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    Determination of Fiber

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    Laksilu Viduraga Peiris
    This document describes procedures for determining the fiber content of tea leaves. Crude fiber is determined by boiling a tea sample with acid and base to remove non-fiber components, then filtering, drying and weighing the insoluble residue. For the sample tested, crude fiber content was found to be 11.18%, which is below the tea board standard of 16.5%, indicating no adulteration. Acid detergent fiber is also measured using a similar process with an acid detergent solution, and was found to be 31.46% for the dried sample. Proper technique is discussed to ensure accurate fiber quantification.

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    Determination of Fiber

    Uploaded by

    Laksilu Viduraga Peiris
    17K views5 pages
    This document describes procedures for determining the fiber content of tea leaves. Crude fiber is determined by boiling a tea sample with acid and base to remove non-fiber components, then filtering, drying and weighing the insoluble residue. For the sample tested, crude fiber content was found to be 11.18%, which is below the tea board standard of 16.5%, indicating no adulteration. Acid detergent fiber is also measured using a similar process with an acid detergent solution, and was found to be 31.46% for the dried sample. Proper technique is discussed to ensure accurate fiber quantification.

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    This document describes procedures for determining the fiber content of tea leaves. Crude fiber is determined by boiling a tea sample with acid and base to remove non-fiber components, then filtering, drying and weighing the insoluble residue. For the sample tested, crude fiber content was found to be 11.18%, which is below the tea board standard of 16.5%, indicating no adulteration. Acid detergent fiber is also measured using a similar process with an acid detergent solution, and was found to be 31.46% for the dried sample. Proper technique is discussed to ensure accurate fiber quantification.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    17K views5 pages

    Determination of Fiber

    Uploaded by

    Laksilu Viduraga Peiris
    This document describes procedures for determining the fiber content of tea leaves. Crude fiber is determined by boiling a tea sample with acid and base to remove non-fiber components, then filtering, drying and weighing the insoluble residue. For the sample tested, crude fiber content was found to be 11.18%, which is below the tea board standard of 16.5%, indicating no adulteration. Acid detergent fiber is also measured using a similar process with an acid detergent solution, and was found to be 31.46% for the dried sample. Proper technique is discussed to ensure accurate fiber quantification.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    Determination of Fiber

    Name : T.L.V.Peiris
    Index No: GS/MSc/Food/3630/08
    Date Performed:07/11/2009

    Determination of crude fiber

    Introduction
    In the analysis of cellulose-containing foods, the determination of crude fiber is widely used.
    Crude fiber includes theoretically, materials that are indigestible in the human and animal
    organism. It is determined as material insoluble in dilute acid and dilute alkali under specific
    conditions.

    The basic method is based on procedure developed by Hennenberg, Stohmann, and Rautenberg
    in 1864 in Germany. In the determination, 2g of material are defatted with petroleum ether and
    boiled under reflux for exactly 30 min with 200ml of solution containing 1.25g of sulfuric acid
    per100ml of solution. The solution is filtered through linen or several layers of cheese cloth on a
    fluted funnel and washed with boiling water until the washings are no longer acid. The residue is
    transferred quantitatively to a beaker, and boiled for 30 min with 200 ml of solution containing
    1.25 g of carbonate-free sodium hydroxide per 100 ml. The final residue is filtered through a thin
    cut close pad of washed and ignited asbestos in a Gooch crucible, dried in an electric oven,
    weighed, incinerated, cooled and weighed again. The loss of weight is taken as crude fiber.

    The residue from a crude fiber determination contains about 97% cellulose and lignin. It does not
    represent, however, all the cellulose and lignin present initially. In addition, the crude fiber is a
    mixture of cellulosic materials and does not represent any specific compound or group of
    compounds.

    Despite its nonspecific composition, crude fiber is a useful parameter in food and feed analyses.
    Crude fiber is commonly used as an index of the feeding value of poultery and stock feeds, to
    evaluate the efficiency of milling and separating bran from starchy endosperm and in the
    chemical determination of succulence of fresh vegetables and fruits.

    Materials and Method

    Materials

    Round bottom flask


    Beaker
    Reflux condenser
    Sintered cursible (gooch crucible)
    Asbestos wool
    Desicator
    Heating mantle
    Weighing balance
    Sulphuric acid-dil
    Sodium hydroxide
    Litmus Paper
    Tea leaves
    Method

    Determination of Fiber Page 2


    2g of tea was weighed into a 1 liter conical flask. Then 200ml of boiling H2SO4 and boil for 30
    mins over a bunen burner while swirling occasionally to remove solids from adhereing to the
    solids from adhering to the sides of the flask.

    The hot solution was decanted through Buchner funnel fitted with whatman 52 filter paper. All
    residues was transferred and rinsed with boiling water until no colour change in litmus paper.

    Then the residue was transferred by using 200 ml 1.25% NaOH solution into a 1liter flask and
    brought to boil and maintained a gentle ebullition for 30 mins and filtered through rapid
    hardened filter paper and transferred the fiber quantitatively and washed with 1% HCl until the
    filtrate is free from alkali followed by distilled water ,15ml of alcohol and 10ml of diethyl ether.

    Then the residue was quantitatively transferred to a tared crucible and sired in the oven at 105OC
    and weighed after cooling. Then this was incinerated at 5000C and weighed after cooling.

    Calculations

    Moisture Content

    Weight of Sample = 2.0701g

    Weight of Sample + Crucible = 15.3377g

    Dry sample + Crucible = 15.2036g

    Moisture Content = Weight Loss X 100


    Weight of sample

    = 15.3377g-15.2036g X 100

    2.0701

    = 6.47%

    Weight of sample taken for fiber Analysis = 2.0001g

    Dry weight of Sample = 2.001g X 93.53


    100
    = 1.8707 g

    Weight of empty crucible= 30.1927g

    Determination of Fiber Page 3


    Crucible+ filter paper = 30.8510g
    After drying at 105oC in oven = crucible+ Fiber + ash= 31.0640g (m1)
    After incinerating at 550oC = crucible+ ash= 30.1965g ( m2)

    Fiber % = m1-m2 X 100


    Sample

    = (31.0640g-30.8510g)-( 30.1965g – 30.1927g) X 100


    1.8707g

    = 11.18 %

    Determination of Acid Detergent Fiber

    Materials

    Volumetric flasks (100ml,200ml)


    Measuring Cylinder
    Heating Mantle
    Sintered glass crucible
    Refluxing system
    Sulphuric acid
    Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution (5g of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
    dissolved in 250ml 2M sulphuric acid)

    Method

    All glassware was cleaned and dried. 1g of tea sample was weighed and placed the materials in
    refluxing flask and 100ml of acid detergent solution was added. Then heated to boil and refluxed
    for 60 mins. Then removed the flask after cooling and filtered through a pre weighed crucible
    using minimum suction. Then washed twice with hot water (900C – 1000C) and then washed with
    acetone until no more colour is removed. Then dried at 105 oC for 3 hrs and weighed.

    Calculations

    Moisture content

    Weight of Sample = 1.004g

    Dry Weight = 1.004 X 93.53


    100
    = 0.9356g

    Wt of crucible = 136.8689g

    Determination of Fiber Page 4


    Sample + crucible = 136.6471 + 1.004g = 137.6511g

    Wt of crucible + Sample after oven drying = 137.1632g

    % fiber content = Wt. of crucible + Sample- Wt. of crucible X 100

    Wt. Sample taken

    = ( 137.1632- 136.8689) X 100


    0.9356
    = 31.46 % (on dry basis)

    Discussion

    The maximum amount of crude fiber that can be present in tea is 16.5%. The above values show
    that this is up to standards. The low level of crude fiber may be due to the reason since this is
    blended tea.

    The rate of heating should be gently boiled. Filtering should be done as soon as possible since
    late filtration generally results in lower results. To reduce evaporation losses during boiling the
    reflux condenser is used.

    In digestion except fiber others are dissolve in sulfuric acid and NaOH . Hemicelluloses get
    dissolve in dilute alkali while pectin and hydrocolloids dissolve in hot water. Protein is denatured
    and lost in strong acid treatment. But mineral matter donot get dissolve in above treatments. Due
    to this these remain with insoluble fiber matters. To avoid this error ash content is determined
    and deducts the amount of ash from the fiber.

    A tea board standard for crude fiber is 16.5%. The sample that tested has 11.18 % crude fiber
    content. Experiment value is less than the value of commercial value. Therefore the sample is not
    adulterated with other materials. Since tea doesn’t contain fat, sample wasn’t defatted. Samples
    should be transferred quantitatively to avoid the loss of fiber. In final filtration ash less filter
    paper must be used, otherwise fibers of the filter paper may added to the fiber content of the
    sample.

    Determination of Fiber Page 5

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