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    Electro-Motive Force, Terminal Voltage, Internal Resistance

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    atharva234
    The document discusses electromotive force (EMF), terminal voltage, and internal resistance of cells. It defines EMF as the potential difference that causes current to flow in a circuit and does not depend on current drawn from the cell. Terminal voltage depends on the current drawn and is equal to EMF when no current is drawn. Internal resistance is the resistance of the electrolyte inside the cell and increases with factors like decreasing electrode surface area and increasing electrode distance and concentration. The document also covers electrical energy, power, power ratings of appliances, and the heating effect of current.

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    Electro-Motive Force, Terminal Voltage, Internal Resistance

    Uploaded by

    atharva234
    15 views2 pages
    The document discusses electromotive force (EMF), terminal voltage, and internal resistance of cells. It defines EMF as the potential difference that causes current to flow in a circuit and does not depend on current drawn from the cell. Terminal voltage depends on the current drawn and is equal to EMF when no current is drawn. Internal resistance is the resistance of the electrolyte inside the cell and increases with factors like decreasing electrode surface area and increasing electrode distance and concentration. The document also covers electrical energy, power, power ratings of appliances, and the heating effect of current.

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    The document discusses electromotive force (EMF), terminal voltage, and internal resistance of cells. It defines EMF as the potential difference that causes current to flow in a circuit and does not depend on current drawn from the cell. Terminal voltage depends on the current drawn and is equal to EMF when no current is drawn. Internal resistance is the resistance of the electrolyte inside the cell and increases with factors like decreasing electrode surface area and increasing electrode distance and concentration. The document also covers electrical energy, power, power ratings of appliances, and the heating effect of current.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    15 views2 pages

    Electro-Motive Force, Terminal Voltage, Internal Resistance

    Uploaded by

    atharva234
    The document discusses electromotive force (EMF), terminal voltage, and internal resistance of cells. It defines EMF as the potential difference that causes current to flow in a circuit and does not depend on current drawn from the cell. Terminal voltage depends on the current drawn and is equal to EMF when no current is drawn. Internal resistance is the resistance of the electrolyte inside the cell and increases with factors like decreasing electrode surface area and increasing electrode distance and concentration. The document also covers electrical energy, power, power ratings of appliances, and the heating effect of current.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Electro-Motive Force, Terminal Voltage, Internal Resistance

    Electromotive force is the potential deference that forces the current to flow in a
    circuit. It is the potential difference measured in volts.
    Electromotive force
    EMF of a cell is defined as the energy
    spent per unit charge in taking a
    positive charge around the complete
    circuit around the cell
    Does not depend on the amount of
    current drawn from the cell
    Equal to the terminal voltage when cell
    is not in use, greater when in use

    Terminal Voltage
    The Terminal voltage of a cell is
    defined as work done per unit charge
    in carrying a positive charge around a
    circuit connected across the terminals
    of the cell
    Depends upon the amount of current
    drawn from the cell
    Equal to the EMF when cell is not in
    use, lesser when in use

    The internal resistance of a cell is the resistance offered by the electrolyte inside
    the cell to the flow of current is called.
    Voltage drop is the work done in carrying a unit charge through the electrolyte

    Factors affecting Internal Resistance: (resistance increases with:)


    The surface area of the electrodes (decrease)
    The distance between the electrodes (greater distance)
    The nature and the concentration of the electrodes (higher conc.)
    The temperature of the electrodes (lower temp.)

    ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POWER

    One joule of work is done when one coulomb of electric charge flows from higher
    potential to lower potential through a potential difference f one volt.
    From definition of potential difference,

    W=QV

    From definition of current,

    Q=I

    W=VIt (the electrical energy, W, supplied in producing current I ampere for t


    seconds in the conductor under the potential difference of V volt.)
    By Ohms Law (V = IR)
    W = I2Rt
    2
    2
    2
    By Ohms Law (I = V /R )
    Power is the rate of doing work = Work/time
    Unit: watt = Volt Ampere = Js-1
    One watt is the power consumed when current of 1 ampere flows through a
    circuit having a potential difference of 1 volt.
    6J
    Commercial units of electrical energy: Wh = 3600J or kWh = 3.6
    POWER RATING OF COMMON ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
    From power rating, we can calculate the following:
    Resistance, R=V2/P
    Safe limit, I=P/V
    HEATING EFFECT OF CURENT
    Heat produced depends on three factors:
    The amount of current passing through the wire
    The resistance of the wire
    The time for which the current is passed in the wire
    H=I2Rt joule, or H=0.24I2Rt Cal since 1cal =4.18 joules

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