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    Sample Size Determination For Efficient Use of Resources: 4 Determining Factors: A - D

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    dharshn12345
    This document discusses factors to consider when determining sample size for experiments: A) Variability of the material being studied, expressed as the standard deviation or coefficient of variation. Biological responses often have a CV of 10-30%. B) The size of the expected difference (d) between treatments, based on prior research or economic importance. C) The criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis, usually a significance level of 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001. D) The desired power, typically 0.8, 0.9 or 0.95. The number of replicates per treatment can be calculated using these factors to detect a difference of size d. Examples are provided to estimate standard deviation from

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    Sample Size Determination For Efficient Use of Resources: 4 Determining Factors: A - D

    Uploaded by

    dharshn12345
    30 views4 pages
    This document discusses factors to consider when determining sample size for experiments: A) Variability of the material being studied, expressed as the standard deviation or coefficient of variation. Biological responses often have a CV of 10-30%. B) The size of the expected difference (d) between treatments, based on prior research or economic importance. C) The criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis, usually a significance level of 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001. D) The desired power, typically 0.8, 0.9 or 0.95. The number of replicates per treatment can be calculated using these factors to detect a difference of size d. Examples are provided to estimate standard deviation from

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    This document discusses factors to consider when determining sample size for experiments: A) Variability of the material being studied, expressed as the standard deviation or coefficient of variation. Biological responses often have a CV of 10-30%. B) The size of the expected difference (d) between treatments, based on prior research or economic importance. C) The criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis, usually a significance level of 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001. D) The desired power, typically 0.8, 0.9 or 0.95. The number of replicates per treatment can be calculated using these factors to detect a difference of size d. Examples are provided to estimate standard deviation from

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    30 views4 pages

    Sample Size Determination For Efficient Use of Resources: 4 Determining Factors: A - D

    Uploaded by

    dharshn12345
    This document discusses factors to consider when determining sample size for experiments: A) Variability of the material being studied, expressed as the standard deviation or coefficient of variation. Biological responses often have a CV of 10-30%. B) The size of the expected difference (d) between treatments, based on prior research or economic importance. C) The criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis, usually a significance level of 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001. D) The desired power, typically 0.8, 0.9 or 0.95. The number of replicates per treatment can be calculated using these factors to detect a difference of size d. Examples are provided to estimate standard deviation from

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Sample Size Determination

    for
    Efficient use of Resources
    PGRM 3.5

    Statistics
    in
    Science

    4 determining factors: A D
    A

    Variability of experimental material


    Expressed as either
    (i) the Standard deviation (SD) of the
    response
    (ii) the CV (= 100*SD/Mean).
    The CV for biological responses is often in
    range 10-30%.

    Size of difference expected (d)


    Based on
    (i) Knowledge of similar work.

    Statistics
    in
    Science

    (ii) Knowledge of the science


    (iii) economically important difference?

    Estimating the SD & CV (for A)


    From analysis of similar data:
    SD is estimated by MSE
    From the literature:
    SEM (SE of mean) = (MSE/r)
    so SD = SEM r
    Example: Chowdhury and Rosario (1994)
    J. Agric. Sci. Camb 122, 193-199
    Randomised block with 5 blocks (r=5)
    SEM for Dry matter yield = 0.206
    SD estimated by 0.206 5 = 0.460
    Mean 5 so CV 100 0.460/5 = 9.2%
    Statistics
    in
    Science

    Estimating the SD & CV (contd)


    Example: Wayne el al. (1999).J. Ecol 87,183-192
    Replication = 6
    SED for reproductive weight per stand is 0.295.
    Recall!
    so

    SED = 2 SEM
    SD = (r/2) SED

    SD estimated by 0.295 (6/2) = 0.51


    Mean 1.2
    CV 100 0.51/1.2 = 42.5%

    Statistics
    in
    Science

    More determining factors: C & D


    C

    Criteria for rejecting the null


    hypothesis
    Significance Level = Probability of
    rejecting the null when it is true.
    (ie concluding there is a difference when
    there is not)
    Recall: rejecting when p < 0.05 gives
    significance level 0.05
    Typical levels : 0.05, 0.01, 0.001

    Power = Probability of concluding there is


    a difference when there is one of size d
    Typical levels: 0.8. 0.9, 0.95

    Statistics
    in
    Science

    Calculation of replicates per treatment


    Fixing significance at 0.05, and power at 80%
    To detect a d% difference the required
    replication per treatment is:

    r = 16(CV/d)2
    Example
    CV = 15%, d = 10%,
    r = 16 (15/10)2 = 36
    Statistics
    in
    Science

    Review of Resource Use


    To see how precise an experiment actually was the
    formula above can be rewritten as
    d = 4 CV/r
    to give
    d = 4 SEM% (= 2.82 SED%)
    where SEM (SED) are expressed as % of the overall
    mean.
    Example follows:

    Statistics
    in
    Science

    Example: Review of resource use


    Suppose an experiment with two treatments has the
    following result
    Treatment

    SEM

    10.7

    13.9

    1.1

    The grand mean is 12.3 and the SEM as a percentage


    of that is 8.9%.
    The formula says that a real underlying difference
    between treatments of size 4 x 8.9% = 35.6% would
    have about an 80% chance of being detected at the 5%
    level in this experiment.
    Statistics
    in
    Science

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