Chap 23 64 Regular Physics
Chap 23 64 Regular Physics
Chap 23 64 Regular Physics
Physics
Chapters 23 to 64
High School Questions
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13-02
13-03
13-04
13-05
13-06
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48 Molecular Structure
48-01 Bonding Mechanisms
48-02 Weak (van der Waals) Bonds
48-03 Polyatomic Molecules
48-04 Diatomic Molecules: Molecular Rotation and Vibration
48-05 Molecular Spectra
48-06 Electron Sharing and the Covalent
Bond
48-07 Bonding in Complex Molecules
48-99 Associated problems in Chapter 48
49 The Solid State
49-01 Bonding in Solids
49-02 Electrical Properties of Solids
49-03 Energy Levels in a Crystalline Solid
49-04 Insulators
49-05 Metals
49-06 Classical Free-Electron Model
49-07 Quantum Theory of Metals
49-08 Band Theory of Solids
49-09 Semiconductor Devices
49-10 Doped Semiconductors
49-11 The p-n Junction
49-12 The Junction Rectifier
49-13 The Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
49-14 Transistors and Integrated Circuits
49-99 Associated problems in Chapter 49
50 Superconductivity
50-01 Magnetism in Matter
50-02 A Brief History of Superconductivity
50-03 Some Properties of Type I Superconductors
50-04 Type II Superconductors
50-05 Other Properties of Superconductors
50-06 Electronic Specific Heat
50-07 BCS Theory
50-08 Energy Gap Measurements
50-09 Josephson Tunneling
50-10 High-Temperature Superconductivity
50-11 Applications of Superconductivity
50-99 Associated problems in Chapter 50
51 Nuclear Structure
51-01 Discovering the Nucleus
51-02 Some Nuclear Properties
51-03 Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces
51-04 Nuclear Models
51-05 Radioactivity
51-06 Decay Processes
51-07 Alpha Decay
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13
1. gravitational force
2. air pressure
3. electrical force
4. The dryer heat caused some of the fabrics
to melt together.
5. The clothes are electrically neutral.
Conceptual Q16 11
23:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
When combing your hair, you scuff electrons from your hair onto the comb.
Is your hair then positively or negatively
charged? What about the comb?
5. Neither is charged.
Hewitt CP9 22 E06
23:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
At some automobile toll-collecting stations,
a thin metal wire sticks up from the road and
makes contact with cars before they reach the
toll collector.
What is the purpose of this wire?
1. To discharge the automobile
2. To count the vehicles
3. To warn the drivers
4. To transfer electrons to the automobile
14
1. They are attracted to the five thousand billion positively charged protons in the
atomic nuclei of atoms in the penny.
1. decreases
2. increases
3. Doesnt change
4. Unable to determine
Hewitt CP9 22 E13
23:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
15
painted.
What does the phenomenon of polarization
have to do with this?
2. The paint particles in the mist are polarized and as such are attracted to the charged
chassis.
4. The car is magnetic; with some polarization of the paint, it will be easier for the paint
to be attracted to the car.
Holt SF 17Rev 03
23:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 17Rev 40
23:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Calculate the net charge on a substance
consisting of a combination of 7.0 1013 protons and 4.0 1013 electrons.
Holt SF 17Rev 42
23:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
One gram of copper has 9.48 1021 atoms,
and each copper atom has 29 electrons.
a) How many electrons are contained in
2.00 g of copper?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the total charge of these electrons?
16
17
Conceptual 24 Q05
23:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
How can a hole moving through a semiconductor be like an electric charge moving
through the same material?
1. If an electron moves into the hole, the
hole changes places with the electron.
2. A hole is a location of a proton.
Conceptual 24 Q10
23:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
How do we normally classify air?
Take the point of view of an electron moving among other electrons and atoms in a
material.
Describe your motion in an insulator.
1. electrical conductor
3. semiconductor
2. electrical insulator
4. superconductor
2. can move around but with difficulty
3. can move around freely with no limitations
Conceptual 24 Q03
23:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
18
5. None of these
Induced Metal Ball
19
20
21
When one material is rubbed against another, electrons jump readily from one to the
other.
Why dont protons do that?
Is it necessary for a charged body to actually touch the ball of the electroscope for the
leaves to diverge?
1. Yes; charged particles transfer to the ball
only with contact.
2. No; the charged particles will attract or
push electrons out of the ball.
5. None of these
Hewitt CP9 22 E14
23:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Can an object be charged negatively with
the help of a positively charged object?
1. Yes, by bringing the positively-charged
object near the object to be charged, then
discharging the far side
2. Yes, by bringing the positively-charged
object near the object to be charged, then
discharging the near side
3. Yes, by rubbing the two objects together
4. Yes, by letting the two objects touch each
other
5. No; negative charges can only be obtained
with other negatively charged objects.
Hewitt CP9 22 E16
22
4. F = 5/2 F
5. F = 5/4 F
Part 1 of 2
Two conducting spheres have identical
radii. Initially they have charges of opposite sign and unequal magnitudes with the
magnitude of the positive charge larger than
the magnitude of the negative charge. They
attract each other with a force of 0.108 N
when separated by 0.5 m.
Initial
++
++
6. F = 25 F
7. F = 50 F
8. F = 100 F
9. F = 25/2 F
10. F = 25/4 F
Conceptual 16 01
23:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Based on electric charges and separations, which of the following atomic bonds
is strongest? (You are interested only in the
relative strengths, which depend only on the
relative charges and distances.)
1. A +1 sodium atom separated by 2.0 distance units from a 1 chlorine atom in table
salt
2. A +1 hydrogen atom separated by 1.0
distance units from a 2 oxygen atom in table
salt
3. A +4 sodium atom separated by 1.5 distance units from a 2 oxygen atom in table
salt
Conceptual 16 02
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
1. F = 5 F
Part 1 of 3
Assume that in interstellar space the distance between two electrons is about 0.1 cm.
The electric force between the two electrons
is
2. F = 10 F
1. attractive.
3. F = 20 F
2. repulsive.
23
Part 3 of 3
Calculate the gravitational force between
these two protons.
1. Doubles
Conceptual 16 04
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
3. Quadruples
2. Triples
4. Halves
Part 1 of 2
Assume that you have two objects, one with
a mass of 10 kg and the other with a mass of
15 kg, each with a charge of 0.03 C and
separated by a distance of 2 m.
What is the electric force that these objects
exert on one another?
Conceptual Q16 02
23:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 2 of 2
What is the gravitational force between
them?
Conceptual 16 4
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
Conceptual Q16 03
23:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
5. No change
24
7.
8.
9.
Conceptual Q16 04
23:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
10.
Conceptual Q16 13
23:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
1. Double
2. Quadruple
3. Triple
4. Halve
5. Does not change
Part 1 of 2
Object A and object B are initially uncharged and separated by a distance of 2 meters. Suppose 10,000 electrons are removed
from object A and placed on object B, creating an electric force between A and B.
The electric force is
1. repulsive.
2.
2. attractive.
3. zero.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Part 2 of 2
An additional 10,000 electrons are removed
from A and placed on B.
By what factor does the electric force
change?
Conceptual Q16 20
23:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
25
Conceptual Q16 21
23:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
5. Doesnt change
Hewitt CP9 22 E20
23:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
How does the magnitude of the electrical
force between change a pair of charged particles when they are brought to half their
original distance of separation?
1. doubles
2. quadruples
26
5. Doesnt change
Hewitt CP9 22 E22
23:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Two equal charges exert equal forces on
each other.
What if one charge has twice the magnitude
of the other?
1. The bigger charge will exert a force twice
as strong.
2. The bigger charge will exert a force four
times as strong.
3. The smaller charge will exert a force twice
as strong.
Part 1 of 2
Two point charges are separated by 6 cm,
with an attractive force between them of 20 N.
Find the force between them when they are
separated by 12 cm. The Coulomb constant
is 8.99 109 N m2 /C2 .
Part 2 of 2
If the two charges have equal magnitude, what
is the magnitude of each charge for the original force of 20 N?
Hewitt CP9 22 P02
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
Two pellets, each with a charge of 1
106 C, are located 0.03 m apart.
The Coulomb constant is 8.99
109 N m2 /C2 and the universal gravitational constant is 6.67259 1011 m3 /kg s2 .
27
electrically neutral.
3. Because the distance between the Earth
and the moon is very large.
4. Because there is no electric charge on the
moon.
Hewitt CP9 22 R11
23:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
How is Coulombs law similar to Newtons
law of gravitation? How is it different?
1. Both forces vary inversely as the square of
the separation distance between the two objects; electrical forces may be either attractive
or repulsive, whereas gravitational forces are
only attractive.
2. Both forces are proportional to the product of the mass of the two objects; electrical
forces may be either attractive or repulsive,
whereas gravitational forces are only attractive.
3. Both forces are proportional to the same
constant; electrical forces are only present
on earth, whereas gravitational forces exist
everywhere.
4. Both forces vary inversely as the square
of the separation distance between the two
objects; electrical forces are only present on
earth, whereas gravitational forces can exist
everywhere.
5. Both forces are proportional to the product of the masses of the two objects; electrical
forces are only present on earth, whereas gravitational forces exist everywhere.
6. Both forces proportional to the same constant; electrical forces may be either attractive or repulsive, whereas gravitational forces
are only attractive.
Holt SF 17A 01
28
2. repulsive
3. Unable to determine
Part 3 of 4
c) How many excess electrons are on the negative cork?
Part 4 of 4
d) How many electrons has the positive cork
lost?
Holt SF 17A 04
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Two electrostatic point charges of
+60.0 C and +50.0 C exert a repulsive
force on each other of 175 N.
The Coulomb constant is 8.98755
109 N m2 /C2 .
What is the distance between the two
charges?
Holt SF 17B 01
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
Three point charges, q1 = +6.0 C, q2 =
+1.5 C, and q3 = 2.0 C, lie along the
x-axis at x = 0 cm, x = 3.0 cm, and x = 5.0
cm, respectively.
The Coulomb constant is 8.99
109 N m2 /C2 .
a) What is the force exerted on q1 by the
other two charges? (To the right is positive.)
Part 2 of 3
b) What is the force exerted on q2 by the other
two charges? (To the right is positive.)
Part 3 of 3
c) What is the force exerted on q3 by the other
two charges? (To the right is positive.)
Holt SF 17B 02
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wording-
Part 5 of 6
e) What is the magnitude of the net electric
force on the 9.0 C charge?
1. 5.07424 cm
Part 6 of 6
f) What is the direction of this force (as
an angle between 180 and 180 measured
from the positive x-axis, with counterclockwise positive)?
3. 5.07424 km
Holt SF 17C 01
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A charge of +2.00 109 C is placed at the
origin, and another charge of +4.00 109 C
is placed at x = 1.5 m.
The Coulomb constant is 8.98755
109 N m2 /C2 .
29
2. 5.07424 m
4. 50.7424 m
5. 0.507424 m
Holt SF 17Rev 18
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
At the point of fission, a nucleus of 235 U
that has 92 protons is divided into two smaller
spheres, each of which has 46 protons and a
radius of 5.9 1015 m.
The Coulomb constant is 8.98755
109 N m2 /C2 .
20
N/C
30
6. 94.359 N, attractive
Holt SF 17Rev 21
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
2. 3496.5 N
4. 4.12586 1011 N m
5. None of these
6. Unable to determine
Holt SF 17Rev 19
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
What is the electric force between a glass
ball that has +2.5 C of charge and a rubber
ball that has 5.0 C of charge when they are
separated by a distance of 5.0 cm?
The Coulomb constant is 8.98755
109 N m2 /C2 .
Holt SF 17Rev 20
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
An alpha particle (charge = +2.0 e) is sent
at high speed toward a gold nucleus (charge
= +79 e).
The Coulomb constant is 8.99
109 N m2 /C2 .
What is the electric force acting on the
alpha particle when the alpha particle is 2.0
1014 m from the gold nucleus?
1. 94.359 N, repulsive
2. 90.9069 N, repulsive
3. 90.9069 N, attractive
4. None of these
5. Unable to determine
3 nC
+
1m
N m/C
Part 1 of 2
Three positive point charges are arranged
in a triangular pattern in a plane, as shown
below.
The Coulomb constant is 8.98755
109 N m2 /C2 .
1m
3. 4.02599 10
34
1m
+
6 nC
+
2 nC
Find the magnitude of the net electric force
on the 6 nC charge.
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the direction of this force (measured from the positive x-axis as an angle between 180 and 180 , with counterclockwise
positive)?
Holt SF 17Rev 22
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Two positive point charges, each of which
has a charge of 2.5 109 C, are located at
y = +0.50 m and y = 0.50 m.
The Coulomb constant is 8.98755
109 N m2 /C2 .
a) Find the magnitude of the resultant electrical force on a charge of 3.0 109 C located
at x = 0.70 m.
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the direction of this force (measured from the positive x-axis as an angle be-
Holt SF 17Rev 23
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
1. 6.71571 1013 C
3. 4.71571 1013 C
Holt SF 17Rev 24
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A charge of +3.5 nC and a charge of +5.0
nC are separated by 40.0 cm.
Find the equilibrium position for a 6.0 nC
charge as a distance from the first charge.
Holt SF 17Rev 45
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
1.0 g of hydrogen contains 6.02 1023
atoms, each with one electron and one proton. Suppose that 1 g of hydrogen is separated into protons and electrons, that the
protons are placed at Earths north pole, and
that the electrons are placed at Earths south
pole.
Find the magnitude of the resulting compressional force on Earth. (The radius of
Earth is approximately 6.38 106 m.)
Holt SF 17Rev 47
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
The moon (m = 7.36 1022 kg) is bound to
Earth (m = 5.98 1024 kg) by gravity.
The
Coulomb
constant
is
8.98755 109 N m2 /C2 .
If, instead, the force of attraction were the
result of each having a charge of the same
magnitude but opposite in sign, find the quan-
31
2. 5.71649 1013 C
4. 5.71649 1014 C
5. 5.71649 1012 C
Holt SF 17Rev 48
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Two small metallic spheres, each with a
mass of 0.200 g, are suspended as pendulums
by light strings from a common point. They
are given the same electric charge, and the
two come to equilibrium when each string is
at an angle of 5.0 with the vertical.
The Coulomb constant is 8.98755
109 N m2 /C2 , and the acceleration of gravity
is 9.81 m/s2 .
If each string is 30.0 cm long, what is the
magnitude of the charge on each sphere?
Holt SF 17Rev 59
23:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Three identical point charges hang from
three strings, as shown.
The Coulomb constant is 8.98755
109 N m2 /C2 , and the acceleration of gravity
is 9.81 m/s2 .
45 45
30.0 cm
+q
+
0.10 kg
30.0 cm
+q
+q
+
0.10 kg
+
0.10 kg
Fg
32
2. EC
3. EC
4. EC
5. EC
a
QD = q
7. EC
QC = q
kq
2 2 .
a
kq
= 2 2 .
a
kq
=2 2 2 .
a
3
kq
=
2
.
2
a2
3 kq
.
=
2 a2
9 kq
.
=
4 a2
kq
= 3 2
.
a2
kq
=3 2 .
a
kq
=3 2 2 .
a
1 kq
=
.
3 2 a2
1. EC = 4
6. EC
O
33
8. EC
9. EC
1. EO = 4
10. EC
2. EO
Part 3 of 6
Determine the absolute value of tan , where
is the angle between the horizontal and the
electric field at C due to the three charges at
A, B, and D.
2 21
1. | tan | =
2 2+1
2. | tan | = 2 2 1
3. | tan | = 2 2 + 1
2 2+1
4. | tan | =
2 21
1
5. | tan | =
2 21
6. | tan | = 2
3. EO
4. EO
5. EO
6. EO
7. EO
8. EO
9. EO
10. EO
Part 2 of 6
The magnitude of the electric field EC at C
due to the 3 charges at A, B, and D is given
by
1
7. | tan | =
2
8. | tan | =
9. | tan | = 1
10. | tan | = 3
1
2+1
Part 4 of 6
Consider charges in a square again, but this
time with a different assignment of charges
(shown in the figure below).
QA = q
QB = q
O
QD = q
2. EO
3. EO
4. EO
5. EO
6. EO
7. EO
8. EO
9. EO
10. EO
QC = q
kq
=4 2
a
kq
= 2 2
a
kq
=2 2 2
a
kq
= 2
a
1 kq
=
2 a2
1 kq
=
5 2 a2
1 kq
=
4 2 a2
kq
=3 2
a
kq
=3 2 2
a
1 kq
=
3 2 a2
Part 5 of 6
Find the electric field EC at C due to the 3
charges at A, B, and D for the setup in the
previous Part.
kq
a2
kq
2. EC = 2 2
a
kq
3. EC = 2 2
a
1. EC = 4
5. EC =
kq
a2
2+
1
2
kq
a2
5 kq
2 a2
7 kq
=
4 2 a2
kq
=3 2
a
kq
=3 2 2
a
1 kq
=
3 2 a2
6. EC =
7. EC
8. EC
Find EO at O .
1. EO
4. EC =
34
9. EC
10. EC
Part 6 of 6
Again, determine tan , where as the angle
between the horizontal and the electric field
at C due to the three charges at A, B, and D.
2 21
1. tan =
2 2+1
2. tan = 2 2 1
3. tan = 2 2 + 1
2 2+1
4. tan =
2 21
1
5. tan =
2 21
6. tan = 2
1
7. tan =
2
8. tan =
1
2+1
9. tan = 1
10. tan = 3
Conceptual 17 01
23:07, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 4
The electric field at a point in space is
defined as the force per unit charge at that
35
6. upward
Conceptual Q16 08
23:07, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
Two small spheres carry equal amounts of
electric charge. There are equally spaced
points (a , b , and c) which lie along the same
line.
a
c
b
What is the direction of the net electric field
at each point due to these charges?
1.
2. north
3. east
2.
4. west
5. downward
3.
6. upward
Part 3 of 4
You hair acquired an equal amount of positive
charge when you rubbed the balloon on your
head.
What is the strength of the electric field
created by your head, at the location of your
feet, 1.5 meters below?
4.
Part 4 of 4
What is the direction of that electric field?
6.
1. south
5.
7.
2. north
3. east
4. west
5. downward
8.
9.
10.
Part 1 of 2
Two charged particles of equal magnitude
(+Q and Q) are fixed at opposite corners of
a square that lies in a plane (see figure below).
A test charge q is placed at a third corner.
+Q
q
Q
What is the direction of the force on the
test charge due to the two other charges?
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Part 2 of 2
Let the side of the square be a. What is the
magnitude of the electric field at the location
of q due to the two charges: +Q and Q.
1. 0
1.
36
kQ
a2
kQ
3. 2 2
a
kQ
4. 3 2
a
kQ
5. 2 2
a
kqQ
6. 2 2
a
kQ
7.
a
kQ
8. 2
a
kQ
9. 3
a
kQ
10. 2
a
2.
37
38
READ AND DELETE: Comments by Yeung (21217). Solution code forgot to take
absolute value. The second part of the problem asks for the magnitude of the force on a
test charge but the some of the answers were
negative.
Consider three charges arranged as
shown.
The Coulomb constant is
8.99 109 N m2 /C2 .
6 C
1.5 C
+
3 cm
2 C
-
2 cm
0.3 m
5.0 nC
+
6.0 nC
0.1 m
3.0 nC
What is the net electric force on the charge
at the origin?
Part 3 of 4
What is the magnitude of the net electric field
at the position of the charge at the origin?
Part 4 of 4
What is the direction of the net electric field
(as an angle between 180 and +180 measured from the positive x-axis, with counterclockwise positive).
Holt SF 17Rev 50
23:07, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Three positive charges are arranged as
shown.
The Couloumb constant is 8.99
9
10 N m2 /C2 .
0.20 m
6.0 nC
+
3.0 nC
+
+
5.0 nC
39
150.0 +
30.0
270.0
+
q
What is the resultant electric field at the
center?
1. 0.0561875 N/C at 90
2. 0 N/C
3. 0.0561875 N/C at 270
4. 22.475 N/C at 90
5. 22.475 N/C at 270
6. 0.112375 N/C at 90
7. 0.112375 N/C at 270
8. None of these
0.60 m
Find the magnitude of the electric field at
the fourth corner of the rectangle.
Holt SF 17Rev 61
23:07, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
normal.
Part 2 of 2
What is the direction of this electric field (as
an angle between 180 and 180 measured
from the positive x-axis, with counterclockwise positive)?
In a laboratory experiment, five equal negative point charges are placed symmetrically
around the circumference of a circle of radius
r, with one at 0 .
Calculate the electric field at the center of
the circle. (Assume right and upward are
positive.)
Holt SF 17Rev 56
23:07, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Three identical charges (q = +5.0 C) are
along a circle with a radius of 2.0 m at angles
1. kC
q
at 0
r2
2. 0 N/C
q
at 180
r2
5q
at 180
r2
(5q)2
at 0
r2
6. Unable to determine
7. None of these
Three Conducting Spheres
23:07, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Consider three identical conducting spheres
of radius 1 cm arranged in an equilateral triangle.
10
cm
4C
1 C
7C
If the spheres are all connected by a thin
wire, what is the final charge on the lower
left-hand sphere?
Three Point Charges 14
23:07, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Three equal charges of 4 C are in the x-y
plane. One is placed at the origin, another is
placed at (0.0, 30 cm), and the last is placed
at (15 cm, 0.0). The Coulomb constant is
9 109 N m2 /C2 .
Calculate the magnitude of the force on the
charge at the origin.
40
41
Chapter 23, section 12, Electric Field Due to a Continuous Charge Distribution
Concept 34 E37
23:12, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Consider a fusion torch.
If a star-hot flame is positioned between a
pair of large electrically charged plates (one
positive and the other negative) and materials
dumped into the flame are dissociated into
bare nuclei and electrons, in which direction
will the nuclei move? In which direction will
the electrons move?
1. both toward the positive plate
2. toward the positive plate; toward the negative plate
3. toward the negative plate; toward the
positive plate
4. both toward the negative plate
Holt SF 17Rev 53
23:12, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Air becomes a conductor when the electric
field strength exceeds 3.00 106 N/C.
Determine the maximum amount of charge
that can be carried by a metal sphere 2.0 m
in radius. The value of the Coulomb constant
is 8.99 109 N m2 /C2 .
42
43
field Enet is
1. aligned with the negative x-axis.
2. aligned with the negative y-axis.
Given rectangular insulators with uniformly charged distributions of equal magnitude as shown in the figure below, find the
net electric field at the origin.
++
++
++
++
++
++
++++
In the figure above, at the origin, the net
field Enet is
x
In the figure above, at the origin, the net
44
y
++++
+
x
+
+++++
In the figure above, at the origin, the net
field Enet is
1. aligned with the positive x-axis.
2. aligned with the negative x-axis.
3. aligned with the negative y-axis.
4. aligned with the positive y-axis.
5. non-zero and is not aligned with either
the x- or y-axis.
15
5. 5.12 10
6. 5.12 10
109 N m2 /C2 .
Find the magnitude of the electric force
acting on the electron.
Part 2 of 2
What is the magnitude of the electric field
strength?
Holt SF 17Rev 49
23:15, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
What is the magnitude of the electric field
that will balance the weight of an electron?
The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 .
34
34
Part 2 of 2
What is the electric force on a proton in this
field?
1. 20000 N, along the negative x-axis
45
34
Holt SF 17Rev 41
23:15, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
An electron moving through an electric
field experiences an acceleration of 6300
103 m/s2 .
The value of the Coulomb constant is 8.99
8. Unable to determine
Part 2 of 2
What is the magnitude of the electric field
that will balance the weight of a proton?
1. 1.02576 107 N/C upward
2. 1.02576 107 N/C downward
3. 5.58496 1011 N/C downward
4. 5.58496 1011 N/C upward
5. 5.13158 108 N/C downward
6. 5.13158 108 N/C upward
46
7. None of these
8. Unable to determine
cm
.4
10
Holt SF 17Rev 55
23:15, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
9.81 m/s2
11000 N/C
2g
a) Is the balls charge positive or negative?
1. positive
1. 340000 N/C
2. negative
2. 5.44 1014 N
3. Unable to determine
3. 1.088 1013 N
4. 680000 N
5. 1.36 1014 N
Holt SF 17Rev 57
23:15, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
An object with a net charge of 24 C is
placed in a uniform electric field of 610 N/C,
directed vertically.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 .
What is the mass of this object if it floats
in this electric field?
Holt SF 17Rev 60
23:15, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A very small 2 g plastic ball (carrying a
charge) is suspended by a 10.4 cm string in a
uniform electric field of 11000 N/C, as shown.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 .
38
Part 2 of 2
b) If the ball is in equilibrium when the string
makes a 38 angle with the vertical as indicated, what is the net charge on the ball?
Chapter 23, section 17, Motion of Charged Particles in a Uniform Electric Field
Holt SF 17Rev 51
23:17, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
An electron and a proton are each placed
at rest in an external uniform electric field of
520 N/C.
The mass of an electron is 9.109 1031 kg
and its charge is 1.6 1019 C .
a) Calculate the speed of the electron after
48 ns.
Part 2 of 2
b) Calculate the speed of the proton after 48
ns.
The mass of a proton is 1.673 1027 kg
and the charge on a proton is 1.6 1019 C .
Holt SF 17Rev 58
23:17, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
A proton accelerates from rest in a uniform
electric field of 640 N/C. At some time later,
its speed is 1.20 106 m/s.
The mass of a proton is 1.673 1027 kg
and the charge of an electron 1.6 1019 C .
a) What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the proton?
Part 2 of 4
b) How long does it take the proton to reach
this speed?
Part 3 of 4
c) How far has it moved in this time interval?
Part 4 of 4
d) What is its kinetic energy at the later
time?
Holt SF 17Rev 62
23:17, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
47
Chapter 23, section 17, Motion of Charged Particles in a Uniform Electric Field
Holt SF 17Rev 66
23:17, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
A constant electric field directed along the
positive x-axis has a strength of 2.0103 N/C.
a) Find the electric force exerted on a proton by the field.
Part 2 of 3
b) Find the acceleration of the proton.
Part 3 of 3
c) Find the time required for the proton to
reach a speed of 1.00 106 m/s, assuming it
starts from rest.
Holt SF 17Rev 68
23:17, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Each of the protons in a particle beam has
a kinetic energy of 3.25 1015 J.
What electric field strength will stop these
protons in a distance of 1.25 m?
48
49
50
51
5. None of these
Kinetic Energy 02
25:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
An object with a charge 1 C and a mass
0.2 kg accelerates from rest to a speed of
10 m/s.
Calculate the kinetic energy gained.
Part 2 of 2
Through how large a potential difference
did the object fall?
Potential Diff
25:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
The work needed to carry a 1 C charge from
point A to point B is 10 J.
Calculate the potential difference between
point A and B.
Potential Energy and Potential
25:02, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
Assume: An electric field set up by an
unknown charge distribution.
U0 is the amount of work needed to bring a
point charge of charge q0 in from infinity to a
point P .
If the charge q0 is returned to infinity, how
much work W would it take to bring a new
charge q = 4 q0 from infinity to point P ?
1. W = 8 U0
2. W = 4 U0
3. W = 2 U0
4. W = U0
5. W =
U0
2
8. W = 0
9. More information is needed.
10. The correct answer is not given.
Part 2 of 3
What is the electric potential V at point P ?
1. V = 4 U0 q0
2. V = U0 q0
3. V =
U 0 q0
4
4. V = U0
4 U0
q0
U0
6. V =
q0
U0
7. V =
4 q0
5. V =
8. V = 0
9. More information is needed.
10. The correct answer is not given.
Part 3 of 3
If point P in Part 1 is at a distance a along
the x-axis, how much work W would it take to
bring the charge q0 to a point P at a distance
4 a along the x-axis?
1. W = 8 U0
2. W = 4 U0
3. W = 2 U0
4. W = U0
U0
2
U0
6. W =
4
U0
7. W =
8
5. W =
8. W = 0
9. More information is needed.
10. The correct answer is not given.
52
+Q
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
53
+Q
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Q
54
Part 4 of 6
+Q
+Q
+Q
55
56
+ vA = 0 v0
+ +
0.5 m
+
B
+ A
+
Apply the principle of energy conservation to find the amount of the kinetic energy
gained after it has moved 0.5 m.
Holt SF 18Rev 36
25:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A proton is accelerated from rest through a
potential difference of 25700 V.
a) What is the kinetic energy of this proton
after this acceleration?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the speed of the proton after this
acceleration?
Holt SF 18Rev 37
25:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A proton is accelerated from rest through a
potential difference of 120 V.
Calculate the final speed of this proton.
Holt SF 18B 01
25:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Holt SF 18Rev 42
25:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 18Rev 29
25:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
At some distance from a point charge, the
electric potential is 600.0 V and the magnitude of the electric field is 200.0 N/C.
The value of the Coulomb constant is
8.98755 109 N m2 /C2 and the acceleration
of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 .
a) Determine the distance from the charge.
Part 2 of 2
Holt SF 18Rev 44
25:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A proton is accelerated through a potential
difference of 4.5 106 V.
a) How much kinetic energy has the proton
acquired?
Part 2 of 2
b) If the proton started at rest, how fast is it
moving?
Holt SF 18Rev 45
57
58
Part 1 of 3
Four charges are placed at the corners of
a square of side a, with Q1 = Q2 = q,
Q3 = Q4 = +q, where q is positive. Initially
there is no charge at the center of the square.
Q2 = q
Q3 = +q
Part 3 of 3
The magnitude of the total electrostatic
energy of the final 5 charge system is given by
(Hint: It may be useful to consider the
symmetry property of the charge distribution
which leads to cancellations among several
terms).
Qi = 0
a
Qf = +q
Q1 = q
Q4 = +q
2. U
3. U
4. U
5. U
1. W = 0
2. W =
3. W =
4. W =
5. W =
6. W =
7. W =
8. W =
9. W =
10. W =
k q2
2 2 .
a
k q2
= 2
.
a
k q2
=2 2 .
a
k q2
= 2 2 .
a
k q2
=2 2 2 .
a
2
kq
=4
.
a
k q2
=2
.
a
k q2
=4 2 .
a
k q2
=4 2
.
a
k q2
=8 2 .
a
1. U = 4
4 k q2
a2
2 k q2
a2
2 k q 2
a2
4 k q 2
a2
4 k q2
a
2 k q2
a
2 k q 2
a
4 k q 2
a
8 k q2
a2
Part 2 of 3
If the charge of q is 5 C and the length of
6. U
7. U
8. U
9. U
10. U
q3 = +q
4. U
5. U
q1 = q
q4 = +q
4 k q2
a2
2 k q2
a2
2 k q 2
a2
4 k q 2
a2
4 k q2
a
2 k q2
a
2 k q 2
a
4 k q 2
a
8 k q2
a2
Part 2 of 2
The magnitude of the total electrostatic energy of the final 5 charge system is given by
(Hint: It may be useful to consider the
symmetry property of the charge distribution
which leads to cancellations among several
terms.)
k q2
1. U = 4 2 2 .
a
k q2
2
.
a
k q2
=2 2 .
a
k q2
= 2 2 .
a
k q2
=2 2 2 .
a
2
kq
.
=4
a
k q2
.
=2
a
k q2
=4 2 .
a
k q2
.
=4 2
a
k q2
=8 2 .
a
2. U =
3. U
59
6. U
7. U
8. U
9. U
10. U
q1 = q
q4 = +q
4 k q2
a2
2 k q2
a2
2 k q 2
a2
4 k q 2
a2
4 k q2
a
2 k q2
a
2 k q 2
a
4 k q 2
a
8 k q2
a2
6. U =
+Q
+Q
2. U =
3. U =
k Q2
k Q2
3
k Q2
5. U =
3
4. U =
k Q2
8. U =
2
k Q2
9. U =
2
k Q2
k Q2
7. U = k Q2
1. U = 0
60
61
time?
8.0 C
cm
4.0
4.0
cm
Holt SF 18Rev 14
25:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
0.20 m
0.35 m
8.0 C
12 C
5.0 109 C
5.0 109 C
2.0 cm
Calculate the electric potential at the midpoint of the base if the magnitude of the positive charge is 4.0 109 C and the magnitude
of the negative charges are 5.0 109 C.
Holt SF 18Rev 40
25:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 18Rev 31
25:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A charge of 3.00 109 C is at the origin
of a coordinate system, and a charge of 8.00
109 C is on the x-axis at 2.00 m. There are
two locations on the x-axis, where the electric
potential is zero.
a) Find the location of the point between
the charges.
Part 2 of 2
b) Find the location of the point to the left of
the y axis.
8.0 C
+
6.0 cm
3.0 cm
+
2.0 C
+
4.0 C
60
P
+q
q
Remove q to infinity. What is the work
done (against the electric force due to 2q and
q) in bringing in charge q from the infinity to
the point bottom right vertex of the triangle.
q2
a
2. U = 0
3. U
4. U
5. U
6. U
7. U
8. U
q2
a
q2
7. U = 3 k
a
q2
8. U = 4 k
a
6. U = 3 k
1. U = k
q2
= k
a
q2
= 2k
a
q2
= 2 k
a
2
q
= 3k
a
q2
= 3 k
a
2
q
= 4k
a
Part 2 of 2
The total electric energy stored in the triangular system is
Aq
q2 B
2. U = 0
6. WB =
q2
a
q2
4. U = 2 k
a
q2
5. U = 2 k
a
q2
1. U = k
a
3. U = k
62
7. WB =
8. WB =
9. WB =
kq
L2
k q2
L
k q2
2L
k q2
2 L2
k q2
L2
k q2
2 L2
kq
2 L2
k q2
2L
kq
2 L2
63
64
65
7R
7
r2
=
= .
r1
4R
4
The two spheres are separated by a large
distance so that the field and the potential at
the surface of sphere #1 only depends on the
charge on #1 and the corresponding quantities on #2 only depend on the charge on
#2.
Place an equal amount of charge on both
spheres, q1 = q2 = Q .
r2
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
q1
#1
q2
8.
#2
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
V2
V1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
4
7
7
4
7
2
7
8
16
49
49
16
49
8
49
32
V2
=1
V1
Part 2 of 2
E2
What is the ratio of the electric fields
at
E1
the surfaces of the two spheres?
6.
r1
66
9.
E2
E1
E2
E1
E2
E1
E2
E1
E2
E1
E2
E1
E2
E1
E2
E1
E2
E1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
16
49
49
16
49
8
49
32
4
7
7
4
7
2
7
8
=1
Chapter 25, section 10, Calculating the Field from the Potential
Holt SF 18Rev 32
25:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A 12 V battery is connected across two
parallel metal plates separated by 0.30 cm.
Find the magnitude of the electric field.
67
Chapter 25, section 14, The Van de Graaff Generator and Other Applications
68
Part 3 of 3
Find the magnitude of the electric field
strength at a distance of 4.0 m from the center
of the dome.
Holt SF 17Rev 54
25:14, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
Given : mp = 1.673 1027 kg
qp = 1.60218 10
19
and
C.
69
70
Holt SF 18C 04
26:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 18Rev 33
26:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A parallel-plate capacitor has an area of
5.00 cm2 and the plates are separated by
1.00 mm. The capacitor stores a charge of
400.0 pC.
The permittivity of a vacuum is
8.85419 1012 C2 /N m2 .
a) What is the potential difference across
the plates of the capacitor?
Holt SF 18Rev 24
26:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
The potential difference between a pair of
oppositely charged parallel plates is 400 V.
a) If the spacing between the plates is doubled without altering the charge on the plates,
what is the new potential difference between
the plates?
Part 2 of 2
b) If the plate spacing is doubled while the
potential difference between the plates is kept
constant, what is the ratio of the final charge
on one of the plates to the original charge?
Holt SF 18Rev 26
26:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A 12.0 V battery is connected to a 6.0 pF
parallel-plate capacitor.
What is the magnitude of the charge on
each plate?
Holt SF 18Rev 30
26:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
A circular parallel-plate capacitor with a
spacing of 3 mm is charged to produce
a uniform electric field with a strength of
3 106 N/C.
The permittivity of vacuum is 8.85
12 2
10
C /N m2 .
What plate radius is required if the stored
charge is 1 C?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the magnitude of the uniform electric field in the region that is located between
the plates?
Holt SF 18Rev 34
26:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A parallel-plate capacitor has a plate
area of 175 cm2 and a plate separation of
0.0400 mm.
The permittivity of a vacuum is 8.85419
12 2
10
C /N m2 .
a) Determine the capacitance.
Part 2 of 2
b) Determine the potential difference when
the charge on the capacitor is 500.0 pC.
Holt SF 18Rev 48
26:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Each plate on a 3750 pF capacitor carries a
charge with a magnitude of 1.75 108 C.
a) What is the potential difference across
the plates when the capacitor has been fully
charged?
Part 2 of 2
b) If the plates are 6.50 104 m apart, what
71
72
12 F
41 F
34 F
Part 1 of 3
Consider the group of capacitors shown in
the figure.
2.4 F
5 F
a
b
8.3 F
2.2 F
c
d
12 V
8.3 F
2.2 F
c
d
12 V
30 V
What is the effective capacitance of the
circuit?
Capacitor Circuit 09
26:03, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Consider the group of capacitors shown in
the figure.
C
a
C
b
2C
d
EB
1
C
2
2
C
5
3
C
5
2
C
3
3
C
4
1
C
3
7. Cad = 2 C
8. Cad = 3 C
9. Cad = 4 C
10. Cad = 5 C
Four Capacitors 01
26:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 8
In the figure below consider the case where
switch S1 is closed and switch S2 is open.
c
30
F
F
0
1
a
20
50 V
S2
S1
Part 2 of 8
Find the charge on the 20 F lower-left capacitor between points a and d.
Part 3 of 8
Find the charge on the 30 F upper-right
capacitor between points c and b.
Part 4 of 8
Find the charge on the 40 F lower-right capacitor between points d and b.
Part 5 of 8
Now consider the case where switch S2 is also
closed.
c
30
F
F
10
50 V
20
S2
40
Part 7 of 8
Find the charge on the 30 F upper-right
capacitor between points c and b.
Part 8 of 8
Find the charge on the 40 F lower-right capacitor between points d and b.
Four Capacitors 01 shortened
26:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
4
d
Part 6 of 8
Find the charge on the 20 F lower-left capacitor between points a and d.
F
0
73
Part 1 of 2
In the figure below consider the case where
switch S1 is closed and switch S2 is open.
c
30
F
F
0
1
a
20
50 V
S2
F
10
a
50 V
S1
S1
20
S2
F
0
F
0
S1
3 F
a
Part 1 of 3
The capacitors in the figure are initially uncharged and are connected as in the diagram.
Then switch S1 closed and switch S2 is left
open.
c
57
F
F
0
7
1
a
57
113 V
S2
F
0
7
1
S1
113 V
57
S2
F
0
7
1
S1
74
4 F
10 F
10 V
+Q
A
E
2. U =
3. U =
4. U =
5. U =
6. U =
7. U =
8. U =
29 F
1. U =
35 F
Part 1 of 2
A capacitor network is shown below.
33 F
Part 1 of 2
Consider an air-filled parallel plate capacitor with plate area A and gap width d. The
plate charge is Q.
Circuit Energy e1
26:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
31 F
75
Q2
.
2 0Ad
Q2
.
0Ad
Q2 d
.
2 0A
QA
.
0d
Q
.
2 0Ad
Qd
.
0A
Q
.
0Ad
Q2 A
.
0d
Part 2 of 2
With the battery connected, fill the gap by a
slab with the dielectric constant .
Given: E = 30 V, = 2, d = 0.1 mm, and
A = 10 cm2 , 0 = 8.85 1012 C 2 /N m2 , find
the electric charge on the plate.
30 V
What is the effective capacitance of the
circuit?
Part 2 of 2
For the circuit above what is the total energy
stored by the 29 F capacitor on the righthand side of the circuit? (Hint: Notice that
the equivalent capacitance of the 31 F and
33 F capacitors is equal the the equivalent
capacitance of the 35 F and 29 F capacitors.)
Energy in Par Plate Capacitor
26:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Consider a parallel plate capacitor with
plate area A and a distance d between plates.
The capacitor has a charge Q on the top plate
and charge Q on the bottom plate.
How much electrostatic energy is stored in
this capacitor?
1. U =
2. U =
3. U =
4. U =
5. U =
Qd
A
A
Qd
Qd
0A
Q2 d
2 0A
A 0
Qd
Q 2 d2
2 0 A2
A2 0
Q 2 d2
A2 20
Q 2 d2
Q 2 d2
a2
A2
Q 2 d2
76
energy is stored?
Holt SF 18C 02
26:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A parallel-plate capacitor has a charge of
6.0 C when charged by a potential difference
of 1.25 V .
a) Find its capacitance.
Part 2 of 2
b) How much electrical potential energy is
stored when this capacitor is connected to a
1.50 V battery?
Holt SF 18Rev 27
26:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
A parallel-plate capacitor has a capacitance
of 0.2 F and is to be operated at 6500 V.
a) Calculate the charge stored.
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the electrical potential energy
stored in the capacitor at the operating potential difference?
Holt SF 18Rev 28
26:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Two devices with capacitances of 25 F and
5 F are each charged with separate 120 V
power supplies.
Calculate the total energy stored in the two
capacitors.
Holt SF 18Rev 38
26:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
A pair of oppositely charged parallel plates
are separated by 5.33 mm. A potential difference of 600.0 V exists between the plates.
a) What is the magnitude of the electric
field strength in the region that is located
77
C
Determine the energy density u within the
gap in the presence of the dielectric.
1. u = u 2
2. u = u
3. u =
4. u = u
u
2
u
6. u =
7. u = u
5. U =
6. U =
7. U =
8. U =
1. U =
2. U =
3. U =
4. U =
u
2
u
10. u =
2
6. U =
Capacitor Energy v2
26:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
7. U =
9. u =
Part 1 of 4
Determine the total energy stored in a con-
Q2
8 0a
Q2
4 0a
Q2
16 0 a
Q
8 0a
Q2
8 0 a2
Q2 a
4 0
Q2
a
Q2
8 0a
Part 2 of 4
Find the energy stored in a capacitor of charge
Q filled with a dielectric with dielectric constant .
5. u =
8. u = 2 u
78
5. U =
8. U =
Q
2C
Q2
C
Q2
2 ( 1) C
Q2
2C
Q
4C
Q2
3C
Q2
3 ( 1) C
Q2
3C
Q2
2C
Q2
1
2C
2
Q
2C
Q2
(1 )
2C
Q2 1
1
2C
Q2
1
+
2C
Q2
1
1
2C
2
Q
(1 )
2C
Q2
5C
Part 4 of 4
Consider a capacitor which is connected to a
battery with an emf V . Denote the energy
stored in the capacitor in the absence of a
dielectric, with dielectric constant , to be U
and in the presence of the dielectric to be U .
U
Find the ratio
as the potential across
U
the plates is held at a constant value by the
battery.
U
1
1.
=
U
U
2.
=1
U
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
79
1
2
=
1
2
= 2
=
1
3
= 2
A
E
Q2
.
2 0Ad
Q2
.
0Ad
Q2 d
.
2 0A
QA
.
0d
Q
.
2 0Ad
Part 2 of 2
With the battery connected, fill the gap by a
slab with the dielectric constant .
Compare the new plate charge Q with Q,
the plate charge in part 1. Choose one:
1. Q = Q
2. Q = ( + 1) Q
3. Q =
+1
Q
2
4. Q = ( 1) Q
5. Q =
6. Q =
7. Q =
8. Q =
9. Q =
10. Q =
1
Q
2
Q
Q
+1
2Q
+1
Q
1
2Q
1
dielectric 2.6
constant
left
2 cm
Qd
.
0A
Q
7. U =
.
0Ad
Q2 A
8. U =
.
0d
6. U =
80
dielectric
constant 6.7
right
0.75 mm
Calculate the capacitance C of the device.
Part 2 of 2
Vlef t
of electric potential
What is the ratio
Vright
across the dielectric in the left-half region to
that across the dielectric in the right-half region?
Series Dielectric Energy
26:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
A capacitor is constructed from two metal
plates. The left-hand portion of a capacitor is
filled with air and right-hand portion is filled
with a material of dielectric constant .
Given: The gap width of the left-hand
portion of the capacitor is the same as the
gap width of the right-hand portion. Neglect
edge effects. The size of the dielectric between
the plates is of equal size as the metal plates,
as shown in the figure below.
dielectric
constant
Series Dielectric
26:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
A capacitor is constructed from two square
metal plates. The gap between the plates
is filled with two dielectrics of equal size as
shown in the figure below. Neglect edge effects.
Ur
of energy stored in
U
right portion and the left portion.
Determine the ratio
1.
Ur
1
=
U
Ur
U
Ur
U
Ur
U
Ur
U
Ur
U
Ur
U
Ur
U
Ur
U
Ur
U
1
2
= 2
=
=
1
+1
= 2
=
1
2
= 2 + 1
=
1
2 + 1
=+1
81
82
Holt SF 19A 01
27:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Concept 23 E08
27:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Holt SF 19A 02
27:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
83
Part 1 of 2
A net charge of 45 mC passes through the
cross-sectional area of a wire in 15 s.
a) What is the current in the wire?
Part 2 of 2
b) How many electrons pass the crosssectional area in 1.0 min?
Holt SF 19Rev 46
27:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
The current in a lightning bolt is 2.0 105
A.
How much charge passes through a crosssectional area of the lightning bolt in 0.50
s?
Holt SF 19Rev 54
27:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
The mass of a gold atom is 3.27 1025 kg.
If 1.25 kg of gold is deposited on the negative electrode of an electrolytic cell in a period
of 2.78 h, what is the current in the cell in this
period? Assume that each gold ion carries
one elementary unit of positive charge.
Holt SF 19Rev 58
27:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
The current in a conductor varies over time
as shown in the figure below.
Current(A)
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
0 1
2 3 4
Time(s)
5 6
84
85
b2
2. R =
a2
b2
3. R =
1. R =
4. R =
5. R =
6. R =
b2 a 2
a2 )
(b2
b2
a4
a
b2
a2
8. R =
b4
2
9. R =
b2
2
10. R = 2
(b a2 )
7. R =
86
87
Hewitt CP9 23 10
27:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
normal.
How does the current in a light bulb con-
88
Part 1 of 2
A hot plate connected across a potential
difference of 120 V has a resistance of 48 .
a) What is the current in the hot plate?
Part 2 of 2
A microwave oven connected across a potential difference of 120 V has a resistance of
20 .
b) What is the current in the microwave
oven?
Holt SF 19B 04
27:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
The current in a microwave oven is 6.25 A.
If the resistance of the ovens circuitry is
17.6 , what is the potential difference across
the oven?
Holt SF 19B 05
27:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
A typical color television draws 2.5 A of
current when connected across a potential difference of 115 V.
What is the effective resistance of the television set?
Holt SF 19B 06
27:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
The current in a certain resistor is 0.50 A
when it is connected to a potential difference
of 110 V.
a) What is the current in this same resistor
if the operating potential difference is 90.0 V?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the current in the resistor when
the operating potential difference if 130 V?
89
Holt SF 19Rev 28
27:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 3 of 3
A 20 resistor is connected to a 9 V battery
in the circuit below.
20
Holt SF 19Rev 29
27:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
How much current is drawn by a television
with a resistance of 35 that is connected
across a potential difference of 120 V?
9V
S
I
Holt SF 19Rev 30
27:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Holt SF 19Rev 45
27:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
A 5 resistor is connected to a 9 V battery
in the circuit below.
Holt SF 19Rev 59
27:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
9V
S
I
S
I
90
How do the length, diameter and temperature of a copper wire affect its resistance?
1. A longer wire will have more resistance,
a larger diameter wire will have less resistance, and higher temperatures mean higher
resistance.
Conceptual 18 Q11
27:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Conceptual 18 Q19
27:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
91
92
93
94
95
Conceptual 18 Q21
27:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Two lightbulbs are wired in series and connected to a 12-volt battery.
What happens to the current through the
battery if a third bulb is wired in parallel with
the other two bulbs? To the power?
1. Both increase.
2. Both decrease.
3. Decreases; increases
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the new cross sectional area?
Conceptual 18 05
27:09, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
A typical 1.5 V alkaline D battery is rated
at 3.5 amp-hours.
What is the power that can be expended by
the battery?
4. Increases; decreases
Hewitt CP9 23 11
27:09, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
What unit is equivalent to Joule per
Coulomb?
1. volt
Part 2 of 2
What is the total energy stored by this battery?
2. Ampere
3. Coulomb
Conceptual 18 Q20
27:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Two lightbulbs are wired in series and connected to a 12-volt battery.
What happens to the current through the
battery if a third bulb is added in series? To
the power?
1. Both decrease.
4. kilogram
5. Ohm
6. Joule
7. Watt
Part 2 of 3
What unit is equivalent to Coulomb per second?
2. Both increase.
1. volt
3. Increases; decreases
2. Ampere
4. Decreases; increases
3. Coulomb
96
7. Watt
Part 3 of 3
What unit is equivalent to Watt second ?
1. volt
2. Ampere
Holt SF 19Rev 50
27:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
An X-ray tube used for cancer therapy operates at 4.0 MV with a beam current of 25
mA striking a metal target.
Calculate the power of this beam.
3. Coulomb
4. kilogram
Holt SF 19Rev 57
27:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
5. Ohm
6. Joule
7. Watt
Hewitt CP9 23 P03
27:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Using Power = currentvoltage, find the
current drawn by a 1200 W hair dryer connected to 120 V .
Part 2 of 2
Find the resistance of the hair-dryer.
Holt SF 19C 03
27:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A calculator is rated at 0.10 W when connected to 1.50 V battery.
What is the resistance of this device?
Holt SF 19Rev 38
27:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
97
98
99
Holt SF 19C 04
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
An electric heater is operated by applying a potential difference of 50.0 V across a
nichrome wire of total resistance 8.00 .
a) Find the current in the wire.
1. voltage
2. current
Part 2 of 2
b) Find the power rating of the heater.
3. power
4. energy
Hewitt CP9 25 P05
27:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 3
100 kW of power is delivered to the other
side of a city by a pair of power lines with the
voltage difference of 12000 V.
a) How much current flows in the lines?
Part 2 of 3
b) Each of the two lines has a resistance of
10 .
What is the voltage change along each line?
Part 3 of 3
c) How much power is wasted as heat in both
lines together?
Holt SF 19C 01
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
A 1050 W electric toaster operates on a
household circuit of 120 V.
What is the resistance of the wire that
makes up the heating element of the toaster?
Holt SF 19C 02
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
A small electronic device is rated at 0.25 W
Holt SF 19D 01
27:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
Assume electrical energy costs $0.080 per
kWh, and that appliances have a potential
difference across them of 115 V.
a) Calculate the cost of running a 75.0 W
stereo for 24 h.
Part 2 of 3
b) Calculate the cost of running an electric
oven that draws 20.0 A of current for 24 h.
Part 3 of 3
c) Calculate the cost of running a television
with a resistance of 60.0 for 24 h.
Holt SF 19D 02
27:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
Several appliances are supplied with a potential difference of 115 V and are operated
continuously for a 24 h period.
a) How much energy is used if the appliance
is a 75.0 W stereo?
Part 2 of 3
b) How much of energy is used if the appli-
100
Holt SF 19Rev 48
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
How much power is needed to operate a
radio that draws 7.0 A of current when a
potential difference of 115 V is applied across
it?
Holt SF 19Rev 49
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Holt SF 19Rev 40
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Holt SF 19Rev 51
27:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 19Rev 41
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 3
A steam iron draws 6.0 A when connected
to a potential difference of 120 V.
a) What is the power rating of this iron?
Part 1 of 2
The operating potential difference of a light
bulb is 120 V. The power rating of the bulb
is 75 W.
a) Find the current in the bulb.
Part 2 of 2
b) Find the bulbs resistance.
Holt SF 19Rev 42
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
How much would it cost to watch a football game for 3.0 h on a 325 W television if
electrical energy costs $0.08 /kW h?
Holt SF 19Rev 43
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Calculate the cost of operating a 75 W light
bulb continuously for a 30-day month when
electrical energy costs $0.15 /kW h.
Part 2 of 3
b) How much energy is produced in 20.0 min?
Part 3 of 3
c) How much does it cost to run the iron for
20.0 min at $0.010/kWh?
Holt SF 19Rev 52
27:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
An 11.0 W energy-efficient fluorescent lamp
is designed to produce the same illumination
as a conventional 40.0 W lamp.
a) How much energy does this lamp save
during 100.0 h of use?
Part 2 of 2
b) If electrical energy costs $0.080/kWh, how
much money is saved in 100.0 h?
471 kWh
Meter # 0079051
60591
60120
471
Rate Calculation:
Residential Service Rate, Multi-fuel
Customer Charge:
Energy: 471 kWh at $.03550/kWh
Fuel:
471 kWh at $.01467/kWh
Subtotal Electric Charges
Sales Tax
Total Cost for Electric Service
For this 33 days period, your
average daily cost for Electric
service was $0.91
$6.00
16.72
6.91
$29.63
0.30
$29.93
101
102
Concept 23 E44
28:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
When a pair of identical resistors are connected in series, the
A) current
B) power
C) voltage
will be the same for each resistor.
B
1. Bulb A would again be brighter.
2. Bulb B would be brighter.
1. All of these
2. None of these
Hewitt CP9 23 04
28:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
normal.
3. A only
4. B only
Part 1 of 2
In a circuit of two lamps in series, if the
current through one lamp is 1 A, what is the
current through the other lamp?
5. C only
6. A and B only
7. A and C only
8. B and C only
Figuring Physics 21
28:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
When the series circuit shown below
Part 2 of 2
If 6 V is applied to the above circuit and the
voltage across the first lamp is 2 V, what is
the voltage across the second lamp?
Hewitt CP9 23 05
28:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
normal.
If 6 V are impressed across a circuit of two
lamps in series and the voltage across the first
lamp is 2 V, what is the voltage across the
second lamp? Note: The lamps are not the
same.
1. 4 V
A
is connected, Bulb A is brighter than Bulb B.
If the positions of the bulbs were reversed,
2. 3 V
3. 12 V
4. 10 V
5. 9 V
103
Part 3 of 4
Find the potential difference across the 5.0
resistor.
Part 4 of 4
Find the potential difference across the 7.0
resistor.
Holt SF 20A 04
28:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
A series combination of two resistors, 7.25
, and 4.03 , is connected to a 9.00 V battery.
Calculate the equivalent resistance of the
circuit.
Part 2 of 4
Calculate the current in the circuit.
Part 3 of 4
What is the potential difference across the
7.25 resistor?
Part 3 of 3
What is the current in each resistor?
Part 4 of 4
What is the potential difference across the
4.03 resistor?
Holt SF 20A 03
28:03, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 20A 05
28:03, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
Consider the circuit in the figure.
2
4
5
7
0.50 A
104
variable.
Part 2 of 2
If each light bulb has a resistance of 1.50 ,
how many light bulbs are in the circuit?
Part 1 of 3
18.0 , 9.00 , and 6.00 resistors are
connected in series with an emf source. The
current in the 9.00 resistor is measured to
be 4.00 A.
a) Calculate the equivalent resistance of the
three resistors in the circuit.
Holt SF 20Rev 16
28:03, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A length of wire is cut into five equal pieces.
If each piece has a resistance of 0.15 ,
what was the resistance of the original length
of wire?
Holt SF 20Rev 27
28:03, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 2 of 3
b) Find the potential difference across the emf
source
Part 3 of 3
c) Find the current in the other resistors.
Holt SF 20Rev 37
28:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
An 18 resistor and a 6 resistor are
connected in series to an 18 V battery.
Find the current in each resistor.
Holt SF 20Rev 29
28:03, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 2 of 3
Find the potential difference across the first
resistor.
A 9.0 resistor and a 6.0 resistor are connected in series to a battery, and the current
through the 9.0 resistor is 0.25 A.
Find the potential difference across the battery.
Part 3 of 3
Find the potential difference across the second
resistor.
Holt SF 20Rev 30
28:03, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A 9.0 resistor and a 6.0 resistor are
connected in series with an emf source. The
potential difference across the 6.0 resistor
is measured with a voltmeter to be 12 V.
Find the potential difference across the emf
source.
Holt SF 20Rev 31
28:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wording-
Holt SF 20Rev 44
28:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
Two resistors A and B are connected in
series to a 6 V battery. A voltmeter connected across resistor A measures a potential
difference of 4 V. When the two resistors are
connected in parallel across the 6 V battery,
the current in B is found to be 2 A.
Find the resistance of B.
Part 2 of 2
Find the resistance of A.
105
10
b
30
90 V
Part 2 of 4
Calculate the current in the 4.0 resistor
(second from the top).
Part 3 of 4
Calculate the current in the 5.0 resistor
(third from the top).
Part 4 of 4
Calculate the current in the 7.0 resistor
(fourth from the top).
S1
Holt SF 20B 02
28:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A length of wire is cut into five equal pieces.
The five pieces are then connected in parallel,
with the resulting resistance being 24.0 .
What was the resistance of the original
length of wire before it was cut up?
Holt SF 20B 03
28:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
A 4.0 resistor, an 8.0 resistor, and a
12.0 resistor are connected in parallel across
a 24.0 V battery.
What is the equivalent resistance of the
circuit?
Part 2 of 4
What is the current in the 4.0 resistor?
Part 3 of 4
What is the current in the 8.0 resistor?
4
5
7
106
9.0 V
Part 4 of 4
What is the current in the 12.0 resistor?
Holt SF 20B 04
28:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
An 18.0 , 9.00 , and 6.00 resistor are
107
Part 2 of 4
What is the potential difference across the
source?
Part 2 of 2
b) Determine the current in the circuit.
Part 3 of 4
Calculate the current in the 18.0 resistor.
Holt SF 20Rev 23
28:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
18
Part 4 of 4
Calculate the current in the 6.00 resistor.
9
Holt SF 20C 01
28:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Consider the circuit shown in the figure.
40
25
3
I
40 V
12
30 V
7
7
12 V
1.5
3
15
25 V
18
Find its equivalent resistance.
Holt SF 20Rev 18
28:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Holt SF 20Rev 28
28:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A 9.0 resistor and a 6.00 resistor are
connected in parallel to a battery, and the
current in the 9.0 resistor is found to be
0.250 A.
Find the potential difference across the battery.
108
in the figure?
Holt SF 20Rev 33
28:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
6.0
6.0
89
R
17
E
6.0
Part 4 of 5
What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit
in the figure?
6.0
6.0
6.0
Part 5 of 5
What is the equivalent resistance?
6.0
6.0
6.0
Holt SF 20Rev 39
28:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 20Rev 35
28:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 5
In the following circuit diagrams, each individual resistance is 6.0 .
What is the equivalent resistance of the
circuit in the figure?
6.0
6.0
Part 2 of 5
What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit
in the figure?
6.0
6.0
Part 3 of 5
What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit
109
Part 2 of 2
What can you do if you need a 5 resistor?
1. 2 in series with 2 in parallel
2. 1 in series with 3 in parallel
3. 3 in series
4. 4 in series
5. 2 in series
S
90
10
i
Find the value of R.
6. 2 in parallel
7. 3 in parallel
8. 4 in parallel
9. None of these
Holt SF 20Rev 42
28:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
normal.
Holt SF 20Rev 47
28:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
You can obtain only four 20 resistors from
the stockroom.
How can you achieve a resistance of 50
under these circumstances?
Part 1 of 2
The power supplied to the circuit shown in
the figure is 4.00 W.
10.0
4.0
5.0
3.0
3.0
21
7
A
21
2.5
14
110
10
internal
resistance
E
r+R
2. P = r E 2
E2
r
E2
4. P =
r+R
3. P =
5. P =
E
r+R
6. P = (r + R) E 2
7. P = R E 2
8. P =
E
R
E2
r
R
E2
10. P =
rR
9. P =
111
E
C
B
10
a
20
S2
50 V
2. VA = VB = VC = VD = VE
3. VA = VD = VE > VB > VC
4. VA = VD = VE > VB = VC
5. VB = VC > VA = VD = VE
6. VA = VB > VA = VD = VE
7. VA = VC > VB > VD = VE
8. VC > VB > VA > VD > VE
9. VE = VD > VA > VB = VC
10. VA = VB = VC > VD > VE
Four Resistors 01 shortened
28:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
40
S1
Part 2 of 2
Now consider the case where switch S2 is also
closed, so
c
30
10
20
S2
50 V
a
A
112
S1
57
a
b
S2
170
57
113 V
S1
Four Resistors 04
28:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
1. positive.
Part 1 of 2
Four resistors are connected as shown in
the figure.
c
50
10
a
b
70
Part 3 of 4
The switch S2 is closed.
c
57
170
S2
113 V
170
30
2. negative.
113
57
S1
S1
90 V
Part 2 of 2
What is the current through the 50 resistor?
Part 4 of 4
How much current passes through the switch
S2 when it is closed?
Four Resistors 06
28:06, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Four Resistors 03
28:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
All the bulbs in the figure below have the
same resistance R. The switch S is initially
closed.
Part 1 of 2
Four resistors are connected as shown in
the figure.
c
90 V
iB
30
50
10
iD
iA
V
S1
iC
i0
If bulb B is removed from the circuit, i.e.,
the switch S is opened, what happens to the
current through
1) the battery,
2) bulb A, and
3) bulb D;
i.e., the brightness of bulb A, and bulb D?
114
Part 2 of 2
Four Resistors 07
28:06, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
iD
iA
V
iB
i0
If a wire is added to the circuit, what hap-
115
iD
S
iB
iA
V
iC
i0
If bulb B is removed from the circuit, i.e.,
the switch S is opened, what happens to the
current through
1) the battery,
2) bulb A, and
3) bulb D;
i.e., the brightness of bulb A, and bulb D?
You may find it helpful to work out the currents through bulb A and bulb D, and the
battery for both cases by using V = 1 volt
and R = 1 .
1. iA decreases, iD remains the same, ibattery
decreases
2. iA increases, iD increases, ibattery increases
3. iA increases, iD increases, ibattery decreases
4. iA increases, iD remains the same, ibattery
increases
5. iA remains the same, iD increases, ibattery
increases
6. iA increases, iD increases, ibattery remains
the same
7. iA increases, iD decreases, ibattery decreases
8. iA decreases, iD decreases, ibattery decreases
Four Resistors 08
28:06, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
All the bulbs in the figure below have the
same resistance R. The switch S is initially
closed.
iD
S
iB
iA
V
iC
i0
If bulb B is removed from the circuit, i.e.,
the switch S is opened, what happens to the
currents through
1) the battery,
2) bulb A, and
3) bulb D;
Notice that in the diagram the current
through the battery, ibattery , is labeled as i0 .
Hint: You may find it helpful to work out the
currents through bulb A , bulb D , and the
battery for both cases by using V = 1 volt
and R = 1 .
1. iA decreases, iD remains the same, ibattery
decreases
2. iA increases, iD increases, ibattery increases
3. iA increases, iD increases, ibattery decreases
4. iA increases, iD remains the same, ibattery
increases
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
i0
116
5
2
9
=
2
=
=5
=3
=1
10
3
2
=
5
1
=
2
=
9.
10.
Four Resistors 10
28:06, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Hewitt CP9 23 07
28:06, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
iD
S
iB
iA
V
iC
i0
i0
, where i0 is the current
i0
through the battery when the switch is closed
and i0 is the current through the battery when
the switch is open.
Determine
i0
9
=
i0
10
i
2
2. 0 =
i0
3
1.
117
3. B is brighter.
4. A is brighter.
A
C
S
10
14.0 V
15
8.5
2.5
12 V
6.0
3.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
12.0
18.0 V
3.0
Holt SF 20Rev 26
28:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
Consider the circuit in the figure.
118
S
2
4.5
9V
Part 2 of 4
b) What is the total current of this circuit?
Part 3 of 4
c) What is the current in the 3 bulb?
Part 5 of 5
e) Calculate the potential difference across
the first resistor.
Holt SF 20Rev 43
28:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 6
Four resistors are connected to a battery
with a terminal voltage of 12.0 V, as shown in
the figure.
Part 3 of 6
c) Find the current in the 30.0 resistor.
Part 4 of 6
d) Find the power dissipated by the 50.0
resistor.
Part 5 of 6
e) Find the power dissipated by the 20.0
resistor.
Part 6 of 6
f) Find the power dissipated by the 90.0
resistor.
Holt SF 20Rev 46
28:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Consider the following circuit.
5.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
Part 4 of 5
d) Calculate the current in the second resistor.
Part 2 of 6
b) Find the current in the battery.
10.0
Part 3 of 5
c) Calculate the current in the first resistor.
12.0 V
10.0
Part 2 of 5
b) Calculate the current in the third resistor.
20.0
28 V
Part 1 of 5
A 30.0 resistor is connected in parallel to
a 15.0 resistor. These are joined in series to
a 5.00 resistor and a source with a potential
difference of 30.0 V.
a) Calculate the equivalent resistance.
50.0
90.0
Part 4 of 4
d) What is the potential difference across the
4.5 bulb?
Holt SF 20Rev 38
28:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
119
3.0
i1
R2
E
I5
i2
R4
Seven Resistors
28:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
Consider the circuit in the figure.
6.0
3.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
12.0
i4
D
i3
120
18.0 V
3.0
E1
r1
i1
R
E2
i
r2
i2
Apply Kirchhoffs rules.
What equation does the loop ABCDA
yield?
E1
2. E1 E2 i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
5. E1 + E2 i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
7. E1 + E2 + i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
i
r2
2. E1 E2 i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
9. E1 E2 i1 r2 + i2 r1 = 0
3. E1 E2 i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
10. E1 E i1 r2 i2 r1 = 0
Part 2 of 2
Hint: From symmetry, one expects i1 = i2 )
Let E1 = E2 = 10 V, r1 = r2 = 1 , and
R = 3 .
10 V
1
B
A
i1
4. E1 E2 + i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
5. E1 + E2 i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
6. E1 + E2 + i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
7. E1 + E2 + i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
8. E1 + E2 i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
i
1
E2
1. E1 E2 + i2 r2 i1 r1 = 0
8. E1 + E2 i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
i2
Apply Kirchhoffs rules. What equation
does the loop BADCB yield?
6. E1 + E2 + i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
10 V
4. E1 E2 + i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
r1
i1
3. E1 E2 i2 r2 + i1 r1 = 0
121
i2
Find the current i.
Two Loop Circuit 02
28:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 3
Consider the circuit shown below. There
are three resistors, r1 , r2 , and R; and two
emfs, E1 and E2 .
The directions of the currents i1 , i2 , and i
are shown in the figure.
9. E1 E2 i1 r2 + i2 r1 = 0
10. E1 E2 i1 r2 i2 r1 = 0
Part 2 of 3
What equation does the loop DCFED yield?
1. E2 + i2 r2 + i R = 0
2. E2 i2 r2 i R = 0
3. E2 i2 r2 + i R = 0
4. E2 i2 r2 + i R = 0
5. E2 i2 R + i r2 = 0
6. E2 + i2 R i r2 = 0
8. E2 + i2 R + i r2 = 0
9. E2 + i2 r2 i1 R = 0
Part 2 of 3
Choose the correct relationships among the
currents.
10. E2 i2 r2 i1 R = 0
Part 3 of 3
Let: E1 = E2 = 10 V, r1 = r2 = 1 , and
R = 3 .
Hint: From symmetry, one expects i1 = i2 .
Find the current i.
A1 :
A2 :
B1 :
B2 :
B3 :
B4 :
B5 :
Two loops
28:06, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
normal.
R2
Part 1 of 3
E1
A
B
i 1 + i3 = i5 ;
i 1 = i3 + i5 ;
i1 > i2 and i3
i1 < i2 and i3
i1 > i2 and i3
i1 = i2 and i3
i1 < i2 and i3
R1
1. A1
and B1.
i1
2. A1
and B2.
3. A1
and B3.
4. A1
and B4.
5. A1
and B5.
i3
E2
For the loop ABCDEF A, the corresponding loop equation is given by
6. A2
and B1.
7. A2
and B2.
8. A2
and B3.
2. E1 i1 R1 i3 R3 +E2 i4 R4 i2 R2 = 0 .
9. A2
and B4.
10. A2
and B5.
i2
R5
i5
R4
122
R3
> i4 ;
> i4 ;
< i4 ;
= i4 ;
< i4 .
i4
4. E1 i1 R1 i3 R3 E2 i4 R4 i2 R2 = 0 .
5. E1 +i1 R1 i3 R3 E2 i4 R4 +i2 R2 = 0 .
6. E1 i1 R1 +i3 R3 E2 +i4 R4 i2 R2 = 0 .
7. E1 +i1 R1 +i3 R3 E2 i4 R4 i2 R2 = 0 .
8. E1 i1 R1 i3 R3 E2 +i4 R4 +i2 R2 = 0 .
Part 3 of 3
Given
E1 = E2 = E = 1 V,
R1 = R 2 = R 3 = R 4 = R 5 = R = 2 ,
find the value of i5 . Notice that the setup of
the left loop is symmetric to the setup of the
right loop.
123
itor is steady.
Bulbs in a Circuit 03
28:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Unlike most real bulbs, the resistance of the
bulb in the questions below does not change as
the current through it changes. A capacitor, a
bulb, and a switch are in the circuit as shown
below.
S
R
S
R
Charging RC Circuit
28:07, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
124
R3
R2
R1
C
R2
R1
S b
a
S b
E
R1 C
1
4. =
R2 C
5. = (R1 + R2 ) C
1
(R1 + R2 ) C
R1 + R 2
7. =
C
2
2
8. =
(R1 + R2 ) C
6. =
9. =
10. =
2. = R2 C
3. =
R1 C
1
4. =
R2 C
5. = (R1 + R2 ) C
1
(R1 + R2 ) C
R1 + R 2
7. =
C
2
2
8. =
(R1 + R2 ) C
6. =
9. =
10. =
R1 R2 C
1
R 1 R2 C
R 1 R2 C
Part 2 of 2
3.3 M
1
R 1 R2 C
Discharging RC Circuit
28:07, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
normal.
Part 1 of 2
The switch S has been in position b for a
long period of time.
1.3 F
2 M
1.1 M
S b
1.2 V
125
normal.
Part 1 of 2
Consider the RC circuit shown. The emf
of the battery is V , the resistance R, and the
capacitance C. The capacitor is uncharged.
R
V
Series rc circuit
28:07, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Consider the RC circuit shown. The emf
of the battery is V , the resistance R, and the
capacitance C.
C
R
S
Consider the following statements.
A1: I = 0
V
A2: I =
R
V 1/RC
A3: I = e
R
B1: VC = 0
B2: VC = V
B3: VC = V e1/RC
Immediately after the switch is closed, the
current, I, and the potential across the capacitor, VC , are respectively given by
1. A2, B1
2. A2, B2
1. A2, B1
3. A2, B3
2. A2, B2
4. A1, B1
3. A2, B3
5. A1, B2
4. A1, B1
6. A1, B3
5. A1, B2
7. A3, B1
6. A1, B3
8. A3, B2
7. A3, B1
9. A3, B3
8. A3, B2
Part 2 of 2
Find the time for the plate charge to reach
one third of its maximum value if R = 1 ,
C = 1 f, V = 10 V.
9. A3, B3
126
127
6. downward
7. There is no force.
Part 1 of 4
The strength of Earths magnetic field B
at the equator is approximately equal to
5 105 T, where T stands for tesla, the
unit of magnetic field. The force on a charge q
moving in a direction perpendicular to a magnetic field is given by F = q v B, where v is
the speed of the particle. The direction of the
force is given by the right-hand rule. Suppose
you rub a balloon in your hair and your head
acquires a static charge of 3 109 C.
If you are at the equator and driving west at
a speed of 30 m/s, what is the strength of the
magnetic force on your head due to Earths
magnetic field?
Part 2 of 4
What is the direction of that magnetic force?
Part 4 of 4
If you are driving east, how fast would you
have to drive in order for the magnetic force
on your head to equal 200 N (probably enough
to knock you over)?
Conceptual 17 Q20
29:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A positively charged particle passes
through a laboratory traveling in an easterly
direction. There are both electric and magnetic field in the room and their effects on the
charged particle cancel.
If the electric field points upward, what
must be the direction of the magnetic field?
1. east
1. east
2. west
2. west
3. north
3. south
4. south
4. north
5. upward
5. upward
6. downward
6. downward
Part 3 of 4
If you are at the equator and driving north
at a speed of 30 m/s, what is direction of the
magnetic force on your head?
1. east
2. west
Conceptual 24 Q04
29:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
When you go in to have an MRI done, the
technician always tells you to remove your
watch, pens, and other metal objects from
your pockets.
Why is this request made?
3. north
4. south
5. upward
128
Conceptual 24 Q06
29:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If all atoms have electrons that are in motion about an atom, why arent all materials
magnetic?
1. The net magnetic field created by ordinary materials is zero.
2. Ordinary materials do not create magnetic fields.
3. Random motion of electrons does not
create magnetic fields.
Conceptual Q16 12
29:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
4. upward
Conceptual Q16 16
29:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The magnetic field at the equator points
north.
If you throw a negatively charged object
(for example, a baseball with some electrons
removed) to the east, what is the direction of
the magnetic force on the object?
1. upward
2. toward the east
Field Direction
29:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The direction of the magnetic field in a
certain region of space is determined by firing
a test charge into the region with its velocity
in various directions in different trials.
The field direction is
129
magnetic field.
3. Sometimes a magnetic field disappears
when an electron is placed in it.
4. If the velocity of an electron is greater
than a critical value, a magnetic field cannot
exert any force on the electron.
5. Away from the Earth an electron does not
feel any magnetic force.
5. None of these
Hewitt CP9 24 E05
29:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why is it inadvisable to make a horseshoe
magnet from a flexible material?
1. A flexible material is not easily magnetized.
2. A flexible material is easily loses its magnetism.
1. Burn the refrigerator door and then analyze the remains with chemical reagents to
find if aluminum is present.
130
5. None of these
3. yes for both
Hewitt CP9 24 E22
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Magnet A has twice the magnetic field
strength of magnet B (at equal distance) and
at a certain distance pulls on magnet B with
a force of 50 N.
With how much force, then, does magnet B
pull on magnet A?
Hewitt CP9 24 E24
29:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A strong magnet attracts a paper clip to
itself with a certain force.
Does the paper clip exert a force on the
4. no for both
5. It depends on the intensity of the fields,
which is not provided in the problem.
6. None of these
Hewitt CP9 24 E29
29:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A magnetic field can deflect a beam of electrons, but it cannot do work on the electrons
to change their speed.
Why?
131
4. a moving atom
Holt SF 21A 01
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A proton moves perpendicularly to a magnetic field that has a magnitude of 4.20 102
T.
The charge on a proton is 1.601019 .
What is the speed of the particle if the
magnitude of the magnetic force on it is 2.40
1014 N?
Holt SF 21A 02
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A proton traveling to the right along the
x-axis enters a region where there is a magnetic field of magnitude 2.5 T directed upward
along the y-axis.
The charge on a proton is 1.601019 .
If the proton experiences a force of 3.2
1012 N, find its speed.
Holt SF 21A 03
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
An electron in an electron beam experiences a downward force of 2.0 1014 N while
traveling in a magnetic field of 8.3 102 T
west.
The charge on a proton is 1.601019 .
a) What is the magnitude of the velocity?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is its direction?
1. North
2. East
1. North
4. West
2. South
5. None of these
3. West
Holt SF 21A 04
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A uniform 1.5 T magnetic field points
north. If an electron moves vertically downward (toward the ground) with a speed of
2.5 107 m/s through this field.
The charge on a proton is 1.601019 .
a) What is the magnitude of the force acting
on it?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the direction of the force?
1. North
2. South
3. West
4. East
5. None of these
Holt SF 21A 05
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A proton moves straight upward (away
from the ground) through a uniform magnetic field that points from east to west and
has a magnitude of 2.5 T.
The charge on a proton is 1.601019 .
a) If the proton moves with a speed 1.5107
m/s through this field, what is the magnitude
of the force acting on it?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is its direction?
132
4. East
5. None of these
Holt SF 21A 06
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
An alpha particle (the nucleus of a helium atom, carrying a charge of 3.2 1019 C
moves at 5.5 107 m/s at a right angle to a
magnetic field.
The charge on a proton is 3.2 1019 C.
If the particle experiences a force of
1.5 1014 N due to the magnetic field, what
is the magnitude of the magnetic field?
Holt SF 21Rev 30
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A duck flying due east passes over Atlanta, where the magnetic field of the Earth is
5.0 105 T directed north. The duck has a
positive charge of 4.0 108 C.
If the magnetic force acting on the duck is
3.001011 N upward, what is the magnitude
of the ducks velocity?
Holt SF 21Rev 31
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A proton moves eastward in the plane of
Earths magnetic equator so that its distance
from the ground remains constant.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2
and the charge on a proton is 1.601019 .
What is the speed of the proton if Earths
magnetic field points north and has a magnitude of 5.0 105 T?
Holt SF 21Rev 34
133
3. Negative y direction
4. Positive y direction
Part 1 of 2
A proton moves at 2.50 106 m/s horizontally at a right angle to a magnetic field.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 .
What is the strength of the magnetic field
required to exactly balance the weight of the
proton and keep it moving horizontally?
Part 2 of 2
What is its direction?
1. In a horizontal plane
2. In a vertical plane
3. None of these
Holt SF 21Rev 38
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A proton moves at a speed of 2.0 107
m/s at right angles to a magnetic field with a
magnitude of 0.10 T.
Find the magnitude of the acceleration of
the proton.
5. Negative z direction
6. Positive z direction
7. None of these
Holt SF 21Rev 40
29:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
A proton travels with a speed of 3.0 106
m/s at an angle of 37 west of north. A
magnetic field of 0.30 T points to the north.
Find the magnitude of the magnetic force
on the proton. (The magnetic force experienced by the proton in the magnetic field is
proportional to the component of the protons
velocity that is perpendicular to the magnetic
field.)
Part 2 of 3
What is its direction?
1. North
Holt SF 21Rev 39
29:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
2. South
Part 1 of 2
A proton moves perpendicularly to a uniform magnetic field, B, with a speed of
1.0 107 m/s and experiences an acceleration
of 2.0 1013 m/s2 in the positive x direction
when its velocity is in the positive z direction.
Find the magnitude of the field.
4. East
Part 2 of 2
What is its direction?
1. Negative x direction
2. Positive x direction
3. West
134
Conceptual 17 Q01
29:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Conceptual 17 Q19
29:02, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
A long straight wire is aligned north-south
and carries current in the northerly direction.
What is the direction of the magnetic field
created directly above the wire?
1. east
2. west
3. south
4. north
5. upward
6. downward
Part 2 of 3
What is the direction of the magnetic field
created immediately to the left of the wire?
1. east
2. west
3. south
4. north
5. upward
6. downward
Part 3 of 3
If a proton is traveling north directly above
the wire, what is the direction of the magnetic
force on the proton due to the wire?
1. east
2. west
3. south
135
136
Drummond HW2 01
29:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
A wire carrying a current 30 A has a length
0.12 m between the pole faces of a magnet at
an angle 60 (see the figure). The magnetic
field is approximately uniform at 0.9 T. We
ignore the field beyond the pole pieces.
I
B
a
b
F
137
5A
5A
5A
138
B
What is the direction of the orbital motion
of the particle?
1. counterclockwise
2. clockwise
3. Unable to determine
Part 2 of 2
What is the radius of the orbit?
1. r =
2. r =
3. r =
4. r =
5. r =
6. r =
7. r =
8. r =
qv
mB
qB
mv
mB
qv
mv
qB
qm
vB
vB
qm
m v2
qB
qB
m v2
139
q v2
mB
v2 B
10. r =
qm
9. r =
Holt SF 21Rev 43
29:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A proton moves in a circular path perpendicular to a constant magnetic field so that it
takes 1.00106 s to complete the revolution.
Determine the strength of the constant
magnetic field. The angular speed is given
in radians per unit time.
Holt SF 21Rev 44
29:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A single charged positive ion that has a
mass of 6.68 1027 kg moves clockwise with
a speed of 1.00 104 m/s. The positively
charged ion moves in a circular path that has
a radius of 3.00 cm.
Find the strength of the uniform magnetic
field.
Part 2 of 2
What is its direction?
1. toward the observer
2. away from the observer
3. to the observers left
4. to the observers right
5. None of these
Holt SF 21Rev 45
29:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Assume that Earths magnetic field is everywhere perpendicular to the path of a proton and that Earths magnetic field has an
140
141
142
wire
straight
v
wire loop
x
I
S
E
(out)
143
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
6.
8.
9.
5
BA
=
BB
2
10.
BA
BB
BA
BB
BA
BB
BA
BB
BA
BB
BA
BB
BA
BB
BA
BB
BA
BB
=2
=4
=3
=9
4
3
2
=
3
1
=
2
1
=
3
=
=0
144
145
Pivot
What will happen to the magnet if its original orientation is as shown in the figure?
1. rotate clockwise
2. rotate counterclockwise
3. remain still
4. Unable to determine
Hewitt CP9 25 E02
30:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why does an iron core increase the magnetic induction of a coil?
1. An iron core can increase the current in
the coil.
2. The magnetic domains that become
aligned in the iron core contribute to increase
the overall magnetic field of the coil.
3. An iron core can generate an electromagnetic wave to change the magnetic field in a
coil.
4. An iron core is a magnet and generates a
magnetic field with or without a coil.
146
147
148
3. No difference
Conceptual 17 Q08
30:12, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What is the underlying basis of the magnetic field in a magnetized piece of iron?
3. B
4. C
149
150
151
rection.
Conceptual 24 Q09
30:14, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
Part 1 of 2
A paramagnetic material will acquire a
magnetization if it is placed in an applied
magnetic field.
What happens to the magnetization of a
paramagnetic material if the temperature of
the material is quadrupled?
1. decrease by a factor of 4
2. decrease by a factor of 2
3. decrease by a factor of 3
5. increase by a factor of 4
6. No change
Part 2 of 2
What happens to the magnetization of a paramagnetic material if the temperature of the
material and the applied magnetic field is simultaneously quadrupled?
1. decrease by a factor of 4
2. decrease by a factor of 2
3. decrease by a factor of 3
5. increase by a factor of 4
6. No change
Paramagnet
30:14, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A magnetic field B0 is applied to a paramagnet at room temperature.
In the interior, the field produced by the
magnetic dipoles of this substance is
1. greater than B0 and in the opposite di-
Y
B
i
Primed Case: Now connect the points
C and D with a wire CAD, (see the figure
below).
i3
Figure 2:
D
i1
152
Y
B
i2
2. A > B > C
3. A > C > B
4. A > B = C
5. A = C > B
6. B > C > A
Circuit Around a Solenoid 04
31:01, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
A solenoid with circular cross section produces a steadily increasing magnetic flux
through its cross section. There is an octagonally shaped circuit surrounding the solenoid
as shown below.
The increasing magnetic flux gives rise to a
counterclockwise induced emf E.
i3
153
mer.
6. Bulb X goes out and bulb Y gets dimmer.
Conceptual 17 Q17
31:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Assume you wrap a wire around Earths
equator at an altitude of 200 kilometers and
run an electric current through it in the westerly direction.
What effect would this have on the Earths
natural magnetic field at the Earths surface?
1. reinforcing the field
2. canceling the field
3. no effect
4. Unable to determine
Faraday Equation
31:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Suppose you are looking into the end of
a long cylindrical tube in which there is a
uniform magnetic field pointing away from
you.
What is the direction of the induced electric
field if the magnitude of the magnetic field is
decreased with time?
1. clockwise
2. counterclockwise
3. toward you
4. away from you
5. radially outward from the axis of the
tube
6. radially inward toward the axis of the
tube
0.833 m
154
155
Conceptual 17 03
31:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 3
In the laboratory, you have arranged to
have a magnetic field that points north
with a strength of 0.5 T and an electric
field that points downward with a strength
6 106 N/C. An electric charge with a magnitude 9 109 C passes through the laboratory. The force on the charge due to the
electric field is given by F = q E. The force
on the charge due to the magnetic field is
given by F = q v B, where v is the speed of
the particle. The direction of the magnetic
force is given by the right-hand rule. Neglect
the gravitational force.
What direction would the charge have to
travel in order for it to pass through the room
undeflected?
1. east
2. west
3. north
4. south
5. downward
6. upward
Part 2 of 3
What is the strength of the electric force?
Part 3 of 3
How fast would it have to travel so that it
passes through the room undeflected?
Conceptual 17 Q07
31:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If you took an electric motor and turned it
by hand, what would happen then?
1. Current would flow in the wires.
1. clockwise; counterclockwise
3. No change in or out
2. clockwise; clockwise
2. counterclockwise; clockwise
2. counterclockwise; counterclockwise
3. no induced current
4. Unable to determine
156
iron core
S
The force which the magnetic field exerts
on a conducting ring positioned as shown is
1. upward.
2. downward.
3. to the right.
4. to the left.
5. There is neither a force nor a torque.
6. There is no force, only a torque.
157
158
4. No; the amount of magnetic field penetrating the loop does not change as it rotates.
5. Unable to determine
Part 1 of 2
Suppose you are in a location where the
magnetic field of Earth points north and is
horizontal to the ground. A circular wire is
rotated as shown in the figure (the axis of
rotation is along the north-south direction).
N
W
B
Conceptual 17 Q13
31:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A rectangular piece of wire is moving to the
right as shown. It passes through a region
where there is a magnetic field pointing into
the page, (magnetic field indicated by the
shaded region).
wire
v
4. No; the amount of magnetic field penetrating the loop does not change as it rotates.
3. No
4. Unable to determine
5. Unable to determine
Part 2 of 2
What if the axis of rotation were in the eastwest direction?
1. Yes; current direction doesnt change.
2. Yes; current direction reverses every cycle.
3. Yes; the amount of magnetic field penetrating the loop changes as it rotates.
Conceptual 17 Q16
31:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
A square loop of copper wire is moving to
the right in a uniform, downward-pointing
magnetic field, as shown.
159
1. right
2. left
3. upward
4. downward
Part 2 of 2
Is there an induced current in this square
current loop?
1. Yes; the direction is clockwise.
2. Yes; the direction is counterclockwise.
3. No
4. Unable to determine
Hewitt CP9 26 R02
31:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What does a changing electric field induce?
1. charges
2. magnetic field
3. light
4. electrons
5. Nothing
Holt SF 22A 01
A 505-turn circular-loop coil with a diameter of 15.5 cm is initially aligned so that its
plane is perpendicular to the Earths magnetic field. In 2.77 ms the coil is rotated 90.0
so that its plane is parallel to the Earths
magnetic field. An average emf of 0.166 V is
induced in the coil.
What is the value of the Earths magnetic
field?
Holt SF 22B 02
31:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A circular coil with a radius of 0.22 m and
17 turns is rotated in a uniform magnetic field
of 1.7 T. The coil rotates with a constant
frequency of 2.0 Hz.
Determine the maximum value of the emf
induced in the coil.
Holt SF 22B 03
31:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A square coil with an area of 0.045 m2
consists of 120 of wire. The coil rotates about
a vertical axis at 157 rad/s. The horizontal
component of the Earths magnetic field at
the location of the loop is 2.0 105 T.
Calculate the maximum emf induced in the
coil.
Holt SF 22Rev 10
160
the poles of a horseshoe magnet with a magnetic field of 2.5 102 T. The area of the
loop is 7.54 103 m2 and is moved perpendicular to the magnetic field lines.
In what time interval will the student have
to move the loop out of the magnetic field in
order to induce an emf of 1.5 V?
Holt SF 22Rev 38
31:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A student attempts to make a simple generator by wrapping a long piece of wire across
a cylinder with a cross-sectional area of 1.886
103 m2 . She then passes the coil between
the poles of a horseshoe magnet with a magnetic field of 2.5 102 T. The student finds
that by removing the coil perpendicular to the
magnetic field lines during 0.25 s, an emf of
149 mV can be induced.
How many turns of wire are wrapped
around the coil?
Holt SF 22Rev 39
31:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A coil of 325 and an area of 19.5 104 m2
is removed from a uniform magnetic field at
an angle of 45 in 1.25 s. The induced emf is
15 mV.
What is the magnetic field strength?
Rectangular Loop 02
31:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
A rectangular loop of wire is pulled through
a magnetic field B (into the page). Shown
below are four different stages of development
of this procedure, labeled A, B, C, and D.
The rectangular loop has a constant speed
as it is pulled through the loop.
4. FB = FC > FA = FD
5. FB > FD = FA > FC
FA
6. FA > FD = FB > FC
B
7. FA > FC = FB > FD
8. FB > FC = FA > FD
B
v
FB
B
B
v
FC
B
FD
161
162
#2
#1
A
#2
#1
A
B
F
163
#2
#1
B
(3)
#2
#1
A
i2
i1
164
165
Holt SF 22B 01
31:07, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 22B 04
31:07, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
3. Structurally they are similar but the electric generator is more efficient than the electric motor.
4. Structurally they are similar and some devices are designed to operate either as motors
or generators.
5. Structurally they are similar but the electric motor is more efficient than the electric
generator.
Hewitt CP9 25 E13
31:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Does the voltage output increase when a
generator is made to spin faster?
1. No; it will only increase the output current of the generator.
2. Yes; according to Faradays law of induction, the faster the change of magnetic field in
a coil, the greater the induced voltage.
3. No; the voltage output increases only
when the magnetic field gets stronger.
4. Yes; the faster a generator spins, the
stronger the magnetic field it produces.
5. None of these
Holt SF 22Rev 23
31:07, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A generator can be made using the component of Earths magnetic field that is parallel to Earths surface. A 112-turn square wire
coil with an area of 4.41 102 m2 is mounted
on a shaft so that the cross-sectional area of
the coil is perpendicular to the ground. The
shaft then rotates with a frequency of 25.0
Hz. The horizontal component of the Earths
magnetic field at the location of the loop is
5.00 105 T.
Calculate the maximum emf induced in the
coil by Earths magnetic field.
Holt SF 22Rev 24
31:07, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
An ac generator consists of 45 turns of wire
with an area of 0.12 m2 . The loop rotates in
a magnetic field of 0.118 T at a constant frequency of 60.0 Hz. The generator is connected
across a circuit load with a total resistance of
166
167
168
169
170
difference?
Holt SF 22C 01
33:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 3
An rms potential difference of 120 V is
placed across a light bulb with a resistance of
25 .
What is the rms current in the light bulb?
Part 2 of 3
What is the maximum value of current?
Part 3 of 3
What is the maximum value for the potential
difference?
Holt SF 22C 03
33:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A toaster is plugged into a source of alternating potential difference with an rms value
of 110 V. The heating element is designed
to convey a current with a maximum value of
10.5 A.
Find the rms current in the heating element.
Part 2 of 2
Find the resistance of the heating element.
Holt SF 22C 04
33:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
An audio amplifier provides an alternating
rms potential difference of 15.0 V. A loudspeaker connected to the amplifier has a resistance of 10.4 .
What is the rms current in the speaker?
Part 2 of 3
What is the maximum value of current?
Part 3 of 3
What is the maximum value for the potential
Holt SF 22C 05
33:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
An AC generator has a maximum potential
difference output of 155 V.
Find the rms potential difference output.
Part 2 of 2
Find the rms current in the circuit when the
generator is connected to a 53 resistor.
Holt SF 22Rev 26
33:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
The maximum potential difference across
certain heavy-duty appliances is 340 V. The
total resistance of an appliance is 120 .
Find the rms potential difference across the
appliance.
Part 2 of 2
Find the rms current in the appliance.
171
S b
and B1
2. A1
and B2
3. A1
and B3
4. A2
and B1
5. A2
and B2
6. A2
and B3
7. A3
and B1
8. A3
and B2
9. A3
and B3
E
=
LC
R
2. Imax = E
3. Imax
L
C
= E LC
4. Imax = E
5. Imax =
E
R
6. Imax =
E
R
7. Imax = E
8. Imax =
E
R
1
LC
L
C
C
L
C
L
Part 2 of 2
Consider the following statements:
A1. The current flow is counterclockwise.
A2. The current is zero.
A3. The current flow is clockwise.
B1. The charge on the left plate of C is positive.
172
173
Part 3 of 3
How much power does the light bulb use?
Holt SF 22Rev 28
33:09, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A 996 W hair dryer is designed to carry a
maximum current of 11.8 A.
How large is the rms current in the hair
dryer?
3. Cannot be determined
Part 3 of 3
The source E does no net work, since energy
lost in R is compensated by energy stored in
C and L .
1. False
2. True
3. Cannot be determined
Part 2 of 2
What is the rms potential difference across
the hair dryer?
RLC TF Questions 02
33:09, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
This RLC circuit is driven by an oscillating
emf E.
C
L
R
E
174
Consider a transformer.
What is true?
5. It cannot be determined.
6. Theoretically yes, but it is hard to build
such transformers in practice.
Hewitt CP9 25 P01
33:13, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
The primary coil of a step-up transformer
draws 100 W.
Find the power provided by the secondary
coil.
Hewitt CP9 25 P02
33:13, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 3
An ideal transformer has 50 turns in its pri-
175
176
Holt SF 22Rev 41
33:13, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
The potential difference in the lines that
carry electric power to homes is typically 20.0
kV.
How many turns must be on the primary
for each turn on the secondary if the output
potential difference is 117 V? (Round the
answer to the nearest whole ratio.)
Holt SF 22Rev 43
33:13, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
A generator supplies 5000 kW of power.
The output potential difference is 4500 V before it stepped up to 510 kV .
The electricity travels 410 miles (644000 m)
through a transmission line that has a resistance per unit length of 0.00045 /m .
How much power is lost through transmission of the electrical energy along the line?
Part 2 of 2
How much power would be lost through transmission if the generators output potential difference were not stepped up?
Holt SF 22Rev 45
50
StepDown Transformer 03
33:13, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
12 turns
Holt SF 22Rev 40
33:13, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
20 turns
A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 1.06 H. The current in the primary
circuit decreases by 9.50 A in a time interval
of 0.0336 s.
Determine the average emf induced in the
secondary circuit.
105 Vrms
177
178
Conceptual 19 02
34:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
If the frequency of the wave used by your
favourite station is 94.1 Megahertz, what is
the wavelength?
Conceptual 19 Q03
34:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 2 of 2
If the station is 50 km away, how long does it
take for the radio waves to reach you from the
station?
Conceptual 19 03
34:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
The FM radio band in most places
goes from frequencies of about 88 MHz to
108 MHz.
How long is the wavelength of the radiation
at the beginning of the range?
Part 2 of 2
How long is the wavelength of the radiation
at the end of the range?
Conceptual 19 04
34:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
The AM radio band in a particular area has
a frequency range of 535 KHz to 1610 KHz.
How long is the wavelength of the radiation
at the beginning of the range?
Part 2 of 2
179
Gamma-ray bursters are objects in the universe that emit pulses of gamma rays with
high energies. The frequency of the most energetic bursts has been measured at around
3.0 1021 Hz.
The speed of light is 3 108 m/s.
What is the wavelength of these gamma
rays?
Holt SF 14A 02
34:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
FM radio bands range from 88 MHZ
through 108 MHz.
The speed of light is 3 108 m/s.
What is the wavelength for the FM radio
band at 88 MHz?
Part 2 of 2
What is the wavelength for the FM radio band
at 108 MHz?
Holt SF 14A 03
34:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Shortwave radio is broadcast between 3.50
MHz and 29.7 MHz .
The speed of light is 3 108 m/s.
What is the wavelength at 3.50 MHz ?
Part 2 of 2
What is the wavelength at 29.7 MHz ?
180
181
fixed.
Concept 30 05
34:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If we double the frequency of light, we double the energy of each of its photons.
If we instead double the wavelength of light,
what happens to the photon energy?
1. Doubled
2. Halved
3. Quadrupled
4. No change
Concept 30 14
34:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which has the greatest energy?
1. A photon of infrared light
2. A photon of visible light
3. A photon of ultraviolet light
4. They have the same energy.
Conceptual 19 08
34:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which has the greatest energy among the
following?
Part 1 of 2
Compare the energy of visible light and
ultraviolet light.
1. Visible light has more energy than ultraviolet light.
2. Visible light has less energy than ultraviolet light.
3. They have same energy.
Part 2 of 2
What determines the energy of electromagnetic waves?
1. The higher the frequency of the radiation
the greater its energy
2. The lower the frequency of the radiation
the greater its energy
Figuring Physics 32
34:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
Maxwells equations tell us that a changing magnetic field induces a changing electric
field, and vice versa in turn, to produce an
electromagnetic wave.
Such field induction depends on changes
both with respect to time and with respect
to distance so it depends on speed. The
speed of propagation of fields inducing and
re-inducing each other is c , the speed of light.
E
1. a wavelength of 90 nm
2. a wavelength of 2 nm
3. a wavelength of 45 nm
4. a wavelength of 23 nm
Conceptual 19 Q09
34:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
Part 2 of 2
What is the total power radiated by the sun?
Traveling EMwave M
34:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
A snapshot at time t = 0 of the electric
field for a plane electromagnetic wave with
angular velocity traveling in the y direction
at velocity c is shown.
propagation direction
E
z
y
x
E0
cos(k y t) k.
c
2. B = +c E0 sin(k y t) .
3. B = +c E0 sin(k y + t) k.
4. B =
E0
cos(k y t) .
c
5. B = +
E0
cos(k y t) .
c
182
Travelling EMwave
34:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 4
A snapshot at time t = 0 of the electric
field for a plane electromagnetic wave with
angular velocity traveling in the y direction
at velocity c is shown.
propagation direction
y
2. decreases.
3. remains the same.
What is the accompanying magnetic field
at time t if the electric field has amplitude
E0 ?
1. B =
E0
cos(k y t) k.
c
2. B = +c E0 sin(k y t) .
3. B = +c E0 sin(k y + t) k.
4. B =
E0
cos(k y t) .
c
5. B = +
E0
cos(k y t) .
c
Part 2 of 4
What happens to the ratio of the electric to
magnetic field if the angular velocity of the
wave is decreased?
E0
increases.
B0
E0
2.
decreases.
B0
E0
remains the same.
3.
B0
1.
Part 3 of 4
What happens to the velocity of the wave
if the angular velocity of the wave is decreased?
1. v increases.
2. v decreases.
3. v remains the same.
Part 4 of 4
183
n = 1.33
Part 1 of 2
A polymer film with a refraction index of
1.33 is impinged by a laser light from the left.
Right interface
Part 1 of 2
A point source at O emits light isotropically. Denote the power which the point
source radiates by P . A small flat surface is placed at D, which is a distance r
from O. This surface has an area A and
is perpendicular to the radial vector OD.
Left interface
184
P
4 r2
P
2 r2
P
r2
P
3 r2
P
6 r2
P
A
P
2A
P
3A
2P
3A
P
4A
Part 2 of 2
Consider the setup described in Part 1, where
1
the surface absorbs of the light.
3
If P = 120 W, r = 1 m, and A = 1 mm2 ,
find the average pressure on the surface.
185
3.
4.
5.
6. left no force, right
7. left , right no force
8. left , right no force
9. left no force, right
Momentum and Transmission
34:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A narrow beam of light passes through a
transparent plastic polymer with refractive
index 2.0. Consider the case in which there is
only one interface between the light and the
polymer. Furthermore, consider the case in
which there is 0% reflection at the interface
between the polymer and the air: the polymer
is 100
Upon entering the surface, the lights wavelength, and thus, its momentum changes. Using what you know about momentum, determine what effect the shining of the light will
have upon the polymer.
n = 1.0
n = 2.0
total transmission
receiving
antenna
C
R
R2 m
.
eBL
e2 B 2 L
.
4. C =
m2
3. C =
II
186
antenna can be
oriented in any direction
1. C =
IV
transmitter
III
Five linear receiving antennas are positioned with their centers at equal distances
d from the center of the transmitter as follows
I. Horizontal orientation, perpendicular to
the antenna, positioned at d, in the +k
direction.
II. Vertical orientation, parallel to the antenna, positioned at d, in the + direction.
III. Horizontal orientation, perpendicular to
the antenna, positioned at d, in the
direction.
IV. Vertical orientation, parallel to the antenna, positioned at d, in the direction.
V. Horizontal orientation, perpendicular to
2. I, II, and IV
1. II and V
2. I
4. V and III
3. II
5. II and IV
4. IV
Oscillating Current 02
34:07, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
5. V
7. II and IV
II
transmitter
IV
III
Five circular receiving antennas are positioned with their centers at equal distances d
from the center of the transmitter as follows
I. Positioned at d, in the +k direction, facing along x
.
II. Positioned at d, in the + direction, facing along y.
III. Positioned at d, in the direction, facing along y.
187
6. III
188
Suppose a sound wave and an electromagnetic wave have the same frequency.
Which has the longer wavelength?
Conceptual 19 Q05
34:08, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Conceptual 19 Q01
34:08, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Compare waves on a pond and electromagnetic waves.
1. A wave on a pond is a mechanical wave
which requires a medium to travel.
2. A wave on a pond is a mechanical wave
which doesnt require a medium to travel.
3. A wave on a pond is an electromagnetic
wave which requires a medium to travel
4. A wave on a pond is an electromagnetic wave which doesnt require a medium
to travel.
Conceptual 19 Q02
34:08, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Conceptual 19 Q10
34:08, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A person is just as likely to get sunburned
on a cloudy day as on a sunny day.
Does this evidence support the hypothesis
that ultraviolet light, not visible light, causes
sunburn?
1. No.
2. Yes.
Conceptual 19 Q12
34:08, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If someone asked you to prove that electromagnetic waves travel in a vacuum, what
would you say?
1. We see stars and planets in the sky.
189
4. IV only
5. I and II only
I)
II)
III)
IV)
1. I and II only
9. All of these
10. None of these
Conceptual 20 Q16
34:08, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
3. III only
4. IV only
5. V only
6. I and IV only
1. I only
7. IV and V only
2. II only
8. III and IV only
3. III only
190
4. None of these
5. All of these
Conceptual 20 Q18
34:08, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
I)
II)
III)
IV)
visible light
infrared light
ultra-violet light
all other light
1. any charge
2. current
3. voltage
1. I only
4. an accelerating charge
2. II only
5. None of these
3. III only
4. I and II only
6. None of these
191
fixed.
Concept 30 03
34:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Green light is emitted when electrons in
a substance make a particular energy-level
transition.
If blue light were instead emitted from
the same substance, would it correspond to
a greater or smaller change of energy in an
atom?
Part 1 of 2
White light is the combination of all frequencies of electromagnetic waves in the visible spectrum. In a vacuum, all the frequencies of light travel at the same speed. Suppose
for a moment that lower frequencies traveled
slower than higher frequencies.
What would a distant star look like?
1. brighter than before
3. same
Part 2 of 2
If the star suddenly disappeared, what would
be the color of the last light that you would
see from the star?
1. red
2. yellow
Part 1 of 2
What is the wavelength for orange light?
3. green
1. 620 nm
4. blue
2. 530 nm
5. violet
3. 700 nm
6. indigo
4. 580 nm
7. orange
Part 2 of 2
Convert this to meters.
1. 6.2 107 m
2. 5.3e 07 m
3. 7e 07 m
4. 5.8e 07 m
Conceptual 19 Q04
34:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
Conceptual 19 Q06
34:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
An object that looks white when exposed
to sunlight reflects all colors of light.
What does a white object look like when it
is exposed to red light?
1. A white object will look red when exposed
to red light.
192
Conceptual 19 Q07
34:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
Compare radio waves and sound waves.
193
7. violet light.
Hewitt CP9 26 E04
34:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
3. radio waves
4. ultraviolet light waves
5. gama rays
Hewitt CP9 26 E05
34:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What has the highest frequency?
1. ultraviolet light
2. infrared light
3. X ray
EM Waves
34:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
4. visible light
Of the following which type of electromagnetic wave has the longest wavelength?
6. radio wave
1. X-rays.
5. gamma ray
2. AM radio waves.
3. red light.
4. Gamma rays.
5. microwaves.
6. FM radio waves.
194
Part 1 of 3
What color is obtained when you mix yellow
light and blue light?
1. green
2. white
3. cyan
4. red
5. magenta
6. blue
7. yellow
Part 2 of 3
What color should be combined with green
light to produce white light?
1. green
2. white
3. cyan
195
5. magenta
6. blue
7. yellow
Part 3 of 3
What color is the mixture of magenta, yellow
and cyan light?
Holt SF 14A 06
34:09, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
What is the frequency of highly energetic
ultraviolet radiation that has a wavelength of
125 nm?
The speed of light is 3 108 m/s.
1. green
2. white
3. cyan
Holt SF 14Rev 12
34:09, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
4. red
5. magenta
6. blue
7. yellow
Holt SF 14Rev 13
34:09, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
196
Concept 20 24
35:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What two physics mistakes occur in a science fiction movie that shows a distant explosion in outer space, where you see and hear
the explosion at the same time?
1. In outer space there is no material to
carry light; if there were, the sound would
reach you before the light.
2. In outer space there is no air to carry
sound; if there were, the faster-moving light
would reach you before the sound.
3. The explosion cannot occur in outer
space; if it could, the faster-moving light
would reach you before the sound.
4. The explosion cannot occur in outer
space; if it could, the sound would reach you
before the light.
5. None of these
Concept 20 12
35:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If a bell rings inside a bell jar, we can no
longer hear it when the air is pumped out, but
Concept 20 25
35:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A rule of thumb for estimating the distance
197
Conceptual 20 Q15
35:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
What is the frequency range of light seen
when you look at a white object?
1. all visible colors
2. no visible colors
Concept 29 01
35:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
4. infra-red colors
6. No possible colors
Conceptual 20 Q19
35:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why dont planets twinkle the way stars
do?
I) The light coming from a planet is larger
in diameter.
II) The planets are larger than stars.
III) The view of the stars are obstructed by
other stars.
IV) The thermal fluctuation in the atmosphere distorts the light of the stars.
1. II only
2. III only
3. I and III only
4. I and IV only
5. II and III only
198
5. None of these
6. III and IV only
7. I, II and III only
An excited atom emits a photon of a certain frequency. Then two photons of this
frequency fly towards the atom.
Which of the following is likely to happen
next?
1. The atom will absorb both photons and
will become more excited than it originally
was.
2. The atom will absorb one of the photons
and will return to its excited state.
3. One of the two photons will knock an
electron out leaving an ion behind.
4. An atom will emit another photon of the
same frequency.
Hewitt CP9 26 P08
35:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
5. None of these
Conceptual 21 Q02
35:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Consider objects that appear red.
Which is not true?
1. The red marker will be sharply peaked in
red as compared to other spectrum.
2. The red laser will be sharply peaked in
the red, with no other colors emitted.
3. The red coal will be peaked in the infrared, with some overlap into the visible spectrum.
4. The red sweater will have a peak in the
red, but not quite as sharp as the laser.
Part 1 of 2
A certain blue-green light has a wavelength
of 600 nm in air.
What is its wavelength in water, where light
travels at 75 % of its speed in air?
Part 2 of 2
What is its wavelength in Plexiglas, where
light travels at 67 % of its speed in air?
Hewitt CP9 27 E01
35:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
In a dress shop with only fluorescent lighting, a customer insists on taking dresses into
the daylight at the doorway to check their
color.
Is she being reasonable?
1. No; the light in the dress shop is enough
199
1. Red light
2. Blue light
3. Violet light
4. Yellow light
5. Orange light
6. Brown light
200
201
in the figure. A light ray strikes the horizontal mirror, reflects off the horizontal mirror,
impinges on the raised mirror, reflects off the
raised mirror, and proceeds in the right-hand
direction.
56
53
202
57
Figure is not drawn to scale.
Calculate the angle .
Air
Liquid
1
=
2
=1
=
=
1
2
5.
203
f
=2
f
Air
1.41421
Liquid
Part 2 of 3
What is the ratio of their frequencies of oscilf
lations, ?
f
Part 3 of 3
=2
Part 2 of 2
What is the ratio of their frequencies of oscilf
lations, ?
f
f
1.
=1
f
f
1
2.
=
f
2
f
1
3.
=
f
2
f
4.
= 2
f
v
?
c
Air
Liquid
v
(where v is defined in
c
v
c
v
c
v
c
v
c
v
c
204
1
=
2
=1
Conceptual 20 Q31
35:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
=
=
1
2
=2
Concept 28 E09
35:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A person in a dark room looking through a
window can clearly see a person outside in the
daylight.
Why can the person outside not see the
person inside?
1. Window glass typically transmits about
92% of incident light, and the two surfaces
reflect about 8%.
2. The reflected outside light is more intense
than the inside light transmitted out.
3. People inside the room are more sensitive
to light than people outside.
4. Light is easier to transmit into the room
than transmit out.
Conceptual 20 02
35:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Air
Water
Refracted
ray
Which quantity doesnt change when light
refracts?
1. average speed of light
2. index of refraction of the material
205
3. frequency of light
4. wavelength of light
Hewitt CP9 26 E18
35:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Is glass opaque to light of frequencies that
match its own natural frequencies?
1. No; the frequencies of glass are in magnitudes that no light frequencies will match.
2. No; the frequencies of glass are related to
the movements of glass atoms, which are almost not affected by the frequencies of light.
3. Yes; the electrons in the glass will be
excited by the incident light, the frequecies
of which match the natural frequencies of the
glass.
4. Yes; the energy of light will be totally
converted into the energy of electrons in the
glass when the frequencies of light match the
natural frequencies of the glass.
5. More information is needed.
Hewitt CP9 27 R29
35:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
5. None of these
Light enters from air to liquid
35:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Consider a light ray which enters from air
to a liquid, where the index
of refraction of
the liquid is given by n = 2.
Air
Liquid
1
f
= ,
= 2
2
f
f
1
= ,
= 2
f
2
f
= 1,
= 2
f
f
= 2,
= 2
f
f
= 2,
= 2
f
1
f
= ,
=1
2
f
f
1
= ,
=1
f
2
f
= 1,
=1
f
f
= 2,
=1
f
f
= 2,
=1
f
206
207
1. Above
2. Directly at
3. Below
4. It depends on the movement of the space
station.
Concept 28 E38
35:06, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
When your eyes are submerged in water,
do light rays coming from water to your eyes
bend more, less, or the same as in air?
4. Above; below
1. More
5. None of these
2. Less
Concept 28 E26
35:06, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
If while standing on a bank you wished to
zap a small blue fish out in front of you with
red laser beam, would you aim above, below,
or directly at the observed fish to make a
direct hit?
1. Slightly below the position
2. Slightly above the position
3. Directly at the fish
4. It depends on the movement of the water.
3. The same
4. It depends on the speed of the water.
Conceptual 20 Q26
35:06, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
In movies that involve a character lost in
the wilderness somewhere, you often see the
hero vainly try to spear a fish in a river or
tidal basin.
Even if his aim is good, how should he aim
to spear the fish?
1. below the fish
2. above the fish
Concept 28 E30
35:06, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
3. on the heart
4. at the tail
Part 2 of 2
Due to refraction, how deep is the fish in
208
of refraction.
Part 2 of 3
b) If the light travels from air to some medium
with an angle of incidence of 14.5 and an
angle of refraction of 9.80 , find the refractive
index of the unknown medium.
Part 3 of 3
c) If the light travels from air to diamond
(n = 2.419) at an angle of incidence of 31.6 ,
find the angle of refraction.
Holt SF 15A 03
35:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A ray of light of vacuum wavelength 550 nm
traveling in air enters a slab of transparent
material. The incoming ray makes an angle of
40.0 with the normal, and the refracted ray
makes an angle of 26.0 with the normal.
Find the index of refraction of the transparent material. (Assume that the index of
refraction of air for light of wavelength 550
nm is 1.00.)
Holt SF 15Rev 10
35:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 15A 01
35:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 15Rev 11
35:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 15A 02
35:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
An incoming ray of light has a vacuum
wavelength of 589 nm.
a) If the light travels from flint glass
(n = 1.66) to crown glass (n = 1.52) with
an angle of incidence of 25.0 , find the angle
Holt SF 15Rev 12
35:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A narrow ray of yellow light from glowing
20
Linseed oil
2
Water
209
The angle of incidence and the angle of refraction for light going from air into a material
with a higher index of refraction are 63.5 and
42.9 , respectively.
What is the index of refraction of this material?
Holt SF 15Rev 40
35:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A person shines a light at a friend who is
swimming underwater.
If the ray in the water makes an angle of
36.2 with the normal, what is the angle of
incidence?
Holt SF 15Rev 41
35:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
What is the index of refraction of a material
in which the speed of light is 1.85108 m/s?
Holt SF 15Rev 42
35:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Light moves from flint glass (n = 1.66) into
water at an angle of incidence of 28.7 .
a) What is the angle of refraction?
Part 2 of 2
b) At what angle would the light have to be
incident to give an angle of refraction of 90.0
Holt SF 15Rev 49
35:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
The index of refraction for red light in water
is 1.331, and that for blue light is 1.340.
a) If a ray of white light traveling in air
enters the water at an angle of incidence of
83.0 , what is the angle of refraction for the
red component of light?
210
Holt SF 15Rev 60
35:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A flashlight on the bottom of a 4.00 m deep
swimming pool sends a ray upward and at an
angle so that the ray strikes the surface of the
water 2.00 m from the point directly above
the flashlight.
What angle (in air) does the emerging ray
make with the waters surface?
Holt SF 15Rev 61
35:06, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A submarine is 325 m horizontally out from
the shore and 115 m beneath the surface of
the water. A laser beam is sent from the
submarine so that it strikes the surface of the
water at a point 205 m m from the shore.
If the beam strikes the top of a building
standing directly at the waters edge, find the
height of the building.
211
9. None of these
Conceptual 20 Q09
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Diamonds have a very high index of refraction.
How does this help to account for their
sparkle?
1. dispersion of light
Conceptual 20 Q11
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If the atmosphere did not scatter light,
what would you see when you looked at the
daytime sky?
I) The sky would be dark;
II) Sunlight would pass right through atmosphere;
III) Light would be scattered to your eyes.
2. refraction
1. I and II only
3. light emitted by the diamond.
2. II and III only
4. None of these
3. I and III only
4. All of these
4. All of these
Part 2 of 2
The cutting of diamonds into facets increase
the sparkle you see. Consider the following
statements.
I) Internal reflection of light increases;
II) More light is transmitted with dispersion;
III) It enhances the appearance;
IV) Refraction occurs.
Which is/are NOT true?
5. None of these
Conceptual 20 Q12
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If the atom and molecules in the sky had
about 10 times their present size, what would
you expect the daytime sky to be?
1. much whiter
1. I only
2. blue
2. II only
3. dark
3. III only
4. red
4. IV only
5. None of these
5. I and II only
6. II and III only
Conceptual 20 Q17
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
7. I and IV only
8. II and IV only
4. infra-red light
1. red
5. All light
2. blue
Conceptual 20 Q30
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
3. yellow
Which parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, if any, scatter all wavelengths equally
from atoms and molecules?
5. white
1. gamma rays
2. alpha rays
3. beta rays
4. ultra-violet rays
212
4. orange
6. black
Hewitt CP9 27 E35
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Volcanic emissions put fine ashes in the air
that scatter red light.
What color does a full moon appear
through these ashes?
5. infrared rays
1. red
Hewitt CP9 27 E27
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
2. cyan
3. yellow
4. orange
5. brown
6. gray
2. There is less air above you and consequently less scattering of sunlight.
3. There are more red-absorbing molecules
in the air at high altitudes.
4. There is less air above you and consequently more scattering of sunlight.
213
3. white
1. Red light
4. green
2. Blue light
5. black
3. Yellow light
6. gray
4. Green light
Hewitt CP9 27 R25
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why does the sun look red at sunrise and
sunset but not at noon?
1. Red light is easily transmitted through
the air since its frequency is the lowest.
At noon, sunlight travels through the least
amount of atmosphere with little scattering
of high-frequency light to the surface.
2. Red light is easily scattered through the
air since its frequency is the lowest. At noon,
sunlight travels through the least amount of
atmosphere with little transmission of highfrequency light to the surface.
3. The sun is colder at sunrise and sunset
than at noon.
4. The temperature at noon is warmer than
at sunrise and sunset.
5. Our eyes are more sensitive to the red
light at sunrise and sunset than at noon.
6. The sun itself is red at sunrise and sunset,
but is yellow at noon; it has nothing to do
with the effect of the atmosphere.
Hewitt CP9 28 E21
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A pulse of red light and a pulse of blue light
5. Violet light
Hewitt CP9 28 E22
35:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
During a lunar eclipse, the moon is not
completedly dark, but is often a deep red in
color.
Why?
1. During the sunset, the Sun transfers some
red light to the moon.
2. High frequencies pass more easily through
the long grazing path through the Earths
atmosphere to be refracted finally onto the
moon.
3. Low frequencies pass more easily through
the long grazing path through the Earths
atmosphere to be refracted finally onto the
moon.
214
4. none of these
Huygens Reflection Analysis
35:08, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
The figure below shows Christian Huygens
analysis of the reflection from the surface of a
mirror.
The two arcs are Huygens wavelets that
were emitted simultaneously from points A
and B at t = 0 .
Assume: Medium 1 is a vacuum and
Medium 2 has an index of refraction greater
than 1.
Part 3 of 3
According to Huygens principle, which of the
following would NOT be a property of the
wave front AB after it had propagated from
time t from the position shown in the figure?
The new (reflected) wave front would
1. be tangent to the wavelet centered at A.
2. pass through the point D.
3. form an angle equal to with the mirror
surface.
4. form an angle equal to with the surface
normal.
t
en t
d
i
n
inc fro
e
v
wa
B
A
D
The angle of incidence is equal to which
angle?
1. = BDA
2. = BAD
3. = ABD
4. none of these
Part 2 of 3
The radius rA of the wavelet centered at A
must be equal to
1. rA = AD
2. rA = AB
3. rA = BD
7. none of these.
Huygens Refraction Analysis
35:08, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
The figure below shows Christian Huygens
analysis of the refraction of a wave front AB
upon entering Medium 2 from Medium 1.
The two arcs are Huygens wavelets that
were emitted from points A and B at t = 0 .
Assumre: Medium 1 is a vacuum and
Medium 2 has an index of refraction greater
than 1.
nt
y
Ra
e
av
W
fro
5. sin 1 =
6. sin 1 =
A
D
v 2t
7. sin 1 =
Medium 1
Medium 2
Ray
According to Huygens, the index of refraction of Medium 2 is equal to the ratio of which
two line segments?
2. n =
3. n =
4. n =
5. n =
6. n =
7. n =
8. n =
AB
CD
AC
BD
CD
AB
BD
AC
AB
AD
BD
AD
AC
AD
CD
AD
AB
AD
BD
2. sin 1 =
AB
8. sin 1 =
1. n =
2. n =
4. n =
5. n =
6. n =
7. n =
8. n =
CD
AD
AC
sin 2 =
CD
sin 2 =
BD
AD
BD
CD
CD
AD
AB
CD
AC
AD
AC
CD
sin 2 =
sin 2 =
sin 2 =
sin 2 =
sin 2 =
sin 2 =
AC
AD
AC
AB
AB
AD
BD
AC
BD
AD
BD
AB
Part 3 of 3
The conclusion of Huygens analysis is that
the index of refraction of Medium 2 is equal
to the ratio of the sines of which two angles?
3. n =
Part 2 of 3
The sines of the angles 1 and 2 are equal,
respectively to
1. sin 1 =
4. sin 1 =
t
v1
1. n =
3. sin 1 =
215
BAD
ABD
BDA
DAC
ADC
DAC
BDA
BAD
CAD
ADC
BAD
ADC
ABD
ACD
BDA
ADC
216
Conceptual 20 Q29
35:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A polar bear actually has translucent colorless fur and black skin.
What are the benefits it derives from this?
1. It acts like a fibre optic cable.
2. It gives the fur white in color.
3. It makes the fur shiny.
4. All of these
5. None of these
1. I only
2. II only
Conceptual 20 Q32
35:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
3. III only
4. IV only
5. I and II only
6. II and III only
7. I and IV only
8. I, II and IV only
2. to reflection
3. refraction
4. None of these
Conceptual 20 Q28
35:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If you left a glass fiber-optic cable unshielded by any plastic covering, should the
light still be able to travel through the cable?
1. Yes
2. No
217
Holt SF 15Rev 37
35:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Part 1 of 3
Light with a wavelength of = 589 nm
travels from a certain material to air.
a) Calculate the critical angle for zircon
(n = 1.923) when it is surrounded by air.
Part 2 of 3
b) Calculate the critical angle for fluorite (n =
1.434) when it is surrounded by air.
Holt SF 15C 01
35:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Part 3 of 3
c) Calculate the critical angle for ice (n =
1.309) when it is surrounded by air.
Holt SF 15Rev 38
35:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Light traveling in air enters the flat side of
a prism made of crown glass (n = 1.52), as
shown in the figure.
45
218
30.0
60
2m
60
If the fountain is 2.00 m deep, find the
minimum diameter, d of the piece of wood
that would prevent the diamond from being
seen from outside the water.
Holt SF 15Rev 56
35:09, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A fiber-optic cable used for telecommunications has an index of refraction of 1.53.
a) For total internal reflection of light inside the cable, what is the minimum angle of
incidence to the inside wall of the cable if the
cable is in air?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the minimum angle of incidence to
the inside wall of the cable if the cable is in
water?
60
45
Holt SF 15Rev 57
35:09, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A ray of light traveling in air strikes the
midpoint of one face of an equiangular glass
prism (n = 1.55) at an angle of exactly 30.0 .
50
3.1 mm
219
220
1. same
4. 25 times the brightness on Earth
2. double
5. the same as the brightness on Earth
3. four times brighter than before
6. More information is needed.
4. one fourth darker than before
5. The distance is needed.
Hewitt CP9 26 E35
35:12, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The intensity of light falls off as the inverse
square of the distance from the source.
Does this mean that light energy is lost?
1. Yes; the energy of light is proportional to
the intensity.
2. Yes; light interacts with air atoms and
221
222
Conceptual 20 Q01
36:02, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
How does the smoothness of a mirror affect
the clarity of the image you see?
1. The image becomes clear.
223
224
4. 5
5. 4
6. 10
7. 12
8. 3
9. 7
Reflections in Mirrors 02
36:02, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
Hint: Make a rough drawing to check your
answer.
Often in a clothing store two flat mirrors
are hinged at one edge (for you to view the
clothes you desire to purchase).
You (as indicated by an L shaped object)
are standing in the 45 wedge formed by two
mirrors. A view from above is shown below.
45
47
36
2. 5
3. 9
34
4. 11
1. 6
5. 3
2. 8
6. 4
3. 9
7. 6
8. 8
225
226
and inverted.
Concave mirror image
36:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The goal of this problem is to describe the
image of an object as the object moves towards a concave mirror of radius R from a far
distance. The figure shows a graph of s vs s,
1
1
1
from the equation + = , for a given ras s
f
dius R, where R = 2f . From the graph you
can obtain the answer to the following question.
s'
3f
s'=sf/(s-f)
R=2 f
Holt SF 14B 01
36:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
Consider a concave mirror with a focal
length of 10.00 cm.
a) Find the image distance when the object
distance is 10.00 cm. (Answer with 1000 if
the image does not exist.)
(2 f, 2 f)
2f
Part 2 of 4
b) Find the image distance when the object
distance is 5.00 cm. (Answer with 1000 if
the image does not exist.)
f
concave
mirror
2f
3f
-f
s'
s' =s
When the object is at 0 < s < f , then
Part 3 of 4
c) Find the magnification of the image for
part b). (Answer with 1000 if the image
does not exist.)
Part 4 of 4
d) Describe the image for part b).
1. None of these
1. real, inverted, larger
2. s < 0; the image is larger than the object
and inverted.
227
Holt SF 14B 02
36:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Part 2 of 3
b) Calculate the magnification of the image.
Part 1 of 3
A concave shaving mirror has a focal length
of 33 cm.
a) Calculate the image position of a cologne
bottle placed in front of the mirror at a distance of 93 cm. (Answer with 1000 if the
image does not exist.)
Part 3 of 3
c) Describe the image.
1. real, inverted, larger
2. virtual, inverted, larger
3. real, upright, larger
Part 2 of 3
b) Calculate the magnification of the image.
(Answer with 1000 if the image does not
exist.)
Part 3 of 3
c) Describe the image.
Holt SF 14B 04
36:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 5
A pen placed 11.0 cm from a concave spherical mirror produces a real image 13.2 cm from
the mirror.
a) What is the focal length of the mirror?
Part 2 of 5
b) Calculate the magnification of the image.
Part 3 of 5
Assume the pen is placed 27.0 cm from the
mirror.
c) What is the position of the new image?
(Answer with 1000 if the image does not
exist.)
Part 4 of 5
d) What is magnification of the new image?
(Answer with 1000 if the image does not
exist.)
228
9. None of these
4. virtual, upright, larger
Holt SF 14Rev 34
36:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 6
A concave shaving mirror has a radius of
curvature of 25.0 cm.
a) Find the magnification of the image
when an upright pencil is placed 45.0 cm from
the mirror. (Answer with 1000 if the image
does not exist.)
Part 2 of 6
b) Describe the image.
1. real, inverted, larger
2. virtual, inverted, larger
229
Holt SF 14Rev 49
36:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
A glowing electric light bulb placed 15 cm
from a concave spherical mirror produces a
real image 8.5 cm from the mirror. The light
bulb is moved to a position 25 cm from the
mirror.
a) What is the image position? (Answer
with 1000 if the image does not exist.)
Part 2 of 4
b) Find the magnification of the first image.
Part 3 of 4
c) Find the magnification of the final image.
(Answer with 1000 if the image does not
exist.)
Part 4 of 4
d) Describe the two images.
1. real, inverted, larger
Part 2 of 3
b) What is the magnification of the image?
Part 3 of 3
c) Describe the image.
Holt SF 14Rev 52
36:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
An object is placed 10.0 cm in front of a
mirror and an image of the object is formed
230
6. p = 2q
7. q = 2p
Part 2 of 3
b) Find the magnification of the image.
Part 3 of 3
c) Describe the image.
1. real, upright, larger
8. q = 2p
9. None of these.
Holt SF 14Rev 57
36:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
An object 2.70 cm tall is placed 12.0 cm
in front of a mirror, which creates an upright
image that is 5.40 cm in height.
a) What is the magnification of the image?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the radius of curvature of the
mirror?
Holt SF 14Rev 58
36:03, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
9. None of these
Holt SF 14Rev 54
36:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
A flat mirror can be treated as a special
type of spherical mirror that has an infinite
radius of curvature.
If the equation
2
1 1
= +
R
p q
is applied to a flat mirror, which is the correct
relationship between p and q?
1. p = 0, q =
2. p = , q = 0
4. p = q
5. p = 2q
3. p = q
231
232
3. II and IV only
Conceptual 20 Q21
36:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
4. I and IV only
5. II and III only
Part 1 of 2
What shape are the security mirrors often
placed high in the corners of stores?
1. Bowed outward
6. All of these
Holt SF 14C 01
36:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
2. Bowed inward
3. flat
Part 2 of 2
Why are the security mirrors shaped that
way?
I) to capture a wide field of view as possible
II) to focus the cash register
III) to focus the people
Part 1 of 4
The image of a crayon appears to be 23.0
cm behind the surface of a convex mirror and
is 1.70 cm tall. The mirrors focal length is
46.0 cm.
a) How far in front of the mirror is the
crayon positioned?
Part 2 of 4
b) Calculate the magnification of the image.
1. I only
2. II only
Part 3 of 4
c) Describe the image.
3. III only
4. All of these
Conceptual 20 Q22
36:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Some of the mirrors you might see in an
amusement park make some parts of you seem
large, while at the same time making other
parts seem smaller.
How is this accomplished?
I)
II)
III)
IV)
1. I and II only
2. I and III only
233
variable.
Part 1 of 4
A convex mirror with a focal length of 0.26
m forms a 0.081 m tall image of an automobile
at a distance of 0.25 m behind the mirror.
a) How far from the mirror is the car located?
Part 3 of 4
c) Describe the image.
1. real, inverted, larger
2. virtual, inverted, larger
3. real, upright, larger
Part 2 of 4
b) What is the magnification of the image?
Part 3 of 4
c) Describe the image.
1. real, inverted, larger
2. virtual, inverted, larger
3. real, upright, larger
Part 4 of 4
d) How tall is the object?
Holt SF 14C 04
36:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
A convex mirror with a radius of curvature
of 0.550 m is placed above the aisles in a store.
a) Determine the image distance of a customer lying on the floor 3.1 m directly below
the mirror.
Part 2 of 3
b) What is the magnification of the image?
Part 3 of 3
c) Describe the image.
1. real, inverted, larger
2. virtual, inverted, larger
3. real, upright, larger
Part 2 of 4
b) What is the magnification of the image?
234
Part 1 of 3
A candle is 49 cm in front of a convex
spherical mirror that has a focal length of 35
cm.
a) What is the image distance?
Part 2 of 3
b) Calculate the magnification of the image.
Part 3 of 3
c) Describe the image.
1. real, inverted, larger
2. virtual, inverted, larger
Part 1 of 3
A spherical glass ornament is 6.00 cm in
diameter. An object is placed 10.5 cm away
from the ornament.
a) Where will its image form?
Part 2 of 3
b) What is the magnification of the image?
Part 3 of 3
c) Describe the image.
Holt SF 14Rev 36
36:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
A convex mirror with a radius of curvature
of 45.0 cm forms a 1.70 cm tall image of a
pencil at a distance of 15.8 cm behind the
mirror.
a) Find the object distance for the pencil.
Part 2 of 4
b) Find the magnification of the image.
9. None of these
Holt SF 14C 06
36:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 3 of 4
c) Describe the image.
1. real, inverted, larger
235
Holt SF 14Rev 51
36:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
The side-view mirror of an automobile has
a radius of curvature of 11.3 cm. The mirror
produces a virtual image one third the size of
the object.
How far is the object from the mirror?
Holt SF 14Rev 55
36:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A real object is placed at the zero end of
a meter stick. A large concave mirror at the
100.0 cm end of the meterstick forms an image
of the object at the 70.0 cm position. A small
convex mirror placed at the 20.0 cm position
forms a final image at the 10.00 cm point.
What is the radius of curvature of the convex mirror?
Holt SF 14Rev 56
36:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
A dedicated sports-car enthusiast polishes
the inside and outside surfaces of a hubcap
that is a section of a sphere. When he looks
into one side of the hubcap, he sees an image
236
object.
9. None of these
Part 2 of 2
Use the mirror equation and the equation
for magnification to determine which of the
following statements is true for the image of
a real object formed by any spherical mirror
with p < |f |.
1. always upright, real.
2. always inverted, real.
3. always upright, virtual.
4. always inverted, virtual.
5. None of these
Mirrors
36:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
Consider a concave mirror with radius R.
An upright object is placed
in between the interval R/2 and R.
R/2
237
238
2.
f
Hint: The convergent mirror in this problem is a part of a lens/mirror system so the
object in this problem may be either real or
virtual. Construct a ray diagram.
Given: A virtual object is located to the
right of a convergent mirror. The objects
distance from the mirror and its focal length
are shown in the figure below.
19 19
f
f
31 12
19
f 0
31
19
f
12
3.
f
19
f
12
Which diagram correctly shows the image?
0
4.
f
1.
f
0
19
f 0
31
19
f
12
19 19
f
f
31 12
239
3.
f
f
19 19
f
f
12
7
19
f
12
Which diagram correctly shows the image?
0
4.
f
1.
f
19
f
7
19 19
f
f
12
7
Spherical Mirror A 01
36:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
q
0
19
f
12
Part 1 of 2
A concave spherical mirror has a radius of
curvature of 30.2 cm . The object distance is
27.4 cm .
2.
19
f
7
19
f
12
R p
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the magnitude of the image distance.
Part 2 of 2
Find the magnification.
240
Part 2 of 2
Find the magnification.
Spherical Mirror B 01
36:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A concave spherical mirror forms a real
image 2.36 times the size of the object. The
object distance is 21.5 cm .
h
q
h
p
h
p
Scale: 10 cm =
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the magnitude of the image distance.
Part 2 of 2
Find the magnification.
Spherical Mirror A 03
36:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A concave spherical mirror has a radius of
curvature of 30.6 cm . The object distance is
4.8 cm .
h
h
R
h
q
p
p
Scale: 10 cm =
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the magnitude of the image distance.
h
h
R
h
R
241
q
Scale: 10 m =
Find the magnitude of the radius of curvature of the mirror.
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the magnitude of the radius of curvature of the mirror.
Spherical Mirror C 02
36:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A convex spherical mirror forms a virtual
image 0.52 times the size of the object. The
distance between object and image is 21 cm .
h
h
q
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the magnitude of the radius of curvature of the mirror.
Spherical Mirror C 03
36:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A concave spherical mirror forms a virtual
242
4. None of these
2. round
Part 2 of 3
b) Find the magnification.
3. square
4. pentagon
Part 3 of 3
c) Describe the image.
5. hexagon
Holt SF 15B 01
243
0.50.
g) Find the image distance if the object
distance is 5.0 cm.
Part 8 of 8
h) Find the focal length.
Holt SF 15Rev 24
36:08, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 6
An object is placed in front of a diverging
lens with a focal length of 20.0 cm.
a) Find the image distance for an object
distance of 40.0 cm.
Part 2 of 6
b) Find the magnification.
Part 3 of 6
c) Find the image distance for an object distance of 20.0 cm.
Part 4 of 6
d) Find the magnification.
Part 5 of 6
e) Find the image distance for an object distance of 10.0 cm.
Part 6 of 6
f) Find the magnification.
Part 4 of 8
d) Find the magnification.
Holt SF 15Rev 25
36:08, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 5 of 8
Consider a diverging lens of focal length 6.0
cm.
e) Find the image distance if the object
distance is 4.0 cm.
Part 1 of 2
A person looks at a gem using a converging
lens with a focal length of 12.5 cm. The lens
forms a virtual image 30.0 cm from the lens.
a) Find the magnification.
Part 6 of 8
f) Find the magnification.
Part 2 of 2
b) Describe the image.
Part 7 of 8
Consider a diverging lens of magnification
244
Holt SF 15Rev 46
36:08, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 15Rev 47
36:08, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A microscope slide is placed in front of a
converging lens with a focal length of 2.44 cm.
The lens forms an image of the slide 12.9 cm
from the lens.
a) How far is the lens from the slide if the
image is real?
Part 2 of 2
b) How far is the lens from the slide if the
image is virtual?
Holt SF 15Rev 48
36:08, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
a) Where must an object be placed to form
an image 30.0 cm from a diverging lens with
a focal length of 40.0 cm?
Part 2 of 2
b) Find the magnification of the image.
Holt SF 15Rev 55
36:08, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
An objects distance from a converging lens
is 10.0 times the focal length.
How far is the image from the lens? Express
245
Part 1 of 2
A nature photographer is using a camera
that has a lens with a focal length of 4.80
cm. The photographer is taking pictures of
ancient trees in a forest and wants the lens to
be focused on a very old tree that is 10.0 m
away.
a) How far must the lens be from the film
in order for the resulting picture to be clearly
focused?
Part 2 of 2
b) How much would the lens have to be moved
to take a picture of another tree that is only
1.75 m away?
2. q =
Single Lens 01
36:08, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
4. q =
Part 1 of 3
Hint: You may wish to construct a ray
diagram.
11
Given: A real object is located at p =
f
6
to the left of a convergent lens with a focal
length f as shown in the figure below.
6. q =
3. q =
5. q =
7. q =
8. q =
9. q =
10. q =
11
f.
5
13
f.
5
5
f.
2
15
f.
7
11
f.
6
8
f.
3
13
f.
6
7
f.
3
15
f.
8
15
f.
4
Part 3 of 3
Using this lens, the magnification is
11
6
The image is
( f )
6
1. M = .
5
5
2. M = .
2
5
3. M = .
3
7
4. M = .
8
13
f.
4
11
f.
9. q =
4
13
10. q =
f.
7
8. q =
Single Lens 03
36:08, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
Hint: Construct a ray diagram.
11
f
Given: A real object is located at p =
6
to the left of a convergent lens with a focal
length f as shown in the figure below.
11
0
6
The image distance q to the right of the lens
( f )
is
1. q =
2. q =
3. q =
4. q =
5. q =
6. q =
7. q =
11
f.
5
11
f.
6
5
f.
2
13
f.
6
8
f.
3
7
f.
3
7
f.
2
246
f1
f2
p1
10 m
0
15
f2 =
6.3 m
f1
f2
f2
p1
10 m
0
20 m
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
5.53 m
10
f1
247
20
25
Part 4 of 4
What is the magnification of the final image,
when compared to the initial object?
Double Lenses version 2
36:09, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
An object is placed 10 m before a convex
lens with focal length 5 m . Another convex
lens is placed 4 m behind the first lens with a
focal length 7.3 m (see the figure below).
Note: Make a ray diagram sketch in order
to check your numerical answer.
f1 =
f2 =
5m
7.3 m
f1 f2
f1
f2
p1
10 m
0
4m
10
15
20
Part 1 of 4
An object is placed 10 m before a convex
lens with focal length 5 m . Another convex
lens is placed 15 m behind the first lens with
a focal length 12 m (see the figure below).
Note: Make a ray diagram sketch in order
to check your numerical answer.
f1 =
f2 =
5m
12 m
f1
p1
15
f2
p1
10 m
0
5m
10
15
20
25
Part 3 of 4
At what distance is the second image from the
second lens?
15 m
10
f1
Part 2 of 4
What isfthe
magnification of the first image?
2
f2 f1
10 m
248
20
25
Part 4 of 4
What is the magnification of the final image,
when compared to the initial object?
Double Lenses version 5
36:09, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 4
An object is placed 10 m before a convex
lens with focal length 5 m . Another concave
lens is placed 18 m behind the first lens with
a focal length 12 m (see the figure below).
f1 =
5m
f1
p1
f1f2
p1
18 m
10
15
20
0
25
f2 =
3.4 m
f2
f1
f2
f2
10 m
10 m
249
5m
10
15
20
h
p
250
Part 2 of 2
Find the magnification.
Lens A 03
36:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A convergent lens has a focal length of
20.3 cm . The object distance is 9.7 cm .
q
f
h
h
h
fq
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the distance of the image from the
center of the lens.
Scale: 10 cm =
Part 2 of 2
Find the magnification.
Lens A 02
36:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 2 of 2
Find the magnification.
Part 1 of 2
A divergent lens has a focal length of 20 cm .
The object distance is 18.2 cm .
Lens B 01
36:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A convergent lens forms a real image 1.64
times the size of the object. The object distance is 10.8 cm .
h
h
f p
h
p
q
f
f
h
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the distance of the image from the
center of the lens.
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the distance of the focal point from
251
variable.
Lens B 02
36:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
h
h
fp
f
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the distance of the focal point from
the center of the lens.
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the distance of the focal point from
the center of the lens.
Lens C 02
36:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Lens B 03
36:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
h
h
fp
h
h
fq
f
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the distance of the focal point from
the center of the lens.
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the distance of the focal point from
the center of the lens.
Lens C 03
36:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Lens C 01
36:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wording-
252
1.
f
h
fq
f
19
f
12
19
f
7
Scale: 10 cm =
Find the distance of the focal point from
the center of the lens.
2.
Lens Convergent Diagram
36:10, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
Hint: The convergent lens in this problem
is a part of a lens system so the object in
this problem may be either real or virtual.
Construct a ray diagram.
Given: A real object is located to the left
of a divergent lens. The objects distance and
images distance from the lens and the lens
focal length are shown in the figures below.
19
f
7
19
f
12
3.
f
f
19
f
12
19
f
0
12
Which diagram correctly shows the image?
19
f
7
253
1.
4.
f
19
f
7
19
f
12
19 19
f
f 0
12 31
19
f
0
12
Which diagram correctly shows the image?
2.
f
19
f
12
19
f
31
3.
f
19 19
f
f 0
12 31
4.
f
19
f
12
19
f
31
254
255
tive.
Lens Maker Formula 02
36:11, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
0.9 cm
0.7 cm
R1
R2
n1
0.9 cm
0.7 cm
3. f =
4. f =
5. f =
This lens is
1. divergent since the focal length is negative.
2. convergent since the focal length is positive.
3. divergent since the focal length is positive.
4. convergent since the focal length is nega-
n2
6. f =
7. f =
8. f =
9. f =
10. f =
n1
R.
n1 n 2
2 n1
R.
n2 n 1
2 n1
R.
n1 n 2
n1
R.
n2 n 1
n1
R.
2 (n2 n1 )
n1
R.
2 (n1 n2 )
2 n2
R.
n2 n 1
n2
R.
n2 n 1
n2
R.
2 (n2 n1 )
n2
R.
2 (n1 n2 )
Part 2 of 2
The lens is
256
8. E, G, X, and K
9. Q, G, and X
10. Y, X, and E
Thin Lens 06
36:11, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
The magnitudes of the radii of curvature for the spherical surfaces A and B
are, respectively, |RA | = a and |RB | =
3 a.
The material of which the lens is
made has an index of refraction n = 1.5.
5. f = a
6. f = a
1. G, D, and E
7. f = 2 a
2. D, K, and Y
8. f = 3 a
3. Q, G, and D
4. D, Y, and E
5. K, Q, and Y
6. E, G, and K
7. K, Y, G, and E
257
258
259
260
261
262
1. Blue
2. Red
3. Either
Concept 29 14
37:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What happens to the distance between interference fringes if the separation between
two slits is increased?
1. Increases
Holt SF 16A 02
37:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Light falls on a double slit with slit separation of 2.02 106 m, and the first bright
fringe is seen at an angle of 16.5 relative to
the central maximum.
What is the wavelength of the light?
2. Decreases
3. Remains unchanged
Holt SF 16A 03
37:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
4. 546.173 nm
Holt SF 16A 04
37:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
7. Unable to determine.
263
5. None of these.
6. 656.326 nm
Part 2 of 3
b) Determine the angle of the third-order
maximum.
Part 3 of 3
c) Determine the angle of the fourth-order
minimum.
Holt SF 16Rev 11
37:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
All but two gaps within a set of venetian blinds have been blocked off to create a
double-slit system. These gaps are separated
by a distance of 3.2 cm. Infrared radiation
is then passed through the two gaps in the
blinds. The angle between the central and
the second-order maxima in the interference
pattern is 0.56 .
What is the wavelength of the radiation?
Holt SF 16Rev 28
37:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A double-slit interference experiment is
performed using blue light from a hydrogen
discharge tube ( = 486 nm). The fifth-order
bright fringe in the interference pattern is
0.578 from the central maximum.
How far apart are the two slits separated?
Holt SF 16Rev 29
37:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A beam containing light of wavelengths of
1 and 2 passes through a set of parallel slits.
In the interference pattern, the fourth bright
line of the 1 light occurs at the same position
264
19 mm
S1
viewing
screen
0.092 mm
Part 1 of 2
Two narrow parallel slits are illuminated
with light of wavelength 700 nm.
S2
15 m
What is the phase difference between the
two interfering waves on a screen at a point
19 mm from the central bright fringe?
Part 2 of 2
What is the ratio of the intensity at this
point to the intensity at the center of a bright
fringe?
265
2
3
4
L
Figure: Not drawn to scale.
Find the path difference difference between
two rays from adjacent slits which gives rise
to the first minimum.
2. =
3. =
4. =
6. =
7. =
8. =
5. =
2. =
4. =
7. =
5. =
1. =
6. =
1. =
3. =
6
1
4
1
5
2
5
3
4
3
5
2
3
1
9. = 2
8. =
3
1
2
2
5
1
4
3
4
3
5
1
5
2
9. = 2
10. =
Part 3 of 3
What is the phase angle difference between
two adjacent rays, at the principal maximum?
1. = 2
2. =
3. =
4. =
5. =
6. =
7. =
8. =
10. =
9. =
Part 2 of 3
Find the phase angle difference between two
266
3
2
3
1
4
1
2
3
4
2
5
3
5
4
10. =
267
1. = 2
2. =
3. =
4. =
1
y
2
3
5. =
6. =
4
7. =
5
6
8. =
L
Figure: Not drawn to scale.
Find the path difference difference between
two rays from adjacent slits which gives rise
to the first minimum.
1. =
5. =
2. =
3. =
4. =
6. =
7. =
8. =
6
1
4
1
5
2
5
3
4
3
5
2
3
1
9. = 2
10. =
Part 2 of 2
What is the phase angle difference between
9. =
3
2
3
1
4
1
2
3
4
2
5
3
5
4
10. =
MultiSlits 03
37:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
Given: The setup of a four slit diffraction
experiment shown in the figure.
1
2
3
4
2. =
5
1
6
2
5
3
4
3
5
2
3
1
3. =
4. =
6. =
7. =
8. =
268
5
1
4
3
4
3
5
1
5
2
9. = 2
10. =
9. = 2
MultiSlits 05
37:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
10. =
MultiSlits 04
37:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
Given: The setup of a six slit diffraction
experiment shown in the figure.
1
y
2
3
3
4
5
L
Figure: Not drawn to scale.
Find the phase angle difference between two
rays from adjacent slits which gives rise to the
first minimum.
1
3
1
5. =
2
1. =
5
1
2. =
3
1
3. =
2
2
4. =
5
1. =
and
and
and
and
1
5
1
=
5
1
=
5
1
=
6
=
3
1
2
2
5
1
3
1
10. =
and =
and =
and =
and =
and =
and =
1
6
1
6
1
4
1
4
1
4
269
30 cm
30 cm
Consider two ways that light might hypothetically get from its starting point S to its
final point F by being reflected by a mirror at
either point A or point B. Since light travels
at a fixed speed in air, the path of the least
time will also be the path of the least distance.
S
F
40 cm
A
40 cm
B
270
6. t =
if n1 < n2 , then = .
2
7. t =
8. t =
and
2
if n1 < n2 , then = .
2
9. t =
4. If n1 > n2 , then =
8n
4n
2n
3
4n
n
n
8
n
4
n
2
3n
4
10. t = n
An Optical Coating S
37:07, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
271
n
lens
n
lens
8n
4n
2n
3
4n
n
n
8
n
4
n
2
3n
4
10. t = n
Coating on a Camera Lens 1
37:07, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
A thin film of cryolite ( nc = 1.35 ) is applied to a camera lens ( ng = 1.5 ). The
coating is designed to reflect wavelengths at
the blue end of the spectrum and transmit
wavelengths in the near infrared.
What minimum thickness gives high transmission at = 900 nm?
Concept 29 25
37:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Because of wave interference a film of oil on
water seems to be yellow to observers directly
above in an airplane.
What color does it appear to a scuba diver
directly below?
1. yellow
2. blue
3. black
4. none of these
Thin Film thickness
37:07, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
A material with index of refraction n = 1.3
is used to coat a piece of glass (nglass = 1.5).
What should be the minimum thickness of
this film in order to minimize reflection of
light, which has a wavelength in vacuum?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
272
6.
7.
8.
9.
4
n
2
n
3
n
4
2n
3n
4n
273
274
4. None of these
2. large
Concept 29 03
38:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why do radio waves diffract around buildings, while light waves do not?
1. Radio waves travel much slower than light
waves.
2. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves
while light waves are not.
3. Radio waves have a much longer wavelengths than light waves.
4. None of these
Concept 29 05
38:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why can TV channels of lower numbers
give better pictures in regions of poor TV
reception? (Lower channel numbers represent
lower carrier frequencies.)
1. Diffraction around buildings is easier for
275
Part 2 of 3
b) Calculate the angular separation for the
two lines in the second order.
Part 3 of 3
c) Calculate the angular separation for the
two lines in the third order.
Holt SF 16Rev 19 20
38:12, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 16B 02
38:12, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Light with a wavelength of 707 nm is
passed through a diffraction grating with 795
slits/cm.
a) Find the angle at which one would ob-
Part 1 of 2
276
277
1. Yes.
Concept 35 04
39:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Suppose that a person riding on the top of
a freight car shines a searchlight beam in the
direction in which the train is traveling.
How does the speed of the light beam relative to the ground compare to the speed of
beam when the train is at rest?
1. Faster
2. No.
Concept 35 10
39:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Suppose that the light bulb in the rocket
ship (shown in the figures below) is closer to
the front than to the rear of the compartment,
so that the observer in the ship sees the light
reaching the front before it reaches the back.
2. Slower
3. No change
Concept 35 07
39:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Light travels more slowly in glass than in
air.
Does this contradict the theory of relativity?
1. Yes; the theory of relativity cannot be
applied in a transparent medium.
2. Yes; but the theory of relativity is correct
in air.
3. No; another theory supports the contradiction.
4. No; the speed of light in space is constant.
Concept 35 08
39:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If two lightning bolts hit exactly the same
place at exactly the same time in one frame of
reference, is it possible that observers in other
frames will see the bolts hitting at different
times or at different places?
278
279
280
Concept 35 06
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Concept 35 02
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
1. Time
2. Dimension
3. Length
Concept 35 09
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Event A occurs before event B in a certain
frame of reference.
How could event B occur before event A in
some other frame of reference?
1. Its impossible.
281
things.
3. The moving points are imaginary.
4. This is an exception of the theory of special relativity.
Concept 35 18
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Is it possible for a son or daughter to be
biologically older than his or her parents?
1. Yes if the parents travel very long time in
a high-speed space ship.
2. Yes if the child travels very long time in a
high-speed space ship.
3. No; children always stay younger than
their parents.
Concept 35 19
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If you were in a rocket ship traveling away
from the Earth at a speed close to the speed
of light, what changes would you note in your
pulse? In your volume?
1. Slower pulse and smaller volume
2. Faster pulse and larger volume
3. No changes; you observed yourself in the
same reference frame.
4. No changes because of time dilation
Concept 35 20
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
282
1. Increases
2. Decreases
3. The density cannot be measured when
bodies move very fast.
4. No difference
Concept 35 24
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The formula relating speed, frequency, and
wavelength of electormagnetic waves, c = f ,
was known before relativity was developed.
Relativity has not changed this equation
but it has added which new feature to it?
Part 1 of 3
Electrons end their trip down the Stanford
accelerator with an energy thousands of times
their rest energy.
In theory, if you could travel with them,
would you notice an increase in their energy?
1. Electrons would have the same increase
in energy.
2. Electrons would have their rest energy.
283
Concept 35 32
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A chunk of radioactive material encased in
an idealized perfectly insulating blanket gets
warmer as its nuclei decay and release energy.
How do the masses of the radioactive material and the blanket, respectively, change?
1. Decreases; decreases
2. Decreases; increases
Part 3 of 3
In your moving frame of reference, what would
be the approximate speed of the target they
are about to hit?
1. Much less than the speed of light
2. Equal to the speed of light
3. Close to the speed of light
4. Greater than the speed of light
Concept 35 31
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Two safety pins, identical except that one
is latched and one is unlatched, are placed in
identical acid baths.
After the pins are dissolved, what, if anything, is the difference in the two acid baths?
1. The bath that dissolved the latched pin
will be colder and more massive.
2. The bath that dissolved the unlatched
pin will have more mass than that of latched
pin.
3. The unlatched pin will not be dissolved,
while the latched pin will be dissolved well.
4. The bath that dissolved the unlatched pin
will be colder with no difference in mass.
3. Increases; increases
2. Increase; decrease
Concept 35 33
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The electrons that illuminate the screen
in a typical television picture tube travel
at nearly one-fourth the speed of light and
have nearly 3% more energy than hypothetical non-relativistic electrons traveling at the
same speed.
Does this relativistic effect tend to increase
or decrease your electic bill?
1. Increases; the relativistic electrons require
extra momentum and energy.
2. Decreases; the relativistic electrons travel
very fast.
3. No effect; there is no change in momentum and energy of relativistic electrons.
4. Your bill is independent of the momentum
and energy of electrons.
Concept 35 34
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Can the idea of the correspondence principle be applied outside physical science?
284
cally.
1. Yes; it just makes good sense.
2. No; it does not work outside of physics.
3. No; it works only in the relativistic
physics.
4. The correspondence principle is not valid
these days.
Concept 35 38
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
One of the fads of the future might be century hoping, where occupants of high-speed
spaceships would depart from the Earth for
several years and return centuries later.
What are the present-day obstacles to such
a practice?
1. We are in the same frame of reference.
Concept 36 02
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
You wake up at night in your berth on a
train to find yourself being pulled to one
side of the train. You naturally assume that
the train is rounding a curve but you are
puzzled that you dont hear any sounds of
motion.
Which of the following is NOT a possible
explanation?
1. The train has stopped on a banked section
of a track.
1. Yes; the theory shows that there are various frames of reference.
2. The train has stopped next to some superdense matter to which you are highly attracted.
2. Yes; the theory does not provide for traveling backward in time.
285
Concept 36 08
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
286
Concept 36 24
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why does the gravitational attraction between the sun and Mercury vary? Would it
vary if the orbit of Mercury were perfectly
circular?
1. The orbit of Mercury about the sun is
not perfect circle; no variation of the suns
gravitational field.
2. The mass of Mercury charges during its
orbit; no variation of the Suns gravitational
field.
3. A comet travels near Mercury periodically; no variation of the Suns gravitational
field.
4. Mercury is located very close to the sun;
287
2. A radiation is detected.
3. Masses oscillate.
4. Charges oscillate.
Conceptual 28 08
39:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Calculate the Lorentz factor for objects
traveling at 99.9% of the speed of light.
Conceptual 28 09
39:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
What is the apparent mass of a 1-kg object that has been accelerated to 99% of light
speed?
Conceptual 28 Q01
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
For each of the following situations specify
whether you are in a uniformly moving reference frame or an accelerated reference frame,
respectively.
A. You are in your car, slowing down to make
a stop;
B. You are floating deep in space, far from
the effects of gravity;
C. You are standing still on the surface of the
earth.
288
3. is falling forward
2. the backward laser light moves faster.
4. is not falling
3. they both move at the same speed.
Conceptual 28 Q03
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
You are riding on a flatbed truck moving
at 50 kilometers per hour. You have two
identical guns, one aimed forward and one
aimed backward, and you fire them at the
same time.
According to an observer in the ground,
1. the forward bullet appears to move
faster.
2. the backward bullet appears to move
faster.
3. they both appear to move at the same
speed.
Part 2 of 2
According to an observer on the truck
1. the forward laser light moves faster.
2. the backward laser light moves faster.
3. they both move at the same speed.
Conceptual 28 Q08
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Does relativity theoretically allow you to go
backward in time into the past?
1. Yes
2. No
Part 2 of 2
According to an observer on the truck,
1. the forward bullet appears to move
faster.
2. the backward bullet appears to move
faster.
Part 2 of 2
An object travelling at the speed of light can
be accelerated all the way to (or faster than)
the speed of light.
1. true
2. false
Conceptual 28 Q10
39:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
As you ride in an elevator, when is the
apparent acceleration smaller than the acceleration due to gravity outside the elevator (on
the surface of the Earth)?
1. when the elevator is accelerating downward
2. when the elevator is at rest
289
290
What is the width of the building as measured by a friend standing at rest next to the
building?
Part 2 of 2
What height of the building would be measured by the friend?
Conceptual 28 Q13
39:06, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Due to the length contraction, you notice
that a passing train appears to be shorter
than when it is stationary.
What do the people in the train observe
about you?
1. They observe you to appear longer than
when you are at stationary.
2. They observe you to appear as you are at
stationary.
3. They observe you to appear shorter than
when you are at stationary
Problems 35 06
39:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Problems 35 08
39:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Conceptual 28 05
39:06, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
Elliot is traveling by a building at
150000 km/s, moving along the width of the
building. He measures the building to be 50 m
wide and 100 m tall.
291
formed high in the atmosphere by the interactions of cosmic rays with atomic nuclei in the
upper atmosphere. They receive a lot of energy from the original cosmic ray and travel
at speeds close to the speed of light. Muons
have an average lifetime of about two millionths of a second and according to classical
physics should decay before reaching the sea
level. Laboratory measurements, however,
show that muons in great number do reach
the Earths surface.
What is the explanation?
Concept 35 17
39:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A twin who makes a long trip at relativistic
speeds returns younger than his twin sister
who stayed at home.
Could he return before his twin sister was
born?
4. Time dilation confuses you and your dentist about the correct time.
Concept 35 36
39:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Muons are elementary particles that are
292
2. Charity
3. There will be no difference.
4. More information is needed.
Conceptual 28 04
39:07, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Anna is watching the stars late at night
when she sees a spaceship pass at 80% of the
speed of light; 10 seconds pass on Earth as she
watches a clock on the spaceship.
How much time passes on the spaceship
clock?
Conceptual 28 Q06
39:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
You and a friend buy two identical watches.
Some days later you see your friend travelling
relative to you at 25% of the speed of light.
Which watch is running factor?
1. friends
1. At the top
2. yours
2. At the bottom
3. same speed
Conceptual 28 Q07
39:07, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
293
Conceptual 28 Q20
39:07, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
You are jealous of your younger brother,
who looks very young for his age. You are
interested in reducing the rate at which you
age relative to him. Having heard of general
relativity and the effect of gravity on time,
you decide that you need to spend more time
at an altitude that makes you age more slowly
relative to your brother.
Using only gravity considerations, which
job would meet your needs?
294
295
Figuring Physics 07
39:08, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
1. 0.5c
3. c
2. 0.98c
4. 2c
Relative Speeds
39:08, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
STAR
STAR
SUN
MOON
OBSERVER
Problems 35 02
39:08, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
296
297
298
Part 3 of 3
If you could convert 1 g of hydrogen into
energy every second through nuclear fusion,
the energy produced would be equivalant to
how many 1-gigawatt power plants?
Conceptual 28 12
39:10, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Part 1 of 2
If you were able to extract 100% of the
energy available in 1 kg of hydrogen, how
much energy would you have?
Part 2 of 2
How much energy would be available from
1 kg of uranium if the same 100% efficiency
were attained in this extraction?
Figuring Physics 33
39:10, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Einsteins celebrated equation, E = m c2
states that energy is equal to the mass of
an object multiplied by the speed of light
squared.
What the equation means is
1. energy and mass both travel at the speed
of light.
2. when mass travels at the speed of light it
becomes pure energy.
3. when mass travels at the speed of light
squared it becomes pure energy.
4. mass and energy are related.
5. (all of these).
6. (none of these).
Problems 35 10
39:10, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
The fractional change of masses to energy in
a fission reactor is about 0.1uranium that un-
299
300
Chapter 39, section 13, Conservation of Relativistic Momentum, Mass, and Energy
Concept 35 28
39:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If a high-speed spaceship appears shrunken
to half its normal length, how does its momentum compare with the classical formula
p = m v?
1. 0.5 m v
2. 0.87 m v
3. m v
4. 2 m v
301
Chapter 39, section 17, General Relativity and Accelerating Reference Frames
302
Concept 36 19
39:17, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Is light emitted from the surface of a massive star red-shifted or blue-shifted by gravity?
1. Red shifted
2. Blue shifted
3. No shift
4. It depends on the mass of star.
Concept 36 20
39:17, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
From our frame of reference on Earth,
objects slow to a stop as they approach
black holes in space because time is infinitely
stretched by the strong gravity near the black
hole.
If astronauts accidentally falling into a
black hole tried to signal back to Earth by
flashing a light, what kind of telescope
would we need to see the signals?
1. one sensitive to the X-rays
2. one sensitive to the ultra violet light
3. one sensitive to the visible lights
Chapter 39, section 17, General Relativity and Accelerating Reference Frames
303
1. Yes.
4. one sensitive to radio waves
2. No.
Concept 36 21
39:17, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Would an astronaut falling into a black hole
see the surrounding universe red-shifted or
blue-shifted?
Concept 36 26
39:17, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Do binary stars (double-star systems that
orbit about a common center of mass) radiate
gravitational waves? Why or why not?
1. Red shifted
1. Yes; they are the accelerating masses.
2. Blue shifted
3. No shift
4. It depends on the gravity of the black
hole.
Concept 36 22
39:17, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
How can we observe a black hole if neither
matter nor radiation can escape from it?
1. We can observe the radiation from it.
2. We can use X-ray telescopes which are
very sensitive to very short wavelengths.
2. No.
304
fixed.
Concept 40 1
40:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What is correct about quantum physics?
1. Quantum physics is characterized by absolute predictability.
2. Quantum physics rules dont apply for
subatomic particles.
Concept 40 30
40:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Concept 40 19
40:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The camera that takes photograph of a
womans face used ordinary lenses that are
well known to refract waves. Yet the stepby-step formation of the images is evidence of
photons.
Which of the following is not right?
1. Light refracting through the lens system is
understandable via the wave model of light.
2. The arrival of light spot by spot to form
the image is understandable via the particle
model of light.
3. Single photons only have particle properties whereas light, composed of many photons,
has wave properties.
2. less
3. the same
305
2. positive
3. negative
4. zero
Concept 40 33
40:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Suppose you lived in a hypothetical world
where youd be knocked down by a single photon, where matter would be so wavelike that it
would be fuzzy and hard to grasp, and where
the uncertainty principle would impinge on
simple measurements of position and speed in
a laboratory, making results irreproducible.
In such a world, how would Plancks constant compare to what it is in reality?
Concept 40 41
40:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
A typical wavelength of infrared radiation
emitted by your body is 2.5 105 m.
What is the energy per photon of such radiation?
Concept 40 4
40:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The frequency of violet light is about twice
that of red light.
How does the energy of a violet photon
compare with the energy of a red photon?
1. twice as energetic as red photons
1. extremely large
2. extremely small
3. equal
Concept 40 5
40:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which of the following is not right?
306
3. Green
4. Blue
Holt SF 23A 02
40:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A vibrating mass-spring system has a frequency of 0.56 Hz.
How much energy of this vibration is carried
away in a one-quantum change?
Holt SF 23A 03
40:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A photon in a laboratory experiment has
an energy of 5.0 eV.
What is the frequency of this photon?
Holt SF 23A 04
40:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
Radiation emitted from human skin reaches
its peak at = 940 m.
a) What is the frequency of this radiation?
Part 2 of 3
b) What type of electromagnetic waves are
307
these?
1. infrared waves
2. microwaves
1. Blue
3. radio waves
2. Red
4. visible light
3. White
5. ultraviolet light
4. Yellow
6. x rays
5. None of these
7. gamma rays
Part 3 of 3
c) How much energy is carried by one quantum of these electromagnetic waves?
Holt SF 23Rev 14
40:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
A quantum of electromagnetic radiation
has an energy of 2.0 keV.
What is its frequency?
Holt SF 23Rev 15
40:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 3
The energy of a photon increases as its
wavelength decreases.
a) What is the energy of a microwave photon with a wavelength of 5.00 cm?
Part 2 of 3
b) What is the energy of a visible photon
with a wavelength of 5.00107 m?
Part 3 of 3
c) What is the energy of an X-ray photon
with a wavelength of 5.00 108 m?
Holt SF 23Rev 45
40:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
normal.
Holt SF 23Rev 50
40:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
How many photons are emitted every 1.00
s by a 100.0 W sodium lamp if the wavelength
of sodium light is 589.3 nm?
Holt SF 23Rev 51
40:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
From the scattering of sunlight, Thomson
found that the classical radius of the electron
is 2.82 1015 m. If sunlight with an intensity of 5.00 102 W/m2 falls on a disk with
this radius, estimate the time required to accumulate 1.0 eV of energy. Assume that light
is a classical wave and that the light striking
the disk is completely absorbed.
How does your estimate compare with the
observation that photoelectrons are emitted
within 109 s?
Wavelength of a Photon
40:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
A quantum of electromagnetic radiation
has an energy of 2 keV.
What is its wavelength? The speed of light
is c = 2.99792 108 m/s, and Plancks constant is h = 6.62608 1034 J s.
1. No; the filament will have the same temperature as its environment.
2. No; the filament will be dark at room
temperature.
3. Yes; the filament will be at a temperature
that is greater than absolute zero.
4. Yes; the filament has a smaller heat capacity than its environment.
Concept 30 37
40:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
D2
1.
=
D1
1
2
D2
2.
=
D1
2
1
D2
=
D1
1
2
3/2
1. Red
D2
=
4.
D1
D2
=
5.
D1
D2
6.
=
D1
2
1
1
2
2
1
3/2
2. White
D2
=
7.
D1
1
2
1/2
3.
308
3. Violet
4. There will be no color at all.
1/2
D2
2
8.
=
D1
1
D2
9.
=1
D1
D2
10.
= (1 2 )1/3
D1
Concept 30 34
40:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
We know that a lamp filament at 2500 K
radiates white light.
Does the lamp filament also radiate energy
when it is at room temperature?
Figuring Physics 13
40:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Youre a consultant to a manufacturer of
space gear that wants to encase instruments
in a covering that will have two properties: (1)
absorb as little energy as possible on the side
of the package facing the sun, and (2) emit
as little energy as possible on the side facing
away from the sun. You should recommend a
covering with
1. the side facing the sun black and the other
side shiny.
2. the side facing the sun shiny and the other
side black.
3. both sides shiny.
309
310
fixed.
Concept 30 21
40:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Your friend reasons that if ultraviolet light
can activate the process of fluorescence, infrared light should also. Your friend looks to
you for approval or disapproval of this idea.
What is your position?
1. Your friend is correct; if the intensity of
the infrared light is strong enough, fluorescence will be easily activated.
2. Your friend could be wrong; the energy
of the ultraviolet photon is higher than the
energy of infrared photon, so the fluorescence
activated by the ultraviolet light may not necessarily be activated by the infrared light.
3. It depends; we need to know the intensity
and the duration of the irradiation that will
be used to activate the fluorescence.
4. None of these
2. Dim source of blue light
Concept 30 22
40:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
3. Equally possible.
4. It requires a case-by-case analysis.
Concept 40 12
40:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
1. Electrons
2. Photons
3. Neutrons
311
fixed.
3. The charge remains the same.
The photoelectric effect is used to open
automatic doors when someone approaches.
The door utilizes a beam of light that continuously shines on a photodetector.
Why does the door open automatically
when you block the beam by walking through
it?
1. The generation of electrons in the photodetector ceases.
2. The generation of protons in the photodetector ceases.
3. The number of protons generated in the
photodetector decreases.
4. The number of electrons generated in the
photodetector increases.
Concept 40 14
40:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If you shine an ultraviolet light on the metal
ball of a negatively charged electroscope, what
will happen?
1. The charge increases.
2. The charge decreases.
3. The charge remains the same.
4. It requires a case-by-case analysis.
Concept 40 15
40:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If you shine an ultraviolet light on the metal
ball of a positively charged electroscope, what
will happen?
312
4. yellow
Concept 40 8
40:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Silver bromide is a light-sensitive substance
used in some types of photographic film. To
cause exposure of film, it must be illuminated
with light having sufficient energy to break
apart the molecules. This film may be handled without danger of exposure in a darkroom illuminated with a certain light.
Which light?
Concept 40 7
40:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
1. ultraviolet radiation
2. visible radiation
4. ultrared radiation
Conceptual 22 Q13
40:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
313
fixed.
Which light photon is more effective at inducing the photoelectric effect than visible
light photons?
1. Ultraviolet light has more energy per photon than visible light. Therefore an ultraviolet
photon is more likely able to give an electron
enough energy to escape a metal surface.
2. Visible light has more energy per photon than ultraviolet light . Therefore a visible
light photon is more likely able to give an
electron enough energy to escape a metal surface.
Hewitt CP9 31 P01
40:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
A typical wavelength of infrared radiation
emitted by your body is 2.5 105 m .
Find the energy per photon of such radiation.
The speed of light is 2.998 108 m/s.
Holt SF 23B 01
40:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Holt SF 23B 03
40:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Light of frequency 1.00 1015 Hz illuminates a sodium surface. The ejected photoelectrons are found to have a maximum kinetic energy of 1.86 eV.
Calculate the work function of sodium.
Holt SF 23B 04
40:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
Which of the following metals will exibit
the photoelectric effect when light with a frequency of 7.0 1014 Hz frequency is shone on
it?
a. lithium, hft = 2.3eV
b. silver, hft = 4.7eV
c. cesium, hft = 2.14eV
1. Lithium and cesium
2. Lithium
3. Cesium
4. Lithium and silver
5. Silver
6. None of these
Holt SF 23Rev 16
40:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Light of wavelength 350 nm falls on a potassium surface, and the photoelectrons have a
maximum kinetic energy of 1.3 eV.
a) What is the work function of potassium?
Light of frequency 1.5 1015 Hz illuminates a piece of tin, and the tin emits photoelectrons with a maximum kinetic energy of
1.2 eV.
What is the threshold frequency of the
metal?
Part 2 of 2
b) What is the threshold frequency for potassium?
Holt SF 23Rev 17
40:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
314
Holt SF 23Rev 43
40:04, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Holt SF 23Rev 52
40:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
Electrons are ejected from a surface with
1. a and b
2. a and c
3. a and d
4. a and e
5. b and e
6. b and c
7. b and d
8. c and d
9. c and e
10. d and e
315
316
5. None of these
317
318
319
Concept 41 11
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Concept 41 28
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
1. hydrogen
2. Brownian motion is apparent only for
macroscopic particles.
3. Brownian motion is apparent both for
microscopic and macroscopic particles.
2. carbon
3. nitrogen
4. oxygen
Concept 41 30
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which of the following elements would you
pedict to have properties most like those of
silicon?
1. aluminum
2. phosphorus
3. germanium
Concept 41 33
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The atoms that compose your body are
mostly empty space, and structures such as
the chair youre sitting on are composed of
atoms that are also mostly empty space.
Why dont you fall through the chair?
1. Macroscopic matter is too big to get
through the microscopic empty space.
320
2. liquid
3. equally strong
4. It requires a case-by-case analysis.
Concept 41 45
41:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Concept 41 3
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
The diameter of an atom is about 1.0
1010 meter.
How many atoms make a line a millionth of
a meter long?
Part 2 of 3
How many atoms cover a square a millionth
of a meter on a side?
Part 3 of 3
How many atoms fill a cube a millionth of a
meter on a side?
Concept 41 6
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which are older, the atoms in the body of
an elderly person or those in the body of a
baby?
1. an elderly person
2. a baby
3. of equal age
4. It requires a case-by-case analysis.
Concept 41 35
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Concept 41 7
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
1. solid
321
particles?
3. a chemical reaction
1. collisions among gas molecules
4. Unable to determine
Concept 41 8
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A class of meteorites called chondrites contains a relative abundance of elements identical to the relative abundance observed in the
sun (except for the volatile gases hydrogen
and helium).
What does this scientific finding suggest
about the origin of the solar system?
1. The entire solar system probably had a
common origin.
2. It took millions of years for most of the
solar system to appear after the first particles
appeared.
3. No conclusion can be drawn.
4. Attempting to correlate meteorite composition and the origin of the solar system is
bad science.
Conceptual 09 Q2
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A carbon atom and an iron atom are moving in the same speed.
Which atom has more kinetic energy?
1. The carbon atom
2. The iron atom
3. They have the same kinetic energy.
Conceptual 09 Q8
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What causes the Brownian motion of dust
Conceptual 21 Q04
41:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Advertisers often describe improvements in
their products as a quantum leap.
Is this an appropriate use of the term?
I) A quantum leap is a jump with no stops
in between.
II) A quantum leap is an appropriate analog if the product make a significant improvement.
III) A quantum leap is not an appropriate
analog if the product make a significant
improvement.
1. I only
322
323
3. equally valuable
4. It requires a case-by-case analysis.
Concept 41 23
41:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom,
what nucleus remains?
1. original oxygen
2. an isotope of oxygen
3. nitrogen
4. carbon
Concept 41 24
41:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What element results if you add a pair of
protons to the nucleus of mercury?
1. original mercury
Concept 41 25
41:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What element results if two protons and
two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?
1. original radium
324
2. an isotope of radium
3. polonium
4. radon
5. thorium
6. uranium
Carbon, with a half-full outer shell of electrons, readily shares its electrons with other
atoms and forms a vast number of molecules,
many of which are the organic molecules that
form the backbone of living matter.
Looking at the periodic table, which element might play a role like carbon in life
forms on some other planet?
Concept 41 26
41:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
1. hydrogen
3. oxygen
2. carbon
4. silicon
5. aluminum
Concept 41 32
41:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which contributes more to an atoms mass:
electrons or protons? Which contributes more
to an atoms size?
1. protons; electrons
Concept 41 29
41:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
2. protons; protons
4. electrons; electrons
1. original nitrogen
2. an isotope of nitrogen
3. carbon
3. electrons; protons
Conceptual 21 Q05
41:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What can be said about the Rutherford
model of an atom based on Newtons laws of
motion, the laws of thermodynamics, and the
nature of electromagnetic radiation?
4. oxygen
Concept 41 31
41:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
325
326
4. No
Concept 41 15
41:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
How many atoms are in a molecule of
ethanol?
1. six
2. three
3. two
1. decreases
4. nine
2. increases
5. ten
3. No change
4. It cannot be determined without a direct
measurement.
Concept 11 41
41:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
normal.
During a certain thermodynamic process a
sample of gas expands and cools, reducing its
internal energy by 3000 J, while no heat is
added or taken away.
How much work is done during this process?
Concept 11 4
Concept 41 19
41:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Gasoline contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Yet nitrogen oxide and nitrogen
dioxide are produced when gasoline burns.
What is the source of the nitrogen atoms?
1. created from the hydrogen atoms of gasoline by burning
2. created from the carbon atoms of gasoline
by burning
3. created from the interaction of the carbon
327
Concept 41 43
41:03, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
Gas A is composed of diatomic molecules
of a pure element. Gas B is composed of
monatomic molecules of another pure element. Gas A has 3 times the mass of an
equal volume of gas B at the same temperature and pressure.
How do the atomic masses of elements A
and B compare?
Concept 41 44
41:03, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
328
massive?
1. The C60 atom
Part 2 of 2
If all the molecules from Julius Caesars last
dying breath are now thoroughly mixed in the
atmosphere, how many of these on the average
do we inhale with each single breath?
Concept 41 48
41:03, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Assume that the present world population
of about 6 109 people is about 1/20 the
number of people who ever lived on Earth.
How does the number of people who ever
lived compare to 1 1022 , the number of air
molecules in a single breath?
Concept 41 5
41:03, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The average speed of a perfume vapor
molecule at room temperature may be about
300 m/s, but the speed at which the scent
travels across the room is much less. Why?
1. Vapor molecules travel slower than air
molecules.
2. Vapors move randomly.
3. There are many collisions with other
molecules in the air.
4. Scent will actually travel across a room at
almost 300 m/s.
Conceptual 09 Q3
41:03, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
Fullerenes are large molecules of carbon
containing at least 60 carbon atoms. Discovered in 1985, fullerenes take a roughly
spherical shape, with the carbon atoms arranged in such a way to make them look like
soccer balls.
Is a C60 molecule or a single gold atom more
329
4. None of these
Concept 30 43
41:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 3
Consider just four of the energy levels in a
certain atom, as shown in the diagram below.
n=4
n=3
n=2
1. six
2. four
n=1
3. five
4. three
Concept 41 4
41:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
4. 2.90933 1016 Hz
6. 2.03653 1015 Hz
330
5. 7.27334 1015 Hz
7. 3.63667 1014 Hz
8. 3.63667 1016 Hz
9. 9.09167 1015 Hz
10. 2.54567 1015 Hz
Hewitt CP9 32 E06
41:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why does classical physics predict that
atoms should collapse?
1. Classical physics was not based on experiments.
2. Classical physics predicts the future of
the atomic world.
4. All of these
5. None of these
Frequency of a Lyman line
41:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
Determine the frequency of the second Lyman line, the transition from n = 3 to n = 1.
1. 2.90933 1015 Hz
2. 3.63667 1015 Hz
3. 2.90933 1014 Hz
331
332
fixed.
Concept 40 25
42:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If a proton and an electron have identical
speed, which has the longer wavelength?
1. the proton
2. the electron
Concept 40 29
42:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If a cannonball and a BB have the same
speed, which has the longer wavelength?
1. The cannonball
2. The BB
Concept 40 42
42:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
What is the de Broglie wavelength of an
electron that strikes the back of the face of a
1
TV screen at
the speed of light?
10
Concept 40 43
42:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
You decide to roll a 0.1 kg ball across the
floor so slowly that it will have a small momentum and a large de Broglie wavelength.
If you roll it at 0.001 m/s, what will its
wavelength be?
Conceptual 22 Q09
42:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
333
Holt SF 23C 03
42:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
How fast would one have to throw a 0.15 kg
baseball if it were to have a wavelength equal
to 5.00 107 m?
Plancks constant is 6.63 1034 J s.
Holt SF 23C 04
42:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
1. Electron
2. Proton
Part 2 of 2
Which one has a longer wavelength?
1. Electron
2. Proton
Hewitt CP9 31 P02
42:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
What is the de Brogile wavelength of an
electron that strikes the back of the face of a
TV screen at 0.1 the speed of light?
The speed of light is 2.998 108 m/s.
Holt SF 23C 01
42:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, wordingvariable.
With what speed would a 50.0 g rock have
to be thrown if it were to have a wavelength
of 3.32 1034 m?
Plancks constant is 6.63 1034 J s.
Holt SF 23C 02
334
335
Wave Function
Your friend, John and Jean, are both driving from Chicago to Des Moines. You know
that Jean is on the road, and you know when
she left Chicago. On the other hand, you
know that John is on the road, but you have
no idea when he left.
2
1
Chicago
Des Moines
2. Yes
336
3
2
5
2
3 1
,
2 2
1
2
5
,
2
5
2
3
,
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
0
4. 1, 0
337
338
339
of the planets.
Conceptual 21 05
46:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If a one-electron atom can occupy any of
four different energy levels, how many lines
might appear in that atoms spectrum?
1. six
2. four
5. All of these
3. five
6. None of these
4. seven
5. None of these
Conceptual 21 Q08
46:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Space probes often carry compact spectrometers among their scientific hardware.
What kind of spectroscopy might scientists
use to determine the surface composition of
the cold, outer planets that orbit the Sun?
Conceptual 21 Q09
46:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Suppose a particular atom has only two
allowable electron orbits.
How many different wavelength photons
(spectral lines) would result from all electron
transitions in this atom?
1. one
2. two
3. three
4. four
5. None of these
Conceptual 21 Q15
46:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
In his famous experiment, Rutherford fired
alpha particles at a thin gold film. Most of the
alpha particles went through the firm and a
very few bounced back. Suppose instead that
about one-half the alpha particles bounced
back and one-half went through.
How would this have changed his conclusion
about the structure of the atom?
1. Atom is mostly empty space.
340
3. Both of these
5. None of these
5. None of these
Conceptual 21 Q16
46:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
In the process of fluorescence, an atom absorbs a photon of ultraviolet light and emits
two or more photons of visible light.
Is the reverse process possible? (That is, is
it possible for an atom to absorb a photon of
visible light and emit photons of ultraviolet
light?)
1. Yes; ultraviolet photons have less energy
than visible light.
2. No; ultraviolet photons have more energy
than the visible light.
3. Yes; the energy is equal;
4. More information is needed.
5. None of these
Conceptual 21 Q17
46:02, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
A 100-watt bulb becomes warm and glows
brightly enough to light a small room. On the
other hand, a 100-watt laser can cut holes in
steel and would not be effective at lighting a
small room.
What is true about the light coming from
these two sources that accounts for these differences?
1. The light bulb illuminate a room.
Chapter 46, section 5, The Spin-Orbit Interaction and Other Magnetic Effects
Complex Atoms and Molecules 1
46:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Write the configuration for the ground state
of the magnesium atom(Z = 12).
If the closed shells always have Ltot =
Stot = 0, what is the total angular momentum of magnesium?
1. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 , Jtot = 1/2
2. 1s2 2s2 2p5 3s3 , Jtot = 1
3. 1s2 2s2 2p5 3s3 , Jtot = 1/2
4. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 , Jtot = 0
Complex Atoms and Molecules 2
46:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Consider the ground state of the silicon
atom (Z = 14).
What is the electronic configuration for this
state?
1. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
2. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3 3p1
1
2
3
4. = 2, s =
2
3. = 1, s =
Part 2 of 2
What are the possible values of the total angular momentum J? Given the fact that there is
a spin-orbit interaction, predict which of the
J values has a lower energy. (Hint: Use what
you learned about the spin-orbit coupling in
hydrogen.)
3
3
5
1. , 2, , Jlowest =
2
2
2
5
3
5
2. , 2, , Jlowest =
2
2
2
5
3. 3, , 2, Jlowest = 2
2
3 1
4. 2, , , Jlowest = 24
2 2
Complex Atoms and Molecules 4
46:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The last (most energetic) electron in
sodium is in a 3s state.
What do you expect the order of the energies to be for the last electrons in the three
possible states 3s, 3p, and 3d?
1. 3d > 3p > 3s
2. 3d > 3s > 3p
1. = 2, s =
341
3. 3p > 3s > 3d
4. 3s > 3p > 3d
5. 3s = 3p = 3d
Chapter 46, section 10, Exchange Symmetry and the Exclusion Principle
Conceptual 24 Q14
46:10, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
The Pauli exclusion priciple says that no
two electrons can occupy the same energy
state unless their spin point in opposite directions.
In reference to this principle what happens
if the atoms have an even number of electrons.
1. have small Curie constants; magnetic field
of the spins cancel out
2. have large Curie constants; magnetic field
of spins add up with each other
3. None of these
342
5. 36
Conceptual 21 04
46:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
How many protons does +1 of sodium (Na)
have?
2. 20
1. 11
3. 6
2. 35
4. 53
3. 82
5. 16
4. 26
Conceptual 21 02
46:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
How many electrons does hydrogen (H)
have?
1. 1
2. 6
5. 20
Conceptual 21 06
46:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If you were told that fluorine is an extremely reactive element (that is, it combines
readily with other elements), what other element(s) would be extremely reactive?
3. 53
4. 20
5. 16
Conceptual 21 03
46:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
How many electrons does +1 of sodium
(Na) have?
343
1. 10
2. 18
If you were told that argon (Ar) is an exceptionally unreactive element, what other
elements would also be extremely unreactive?
3. 23
1. All elements in the same column
4. 78
344
5. None of these
Conceptual 21 Q18
46:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N) are adjacent
to carbon (C) on the periodic table. Si and C
have many similar chemical properties but C
and N do not.
What does NOT account for the difference?
1. Carbon and silicon are in the same column
of the periodic table.
2. Carbon and silicon have same number of
electrons in their outer shells.
3. Carbon and Nitrogen are in the same
group
4. None of these
Conceptual 21 Q19
46:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
4. N
6. Mg2+
5. Na+
7. O2
Conceptual 26 Q04
46:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
5. None of these
Conceptual 21 Q20
1. Pa
2. Th
345
4. U
5. Cm
6. None of these
Conceptual 26 Q05
46:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
We know that the strong force acts very
short distances. Suppose the range of the
strong force were twice what it is now. (In
other words, it would attract the same particles with the same force as now, even though
they were twice as far away.)
What will happen to the half-life of
Uranium-238?
1. decrease
2. increase
3. no change
Conceptual 26 Q06
46:13, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why does radioactivity seem to be more
common with heavier elements?
1. They have more number of electrons.
346
347
348
349
350
2. metallic bonds
Conceptual 23 01
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
3. covalent bonds
4. Either
Part 1 of 2
Some elements readily form ionic or covalent bonds and some elements do not participate in chemical bonding at all.
Which element has an atomic number of 6?
Conceptual 23 Q03
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What type of chemical bonds is the most
prevalent in biological molecules?
1. carbon
2. nitrogen
1. ionic bonds
3. hydrogen
2. metallic bonds
Part 2 of 2
Is this element likely to participate in chemical bonding? Why?
1. Yes; it has an incomplete valance shell.
2. No; it has a full outer shell.
Conceptual 23 Q01
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
3. covalent bonds
4. Either
Conceptual 23 Q04
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which of the following materials is your last
choice to build a house?
1. ionic-bonded materials
2. metallic-bonded materials
3. covalent-bonded materials
of
chemical
bonds
the
What is the relationship between the properties of a newly formed chemical compound
and the properties of the individual elements
that compose it?
1. Their properties can be very different.
1. ionic bonds
2. Their properties are similar.
351
1. MgCl
3. Their physical properties are similar.
2. MgCl2
4. Their chemical properties are similar.
3. Mg2 Cl
Conceptual 23 Q06
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Diamonds and graphite are both made from
carbon atoms.
Why is graphite so much weaker?
1. Graphite is held together only by van der
Waals forces.
2. Graphite is held together only by ionic
bonds.
4. Mg2 Cl2
Conceptual 23 Q10
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What is the chemical formula for the covalent compound carbon chloride (carbon and
chlorine)?
1. CCl
2. CCl2
3. CCl3
4. CCl4
Conceptual 23 Q11
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What is the chemical formula for the ionic
compound magnesium oxide (magnesium and
oxygen)?
1. MgO
1. ionic bond
2. MgO2
2. metallic bond
3. Mg2 O
3. covalent bond
4. MgO4
4. None of these
Conceptual 23 Q08
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What is the chemical formula for the compound formed by magnesium and chlorine ?
Conceptual 23 Q12
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Potassium iodide can be used as a thyroidblocking agent in the event of a radiation
emergency.
What is the chemical formula for the ionic
compound potassium iodide (potassium and
352
iodine)?
2. AlCl2
1. KI
3. AlCl3
2. KI2
4. Al2 Cl3
3. K2 I
5. Al2 Cl
4. KI4
Conceptual 23 Q13
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 2 of 2
Which element becomes the positive ion in
this compound?
1. Al
Part 1 of 2
Magnesium (Mg) and bromine (Br) form
an ionic compound.
What is its chemical formula?
1. MgBr
2. BrMg
3. MgBr2
2. Cl
Conceptual 23 Q16
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Chlorine and argon appear in adjacent
spots on the periodic table.
Which one is more reactive, chlorine or argon? Why?
4. Mg2 Br
5. Br2 Mg
6. BrMg2
Part 2 of 2
Which element becomes the positive ion in
this compound?
1. Mg
2. Br
Conceptual 23 Q15
48:99, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Aluminum (Al) and chlorine (Cl) combine
to form an ionic compound.
What is its chemical formula?
1. AlCl
353
354
3. terahertz radiation
5. radiowaves
1. nothing; faucet
2. pipes; nothing
355
4. microwave
Conceptual 25 Q09
49:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which method most likely requires more
digital storage capacity?
3. faucet; pipes
4. T-connection; elbow
5. elbow ; faucet
6. Non of these.
3. storing using punch cards
Conceptual 25 Q06
49:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Would a diode result from taking two ntype semiconductor and placing them together?
1. No. An electrical field will not be created
in an n-n junction.
2. Yes. An electrical field will be created in
an n-n junction.
3. No. There will not be enough holes to create electric field but some amount of electric
field will be present.
Conceptual 25 Q08
49:09, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which would be more effective at making a
photovoltaic cell work?
1. infrared light
2. ultraviolet light
Conceptual 25 Q10
49:09, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Part 1 of 2
You have five pennies and five nickels in a
hat. You draw them out randomly and flip
each coin.
How many bits of information are required
to record the sequence of coins drawn from
the hat (e.g., penny, nickel, penny, ....)?
Part 2 of 2
How many bits are required to record the
sequence of heads/tails?
356
ductor
Conceptual 25 Q02
49:10, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
wording-variable.
What would a silicon semiconductor doped
with boron be?
1. p-type
2. i-type
3. n-type
Conceptual 25 Q04
49:10, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
In order to make an n-type semiconductor,
silicon can be doped with a small amount of
phosphorus.
Why is arsenic also a good element to use
as a dopant?
1. Arsenic has many allotropic forms.
2. Arsenic has the same number of outer
shell electrons does of phosphorus.
3. Arsenic has similar atomic mass to phosphorus.
4. Arsenic has a similar atomic radius to
phosphorus.
Conceptual 25 Q05
49:10, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which of the following has the highest electrical conductivity?
1. two phosphorus doped silicon semiconductor
2. three phosphorus doped silicon semiconductor
3. one phosphorus doped silicon semicon-
357
358
+ 42 He 84 Be + .
+ 84 Be 126 C + .
3. 256.539 MeV
4. 266.539 MeV
Holt SF 25A 01
51:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
5. 226.539 MeV
6. 216.539 MeV
7. None of these
Part 2 of 2
What is the binding energy of the last proton27
electron pair in 28
14 Si? The mass of 13 Al is
26.9815 u.
1. 11.5841 MeV
Part 1 of 2
Calculate the total binding energy of 20
10 Ne.
Part 2 of 2
Calculate the total binding energy of 40
20 Ca.
Holt SF 25A 02
51:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
Determine the difference in the binding energy of 31 H and 32 He.
2. 10 MeV
3. 0.115841 MeV
4. 21.5841 MeV
Holt SF 25A 03
51:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
Calculate the binding energy of the last
neutron in the 43
20 Ca nucleus. (Hint: Compare
43
the mass of 20 Ca with the mass of 42
20 Ca plus
the mass of a neutron.)
5. 31 MeV
6. 1.15841 MeV
Holt SF 25A 04
51:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
7. 115.841 MeV
8. None of these
He burning reaction
51:02, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
Part 1 of 2
359
21 H + 31 H
360
361
1. Alpha rays
1. They have no electric charge.
2. Beta rays
2. They have a short lifetime.
3. Gamma rays
3. They have strong penetration ability.
Hewitt CP9 33 E02
51:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Why is a sample of radioactive material
always a little warmer than its surroundings?
1. The radioactive material has better heat
conduction than other materials.
2. The radiating alpha or beta particles impart internal energy to the atoms of the sample.
1. Yes
2. No; hydrogen cannot participate in nuclear reactions.
3. No; an alpha particle has four nucleons
two protons and two neutrons.
1. alpha
2. beta
3. Alpha and gamma rays are pushed oppositely by an electric field; beta rays are
unaffected.
4. Alpha and beta particles are pushed oppositely by an electric field; gamma rays are
unaffected.
5. Alpha, beta and gamma rays are pushed
in the same direction.
Hewitt CP9 33 E07
51:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which type of radiation produces the greatest change in mass number when emitted by
an atomic nucleus?
1. alpha
2. beta
3. gamma
Hewitt CP9 33 E08
51:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which type of radiation produces the least
change in mass number?
1. alpha
2. beta
3. gamma
Hewitt CP9 33 E09
51:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Which type of radiation predominates
within an enclosed elevator descending into
3. gamma
362
363
Conceptual 26 Q10
51:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Conceptual 26 Q13
51:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
2. Uranium-234
3. Radium-226
Part 2 of 2
What if the nucleus were restricted to alpha
and beta decays only?
4. Lead-206
5. Polonium-218
6. Bismuth-214
3. Yes; if it were beta and alpha decays.
Part 2 of 2
If an ancient campfire were analyzed, and
it was found to have only about one-eighth
the carbon-14 that is normally found in living things, how long ago was that campfire
extinguished?
Conceptual 26 Q12
51:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
12
5B
Holt SF 25B 04
51:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Complete this radioactive-decay formula:
221
87 Fr +?
4. 109 F
225
89 Ac
5. 105 B
1. 42 He
6. None of these
2. 2 21 H
Holt SF 25B 02
51:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Complete this radioactive-decay formula:
?+42 He
212
83 Bi
1. 208
81 Tl
2.
208
81 Hg
3.
216
85 At
4. 216
85 Po
5. 208
85 At
6.
216
81 Tl
364
56
27 Co.
56
26 Fe
1.
2. +
3.
4.
7. None of these
5. None of these
Holt SF 25B 03
51:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Complete this radioactive-decay formula:
? 147 N +10 e +
1. 146 C
2. 126 C
3. 148 O
4. 156 B
5. None of these
Holt SF 25C 01
51:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
365
Holt SF 25Rev 23
51:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Determine the missing product of the following reaction:
7
4
1
3 Li+2 He ? +0 n
1. 105 B
2. 115 B
3. 105 Be
4. 115 C
5. 31 H
Holt SF 25Rev 24
51:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
A nuclear reaction of significant historical note occurred in 1932, when a beryllium
target was bombarded with alpha particles.
Analysis of the experiment indicated that the
following reaction occurred:
4
9
12
2 He+4 Be 6 C+X
What is X in this reaction?
1. 10 n
2. 01 n
3. 01 e
4. 10 e
5.
6. None of these
Holt SF 25Rev 25
51:05, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Complete the following nuclear reaction:
366
variable.
The amount of carbon-14 (146 C) in a wooden
artifact is measured to be 6.25 percent the
amount in a fresh sample of wood from the
same region. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730
years.
Assuming the same amount of carbon-14
was initially present in the artifact, determine
the age of the artifact.
5. None of these
Part 2 of 2
Complete the following nuclear reaction:
7
1
4
3 Li+1 H 2 He+?
1. 42 He
2. 84 Be
3. 32 He
4. 221 H
5. None of these
Holt SF 25Rev 26
51:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
A radioactive sample contains 1.67 1011
atoms of 108
47 Ag ( half-life= 2.42 min) at some
instant.
Calculate the decay constant.
Part 2 of 2
b) Calculate the activity of the sample in
mCi.
Holt SF 25Rev 27
51:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
How long will it take a sample of polonium210 with a half-life of 140 days to decay to
one-sixteenth its original strength?
Holt SF 25Rev 28
51:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wording-
Holt SF 25Rev 29
51:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A sample of organic material is found to
contain 18 g of carbon. Based on samples of
pottery found at the site, investigators believe
the material is about 23000 years old.
Estimate what percentage of the materials
carbon-14 has decayed.
Holt SF 25Rev 54
51:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A piece of charcoal known to be approximately 25000 years old contains 7.96 1010
C-14 atoms.
Determine the number of decays per minute
expected from this sample.
Holt SF 25Rev 55
51:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
Part 1 of 2
The half-life of radium-228 is 5.76 years.
At some instant a sample contains 2.0 109
nuclei.
a) Calculate the decay constant.
Part 2 of 2
b) Calculate the activity of the sample in Ci.
Holt SF 25Rev 56
51:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
367
Mass
238
92 U
238.050 784 u
234
90 Th
234.043 593 u
4
2 He
4.002 602 u
368
5. None of these
Holt SF 25Rev 40
51:08, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
Tritium, 31 H, decays to 32 He by beta emission.
Determine the energy released in the process.
369
370
371
obtained?
Atomic Nucleus 25
52:01, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
Mirror nuclei are pairs of nuclei in which
the numbers of protons and neutrons are exchanged. 11 B(boron; Z = 5) and 11 C(carbon;
Z = 6) are examples.
Show that if the nn nuclear force differed
from the pp nuclear force, the masses of the
mirror nuclei would have a non-zero contribution from this effect. Such a term is explicitly
ruled out in the semiempirical mass formula.
Compare a calculation of the mass difference
from the semiempirical mass formula with the
measured mass difference of 1.98 MeV/c2 .
Atomic Nucleus 29
52:01, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
1. nuclear reactor
2. gaseous diffusion
3. ultra centrifuge
4. mines
Hewitt CP9 33 q02
52:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
How is Pu239 for atomic weapons currently
obtained?
1. nuclear reactor
2. gaseous diffusion
3. ultra centrifuge
4. mines
Hewitt CP9 33 q03
52:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What explains why chain reactions do not
take place in pure natural uranium?
1. The main component of natural uranium
U235 does not lead to chain reactions.
2. The main component of natural uranium
U238 doesnt fission.
3. There is usually not enough uranium
localized in one place to overcome critical
mass.
4. Natural uranium is not pure.
Hewitt CP9 33 q04
52:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
What did Rutherford discover?
372
2. Uranium ore doesnt contain particles active enough to induce a chain reaction.
3. Uranium in ore is mixed with other substances that impede the reaction and has no
moderator to slow down the neutrons.
4. There is no uranium deposit in the world
large enough for a chain reaction.
Hewitt CP9 34 E02
52:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Some heavy nuclei, containing even more
protons than the uranium nucleus, undergo
spontaneous fission, splitting apart without
absorbing a neutron.
Why is spontaneous fission observed only
in the heaviest nuclei?
3. atomic spectra
4. nuclear fission
Hewitt CP9 33 q06
52:01, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
To achieve a chain reaction, what is most
important?
1. high density
2. high temperature
3. neutron multiplication less than 1
373
tional force.
3. a sphere
4. a hexahedron
5. a cylinder
2. increases; decreases
3. decreases; increases
Why will the escape of neutrons be proportionally less in a large piece of fissionable
material than in a smaller piece?
4. Both increase.
Why does plutonium not occur in appreciable amounts in natural ore deposits?
374
Holt SF 25Rev 50
52:01, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
18
O is struck by a proton,
18
F and
375
7. None of these
Part 2 of 2
b) Calculate the maximum energy of the emitted beta particles.
376
377
Holt SF 25Rev 47
52:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Consider the two ways 235 U can undergo
fission when bombarded with a neutron. In
each case, neutrons are also released.
Find the number of neutrons released when
140
Xe and 94 Sr are released as fission fragments.
1. 2
2. 1
3. 3
4. 4
13
5. None of these
Part 2 of 2
Find the number of neutrons released when
132
Sn and 101 Mo are released as fission fragments.
1. 3
Concept 34 E15
52:04, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
2. 1
4. 4
3. 2
5. None of these
Holt SF 25Rev 48
52:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
When a 63 Li nucleus is struck by a proton,
an alpha particle and a product nucleus are
released.
What is the product nucleus?
1. 32 He
2. 42 He
3
2 Li
4. 11 H
5. 31 H
6. None of these
Holt SF 25Rev 52
52:04, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
A fission reaction that occurs when
uranium-235 absorbs a neutron leads to the
formation of barium-141 and krypton-92.
a) What is the missing product in this reaction?
1. 310 n
2. 210 n
3. 42 He
4. 32 He
5. 31 H
Holt SF 25Rev 59
52:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, fixed.
It has been estimated that Earth has
9.1 1011 kg of natural uranium that can
be economically mined. Of this total, 0.70
percent is 235 U.
If all the worlds energy needs (7.0
12
10 J/s) were supplied by 235 U fission, how
long would this supply last? Assume that 208
MeV of energy is released per fission event and
the mass of 235 U is about 3.9 1025 kg.
Holt SF 25Rev 60
52:04, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
If the average energy released in a fission
event is 208 MeV, find the total number of
fission events required to provide enough en-
378
379
Concept 34 E21
52:06, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Heavy nuclei can be made to fuse; for instance, by firing one gold nucleus at another
one.
Does such a process yield energy or cost
energy? Why?
Conceptual 26 Q08
52:06, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
wording-variable.
Conceptual 26 Q09
52:06, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Concept 34 E22
52:06, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Light nuclei can be split. For instance a
deuteron (proton-neutron combination) can
be caused to split into a single proton and
single neutron.
Does such a process yield energy or cost
energy? Why?
1. Splitting light nuclei costs energy; the
total mass of the products is greater than the
total mass of the fusing nuclei.
2. Splitting light nuclei costs energy; the
total mass of the products is less than the
total mass of the fusing nuclei.
3. Splitting light nuclei yields energy; the
total mass of the products is greater than the
total mass of the fusing nuclei.
380
381
Concept 34 E23
52:08, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
2. 52 He
Which process (fission or fusion) would release energy from gold, from carbon, and from
iron?
4. 158 O
3. 126 C
5. 135 B
6. None of these
Holt SF 25Rev 53
52:08, highSchool, multiple choice, > 1 min,
fixed.
382
383
384
385
Part 1 of 3
Determine the thereshold temperature for
producing various particles below.
Additional exercises: (NOT to be submitted to homework service.)
Based on the temperature/time plot for the
history of the universe after the big bang,
estimate the time when each of the threshold
productions occurs. See if your answer agrees
with the explanation to within a factor of 10,
after the homework is due.
a) kaons (M 500 MeV/c 2 ).
Part 2 of 3
b) (M 9500 MeV/c 2 ).
Part 3 of 3
c) muons (M 100 MeV/c 2 ).
386
Conceptual 27 Q01
53:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
5. None of these
Holt SF 25Rev 45
53:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, wordingvariable.
A photon with an energy of 2.09 GeV creates a proton-antiproton pair in which the
proton has a kinetic energy of 95 MeV.
What is the kinetic energy of the antiproton?
5. None of these
387
388
389
390
km
,
s Mpc
what is the approximate velocity of a galaxy
10 Mpc away?
Assume a Hubble constant of 70
Conceptual 29 06
54:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
If a galaxy is 700 Mpc away, how fast is it
receding from us?
Conceptual 29 07
54:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Part 1 of 2
An observer on one of the raisins in our
bread-dough analogy measures distances and
velocities of neighboring raisins as follows
Distance Velocity
0.5 cm 1.02 cm/h
0.9 cm
2 cm/h
1.4 cm 2.9 cm/h
2.1 cm 4.05 cm/h
3 cm
5.9 cm/h
3.4 cm 7.1 cm/h
Plot the data on a graph and estimate the
Hubble constant for the raisins.
1. 2 /h
2. 3 /h
3. 4 /h
4. 5 /h
5. 6 /h
6. 7 /h
Part 2 of 2
Estimate the time that elapsed since the
dough started rising.
Conceptual 29 09
54:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Part 1 of 2
Some theories say that during the inflama-
391
Conceptual 29 Q02
54:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If the universe is closed, what will a future
Hubble see when he looks through a telescope
during the period of contraction?
1. blueshift
2. redshift
Conceptual 29 10
54:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, fixed.
Suppose a proton (diameter about 1013
cm) were to inflate by a factor of 1050 .
How big would it be?
Conceptual 29 11
54:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
4. None of these
Conceptual 29 Q03
54:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Suppose that scientists were able to travel
to a different universe. The figure shows
a distance-versus-velocity graph for galaxies
measured in two universes.
Conceptual 29 Q01
54:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Velocity
3. All of these
Our
universe
New
universe
Distance
2. Galaxies in every direction are moving toward the Earth according to the same Hubble
constant.
1. Our universe
4. Galaxies in every direction are moving toward the Earth according to different Hubble
constants.
5. None of these
2. New universe
Conceptual 29 Q04
54:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If a life form on a planet in a distant galaxy
measured the Hubble constant from its loca-
392
Conceptual 29 Q07
54:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
Cosmology 08
54:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
1. same
2. higher
3. lower
1. increase.
Y =
2. decrease.
3. remain the same.
Conceptual 29 Q08
54:05, highSchool, multiple choice, < 1 min,
fixed.
If all that you knew was the energy per
square meter that the Sun radiated on the
surface of the Earth, could you determine the
distance from the Sun to Earth?
MHe
.
MH + MHe
Cosmology 14
54:05, highSchool, numeric, < 1 min, normal.
We define
= /c
and
(t) =
(t0 )
(t0 ) + (1 (t0 )) (R/R0 )
,
=
1 vc
estimate the speed of a galaxy, if the wavelength for the hydrogen line at 434 nm is
measured on Earth as being 610 nm.
Part 2 of 2
Estimate the distance of this galaxy from us.
Assume H = 80 103 m/s/Mpc.
Galaxy speed from red shift
54:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Based on the Doppler shift formula:
1+
1
v
c
v
c
estimate the speed of a galaxy, if the wavelength of the hydrogen line, which is 434 nm
on earth, is now shifted to 610 nm as it is
emitted from the galaxy.
How far away
54:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
A star exhibits a parallax of 0.28 seconds of
arc.
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Assume 1 parsec(pc) = 3.26 ly, where parsecs are parallax angles in seconds of arcs.
How far away is it?
Schwarzschild radius of a star
54:05, highSchool, numeric, > 1 min, normal.
Determine the Schwarzschild radius of a
star comparable to our Sun with a mass 1.99
1030 kg.
Assume G = 6.67 1011 in SI units.
394
395