Vakil at Ajanta

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OOV ERNMRNT OF INDIA
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.IoRCHJEOLQGICAL SU RVEY OF I NDIA

ARCHJEOLOd lCAL

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AJANTA
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K ANA IYA LA L H. VAK I L.

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FOREWORD

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GL.AOSTON~

SOLOMON. I, U.

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PUSUSHERS' NOTE

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PREfACE
10 pIoaMII ODd writ ... b . opocIk

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"I'tlonlo'" W' .. ""fly ",..."..bIe .... 'hodo 01
",i'kioot. That ,I>< "I~imlo' iI b&dIy _ I in I.d"'n
A" _1. Iow """'.,.,," .. i,h "Mdanl boot. un
the ... bjt. , .. Ully ,. domy. 1'..-,110 f"",,,n 01 ~ ..
or' en,;., .. "'" noc ....,...,11", <title .... 0/ .. i.,; .....
'r"<n'" "f Art Of}." lid""",.", I'he .. b.. btto .11
.."""" 01
in ~:.""", .. in India), bu, '0 poin' "'"
to ,11< I"'l>li<"
ol<Otll<n,,..y:' Ibo ... y 01
'''''' . "iIIi< _ , }It_ V. kil h.. ",nde...:! l.t.,n,,"
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,. be .. judicio) ... umm.,.,_up" of ,be caM lot ,1>0
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I'AKT I
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THE JOURNEY TO AJANTA

RAILWAY AND ROAJ) ROUTES

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Vi>,iton cI<si""", of 0I>(>\Iing 0< pI>otop:raphiq
<be 1.....".. Of ,he J<Ulpl .... ot the caVt:S musl obum
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u .. -O<f;'" ,,1.1>0 <p>... 0/ ,he wolI po.m'inr>' 01 w;.".
in,.".... All "",
of.b< "'!'ieo tI" ... <u.od .....
do.~t"'l""l by ,he fi", at ,lit C,),,'>l I'Kla<., J::<hlbibo.
in ,1160. ~ w... of ,boo "'!'id .... ,"')"" by "'"
fi", moy h< pi_I from .1>< WO"(I<,, .. pubbshod ;"
)I,.. Sp;e.'. .. w .. lrn ... Th<y......, ~Ud
r"-On .he l"";'p 01 t:..j>!.un Gm", >pOol. The 6..
"",... 'ha! .. "";,~-d ,n' __ to be Ioond;'
Indian
Section 01 ,I.. s"",h K ....... "OII )I...."" .

f,,..

to.

Another AI"'m p'


In '!7S. lk 'i,;rt\' .... P<inti,'"! of ,he &mboy
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~.
01 'he o:>pi<oo Wfi< d<s,fO)'! l>y
fi ..,
01 ,he cop;.. by 11 . GrilIi.,,"" ..... at
_ t o diiplay.d at ,be Indian See,ion 01 ,110
11<toria IInd Alb<:rt )[""""". l.-loo.
Griffi,h ',copin . .... I k""". "';,h 'he
of tbt

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dch'y ,,,,,,,,,

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tI,.
"'.... um"",.,
Buddhist

;m~. OIl .. 11 ..

c.....

.....

'''''y

!'o.;'ltings In tb.
at Ajanta.' ",,'>bsb<d ;" '~.

The Thl.d Effort


I.a<ly 1t<~Iom ,04 h" ccIloo_ ;"t!udUoj;
hldi,,!,
'1 i. '911 ,I>< 'hi"'; .011 '0

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01..... """"" 01 ,be PO""inp ..... t-tI."


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With ,10" uoio ... ", of 11 . F _. , .. I..


br.kd Fm><.h ..... "'. the Il<portm<n' wiU """"
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"on
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th .... <ob" ,.......,... 11.. 1"'1'" ""'"" .1",. ''''I''''
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,ncOfii""lnU po;".u,g, fai,hf"H.

"".1<"" 'nd 0;0I00.,,

PQPul"r Favour

c.""",'...

(.pI ...
~. ,1>0 ........" I'rincj..
pol '" ,I .. Il<lmbo)' School ,J Art . h .. bo<n ",doo"",,
"'K ". rolk<w "'" ,rodilkco .. , by GrdI'i.1a. H;'
... ' .... '1,,11'10 ....... "' .., '"Tl .. \\'"""", ",.1>< AI.n,.
Co,."." ond "J""inI;< at Ajan ... " f<>ilo:>wt,d by

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.. A;'n,. - . , " ",,><1"" in , _ . I.. ,.. don<mloeb
t. I"';"" 11.< 1"'I0'inp into I ....~ ' .. ' ,..'m"'od ""...",
Si" ~"k"1
"Ily p;~ ,. Ajanto
on.! 1~." m;o)" aloo be
..,.,.het bdplul
1"'1"",,,'i<J<I.

' ' y". """"'.m<n, __


AJle 01 Ih. C._

,,,,,,,,y...mc Q''''' Ajan b.."", """" ru'.


<;om.! . nd ",;.,1 ., .1"1.".. , ,;",.. dO',,",. poriOO
n..

at

01 """ .."" hunJ ..... j"''' T1",_I"', of ,I...",


"',d IX on<! X.
Mcl<. ;, ;. _ . to tb< fit$l Q'
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ort ODd ""'Uft and


"""'" j,;,h '" hwnan civiliso,;""_

TMir (I...inn,io"
l'h<y h>."" bc<n cluoift<d. brooodly, .. C-';"...
.nd Vi"""", 11..
with 'I><
the "',""'] _
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C/to,,,.. ,..... "" ,h_


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p:>OOd t. coo ..... ,he "lies 01 B,,-" 8..JJJu..


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The CUiIJ'" "'.,.. ,"""'" r..- <un""", w.,.b;p ",Ir.
The Vi"""" W"," -.J le.< ~ .. .. ell c.._
IX , X. XIX and XXVI or< CAailyoq (1'10. IX t.
XTll ~ n .. ...",.;~"'" V;Unt.(P". XIV to XXII ).

Imponant P o<uliarities

Th< rod"aoploo onJ m ...... .ne. .t Ajaota


_
.,.ny "01 ........ ono;! nnpo<\ ... , p"""'''rib,
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W.. ",,. India """'mand. . . . ! _ d . plea..",

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of

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Melhod of Painli..
(;<"!IIi,hs dittIo(uislloo .1> . . .ho .... hod .1 munl
E....,.,e. The
,.... .... 10 A~ ... ..;1Io ,Ioat
1 _ """""" 01 -a.po!o..... t AiMt., .. _
io. Io:.yt, "in lot, """,\>iro.."'" 01 'empm.
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11, IX ~, XII . .WI,XI 'tl . XIXODd


XXI'I "-'1) < ..".-.... ,;,.. 01 .10 ..-.;.,p ,

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c. X

11

C. . I XVI

IX

C..I

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f1",",n~ . lo ..... , ~... . ",,-, by .b< <OOdi'ion


<of .10< "Old
;n I'""""",,." A O>mmun;"".
d;"", .... "nh.,.;Io';n,. ,,<1. ,he _"""m, .nd
. pi';' ohm-h"hrl oI ..i<.. I>Ol.ppcal ,, ' n "-''''''''''''
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"",v;t>bk f ... . U ,1_ who h .... loom' to ,1iKm'I i.
11ft .be .pi';,,,,! " rualoo and ",h;'~ .. 01 .. 00'
F", ,h", ,"""' .. '.. , ~tl", ............ '" Art.
r,.,. ,"""'. 1l~'", .. no "'".. d~'''Y< ,be .,.,.
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b.." d~ , ...... i .. """"h. its unr.. htwnl
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....... ipo .. d prtjud_. It """"'"' "",(&et with ,h.,
which;' ...... lIy)'OlHll. " " , . i.. ,he "childhood
oflt.e.p~,." The .... ,t~ . Iooo""
<Y_ U t. ""plod< ;" otdi'i"". U...... t. r<aill U.. _ ,
os< of ,he
or 01 ,he painHnp. U.._
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principleo'" . ,,;,,;" compi1m ...! ~.

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...0 QO<ridon 01 <>"" XVII. ""'.... ,be " .. ""', ""';y
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01 "",,,.1 ""'''"'. ,bo <i<yIoan, who b,""",'.
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its poointo, "'.. , tuov< bt<o on
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c:.". I.

01 tIoo polo....
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oppooito tII< T.mp'0';on <>I e",,~~L" _y he Moo
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fIOitl'i"l'- . . ,he ~... U "" .he rigII. of till! fwn. 00<rid0<,
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Tho~"",p'" ~,.", .. id to be ~ (PI. VIII
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ESSENTIALS IN THE P AlNTlNGS

De<onnvo

De.~

tI,.

1, "..,.,Jd be "".side ,he 0<0p< of


P"'<'" ......
<labotot< d<otript"'" <>l,I",
<losij;n n<! m",;l~ r<[>N<l\Qd on _
xiv, ",
", .... "9. " ,.,.." ,ri,h ""AA"'in( ~;'Y'and
vie'''' .".... walk , """m",,, ooiIin3>"'" Ih ,..b_.t

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Ai""'"

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Of FoIlap
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in ,be .....
d,.ml,.,. of ,t.. ~,riM in '-,n, ,- 11.. "",""", roJiac<
~"i<II ~ L ~ ID the.....,.. bot,..... ,fit /icu ... "' .... he
point. ""t. "r;,~~"" Kk. ... , h. 1"""" 01 ,,,- old
. n;..... '''''igl><f>, ...1 0 "-> of tb<i, In<no~ of
,I .. V"",h 01 plan"."
It "" .. 10,1 be

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S,_m"

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.
with.he " '....,., .... and

of <><:ut"". but _

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rrd .... f

'I>oucbt."

Woman . t Aja nta


001''''''' Glad ...... SoIom<>n lw

"'own bow, r",

.... " ..."io.-loI",," 01 AI"'''. " . Ul><au'y WO>

_.

j",' .. ,... tb<m .U IH" ..... ""._ 111"",,... DO .... ry


~=, <!i><i""' .... ' .....1_ bo:t~ pb)"i<al and monJ
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tb<ir ........ """" u., "'" in<h<o from Boddh "
Hi. ,ri!;" to 11. . ."",,' "W"",on_w..-.hip';' not
1<00 , ..... lhan ... '" ;" ,he opinion. ,
p<dOO<d,
about
ThcAj ..,. ... is .. did not. he ...nub,
" _ _ <n, 'I><r $imply copiod <he;, _ _ Tt..,.
... ,. "",<en' to Irttd from ,0.;, ""tuns..... 1"''''''-1
u..;,. ",tu_ Woman h><l !ur .l><1l> derotati ....
......... oI<OS"'b too pm:iwo
he
by
la... s:.,,,, .. ,,,,.- ,he Lo .... 01 Art 101" oh< ",.do
\hem. Th.y le>rncd f"'" 1>. They ,truc;ltd to
'<}'I'Od..,. <""Y , .... of ..... '-<I.
or h.,I""", ove<y ~ 01 !>o'er<. Sho .... hrUltd th<m "jtb
h<r ,.;,. on<! """'" , ......,...".. Ih<m ;n ,he "Y'''ri<s
01 h.,- "';Ie., """" """"'1 ,ban ""'" Ih< 1'ariIien""
tb<
01 'o-<I>.y. Thq pnxIoood .; .......1 and
with di><rim .... '... kn.,.'k<Ico h" _n..g
coifIu",, : 'hey <k:<kl hO' .. pOlni1Uinl m..,_
~i'h ,he
""uliful trinkU tl><y "",Id 01<,*."

hit""""

"ion'"

dimini_

'0

''''''1 """'"

po>id'"

moo'

Beauty of 'M World


~ ....,.........

ha.. he odds, W"",an """"V(d ouch

, .porI' ODd W><I<nt.ooUl.lK<nace.

In . pit< or .....

Obviouo ,.liIy. ,... r........ riptly """tb.....


Ai"''' "'.. w"",." ;, ,~t'"
on indivi<loal.

.... ..

..

" 'I.... _

I." !'ri,cipi<-

She ..
lema" _rdy
!>,H ,..., iocarna';"" of .n ,,.. l~. .,y or 'he world.
H<nOtwi,h .n lie. piety. I",. do.nn , her -_ _ _ :
oh< no'.." a.:- h ... dll!lli'y nd "",,11< .. ohe. """
li"l<d ..- b<otnir<hed , =ywh< in " .. ptdeo of
"""""- "" \><hold 'Il< !uUbI<>wn """ in Its ",KI< and
pIomo-<'I<rO'h .... ,b< '<2ffiplod I;ly. '>I 'Plyand
I'....... in"'" , ... W"""", of Ai_ .. "'"

F.--h..,ded

Rn~lry

'11", o<po ... ' ...... """ of " ,..., w<,a..<y uI Ai"''' '"
<.. "" , .....}... .,..)pr<!. IM ,he """)U ,...,.,Jd.
ht- _t~
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"ondpoin'. po<l>. p' ".. ..U"",I'\>,." The.. ...
(;ri/fi.I" ,uf'l'O'U him, ". /...,..,.ndtd "' .... ')' m 'he
"PP<>""""i<o
.l\c an;', uI
th<
""'nlk>l<llil< ... IOw a nol 1< ...... ," In 'his .. "upcnOwo
",10..;0... " .....
tho .. hoa bn." l'rof.... '
C""",," ocr-. .. .., stinti"..
i<~"

"''1'

= ...

._..:1 '0
or ."

"""'ine

or .......

Not Ri,id M"",ld.

Ai"" ....

11><
1. ... uI ... "", Prof "" K........
rip! n><Jolloj,
" .... h.,,,"_ \'" <I)",,,U[,I
w ....'" ..,.. """'" to
olt .. ~ taloely.
<ril" !n<liart .rI." 11 ",-"Id 11<. , .....1<. boil>
1,.::.1"" ,,~I lutl., 10 ."""',,. <\cid ",Una,. 01
, .. iO!inp .t Aj"'" ~'" bricl "'''"... 01 'he
.....,.<1... in 'he "";0'",,, ,I .. , 'un ... "'~.td ,he
'j."...a..t;..n ,l ".n,..,'en' oI",<VCtS woold he "-dui t.
0/ .rt ,

_to.""Q ,,.,.

t".

"..!<n"

P. rf""on of Line

It """'ld ... ...Ji.od"' U.. ""'..., t~at the ... 0:<,


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diff, .... ' ~ind>" ... io'~"


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... tM ~ _ 0 1 . 0 . .... !I.no! JIUI.... - .

01 " , ~. _
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Ion""'..... IUId pIoeo In .-.., . r< "".;,.; ..... Rut
atI<lW....
d _ " " ... janta . ... _
__ .................. ..,. oil

n...,,<t...

..... on. r;..,. .. W... .

_1"aCtrtoo_. .


PART III

ARCHI TECnlRE

,,-,

C......,..

(A"""

CA IX
c.... X

c.....~I.~
C.... ~ XXI"I

1',_ c....
\;..... XII

(.,.g

11

C.. \'11

c..,,,

CA'~ \"I

CA'. X\I

CAn 1\'

..... ,."XX

"
L_ _ _ ....... ' _ _ ....... . ........ .

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Ardlit t ..., _ _ <Y<fY" "I_ " ' _ " ' " '
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Tho ........ ........ .....

~"'

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w WII............ .. <cl. ...


..... "" ... ~,;. .. .

!omo ", "'" ...1000 "ribut",

... CfdJ, .t; . . - _


Iv bo _

........ _

'Ill<

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onc!..p ...! """"'. "'_.c oonJ '-';'"


01
~.,.. bo<n Y)' _dy <w<oiook<d by ,I>< -jorI'1
t" du>j/y , _
, _ _ fiDd It _ .0<1
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_

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._.

.,_

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A.... i<>_pt o;< .....110. M """"plo.


_

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m .... '" "I" .... "",pit_I> """"",",od "';,h holl_tod
, ..... bo<k to tI;o,k ,.;tb It 1>< .........
(6) """""
on , ... <>1'''l1li of. px"h.r 1011>\, like bcehiveo "';th
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'b<ni.

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1I . Andrno :<tU il>.
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d _ 01 .he

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I~ ,1>0 ... h <.ha"""....,." " 10. p<riod of


."",i."""", ,.......,... t" t1 .. C8~, Thty ...... "('1
.bo riPn';'" of.1>o fip"', (.) 'he ~ich' 01 .top..
ooIwnM, th_oId<, ODd plinth<. (3) .he ",,,,,diU';",
_
.. 01 """". (.) tile prccWm 01 OII'line. """'r>.<y
of .. <I..,.. and Iin>thod <""""ion in houl oy<nil<,
1.....'.,... and ~""'i1 . (~) !l...1'<>KI.nCC 01 I\orid
' oeroJh, _I<, and ox""",'.. " ... i~:

Con.inuOWl Link.
<
loo. . . .relli'''''"", I. un;vt<U.Uy _ _ _
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di$t"<1iv<, -"'<I, ,,,. <>.,."..t "';.nt., <>It on<! ",,"'I

.fll_

durioc p<riod o( o...u ......, hond,.,. yoaro ~., '0


.be " ...... , of .rd,;."",u,., _
ODd
on
..,,,,,UIlI "J>iMW1""i'r ond field for "!>iy. The cho
"'''''"',.., "''''''_ aim.. , QI ,he Go,,> ond l""'G~J>Io p<riod. "''Y be obovt<I Ajon,.. F""" U,.

t_

,f<iIi<'u,,1 f<>rna In<I ..... i.. in , ..... cavt-<>.,III",I.


,."";';", from .he <>m, .po<ho. """Id be

'"

!tlII

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.... on ...... _ , ........... 01,10. _ , " " .......... ill.

_ _ _ _ ... orI1' ... lmko .. t ......' _


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The ....-,," "'" o...J


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~

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I ' __ bJ <I00I, _

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........ XIX""" XX\,! ( 1'10.)1:, );:'1_ - ' "

,, -... to.. __

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of ....... _ . A _
.... _'.il _ P f ' _ 1_. .ay, ca... ;1:. Of
XIII", XII'I'" ca'" XI' " 111. X\' II . ' _

......

... ....... ""<I H., , .... "', ..... (,1. ..XIX . .""11),

Cloai."..
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..,.".,.. Il may!,oo "'""1'" <1 will. n .. '; .. '10, .. ,d l...
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<>I "".. XXVI. T bio "" '" 10, ill pion,
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"d-<Ul ",ft.,..
in 'h< sido otrid..... ,~.... .,.("' ,t.- tr. .... ,;.." ro,
..ood<n '" 'in,",
Wl<.,.. "" ~ "I U.. "",..," ," r_~ ~h"h "',,"
ba", oriKinoll)" 1... ~t'<'e<I il,

,,,,,1

... ,,..

d.,

"",hi,,,,,,,... n.',,, .,1.-.... '.0 h.

A p.rfect Specim<n
C. " XIX .. sim'." in pion l'", .\ XIII'A) tn.P C_
0111<, Ckily ... ,"" t Ai'''''' """1" CU"J'" ,".",
IX. wbi<h .. >q03l< in pia!> (1'1. XX" '_"). 11.......
pM .., l/o4o_w o . . . . """",-,,I . ';tlt 'h< .. rli<t.
Hi"",..,.. , pILuc 0' !<"dd~"," ......"-1 .. ~, ...... to)'

,(11.
.. <>''''',
""'''''''' ood rnl,....,... """""" ""-,.... IX
I XJ .00 x .nJ to"'" XI.\: >nd .'\x \'l (I' . x.
,.. "m be....,,,
..,
"i<lin_
~_ hy i" ..bl.~"dy <O"~" '........ >nd ,"""IK<
p..h (I', XII). h h.. 00... ,,",-Wo ..... "" ,........
Ill< m,." p<rli .f><.'ci"' ...... 1l<Ld<lhi".n in h.. li>.
."d w bo<II p<>,I)' and j ..U.\' .urni"", h
,I..
.. b<ouw and '''mpit'''''''' of ,to ."',il. '
xr ~

t""~

~,,\por. c..,~ XL~; ,

U,hic Ch..od..
It .. ,11< "",,,,'" O>!. C~ ..!'" ... 'I ..... y in .......
Tb< , """;h"" fI...." wood '" ,,_ ;, .pp..-hinC

"""' .... Iort.

"nd. lilt ~tlIie <l,~,""" """'' ' ' 'U><

'0 '" di"'"<flr ...!cu"',.. The


by .,,_,.......

is boJintIiO&"
10, _
.... _

n..

'''1ad.

_iI ... tIroo ...... CIooiIJooo _


,,,,- .... 01 . T100 10....... 0( ,be " ' _ (1'1. Xl
10"'" lots ........,.ly <a<ved
_(l~, X l!~
"~.

""'..

,,,,,,,1>0 ..

~
-.t .... -. .....
___ _
.. ,oct--.
J _ ud...
ciraIar _tu _!<Id
"ltb 11<1..... ""'10"''' ''*'''Y. The ohd.. bot_
n..

'''" 1><1" ...... plo;" or

opnI io _

....

,.-,to ! ..;\11

ia .. _

~.tJnc.

.... _'cu-<*JIit.
olI-. - ...... - by
1,.-.
Tht """'.,.. .. ,bo oide _ _ ...
b.
""" .

""'" .. , ...... iI oaly _ ..., _ to ,loo C..."...


lIoo ....-. .-... ....,. littlo ...' InMa tbo _ ,.

e.....po!

St~p,

and Umb ... U.

The ,""'" ;"""",,1>.. loo, ...... 'bo __ riD< 10.


_ . " , ... _
.. ,"" _ _ _ ......... .1>*<
C-P"'" '100 .......... ... "';,b .... , 01 ........ IX
(1'10. LX. X~ The " "''" io ...... _iwIIy0 Ionfo,O <!_
The boo .. io ,;;_. it ....k! _ . pool'" *po>rt.

__ ......

'b_~

.... The pIiotb ODd

....... _ _ ...

r--

to",. _

pod<oIoJ, " ..
mthi,,,,,
ural
......
il.. A!>d, ,bo "~Jcu .. or
_ _ _ ,. .... ""'" 01 tit.< _ . ,bo
'10'.... _" _ I l l _
..... .-...". ....... .
tII>iI<\Iuo ...... ,ho _ . "'- lip.. o<u'P"''* ,.,.
bo round "" tbo .. u,,* ... . bo ...u.r C... it,...

'Q

"".... IX....J X).

n.. ........... Ico'."'. ,ri...

_" _
.100 _
""""'" _
U.. fWI.
h. . O-opito .. ""' ..... of ,h. dio""J' ....1n.I .... <Ie. 01

,.....,.......

"t

--

...

--"_

.. G-Oo.,.

XT"

........-........ .... c.-.

" .." .... _ . _.. _

Ditluoed De<o..tio~

c....'(.X VI II~,

XIII );' tl~ \.0." 0/ ,I .. CA.;I,., <;-.


It;"m I..... ""', [".It <~""'''. b" ..I~ .Y",V,
simil., ,,, ca", .\IX . TI" m'r.mre 1'....<10 I .. , ,.~...

at Ai''''''

d,,''''yru. Tb;' ~'''i',. h",,,...... """,,...,.. ,""

,l.=n.''''

l"'-~'"

Ih<r=o< ul "'--.i&n "",I


~'hi<h di>li".r'i~""
"'",.. X IX, Ti., "~l ""')[><0"".., ,,,. ... ,Ho 0/

.... e<ffid<>t>.

'Ik ''''''''1" """I"u_,,, ,I>. """.i,,,,,,.

,,,,,,",,,j,,,

. .d, .,..."",uY. ~" " .. k<Ok... d i" ....... 01


,l<1ailo, i _ Ol>d .. " ....... ,J tbe Ill"".. "~, ;1 ,,( .,,,,,h
of ito .~h<",;" '1 ~''''<''I>Io <1",m n.. tb"",
,.".. ""'" '" "'" Chi/)", . ,IK "' ....<1 ,_ ,~ ' ... ""P"
...... ,.j,h i" _. ~.~ "",jjj i. I"." (I', XII ou>d
lIS pion ",...1 ,be le<>;o,; 'k.<
,,,,tU_

.trlU,"",,,,,,

.......' i" ""'...\I" .


On,;" 01 Do""" and Arch

rc,I"""-"''' or r"di.,.." I..", lr>d ,...............

\>IanOo,~

_ . 01 .he

ptO,,,,,,,,

.h i, <~ .. 1 n",;r~

10 'he moIi!> hoc.cI ""',,""-..1 ;n ."""""


",,,,hi,,,,," .. , lh. 110\"'011 "". . .
",t.
<.. I>.ly ,he _
,,) It.., .,upo ,0 e,,,', XI \

,,",..

'n',,'

,..,,;.

(1~_ XI
.. <h< I""''''l'l'<. mo"" '" k... '~ the " ..... "" """".

,...,pb

500"". "'" ...,

Ill..!.
01 d ..
,~ ,I>c
" .... ,""""" do>me. 'ho ptumi .... ' I"","", )[~
o:><l
pIl __ of " ..... 10_1001.." ardIi1t""" ....
poin' _her< 10,,10;001 !lot~' ,"upom<>.,.. XXVI
(I'. Xl)=" b< __ in proIit.. ob< <Ioo'-<:u' "",lint
.'hich ..,-"' .. ,1>c .. '-;kmS """"',..,..,., 01 ,b pper part
01 It><
to ,10. .,_ of ,t>< Hind, , ... pIe> 01 ,he
Soo,Io_ ll<. 11 ..... n wowu ,10 .. oe<m j ...,;r...!;n

Of ""

la,.,.

""I'"

"p"'-

;'C ' ... IHndu ........, ,he_inclink .... - ' ' ' ' '

_ _ .. tho_h aad_ tbo - _ ..


,;",. oa " " ' _ .
" ' - 01 .... JI~ uod _

!ic/1'' '

H 100 pOin" ,.," the '" Ch;"" ''''''''


,"" _,nllto oll 01 ..... XIX {PI. XII) ... " ' - "
..... _~ _ _ 10
"'" Jl'*"Ah. ..,r ... M"
IDdia 01 ,1<0 n<Ii>'" , .nd ~,,,, ...,. _he< 01
1Iloo Iootwa 01 I........ _;tocI u .. whicb. ooq";""j

,._ occ........,'II<M.....,,-.

otdII,,,,,_ ....._

l"""'id<. ,""""" ', " ..... '"

_ _ of

~a...,..

ill'.,.,...,.",

andto ......- .

no

I
I
I

ea.. xm _1 bo, ... _


nllonolo.O M _C-:l1I 1
00 ~ 100", __ f _ Xll .......... boo
oq..tly old ..... it .... _ _ """ polo" 01
m_II'\.Xly). 1I.fn.' _ _ _ ~"''''
_PP'*""". The hall ,.;,~ ,t.. .....
ilo
owr Ibo OIU - . ""'y. "'-~r, loo _n~.I ... hE

1'_ ...

. . '1 .... _ _ .. , .... v<

..

r~

..

...,10111",

11 10 _tool wHb ,t.. ..."'" C.'/,)'o ""I., "illII!!


..... _

01 cu.. lb.i

'

~ ... mm.

urliett Pill, ...


Xl .... bom _
.. -_01, ... _ _
_pIcool''''io_'''~.f_

ea..

C- X I

T_1'1.o M""J.,

n.o _

0( "'. . VII ... "

hi

t ,~ H._

c- rll

,_01. ,...,,,"_N<,.

.t EIe-pIwI'" _
tbo . _ 01 ..... ,"" , ~ ... ,boo ..,..,..w.,1it<
ono! tllo"'it<
,",110..
in di~"",,' 01... In . . . 11< """ or , ,., CO ..... "

<ham''''' "" oIid<',.,..... ,...

AJa.o'"

_.oried

T..

ViM'.

c... VIi> 'Io.....y ~ 1'0,.10 A;.-... c- r .

-"' . . _01_;.. . . . .'. . -

n.o ...... ,-., ...... '" lk n..... - . ,,,"""


~ .100 ...... ,,*,,, 01 ,h....n -.I ".un ..
. . . . . ,M .....' _ .. ,"" _

ooP ... o ........ - _ .

-.I . -


1.0", ...
C-, ,.

r.w 1\ io 11.. 1;<'1'''' of ,I>< ,',..." .., 11>0 roJ


...- ' ......... ""'....... ,10. ' '''I' """"'" 01 It> _
...
"""'. . . . ,,, " ...... in , ......... . anohkO <t-.
1100
co"",,,~ , (11. ;':\"11) ,., 11 .. ,...-.Ia/ I loo, 10<
..... _ ...., ;"',....... " ...... pI;rily'~ I", lin ......' _

." ......". ,...........~


f ineo'

C- I

VI~Qr~

,- -

Vi~Qr.

I ... B"~" ...;,k.". ....... I , ." X IX, .... .,... 0/


...,.
tl", ... ~, ,-;........ ,~ j k"'l." H , _
...".
"
Iho
loo
It
'IIM
-y"
...
01 .......... ........, ........

in .. _ .. <>l a ' ....... '"""", _11 with

no< """',m,II,.... ,.. " .. ""'erio>r ",

jo. ... iIIo .. I... ~I ......n.';....

-a~.

,1>0 """"

'"Uy

S;de Cham .... n

c- "

,'",. 11 (I', .~I'III ;,., "'..... <Of bo, ""'ilar '0",,,,


..Joke ",,,. I, ..... ,.". i ,~ ... ""....,., Iio:lool "'"
"
L
...... , , ... , .. -k _ ' - ,..;,) ",u.... .".,.......

....... _,,~"''''........ " ..... llio, ... . . , . , _ . _


I.. I." ,,_, '''\)' ,",_ wi,h ''''''''' of pain ...... 'IS
co. .... I in dol

si, ......, 11;, ";"..",)" ;,,r..;... . , ..


""o<aI ...-.. -.. t. Iurliot: - '

dooon.......

lIi, J.o,a. S . a.,.urd


I .,",~ \' I .. ,.,. ,~ ,, .. , ';-,,-, of 11"'*' import .
...... tu , ........ 1<01, 01 otdI.It<d un. "Tho v-..o, ill
cliopooitioa 0/ It>
ill """"'...
pI., I "~
....I ....... _I trir;"".. .......... pnobobly. ,h. ~.

xxm'''1

",,",I.m
A;- .

.o'I<~'"

,Il00

in .",I.It ,,, .. , oomp",dior1


...,. wi.b ,,1.1Gb ,loo buildo<

n........kooI.u.I

"

.'

'loo"),,,

01 ,ho
""'jot<! ,boo C..ity.o .0:1, .. ~
Jot ill....ru..'iflj( .100 "ul'" In ,bo main haU 1... _ .
I......... 'ly, .".. imliy. d..... bj;t !or "J'i>'<ci>'''''
Bu' the ntanI\t, In _
U..
M ' hi>
V.u.. ""'r'" ....J _
in illumi .. Hn~ ,11< biJ
im"&,, in ,1>0 main dI ..... b .. ..:artcly bt<I' ",A;",d,
.lt~ it is ..,;,........... mu' _!no ""Ii ...
,h. " Ho< oil..... 01 ob< boild<r 01 ''''' , .....Y" .

"",,,,,..,,,,1<1<,

u~".

Focu ..d
Look . t ,11< i""", in ,t.. ohm., r,... ,lot

,h-....,

01 'his Va. .. ODd, opio . i0oi< .. 'he ...... in tbo


",rino !wn ,he '''~ ...
XI'II """ tl"
""",... ",m be ~ , .....PI......,. Then< <1rI be
only odrn'rot'" [or
_I.,Iid<, 01 ,11< v......
",bo "",Id ,~"' """" th. """"" in CO'" X\'I whh 1;,,11'
dj_od r.... ,... 'hINIoId. n .. !<..;or pOint in ,he
o,..,i,,,,,,,,,,,1 oom"";hoo """"" 10< .. '-d .

e,""

",< ..."..

Beautiful En". DU

1",",,, ..

[, io ,t.< .. .,,, , .. ,_ _
I hu p,'m
... ,1>0 m ...h .......
f ,~;,,,,,,,,,,,, "" ,be ,..,.n<la1l,
the boa"mu' .. ,,.,..,. ! ... k<d by .. <>I .I<phon t ~
ODd Ih< landin!: "';,h ,Il< '-",ilul
~

,>tici'

.v.,.
..,'non ...rI",... """,..1JI<R'i, ..... >JI4 i"' ...... _

The
oI.ho Yi~""'. ,I.. oo,;ina!

'1'\"",<1. '" ,to. "'_

A""' ....... ~_bk [..,"'" ol ,I>< I"ih.", i, , he


..,.,! of to. tmll.K ,,,,,<1<<<1 ~';'h '''''''''' ...1",It ...
ODd ""all ",.. , Iivu'" ......
,b< <-.pit. " of
,bo ,,11> ... .

mot,,,,, . . . . ..:1<."u......., """....


_,,~

~'ood .

M.'~rioJ

Help/ul

eo",,:..~ (I'L )(XII1;.. . . . _

;",Ir)f

.... """"" ... ,

d.....
"""'"'o_<1,

obj.ct .......Iy by ,"" .. _ , of 1"'Tho nichO ~ .. "'" "j,h n, eo,".... 110110 .. ,,,,,,,,.
16o<t,;..J ..-llb ,h .,.,. 01 ,h. Gn,*, 1"-'""" I. Pol
-.U),~ ........ /aot .......... ,hoe ~

.,...,Iy ."; ....1

..... , ... JOIb .. ";t~ '10"." ......... .

"n".Iic>'''''

..

It.. '10 ....... of 11.. 011_


"""Ilio,t: ,,,, ""'.,'" .. _ ........ . I(.._Idc oo,ica l
,loo _ . , I ca... XI'II.
... ",.k . . . d
tb&n ....... _'<riol , _ . . " . .
io _
in hod;', 01 ,"""""ie ..nd ""' ....
" ..... 11 ..
F.... 'bio I'j.... '" """ .. \no. aIoo,
~ ..rut""......
jo<>Ibo _ _ it. ............ ..
.bo _
,~~n

'*",1 ..

t,,-,

<dr_

,,'<>I,"'' .

' ' ' ' ->Id

I... 00 , ... _ t o ",Io, ..,....


......, ..11'" I'ftumid .,,<1 .... ,," mninito:.;"
.. tIoo_p bol ,loo _~. The 1"0110. m11",,, 0/ ,boo
...... ;,. ... ty ,,-, fanOIio.
r .... XXII' ........ kl b.,.,. t.. ... 11 fini.hod, Ill<
of ,I", rih"".
..... ';1"1. I, ..
_
';.oc ,loo oUCI
f.", XXI' ..
It

wil~

'_pIo -""-J.

"';"'"..l.

,.,. .., ......


1"'._ of."" ._..i_,
0/ . ... .,. .... .

V.ridy of Col .......


1::....,. ~_oftloo ,,-,........., .. . - of
~ Id '''' "";n ........
B_1........ ..
IocintI "" """ ..I hd.... "~ .1,,,,...."''Y I';b",

11_

....

01 ,b. , ......... ....... _ ... 0/ . . - . -.......


........ Jo_
.... _ .. _<>I,,he
... ,... ....-.
_ , __
,loo ""'
.... _
b< , _

!Oki", ,,, """,pO 01""

.. , Sun.. _

<Ito<ripI~

01 ,.,.

I
j

"""

,._ ....

I,

"-I~ " ".'

""" ..,;.,oy w,;ch di>';n ...... "~ " ...'" "",loJ I., "bl.IO<tJ

"'1"'''''''''''

he-I'''- '''' X. XI.


XII. XV, XVI, Xl'll. XI'III. ;(1):. XX. _~XI. XXII

from , .. phut""

""d XXII!.
V;h~.".

No, l"" .. d

Tht CIMUyo. ha", 0/, .. loom "',. "' ....,' by


.00 " " _ , , ,~ lod"", "" ,"" . ..
Bul ,I>< Vw,,,, , ha"" ' ..."" 1'B',;wlly
NQ _oM ,,",y 0'''''' ",.pIr>re ,lie Loek,~ ..
. "" 01,,,,,,,1 a bout _ i c . o d 'h';" .",hil<"<'."'_
It ~ It.< " ; _ "hi"" .....Id.
y;.~I. il
"0< ~'l'

;M.""",,,_
,,,,,,,-..:t<d,

...,1<0"

I
"

ionn"..,

n".""Iy.
;n""""""" ....

olowIy ,,'m'nod.
r"",M """''',

,
,'",-'

CoR

l
r,, .

- ~ - ,...

'-''''-

JC' ~'

!
1,

j,

,,

1-

:.

'Ij ,

"ART IV

SCllLPTOR(

"

,...

Main C_ ... of Int. _ .

...

~n

XI;I:

XXIII

... ". ..

~n
~

\' 11

X,"

X)\l V

XXI'I

. . . ......

C- ..... ,

"

-C_"'-'<*""",_Io _
r_"~_'-J

n.. """'_"

1_. . . .

01 _ ,

.k_.

,0<lI0 ...... _ .,

,,,1)' 0< ..,ha peniot<:o'l}'_riho<\ f _ lloo~"

1"",

It_.

'\ ' I,~~'~_I<

poin" 0( ....... ha ......pi" on.ppto<Ioo DIt """'" _


b,.1Io ~, ...., _ "" '''" ",bj1 """.....bcr 01 .bo
on<! "''''''''''' of 1DdW> An boo _ y
~ .ha
!or.
_Ho
dIGn ............
<Il0l'''1,',

ij _

- , .

_'1 Il0l..,_1_ "'" """""'_


.m.t;.. [ ... \"_, s..u .... _

J-t.,.""",dooIoIWo

E it
h._
"'iooo<y 01 ..-_ An 10 Iadio .... C'.yloll "
10 " oIobcwa .. ...,.._ 01'" _ _ - ....... "
...... _ _ 01 h.,iIII 1<OIpnor< ...,... 01 .... ....,.
...

n.o

_,.011-_

_
on<I .......... ;~...;.,.oI oaoIpt .... . t """'..
WltlI _ l y
.u............ peri_

' '''' """"""'to an<! joo;\p><nl. The ........ <11 .... , ....
...... .. _ , ..1<0 .... lilt W.., .... "" ,..".,1<1 -odornod
.. iUl .......--

"""v<"'"" ""'" 0<'" _ly ,do'ocI

wi,b , _ oI.be )(<11111."

"od . t

AI"'" ...,,_

..... _ _ , ...1<4 o;hiefty <AI ,110 polo .... \loo


_
.. 0/ oaoIpt.'" ore
-.1/1 be
OOIUidoo .... . . . . - of thio boo/< _ _ '0
~

_Ht,

_ .....

............ _oI ............


_ay.-...
01 .... " c..,.. . ,"
VaI ...blo F..ld
Tbo poln,_ ..
;ut..... ""_
l>eri....
i.o

, _ lot

u...nIIo 01 ...
Oftiq",m.Ioed 1110 .....,. 01 Art.

" ..._ .. 01
""y

... ,loo, 10 DO _
_
_

.t

...... bilbeno ..........,,.


~ .. ~ -.-;.... _

Ai-tL

~'..

..... ric:

1_

An

11>0_.

01 """"_

~,.,..

.... _

.......

"'" .... '*'1_ fo< _

po'''''''' .....U .. lot otdoit""...... _riop ,


,011_ ..,..1>10.601<:1 0/ m~i.
"'id...... CO" I,. kiun<l .. OIlY ",!>eT

It. .. ull~ n ... "jan'.


pll,., d

....10 . _ . ""' ....".n......,' in I""io. I t _


boo _ _ ..... , iD "'" Cllpo<I_phlll>oo, .. o I _

G.h<dru.., ";anI&, ~ ill tlIo 1Iio<wy" h,di. .


...,............. be , _ 10 0IIII ....11,. _
........

......... prrio/I 01 ~ _ _ .... ,...... ....


........... ,....... _ _ ... _ . .,,: 'ud

.. '... _'~oI'... -.
Eaentiall , Ani.tic

c- I

- . Ioi,P .......... "'" ..........

io..be'-'!or"~ ad~

.. tor .. ~

exp"""">
tI""

It"" ....., ,,j ,h.


01 itl(\W'l ...111"."
..... ...." '0 .. I....'
cpithot. I C./>/II on<!
p<>O-C.JoOo ...lpt."", lor , ... ""'Iplu .... ooy, . t s....cIU.
&bNl, Am ...~ti. 10< ,b.................... or kw
~" ~ .........<od to.><UUoo ,he

................... _

, ...... Ior ...,.,pIt.

ou_

...

lOP 01 , ... .....- 01 ..... "


''''"' _ , pIoooo
10 Indio _
"""_, .....
10 _
...
........ r.n 01 hie _ .. _;oily ................
""""' ..... ido in~ ",do .... _
...Iily the
h _ " - -1oIiIiol i...U ;" . . .t ....,
oIi ...
j'h _ " I .......im>I aM _k '" 1.4.Ji1o ..
_ .. U_".,." ,,"u, .;10 I
t

AA

"

lmportaJrt

GaIIe..,.

no --.w.oI
"'.. IV iI.~ ... oaoIpO"'" Cow,,'
Ioo,.a.lo
......
0;.... by _ _
01 ..... ~,.. no ....... of Ibo - _
1'oJJ ' ill
,~

_w_ . . . .

.uuall-.hIp
......._ 01 tho """"', _ _ ........ iII_..,.
tholllc_ ... 'Iooricb' ..... _pIo .......... _
I~

.....

..... ..... """"rI, it "'" q"i"

ptn......d . ..,

'amillarity wllh .... laciIo ...... "0< . .1<Ion!......'""in,g


_ ' .... in ",10 <Io.y """kl b. . . .101. to . """"",,,
..... "10110 ..u.. of di_ """"'c ill .. _. no
. - IIp,,,oItlo<
P";,"Iu"-"""'"

...
""" . ..-.001
.... _,.1' '
ortiook ....... _ _ _ . n.. ...... _
H

~,

..___
-... _po,.....,.._
.t..... ,. . .
_

'-.100_ ..... _

.. ,... _

",,"loo

Ol>otroo.....,.,.
,loo
_ _ _ .. _tIoo _
_ , __

tho_oJ ........

.. hup ,~, ..............Iy ....... .httn.


0., looI<.t ,110
~.nd . ,......... <1000
on ..
by ' .. " ....... ' ... I~ .... M.
, ..... """1 uo.mpb, in lodia '" _ h _ , '" ,he
1<1011"<><"0 . " Ibo, ha .... be!rip .....tan! .... ",.Iotle
val.. ~ _
I Looot. at .100 ""'..... top

by,."

...... _

n'te,
00<1_

J-b .. ,... _ _ ... ..,w... ,.........

01. , ......... tu...,; ...... _


It
.... paot/aI ia _
....... _

""-t.

....
.... _

............ ..-.- ... tho..,..oI ..... II'

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10 ... .,.................... _

01 ..... VU.
01 . - old

c.n., ___

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~

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ODd ...... tboi<

- . . . . 01 .... ,.-<11 01 piu"'"

T'" Nop

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a,u ... <><YI.., ,1>0 loft oI ..... .......doh

01 ....... XIX (I', .'<).:1\'11\>."" rilJllllY .....!....d m ... y

,ri...,...

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01 , ...

,,,,,.r<!> ,he ,,,....... h 01 01."" XVI ...1

'*"'t..
_ .............
_il"
""".od
I"""""
N. . fi(uftol ...... oay. )4,-.

. - ... ,,.. <I<Mo0/, .ay..... XXIII


M . ;t;XI'Uu app= to ho ... - . _
.... ~.
by ...... rit .....
~

r ...........a...'

eo...

XI);; (""-X ..... XII} tIoo .........


bo, _ _tb'. I.Wo to
aI_", <b<riptiool 0/ ,,,,,. _ _ oIoaoIptu ..

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....... """,~ ,...." Ior .... lnopirint joy 01

pooI<tll1.

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XXIV" import ... ' I", 'M Byl"l ,..,...

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,he I:wa<l<ot

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eo"'_i,i.....

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C... XX\'[ .. 1;100 COW XIX. _
....u.
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_ .. tIIoo nrir<y...., . . ot ..... oaoIpI_
.. ,11/0

a.;ry.. .... _ . _ _ , _
Thio
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, _ ..

by lis
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~ .... -u.oI ; .. _
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oI
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cl.pklooI ;" _

.. ,boo woII 01 Iloo lot.

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......' " '
' .. lOo .. H;"O<)' of Y_ An" h.bo

""" toyloo:' with ~ _ _ -...bIt


d ........ 01 .... ......., .t o T_ _ .,.," ,,"0"'"
d,......... """'.,...~ <OIl do ...)'\hinI ."""_....
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.-Ioh _
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okW """"",moo ...... k


on<! ...... iudpl<nt
(I~ . XXI'). n.. ... Jp ...........,..' .... 111 "' cm,.
l'OOi'ion CUI too ..... ...., ia ,loo ""'... '" d;,.c; .... _
t

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uoI _ - .

-mnc art;"", .oleo. io.-."""'Y


pIuIo ..... _ . . , . ! ........ "';,b ..... _1 .., Io..w. .
.,... on Ill< 1>000 ..,.,,, ond ""p"" of ............ ,'" ,bo

......,._

.;,~

door jo"'ho 11"', XXVii . .... xn'u 'l . m.Il,,\~... od


oeiliop, .... , .. . .... 'bn.... ooI<l' ,A ,, .. oh""'" Th< "11
_
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wwId._

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It 10 ........ " ' _ Mp; .... tilt. IJI>. UIf, it _ _


"""..-.. h io. ,1wftIo'"', ,I ' ...... , ..1>..... , _

"...al.

,\

..
APPENDIX

_ ;. ... ,hW. ,_"P-'"


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-....J_ <Ill" F..-.J

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1.<0,<1<.. ,,, ... ,,,, ' .. , '~L.o LllIf.
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~.<.~_

.........

..

r.... ,_

s..........,

J _ " ............ _ .. ~~

,~.,--,

N.:s<~.I.,.'''S.

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,...,._ "1"""

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t ... ~n~ ............. _

.. , , _..... , .'., . . . . . . . . u

.. :

11

r_ .... ~ ..... _:-

,.,

",,, ... ,11 .. ,."",.,. I''''~'~ ' " . _ , 10


,t...
ri, bo
.....,,1 to. ",~' , " ....... ........ , .. ~""""~ ..
oIl'''''' _I .. El.... :

(4

" ...... ,. ......... h ....,...,.'... fn_d........


" , .. ""l' ..,.._ ............ 1'1 I, oriII ""

1............,., "1"""'-"" '" ....

-_ - .

.......
..........,._...........
-,.............. "....... ...
-~
HO.

,~ ....... _ . ,

r........

1fioIwo-" .......--.............. -

, ..................

loot , ... '~''''''''' """" .. o.. ~ .. ,.- ..... , ..

... PI'IlN III X

,I

".1MOiO .., ...... _ ........Iloo.


....f*I>, 0111000 01 _ _ will loo _
~

Ilin<_ 01
H~_'

oobjo<I

A~

Go,,' .....

~,

on _N .. R io E.aIOocI

, .....

0/ naIy _

H;Jh- '

H O. _

,:..,,_ '" ........ ..... <Wo... priomoy ..

M.,_,....

_n
.. ,........... ..,.'.. '1'.

in RoIo ('1 io 'f'IIIi<ol>Io


phe _ _ ,

W n.. " .. ~,"'" ....'


'"

W~..,.,.."

......
, .. _

III

..... or - . . . .... F _

-.ay
U.. ","nU. . 10 ."k" Y

... - . , . . ... , . . .

,h. so.rl_

,~

" , -

f .... ~ ...... I"'P"" ..... nd ..... 1>00.... i " _ 10


...,. ......... 1"....1 .. _

''''''' ...... i00i.

,.,.0001.
AKII.\N YAR JUNG,
.~,.c-._.

J_i<;../, IWiu.>M r.......I ( ~ .......,;.,t)

~-

,,

"

'

A tJ. Lux. Gifl B .....

Studies in Indian Painting


8,' N. C. MHT A. I.C.S.
" 'lth " PI., .. ,. C."'u, d " '.II.I I.To .

!Jooo". sa. ( "1' x 91' I


Pric e RI . &6 .

'.

I.

I
I

J ~ .I

"

--. -

.",' .... ~.'

I,

'

. ".

'.

Aroilaeologlco l
C.U N .

Libr:ory.~~S-

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