
= 0.609
rad
Correct
Part B
What is this angle in degrees?
ANSWER:
= 34.9
Correct
Part C
An arc of length 14.2cm on the circumference of a circle subtends an angle of 124 . What is the radius of the
circle?
ANSWER:
r
= 6.56
cm
Correct
Part D
The angle between two radii of a circle with radius 1.47m is 0.660rad . What length of arc is intercepted on the
circumference of the circle by the two radii?
ANSWER:
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Chapter 9 Homework
= 0.970
Correct
Part A
(t)
^
j
(t)
the figure.
Hint 1. x coordinate
What is the x coordinate of the particle?
Your answer should be in terms of R and
(t)
ANSWER:
x
Rcos((t))
Hint 2. y coordinate
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Chapter 9 Homework
(t)
ANSWER:
y
Rsin((t))
ANSWER:
r (t)
^
^
Rcos((t)) i + Rsin((t))j
Correct
Uniform Circular Motion
A frequently encountered kind of circular motion is uniform circular motion, where (t) changes at a constant rate . In
other words,
=
Usually,
d(t)
dt
(t = 0) = 0
Part B
For uniform circular motion, find (t) at an arbitrary time t.
Give your answer in terms of and t.
ANSWER:
(t)
Correct
Part C
What does
r (t)
become now?
^
, t, and unit vectors ^
i and j .
ANSWER:
r (t)
Rcos(t)^
i + Rsin(t)^
j
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Chapter 9 Homework
Correct
Part D
Find r , a position vector at time t
= 0
Hint 1. Finding
Simply plug t
= 0
ANSWER:
r
^
Ri
Correct
Part E
Determine an expression for the position vector of a particle that starts on the positive y axis at
, (x0 , y 0 ) = (0, R) ) and subsequently moves with constant .
Express your answer in terms of R,
t = 0
(i.e., at
t = 0
^
, t, and unit vectors ^
i and j .
x = R cos((t))
and y
= R sin((t))
(3/4)
or
(1/4)
ANSWER:
= 1.57
ANSWER:
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Chapter 9 Homework
ryaxis (t)
^
^
Rcos(t + 1.57) i + Rsin(t + 1.57)j
Correct
From this excersice you have learned that even though the motion takes place in the plane there is only one
degree of freedom, angle , and that changing the initial coordinates introduces a phase angle in the equation.
Pushing a Merry-Go-Round
A child is pushing a playground merry-go-round. The angle through which the merry-go-round has turned varies with time
according to (t) = t + t3 , where = 0.400 rad/s and = 0.0120 rad/s3 .
Part A
Calculate the angular velocity of the merry-go-round as a function of time.
Express your answer in radians per second in terms of ,
, and t.
+ 3t
rad/sec
Correct
Part B
What is the initial value 0 of the angular velocity?
Express your answer in radians per second.
ANSWER:
0
= 0.4
rad/s
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Chapter 9 Homework
Correct
Part C
Calculate the instantaneous value of the angular velocity
(t)
at time t
= 5.00 s
= 1.3
rad/s
Correct
Part D
Calculate the average angular velocity
av
t = 0
to t
= 5.00
seconds.
ANSWER:
av
= 0.7
rad/s
Correct
Part A
What is the magnitude of the angular acceleration of the salad spinner as it slows down?
Express your answer numerically in radians per second per second.
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Chapter 9 Homework
Hint 2. Find the angular velocity of the salad spinner while Dario is spinning it
What is the angular velocity of the salad spinner as Dario is spinning it?
Express your answer numerically in radians per second.
ANSWER:
0
= 25.1
radians/s
Hint 3. Find the angular distance the salad spinner travels as it comes to rest
Through how many radians
= 0
ANSWER:
= 37.7
radians
1
2
= 0 + t
2
0
+ 2( 0 )
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ANSWER:
= 8.38
radians/s
Correct
Part B
How long does it take for the salad spinner to come to rest?
Express your answer numerically in seconds.
= 0 + 0 t +
1
2
= 0 + t
= 0 + 2( 0 )
ANSWER:
t
= 3.00
Correct
Marching Band
A marching band consists of rows of musicians walking in straight, even lines. When a marching band performs in an
event, such as a parade, and must round a curve in the road, the musician on the outside of the curve must walk around
the curve in the same amount of time as the musician on the inside of the curve. This motion can be approximated by a
disk rotating at a constant rate about an axis perpendicular to its plane. In this case, the axis of rotation is at the inside
of the curve.
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Chapter 9 Homework
Consider two musicians, Alf and Beth. Beth is four times the distance from the inside of the curve as Alf.
Part A
If Beth travels a distance s during time t, how far does Alf travel during the same amount of time?
, where is given by
ANSWER:
4
2
1
2
1
4
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Chapter 9 Homework
Use this formula to compare the lengths of the arcs that Alf and Beth trace out during equal time intervals.
ANSWER:
4s
2s
1
2
1
4
s
s
Correct
The musician on the outside of the curve must travel farther than the musician on the inside of the curve in
order to maintain the marching band's straight, even rows.
Part B
If Alf moves with speed v, what is Beth's speed? Speed in this case means the magnitude of the linear velocity, not
the magnitude of the angular velocity.
ANSWER:
4v
v
1
4
Correct
The musician on the outside of the curve must travel faster than the musician on the inside of the curve. This is
why most of the musicians on the outside of a curve appear to be jogging while their colleagues on the inside
of the curve march in place.
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Chapter 9 Homework
these equations fundamentally involve position (the angle of the wheel at a particular distance down the road), it is
usually the relationship of velocities and accelerations that are relevant in solving a problem involving such constraints.
The velocities are needed in the conservation equations for momentum and angular momentum, and the accelerations
are needed for the dynamical equations.
It is important to use the standard sign conventions: positive for counterclockwise rotation and positive for motion toward
the right. Otherwise, your dynamical equations will have to be modified. Unfortunately, a frequent result will be the
appearance of negative signs in the constraint equations.
Consider a measuring tape unwinding from a drum of radius r.
The center of the drum is not moving; the tape unwinds as its
free end is pulled away from the drum. Neglect the thickness
of the tape, so that the radius of the drum can be assumed
not to change as the tape unwinds. In this case, the standard
conventions for the angular velocity and for the
(translational) velocity v of the end of the tape result in a
constraint equation with a positive sign (e.g., if v > 0, that is,
the tape is unwinding, then > 0 also).
Part A
Assume that the function x(t) represents the length of tape that has unwound as a function of time. Find (t), the
angle through which the drum will have rotated, as a function of time.
Express your answer (in radians) in terms of x(t) and any other given quantities.
Hint 1. Find the amount of tape that unrolls in one complete revolution of the drum
If the measuring tape unwinds one complete revolution (
= 2
x2
ANSWER:
x2
2r
ANSWER:
(t)
x(t)
radians
Correct
Part B
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Chapter 9 Homework
The tape is now wound back into the drum at angular rate (t). With what velocity will the end of the tape move?
(Note that our drawing specifies that a positive derivative of x(t) implies motion away from the drum. Be careful with
your signs! The fact that the tape is being wound back into the drum implies that
tape to move closer to the drum, it must be the case that
(t) < 0
v(t) < 0
Answer in terms of (t) and other given quantities from the problem introduction.
dx(t)
dt
= v(t).
v(t)
r
ANSWER:
v(t)
r(t)
Correct
Part C
Since r is a positive quanitity, the answer you just obtained implies that
v(t)
. If the tape is unwinding, both quanitites will be positive. If the tape is being wound back up, both quantities
(t)
will be negative. Now find a(t), the linear acceleration of the end of the tape.
Express your answer in terms of (t), the angular acceleration of the drum: (t) =
d(t)
dt
ANSWER:
a(t)
r(t)
Correct
Part D
Perhaps the trickiest aspect of working with constraint equations for rotational motion is determining the correct
sign for the kinematic quantities. Consider a tire of radius r rolling to the right, without slipping, with constant x
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Chapter 9 Homework
velocity
vx
ANSWER:
vx
r
Correct
This is an example of the appearance of negative signs in constraint equations--a tire rolling in the positive
direction translationally exhibits negative angular velocity, since rotation is clockwise.
Part E
Assume now that the angular velocity of the tire, which continues to roll without slipping, is not constant, but rather
that the tire accelerates with constant angular acceleration . Find ax , the linear acceleration of the tire.
Express your answer in terms of and r.
ANSWER:
ax
Correct
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Chapter 9 Homework
Part A
Which child moves with greater magnitude of velocity?
Correct
Part B
Who moves with greater magnitude of angular velocity?
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Chapter 9 Homework
Correct
Part C
Who moves with greater magnitude of tangential acceleration?
ANSWER:
Ana has the greater magnitude of tangential acceleration.
Bobby has the greater magnitude of tangential acceleration.
Both Ana and Bobby have the same magnitude of tangential acceleration.
Correct
Both Ana and Bobby are maintaining a constant speed, so they both have a tangential acceleration of zero
(thus they are equal)!
Part D
Who has the greater magnitude of centripetal acceleration?
m/
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Chapter 9 Homework
Both tangential and centripetal accelerations have units of m/s2 , since they are the two-dimensional
components of linear acceleration. Angular acceleration, on the other hand, is a measure of the change in
Anas angular velocity. If his rate of rotation is changing, he will have a nonzero angular acceleration. Thus,
angular acceleration has units of rad/s2 .
ANSWER:
Ana has the greater magnitude of centripetal acceleration.
Bobby has the greater magnitude of centripetal acceleration.
Both Ana and Bobby have the same magnitude of centripetal acceleration.
Correct
Part E
Who moves with greater magnitude of angular acceleration?
ANSWER:
Ana has the greater magnitude of angular acceleration.
Bobby has the greater magnitude of angular acceleration.
Both Ana and Bobby have the same magnitude of angular acceleration.
Correct
Both Ana and Bobby are maintaining a constant angular velocity, so they both have an angular acceleration of
zero (thus they are equal)!
Exercise 9.20
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Chapter 9 Homework
A compact disc (CD) stores music in a coded pattern of tiny pits 107 m deep. The pits are arranged in a track that
spirals outward toward the rim of the disc; the inner and outer radii of this spiral are 25.0 mm and 58.0 mm,
respectively. As the disc spins inside a CD player, the track is scanned at a constant linear speed of 1.25 m/s.
Part A
What is the angular speed of the CD when scanning the innermost part of the track?
ANSWER:
= 50.0
rad/s
Correct
Part B
What is the angular speed of the CD when scanning the outermost part of the track?
ANSWER:
= 21.6
rad/s
Correct
Part C
The maximum playing time of a CD is 74.0 min. What would be the length of the track on such a maximumduration CD if it were stretched out in a straight line?
ANSWER:
L
= 5.55
km
Correct
Part D
What is the average angular acceleration of a maximum-duration CD during its 74.0-min playing time? Take the
direction of rotation of the disc to be positive.
ANSWER:
av
= 6.41103
rad/s
Correct
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Chapter 9 Homework
Exercise 9.26
Part A
Derive an equation for the radial acceleration that includes
ANSWER:
arad
Correct
Part B
You are designing a merry-go-round for which a point on the rim will have a radial acceleration of 0.500 m/s2 when
the tangential velocity of that point has magnitude 2.00 m/s. What angular velocity is required to achieve these
values?
ANSWER:
= 0.250
rad/s
Correct
Part A
Consider the case that the string tied to the block is attached to the outside of the wheel, at a radius
rA
. Find A , the angular speed of the wheel after the block has fallen a distance h, for this case.
Express A in terms of m, g,
h rA
, and I .
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Ebf
is the final energy of the block and Ewf is the final energy
of the wheel.
mgh
ANSWER:
vf
rA A
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ANSWER:
E bf
1
2
m ( r A A )
ANSWER:
E wf
1
2
I A
ANSWER:
2mgh
mrA 2 +I
Correct
Part B
Now consider the case that the string tied to the block is wrapped around a smaller inside axle of the wheel of
radius rB . Find B , the angular speed of the wheel after
the block has fallen a distance h, for this case.
Express B in terms of m, g,
h rB
, and I .
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Chapter 9 Homework
ANSWER:
2mgh
mrB 2 +I
Correct
Part C
Which of the following describes the relationship between A and B ?
ANSWER:
A > B
B > A
A = B
Correct
This is related to why gears are found on the inside rather than the outside of a wheel.
Exercise 9.30
Four small spheres, each of which you can regard as a point of mass 0.200 kg, are arranged in a square 0.400 m on a
side and connected by light rods .
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Chapter 9 Homework
Part A
Find the moment of inertia of the system about an axis through the center of the square, perpendicular to its plane
(an axis through point O in the figure).
ANSWER:
I
= 6.40102
kg m
Correct
Part B
Find the moment of inertia of the system about an axis bisecting two opposite sides of the square (an axis along
the line AB in the figure).
ANSWER:
I
= 3.20102
kg m
Correct
Part C
Find the moment of inertia of the system about an axis that passes through the centers of the upper left and lower
right spheres and through point O.
ANSWER:
I
= 3.20102
kg m
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Chapter 9 Homework
Correct
Exercise 9.31
Calculate the moment of inertia of each of the following uniform objects about the axes indicated. Consult Table
Moments of Inertia of Various Bodies in the Textbook as needed.
Part A
A thin 2.50-kg rod of length 90.0cm , about an axis perpendicular to it and passing through one end.
ANSWER:
I
= 0.675
kg m
Correct
Part B
A thin 2.50-kg rod of length 90.0cm , about an axis perpendicular to it and passing through its center.
ANSWER:
I
= 0.169
kg m
Correct
Part C
A thin 2.50-kg rod of length 90.0cm , about an axis parallel to the rod and passing through it.
ANSWER:
I
= 0
kg m
Correct
Part D
A 4.50-kg sphere 30.0cm in diameter, about an axis through its center, if the sphere is solid.
ANSWER:
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Chapter 9 Homework
= 4.05102
kg m
Correct
Part E
A 4.50-kg sphere 30.0cm in diameter, about an axis through its center, if the sphere is a thin-walled hollow shell.
ANSWER:
I
= 6.75102
kg m
Correct
Part F
An 7.50-kg cylinder, of length 14.0cm and diameter 10.0cm , about the central axis of the cylinder, if the cylinder
is thin-walled and hollow.
ANSWER:
I
= 1.88102
kg m
Correct
Part G
An 7.50-kg cylinder, of length 14.0cm and diameter 10.0cm , about the central axis of the cylinder, if the cylinder
is solid.
ANSWER:
I
= 9.38103
kg m
Correct
Exercise 9.35
A wagon wheel is constructed as shown in the figure . The radius of the wheel is 0.300 m, and the rim has mass 1.45
kg . Each of the eight spokes, that lie along a diameter and are 0.300 m long, has mass 0.200kg .
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Chapter 9 Homework
Part A
What is the moment of inertia of the wheel about an axis through its center and perpendicular to the plane of the
wheel?
ANSWER:
I
= 0.179
kg m
Correct
Exercise 9.44
A light, flexible rope is wrapped several times around a hollow cylinder with a weight of 40.0 N and a radius of 0.25 m,
that rotates without friction about a fixed horizontal axis. The cylinder is attached to the axle by spokes of a negligible
moment of inertia. The cylinder is initially at rest. The free end of the rope is pulled with a constant force P for a distance
of 5.00 m, at which point the end of the rope is moving at 6.00 m/s.
Part A
If the rope does not slip on the cylinder, what is the value of P?
ANSWER:
P
= 14.7
Correct
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Chapter 9 Homework
The parallel axis theorem relates Icm , the moment of inertia of an object about an axis passing through its center of
mass, to Ip , the moment of inertia of the same object about a parallel axis passing through point p. The mathematical
2
statement of the theorem is Ip = Icm + M d , where d is the perpendicular distance from the center of mass to the
axis that passes through point p, and M is the mass of the object.
Part A
Suppose a uniform slender rod has length L and mass
that is perpendicular to the rod and that passes through its center of mass is given by
Iend
I cm =
1
12
mL
. Find
, the moment of inertia of the rod with respect to a parallel axis through one end of the rod.
Hint 1. Find the distance from the axis to the center of mass
Find the distance d appropriate to this problem. That is, find the perpendicular distance from the center of
mass of the rod to the axis passing through one end of the rod.
ANSWER:
d
L
2
ANSWER:
Iend
mL
Correct
Part B
Now consider a cube of mass
with edges of length a. The moment of inertia Icm of the cube about an axis
through its center of mass and perpendicular to one of its faces is given by
I cm =
1
6
ma
moment of inertia about an axis p through one of the edges of the cube
Express Iedge in terms of m and a. Use fractions rather than decimal numbers in your answer.
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Chapter 9 Homework
axis to the
axis
Find the perpendicular distance d from the center of mass axis to the new edge axis (axis labeled p in the
figure).
ANSWER:
d
a
2
ANSWER:
Iedge
2ma
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 99.8%.
You received 14.97 out of a possible total of 15 points.
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