O VSC T T: Verview of Ransmission Echnology

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OVERVIEW OF VSC TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY

Since its introduction in the early 1950s, LCC HVDC technology has undergone continuous development,
particularly in the areas of converter switches and controls. Today LCC HVDC schemes provide reliable,
efficient and cost effective solutions for many applications. The use of modern techniques have made it
possible to obtain stable operation for LCC HVDC schemes connected to much weaker ac networks than
was previously possible.

Other fields of power electronics, such as industrial drives, have tended to determine the development of
new semiconductor devices, because the quantity of devices produced each year for these applications can
be many times the number required for HVDC schemes. Motor drives have, over the years, moved on from
using line commutated converters to the use of voltage sourced converters (VSC) with pulse width
modulation (PWM) control, which results in compact and more controllable drives. Usually such drives
operate at relatively low ac and dc voltage and do not use series-connected semiconductors.

The 3-MW Hellsjn VSC transmission installation put into service in Sweden in 1997 was an extension of
modern motor drive technology. To reach a transmission voltage of 10 kVdc, however, series-connected
semiconductors were required. The trial installation proved the feasibility of the technology and
demonstrated its superior technical capability when compared to LCC HVDC. Subsequently, more
schemes have been installed, with the largest in service at the end of 2004 having a rating of 330 MW and
150 kVdc. CIGR has given this new type of dc transmission the name VSC Transmission.

VSC Transmission has a number of technical features that are superior to those of LCC HVDC schemes
and make it especially attractive for the following applications:

Feeding into passive networks
Transmission to/from weak ac systems
Enhancement of an ac system
Land cable systems
Supply of offshore loads
Connection to wind farms (on-shore or off-shore) or wave power generation
In-feeds to city centres
Multi-terminal systems

Continuing developments in semiconductors and VSC Transmission technology are likely to make VSC
Transmission attractive in an increasing number of applications as research and development efforts
continue to bring down the capital cost and power losses of the converters.

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