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    01 The Human Skeleton 2014 - Web

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    01 The Human Skeleton 2014 - Web

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    01 the human skeleton 2014 - web

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    192 views33 pages

    01 The Human Skeleton 2014 - Web

    Uploaded by

    api-240330821

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 33

    Support and Movement

    Junior Science
    Meet Barney!!
    Some Facts
    At birth we have 300 bones and in
    adulthood we have 206.
    The largest and strongest bone in our
    body is the Femur.
    The smallest bones are found in the Ear.
    We have about 650 muscles in our body
    The smallest skeletal muscles are the tiny muscles of the
    inner ear.
    The largest muscles are the big gluteus muscles of the
    buttocks.
    The strongest muscle is the masseter in the jaw

    Production
    Functions of the Skeleton
    Movement
    Protection
    Support
    Storage
    PROTECTION
    The skeleton protects vital
    organs such as the brain,
    heart and lungs.
    Movement
    Through its interaction
    with muscles the skeleton
    enables movement
    Support
    It supports the body
    and gives it shape.
    Production
    Red Blood cells are
    produced in the bone
    marrow of certain bones.
    Storage
    Bones act as a store
    for vital minerals such
    as calcium.
    Structure of Bone Tissue
    Bone is a living tissue
    Made of special cells called osteoblasts
    Bone which is hard and honeycombed in
    structure, compact bone is used for support
    Bone which is soft and spongy produces red
    blood cells.
    A membrane layer called the Periosteum
    covers the outside of bones.
    All bones store Minerals and Salts.
    Structure of Bone

    Neck

    Shaft

    Head
    Spongy
    bone


    Compact Bone





    Cartilage




    Periosteum





    Medullary
    Cavity



    What does bone consist of?
    Bone Composition
    Water
    Organic Materials
    Minerals Salts
    25%
    30%
    45%
    Minerals and Vitamins
    Calcium and Vitamin D





    are required for Healthy bones.

    Vitamin D Sources
    Vitamin D is produced
    through the action
    sunlight on chemicals in the
    skin.
    Fish and lean meats are a
    excellent source of vitamin D.
    Deficiency in Vitamin D
    causes Rickets where
    bones do not form properly.
    Rickets Vitamin D deficiency
    Rickets is a disorder
    caused by a lack of
    vitamin D, calcium, or
    phosphate.

    It leads to softening and
    weakening of the bones.
    Types of Bones
    Long - Support, produce red blood cells
    Short - allow rotation about a joint
    Flat - protect vital organs
    Irregular - protection
    Sesamoid - Prevents friction
    Long Bone
    Short Bone
    Flat Bone
    Irregular Bone
    Irregular Bone
    Sesamoid Bone
    Skeleton and Movement
    The skeleton can only
    move in conjunction
    with the muscular
    system
    Bones move at points
    called joints.
    Joints are formed
    when two bones meet.
    Types of Joints
    All skeletal movement occurs around a joint.
    There are three main types of joints:

    Immovable no movement between bones

    Slightly moveable limited movement (Vertebra)

    Moveable Movement between bones
    - Ball and Socket
    - Hinge
    - Pivot
    Moveable Joints
    Ball and Socket

    Hinge Joint

    Synovial Joints
    A Synovial joint protects
    bones at major joints.
    They contain cartilage and
    a fluid called Synovial fluid.
    This enables smooth
    movement of the joint.
    Examples of synovial joints
    include the hip, knee and
    shoulder.

    Tendons and Ligaments

    A ligament is a strong
    fibrous tissue which
    connects bone to
    bone.

    Tendons and Ligaments
    A tendon is a
    fibrous extension
    of a muscle
    connecting it to
    bone



    Muscles
    The term muscle
    comes from the Latin
    meaning little mouse.
    Muscle is a type of
    tissue similar to bone.
    There are different
    type of muscles
    Skeletal, Cardiac and
    Smooth.
    Functions of Muscles
    Muscles have many
    functions they:
    Produce Movement
    Maintain Posture
    Stabilise Joints
    Generate Heat

    How Muscles work
    The function of a muscle is to contract.
    Muscles receive electrical impulses from
    the nervous system which enable this
    contraction.
    Tendons prevent muscles from over
    stretching.
    Muscles always work in pairs.
    Muscle action in the Arm

    Muscle Pairs Antagonistic Pair
    Agonist
    the muscle that
    contracts and
    carrying out
    the work or
    movement


    Antagonist -
    the muscle
    which relaxes
    to enable the
    movement.
    Raising the Forearm
    Support and Movement Quiz

    Checklist..
    List and describe the functions of the skeleton.
    Name major bones in the body.
    Know and explain different types of joints and
    their functions
    Describe the structure, function and components
    of a Synovial joint.
    Describe the working of a hinge joint (elbow).
    Muscles involved, agonist, antagonist,
    Definition of a tendon and a ligament.

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