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    Excretory System

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    The excretory system removes waste from the body through the lungs, skin, and kidneys. The lungs exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor. The skin sweats out water, salts, and small amounts of nitrogen waste. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine by removing urea, salts, and water to regulate homeostasis. The kidneys are made up of nephrons that filter blood in the glomerulus and remove waste through tubules that either reabsorb useful substances or secrete waste into urine.

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    Excretory System

    Uploaded by

    api-242529550
    319 views19 pages
    The excretory system removes waste from the body through the lungs, skin, and kidneys. The lungs exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor. The skin sweats out water, salts, and small amounts of nitrogen waste. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine by removing urea, salts, and water to regulate homeostasis. The kidneys are made up of nephrons that filter blood in the glomerulus and remove waste through tubules that either reabsorb useful substances or secrete waste into urine.

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    The excretory system removes waste from the body through the lungs, skin, and kidneys. The lungs exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor. The skin sweats out water, salts, and small amounts of nitrogen waste. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine by removing urea, salts, and water to regulate homeostasis. The kidneys are made up of nephrons that filter blood in the glomerulus and remove waste through tubules that either reabsorb useful substances or secrete waste into urine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    319 views19 pages

    Excretory System

    Uploaded by

    api-242529550
    The excretory system removes waste from the body through the lungs, skin, and kidneys. The lungs exhale carbon dioxide and water vapor. The skin sweats out water, salts, and small amounts of nitrogen waste. The kidneys filter blood and produce urine by removing urea, salts, and water to regulate homeostasis. The kidneys are made up of nephrons that filter blood in the glomerulus and remove waste through tubules that either reabsorb useful substances or secrete waste into urine.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Excretory System

    Jacob Jossart, Zach Muzzarelli, Daria Hoang, Cris Boggio

    What is the excretory system?


    - Vital process
    - Maintains homeostasis by removing excess
    water and waste
    - Takes waste products left behind following
    previous absorption of nutrients
    - Compacts wastes into urine and feces for
    disposal

    Body Parts involved:


    1. Lungs
    - excretes carbon dioxide and water vapor
    2. Skin
    - excretes water, salts, nitrogen wastes
    3. Kidneys
    - filters and excretes nitrogenous wastes,
    salts, water, and other substances through
    urinary tracts

    Lungs
    - Excretes carbon dioxide and water vapor
    - Detoxification: removes harmful substances
    so that they are not poisonous

    Skin
    - Excretes water, salts, small amounts of
    nitrogen wastes, and other substances in
    sweat
    - Helps the kidneys control the salt
    composition of the blood; the salt and waste
    is excreted through perspiration
    - Water and salt must be replenished to
    maintain normal body functions

    Kidneys
    - Breakdown of proteins leads to accumulation
    of nitrogen wastes
    - Excretion of water is necessary to dissolve
    wastes
    - Kidneys closely regulate the chemical
    composition of blood

    Structure of Kidney

    Structure of a nephron
    1. Nephrons - functional
    units of the kidney
    a.

    b.

    Bowmans capsule: cupshaped capsule that


    surrounds a tight ball of
    capillaries that retain
    cells and large
    molecules
    Glomerulus - fine
    network of capillaries

    Parts of the kidney


    1. Renal cortex: the outermost portion of the
    kidney, of tissues mass
    2. Renal medulla: inner of kidney
    3. Renal pelvis: the funnel-shaped structure in
    the center of the kidney

    What does the kidney filter?


    1. The kidney filters toxins, urea, water, and
    mineral salts
    2. The most common metabolic waste is urea,
    which is converted from ammonia
    3. While the kidney filters out all these
    materials, many will be reabsorbed (esp.
    water)

    Renal Tubule
    Processes of the Renal Tubule:
    - Filtration
    - Reabsorption and Secretion
    - Formation of urine

    Process of Filtration
    - High pressure forces water, urea, glucose,
    vitamins and salts through glomerulus
    - Travels to Bowmans Capsule
    - About one-fifth of the fluid part of blood filters
    into Bowmans Capsule
    - The rest remains in the capillaries

    Reabsorption
    - Body needs to retain many of the
    substances that were removed from the
    blood by filtration
    - Reabsorption: Filtrate flows through the
    renal tubule, these materials return to the
    blood by being selectively transported
    through walls of the renal tube and into the
    surrounding capillaries
    - Osmosis and active transport

    Secretion
    - Secretion- when filtrate reaches the distal
    convoluted tubule, some substances pass
    from blood into the filtrate
    - include waste and toxic materials

    Formation of Urine (part of reabsorption and secretion)


    - Fluid and wastes remain in the distal
    convoluted tubule and form urine
    - Urine from several multiple renal tubes then
    flow into a collecting duct

    Loop of Henle (part of reabsorption and secretion)


    - Function is to close the collecting duct
    - Water moves out of the collecting duct
    because the concentration of sodium
    chloride is higher in the fluid surrounding the
    collecting duct than it is inside of it

    Elimination of Urine
    - urine from collecting ducts flow through renal
    pelvis and into a narrow tube called a ureter
    - ureter leads from each kidney to bladder
    - this squeezes the urine out through the
    urethra
    - 500 mL a day

    Diseases of the Excretory System


    - Nephritis: inflammation of kidneys
    - Nephrosis: includes swelling, protein in urine, low
    blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels
    - Vesicoureteral Reflux: when urine flows back from
    the bladder into the ureters
    - Cystitis: inflammation of bladder
    - Cancer: uncontrolled cell growth

    Other Collaborative Systems:


    The excretory system also works with the:

    - respiratory system (lungs)


    - urinary system (kidneys, bladder)
    - integumentary system (skin)

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