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    Primary CMTG (Read-Only) PDF

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    اشرينكيل مسونكيل
    This document provides information about cementing operations in oil and gas wells. It discusses the various steps involved in cementing including slurry design, mixing, pumping, and displacement. It describes the purposes of cementing including bonding and supporting casing, sealing zones, and preventing fluid migration. It outlines different cementing methods like plug cementing, inner string cementing, and stage cementing. It also discusses primary cementing of different casing strings from conductor to production casing. Finally, it covers topics like liner cementing, plugs, float equipment, and cement slurry characteristics.

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    Primary CMTG (Read-Only) PDF

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    اشرينكيل مسونكيل
    185 views50 pages
    This document provides information about cementing operations in oil and gas wells. It discusses the various steps involved in cementing including slurry design, mixing, pumping, and displacement. It describes the purposes of cementing including bonding and supporting casing, sealing zones, and preventing fluid migration. It outlines different cementing methods like plug cementing, inner string cementing, and stage cementing. It also discusses primary cementing of different casing strings from conductor to production casing. Finally, it covers topics like liner cementing, plugs, float equipment, and cement slurry characteristics.

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    This document provides information about cementing operations in oil and gas wells. It discusses the various steps involved in cementing including slurry design, mixing, pumping, and displacement. It describes the purposes of cementing including bonding and supporting casing, sealing zones, and preventing fluid migration. It outlines different cementing methods like plug cementing, inner string cementing, and stage cementing. It also discusses primary cementing of different casing strings from conductor to production casing. Finally, it covers topics like liner cementing, plugs, float equipment, and cement slurry characteristics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    185 views50 pages

    Primary CMTG (Read-Only) PDF

    Uploaded by

    اشرينكيل مسونكيل
    This document provides information about cementing operations in oil and gas wells. It discusses the various steps involved in cementing including slurry design, mixing, pumping, and displacement. It describes the purposes of cementing including bonding and supporting casing, sealing zones, and preventing fluid migration. It outlines different cementing methods like plug cementing, inner string cementing, and stage cementing. It also discusses primary cementing of different casing strings from conductor to production casing. Finally, it covers topics like liner cementing, plugs, float equipment, and cement slurry characteristics.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 50
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that cementing is a process that involves slurry design and testing, blending and hauling, mixing and pumping cement slurry. It is done for bonding and supporting casing, sealing lost circulation zones, protecting casing from corrosion and preventing blowouts.

    The main reasons for cementing are to bond and support casing, seal lost circulation zones, protect casing from corrosion due to sub-surface water, prevent blowouts by forming a seal against the formation, protect casing from shock loading when drilling ahead, and prevent fluid movement between zones.

    The different types of casing strings are conductor casing, surface casing, intermediate casing, production casing, drilling liner, production liner, tie back liner, top out jobs (surface), and inner string cementing.

    CEMENTING

    CEMENTING IS A PROCESS WHICH INCLUDES:


    ? SLURRY DESIGN AND TESTING
    ? BLENDING AND HAULING
    ? MIXING AND PUMPING
    A CEMENT SLURRY IS DEFINED AS:
    ? THE FLUID RESULTING FROM ADDING
    MIXING WATER AND ADDITIVES TO THE
    DRY CEMENT OR CEMENT BLEND.

    REASONS FOR CEMENTING


    ? BONDS AND SUPPORTS CASING
    ? SEALS LOST CIRCULATION ZONES
    ? PROTECTS CASING FROM CORROSION DUE TO
    SUB-SURFACE WATER.
    ? PREVENTS BLOW-OUTS BY FORMING A SEAL
    AGAINST THE FORMATION.
    ? PROTECTS CASING FROM SHOCK LOADING
    WHEN DRILLING AHEAD.
    ? PREVENTS FLUID MOVEMENT BETWEEN ZONES.

    CEMENT JOB
    CLASSIFICATION
    ? PRIMARY CEMENTING.
    ? CASING CEMENTING.
    ? MULTISTAGE JOBS.
    ? LINER CEMENTING.
    ? REMEDIAL CEMENTING.
    ? PLUGS.
    ? SQUEEZES
    ? TOP OUT JOBS.

    PRIMARY CEMENTING
    TYPES OF CASING STRING
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?

    CONDUCTOR CASING
    SURFACE CASING
    INTERMEDIATE CASING
    PRODUCTION CASING
    DRILLING LINER
    PRODUCTION LINER

    PRIMARY CEMENTING
    TYPES OF CASING STRING
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?

    TIE BACK LINER


    TOP OUT JOBS (SURFACE)
    INNER STRING CEMENTING
    MULTI-STAGE JOBS

    CASING TERMINOLOGY
    PLUG DROPPING
    HEAD
    TOP PLUG
    LANDING JOINT
    (CROSS-OVER)
    CASING IN CASING
    ANNULUS

    CEMENTING
    MANIFOLD
    INTERMEDIATE
    OR SURFACE
    CASING

    EXTERNAL CASING
    PACKER (OPTIONAL)
    CEMENT BASKET
    (OPTIONAL)
    BOTTOM
    WIPER PLUG
    PREVIOUS
    CASING SHOE
    SCRATCHERS
    OPEN HOLE
    CASING

    CASING/OPEN
    HOLE ANNULUS

    CENTRALIZER
    FLOW
    DIRECTION

    FLOAT COLLAR
    FLOAT SHOE
    (GUIDE SHOE)

    TYPES OF CASING
    TYPICAL
    DEPTHS
    CONDUCTOR
    CASING
    SURFACE
    CASING

    40-1500 FT
    100-3000 FT

    TIE-BACK
    LINER
    INTERMEDIATE
    CASING

    4000-16000 FT

    LINER

    GREATER THAN
    20000 FT

    CONDUCTOR
    ? FUNCTIONS
    ? PROTECTS RIG FOUNDATION AND
    STABILIZE COLLAR
    ? CONSOLIDATES LOOSE SURFACE
    FORMATIONS
    ? CONTROL CIRCULATING FLUIDS

    CONDUCTOR
    ? APPLICATIONS
    ? PLUG METHOD
    ? INNER STRING METHOD
    ? CEMENT TO SURFACE

    CONDUCTOR
    ? SLURRY CHARACTERISTICS
    ? CHEAP LEAD FILLER SLURRY
    ? NEAT CEMENT TAIL
    ? ACCELERATORS

    SURFACE CASING
    ? FUNCTIONS
    ? PROTECT FRESH WATER ZONES CONTAMINATION
    ? SEAL LOOSE FORMATIONS AND THEIF
    ZONES
    ? SUPPORT SUBSEQUENT CASINGS
    ? CONNECTS BLOW OUT PREVENTER
    (BOP) AND WELL HEAD

    SURFACE CASING
    ? APPLICATIONS
    ? PLUG METHOD
    ? INNER STRING
    ? CEMENT TO SURFACE

    SURFACE CASING
    ? SLURRY CHARACTERISTICS
    ? LEAD FILLER CEMENT PROVIDE AXIAL
    SHEAR STRENGTH AND ISOLATE
    ZONES
    ? ACCELERTATED NEAT CEMENT ON
    SHORT STRING OR LOWER SECTION
    ON LONG STRING.

    INTERMEDIATE CASING
    ? FUNCTIONS
    ? SEAL OFF THEIF AND FRACTURED
    ZONES, CORROSIVE WATERS
    ? PREVENT SLOUGHING AND HOLE
    ENLARGEMENT DURING DEEPER
    DRILLING.
    ? PREVENTS STUCK PIPE AND LOSS OF
    STRING IN KEY SEATED OR STICKY
    HOLE
    ? SUPPORT SUBSEQUENT CASINGS

    INTERMEDIATE CASING
    ? APPLICATIONS
    ? SINGLE STAGE (PLUGS)
    ? MULTI-STAGE CEMENTING
    ? CEMENT TO SURFACE

    INTERMEDIATE CASING
    ? LEAD SLURRY CHARACTERISTICS
    ? CHEAP LEAD FILLER CEMENT
    ? RELATIVELY LOW DENSITY
    ? MAY BE RETARDED
    ? LOST CIRCULATION MATERIAL
    ? SULPHATE RESISTANT

    INTERMEDIATE CASING
    ? TAIL SLURRY CHARACTERISTICS
    ? HIGHER DENSITY AND STRENGTH
    ? MODIFIED CEMENT
    ? USUALLY RETARDED
    ? LOW FREE WATER
    ? NON DAMAGING (PRODUCTION
    ZONES)
    ? MAY NEED STRENGTH
    RETROGRESSION AGENT IF HOT

    PRODUCTION CASING
    ? FUNCTIONS
    ? PROTECTS THE HOLE
    ? ISOLATE ZONES
    ? PREVENT FLUID MIGRATION
    ? PROVIDE WELL CONTROL IF TUBING
    FAILS
    ? PROTECTS DOWN HOLE EQUIPMENT
    ? ALLOWS SELECTIVE
    PRODUCTION/INJECTION

    PRODUCTION CASING
    ? APPLICATIONS
    ? SINGLE STAGE (PLUGS)
    ? MULTI-STAGE CEMENTING
    ? MUD REMOVAL METHODS
    ? FLOW REGIMES
    ? CENTRALIZATION

    PRODUCTION CASING
    ? SLURRY CHARACTERISTICS
    ? MODIFIED CEMENT
    ? USUALLY RETARDED
    ? USE FLUID LOSS CONTROL
    ? LOW FREE WATER
    ? NON DAMAGING
    ? STRENGTH RETROGRESSION AGENT IF
    HOT

    PRODUCTION CASING
    ? SLURRY CHARACTERISTICS
    ? LEAD SLURRY
    ? DENSITY 1.0-2.0 PPG HEAVIER THAN
    MUD
    ? TAIL SLURRY
    ? DENSITY 1.0-2.0 PPG HEAVIER THAN
    LEAD
    ? MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

    LINER CEMENTING
    ? FUNCTIONS
    ? LIMIT NEED FOR FULL CASING STRING
    ? REPAIR DAMAGED OR PARTED CASING
    ? ISOLATE LOSS ZONE ABOVE
    PRODUCTION INTERVAL

    LINER CEMENTING
    ? APPLICATIONS
    ? RUNNING IN AND CEMENTING
    THROUGH DRILL PIPE
    ? WIPER DART AND SUSPENDED PLUG
    ? LINER HANGERS
    ? PULL PIPE ABOVE CEMENT BEFORE
    SHUTTING IN

    LINER CEMENTING
    ? SLURRY CHARACTERISTICS
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?

    MODIFIED CEMENT
    DENSITY MINIMUM 1.0-2.0 PPG HEAVIER THAN MUD
    USUALLY RETARDED
    USE FLUID LOSS CONTROL
    ZERO FREE WATER
    GAS MIGRATION CONTROL
    NON DAMAGING
    STRENGTH RETROGRESSION AGENT IF HOT
    MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
    LEAD SLURRY RARELY USED

    TIE BACK (SCAB) LINER


    ? FUNCTIONS
    ? COVERS INTERMEDIATE CASINGS
    THAT ARE DAMAGED OR WORN BY
    DRILLING
    ? CONFINES WELL PRESSURE
    ? PROTECTS OTHER CASINGS
    ? PREVENTS COLLAPSE DUE TO HIGH
    PRESSURE OR MOVING/PLASTIC
    FORMATIONS (SALT)

    CEMENT PLUGS
    TOP PLUG

    Moulded Rubber

    Cast Aluminium
    Reinforcing Plate
    BOTTOM PLUG
    Diaphragm

    Moulded Rubber
    Cast Aluminium
    Insert

    FLOAT EQUIPMENT
    GUIDE SHOE

    FLOAT COLLAR

    FLOAT SHOE

    BALL TYPE CHECK VALVE

    BALL TYPE CHECK VALVE

    PLUG
    SEAT

    PRIMARY CEMENTING
    METHODS
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?

    TWO PLUG CEMENTING


    INNER STRING CEMENTING
    STAGE CEMENTING
    LINER CEMENTING

    CEMENTING: PLUG METHOD


    1. MUD BEING CIRCULATED TO CONDITION
    THE HOLE PRIOR TO CEMENTING

    2. DROP BOTTOM PLUG


    START MIXING AND PUMPING CEMENT

    CEMENT SLURRY DISPLACES MUD OUT OF CASING

    3. BOTTOM PLUG PLUG LANDS ON


    FLOAT COLLAR CEMENT STILL FALLING

    4. CEMENT TURNS THE CORNER AND CIRCULATES


    OUT OF THE FLOAT SHOE INTO ANNULUS

    CEMENT SLURRY DISPLACES


    MUD OUT OF CASING

    CEMENT SLURRY DISPLACES


    MUD OUT OF ANNULUS

    CEMENTING: PLUG METHOD


    5. FINISH MIXING CEMENT AND DROP TOP PLUG
    START DISPLACING WITH MUD

    6. DISPLACE DESIRED RATE TO ACHIEVE MUD REMOVAL


    IN ANNULUS AND TO CATCH UP CEMENT FREE FALL.

    CEMENT SLURRY DISPLACES MUD OUT OF ANNULUS

    MUD DISPLACES CEMENT OUT OF CASING

    7. TOP PLUG PLUG LANDS ON FLOAT COLLAR,


    STOP PUMPING. SHUT-IN, HANG-OFF CASING, WOC

    8. WHEN CEMENT IS SET AND COMPRESSIVE


    STRENGTH DEVELOPS. RUN IN HOLE WITH BIT

    CEMENT SLURRY RETURNS MAY


    BE SEEN IF CEMENTING TO SURFACE

    BIT ON BOTTOM DRILLS OUT FLOAT


    SHOE AND STARTS TO DRILL NEW HOLE

    CEMENTING: INNER STRING


    METHOD
    1. MUD BEING CIRCULATED THROUGH DRILL PIPE
    TO CONDITION THE HOLE PRIOR TO CEMENTING

    2. START MIXING AND PUMPING


    CEMENT SLURRY

    CEMENT SLURRY DISPLACES MUD OUT OF DRILL PIPE


    3. CEMENT TURNS THE CORNER AND CIRCULATES
    OUT OF THE FLOAT SHOE INTO ANNULUS

    4. WHEN CEMENT RETURNS ARE SEEN AT


    SURFACE, STOP MIXING CEMENT

    CEMENT SLURRY DISPLACES


    MUD OUT OF ANNULUS

    CEMENT SLURRY DISPLACES


    MUD OUT OF ANNULUS

    CEMENTING: INNER STRING


    METHOD
    5. DROP DRILL PIPE WIPER DART
    AND DISPLACE CEMENT WITH MUD

    7. UNSTING FROM COLLAR AND REVERSE


    CIRCULATE MUD TO CLEAN OUT DRILL PIPE

    6. WHEN DRILL PIPE WIPER DART LATCHES


    INTO COLLAR STOP PUMPING

    8. WAIT FOR CEMENT TO SET PULL OUT OF HOLE


    WITH DRILL PIPE RUN IBACK IN HOLE WITH BIT

    DRILL OUT SHOE AND START DRILLING


    NEW HOLE SECTION

    STAGE CEMENTING
    1. MUD BEING CIRCULATED TO CONDITION
    THE HOLE PRIOR TO CEMENTING

    3. DROP FIRST STAGE SEALING PLUG AND


    DISPLACE CEMENT WITH MUD UNTIL PLUG BUMPS

    CEMENT DISPLACES MUD OUT OF ANNULUS

    2. DROP BOTTOM BY-PASS PLUG,


    MIX AND PUMP FIRST STAGE CEMENT

    4. LOAD STAGE TOOL OPENING BOMB AND STAGE


    TOOL CLOSING PLUG INTO THE CEMENT HEAD

    STAGE CEMENTING
    5. DROP STAGE OPENING BOMB. OPEN STAGE TOOL
    CIRCULATING PORTS. CIRCULATE OUT EXCESS CEMENT

    6. CIRCULATE MUD TO CONDITION THE HOLE


    WHILST WAITING ON CEMENT TO SET.

    WAIT ON CEMENT UNTIL FIRST STAGE HAS SET

    IF LOSSES WILL OCCUR WAIT UNTIL CEMENT SETS


    BEFORE CIRCULATING

    7. MIX AND PUMP SECOND STAGE


    CEMENT SLURRY

    8. DROP SECOND STAGE CLOSING PLUG AND DISPLACE


    CEMENT WITH MUD. BUMP PLUG AND CLOSE PORTS

    WAIT ON CEMENT UNTIL SECOND


    STAGE HAS SET. RUN IN HOLE WITH BIT.

    LINER CEMENTING
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?

    DEFINITION OF A LINER
    TYPES OF LINER
    LINER TOOLS
    LINER CEMENT SLURRIES
    PROBLEMS IN LINER CEMENTING
    MISCELLANEOUS

    DEFINITION OF A LINER
    ? A LINER IS ANY STRING OF CASING
    WHICH RUNS FROM THE BOTTOM OF
    THE WELL BACK UP INSIDE ANOTHER
    CASING STRING, BUT DOES NOT COME
    BACK TO THE SURFACE.

    DEFINITION OF A LINER
    ? EXCEPTIONS:
    ? TIE-BACK SCAB LINER IS INSTALLED
    ON TOP OF PREVIOUS LINER.
    ? TIE-BACK CASING IS USUALLY
    CLASSED AS LINER.
    ? A SCAB LINER MAY BE INSTALLED
    SOMEWHERE OTHER THAN THE
    BOTTOM OF THE WELL.

    TYPES OF LINER
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?
    ?

    DRILLING LINERS
    PRODUCTION LINERS
    TIE-BACK (STUB LINERS)
    TIE BACK CASING
    SCAB LINERS

    LINER TERMINOLOGY
    PLUG DROPPING
    HEAD
    DRILL PIPE
    WIPER DART
    DRILL PIPE
    CASING ANNULUS

    STINGER

    LINER
    INTERMEDIATE
    ANNULUS
    (OVER LAP OR LAP)

    CEMENTING
    MANIFOLD
    INTERMEDIATE
    CASING
    DRILL PIPE

    PACK-OFF
    (SEAL)
    LINER HANGER
    (PACKER OPTIONAL)
    WIPER PLUG
    SHEAR TYPE
    INTERMEDIATE
    CASING SHOE

    LINER CASING

    OPEN HOLE
    LINER/OPEN
    HOLE ANNULUS

    LANDING COLLAR
    (FOR PLUG)
    FLOAT COLLAR
    FLOAT SHOE
    (SET SHOE)
    FLOW DIRECTION

    LINER CEMENTING
    1. MUD BEING CIRCULATED THROUGH DRILL PIPE AND
    LINER TO CONDITION THE HOLE PRIOR TO CEMENTING

    2. PUMP SPACER START MIXING AND PUMPING


    CEMENT SLURRY

    CEMENT SLURRY DISPLACES MUD OUT OF DRILL PIPE

    3. FINISH MIXING CEMENT AND DROP DRILL PIPE


    WIPER DART, START TO DISPLACE WITH MUD

    4. DRILL PIPE WIPER DART LATCHES INTO LINER


    WIPER PLUG

    SPACER AND CEMENT SLURRY


    DISPLACES MUD OUT OF LINER

    SPACER AND CEMENT SLURRY


    DISPLACES MUD OUT OF ANNULUS

    LINER CEMENTING
    5. LINER WIPER PLUG SHEARS AND
    DISPLACES CEMENT OUT OF LINER

    6. PLUG BUMPS ON BAFFLE COLLAR


    END OF CEMENT JOB

    CEMENT AND SPACER DISPLACEMUD FROM LINER LAP

    SPACER AND CEMENT IN CASING/DRILL PIPE


    ANNULUS ABOVE LINER HANGER

    7. RELEASE DRILL PIPE AND SETTING TOOL


    FROM HANGER AND LINER

    8. PULL DRILL PIPE UP HOLE AND REVERSE CIRCULATE


    LEAVING CEMENT PLUG ON TOP OF LINER

    SPACER AND CEMENT SLURRY U-TUBES


    FROM ANNULUS BACK INTO THE DRILL PIPE

    MUD CONTAMINATED CEMENT AT TOP OF PLUG.


    PULL OUT OF HOLE AND WAIT ON CEMENT

    TIE-BACK LINER AND PACKER


    TIE BACK PACKER
    TIE BACK LINER

    TIE BACK COLLAR


    (SEAL BORE
    RECEPTACLE)
    LINER HANGER

    CENTRALIZERS

    INTERMEDIATE
    CASING SHOE

    TIE BACK PACKER


    ? USED TO REPAIR A LEAKING LINER
    TOP.
    ? WHERE GAS HAS PENETRATED THE
    CEMENT (GAS MIGRATION).
    ? PACKER RUN AFTER LINER IS
    CEMENTED AND CLEANED OUT.

    LINER HANGERS
    ? MECHANICAL SET.
    ? HAS A JAY LATCH THAT HOLDS
    SLIPS IN THE RETRACTED
    POSITION.
    ? AT SETTING DEPTH LINER IS
    RAISED A FEW INCHES.
    ? DRILL PIPE TURNED TO THE LEFT
    TO UN-LATCH THE JAY.
    ? RUNNING STRING IS LOWERED TO
    TRANSFER WEIGHT TO SLIPS.

    MECHANICAL SET LINER


    HANGER

    Mechanical Slips

    Drag Springs

    J-Slot

    LINER HANGERS
    ? HYDRAULIC SET.
    ? SET BY HYDRAULIC PRESSURE IN RUNNING
    STRING.
    ? DROP SETTING BALL WHICH LANDS BELOW
    HANGER IN CATCHER SUB.
    ? FLUID PRESSURE ACTS ON ANNULAR PISTON.
    ? PISTON DRIVES SLIPS AND WEDGES THEM
    BETWEEN CONES AND CASING WALL.
    ? CAN MOVE LINER DURING JOB BY SETTING WITH
    WIPER PLUG PRESSURE.

    HYDRALIC SET LINER


    HANGER

    Hydraulic Slips

    LINER WIPER PLUGS


    ? PUMP DOWN PLUG.
    ? SEPARATES CEMENT AND
    DISPLACING FLUID IN THE DRILL
    PIPE.
    ? LATCHES AND SEALS INTO THE
    LINER WIPER PLUG.
    ? PRESSURE BUILD UP SHEARS
    RETAINING PINS AND RELEASES
    LINER WIPER PLUG.

    LINER WIPER PLUGS


    ? LINER WIPER PLUG.
    ? SEPARATES CEMENT AND DISPLACING FLUID INSIDE
    LINER.
    ? IS SHEAR PINNED AT BOTTOM OF SETTING TOOL OR
    HELD IN SPECIAL SUB BELOW SETTING TOOL.
    ? WHEN PUMP DOWN PLUG LATCHES IN SHEARS THE
    PINS ENTIRE ASSEMBLY MOVES DOWN HOLE.
    ? PLUG LANDS IN LANDING COLLAR, POSITIVELY LOCKS
    TO HELP PREVENT CEMENT BACK FLOW.

    LINER WIPER PLUGS

    Liner Wiper Plug


    Type 1

    Pump-Down Plug

    Liner Wiper Plug


    Type 2

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