Land Revenue Terminology

Land Revenue Terminology

(Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan)

Land Revenue Terminology
INTRODUCTION
Revenue is a very crucial subject attached to
everybodys life in direct or indirect way.
It is general perception that reading and
understanding the land revenue documents is very
tedious and complex task.
However in actual it is very simple, but one has to
clear some basic facts and terminology of land
revenue.
Before understanding the land revenue, first
acquaint with unit of measurement
Land Revenue Terminology
UNIT OF MEASUREMENTS
In north India generally there are three types of unit of
measurement of land. These are

1. kannal marla system
2. Bigha Biswa system
3. Meter system

The third one is most common now and in new
measurements and documentation it is used, the
conversion of above two with 3
rd
one is as under:
Land Revenue Terminology
kannal marla System
1 Hectare = 10000 m
2
= 2.47 Acres
1 Acre = 4046.86 m
2
= 8 kannal
1 kannal = 500 m
2
= 20 Marlas
1 Marla = 25 m
2

Bigha Biswa system
1 Hectare = 10000 m
2
= 2.47 Acres
1 Acre = 4046.86 m
2
= 1.75 ~1.76 Bigha (Pukhta/Bada bigha)
1 Acre = 4046.86 m
2
= 5.26 Bigha (Kachha/Chota bigha)
1 Bigha = 2305 m
2
(pakka) or 768.33 m
2
(kaccha)
* But in Haryana 1 bigha = 843.30 m
2

1 Biswa = 115.25 m
2
or 137.80 sq. yrd.
1 biswansi = 5.76 m
2
or 6.89 sq. yrd.
1 kachwansi = 0.288 m
2

1 decimal = 40.48 m
2

Land Revenue Terminology
Revenue Terminology
In revenue documents there are mainly three types of
records i.e. Jamabandi, Girdwari, Map (sajra or latha).
In some area fard haquit is also issued. This is the
consolidated document of total land holding of
individual and present market rate is mentioned.
These documents reflect the total land ownership, its
type, source of irrigation, the cultivation pattern, crop
growing of land etc, girdwari is made in every crop
season i.e. after 6 months however jamabandi is made
after 4-5 years.
Map represents the actual position of land with
important land marks.
Land Revenue Terminology
Jamabandi

A jamabandi is a term used in meaning "rights of records"
and refers to land records.
These records are documents which are maintained for
each village within its Tehsil.
It contains the name of the owners, area of cultivation/
land, shares of owners and other Rights.
It is revised after a certain period of time for e.g. in
Haryana, Rajasthan it is revised after 5 years.
After it is prepared by Patwari. it is attested by Revenue
Officer of that division. All changes in title/interests of the
revenue estate coming into the notice of Revenue
Authorities are duly reflected in the Jamabandi according to
set procedures.
Land Revenue Terminology
Khevat
Khatauni
No.
Name of
Tenant with
fathers name
caste and
Residential
address with
nature of
tenure
Khasra
Number
Area
Social
Classificati
on
Source
of
Irrigatio
n
Rent
paid by
Cultivato
r
Mutatio
n related
note
alongwit
h date
and
Number
Remarks
New Old
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Jamabandi format
Land Revenue Terminology
A shajra or shajra kishtwar is
a detailed village map that is
used for legal (land
ownership) and administrative
purposes in India.
A shajra maps out the village
lands into land parcels and
gives each parcel a unique
number. The patwari (or
village accountant) maintains
a record for each one of these
parcels in documents
called khasras.
Shajra Map
Land Revenue Terminology
A khasra is a legal agricultural document used in India that
specifies land and crop details.
It is often used in conjunction with a shajra (or shajra
kishtwar), which is a reference map of the village that
administers the land described by the khasra.
Khasras traditionally detail "all the fields and their areas,
measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what
crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land.
A khatauni is an abstract based on the khasras of a village that
lists out all the holdings of an individual or family in that village.
In other words, all khasras that belong to a given individual will
be listed in the khatauni of that individual.
Khasra
Land Revenue Terminology
Revenue Terminology Cont...
Khewat number : The number of owner of the land
Khatoni Number : The number of possetioner/ cultivator of land
Kita number : The Number mentioning the khasra number in
jamabandi
Mutation/rapat : Any entry regarding sale purchase or transfer of land
Vassiat : transfer of land through will
Hiba : transfer of land through gift
Billa : Devoid of/without
Hadbast number : Number of revenue village boundary
Mushqueel/ Murrabha/ rectangle : comprise of 25 Acres/bighas
Lal Dora : The boundary of inhabited village, within which ownership
of land is generally through possession only.
Land Revenue Terminology
1. Chahi : Irrigated through wells/tubewells
2. Nahri : Irrigated through Canals
3. Barani : Rainfed
4. Gair mumkin : Non cultivable
5. Abadi : Inhabited
6. Banjar : Not cultivated from four cropping seasons
Type of Possession
1. Khud Kast : Self cultivated
2. Gair Marusi : Unauthorised possessioner (Kache mujahire)
3. Gair Dakhildar : Unauthorised permanent possessioner
(pakkee mujahire)
4. Rehan : mortgage with possession
5. Aadrehan : mortgage without possession
Type of land
Land Revenue Terminology
c
Haryana
Land Revenue Terminology
The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of
land used in Haryana:

one 'karam' is 5.5 ft
one 'marla' is 9 square karams (272.25 sq ft)(30.25 gaj)
one 'kannal' is 20 marlas (5,445 sq ft)
one 'killa' is of 8 kannals (43,560 sq ft = 1 acre)
one 'marabba' is 25 killas (1,089,000 sq ft = 25 acres)

A killa or Acre is measured rectangularly, reckoned as an area 36
karams (198 ft) x 40 karams (220 ft) (43,560 square ft).
Homes (Kothis) are measured in marlas and kannals. Most are
two to four kannals but the big ones can be anything from four to
six kannals.
Land Revenue Terminology
A couple of older measures:
one biswa = 15 Sq karams; 12 biswas = 1 kannal (605 yrd)
one bigha = 20 biswas - 1008 square yards - 842.68 sq m

In all areas consolidated on the basis of the standard
measure of 66 inches i.e. Karam or Gatha:

1. 1 Sq. Karam or Sarsahi 3.3611111 Sq.yds.
2. 9 Sarsahies or 1 Marla 30.249999 Sq.yds say 30.25 Sq.yds.
3. 20 Marlas or 1 Kannal 604.99996 Sq.yds say 605 Sq.yds.
4. 160 Marlas or 8 Kannals 4839.99998 Sq.yds.say 4840
Sq.yds. (1 acre or 1 killa)
Land Revenue Terminology
1 Karam = 57.157 (Haryana)
1 Biswansi = 1 Karam x 1 Karam (Haryana)
20 Biswansi = 1 Biswa (Haryana)
1 Bigha = 20 Biswa (Haryana)
4 Bigha-16 Biswa = 1 Acre (Haryana)
2.47 acre = 1 hectare(CG)
After Bandobust(Settlement)
1 Karam = 66 (Haryana)
1 Sarsaai = 1 Karam x 1 Karam (Haryana)
9 Sarsaai = 1 Marla (Haryana)
20 Marla = 1 Kannal (Haryana)
8 Kannal = 1 Acre (Ghuman) (Haryana)
1 Acre = 36 Karam x 40 Karam (North to South, East to West)
(Haryana) 2.47 Acre = 1 Hectare (CG)
Before Bandobust(Settlement)
Land Revenue Terminology
Uttar Pradesh
Land Revenue Terminology
INTRODUCTION
The bigha is a unit of measurement of area of a land,
commonly used in a few states of India including Uttar
Pradesh. The precise size of a bigha appears to vary
considerably, that range from 1,500 to 6,771 square
meters, but in several smaller pockets, it is as high as
12,400 square meters.
Bigha is a traditional unit of land, with land purchases
still being undertaken in this unit. However, it varies in
size from one part to another. It is usually less than an
acre (0.15 hectare), however could extend up to 3 acres.
Various states and often parts within states have different
sizes attributed to 1 Bigha.
Land Revenue Terminology
The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of
land used in Uttar Pradesh:
In developed part of Uttar Pradesh that is west, there are two
ranges of 1 Bigha.
One is equal to 5 biswa (one biswa is 125 m
2
)
In other it is equal to 6.75 biswa = 843.75 m
2
(Kaccha bigha)

In rest UP 1 Bigha is divided into 20 Biswas.
Hence one Bigha is 2500 m
2
But actually it is 2529.26 m
2
(Pakka bigha)

Some part of west Uttar Pradesh the measurements are
slightly different:
1 Bigha = 20 Biswa = 60 Decimal = 2428.80 m
2

1 Bigha = 2305 m
2
(Pakka) or 768.33 m
2
(Kaccha)
Land Revenue Terminology
Rajasthan
Land Revenue Terminology
Bigha is used in practice in Rajasthan.
One bigah is equal to 1618.70 m
2
.
Shahjahani Jarib = 165 feet
1 Bigha = 1 Jarib x 1 Jarib = 165 x 165 = 27225 Sq. Ft.
1 Bigha(Shahjahani Jarib) = 0.253 Hectare
Gantari Jarib = 132 feet
1 Bigha = 1 Jarib x 1 Jarib = 132 x 132 = 17424 Sq. Ft.
1 Bigha(Gantari Jarib) = 0.16 Hectare
1 Bigha = 20 Biswansi
The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of
land used in Rajasthan:
Land Revenue Terminology
Punjab
Land Revenue Terminology
There are two ways of area measures as per the
department of revenue

Ghumao Measure
1 Sarsahi = 2.81Sq. Mt. (5.5 Sq. Karam)
1 Marla = 9 Sarsahi
1 kannal = 20 Marla
1 Ghumao = 8 kannal

* So 1 Ghumao = 4046.86 Sq.Mt. = 1 acre
The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of
land used in Punjab:
Land Revenue Terminology
Bigha Measure
1 Biswansi = 6.32 Sq. Mt. (99 Sq. Gatha)
1 Biswa = 20 Biswansis
1 Bigha = 20 Biswa

* So 1 Bigha = 2529.29 Sq. Mt.
Land Revenue Terminology
Madhya Pradesh
Land Revenue Terminology
The following are the basic unit of 'measurements of
land used in Madhya Pradesh:
1 Katha = 0.0137741 acre = 55.74 Sq. Mt. = 600 Sq. Ft.
1 Bigha = 0.275473 Acre = 1114.80 Sq. Mt.
1 Acre = 3.63 Bigha
1 Acre = 72.6 Katha

Land Revenue Terminology
Conversion Factors
Land Revenue Terminology
Conversion Factors (Haryana)
Unit Area Acre Sq. Mt. Sq. Yrd. Sq. Ft.
Sq. Karam 0.000694 2.81 3.36 30.25
Marla 0.00625 25.29 30.25 272.25
kanaal 0.125 505.85 605 5445
killa 1.000001 4046.82 4840 43560
marabba 25.00002 101170.6 121000 1089000
Sarsahi 0.000694 2.81 3.36 30.25
Biswansi 0.000694 2.81 3.36 30.25
Biswa 0.010417 42.15 50.42 453.75
Bigha 0.208333 843.09 1008.33 9075
Land Revenue Terminology
Conversion Factors (Uttar Pradesh)
Unit Area Acre Sq. Mt. Sq. Yrd. Sq. Ft.
Pakka Bigha 0.625 2529.26 3025 27225
Kaccha Bigha 0.208333 843.09 1008.33 9075
Decimal 0.010003 40.49 48.42 435.75
Conversion Factors (Rajasthan)
Unit Area Acre Sq. Mt. Sq. Yrd. Sq. Ft.
Bigha (S.J.) 0.625 2529.26 3025 27225
Bigha (G.J.) 0.4 1618.73 1936 17424
Land Revenue Terminology
Conversion Factors (Punjab)
Unit Area Acre Sq. Mt. Sq. Yrd. Sq. Ft.
Sq. Gatha 0.001561 6.32 7.56 68
Biswa 0.03125 126.46 151.25 1361.25
Bigha 0.625 2529.26 3025 27225
Ghumao 1 4046.82 4840 43560
Conversion Factors (Madhya Pradesh)
Unit Area Acre Sq. Mt. Sq. Yrd. Sq. Ft.
Katha 0.013774 55.74 66.67 600
Bigha 0.275482 1114.83 1333.33 12000
Land Revenue Terminology
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