1.

Tf ksji boslsu i|yd Wmfoia

ksoyfia ;u cS;h .; lsu i|yd ;uka i;= ksjila ;su b;du;a wjYHh' h h wmyiq;d
ksid ;u wjYH;djhkag wkqj ksjila boslr .ekSu ;rula wmyiq ldhhls' ksjila boslsu
i|yd bvula <oS .ekSf wmyiqj" bvf m%udKh" bvf iajNdjh" bosls ldhhka i|yd
we;s oekqu" mqyqKq Y%l ys`.lu wdoS lreKqj,g wu;rj jeh l< yels uqo,a m%udKho f i|yd
m%Odk jYfhka n,mdkq we;'
ksjila boslsf oS my; i|yka lreKq ms<n
s |j wjfndaOhla ;sh hq;=h'
1. iqiq ia:dkhl bosls lghq;= i|yd iqiq bvula f;dard .ekSu'
2. ;ud i;= fyda wf;a we;s uqo,g <oS .kakd bvu bosls lghq;= i|yd iqiq f,i ms<f
s h,
lr .ekSu'
3. bvug .e,fmk ie,eiaula iqiq wfhl= ,jd ilia lr .ekSu'
4. ksjfia w;a;sjdru
5. ;a;s ne|Su
6. uy,a ksjila k fldkal%S lKq ;,do iy ;gq oeu'
7. ksjfia jy,h" is,su" jnq iy jeis c, k, iEoSu'
8. fodr cfk,a rduq iy fodr cfk,a m
9. f.u ilia lr .ekSu'
10. jeisls,"s kdk ldur" jeis c, ldKq boslsu
11. w,xldrh iy wjg mirh ilid .ekSu
1.1

bvula f;aug m%fYhla

01. fN!;sl yd mdil idOl uiSu

osYdkq.; lsu - ksji W;=re ol=Kq osYdjg uqyqK,d boslsu fhda.H f'

j;%dYh iys; oel=l mirhla u'

Wi l=Kq" w fjda,
a h ,s /yeka bvu iSudf fkd;sh hq;=h'

wjg mirhg idfmalaIj ;u bvu my;a ula fkdh hq;=h'

k, ksl=;a lrk ludka;Yd,d" .,a jevm,j,a" wmsis c,dY wdY%s; bv fkd.;

hq;=h'

bvug msiSu iy .ukd.uk myiqj ie,lsh hq;=h'

02. wdrlaIl l,dmj,g wh;a N+hla o hkak uish hq;=h'

fjr< ixrlaIK l,dm

jk ixrlaIK l,dm

mqrdoHd iy ixialD;sl l,dm

my; f.dvlsf l,dm

1

.x.d ksk ixjOk l,dm

kdhhE wdY%s; l,dm

os fLd iy fhdacs; ixjOk ie,iqj,g wdod< l,dm

03. bvf iajNdjh .ek

bvf yevh
yevh wu;a o ;%sfldaKdldr o hkak uish hq;=h'

w;a;sjdr

1.2

bosls jHqyhl Ndrh fmd<j u;g nerlsu i|yd jk jHqyh w;a;sjdru f,i ye|skf
a '
;ks ;gqf fyda ;gq foll idudkH ksjila idudkH mil boslrk g wjYH jkafka fkd.eUqre
w;a;sjdruls'
fuu ksudK"
01. N+fha msys iajNdl mdxY=uh ;;ajhg .e,fmk whqre bosl< yelsh'
02. ia:dkfha mfiys nr oe Yla;sh jOkh lr Bg .e,fmk f,i f.dvke.s,,
a bosl<
yelsh'

mfiys bis,Sf Yla;sh jOkh lr.; yels l%u

1.3
01.

I.

mia ;gq f,i w;=rd hka;% u.ska ;e,Sfuka ( Compacting)

II.

isfuka;s$yqKq Nd;fhka ridhksl ia:dhS.; lsu ( Soil Stabilization)

III.

iaj jr msru mS; fldkal%S oSfuka ^ fYaIs; ia:dk i|yd&

02. l,a ;nd nr fhoSu'

03. kqiqiq mia bj;alr iqiq miska ia:r f,i ;,ka msru'

1.4

mi

N+fha miaj, ;;ajh mlaIdlr.ekSu m%k wdh;khla u.ska lr.ekSu iqiqh'

mslaiS jr (Trial Pits) u.ska mfiys ;;ajh wOHhkh l< yelsh' mfiys mdxY=uh ;;ajh" O
;gqj, msy
s u" N+.; ugu fuu l%ufhka ykd.; yelsh'

01. iqiq mi

02. idudkH iqiq mi

03. kqiqiq mi

I.

uD mdIdK

II.

;o lfndla mi

III.

fndr mi

IV.

je,s ue

I.

nqre,a ue je,s iys;

II.

ishq je,s iys;

I.

f.dfydre uv iys; mi
fuu ia:dk fYaIs; je oshqKq lsf l%u u.ska bosls
i|yd Nd;d l< yelsh'

04. mqrjk ,o mi -

1.5

mqrjk ,o l%uh fidhdn,d wjYH mshjrhka .; hq;=h'

O w;a;sjdr

tla tla wdldrfha mi i|yd iqiq w;a;sjdr j. my; olajd we;'

1.5.1

fyd| mila iys; N+hlg iqiq w;a;sjdrula

rEmh 1'1
ilal .,a w;a;sjdru" f;;a jeh iy lD Wjre uev,S jeh iu. fyd| mila i|yd
iqiqh'
3

1.5.2

je,s iys; ue N+hlg iqiq w;a;sjdrula

ilal .,a w;a;sjdru lhsre ;,do iys; (Plinth Beam), fuu ;,do mfiys .s,d neiS ksid we;sjk
msmsj,g Tfrd;a;= fohs' jeis ld,fhaoS m%idrKh jk mia iys; m%foaYj,g o fuh iqiqh'

rEmh 1'2
1.5.3

j, mia iys; N+hlg iqiq yrjk ,o T yevh iys; hlv jer .ekajQ fldkal%S
w;a;sjdrula

rEmh 1'3
fiys ;;ajh t;r fyd| ;;ajhl fkdue;s k fuu l%uh fhdod.; yel' hou wlh'

1.5.4

b;d j, mila i|yd fh w;a;sjdrula

rEmh 1'4
fuys m;=, ugf jer .ekajQ fldkal%S ;Srejla we;s w;r f;;a jeh ugfoS lhsre ;,d|hla
we;' ;jo h h ia:rhkays fldkal%S lKq u.ska fuu fldgia fol inkaO lr.kq ,ef'

;a;s boslsu

1.6

idudkHfhka ksjdihkays ;a;s boslsu k;r lrkq ,nkafka .fvd,a fhdod .ksks' j;udkfha
bxcsfkare ^.fvd,a fjkqjg& 8" 6" 4" m%udKfha .fvd,ao fjk;a O m%udKfha f,dla.,ao
fhdod.kq ,ef'
;a;s boslsfoS id:lj Yla;su;aj tu ;a;s boslsu i|yd my; i|yka lreKq ms<smeosh
hq;=h'
01. idudkH ksjil ;a;s" jy,fha nr ;a;sj,g oeug yels wdldrhg Yla;su;aj ksh;
>klka bosl< hq;=h' fjka lsu i|yd fhdok ;a;s wvq >klulska bosl< yel'
02. ;a;s boslsfoS fhdod.kakd nodu ksh; wkqmd;hg Y% lr.; hq;=h'
03. .fvd,a j;=f .s,ajd .; hq;=h'
fuu.ska j, ;;ajfha .fvd,a ykd .; yels w;r" .fvd,aj, we;s ,s wdosh o bj;a
hhs'
04. nodu ;gqj, >klu 10mm-12mm w;r h hq;=h' f i|yd wxlkh lrk ,o ,S oKavla
md lr bosls lghq;= l< yel'
05. ;a;s isria h hq;=h' ,Uhla Nd;d lsu wksjdhh'
06. ;sria tlu ugul h hq;=h' f,j,hla Nd;fhka fuh l< hq;=h'
5

07. we;sug miq kej; kej; nqre,a lsu wdosh fkdl< hq;=h'
08. .fvd,a lE,s Nd;h wju l< hq;=h'
09. ksh; mos .fvd,a nef|k wdldrhg ilid .; hq;=h'
g wu;rj .fvd,a fyd| j.fha tajd h hq;= w;r" tu .fvd,a yev fjkia fkd ;sh hq;=h'
uy,a ksjil .fvd,a ne u; fldkal%s ;gqf Ndrh fhdod (Load bearing walls) boslsu
lrkafka k nr wkqj tu ;a;sj, >klu ;SrKh lr.; hq;=h' ;a;s i|yd isfuka;s f,dla
.,a fhdod .kafkak tajd ksh; m%;shg wkqj idod.;a tajd h hq;= w;r" tu ;a;s fldkal%S
lKq fhdod boslrk ksjil lKq w;r ;a;s ne|Su i|yd fhdod.; yel'

1.7

fodr cfk,a

ksjil fodr cfk,a msyg

s qfoS ksjig jd;dY%h ,efnk wdldrhg tajd ms<sfh, lr.; hq;=h'
WKqiq jd;h ksjiska msgj hk f,i;a ksjig w,xldrh ,efnk f,i;a tajd ms<sfh, l< hq;=h'
mdrml wm ksfjia i|yd fodr cfk,a rduq iy mshka oejfhka idod .;a w;r woo oej
fhdod.ekSu nyq,j olakg ,ef' fuu rduq iEoSu i|yd fyd| iqiq oej j. f;dard.; hq;=h'
j;udkfha wdkhksl oej f i|yd fhdod .kq ,nk w;r" oeka fldkal%S rduq" mSiS" weksh
j,sko
a rduq idod .kS' nyq,j weksh rduq iy m ldhd, iy fj<| f.dvke.s,s i|yd
Nd;d lrhs'

1.8

jy,h" is,su iy jnqj

jy, ksudKh w,xldr f,i iq<`.g Tfrd;a;= fok f,i ilid .; hq;=h' O j.fha ksfjia
i|yd oej rduq fhdod W" weianeiagia" iskl
a a$weksh ;yvq wdosh u.ska wdjrKh lr.kq
,ef'
oej rduqj i|yd iqiq j.fha oej md l< hq;=h' brE oej ys`.lu ksid oeka wdkhksl oej
nyq,j md lrkq ,ef' m%;sfhka Wiia oej j. f;dard.eksu wjYH jk w;r is,su o jy,
rduqjg ilr .ekSu l< yel' is,su i|yd oeka weksh rduq iy O j.fha IS fhdod.kq
,ef' fhka" lD i;=kf
a .ka jk ydksh wju lr .ekSu i|yd oej wdrlaIK wdf,amk wdf,am
l< hq;=h' mrd, hg ,S i|yd fmd,a ,S o nyq,j md lrkq ,ef' w,xldrh iy f;;ukh
f.;=,g tau je<elaug;a i;=ka we;=,a u je,elaug;a jnq iy w.= is,su fhdod.kq ,ef'

1.9

,s mm: iy /yeka weoSu

ksjil ,s mm: inkaO lghq;= iqiq ,s ldlfhl= u.ska ie,iqfldg ksY

a ;
ie,iqulg wkqj ilid .; hq;=h' md lrk lrk jH ksh; m%;shlg wkqj ksIamdokh l<
tajd h hq;= w;r ksoksl tajd h hq;=h' jh .uka lrk fldkahq ng lmrdre lsug l,ska
;a;s ;=,g we;=,a lr jid .ekSu iqiqh'

1.10

;a;s lmrdrej

yqKq" isfuka;s" je,s ksh; wkqmd;hg 1(1(5 Y% lr.;a noduhka 12mm-16mm w;r >klulska
;a;s lmrdre lr .; yel' we;=,; ;a;s yqKq fld,mq fhdod isk
s lr.; hq;= w;r msg; ;a;s
rjg fyda ;udg wjYH k isk
s jg o ksu lr .eksug mqjk'
olaI fikajreka fhdod w,xldrj;a f,i isriaj yd ;sriaj ksjerosj lmrdre lr .ekSfuka
w,xldr f,i ksu lr .ekSug mqjk' fuu fldgi msg;g fmfkk wjidk ksudj neka ish,a,
ie,ls,a,g f.k jev l< hq;= jkafkah' yqKq nodu fjkqjg wdfoaYl j. rdYshlao we;' yqKq
fjkqjg ridhksl jH je,s iu. Y% lr lmrdre lr .kq ,ef'
1.11

fmd<j ksudj

fyd|ska ;,d h<s mia mqrjd .kakd ,o fmd<j u; .fvd,a w;=rd isfuka;s oeu lrkq ,ef'
.fvd,a we;su fjkqjg ord.ekSf Yla;sh je fldkal%S ;gqjla idod .; yel' msis;djh
iy jvd;a w,xldrh i|yd fldkal%S ;gqj u; firla ghs,a we,a,u
S j;udkfha nyq,j lrkq
,ef' iuyr wjia:djkaj, oej j.j,ska idok ,o mfk,a fhdod u ksud lr.kq ,ef' fuysoS
fhka jeks lDkaf.ka iy f;;ukfhka jk ydks i|yd ms<h
s fhdod.; hq;=h'

1.12

kdk ldur" jeisls<s iy jeis c, ldKq

ksis m%;shg wkqj os. m<,ska hq;a" ksjfiys iqiq ia:dkj, fjd bosl< hq;=h' f;;ukh ldka
fkdjk mos c, k, iy c,dmjyk k, ud. ilia lr .ekSu wjYH jk w;r w,xlrKh
i|yd fjd ;a;s ;=,g ldjeoaou
S

iqiqh' msis nj /l.ekSu i|yd;a f,fyisfhka msis

lr.ekSu i|yd;a ;a;sj,g iy fmd<jg ghs,a w,a,d .ekSu lrkq ,ef' ksjiska msg; w;a;sjdru
;=,g jeiafika c,h .,d hdu je,elau i|yd;a jy,fha c,h .,dhdu i|yd;a jeysmS,"s vjqka
mhsmm
a iy ldKq fhdod.kq ,ef' w.=j w 3-0 muK m<,g .,a w;=rd .ekSu iqiqh' jeisls<s
j,j,a iqiq mos <sx wdoshg ndOd fkdjk f,i msysgj
q d .; hq;=h'

1.13

msk;
a dre lsu" ksji we;=,; iy msg; N+h w,xlrKh

ksh; ixl,khlg wkqj .Dy ksudK Ys,m

a S Wmfoia j,g wkqj we;=,; iy msg; ;a;s
msk;
a dre lr.ekSu iqiqh' fodr fros" cfk,a fros wdosh o ksjfia wdf,dalh md,kh lsug yelsjk
whqre m%;shlg wkqj fhdod.; yel' ksji jgd N+h c,h /f|k fiao jeis c,h N+h ;=<
/f|k wdldrhg o jeis c,h N+hg uqodyeu iqiq jk w;r fuhska <sx j, c, ugu o
fkdfjkiaj mj;ajd .; yel'
1.14

f.dvke.s,s kv;a;= lsu

ksjeros f,i f.dvke.s,,

a la kv;a;= lsfuka tys cS; ld,h jejk w;r" Yd, w;ajehdjka
iy yosis wdmodjka j,lajd .; yel'
tf,i f.dvke.s,,
a la kv;a;= lsfuka th mirhg m%shukdm fmkqula ,ndfok w;r tys jdih
lsuo myiqh'
f.dvke.s,,
a la kv;a;= lsug wjYH jkafka wehs@

ieugu f.dvke.s,,
a fyd| ;;ajfha ;sh hq;= ksid

iq<s iq<x" c, .e,s" N+lmd" uy jeis jeks w;sYh iajNdl wdmodjkag Yla;s
imkakj Tfrd;a;= oSug wjYH jk ksidh'

f.dvke.s,,
a la kv;a;= lsfoS .;hq;= mshjr

fyd|ska mlaIdlr ne,Su

wvqmdvq fidhd n,d ksjeros lsu

wkd.;fhaoS tjeks wvqmdvq we;su je,elaug .; hq;= l%shdud. .ekSu'

f.dvke.s,,
a l fYaIfhka mlaId l< hq;= ia:dk

f.dvke.s,f
a ,ys jHqyh

jy,

we;=,; yd msg; ksudj

wNHka;r c, iy m,afodare moaO;sh

,s moaO;sh

1.15

f.dvke.s,af,ys jHqyh

f.dvke.s,f
a ,ys jHqyh hkq tys l=Kq" nd,al" nr Wiq,k ;a;s iy jyf,ys fldgia f'
jHqyfhys msm
s " b;e,S we;su wdosh f.dvke.s,,
a g ydkshla we;sh yels nj fmkak
q lrhs'

1.16

f.dvke.s,a,la ksis f,i mj;ajd .eksu i|yd my; i|yka foa isug
bv fkd;eh hq;=h'
1. jy,
jy, fi,s ;yvq% fi,s W lehdu" jeysm,
S s j,ska c,h ldka u" jeysm,
S s wjysr u"
fldkal%S jy,fhys c,h ldkau je,elaug lrk ,o ;Sk;
a wdf,amkj,g ydksu"
jnq ,E,s osrdhdu iy uqka W le hdu wdoshhs'
2. f.dvke.s,f
a ,ys ksudj
;a;s lmrdrefjys l=vd b;e,S" ;a;s fjkajk f,i msm
s " w;a;sjdrfuys msm
s "
wdf,am lrk ,o ;ska; .e, hdu" ;a;s lmrdrej le jeu" ;a;s lmrdrej u; mre
je ;su" ,S fldgiaj, wdf,am lrk ,o ;Sk;
a bj;au" ;a;s u; f;; me,a, we;su
iy fodr cfk,aj, hlv u< ne|Su wdosh'

1.17

u;= jQ wvqmdvq we;su je<elau i|yd l< hq;= foa"

w;ska w;ajehdjka lrkq fjkqjg f.dvke.s,,

a l u;=jg we;s h yels wvqmdvq l,a;shd
oekf.k thg ms<h
s fhosu b;d jeo.;ah' th m%Odk jYfhka my; i|yka mos fldgia 02 lg
fnosh yelsh'
1. f.dvke.s,f
a ,ys jHqyh iy tys ksudfjys u;=jg wvqmdvq isu je<elau'
2. f.dvke.s,,
a g inkaO" c, iemhq" m,afodare moaO;sh" ,s moaO;sh wdoS fiajdjkays
u;=jg wvqmdvq isu je,elau'
1.18

f.dvke.s,a,l jHqyh iy tys ksudfjys u;=jg wvqmdvq isu je<elau'

f.dvke.s,,
a mlaId lsfuka miq tys we;s wvqmdvq my; i|yka mos j. l< yelsh'

jydu ksjeros l< hq;= wvqmdvq

l<hq;= Yd, w;ajehd

jevigyklg wkqj lrf.k hkq ,nk kv;a;= jev

my; i|yka wvqmdvq jydu ksjeros l< hq;= f'

jy,fha jeysm,
S s fyda ;a;s ;=< ilrk ,o mhsmm
a j,ska c,h ldka u'

jy,h i|yd md lrk ,Sj, ;a;s we;=,;g ilr we;s ,S fldgia osrd hdu'

jer.ekajQ l iys; fldkal%S jHqyhkays fldkal%S lvd jeu iy ta fya;=fjka

ksrdjrKh jk jer .ekajQ lj, u< ne|Su'

hlv ldmamj, wdf,am;

s ;Sk;
a .e, hdfuka tu hlv u< neoSu'

f.dvke.s,f
a ,ys jHqyfha b;e,S" msm
s " weo wdosh we;su'

2. fldkalS% oefos ie,ls,su;a hhq;= lreKq

fhd .kakd wuqjH jk .,a" je,s iy c,h msisj ;sh hq;=h' ^m%Odk jYfhka ue" mia"
uv iy frdvq fkd;sh hq;=h&

fldkalS% oeug fmr Igka uqlal= wjYH f,i ;sfoehs md l, hq;=h'

ksjil fldkalS% mqjre (Slab) i|yd w 2 x 2 mr;rhg Igka uqlal= ;sh hq;=h'

fldkalS% oeu islrkafka l=uk ia:dkhlo hkak ms<n

s | wjfndaOhla ;sh hq;=h'
W(
fmd<j ug fldg mdof l we;sug fmr fhdok Screed fldkalS% i|yd isfuka;s"
je,s" iy .,a wkqmd;h wkqm<
s j
s ,ska 1(3(6( h hq;=h' kuq;a mdou lKq iy fldkalS% mqjre
(Slab) i|yd tu wkqmd;h wkqm<
s j
s ,ska 1(2(4( h hq;=h' (fYaI wjia:d yer)

fldkalS% i|yd wuqjH uekSfoS tlu mudKhla iys; Ndck fhd .; hq;=h' fYaIfhka
isfuka;s hl mudjg ieliQ tall fmhla (Unit box w,a 12x12x15) Nd;d lsfuka
mudj uekSfos isjk jeros wju lr .; yel'

fldkalS% i|yd c,h Y% lsu wju jYfhka is

s l, hq;=h' c,h jelsfuka jevlsu myiq
jQjo" fldkalS%j,ska ,efnk imSvk Yla;sh b;d my, w.hlg m;af' isfuka;s nE.a 01la
(50kg) i|yd c,h ,Sgr 25la fhoSu iqiqh'

rjq yev rys;" W,a iys; yev we;s .,a Nd;d lsfuka jvd Yla;su;a fldkalS% Y%Khla
,ef'

Uqre meye;s fyda l=vq.,a jeks .,a fldkalS% i|yd Nd;d fkdl, hq;=h'

fldkalS% oefoS jhsf%grhla (Vibrator) Nd;d lsu iqiqh'

fmdf<dj u;=msg fldkalS% fhdok wjia:dj,oS" N+h ieliSfuka wk;=rej fmd,s;ska t,d ta
u;g fldkalS% oeu fhda.H f'

fldkalS% oeug fmr l fhd we;s wldrh iqiql ,;a mqo.

a ,fhl= (bxcsfkarejrfhl=&
mdlr ne,Sfuka l t,Sfos isjk jeros wju lr.; yel'

10

fj<|fmdf,a O j. j, isfuka;s we;s w;r idudkH fmda,ka isfuka;s (Ordinary Portland

cement SLS 107 ) fldkalS% i|yd Nd;d l, yelsh' (fYaI wjia:d yer)

fuhg wu;rj" SLS 1253 iys; Portland lime stones cement iy SLS 1247 iys; Blended
hydraulic cement o fldkalS% i|yd fhd .kq ,ef'

fldkalS% oud meh follg muK miq c,h oud f;;a ug ie,eiau jvd fhda.H f' wju
jYfhka slab i|yd osk 07 la j;a fkdlvjd c,h oeh hq;=h'

fldkalS% slab u; ,s k, iy c, k, t,kg hgu we;s l oe,g Wka k, t,Su isl,

hq;=h'

;jo tu k, j, IalNh fldkalS% slab >klug 1/3 lg jvd wvqh hq;=h' (ir h/3) (fYaI
wjia:d yer)

rEmh 2'1 fldkal%S u; k, t,Su

fldkalS% oefos l tiug ;nk Cover blocks

ma fldkalS% j,ska iEosh hq;= w;r"

nufhka iEosu fkdl, hq;=h' fuys isfuka;s iy ma wkqmd;h" tu fldkalS%gfha isfuka;s iy

je,s w;r wkqmd;hg iudk h hq;=h'
W(

1:2:4 Y%Kfha fldkalS% i|yd isfuka;s iy ma 1:2 wkqmd;hg Y% f'

fldkalS% oud ifuka miq uqlal= .e,fos fldkalS% mqjre (Slab) i|yd osk 14 la o msgg
fkrE Slab (Cantilever slab" ne,alks" Sunshade wdosh) i|yd osk 25 la o ;,d| (Beam) iy
mfm,A i|yd osk 21 la o ;eu jvd;a iqiqh'

iEugu Igka fyda yevh j, (Form work) fldkalS% iamY jk mDIaGh u; .S%ia iu
i,a Y%fldg wdf,am lsu fyda fj<|fmdf,a we;s iqiq (Mold oil) Nd;d lsfuka Igka fyda
yevh bj;alsu myiqjk w;r fldkalS% mDIaGhg ydksu j,lajd .; yel'

l ,g .ekSfos ksh; os. (6m) ;sfoehs uek ne,Su jeo.;ah'

lfha YalNh ksh; mos ;sfoehs fj<| ksfhdacs;hd u.ska ;yjqre lr.; hq;=h'
(jksh le,smrh - Venire Caliper u.sk)a

11

Yajdih ;yjqrejQ fj<| kdu iys; l ,g .ekSu iqiqh' (SLS,ISO jeks ;;aj iy;sl iy
oHd.dr mK jd;d u.ska jvd;a .=Kd;aul NdKAv ;lafiare l, yelsh')

ksIamdolhdf.a ,dxckh lfha uqdlr ;sfoehs md lrkak'

1:2:4 Y%Kfha fldkalS% oefos >k w 100 la (01 Cube) i|yd wjYH wuqjH my; mos f'

.,a (3/4)

1 cube

je,s

cube

isfuka;s

18 bags

1:3:6 Y%Kfha fldkalS% oefos >k w 100 la (01 Cube) i|yd wjYH wuqjH my; mosf'
.,a (1)

1 cube

je,s

cube

isfuka;s

12 bags

12

3. .Dyia: c, iemhqu
.Dyia: c, k, t,Su ksjfia jeo.;a ldhhka ;=kla bgqlr .ekSu i|yd bjy,a f"

.Dyia: c, iemhqu

wm c,h neyer lsu

jeis c,h neyer lsu

cd;sl c, imdok yd c,dmjyk uKav,h iska O c, uQ,dY% j,ska c,h ,nd.kS' tu c,h
msmy lr O ia:dkj, msysgj
q d we;s fiajd c,dY j,g fmdm lr .nvd lrkq ,en
fnodye k, moaO;Ska yryd iy .Dyia: c, iemhq ukqj yryd .Dyia: c, iemhqu ,ndfoa'
idudkHfhka .Dyia: c, iemhqul mSvkh 1 - 6 bar olajd fjkia h yelsh' mdfNda.slhska c,h
jemqr ,nd.kakd f,dj,oS mSvkh wvqula ish yels w;r" uOHu rd;%sh wdikak f,dj,oS
mSvkh jef' c, iemhq ukqj yryd tk m%Odk .Dyia: iemhq k,h fl,sku
a .Dyfha
wNHka;r fnodyef moaO;shg inkaO lr we;s goS .Dyh ;=, k, moaO;sfha mSvkho 1 - 6
bar olajd uOHu rd;%sh wdikak ld, iSudfoS jef'

3.1

.Dyia: c, .nvd gexls

.Dyia: c, mdfNda.slhska c,h flfia ,nd.;a;o ksjila ;=, c,h wdrCIs;j .nvd lr
;nd.ekSuo wjYH f ' f i|yd O wdldrfha c, gexls idod.; yelsh'
ksjil idudcslhka miafofkla we;ak 1,000 ltr(1m3)l c, gexlshla osk 2 la ioyd wjYH c,h
/ia lr ;nd .eksu i|yd Nd;d l< yel' gexlsh wju jYfhka fmd,j ugf isg g 04
^w 12& la muK Wilska ;su b;d fhda.Hh f'

rEmh 3'1 .Dyia: c, gexlsh

13

.Dyia: c,h fnodyef moaO;sh

3.2

.Dyia: c,h fnodyef moaO;shl c, k, t,Su fndfydag ;SrKh l< hq;af;a .Dy
mdfNda.slhskf
a .a wjYH;djhkg wkqjh' ta ta wjia:dj,g W; wkaoka .Dyia: c, k, t,Su
ie,iq lr .ekSug;a ta wkqj wjYH c, Wmdx. ms<f
s j, lr .ekSug;a iqiql,;a c, k,
ldl Ys,m
a f
s hl= ,jd islr.; hq;=h'

ksjil c, k, ie,iq lsfoS ie,lsh hq;= lreKq

3.3

.Dyia: kdk ldurhl i lrkq ,nk O mhsmam Wmdx. i|yd iu; c, iS>%;djh ^Design
Flow Rate& j.= wxl 1'1 ys olajd we;' ;jo .Dyia: c, lrdu j,ska msgjk c, mudj iy jO

c, lrdu j,ska j,ska isjk mSvk ydksh j.=j uska oelaf'

c, YS>%;djh

c, Wmdx.

^,Sg $ ;;amr)

(Fittings)

(Rate of Flow)

WC flushing cistern

0.1

Wash basin tap

0.15

Bidet

0.15

Shower head

0.2

Sink tap, 12 mm

0.15

Sink tap, 20 mm

0.2

Urinal flushing cistern

0.004 per bowl

Washing machine

0.1

Garden Tap

0.2

j.= wxl 3'1 - mhsmm

a Wmdx. i|yd iu; c, iS.%;djh
(Design Flow Rate for fittings)

c, k, j, YalNh f;dard.eksfos lrdu ;=kla jD; jk wjia:dj ie,lSfukaa

mdfNda.slhdg ;Dma;su;a c, iemhqula ,nd .; yelsh'
Wod #

1. Shower

0.2 l/s

2. Cistern

0.1 l/s

3. Bib Tap

0.15 l/s
0.45 l/s

4. Garden Tap

0.2 l/s

5. Sink Tap

0.1 l/s
0.75 l/s

14

3.4

.Dyia: c, k, t,SfoS Nd; jk c,k,j, l%shdld;ajh

3.4.1

PVC k, iy Wmdx.

PVC k, m%Odk fldgia y;rlska fj<|mf,ys ;sf' tajd k"

Irrigation Pipes fyda T-250 j.h f,i fuh ye|skf

a ' fuu k, .Dyia: c, k, t,S i|yd

Nd; fkdflf'

T-400 fuu k, b;d wvq mSvk ;;a;ajfha c, iemhqula we;s wjia:dj,oS Nd; flf'

T-600 fuu k, .Dyia: c, iemhq i|yd nyq,j Nd; flf' jdhqf.da, mSvk yhla ^6
bar& olajd mSvkhlg myiqfjka Tfrd;a;= fohs'

T-1000 fuu k, fYaI wjia:d i|yd Nd; f' jdhqf.da, mSvk 10 la olajd mSvkhlg
myiqfjka Tfrd;a;= fohs' b;d Wia f.dvke.s,s j, msys ksjdi ixlSK wdosfhaoS Nd;
flf'

ljr k, j.hla Nd; l,o .Dyia: iemhquloS wNHka;r c, mSvkh jdhqf.da, mSvk 1 isg 6
olajd mj;ajd .ekSu wksjdhh f' ukao fndfyda c, Wmdx. ksIAmdokh lr we;af;a tjeks mSvk
mrdihloS l%shd lsu i|yd uhs'

3.4.2

.Dyia: c, k, t,SfoS ilrk O c, Wmdx.

iudk fidlgh
(Equal Socket)

iudk jq ZZ yeve;s
Wmdx.h (Equal Tee)

f*dfi fidlgh
(Foucet Socket)

jE,A fidlgh
(Valve Socket)

t,Afnd (Elbow)

rEmh 3'2

15

fl<jr jeiAu
(End Cap)

me;A;lA l=vd jq ZZ yeve;s

Wmdx.h (Reducing Tee)

3.4.3

bms f.da,hla iys; lrduh

m%Odk .Dyia: c, iemhqu ksjfia we;s c, .nvd gexlshg
ilrkqfha bms f.da,hla iys; lrduhla u.sk's fuu
lrduh ms<n
s |j fYaI wjOdkhla fhduq l, hq;= jkafka
lrdufha l=vd jrola ksid Yd, c, wmf;a hdula is h
yels neks'

rEmh 3'3
3.4.4

PVC iy f,dayj,ska ;ekQ fnda,a jE,a

rEmh 3'4
3.4.4

f,day fyda Y% f,day fhdod ;ekQ jE,a

Globe Valve

Angle Valve

rEmh 3'5
lsish wjia:djl c, Wmdx.fha l%shdld;ajfha fodaIhla we;sjQ g c,h wmf;a hdu je<elaug
iy $ fyda w;ajehdjka is lr.kakd f;la fuu jE,ajh u.ska c, .e,Su kj;d ;eug
ms<j
s kau fuys fYaI jdishls'
Bibtap

Mixer Tap

rEmh 3'6 lrdu j.

WKq c,h iy $ fyda idudkH c,h Y% lr tl msgjqulska Nd;h i|yd ,nd.ekSug fuu Tap
j.h Nd; flf' Tap tflys ,Sjrfha O msysg
q j,oS O m%udKj,ska WKq c,h iy we,a
c,h Y% lr msg;g ,nd.ekSug fujeks lrduhla Nd; lsfuka ms<j
s k'
16

3.5

.Dyia: c,h fnodyef moaO;shl o< ie,eiaula

OVER
HEAD
TANK

SHOWER

WATER
CLOSET

WASH
BASIN

SINK

WATER CLOSET

rEmh 3'7

17

jeis c,h /ia lsf moaO;sh

3.6

jeis c,h .nvd lsug

-

N+.; c, .nvd gexlshla fyda

PVC c, gexlshla

N+.; c, .nvd gexlshla Nd; lrkafka k fmdmhla wdOdrfhka fjku c, k, moaO;shla

u.ska c,h wjYH lghq;= i|yd fnod yeh yel'

jeis c,h tla /ia lsf oS

-

jeys mS,s j, tla /ia jk Ydl m;%" frdvq wdosh gexlsfha tl;= u je<elau msKsi jeys
mS,s j, rEmfha oelafjk mos iqiq ia:dk j, oe,a wdjrKhla fhosh hq;=h'

l,lg miq we;s jk jIdjloS jy< fiaoS tk uq,u

a c, fldgi gexlshg tl;= fkdug
j. n,d .; hq;=h' jyf,a l,l isg tl;= we;s l=Kqfrdvq" i;aj wY+" ,s hkdosh
gexlshg tl;= u tu.ska j<lS'

rEmh 3'8 jeis c,h tla/ia lsu

fufia tl;= jk jeis c,h my; i|yka ldhhka i|yd Nd; l< yel'
-

t<j $ u,a j.djka i|yd fhoSu

iqr;,a i;=ka keyeu

jeisls,s msis lsu

jdyk iy f.u fiaou

S

.j.d,a wdosh fiaou

S

fufia fjku jeis c, tla /ia lsf moaO;shla iy fnod yef moaO;shla ;su u.ska
-

Tn ksjfia c, iemhqfuka ,efnk wl houla ord msmy l< c,h wkjYH f,i
wmf;a hEu je,fla'

tu.ska Tf ksjfia c, ,am; wvqfjkjd fiau msmy lrk ,o c,h Yd, m%udKhla
b;s lr .ekSug yelshdj ,ef' tu.ska b;s jk m%d.aOkh b;d by<h'
18

4. iu; mQ;sl gexls ie,iq lsu"

boslsu yd kv;a;= lsu
4.1.

mirhg yd c, uQ,dY%j,g wmc,fhka we;s ;ck

kd.lrKh iu`. oshqKq jk rgj,g uqyqK oSug isj we;s nrm;, wNsfhda.hls" l%uj;aj
wmc,h neyer,Su' fndfyda k.rj, ksis msfh moaO;shla fkdue;sj wl%uj;aj wmc,h
neyer,Su ksid u;=msg c, m%Nj" N+.; c, m%Nj fukau mirho oe f,i IKh fjka mj;S'
YS% ,xldj ;=, fuu wNsfhda.hg uqyqKu i|yd cd;sl c, imdok yd c,dmjdyk uKav,h
fjku u,dmjdyk tallhla ia:dms; lr we;s w;r" bka m%Odk k.r iy je c, IKhla isjk
m%foaY ykdf.k ta i|yd u,dmjyk l%u ie,iq lrka is' uykqjr kd.l wmc,
l<uKdlrk jHdmD;sh tu tallh hgf;a md,kh jk m%Odk jHdmD;shls'

4.2

uykqjr k.rh wdY%s;j j;udk ;;ajh

uykqjr kd.l wmc, l<uKdlrk jHdmD;sh u.ska" fylaghd 2645 la jQ uykqjr k.rfha
jeu ck.yk >k;ajhlska hq;=jQo" jeu wmc, m%udKhla neyerjkakdjQo" fylaghd 733l
m%foaYhla ykdf.k "tu m%foaYh wdjrKh jk m uOH.; wmc,h msis lsf tallhla
blrka mj;S' uykqjr k.rfha oYkSh jej iy uykqjr" ud;f,a" fmdf<dkakrej ia;s%ll
a j,
m%Odk mdkSh c, m%Njh jk uyje,s .`. c, IKfhka wdrlaId lr .ekSu tys m%Odk wruqK f'
tfy;a tu jHdmD;sh u.ska wdjrKh fkdflfrk ;j;a 11700 la muK jQ ksjdij, fjfik ck;dj
iska km;d neyer,k wmc,h u;aj mir ys;ldj neyer,Su i|yd mshjr .; hq;=j we;'
uOH.; wmc,h msis lsf l%ufohla fkdue;s fm!oa.,sl ksjdi yd wdh;k i|yd iqiqjk
jvd;a m%dfhda.sl iula jkafka ta i|yd mQ;sl gexls ^Septic Tank& iy wjfYdaIK j, ^Soakage
Pit& hq., f,i fhdod .ekSuhss'

4.3

mQ;sl gexls yd wjfYdaIK j<

4.3.1 mQ;sl gexls hkq fudkjdo @

mQ;sl gexls f,i k l, O yevfha iy O m%udKj, gexls /ila Nd;fha we;s kuq;a
tajdhska oHdkql+,j wmc,h msis lsula iy mir ys;ldj neyerula isf hehs lsj
fkdyel' ta" oHdkql+,j wmc,fha we;s ldnksl wmjHh fhdackh u i|yd iu; ;;ajhka
yd ms;rhka /ila w;HjYH jk neks'

19

4.3.2

mQ;sl gexlshl m%;sh l=ulao @

oHdkql+,j wmc,h neyer,Su msKsi fhdod .; hq;= mQ;sl gexls" th mfNdackh lrk
ck.yKhg wkqj ie,iq lsu" blsu" l%shd;aul lsu yd kv;a;= lsu i|yd wkq.ukh l<
hq;= iu;hka YS% ,xld m%;s ldhdxYfhka m%ldYs; SLS 745: Part 1: 2004 m%ldYkh u.ska fmkajd
we;' tu iu;hka wkqj miafofkl=f.ka hq;= mjq,l jeisls,"s leisls,"s kdkldur yd
uq`t;ekaf.hska neyerjk wmc,h msisq lsru
S i|yd iqiq mQ;sl gexlshla wxl 1 rEmfhka olajd
we;'

rEmh 4'1 mQ;sl gexlshl ie,eiau

4.3.3

blsf ie,lsh hq;= lreKq

mQ;sl gexls yd wjfYdaIK j, blsf ksmk

q fikajrfhl=f.a fiajh w;HjYHh jk w;r tys
k, fldgia jEoa lsu msKsi m<mqre mhsmm
a jEoalrejl=f.a fiajh o wjYHh fjhs' mQ;sl
gexlsh .fvd,ska ksu l,o" fldkal%Sj,ska ksu l,o" tys we;=,;g fyda msg;g c,h ldka fkdjk
fia i,afma m%;sfrda isfuka;sj,ska

bls l< hq;=h' tfukau k, yd Wmdx. c, ldka is

fkdjk fia jEoa lr ;sh hq;=h' ksjfia isg mQ;sl gexlsh olajdo" mQ;sl gexlsfha we;=,;o"
mQ;sl gexlsfha isg wjfYdaIK j, olajdo jk mS''iS k, yd Wmdx. fldgia" YS% ,xld m%;s
ldhdxYfha wxl S.L.S : 1286 : 2006 hgf;a ksfoaY lr we;s u,dmjyk mS''iS k, yd Wmdx.
fyda I.S.O. 265-7 :1988 hgf;a ksfoaYs; mS''iS k, yd Wmdx. Nd;d lr bosl, hq;=h'
20

4.3.4

mQ;sl gexls ksudKfha ms<smeh hq;= foa

mQ;sl gexls p;=ri%dldr yevfhka h hq;= w;r" m<, yd . w;r wkqmd;h 1:2 isg 4 olajd h
hq;=h' gexlsfha wmc,h ;sh hq;= wju .eUqr g 1 ls' gexlsfha we;=`tuqj yd msguqj k, w;r
ug fjki ,sg 50 la h hq;=h' tk msguqj '' 50 la my;a h hq;=h' wmc,fha by<
ugu yd gexlsfha is,su ^wdjrK fldkal%S ;yvq& w;r wju jYfhka ,sg 200 l m%udKhla
ksoyia jdhq wjldYhla f,i ;sh hq;=h'
mQ;sl gexls wm c, mudj >K g 1 isg >K g 12 olajd mudjlg ie,iq l, yel'
gexlsfha wju m<, ,sg 750 la h hq;=h' gexlsfha f.ka 2/3 l rl tys wmc,h ;a;shla
u.ska l=r follg fjka f' gexlsfha f.ka 2/3 la jk m<uq l=rh ;=, wmc,fha we;s ldnksl
jH ksjdhq nelahd u.ska Kh lrkq ,nk w;r tu fldgfia ux fldgia fyj;a
frdkafndr gexls m;af,a ;ekam;a f'
m<uq l=rh yd fojk l=rh fjkalrk ;a;sfha we;s '' 100 m%udKfha jrhla u.ska m<uq
l=rfha frdkafndr ;ekam;afuka miq b;sjk c,h fojk l=rhg mefKa' tu jrh gexls
m;af,a isg c, Wfiys ueo 1/3 fldgfiys msysgd we;' fojk l=rh ;=,o u| jYfhka ldnksl
fldgia Khula yd ;ekam;aula is jk w;r tu l=rfha by< /iajk c,h wjfYdaIK
j,g fhduq flf' wjfYdaIK jf,a we;s isre ;=,k
s a fmd,jg ldkajk c,h iu`. nelahd
l%shdld wmc,fha we;s ldnksl fldgia ;j rg;a fhdackh lr ;;ajh msis l, c,h
fmd<jg uqod yef'
4.3.5

Nd;fha ms<smeh hq;= oE

mQ;sl gexlsfha u;=msg m%foaYh mCIK ljq`t" kv;a;= jr iy jd k,hlska iuka; jk w;r
bka we;=,g c,h ldka fkdjk fia jr odr ilia l, hq;=h' mQ;sl gexls myrKh lsug fmr
tys meh 24 la c,h mqrjd ;ndf.k c, ldka i|yd mCId l, hq;=h' c, ldka we;ak mCId
lr jydu w`t;ajehd l, hq;=h' m<uq jrg mQ;sl gexlsh Nd;d lsug fmr gexlsh
imQKfhkau c,fhka mqrjd ;nd Nd;h werh hq;=h' h lrk ,o wuq f.du mksgqjla
gexlshg tla lsfuka K l%shdj,sh f.j;a lsug Wo f' Wmu jYfhka jir 5 lg jrla
fyda ie,iq.; ld,h wkqj fyda mQ;sl gexlsj, frdka fndr bj;a lsu l, hq;=h'
4.3.6

wjfYdaIK j,

wjfYdaIK j, c,h fydka Wrd.kakd mi iys; ulg iqiqh' rjq fyda p;=ri%dldr yevfhka
iEh yel' wjfYdaIK jf,ys ;a;s isre iys; .fvd,a fyda isfuka;s f,dla .,a j,ska bl,
yel' wjfYdaIK j,j,a ;ekSf f.dvke.s,j
s , isg g 5 lg je rlska yd mdkSh c,
m%Njhl isg g 18 lg je rlska bl, hq;=h' m%dfoaYSh iNdf$k.r iNdf kshuhkag
wkql+, jk f,i wjfYdaIK j, ia:dk.; lsu l, hq;= f' mia fofkl=f.ka hq;= mjq,lg i,k
m%udKfha wjfYdaIK gexlshla wxl 2 rEmfhka olajd we;'
21

rEmh 4'2 wjfYdaIK j,l ie,eiau

N+.; c, ugu by< ;,hl ;sfnk fyda wmdr.uH ia:rhla by< ugul msys fmd,jlg
wjfYdaIK j,j,a iqiq fkdf' tjka fmdf,djla i|yd jvd iqiq jkafka jEiaiq w.,hs' ^Seepage
Trench& fuu l%uh wkqj isre iys; mS''iS k, fhdod rEm wxl 3 ys i|yka wdldrhg jEiaiq
w., ilia lr.; yels w;r" N+ c, ugu g 1'2 g by,ska msysgk fyda ;o mdIdKj,ska hq;=
c,h Wrd fkd.kakd ia:dk i|yd Nd;d l, yel' w., u;=msg r`t ;K" mka" fmd;=fld,mka"
nq;airK hkdh j.d lsfuka jvd fydka c,h mirhg uqod yeug Wmld f'

rEmh 4'3 jEiaiq w.,l ie,eiau

22

4.3.7

m%dfhda.sl ie,iq

Y%S ,xld m%;s ldhdxYfha ksfoaYhkag wkqj frdkafndr bj;a lrk ld, iSudj jir 2 yd 5 f,i
i,ld tla tla ksjeishka ixLHdj wkqj ie,iq lrk ,o mQ;sl gexlshl ;sh hq;= m%udK my;
j.=fjka oelaf'

mQ;sl gexlsfha m%udKh ;SrKh lsu

frdka fndr bj;a lrk
ld,h ^jir&

ksjfia mx ixLHdj

10

10

mQ;sl gexls Od;djh

^>K g&

1.31

1.80

2.52

1.81

2.51

3.53

mQ;sl gexls c, .eUqr ^&

1.00

1.00

1.20

1.00

1.00

1.20

mQ;sl gexls m<, ^&

0.75

0.75

0.80

0.75

0.90

1.00

mQ;sl gexls . ^&

1.75

2.40

2.63

2.42

2.78

2.94

u;=msg fCI;% M,h

^j. g&

1.31

1.80

2.10

1.81

2.51

2.94

j.= wxl 4'1

23

5. rlaIs;hla ;=< f.dvke.s,s ia:dms; lsug

wod< lreKq
2008 wxl 40 orK cd;sl uxudj;a mk; wkqj

ud. ixjOk wldfha ldh Ndrh(

cd;sl uyd ud. moaO;sh ie,iq lsu" ie,iq ilia lsru
S " boslsu" ixjOkh lsu"
kv;a;= lsu yd mmd,kh lsu'

ud. ixjOk wldhg wh;a ud.

2008 wxl 40 orK cd;sl uxudj;a mk;g fmr A iy B mx;s f,i ye|skj
a Q ud. ish,a,u
oeka cd;sl uyd ud. (Highway Roads) f,i ykajkq ,ef'

fuys cd;sl uyd ud. hk woyig" tu ud. j,g by,ska we;s md," fndalal="
wka; yqjudre' ish,q ne " im;a;= md, wdosh we;=<;a f'

5.1

ud. rlaIs;hla hkq

cd;sl uyd ud.hl wdrlaIdj" iqrlaIs; nj" iqN isoah iy cd;sl uyd
ud.fha wkd.; ixjOkh ioyd fjka lrkq ,en we;s cd;sl uyd
ud.hla msg;ska we;s ish,q bv woyia f'

5.2

f.dvke.s,s iSudj
cd;sl uyd ud.fha r: jdyk .uka lrk fldgfia uOH fLdf isg g myf<djla f'

5.3

cd;sl uyd ud.hlg hdnoj we;s f.dvke.s,s yd bv ms<sn| kS;sh

ksh; f.dvke.s,s isudj ;=< Odhl bxcsfkare iska m%odkh lrk ,o

wjirhlg hg;aj yer h f.dvke.s,,
a la m%fY fodrlvla fyda
fjk;a boslsula is lsu fyda tajdg h tl;= lsula fyda kej;
boslsula islsu" fmd<j hg ;gqjla boslsu" <sola"
N+.; fmdl=Kla" m;,a <sola yEu fkdl< hq;=hs'

24

n .siqula hgf;a boslsula ioyd wjir ,ndoSu'

by; wjYH;djhka imqrd,sh fkdyels wjia:djl ta ms<n

s |j Odhl bxcsfkare iska
iEySulg m;ajkafka k muKla jdIsl n.siqulg hg;aj f.dvke.s,s iSudj ;=, lsish
bosl
s ula islsug my; mos wjir ,ndfoa'
(i)

kd.l iSudjg msg; m%foaY j, ud. uOHfha isg gr 7'5 la Tfnka'

(ii)

kd.l m%foaY j, ud. uOHfha isg gr 7'5 la Tfnka'

f i|yd kEu Odhl bxcsfkare ldhd,hlska whm;%hla ,nd .; yel'

fiajd iemhSu

5.4

c,h" ,sh" rl:k inkaO;d ,nd.ekSu fyda fjk;a lreKla inkaOfhka cd;sl ud.hla
mq lsu'
f i|yd b,a lrkq ,nk mqo.
a ,hd iska wod, wdh;kfhka ud.h m l<hq;=

i.

m%udKh o i|yka fldg

u;a ,smh
s la iu.ska ud. ixjOk wldfha Odhl

bxcsfkare fj; b,a,u

S la l<hq;= f'
ii.

Odhl bxcsfkare iska ilia lrkq ,nk weia;fka;=j osk 90lg

j,x.= nexl= wKlrhla u.ska f. is l< hq;= f'
ud.h mq lsug woyia lrkq ,nk oskh

iii.

i|yka fldg wod, fmd,sia ia:dkdm;sf.a

leue;a; whlre iska ,nd .; hq;=f'

2008 wxl 40 orK cd;sl uxudj;a mkf;a i|yka mos my; i`oyka lreKq islsu
ovqj ,eh yels jrols'

i.

cd;sl uyd ud.hl lsish fldgil ldKqjla lemsu fyda leKsula isq lsu'

ii.

cd;sl uyd ud.hkays mia fyda ;K msv,s bj;a lsru

S '

iii.

.sks we,Su fyda Bg h jHhla y,kq ,enSu'

iv.

cd;sl uyd ud.hlg w,dNydkshla isqjk f,i jdyk Odjkh lsu'

v.

cd;sl uyd ud.hla u; fyda Bg by,ska ilr we;' ud. ix{d wdoshg w,dNydks is
lsu'
25

vi.

cd;sl uyd ud.fha r: jdyk .uka lrk fldgfiys msx;dre lsu" legh lsu fyda
we,u'

vii.

cd;sl uyd ud.hkays je,s" oej" .,a yd fjk;a jH oeu fyda .nvd lsu'

viii. ksjdihla fyda f.dvke.s,,

a la fyda f.j;a;lsk"a cd;sl uyd ud.hlg wm;% c,h fyda
fjk;a j wmjHhla uqod yeu'
ix.

jdyk .uka lrk fldgfia fn ;Srhl" ud. moaO;shl fyda mosl ud.fha .ila fyda
mqrla wkjirfhka isgqu'

x.

cd;sl uyd ud.h fj;g h fodrgqjla fyda f.agqjla ilsu'

xi.

cd;sl uyd ud.hl fyda rCIs;hlg ljr fyda f,djl whdf,a i;=ka uqodyeu'

26

Y%S ,xld bxcsfkare wdh;kh

uOHu m<d;a uOHia:dkh

27