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    Renal Stone

    Uploaded by

    madhu
    This document discusses kidney stones (nephrolithiasis or renal calculi). It notes that about 70% of stones are calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. 15-20% are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) stones caused by urea-splitting bacteria. 5-10% are uric acid stones and 1-2% are cystine stones. Risk factors for different stone types include hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria. Stone formation occurs when constituents in urine become supersaturated, urine volume decreases, pH changes, or bacteria are present. A loss of inhibitors that prevent crystal formation can also promote stone development.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Renal Stone

    Uploaded by

    madhu
    42 views8 pages
    This document discusses kidney stones (nephrolithiasis or renal calculi). It notes that about 70% of stones are calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. 15-20% are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) stones caused by urea-splitting bacteria. 5-10% are uric acid stones and 1-2% are cystine stones. Risk factors for different stone types include hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria. Stone formation occurs when constituents in urine become supersaturated, urine volume decreases, pH changes, or bacteria are present. A loss of inhibitors that prevent crystal formation can also promote stone development.

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    renal stones

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    This document discusses kidney stones (nephrolithiasis or renal calculi). It notes that about 70% of stones are calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. 15-20% are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) stones caused by urea-splitting bacteria. 5-10% are uric acid stones and 1-2% are cystine stones. Risk factors for different stone types include hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria. Stone formation occurs when constituents in urine become supersaturated, urine volume decreases, pH changes, or bacteria are present. A loss of inhibitors that prevent crystal formation can also promote stone development.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    42 views8 pages

    Renal Stone

    Uploaded by

    madhu
    This document discusses kidney stones (nephrolithiasis or renal calculi). It notes that about 70% of stones are calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate. 15-20% are struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) stones caused by urea-splitting bacteria. 5-10% are uric acid stones and 1-2% are cystine stones. Risk factors for different stone types include hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria. Stone formation occurs when constituents in urine become supersaturated, urine volume decreases, pH changes, or bacteria are present. A loss of inhibitors that prevent crystal formation can also promote stone development.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    THE KIDNEY_4

    BY DR.VENUGOPAL RAO
    L.S

    UROLITHIASIS
    (RENAL
    STONE,CALCULI)

    1.

    The calculi can arise at any level in the


    urinary tract, frequently causing clinical
    symptoms including obstruction ,
    and
    pain.
    Theyulceration,bleeding
    also predispose to renal
    infection
    There are 4 types of renal calculi and organic
    matrix of mucoprotein.
    About 70% of stones are calcium oxalate plus/
    minus calcium phosphate. The calcium
    containing stones are usually associated with
    hypercalcaemia/hypercalciuria,hyperoxaluria
    and hyperuricosuria are associated with
    others.

    2.About 15-20% are so called triple phosphate /


    struvitestones composed of magnesium ammonium
    phosphate.it is due to urea splitting bacteria that
    convert urea to ammonia
    3.5-10% are uric acid stones
    4. 1-2% are made up of cystine.

    Types of stones

    1.
    2.
    3.

    Calcium oxalate and


    phosphate
    Idiopathic
    hypercalciuria(50%)
    Hypercalciuria and
    hypercalcaemia(10%)
    Hyperoxaluria(5%)
    Magnesium ammonium
    phosphate(struvite)
    Uric acid
    cystine

    percentage
    70%

    15-20%
    5-10%
    1-2%

    pathogenesis
    Increase

    concentration of some
    constituents, changes in urinary
    PH,decreased urine volume and bacteria
    all play a role in stone formation.
    The loss of inhibitors of crystal
    formation(eg;citrate,pyrophosphate,glycos
    aminoglycans,osteopontin and an alpha
    glycoprotein called nephrocalcin) may play
    a pathogenic role in such cases.

    nephrolithiasis

    DISEASES OF RENAL BLOOD


    VESSELS

    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.

    These include
    Benign nephrosclerosis
    Malignant nephrosclerosis
    Renal artery stenosis
    Thrombotic microangiopathies
    Atheroembolic renal diseases
    Renal infarcts

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