Jeppesen Met

19 DEC 08
METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS
EH-I
Below its a complete list of the standard contents of Airway Manual. Limited or special coverages may not contain all items, but that material which is included should be arranged in the order outlined. TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... EH-I METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3 CHAPTER 1 DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Terms used with a limited Meaning ................................................................................................. 2 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS .................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Objective, Determination and Provision of Meteorological Service ................................................. 3 2.2 Supply, Quality Assurance and Use of Meteorological Information ................................................. 3 2.3 Notifications required from Operators.............................................................................................. 4 CHAPTER 3 WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM AND METEOROLOGICAL OFFICES.................... 4 3.1 Objectives of the World Area Forecast System ............................................................................... 4 3.2 World Area Forecast Centres .......................................................................................................... 4 3.3 Meteorological Offices ..................................................................................................................... 4 3.4 Meteorological Watch Offices .......................................................................................................... 5 3.5 Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres........................................................................................................ 5 3.6 State Volcano Observatories ........................................................................................................... 6 3.7 Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centres.................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 4 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS ................................................... 6 4.1 Aeronautical Meteorological Stations and Observations ................................................................. 6 4.2 Agreement between Air Traffic Services Authorities and Meteorological Authorities ...................... 7 4.3 Routine Observations and Reports ................................................................................................. 7 4.4 Special Observations and Reports .................................................................................................. 8 4.5 Contents of Reports......................................................................................................................... 8 4.6 Observing and Reporting Meteorological Elements ........................................................................ 8 4.7 Reporting of Information from Automatic Observing Systems......................................................... 9 4.8 Observation and Reports of Volcanic Activity.................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 5 AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS................................................................. 10 5.1 Obligations of States...................................................................................................................... 10 5.2 Types of Aircraft Observations....................................................................................................... 10 5.3 Routine Aircraft Observations - Designation.................................................................................. 10 5.4 Routine Aircraft Observations - Exemptions .................................................................................. 10 5.5 Special Aircraft Observations ........................................................................................................ 10 5.6 Other Non-Routine Aircraft Observations ...................................................................................... 11 5.7 Reporting of Aircraft Observations during Flight............................................................................ 11 5.8 Relay of Air-Reports by ATS Units................................................................................................. 11 5.9 Recording and Post-Flight Reporting of Aircraft Observations of Volcanic Activity ....................... 11 CHAPTER 6 FORECASTS .................................................................................................................... 11 6.1 Interpretation and use of Forecasts ............................................................................................... 11 6.2 Aerodrome Forecasts .................................................................................................................... 11 6.3 Landing Forecasts ......................................................................................................................... 12 6.4 Forecasts for Take-Off ................................................................................................................... 12 6.5 Area Forecasts for Low-Level Flights............................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER 7 SIGMET AND AIRMET INFORMATION, AERODROME WARNINGS AND WIND SHEAR WARNINGS AND ALERTS .................................................................. 12 7.1 SIGMET Information ..................................................................................................................... 12 7.2 AIRMET Information ...................................................................................................................... 13 7.3 Aerodrome Warnings..................................................................................................................... 13 7.4 Wind Shear Warnings and Alerts .................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 8 AERONAUTICAL CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION..................................................... 13 8.1 General Provisions ........................................................................................................................ 13 8.2 Aerodrome Climatological Tables .................................................................................................. 14 8.3 Aerodrome Climatological Summaries .......................................................................................... 14 8.4 Copies of Meteorological Observational Data ............................................................................... 14
JEPPESEN, 1995, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Printed by: KFR1980
EH-II
19 DEC 08
CHAPTER 9 SERVICE FOR OPERATORS AND FLIGHT CREW MEMBERS ..................................... 14 9.1 General Provisions ........................................................................................................................ 14 9.2 Briefing, Consultation and Display................................................................................................. 15 9.3 Flight Documentation..................................................................................................................... 15 9.4 Automated Pre-Flight Information Systems for Briefing, Consultation, Flight Planning and Flight Documentation ............................................................... 16 9.5 Information for Aircraft in Flight...................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER 10 INFORMATION FOR AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES, SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICES AND AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION SERVICES .............................................................. 16 10.1 Information for Air Traffic Services Units........................................................................................ 16 10.2 Information for Search an Rescue Services Units ......................................................................... 16 10.3 Information for Aeronautical Information Services Units................................................................ 17 CHAPTER 11 REQUIREMENTS FOR AND USE OF COMMUNICATIONS.......................................... 17 11.1 Requirements for Communications ............................................................................................... 17 11.2 Use of Aeronautical Fixed Service Communications Meteorological Bulletins in Alphanumeric Format.......................................................................... 17 11.3 Use of Aeronautical Fixed Service Communications World Area Forecast System Products.......................................................................................... 18 11.4 Use of Aeronautical Mobile Service Communication..................................................................... 18 11.5 Use of Aeronautical Data Link Service - Contents of D-VOLMET ................................................. 18 11.6 Use of Aeronautical Broadcast Service - Contents of VOLMET Broadcasts................................. 18 APPENDIX 1 FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION - MODEL CHARTS AND FORMS ...................................... 21 MODEL A - OPMET INFORMATION ........................................................................................................ 22 MODEL IS - UPPER WIND AND TEMPERATURE CHART FOR ISOBARIC SURFACE......................... 23 MODEL IS - UPPER WIND AND TEMPERATURE CHART FOR STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACE.... 24 MODEL SWH - SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART (HIGH LEVEL).......................................................... 25 MODEL SWM - SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART (MEDIUM LEVEL).................................................... 26 MODEL SWL - SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART (LOW LEVEL) Example 1 ......................................... 27 MODEL SWL - SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART (LOW LEVEL) Example 2 ......................................... 28 MODEL VAG - VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY INFORMATION IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT ........................ 29 MODEL SVA - SIGMET FOR VOLCANIC ASH IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT .............................................. 30 MODEL SGE - SIGMET FOR PHENOMENA OTHER THAN TROPICAL CYCLONE AND VOLCANIC ASH IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT ..................................................................................... 31 MODEL SN - NOTATIONS USED IN FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION ........................................................... 33 1. SYMBOLS FOR SIGNIFICANT WEATHER .................................................................................. 33 2. FRONTS AND CONVERGENCE ZONES AND OTHER SYMBOLS USED ................................. 34 3. ABBREVIATIONS USED TO DESCRIBE CLOUDS ...................................................................... 34 3.1 Type ............................................................................................................................................... 34 3.2 Amount .......................................................................................................................................... 34 3.3 Heights........................................................................................................................................... 35 4. DEPICTING OF LINES AND SYSTEMS ON SPECIFIC CHARTS ............................................... 35 4.1 SWH and SWM - Significant Weather Charts (High and Medium) ................................................ 35 4.2 SWL - Significant Weather Chart (Lower Level) ............................................................................ 35 4.3 Arrows, Feathers and Pennants..................................................................................................... 35 APPENDIX 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM AND METEOROLOGICAL OFFICES........................................................................................ 41 Table A2-1 - Template for advisory message for volcanic ash.................................................................. 41 Example A2-1 - Advisory message for volcanic ash ................................................................................. 44 Table A2-2 - Template for advisory message for tropical cyclones............................................................ 45 Example A2-2 - Advisory message for tropical cyclones .......................................................................... 47 APPENDIX 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS ............................................................................................................ 51 Table A3-1 - Template for local routine (MET REPORT) and local (SPECIAL) reports ............................. 51 Table A3-2 - Template for METAR and SPECI .......................................................................................... 56 Table A3-3 - Use of change indicators in trend forecast............................................................................ 60 Table A3-4 - Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in local reports ...................... 60 Table A3-5 - Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in METAR and SPECI ........... 61 Example A3-1 - Routine report.................................................................................................................. 62 Example A3-2 - Special report .................................................................................................................. 62 Example A3-3 - Volcanic activity report..................................................................................................... 62
Printed by: KFR1980
19 DEC 08
EH-III
APPENDIX 4 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS ..................................................................................................... .......71 1. CONTENTS OF AIR-REPORTS ................................................................................................... 71 1.1 Routine air-reports by air-ground data link .................................................................................... 71 1.2 Special air-reports by air-ground data link ..................................................................................... 71 1.3 Routine air-reports by voice communications................................................................................ 71 1.4 Special air-reports by voice communications ................................................................................ 71 2. CRITERIA FOR REPORTING ....................................................................................................... 72 2.2 Wind direction ................................................................................................................................ 72 2.3 Wind speed.................................................................................................................................... 72 2.4 Wind quality flag ............................................................................................................................ 72 2.5 Temperature................................................................................................................................... 72 2.6 Turbulence ..................................................................................................................................... 72 Table A4-1 - Time of occurrence of the peak value to be reported ........................................................... 72 Table A4-2 - Template for special air-report (downlink) ............................................................................. 72 Table A4-3 - Ranges and resolutions for the meteorological elements included in air-reports ................. 73 APPENDIX 5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO FORECASTS ........................................ 81 1. CRITERIA RELATED TO TAF........................................................................................................ 81 1.1 TAF format ..................................................................................................................................... 81 1.2 Inclusion of meteorological elements in TAF ................................................................................. 81 1.3 Use of change groups.................................................................................................................... 81 1.4 Use of probability groups ............................................................................................................... 83 1.5 Numbers of change and probability groups ................................................................................... 83 1.6 Dissemination of TAF..................................................................................................................... 83 2. CRITERIA RELATED TO TREND FORECASTS........................................................................... 83 2.1 Format of trend forecasts............................................................................................................... 83 2.2 Inclusion of meteorological elements in trend forecasts ................................................................ 83 2.3 Use of change groups.................................................................................................................... 84 2.4 Use of probability indicator ............................................................................................................ 84 3. CRITERIA RELATED TO FORECASTS FOR TAKE-OFF ............................................................. 85 3.1 Format of forecasts for take-off...................................................................................................... 85 3.2 Amendments to forecasts for take-off ............................................................................................ 85 4. CRITERIA RELATED TO AREA FORECASTS FOR LOW-LEVEL FLIGHTS ............................... 85 4.1 Format and content of GAMET area forecasts .............................................................................. 85 4.2 Amendments to GAMET area forecasts ........................................................................................ 85 4.3 Content of area forecasts for low-level flights in chart form ........................................................... 85 4.4 Exchange of area forecasts for low-level flights............................................................................. 85 Table A5-1 - Template for TAF ................................................................................................................... 85 Table A5-2 - Use of change and time indicators in TAF............................................................................. 89 Table A5-3 - Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in TAF ................................... 90 Table A5-4 - Template for GAMET............................................................................................................. 90 Example A5-1 - TAF .................................................................................................................................. 94 Example A5-2 - Cancellation of TAF ......................................................................................................... 94 Example A5-3 - GAMET area forecast ..................................................................................................... 94 APPENDIX 6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO SIGMET AND AIRMET INFORMATION, AERODROME WARNINGS AND WIND SHEAR WARNINGS AND ALERTS........................................ 101 1. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO SIGMET INFORMATION........................................................ 101 1.1 Format of SIGMET messages ..................................................................................................... 101 1.2 Dissemination of SIGMET messages .......................................................................................... 102 2. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO AIRMET INFORMATION........................................................ 102 2.1 Format of AIRMET messages ..................................................................................................... 102 2.2 Dissemination of AIRMET messages .......................................................................................... 103 3. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS ...................................................... 103 4. DETAILED CRITERIA RELATED TO SIGMET AND AIRMET MESSAGES AND SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS (UPLINK) ................................................................................... 103 4.1 Identification of the flight information region ................................................................................ 103 4.2 Criteria related to phenomena included in SIGMET and AIRMET messages and special air-reports (uplink)................................................................................... 103 5. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO AERODROME WARNINGS ................................................... 104 5.1 Format and dissemination of aerodrome warnings...................................................................... 104 5.2 Quantitative criteria for aerodrome warnings............................................................................... 104 6. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO WIND SHEAR WARNINGS.................................................... 104 6.1 Detection of wind shear ............................................................................................................... 104 6.2 Format and dissemination of wind shear warnings and alerts..................................................... 104
Printed by: KFR1980
EH-IV
19 DEC 08
Table A6-1 - Template for SIGMET and AIRMET messages and special air-reports (uplink) ................. 105 Table A6-2 - Template for aerodrome warnings....................................................................................... 110 Table A6-3 - Template for wind shear warnings....................................................................................... 111 Table A6-4 - Ranges and resolutions for numerical elements included in volcanic ash and tropical cyclone advisory messages, SIGMET/AIRMET messages and aerodrome and wind shear warnings ................................................................................................................... 112 Example A6-1 - SIGMET and AIRMET message and the corresponding cancellations ......................... 113 Example A6-2 - SIGMET message for tropical cyclone .......................................................................... 113 Example A6-3 - SIGMET message for volcanic ash ............................................................................... 113 Example A6-4 - SIGMET message for severe turbulence....................................................................... 113 Example A6-5 - AIRMET message for moderate mountain wave ........................................................... 113 DECODE OF EIGHT FIGURE GROUP APPENDED TO MOTNE/OPMET BROADCASTS .................. 201 AERODROME PAVEMENT CONDITION REPORTS THROUGH SNOWTAM/MOTNE ......................... 205 AERODROME WEATHER REPORT - METAR AND SPECI DECODE ................................................. 211 AERODROME WEATHER FORECAST - TAF DECODE ........................................................................ 221 METEOROLOGICAL DATA - AFRICA Availability of Met Broadcast - Africa ........................................................................................................A-5 Met Broadcast in RTF and RTG - Africa.................................................................................................A-11 Communication Pilot to Meteorologist ....................................................................................................A-19 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) - Africa ........................................................................A-21 Telephone/Fax Numbers and Hours of Operation of Met Stations - Africa.............................................A-51 METEOROLOGICAL DATA - ATLANTIC Availability of Met Broadcast - Atlantic ....................................................................................................AT-3 Met Broadcast in Plain Language - Atlantic ............................................................................................AT-7 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) - Atlantic......................................................................AT-21 Automated and Centralized Meteorological Service - Atlantic ..............................................................AT-41 Telephone/Fax Numbers and Hours of Operation of Met Stations - Atlantic .........................................AT-51 METEOROLOGICAL DATA - CHINA National Differences to International Forms - China ............................................................................. CH-1 Availability of Met Broadcast - China..................................................................................................... CH-3 Met Broadcast in Plain Language - China............................................................................................. CH-4 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) - China ...................................................................... CH-21 Telephone/Fax Numbers and Hours of Operation of Met Stations - China ......................................... CH-51 METEOROLOGICAL DATA - EUROPE National Differences to International Forms - Europe ..............................................................................E-1 Availability of Met Broadcast - Europe......................................................................................................E-5 Met Broadcast in Plain Language - Europe............................................................................................E-11 Communication Pilot to Meteorologist ....................................................................................................E-19 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) - Europe .......................................................................E-21 Automated and Centralized Meteorological Service - Europe................................................................E-41 Telephone/Fax Numbers and Hours of Operation of Met Stations - Europe ..........................................E-51 METEOROLOGICAL DATA - EASTERN EUROPE National Differences to International Forms - Eastern Europe.............................................................. EE-1 Availability of Met Broadcasts - Eastern Europe ................................................................................... EE-5 Met Broadcasts in Plain Language - Eastern Europe ......................................................................... EE-11 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) - Eastern Europe....................................................... EE-21 Automated and Centralized Meteorological Services - Eastern Europe ............................................. EE-41 Telephone/Fax Numbers and Hours of Operations of Met Stations - Eastern Europe ........................ EE-51 METEOROLOGICAL DATA - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA Availability of Met Broadcast - Middle East/South Asia .........................................................................ME-3 Met Broadcast in Plain Language - MIddle East/South Asia.................................................................ME-5 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) - Middle East/South Asia ..........................................ME-21 Automated and Centralized Meteorological Service - Middle-East/South Asia ...................................ME-41 Telephone/Fax Numbers and Hours of Operation of Met Stations - Middle East/South Asia..............ME-51
Printed by: KFR1980
10 AUG 07
WH-I
Below is a complete list of the standard contents of Airway Manual. Limited or special coverages may not contain all items, but that material which is included should be arranged in the order outlined. TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . WH-I METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION ANNEX 3
CHAPTER 1 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Terms Used With a Limited Meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 CHAPTER 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Objective, Determination and Provision of Meteorological Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Supply, Quality Assurance and Use of Meteorological Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Notifications Required from Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 3 WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM AND METEOROLOGICAL OFFICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Objectives of the World Area Forecast System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 World Area Forecast Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Meteorological Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Meteorological Watch Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 State Volcano Observatories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 4 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Aeronautical Meteorological Stations and Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Agreement between Air Traffic Services Authorities and Meteorological Authorities. . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Routine Observations and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Special Observations and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 Contents of Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Observing and Reporting Meteorological Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Reporting of Information from Automatic Observing Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 Observation and Reports of Volcanic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 5 AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Obligations of States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Types of Aircraft Observations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Routine Aircraft Observations - Designation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Routine Aircraft Observations - Exemptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Special Aircraft Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Other Non-Routine Aircraft Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Reporting of Aircraft Observations During Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 Relay of Air-Reports by ATS Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 Recording and Post-Flight Reporting of Aircraft Observations of Volcanic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 6 FORECASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Interpretation and Use of Forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Aerodrome Forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Landing Forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Forecasts for Take-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Area and Route Forecasts, Other Than Forecasts Issued within the Framework of the World Area Forecast System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Area Forecasts for Low-Level Flights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9
10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12
JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 2006, 2007. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. .
Printed by: KFR1980
WH-II
10 AUG 07
CHAPTER 7 SIGMET AND AIRMET INFORMATION, AERODROME WARNINGS AND WIND SHEAR WARNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 SIGMET Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 AIRMET Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Aerodrome Warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Wind Shear Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 8 AERONAUTICAL CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 Aerodrome Climatological Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Aerodrome Climatological Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Copies of Meteorological Observational Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 9 SERVICE FOR OPERATORS AND FLIGHT CREW MEMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 General Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Information for Operators for Pre-Flight Planning and for In-Flight Re-Planning Under Centralized Operational Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 Briefing, Consultation and Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 Flight Documentation General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 Automated Pre-Flight Information Systems for Briefing, Consultation, Flight Planning and Flight Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 Information for Aircraft in Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 10 INFORMATION FOR AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES, SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICES AND AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1 Information for Air Traffic Services Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 Information for Search and Rescue Services Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.3 Information for Aeronautical Information Services Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CHAPTER 11 REQUIREMENTS FOR AND USE OF COMMUNICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Requirements for Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Use of Aeronautical Fixed Service Communications Meteorological Bulletins in Alphanumeric Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Use of Aeronautical Fixed Service Communications World Area Forecast System Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Use of Aeronautical Mobile Service Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 Use of Aeronautical Data Link Service Contents of D-VOLMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 Use of Aeronautical Broadcast Service Contents of VOLMET Broadcasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX 1 FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION MODEL CHARTS AND FORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL A Aerodrome Forecasts Example 1 Tabular Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL A Aerodrome Forecasts Example 2 TAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL TA Tabular Forecast of Enroute Conditions Example 1 Low Level. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL TA Tabular Forecast of Enroute Conditions Example 2 Medium Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL TB Tabular Forecast of Upper Winds and Upper Air Temperatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL IS Upper Wind and Temperature Chart for Isobaric Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL IS Upper Wind and Temperature Chart for Standard Isobaric Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL SWH Significant Weather Chart (High Level) Example Mercator Projection . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL SWH Significant Weather Chart (High Level) Polar Stereographic Projection . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL SWM Significant Weather Chart (Medium Level). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL SWL Significant Weather Chart (Low Level) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MODEL VAG Volcanic Ash Advisory Information in Graphic Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX 1 MODEL SN NOTATIONS USED IN FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Symbols for Significant Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Fronts and Convergence Zones and Other Symbols Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Abbreviations Used to Describe Clouds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Depicting of Lines and Systems on Specific Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12 12 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 31 32 34 35 35 36 37 37
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24 FEB 06
WH-III
APPENDIX 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM AND METEOROLOGICAL OFFICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A2-1 Template for advisory message for volcanic ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A2-1 Advisory message for volcanic ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A2-2 Template for advisory message for tropical cyclones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A2-2 Advisory message for tropical cyclones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A3-1 Template for local routine (MET REPORT) and local (SPECIAL) reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A3-2 Template for METAR and SPECI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A3-3 Use of change indicators in trend forecast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A3-4 Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in local forecasts . . . . . . . . . Table A3-5 Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in METAR and SPECI . . . . . Example A3-1 Routine report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A3-2 Special report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A3-3 Volcanic activity report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39 39 43 44 46 47 47 51 54 54 55 56 56 56
APPENDIX 4. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 1 CONTENTS OF AIR-REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Routine air-reports by air-ground data link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Special air-reports by air-ground data link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Routine air-reports by voice communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Special air-reports by voice communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CRITERIA FOR REPORTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Wind direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Wind speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Wind quality flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A4-1 Turbulence index to be reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A4-2 Time of occurrence of the peak value to be reported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A4-3 Template for the special air-report (downlink) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A4-4 Ranges and resolutions for the meteorological elements included in air-reports . . . . . . . . 57 57 58 58 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 60 62
APPENDIX 5. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO FORECASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 1 CRITERIA RELATED TO TAF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 TAF format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Inclusion of meteorological elements in TAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Use of change groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Use of probability groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Numbers of change and probability groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 Dissemination of TAF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CRITERIA RELATED TO TREND FORECASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Format of trend forecasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Inclusion of meteorological elements in trend forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Use of change indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Use of the probability indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 63 63 64 65 66 66 66 66 66 67 68
CRITERIA RELATED TO FORECASTS FOR TAKEOFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.1 Format of forecasts for takeoff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 3.2 Amendments to forecasts for take-off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 CRITERIA RELATED TO AREA AND ROUTE FORECASTS, OTHER THAN FORECASTS ISSUED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
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Printed by: KFR1980
WH-IV
24 FEB 06
4.1 4.2 5
Format of area and route forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Amendments to area and route forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 69 69 69 70 71 75 75 76 76 77
CRITERIA RELATED TO AREA FORECASTS FOR LOW-LEVEL FLIGHTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Format and content of GAMET area forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Amendments to GAMET area forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Exchange of area forecasts for low-level flights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A5-1 Template for TAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A5-2 Use of change and time indicators in TAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A5-3 Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in TAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A5-1 TAF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A5-2 Cancellation of TAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A5-3 GAMET area forecast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX 6. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO SIGMET AND AIRMET INFORMATION, AERODROME WARNINGS AND WIND SHEAR WARNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 1 SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO SIGMET INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 1.1 Format of SIGMET messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 1.2 Dissemination of SIGMET messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO AIRMET INFORMATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 2.1 Format of AIRMET messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 2.2 Dissemination of AIRMET messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 DETAILED CRITERIA RELATED TO SIGMET AND AIRMET MESSAGES AND SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS (UPLINK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4.1 Identification of the flight information region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 4.2 Criteria related to phenomena included in SIGMET and AIRMET messages and special air-report (uplink). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO AERODROME WARNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.1 Format and dissemination of aerodrome warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 5.2 Quantitative criteria for aerodrome warnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO WIND SHEAR WARNINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Detection of wind shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Format and dissemination of wind shear warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A6-1 Template for SIGMET and AIRMET messages and special air-reports (uplink) . . . . . . . . . Table A6-2 Template for aerodrome warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A6-3 Template for wind shear warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table A6-4 Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in volcanic ash and tropical cyclone advisory messages, SIGMET/AIRMET messages and aerodrome and wind shear warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A6-1 SIGMET and AIRMET message and the corresponding cancellations . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A6-2 SIGMET message for tropical cyclone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A6-3 SIGMET message for volcanic ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A6-4 SIGMET message for severe turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Example A6-5 AIRMET message for moderate mountain wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 84 84 85 91 92
3 4
93 93 94 94 94 95
DECODE OF EIGHT FIGURE GROUP APPENDED TO MOTNE/OPMET BROADCASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 REPORTS ON AERODROME PAVEMENT CONDITIONS VIA MOTNE METEOROLOGICAL OPERATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK - EUROPE (MOTNE) BROADCAST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
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WH-V
METEOROLOGICAL DATA ALASKA Flight Service Stations and National Weather Service Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AK-1 Services and Telephone Numbers Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AK-3 METEOROLOGICAL DATA AUSTRALASIA Services and Telephone Numbers Australasia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AS-1 Availability of VOLMET Broadcasts Australasia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AS-5 METEOROLOGICAL DATA AUSTRALIA
DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1 2 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-1 ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-1
METEOROLOGY SERVICES 1 2 3 METEOROLOGICAL AUTHORITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5 AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5 3.4 ATS Meteorological Information Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5 METEOROLOGICAL BRIEFING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5 AVAILABILITY OF METEOROLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-5 NOTIFICATION REQUIRED FROM OPERATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 International Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Domestic Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Forecasts for Flights Valid Area Forecasts Not Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-6 AU-6 AU-6 AU-6
4 5 6
AVIATION FORECASTS 1 2 3 AREA FORECAST (ARFOR) BOUNDARIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11 AREA FORECASTS FOR OPERATIONS AT OR BELOW FL 200. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-11 FORECASTS FOR OPERATIONS ABOVE A100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Significant Weather Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Significant Weather Charts Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Example Significant Weather Prognosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Wind and Temperature Charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Grid Point Forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8 Route Sector Winds and Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-12 AU-12 AU-12 AU-12 AU-13 AU-14 AU-14 AU-16 AU-17
AERODROME FORECASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-19 4.3 Aerodromes and Categories for which TAF will be Available. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-19 TREND-TYPE FORECAST (TTF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-22 PROVISIONAL FORECASTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-22 SIGNIFICANT FORECAST ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-22
5 6 7
JEPPESEN 2006, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. .
Printed by: KFR1980
WH-VI
28 NOV 08
8 9
CLOUD HEIGHT DATUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23 FORECAST AMENDMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23
10 WIND SHEAR WARNING SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23 10.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23 10.2 Wind Shear Pilot Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23 11 AERODROME WEATHER AND FORECAST DECODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Origination Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Validity Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 Wind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.7 Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.8 Automatic Visibility Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.9 Runway Visual Range (RVR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.10 Present Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.11 Automatic Present Weather Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.12 Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.13 CAVOK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.14 Automatic Weather Stations with Cloud Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.15 Significant Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.16 Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.17 QNH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.18 Supplementary Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.19 Remarks Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.20 Elements Not Available . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.21 Trend Type Forecast (TTF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.22 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1 Weather Code and Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . METEOROLOGY REPORTS AND ADVISORIES 1 METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Aerodrome Weather Reports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Approved Observers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Observing Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Aircraft Weather Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . METEOROLOGICAL ADVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 SIGMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 SIGMET Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 AIRMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Volcanic Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-31 AU-31 AU-31 AU-31 AU-32 AU-32 AU-32 AU-33 AU-34 AU-35 AU-23 AU-23 AU-23 AU-24 AU-24 AU-24 AU-24 AU-24 AU-24 AU-24 AU-25 AU-25 AU-25 AU-25 AU-26 AU-26 AU-26 AU-26 AU-26 AU-26 AU-26 AU-26 AU-27 AU-27
HAZARDOUS WEATHER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-35 3.1 Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-35 3.2 Pilot Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-36 AUTOMATIC METEOROLOGICAL BROADCASTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 Automatic Enroute Information Service (AERIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 VOLMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 Aerodrome Weather Information Service (AWIS) and Weather and Terminal Information Reciter (WATIR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Hazard Alerts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-36 AU-36 AU-37 AU-37 AU-38
JEPPESEN 2006, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Printed by: KFR1980
28 NOV 08
WH-VII
POSITION REPORTS AIREPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 AIREPs Section 3 Required from Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 AIREP Special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 Short AIREP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 AIREP Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VOLCANIC ACTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Special Air Reports Containing Information on Volcanic Activity (ICAO Model VAR) . . . . . . 6.2 Airways Clearances Volcanic Ash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 ICAO Model VAR Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AU-38 AU-38 AU-38 AU-38 AU-38 AU-40 AU-40 AU-41 AU-42
AUTOMATED BRIEFING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-53 1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-53 1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-53 1.2 Help Desk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-53 DECTALK / AVFAX SINGLE LOCATION CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-53 DECTALK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 System Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 How to use Dectalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 DECTALK TTF Selection Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 DECTALK Group Selection Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AVFAX 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 ........................................................................ General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . System Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-59 AU-59 AU-59 AU-60 AU-60 AU-61 AU-61 AU-61 AU-62 AU-63 AU-64 AU-64 AU-64 AU-64 AU-64 AU-64 AU-64 AU-65 AU-65 AU-65 AU-65 AU-65 AU-65
2 3
AVFAX NOTAM AND SIGMET PRODUCT CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 FIR NOTAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.3 FIR NOTAM Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.4 Head Office NOTAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 Prohibited / Restricted / Danger (PRD) Area NOTAM Single Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 Military Airspace Group NOTAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.7 Low Jet Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 GPS NOTAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.9 GPS RAIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.10 First and Last Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.11 Domestic SIGMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.12 International SIGMET and Volcanic Ash Advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 7
AVFAX GROUP PRODUCT CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-65 METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.1 Special Information Requests for ROFORS/SIGWX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2 Satellite Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Mean Sea Level Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 Significant Weather Prognosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS DOMESTIC PRODUCT CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 Upper Chart Analysis (Wind Strength and Distribution) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.2 Prognosis (Forecast) Upper Chart (Wind Strength and Distribution). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 Forecast Route Sector Winds and Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.4 Grid Point Wind and Temperatures Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-72 AU-72 AU-72 AU-72 AU-72 AU-72 AU-72 AU-72 AU-72 AU-72
METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT CODES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-73 9.1 Wind and Temperature Charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-73
Printed by: KFR1980
WH-VIII
28 NOV 08
10 INTERNATIONAL TAF BULLETINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-73 11 INTERNATIONAL AREA FORECAST BULLETINS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-76 11.1 AVFAX Code and Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-76 12 ROUTINE ROUTE FORECASTS (ROFOR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-76 12.1 Routine Route Forecasts Domestic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-76 12.2 Routine Route Forecasts International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-76 METEOROLOGICAL DATA CANADA
SECTION 1: GENERAL INFORMATION 1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 1-1 1.2 Meteorological Observation and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 1-3 1.3 Meteorological Forecasts and Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 1-4 1.4 VOLMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 1-6 SECTION 2: PILOT REPORTS 2.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-1 2.2 Clear Air Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-1 2.3 Wind Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-1 2.4 Airframe Icing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-1 2.5 Volcanic Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-1 2.6 Pilot Estimation of Surface Wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 2-2 SECTION 3: APPENDICES 3.1 Location of Canadian Weather Offices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-1 3.2 Canadian Weather Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-1 3.3 Graphic Area Forecast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-2 3.4 AIRMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-8 3.5 Meteorological Reference Points Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-10 3.6 Abbreviations Aviation Forecasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-12 3.7 Turbulence Reporting Criteria Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-14 3.8 Aerodrome Forecast Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-15 3.9 Aerodrome Forecasts TAF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-15 3.10 Canadian Forecast Winds and Temperatures Aloft Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-19 3.11 Upper Level Wind and Temperature Forecasts (FD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-20 3.12 Upper Level Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-20 3.13 Significant Weather Prognostic High Level Charts (SIGWX HI LVL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-21 3.14 Significant Weather Prognostic Charts CMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-23 3.15 Aviation Routine Weather Report METAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-25 3.16 EC/DND Weather Radar Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-35 3.17 PIREP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-36 3.18 SIGMET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-36 3.19 Surface Weather Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-37 3.20 Upper Level Charts ANAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-38 3.21 Volcanic Ash Prognostic Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CA 3-38 SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS CANADA
LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CA-101 WEATHER SERVICE LEVELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CA-102 SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS BY PROVINCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CA-103 (Listed Alphabetically by Location)
Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGICAL DATA FAR EAST
5 OCT 07
WH-IX
SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS FAR EAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FE-1 AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS FAR EAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FE-7 METEOROLOGICAL DATA HAWAII SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS HAWAII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HW-1 AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS HAWAII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HW-3 VOLMET BROADCAST IN PLAIN LANGUAGE HAWAII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HW-5 METEOROLOGICAL DATA LATIN AMERICA
SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS LATIN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LA-1 VOLMET BROADCAST IN PLAIN LANGUAGE LATIN AMERICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LA-7 MEXICO DOMESTIC WEATHER REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LA-11 METEOROLOGICAL DATA MEXICO SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS MEXICO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MX-1 METEOROLOGICAL DATA PACIFIC BASIN SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS PACIFIC BASIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PB-1 AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS PACIFIC BASIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PB-7 LOCATIONS OF MET BROADCAST STATIONS PACIFIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PB-13 METEOROLOGICAL DATA SOUTH AMERICA SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS SOUTH AMERICA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA-1 AVAILABILITY OF VOLMET BROADCASTS SOUTH AMERICA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA-3 VOLMET BROADCAST IN PLAIN LANGUAGE SOUTH AMERICA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SA-5 METEOROLOGICAL DATA UNITED STATES SECTION 1. METEOROLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-1 7-1-1 National Weather Service Aviation Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-1 7-1-2 FAA Weather Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-1 Jeppesen Weather Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-3 7-1-3 Use of Aviation Weather Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-3 7-1-4 Preflight Briefing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-5 7-1-5 En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-7 7-1-6 Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-7 7-1-7 Categorical Outlooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-17 7-1-8 Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-17 7-1-9 Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB) (Alaska only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-18
JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 2006, 2007. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. .
Printed by: KFR1980
WH-X
5 OCT 07
Inflight Weather Broadcasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flight Information Services (FIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weather Observing Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weather Radar Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ATC Inflight Weather Avoidance Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Runway Visual Range (RVR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reporting of Cloud Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reporting Prevailing Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Estimating Intensity of Rain and Ice Pellets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Estimating Intensity of Snow or Drizzle (Based on Visibility) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions of Inflight Icing Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PIREPs Relating to Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wind Shear PIREPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) PIREPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Microbursts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PIREPs Relating to Volcanic Ash Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thunderstorms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thunderstorm Flying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Key to Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) and Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1-31 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Weather Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7-1-10 7-1-11 7-1-12 7-1-13 7-1-14 7-1-15 7-1-16 7-1-17 7-1-18 7-1-19 7-1-20 7-1-21 7-1-22 7-1-23 7-1-24 7-1-25 7-1-26 7-1-27 7-1-28 7-1-29 7-1-30
US-18 US-19 US-21 US-28 US-31 US-33 US-34 US-34 US-34 US-35 US-35 US-36 US-37 US-38 US-40 US-40 US-40 US-48 US-48 US-49 US-50 US-52
CONTINUOUS AUTOMATIC TRANSCRIBED WEATHER BROADCAST SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-91 SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS AND NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-101 SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS UNITED STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-103 SAFETY OF FLIGHT
SECTION 1. METEOROLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-1 7-1-1 National Weather Service Aviation Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-1 7-1-2 FAA Weather Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-1 Jeppesen Weather Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-3 7-1-3 Use of Aviation Weather Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-3 7-1-4 Preflight Briefing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-4 7-1-5 En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-6 7-1-6 Inflight Weather Advisories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-7 7-1-7 Categorical Outlooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-16 7-1-8 Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-16 7-1-9 Transcribed Weather Broadcast (TWEB) (Alaska only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-17 7-1-10 Inflight Weather Broadcasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-17 7-1-11 Flight Information Services (FIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-18 7-1-12 Weather Observing Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-20 7-1-13 Weather Radar Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-27 7-1-14 National Convective Weather Forecast (NCWF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-30 7-1-15 ATC Inflight Weather Avoidance Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-33 7-1-16 Runway Visual Range (RVR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-35 7-1-17 Reporting of Cloud Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-36 7-1-18 Reporting Prevailing Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-36 7-1-19 Estimating Intensity of Rain and Ice Pellets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-37 7-1-20 Estimating Intensity of Snow or Drizzle (Based on Visibility) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-37 7-1-21 Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-37 7-1-22 PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-38 7-1-23 Definitions of Inflight Icing Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-39 7-1-24 PIREPs Relating to Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-41
Printed by: KFR1980
22 AUG 08
WH-XI
PIREPs Relating to Turbulence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-41 Wind Shear PIREPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-42 Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) PIREPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-43 Microbursts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-43 PIREPs Relating to Volcanic Ash Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-50 Thunderstorms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-50 Thunderstorm Flying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-51 Key to Aviation Weather Reports (METAR) and Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-52 7-1-32 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Weather Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-1-53 SECTION 2. ALTIMETER SETTING PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-2-1 7-2-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-2-1 7-2-2 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-2-1 7-2-3 Altimeter Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-2-2 7-2-4 High Barometric Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-2-3 7-2-5 Low Barometric Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-2-3 SECTION 3. WAKE TURBULENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-1 7-3-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-1 7-3-2 Vortex Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-1 7-3-3 Vortex Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-1 7-3-4 Vortex Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-2 7-3-5 Operations Problem Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-3 7-3-6 Vortex Avoidance Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-3 7-3-7 Helicopters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-4 7-3-8 Pilot Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-4 7-3-9 Air Traffic Wake Turbulence Separations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-3-5 SECTION 4. BIRD HAZARDS, AND FLIGHT OVER NATIONAL REFUGES, PARKS AND FORESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-4-1 7-4-1 Migratory Bird Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-4-1 7-4-2 Reducing Bird Strike Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-4-1 7-4-3 Reporting Bird Strikes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-4-1 7-4-4 Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-4-1 7-4-5 Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife Hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-4-1 7-4-6 Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas . . . . . . . . . US 7-4-1 SECTION 5. POTENTIAL FLIGHT HAZARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-1 7-5-1 Accident Cause Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-1 7-5-2 VFR in Congested Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-1 7-5-3 Obstructions to Flight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-1 7-5-4 Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned Balloons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-2 7-5-5 Unmanned Aircraft Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-2 7-5-6 Mountain Flying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-2 7-5-7 Use of Runway Half-way Signs at Unimproved Airports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-4 7-5-8 Seaplane Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-5 7-5-9 Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-6 7-5-10 Emergency Airborne Inspection of Other Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-7 7-5-11 Precipitation Static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-7 7-5-12 Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) Operations and Reporting Illumination of Aircraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-8 7-5-13 Flying in Flat Light and White Out Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-8 7-5-14 Operations in Ground Icing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-5-10 SECTION 6. SAFETY, ACCIDENT AND HAZARD REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-6-1 7-6-1 Aviation Safety Reporting Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-6-1 7-6-2 Aircraft Accident and Incident Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-6-1 7-6-3 Near Midair Collision Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US 7-6-2 7-6-4 Unidentified Flying Object (UFO) Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-7-6-2 CONTINUOUS AUTOMATIC TRANSCRIBED WEATHER BROADCAST SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-91
7-1-24 7-1-25 7-1-26 7-1-27 7-1-28 7-1-29 7-1-30 7-1-31
Printed by: KFR1980
WH-XII
22 AUG 08
SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS AND NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-101 SERVICES AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS UNITED STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . US-103 METEOROLOGICAL DATA JAPAN
AERONAUTICAL ENROUTE INFORMATION SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Japan-1
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METEOROLOGY
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3

In this part of the METEOROLOGY section, selected Chapters and paragraphs have been extracted from ICAO Annex 3 Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation. Chapter and paragraph numbers reflect those contained in the Annex.
CHAPTER 1 DEFINITIONS
1.1 DEFINITIONS
When the following terms are used in the Standards and Recommended Practices for Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation, they have the following meanings: AERODROME CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY Concise summary of specified meteorological elements at an aerodrome, based on statistical data. AERODROME CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE Table providing statistical data on the observed occurrence of one or more meteorological elements at an aerodrome. AERODROME METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE An office, located at an aerodrome, designated to provide meteorological service for international air navigation. AERONAUTICAL FIXED TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (AFTN) A world-wide system of aeronautical fixed circuits provided, as part of the aeronautical fixed service, for the exchange of messages and/or digital data between aeronautical fixed stations having the same or compatible communications characteristics. STAAERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGICAL TION A station designated to make observations and meteorological reports for use in international air navigation. AIRCRAFT OBSERVATION The evaluation of one or more meteorological elements made from an aircraft in flight. AIRMET INFORMATION Information issued by a meteorological watch office concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of low-level aircraft operations and which was not already included in the forecast issued for low-level flights in the flight information region concerned or sub-area thereof. AIR-REPORT A report from an aircraft in flight prepared in conformity with requirements for position, and operational and/or meteorological reporting. NOTE: Details of the AIREP form are given in PANSATM (Doc 4444). AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT SURVEILLANCE (ADS) A surveillance technique in which aircraft automatically provide, via a data link, data derived from on-board navigation and position-fixing systems, including aircraft identification, four-dimensional position and additional data as appropriate. BRIEFING Oral commentary on existing and/or expected meteorological conditions. CLOUD OF OPERATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE A cloud with the height of cloud base below 1500m (5000ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, or a cumulonimbus cloud or a towering cumulus cloud at any height.
CONSULTATION Discussion with a meteorologist or another qualified person of existing and/or expected meteorological conditions relating to flight operations; a discussion includes answers to questions. EXTENDED RANGE OPERATION Any flight by an aeroplane with two turbine power-units where the flight time at the one power-unit inoperative cruise speed (in ISA and still air conditions), from a point on the route to an adequate alternate aerodrome, is greater than the threshold time approved by the State of the Operator. FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION Written or printed documents, including charts or forms, containing meteorological information for a flight. FORECAST A statement of expected meteorological conditions for a specified time or period, and for a specified area or portion of airspace. GAMET AREA FORECAST An area forecast in abbreviated plain language for low-level flights for a flight information region or sub-area thereof, prepared by the meteorological office designated by the meteorological authority concerned and exchanged with meteorological offices in adjacent flight information regions, as agreed between the meteorological authorities concerned. GRID POINT DATA IN DIGITAL FORM Computer processed meteorological data for a set of regularly spaced points on a chart, for transmission from a meteorological computer to another computer in a code form suitable for automated use. NOTE: In most cases such data are transmitted on medium or high speed telecommunications channels. HUMAN FACTORS PRINCIPLES Principles which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration to human performance. INTERNATIONAL AIRWAYS VOLCANO WATCH (IAVW) International arrangements for monitoring and providing warnings to aircraft of volcanic ash in the atmosphere. NOTE: The IAVW is based on the co-operation of aviation and non-aviation operational units using information derived from observing sources and networks that are provided by States. The watch is coordinated by ICAO with the co-operation of other concerned international organizations. METEOROLOGICAL AUTHORITY The authority providing or arranging for the provision of meteorological service for international air navigation on behalf of a Contracting State. METEOROLOGICAL BULLETIN A text comprising meteorological information preceded by an appropriate heading. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION Meteorological report, analysis, forecast and any other statement relating to existing or expected meteorological conditions.
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METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE An office designated to provide meteorological service for international air navigation. METEOROLOGICAL REPORT A statement of observed meteorological conditions related to a specified time and location. METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE An artificial Earth satellite making meteorological observations and transmitting these observations to Earth. OBSERVATION (Meteorological) The evaluation of one or more meteorological elements. PREVAILING VISIBILITY The greatest visibility value, observed in accordance with the definition visibility, which is reached within at least half the horizon circle or within at least half of the surface of the aerodrome. These areas could comprise contiguous or non-contiguous sectors. NOTE: This value may be assessed by human observation and/or instrumented systems. When instruments are installed, they are used to obtain the best estimate of the prevailing visibility. PROGNOSTIC CHART A forecast of a specified meteorological element(s) for a specified time or period and a specified surface or portion of airspace, depicted graphically on a chart. REGIONAL AIR NAVIGATION AGREEMENT Agreement approved by the Council of ICAO normally on the advice of a regional air navigation meeting. RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centre line of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centre line. SIGMET INFORMATION Information issued by a meteorological watch office concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence of specified en route weather phenomena which may affect the safety of aircraft operations. STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACE An isobaric surface used on a world-wide basis for representing and analyzing the conditions in the atmosphere. TROPICAL CYCLONE Generic term for a non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone originating over tropical or sub-tropical waters with organized convection and definite cyclonic surface wind circulation. TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY CENTRE (TCAC) A meteorological centre designated by regional air navigation agreement to provide advisory information to meteorological watch offices, world area forecast centres and international OPMET databanks regarding the position, forecast direction and speed of movement, central pressure and maximum surface wind of tropical cyclones. UPPER-AIR CHART A meteorological chart relating to a specified upper-air surface or layer of the atmosphere. VISIBILITY Visibility for aeronautical purposes is the greater of: a. the greatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions, situated near the ground, can be seen and recognized when observed against a bright background;
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b. the greatest distance at which lights in the vicinity of 1,000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit background. NOTE: The two distances have different values in air of a given extinction coefficient, and the latter b. varies with the background illumination. The former a. is represented by the meteorological optical range (MOR). VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY CENTRE (VAAC) A meteorological centre designated by regional air navigation agreement to provide advisory information to meteorological watch offices, area control centres, flight information centres, world area forecast centres, relevant regional area forecast centres and international OPMET data banks regarding the lateral and vertical extent and forecast movement of volcanic ash in the atmosphere following volcanic eruptions. VOLMET BROADCAST Provision of current aerodrome meteorological reports (METAR) and special meteorological reports (SPECI), aerodrome forecasts (TAF), SIGMET by means of continuous and repetitive voice broadcasts for aircraft in flight. VOLMET DATA LINK SERVICE (D-VOLMET) Provision of current METAR, SPECI, TAF, SIGMET, special air-reports not covered by SIGMET and, where available, AIRMET via data link. WORLD AREA FORECAST CENTRE (WAFC) A meteorological centre designated to prepare and issue significant weather forecasts and upper-air forecasts in digital and/or pictorial form on a global basis direct States by appropriate means as part of the aeronautical fixed service. WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM (WAFS) A world-wide system by which world area forecast centres provide aeronautical meteorological en-route forecasts in uniform standardized formats.
1.2
TERMS USED WITH A LIMITED MEANING
For the purpose of Annex 3, the following terms are used with a limited meaning as indicated below: a. to avoid confusion in respect of the term service between the meteorological service considered as an administrative entity and the service which is provided, meteorological authority is used for the former and service for the latter; b. provide is used solely in connection with the provision of service; c. issue is used solely in connection with cases where the obligation specifically extends to sending out the information to a user; d. make available is used solely in connection with cases where the obligation ends with making the information accessible to a user; and e. supply is used solely in connection with cases where either c. or d. applies.
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METEOROLOGY
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CHAPTER 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1 OBJECTIVE, DETERMINATION AND PROVISION OF METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE
2.1.1 The objective of meteorological service for international air navigation shall be to contribute towards the safety, regularity and efficiency of international air navigation. 2.1.2 This objective shall be achieved by supplying the following users: operators, flight crew members, air traffic services units, search and rescue services units, airport managements and others concerned with the conduct or development of international air navigation, with the meteorological information necessary for the performance of their respective functions. 2.1.3 Each Contracting State shall determine the meteorological service which it will provide to meet the needs of international air navigation. This determination shall be made in accordance with the provisions of this Annex and with due regard to regional air navigation agreements; it shall include the determination of the meteorological service to be provided for international air navigation over international waters and other areas which lie outside the territory of the State concerned. 2.1.4 Each Contracting State shall designate the authority, hereinafter referred to as the meteorological authority, to provide or to arrange for the provision of meteorological service for international air navigation on its behalf. Details of the meteorological authority so designated shall be included in the State aeronautical information publication, in accordance with Annex 15, Appendix 1, GEN 1.1 (not published herein). 2.1.5 Each Contracting State shall ensure that the designated meteorological authority complies with the requirements of the World Meteorological Organization in respect of qualifications and training of meteorological personnel providing services for international air navigation.
2.2
SUPPLY, QUALITY ASSURANCE AND USE OF METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION
2.2.1 Close liaison shall be maintained between those concerned with the supply and those concerned with the use of meteorological information on matters which affect the provision of meteorological service for international air navigation. 2.2.2 Recommendation In order to meet the objective of meteorological service for international air navigation, the Contracting State should ensure that the designated meteorological authority referred to in 2.1.4 establishes and implements a properly organized quality system comprising procedures, processes and resources necessary to provide for the quality management of the meteorological information to be supplied to users listed in 2.1.2.
2.2.3 Recommendation The quality system established in accordance with 2.2.2 should be in conformity with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 series of quality assurance standards, and certified by an approved organization. NOTE: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 series of quality assurance standards provide a basic framework for the development of a quality assurance programme. The details of a successful programme are to be formulated by each State and in most cases are unique to the State organization. 2.2.4 Recommendation The quality system should provide the users with assurance that the meteorological information supplied complies with the stated requirements in terms of the geographical and spatial coverage, format and content, time and frequency of issuance and period of validity, as well as the accuracy of measurements, observations and forecasts. Where the quality system indicates that the meteorological information to be supplied to the users does not comply with the stated requirements, and automatic error correction procedures are not appropriate, such information should not be supplied to the users unless it is validated with the originator. NOTE 1: Requirements concerning the geographical and spatial coverage, format and content, time and frequency of issuance and period of validity of meteorological information to be supplied to aeronautical users are given in Chapters 3, 4, 6 to 10 and Appendices 2, 3, 5 to 9 of Annex 3 and the relevant regional air navigation plans. Guidance concerning the accuracy of measurement and observation, and accuracy of forecasts is given in Attachments A and B respectively to Annex 3. 2.2.5 Recommendation In regard to the exchange of meteorological information for operational purposes, the quality system should include verification and validation procedures and resources for monitoring adherence to the prescribed transmission schedules for individual messages and/or bulletins required to be exchanged, and at the times of their filing for transmission. The quality system should be capable of detecting excessive transit times of messages and bulletins received. NOTE: Requirements concerning the exchange of operational meteorological information are given in Chapter 11 and Appendix 10 of Annex 3. 2.2.6 Recommendation Demonstration of compliance of the quality system applied should be by audit. If non-conformity of the system is identified, action should be initiated to determine and correct the cause. All audit observations should be evidenced and properly documented. 2.2.7 The meteorological information supplied to the users listed in 2.1.2 shall be consistent with Human Factors principles and shall be in forms which require a minimum of interpretation by users, as specified in the following chapters. NOTE: Guidance material on the application of Human Factors principles can be found in the Human Factors Training Manual (DOC 9683).
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3 2.3 NOTIFICATIONS REQUIRED FROM OPERATORS 3.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM
2.3.1 An operator requiring meteorological service or changes in existing meteorological service shall notify, sufficiently in advance, the meteorological authority or the meteorological office(s) concerned. The minimum amount of advance notice required shall be as agreed between the meteorological authority or meteorological office(s) and the operator. 2.3.2 The meteorological authority shall be notified by the operator requiring service when: a. new routes or new types of operations are planned; b. changes of a lasting character are to be made in scheduled operations; and c. other changes, affecting the provision of meteorological service, are planned. Such information shall contain all details necessary for the planning of appropriate arrangements by the meteorological authority. 2.3.3 The aerodrome meteorological office, or the meteorological office concerned, shall be notified by the operator or a flight crew member: a. of flight schedules; b. when non-scheduled flights are to be operated; c. when flights are delayed, advanced or cancelled. 2.3.4 Recommendation The notification to the aerodrome meteorological office, or the meteorological office concerned, of individual flights should contain the following information except that, in the case of scheduled flights, the requirement for some or all of this information may be waived by agreement between the meteorological office and the operator: a. aerodrome of departure and estimated time of departure; b. destination and estimated time of arrival; c. route to be flown and estimated times of arrival at, and departure from, any intermediate aerodrome(s); d. alternate aerodromes needed to complete the operational flight plan and taken from the relevant list contained in the regional air navigation plan; e. cruising level; f. type of flight, whether under visual or instrument flight rules; g. type of meteorological information requested for a flight crew member, whether flight documentation and/or briefing or consultation; h. time(s) at which briefing, consultation and/or flight documentation are required.
The objective of the world area forecast system shall be to supply meteorological authorities and other users with global aeronautical meteorological en-route forecasts in digital form. This objective shall be achieved through a comprehensive, integrated, worldwide and, as far as practicable, uniform system, and in a cost-effective manner, taking full advantage of evolving technologies.
3.2
WORLD AREA FORECAST CENTRES
3.2.1 A Contracting State, having accepted the responsibility for providing a WAFC within the framework of the world area forecast system, shall arrange for that centre: a. to prepare for grid points for all required levels global forecasts of: 1. upper wind; 2. upper-air temperature and humidity; 3. geopotential altitude of flight levels; 4. flight level and temperature of tropopause; and 5. direction, speed and flight level of maximum wind; b. to prepare global forecasts of significant weather (SIGWX) phenomena; c. to issue the forecasts referred to in a. and b. in digital form to meteorological authorities and other users, as approved by the Contracting State on advice from the meteorological authority; d. to receive information concerning the accidental release of radioactive materials into the atmosphere, from its associated WMO regional specialized meteorological centre (RSMC) for the provision of transport model products for radiological environmental emergency response, in order to include the information in SIGWX forecasts; and e. to establish and maintain contact with VAACs for the exchange of information on volcanic activity in order to coordinate the inclusion of information on volcanic eruptions in SIGWX forecasts. 3.2.2 In case of interruption of the operation of a WAFC, its functions should be carried out by the other WAFC. NOTE: Back-up procedures to be used in case of interruption of the operation of a WAFC are updated by the World Area Forecast System Operations Group (WAFSOPSG) as necessary; the latest revision can be found at the WAFSOPSG website at: www.icao.int/anb/wafsopsg.
3.3
METEOROLOGICAL OFFICES
CHAPTER 3 WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM AND METEOROLOGICAL OFFICES

NOTE: Technical specifications and detailed criteria related to this chapter are given in Appendix 2.
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3.3.1 Each Contracting State shall establish one or more aerodrome and/or meteorological office which shall be adequate for the provision of meteorological service required to satisfy the needs of international air navigation.
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METEOROLOGY
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3.3.2 An aerodrome meteorological office shall carry out all or some of the following functions as necessary to meet the needs of flight operations at the aerodrome: a. prepare and/or obtain forecasts and other relevant information for flights with which it is concerned; the extent of its responsibilities to prepare forecasts shall be related to the local availability and use of en-route and aerodrome forecast material received from other offices; b. prepare and/or forecasts of local meteorological conditions; c. maintain a continuos survey of meteorological conditions over the aerodromes for which it is designated to prepare forecasts; d. provide briefing, consultation and flight documentation to flight crew members and/or flight operations personnel; e. supply other meteorological information to aeronautical users; f. display the available meteorological information; g. exchange meteorological information with other meteorological offices; and h. supply information received on pre-eruption volcanic activity, a volcanic eruption or volcanic ash cloud, to its associated air traffic services unit, aeronautical information service unit and meteorically watch office as agreed between the meteorological, aeronautical information service and ATS authorities concerned. 3.3.3 The aerodrome meteorological office at which flight documentation is required, as well as the areas to be covered, shall be determined by regional air navigation agreement. 3.3.4 The aerodromes for which landing forecasts are required shall be determined by regional air navigation agreement. 3.3.5 For aerodromes without meteorological offices a. the meteorological authority concerned shall designate one or more meteorological offices to supply meteorological information as required; and b. the competent authorities shall establish means by which such information can be supplied to the aerodromes concerned. c. supply SIGMET information and, as required, other meteorological information to associated air traffic services units; d. disseminate SIGMET information; e. when required by regional air navigation agreement, in accordance with 7.2.1; 1. prepare AIRMET information related to its area of responsibility; 2. supply AIRMET information to associated air traffic services units; and 3. disseminate AIRMET information; f. supply information received on pre-eruption volcanic activity, a volcanic eruption and volcanic ash cloud for which a SIGMET has not already been issued, to its associated ACC/FIC, as agreed between the meteorological and ATS authorities concerned, and to its associated VAAC as determined by regional air navigation agreement; and g. supply information received concerning accidental release of radioactive materials into the atmosphere, in the area for which it maintains watch or adjacent areas, to its associated ACC/FIC, as agreed between the meteorological and ATS authorities concerned, and to aeronautical information service units, as agreed between the meteorological and appropriate civil aviation authorities concerned. The information shall comprise location, date and time of the accident, and forecast trajectories of the radioactive materials. NOTE: The information is provided, at the request of the delegated authority in a State, by WMO regional specialized meteorological centers (RSMC) for the provision of transport model products for radiological environmental emergency response. The information is sent by the RSMC to a single contact point of the national meteorological service in each State. This contact point has the responsibility of redistributing the RSMC products within the State concerned. 3.4.3 Recommendation The boundaries of the area over which meteorological watch is to be maintained by a meteorological watch office should, is so far as is practicable, be coincident with the boundaries of a flight information region or a control area or a combination of flight information regions and/or control areas. 3.4.4 Recommendation Meteorological watch should be maintained continuously; however, in areas with a low density of traffic the watch may be restricted to the period relevant to expected flight operations.
3.4
METEOROLOGICAL WATCH OFFICES
3.4.1 A Contracting State, having accepted the responsibility for providing air traffic services within a flight information region or control area, shall establish one or more meteorological watch offices. or arrange for another Contracting State to do so. 3.4.2 A meteorological watch office shall: a. maintain watch over meteorological conditions affecting flight operations within its area of responsibility; b. prepare SIGMET and other information relating to its area of responsibility;
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3.5
VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY CENTERS
3.5.1 A Contracting State, having accepted, by regional air navigation agreement, the responsibility for providing VAAC within the framework of the international airways volcano watch, shall arrange for that center to respond to a notification that a volcano has erupted, or is expected to erupt or volcanic ash is reported in its area of responsibility, by arranging for that center to:
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a. monitor relevant geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite data to detect existence and extent of volcanic ash in the atmosphere in the are concerned; b. activate the volcanic ash numerical trajectory/ dispersion model in order to forecast the movement of any ash cloud which has been detected or reported; NOTE: The numerical model may be its own or, by agreement, that of another VAAC. c. issue advisory information regarding the extent and forecast movement of the volcanic ash cloud to: 1. meteorological watch offices, area control centers and flight information centers serving flight information regions in its area of responsibility which may be affected; 2. other VAACs whose areas of responsibility may be affected; 3. world area forecast centers, international OPMET data banks, international NOTAM offices, and centers designated by regional air navigation agreement for the operation of aeronautical fixed service satellite distribution systems; and 4. airlines requiring the advisory information through the AFTN address provided specifically for this purpose; and NOTE: The AFTN address to be used by the VAACs is given in the Handbook on the International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW) (Doc 9766) and at: http://www.icao.int/icao/en/anb/ met/index.html d. issue updated advisory information to the meteorological watch offices, area control centers, flight information centers and VAACs referred to in c. as necessary, but at least six hours until such time as the volcanic ash cloud is no longer identifiable from satellite data, no further reports of volcanic ash are received from the area, and no further eruptions of the volcano are reported. 3.5.2 Volcanic ash advisory centers shall maintain a 24-hour watch. 3.5.3 In case of interruption of the operation of a VAAC, its functions shall be carried out by another VAAC or another meteorological center, as designated by the VAAC Provider State concerned. NOTE: Back-up procedures to be used in case of interruption of the operation of a VAAC are included in the Handbook on the International Airways Volcano Watch (IAVW) (Doc 9766). shall send this information as quickly as practicable to its associated ACC, MWO and VAAC. NOTE: Pre-eruption volcanic activity in this context means unusual and/or increasing volcanic activity which could presage a volcanic eruption.
3.7
TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVISORY CENTERS
A contracting State having accepted, by regional air navigation agreement, the responsibility for providing a TCAC shall arrange for that center to: a. monitor the development of tropical cyclones in its area of responsibility, using geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite data, radar data and other meteorological information; b. issue advisory information concerning the position of the cyclone center, its direction and speed of movement, central pressure and maximum surface wind near the center, in abbreviated plain language to: 1. meteorological watch offices in its area of responsibility; 2. other TCACs whose area of responsibility may be affected; and 3. world area forecast centers, international OPMET databanks, and centers designated by regional air navigation agreement for the operation of aeronautical fixed service satellite distribution systems; and c. issue updated advisory information to meteorological watch offices for each tropical cyclone, as necessary, but at least every six hours.
CHAPTER 4 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS

4.1
AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
3.6
STATE VOLCANO OBSERVATORIES
Contracting States that maintain volcano observatories monitoring active volcanoes shall arrange that selected State volcano observatories, as designated by regional air navigation agreement, observing: a. significant pre-eruption volcanic activity, or a cessation thereof; b. a volcanic eruption, or a cessation thereof; and/or c. volcanic ash in the atmosphere
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4.1.1 Each Contracting State shall establish, at aerodromes in its territory; such aeronautical meteorological stations as it determines to be necessary. An aeronautical meteorological station may be a separate station or may be combined with a synoptic station. NOTE: Aeronautical meteorological stations may include sensors installed outside the aerodrome, where considered justified, by the meteorological authority to ensure the compliance of meteorological service for international air navigation with the provisions of Annex 3. 4.1.2 Recommendation Each Contracting State should establish, or arrange for the establishment of, aeronautical meteorological stations on off-shore structures or at other points of significance in support of helicopter operations to off-shore structures, if required by regional air navigation agreement.
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4.1.3 Aeronautical meteorological stations shall make routine observations at fixed intervals. At aerodromes, the routine observations shall be supplemented by special observations whenever specified changes occur in respect of surface wind, visibility, runway visual range, present weather, clouds and/or air temperature. 4.1.4 Recommendation Each Contracting State should arrange for its aeronautical meteorological stations to be inspected at sufficiently frequent intervals to ensure that a high standard of observations is maintained, that instruments and all their indicators are functioning correctly, and that the exposure of the instruments has not changed significantly. 4.1.5 At aerodromes, with runways intended for Category II and III instrument approach and landing operations, automated equipment for measuring or assessing, as appropriate, and for monitoring and remote indicating of surface wind, visibility, runway visual range, height of cloud base, air and dew-point temperatures and atmospheric pressure shall be installed to support approach and landing and take-off operations. These devices shall be integrated automatic systems for acquisition, processing, dissemination and display in real time of the meteorological parameters affecting landing and take-off operations. The design of integrated automatic systems shall observe Human Factors principles and include back-up procedures. NOTE 1: Categories of precision approach and landing operations are defined in Annex 6, Part I. NOTE 2: Guidance material on the application of Human Factors principles can be found in the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683). 4.1.6 Recommendation At aerodromes, with runways intended for Category I instrument approach and landing operations, automated equipment for measuring or assessing, as appropriate, and for monitoring and remote indicating of surface wind, visibility, runway visual range, height of cloud base, air and dew-point temperatures and atmospheric pressure should be installed to support approach and landing and take-off operations. These devices should be integrated automatic systems for acquisition, processing, dissemination and display in real time of the meteorological parameters affecting landing and take-off operations. The design of integrated automatic systems should observe Human Factors principles and include back-up procedures. 4.1.7 Recommendation Where an integrated semi-automatic system is used for the dissemination/display of meteorological information, it should be capable of accepting the manual insertion of data covering those meteorological elements which cannot be observed by automatic means. 4.1.8 The observations shall form basis for the preparation of reports to be disseminated at the aerodrome of origin and for reports to be disseminated beyond the aerodrome of origin. 4.1.9 Owing to the variability of meteorological elements in space and time, to limitations of observing techniques and to limitations caused by definitions of some of the elements, the specific value of any of the elements given in a report shall be understood by the recipient to be best approximation to actual conditions at the time of observation. NOTE: Guidance on the operationally desirable accuracy of measurement or observation is given in Attachment A.
4.2
AGREEMENT BETWEEN AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AUTHORITIES AND METEOROLOGICAL AUTHORITIES
Recommendation An agreement between the meteorological authority and the appropriate ATS authority should be established to cover, amongst other things: a. the provision in air traffic services units of displays related to integrated automatic systems; b. the calibration and maintenance of these displays/instruments; c. the use to be made of the displays/instruments by air traffic services personnel; d. as and where necessary, supplementary visual observations (e.g. of meteorological phenomena of operational significance in the climb-out and approach areas) if and when made by air traffic services personnel to update or supplement the information supplied by the meteorological station; e. meteorological information obtained from aircraft taking off or landing (e.g. on wind shear); and f. if available, meteorological information obtained from ground weather radar. NOTE: Guidance on the subject of coordination between ATS and meteorological services is contained in the Manual on Coordination between Air Traffic services, Aeronautical Information Service and Aeronautical Meteorological Services (DOC 9377).
4.3
ROUTINE OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS
4.3.1 At Aerodromes, routine observations shall be made throughout the 24 hours each day, except as otherwise agreed between the meteorological authority, the appropriate ATS authority and the operator concerned. Such observations shall be made at intervals of one hour or, if so determined by regional air navigation agreement, at intervals of one half-hour. At other aeronautical meteorological stations, such observations shall be made as determined by the meteorological authority taking into account the requirements of air traffic services units and aircraft operations. 4.3.2 Reports of routine observations shall be issued as: a. local routine reports only for dissemination at the aerodrome of origin (intended for arriving and departing aircraft); and
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b. METAR for dissemination beyond the aerodrome of origin (mainly intended for flight planning, VOLMET broadcasts and D-VOLMET). NOTE: Meteorological information used in ATIS (voice-ATIS and D-ATIS) is to be extracted from the local routine report, in accordance with Annex 11, 4.3.6.1g). 4.3.3 At aerodromes that are not operational throughout 24 hours in accordance with 4.3.1, METAR shall be issued prior to the aerodrome resuming operations in accordance with regional air navigation agreement. 4.5.2 Recommendation In addition to elements listed under 4.5.1 a. to k. local routine and special reports and METAR and SPECI should contain supplementary information to be placed after element k. 4.5.3 Optional elements included under supplementary information shall be included in METAR and SPECI in accordance with regional air navigation agreement.
4.6
OBSERVING AND REPORTING METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS
4.4
SPECIAL OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS
4.4.1 A list of criteria for special observations shall be established by the meteorological authority, in consultation with the appropriate ATS authority, operators and others concerned. 4.4.2 Reports of special observations shall be issued as: a. local special reports, only for dissemination at the aerodrome of origin (intended for arriving and departing aircraft); and b. SPECI for dissemination beyond the aerodrome of origin (mainly intended for flight planning, VOLMET broadcasts and D-VOLMET) unless METAR are issued at half-hourly intervals. NOTE: Meteorological information used in ATIS (voice-ATIS and D-ATIS) is to be extracted from the local special report, in accordance with Annex 11, 4.3.6.1g). 4.4.3 At aerodromes that are operational throughout 24 hours in accordance with 4.3.1, following the resumption of the issuance of METAR, SPECI shall be issued, as necessary.
4.6.1 Surface Wind 4.6.1.1 The mean direction and the mean speed of the surface wind shall be measured, as well as significant variations of wind direction and speed, and reported in degrees true and kilometers per hour (or knots), respectively. 4.6.1.2 Recommendation When local routine and special reports are used for departing aircraft, the surface wind observations for these reports should be representative of conditions along the runway; when local routine and special reports are used for arriving aircraft, the surface wind observations for these reports should be representative of the touchdown zone. 4.6.1.3 Recommendation For METAR and SPECI, the surface wind observations should be representative of conditions above the whole runway where the is only one run way and the whole runway complex where there is more than one runway. 4.6.2 Visibility 4.6.2.1 The visibility as defined in Chapter 1 shall be measured or observed, and reported in meters or kilometers. 4.6.2.2 Recommendation When local routine and special reports are used for departing aircraft, the visibility observations for these reports should be representative of conditions along the runway; when local routine and special reports are used for arriving aircraft, the visibility observations for these reports should be representative of the touchdown zone of the runway. 4.6.2.3 Recommendation For METAR and SPECI the visibility observations should be representative of the aerodrome. 4.6.3 Runway Visual Range NOTE: Guidance on the subject of runway visual range is contained in the Manual of Runway Visual Range Observing and reporting Practices (DOC 9328). 4.6.3.1 Runway visual range as defined in Chapter 1 shall be assessed on all runways intended for Category II and III instrument approach and landing operations. 4.6.3.2 Recommendation Runway visual range as defined in Chapter 1 should be assessed on all runways intended for use during periods of reduced visibility, including:
4.5
CONTENTS OF REPORTS
4.5.1 Local routine and special reports and METAR and SPECI shall contain the following elements in order indicated a. identification of the type of report; b. location indicator; c. time of observation; d. identification of an automated or missing report, when applicable; e. surface wind direction and speed; f. visibility; g. runway visual range, when applicable; h. present weather; i. cloud amount, cloud type (only for cumulonimbus and towering cumulus clouds) and height of cloud base or, where measured, vertical visibility; j. air temperature and dew-point temperature; and k. QNH and, when applicable, QFE (QFE included only in local routine and special reports). NOTE: The location indicators referred to under b. and their significations are published in Location Indicators DOC 7910).
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a. precision approach runways intended for Category I instrument approach and landing operations; and b. runways used for take-off and having high-intensity edge lights and/or center line lights. NOTE: Precision approach runways are defined in Annex 14, Volume I, Chapter 1, under Instrument runway. 4.6.3.3 The runway visual range, assessed in accordance with 4.6.3.1 and 4.6.3.2, shall be reported in meters throughout periods when either the visibility or the runway visual range is less than 1500m. 4.6.3.4 Runway visual range assessments shall be representative of: a. the touchdown zone of the runway intended for non-precision or Category I instrument approach and landings operations; b. the touchdown zone and the mid-point of the runway intended for Category II instrument approach and landing operations; and c. the touchdown zone, the mid-point and stop-end of the runway intended for Category III instrument approach and landing operations. 4.6.3.5 The units providing air traffic service and aeronautical information service for an aerodrome shall be kept informed without delay of changes in the serviceability status of the automated equipment used for assessing runway visual range. 4.6.4 Present Weather 4.6.4.1 The present weather occurring at the aerodrome and/or its vicinity shall be observed and reported as necessary. The following present weather phenomena shall be identified, as a minimum: precipitation and freezing precipitation (including intensity thereof), fog, freezing fog and thunderstorms (including thunderstorms in the vicinity). 4.6.4.2 Recommendation For local routine and special reports, the present weather information should be representative of conditions at the aerodrome. 4.6.4.3 Recommendation For METAR and SPECI, the present weather information should be representative of conditions at the aerodrome and, for certain specified weather phenomena, in its vicinity, 4.6.4.4 Recommendation Where observations are made using automatic observing systems, provisions should be made for manual insertion of those present weather elements which cannot be determined adequately by that equipment. 4.6.5 Clouds 4.6.5.1 Cloud amount, cloud type and height of cloud base shall be observed, and reported as necessary to describe the clouds of operational significance. When the sky is obscured, vertical visibility shall be observed and reported, where measured, in lieu of cloud amount, cloud type and height of cloud base. The height of cloud base and vertical visibility shall be reported in meters (or feet). 4.6.5.2 Recommendation Cloud observations for local routine and special reports should be representative of the approach area. 4.6.5.3 Recommendation Cloud observations for METAR and SPECI should be representative of the aerodrome and its vicinity. 4.6.6 Air Temperature and dew-point temperature 4.6.6.1 The air temperature and the dew-point temperature shall be measured and reported in degrees Celsius. 4.6.6.2 Recommendation Observation of air temperature and dew-point temperature for local routine and special reports and METAR and SPECI should be representative for the whole runway complex. 4.6.7 Atmospheric Pressure The atmospheric pressure shall be measured, and QNH and QFE values shall be computed and reported in hectopascals. 4.6.8 Supplementary information Recommendation Observations made at aerodromes should include the available supplementary information concerning significant meteorological conditions, particularly those in the approach and climb-out areas. Where practicable, the information should identify the location of the meteorological condition.
4.7
REPORTING OF INFORMATION FROM AUTOMATIC OBSERVING SYSTEMS
4.7.1 Recommendation METAR and SPECI from automatic observing systems should be used by States in a position to do so during non-operational hours of the aerodrome, and during operational hours of the aerodrome as determined by the meteorological authority in consultation with users based on the availability and efficient use of personnel. NOTE: Guidance on the use of automatic meteorological observing systems is given in the Manual on Automatic Meteorological Observing Systems at Aerodromes (Doc 9837). 4.7.2 METAR and SPECI from automatic observing systems shall be identified with the word "AUTO".
4.8
OBSERVATION AND REPORTS OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
Recommendation The occurrence of pre-eruption volcanic activity, volcanic eruptions and volcanic ash cloud should be reported without delay to the associated air traffic services unit, aeronautical information services unit and meteorological watch office. The report should be made in the form of a volcanic activity report comprising the following information in the order indicated: a. message type, VOLCANIC ACTIVITY REPORT; b. station identifier, location indicator or name of station; c. date/time of message;
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d. location of volcano and name, if known; and e. concise description of event including, as appropriate, level of intensity of volcanic activity, occurrence of an eruption and its date and time and the existence of a volcanic ash cloud in the area together with direction of ash cloud movement and height. NOTE: Pre-eruption volcanic activity in this context means unusual and/or increasing volcanic activity which could presage a volcanic eruption. 5.3.5 In the case of the requirement to report during the climb-out phase, an aircraft shall be designated, at approximately hourly intervals, at each aerodrome to make routine observations in accordance with 5.3.1.
5.4
ROUTINE AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS - EXEMPTIONS
CHAPTER 5 AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS

NOTE: Technical specifications and detailed criteria related to this chapter are given in Annex 4.
5.1
OBLIGATIONS OF STATES
Each Contracting State shall arrange, according to the provisions of this chapter, for observations to be made by aircraft of its registry operating on international air routes and for the recording and reporting of these observations.
5.2
TYPES OF AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS
The following aircraft observations shall be made: a. routine aircraft observations during en-route and climb-out phases of the flight; and b. special and other non-routine aircraft observations during any phase of the flight.
5.3
ROUTINE AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS - DESIGNATION
5.4.1 When voice communications are used, an aircraft shall be exempted from making routine observations specified in 5.3.2 when: a. the aircraft is not equipped with RNAV equipment; or b. the flight duration is 2 hours or less; or c. the aircraft is at a distance equivalent to less than one hour of flying time from the next intended point of landing; or d. the altitude of the flight path is below 1500m (5000ft). 5.4.2 Recommendation When voice communications are used, additional exemptions may be prescribed by regional air navigation agreement for flights over routes and areas with high-density air traffic and/or with adequate synoptic networks. Such procedures should take form of exemption or designation procedures and should: a. make it possible for the minimum requirements for aircraft observations of all meteorological offices concerned to be met; and b. be as simple as possible to implement and preferably not involving consideration of individual cases.
5.3.1 Recommendation When air-ground data link is used and automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) or secondary surveillance radar (SSR) Mode S is being applied, automated routine observations should be made every 15 minutes during the en-route phase and every 30 seconds during climb-out phase for the first 10 minutes of the flight. 5.3.2 When voice communications are used, routine observations shall be made during en-route phase in relation to those air traffic services reporting points or intervals: a. at which the applicable air traffic services procedures require routine reports; and b. which are those separated by distances corresponding most closely to intervals of one hour of flying time. 5.3.3 Recommendation For helicopter operations to and from aerodromes on offshore structures, routine observations should be made from helicopters at points and times as agreed between the meteorological authorities and the helicopter operators concerned. 5.3.4 In the case of air routes with high density traffic (e.g. organized tracks), an aircraft from among the aircraft operating at each flight level shall be designated, at approximately hourly intervals, to make routine observations in accordance with 5.3.1 or 5.3.2, as appropriate. The designation procedures shall be subject to regional air navigation agreement.
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5.5
SPECIAL AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS
Special observations shall be made by all aircraft whenever the following conditions are encountered or observed: a. severe turbulence; or b. severe icing; or c. severe mountain wave; or d. thunderstorms, without hail, that are obscured, embedded, widespread or in squall lines; or e. thunderstorms, with hail, that are obscured, embedded, widespread or in squall lines; or f. heavy duststorm or heavy sandstorm; or g. volcanic ash cloud; or h. pre-eruption volcanic activity or a volcanic eruption. NOTE: Pre-eruption volcanic activity in this context means unusual and/or increasing volcanic activity which could presage a volcanic eruption.
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3 5.6 OTHER NON-ROUTINE AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS 6.1 INTERPRETATION AND USE OF FORECASTS
When other meteorological conditions not listed under 5.5; e.g., wind shear, are encountered and which, in the opinion of the pilot-in-command, may affect the safety or markedly affect the efficiency of other aircraft operations, the pilot-in-command shall advise the appropriate air traffic services unit as soon as practicable. NOTE: Icing, turbulence and, to a large extent, wind shear, are elements which, for the time being, cannot be satisfactorily observed from the ground and for which in most cases aircraft observations represent the only available evidence.
6.1.1 Owing to the variability of meteorological elements in space and time, to limitations of forecasting techniques and to limitations caused by the definitions of some of the elements, the specific value of any of the elements given in a forecast shall be understood by the recipient to be the most probable value which the element is likely to assume during the period of the forecast. Similarly, when the time of occurrence or change of an element is given in a forecast, this time shall be understood to be the most probable time. 6.1.2 The issue of a new forecast by a meteorological office, such as a routine aerodrome forecast, shall be understood to cancel automatically any forecast of the same type previously issued for the same place and for the same period of validity or part thereof.
5.7
REPORTING OF AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS DURING FLIGHT
5.7.1 Aircraft observations shall be reported by air-ground data link. Where air-ground data link is not available or appropriate, aircraft observations during flight shall be reported by voice communications. 5.7.2 Aircraft observations shall be reported during flight at the time the observation is made or as soon thereafter as is practicable. 5.7.3 Aircraft observations shall be reported as air-reports.
6.2
AERODROME FORECASTS
6.2.1 An aerodrome forecast shall be prepared by the meteorological office designated by the meteorological authority concerned. 6.2.2 An aerodrome forecast shall be issued at a specified time and consist of a concise statement of the expected meteorological conditions at an aerodrome for a specified period. 6.2.3 Aerodrome forecasts and amendments thereto shall be issued as TAF and include the following information in the order indicated: a. identification of the type of forecast; b. location indicator; c. time and issue of forecast; d. identification of a missing forecast, when applicable; e. date and period of validity of forecast; f. identification of a cancelled forecast, when applicable; g. surface wind; h. visibility; i. weather; j. cloud; and k. expect significant changes to one or more of these elements during the period of validity. Optional elements shall be included in TAF in accordance with regional air navigation agreement. NOTE: The visibility included in TAF refers to the forecast prevailing visibility. 6.2.4 Meteorological offices preparing TAF shall keep the forecasts under continuous review and, when necessary, shall issue amendments promptly. The length of the forecast messages and the number of changes indicated in the forecast shall be kept to a minimum. 6.2.5 TAF that cannot be kept under continuos review shall be cancelled.
5.8
RELAY OF AIR-REPORTS BY ATS UNITS
The meteorological authority concerned shall make arrangements with the appropriate ATS authority to ensure that, on receipt by the ATS units: a. routine and special air-reports by voice communications, the ATS units relay them without delay to their associated meteorological watch office. b. routine air-reports by data link communications, the ATS units relay them without delay to WAFCs; and c. special air-reports by data link communications, the ATS units relay them without delay to their associated meteorological watch office and WAFCs.
5.9
RECORDING AND POST-FLIGHT REPORTING OF AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY
Special aircraft observations of pre-eruption volcanic activity, a volcanic eruption or volcanic ash cloud shall be recorded on the special air-report of volcanic activity form. A copy of the form shall be included with the flight documentation provided to flights operating on routes which, in the opinion of the meteorological authority concerned, could be affected by volcanic ash clouds.
CHAPTER 6 FORECASTS
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6.2.6 Recommendation The period of validity of routine TAF should be not less than 6 hours nor more than 30 hours; this period of validity should be determined by regional air navigation agreement. Routine TAF valid for less than 12 hours should be issued every 3 hours and those valid for 12 to 30 hours should be issued every 6 hours. 6.2.7 When issuing TAF, meteorological offices shall ensure that not more than one TAF is valid at an aerodrome at any given time. 6.5.2 When the density of traffic operating below flight level 100 warrants the issuance of AIRMET information in accordance with 7.2.1, area forecasts for such operations shall be prepared in a format agreed upon between the meteorological authorities concerned. When abbreviated plain language is used, the forecast shall be prepared as a GAMET area forecast, employing approved ICAO abbreviations and numerical values; when chart form is used, the forecast shall be prepared as a combination of forecasts of upper wind and upper-air temperature, and of SIGWX phenomena. The area forecasts shall be issued to cover the layer between ground and flight level 100 (or up to flight level 150 in mountainous areas, or higher, where necessary) and shall contain information on en-route weather phenomena hazardous to low-level flights, in support of the issuance of AIRMET information, and additional information required by low-level flights. 6.5.3 Area forecasts for low-level flights prepared in support of the issuance of AIRMET information shall be issued every 6 hours and transmitted to meteorological offices concerned not later than one hour prior to the beginning of their validity period.
6.3
LANDING FORECASTS
6.3.1 A landing forecast shall be prepared by the meteorological office designated by the meteorological authority concerned as determined by regional air navigation agreement; such forecasts are intended to meet requirements of local users and of aircraft within about one hours flying time from the aerodrome. 6.3.2 Landing forecasts shall be prepared in the form of a trend forecast. 6.3.3 A trend forecast shall consist of a concise statement of expected significant changes in the meteorological conditions at that aerodrome to be appended to a local routine or local special report, or a METAR or SPECI. The period of validity of a trend forecast shall be 2 hours from the time of the report which forms part of the landing forecast
CHAPTER 7 SIGMET AND AIRMET INFORMATION, AERODROME WARNINGS AND WIND SHEAR WARNINGS AND ALERTS
6.4
FORECASTS FOR TAKE-OFF
6.4.1 A forecast for take-off shall be prepared by the meteorological office designated by the meteorological authority concerned. 6.4.2 Recommendation A forecast for take-off should refer to a specified period of time and should contain information on expected conditions over the runway complex in regard to surface wind direction and speed and any variations thereof, temperature, pressure (QNH), and any other elements as agreed locally. 6.4.3 Recommendation A forecast for takeoff should be supplied to operators and flight crew members on request within the 3 hours before the expected time of departure. 6.4.4 Recommendation Meteorological offices preparing forecasts for take-off should keep the forecasts under continuos review and, when necessary, should issue amendments promptly.
7.1
SIGMET INFORMATION
7.1.1 SIGMET information shall be issued by a meteorological watch office and shall give a concise description in abbreviated plain language concerning the occurrence and/or expected occurrence of specified en route weather phenomena, which may affect the safety of aircraft operations, and of the development of those phenomena in time and space. 7.1.2 SIGMET information shall be cancelled when the phenomena are no longer occurring or are no longer expected to occur in the area. 7.1.3 The period of validity of a SIGMET message shall be not more than 4 hours. In the special case of SIGMET messages for volcanic ash cloud and tropical cyclones, the period of validity shall be extended up to 6 hours. 7.1.4 Recommendation SIGMET messages concerning volcanic ash cloud and tropical cyclones should be based on advisory information provided by VAACs and TCACs, respectively, designated by regional air navigation agreement. 7.1.5 Close coordination shall be maintained between the meteorological watch office and the associated area control center/flight information centre to ensure that information on volcanic ash included in SIGMET and NOTAM messages is consistent.
6.5
AREA FORECASTS FOR LOW LEVEL FLIGHTS
6.5.1 Recommendation When the density of traffic operating below flight level 100 (or up to flight level 150 in mountainous areas, or higher, where necessary) warrants the routine issue and dissemination of area forecasts for such operations, the frequency of issue, the form and the fixed time or period of validity of those forecasts and the criteria of amendments thereto shall be determined by the meteorological authority in consultation with the users.
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7.1.6 SIGMET messages shall be issued not more than 4 hours before the commencement of the period of validity. In the special case of SIGMET messages for volcanic ash cloud and tropical cyclones, these messages shall be issued as soon as practicable but not more than 12 hours before the commencement of the period of validity. SIGMET messages for volcanic ash and tropical cyclones shall be updated at least every 6 hours. nificant wind shears at heights in excess of 500m (1600ft) above runway level, then 500m (1600ft) shall not be considered restrictive. 7.4.2 Recommendation Wind shear warnings for arriving aircraft and/or departing aircraft should be cancelled when aircraft reports indicate that wind shear no longer exists or, alternatively, after an agreed elapsed time. The criteria for the cancellation of a wind shear warning should be defined locally for each aerodrome, as agreed between the meteorological authority, the appropriate ATS authority and the operators concerned. 7.4.3 At aerodromes where wind shear is detected by automated, ground-based, wind shear remote-sensing or detection equipment, wind shear alerts generated by these systems shall be issued. Wind shear alerts shall give concise, up-to-date information related to the observed existence of wind shear involving a headwind/tailwind change of 30km/h (15kt) or more which could adversely affect aircraft on the final approach path or initial take-off path and aircraft on the runway during the landing roll or take-off run. 7.4.4 Recommendation Wind shear alerts should be updated at least every minute. The wind shear alert should be cancelled as soon as the headwind/tailwind change falls below 30km/h (15kt).
7.2
AIRMET INFORMATION
7.2.1 AIRMET information shall be issued by a meteorological watch office in accordance with regional air navigation agreement, taking into account the density of the air traffic operating below flight level 100. AIRMET information shall give a concise description in abbreviated plain language concerning the occurrence and/or expected occurrence of specified en-route weather phenomena, which have not been included in Section I of the area forecast for low-level flights issued in accordance with Chapter 6, section 6.5 and which may affect the safety of low-level flights, and of the development of those phenomena in time and space. 7.2.2 AIRMET information shall be cancelled when the phenomena are no longer occurring or are no longer expected to occur in the area. 7.2.3 The period of validity of an AIRMET message shall be not more than 4 hours.
7.3
AERODROME WARNINGS
CHAPTER 8 - AERONAUTICAL CLIMATOLOGICAL INFORMATION

NOTE: Technical specifications and detailed criteria related to this chapter are given in Appendix 7
7.3.1 Aerodrome warnings shall be issued by the meteorological office designated by the meteorological authority concerned and shall give concise information of meteorological conditions which could adversely affect aircraft on the ground, including parked aircraft, and the aerodrome facilities and services. 7.3.2 Recommendation Aerodrome warnings should be cancelled when the conditions are no longer occurring and/or no longer expected to occur at the aerodrome.
8.1
GENERAL PROVISIONS
7.4
WIND SHEAR WARNINGS AND ALERTS
NOTE: Guidance on the subject is contained in the Manual on Low-level Wind Shear (Doc 9817). Wind shear alerts are expected to complement wind shear warnings and together are intended to enhance situational awareness of wind shear. 7.4.1 Wind shear warnings shall be prepared by the meteorological office designated by the meteorological authority concerned for aerodromes where wind shear is considered a factor, in accordance with local arrangements with the appropriate ATS unit and operators concerned. Wind shear warnings shall give concise information on the observed or expected existence of wind shear which could adversely affect aircraft on the approach path or take-off path or during circling approach between runway level and 500m (1600ft) above that level and aircraft on the runway during the landing roll or take-off run. Where local topography has been shown to produce sig-
NOTE: In cases where it is impracticable to meet the requirements for aeronautical climatological information on a national basis, the collection, processing and storage of observational data may be affected through computer facilities available for international use, and the responsibility for the preparation of required aeronautical climatological information may be delegated by agreement between the meteorological authorities concerned. 8.1.1 Aeronautical climatological information required for the planning of flight operations shall be prepared in the form of aerodrome climatological tables and aerodrome climatological summaries. Such information shall be supplied to aeronautical users agreed between the meteorological authority and those users. NOTE: Climatological data required for aerodrome planning purposes are set out in Annex 14, Volume I, 3.1.4. 8.1.2 Recommendation Aeronautical climatological information should normally be based on observations made over a period of at least 5 years and the period should be indicated in the information supplied. 8.1.3 Recommendation Climatological data related to sites for new aerodromes and to additional runways at existing aerodromes should be collected starting as early as possible before commissioning of those aerodromes or runways.
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3 8.2 AERODROME CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLES
9.1.3 Meteorological information supplied to operators and flight crew members shall be up to date and include the following information, as established by meteorological authority in consultation with operators concerned: a. forecast of 1. upper wind and upper-air temperature; 2. upper-air humidity; 3. geopotential altitude of flight levels; 4. flight level and temperature of tropopause; 5. direction, speed and flight level of maximum wind; and 6. SIGWX phenomena; NOTE: Forecasts of upper-air humidity and geopotential altitude of flight levels are used only in automatic flight planning and need not be displayed. b. METAR or SPECI (including trend forecasts as issued in accordance with regional air navigation agreement) for the aerodromes of departure and intended landing, and for take-off, en-route and destination alternate aerodromes; c. TAF or amended TAF for the aerodromes of departure and intended landing, and for take-off, en-route and destination alternate aerodromes; d. forecasts for take-off; e. SIGMET information and appropriate special air-reports relevant to the whole route; NOTE: Appropriate special air-reports will be those not already used in the preparation of SIGMET. f. subject to regional air navigation agreement, GAMET area forecast and/or area forecasts for low-level flights in chart form prepared in support of the issuance of AIRMET information, and AIRMET information for low-level flights relevant to the whole route; g. aerodrome warnings for the local aerodrome; h. meteorological satellite images; and i. ground-based weather radar information. 9.1.4 Forecasts listed under 9.1.3 a) shall be generated from the digital forecasts provided by the WAFCs whenever these forecasts cover the intended flight path in respect of time, altitude and geographical extent, unless otherwise agreed between the meteorological authority and the operator concerned. 9.1.5 When forecasts are identified as being originated by the WAFCs, no modifications shall be made to their meteorological content. 9.1.6 Charts generated from the digital forecasts provided by the WAFCs shall be made available, as required by operators, for fixed areas of coverage as shown in Appendix 8, Figures A8-1, A8-2 and A8-3.
Recommendation Each Contracting State should made arrangements for collecting and retaining the necessary observational data and have the capability: a. to prepare aerodrome climatological tables for each regular and alternate international aerodrome within its territory; and b. to make available such climatological tables to an aeronautical user within a time period as agreed between the meteorological authority and that user.
8.3
AERODROME CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARIES
Recommendation Aerodrome climatological summaries should follow the procedures prescribed by the World Meteorological Organization. Where computer facilities are available to store, process and retrieve the information, the summaries should be published, or otherwise made available to aeronautical users on request. Where such computer facilities are not available, the summaries should be prepared using the models specified by the World Meteorological Organization, and should be published and kept up to date as necessary.
8.4
COPIES OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONAL DATA
Each meteorological authority, on request and to the extent practicable, shall make available to any other meteorological authority, to operators and to others concerned with the application of meteorology to international air navigation, meteorological observational data required for research, investigation or operational analysis.
CHAPTER 9 - SERVICE FOR OPERATORS AND FLIGHT CREW MEMBERS

9.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
9.1.1 Meteorological information shall be supplied to operators and flight crew members for: a. pre-flight planning by operators; b. in-flight re-planning by operators using centralized operational control of flight operations; c. use by flight crew members before departure; and d. aircraft in flight. 9.1.2 Meteorological information supplied to operators and flight crew members shall cover the flight in respect of time, altitude and geographical extent. Accordingly, the information shall relate to appropriate fixed times, or periods of time, and shall extent to the aerodrome of intended landing, also covering the meteorological conditions expected between the aerodrome of intended landing and alternate aerodromes designated by the operator.
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9.1.7 When forecasts of upper wind and uppercair temperature listed under 9.1.3 a) 1) are supplied in chart form, they shall be fixed time prognostic charts for flight levels as specified in Appendix 2, 1.2.2 a). When forecasts of SIGWX phenomena listed under 9.1.3 a) 6) are supplied in chart form, they shall be fixed time prognostic charts for an atmospheric layer limited by flight levels as specified in Appendix 2, 1.3.2 and Appendix 5, 4.3.2. 9.1.8 The forecasts of upper wind and upper-air temperature and of SIGWX phenomena above flight level 100 requested for pre-flight planning and in-flight re-planning by the operator shall be supplied as soon as they become available, but not later than 3 hours before departure. Other meteorological information requested for pre-flight planning and in-flight re-planning by the operator shall be supplied as soon as is practicable. 9.1.9 Where necessary, the meteorological authority of the State providing service for operators and flight crew members shall initiate coordinating action with the meteorological authorities of other States with a view to obtaining from them reports and/or forecasts required. 9.1.10 Meteorological information shall be supplied to operators and flight crew members at the location to be determined by the meteorological authority, after consultation with the operators and at the time to be agreed upon between the meteorological office and the operator concerned. The service for pre-flight planning shall be confined to flights originating within the territory of the State concerned. At an aerodrome without a meteorological office, arrangements for the supply of meteorological information shall be as agreed upon between the meteorological authority and the operator concerned. briefing dealing with the divergence shall be recorded at the time of briefing and this record shall be made available to the operator. 9.2.4 The required briefing, consultation, display and/or flight documentation shall normally be provided by the meteorological office associated with the aerodrome of departure. At an aerodrome where these services are not available, arrangements to meet the requirements of flight crew members shall be as agreed upon between the meteorological authority and the operator concerned. In exceptional circumstances, such as an undue delay, the meteorological office associated with the aerodrome shall provide or, if that is not practicable, arrange for the provision of a new briefing, consultation and/or flight documentation as necessary. 9.2.5 Recommendation The flight crew member or other flight operations personnel for whom briefing, consultation and/or flight documentation has been requested should visit the meteorological office at the time agreed upon between the meteorological office and the operator concerned. Where local circumstances at an aerodrome make personal briefing or consultation impracticable, the meteorological office should provide those services by telephone or other suitable telecommunication facilities.
9.3
FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION
9.2
BRIEFING, CONSULTATION AND DISPLAY
NOTE: The requirements for the use of automated pre-flight information systems in providing briefing, consultation and display are given in 9.4. 9.2.1 Briefing and/or consultation shall be provided, on request, to flight crew members and/or other flight operations personnel. Its purpose shall be to supply the latest available information on existing and expected meteorological conditions along the route to be flown, at the aerodrome of intended landing, alternate aerodromes and other aerodromes as relevant, either to explain and amplify the information contained in the flight documentation or, if so agreed between the meteorological authority and the operator, in lieu of flight documentation. 9.2.2 Meteorological information used for briefing and consultation shall include any or all of the information listed in 9.1.3. 9.2.3 If the meteorological office expresses an opinion on the development of the meteorological conditions at an aerodrome which differs appreciably from the aerodrome forecast included in the flight documentation, the attention of flight crew members shall be drawn to the divergence. The portion of the
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NOTE: The requirements for the use of automated pre-flight information systems in providing flight documentation are given in 9.4. 9.3.1 Flight documentation to be made available shall comprise information listed under 9.1.3 a) 1) and 6), b), c), e) and, if appropriate, f). However, when agreed between the meteorological authority and operator concerned, flight documentation for flights of two hours duration or less, after a short stop or turnaround, shall be limited to the information operationally needed, but in all cases the flight documentation shall at least comprise information on 9.1.3 b), c), e) and, if appropriate, f). 9.3.2 Whenever it becomes apparent that the meteorological information to be included in the flight documentation will differ materially from that made available for pre-flight planning and in-flight re-planning, the operator shall be advised immediately and, if practicable, be supplied with the revised information as agreed between the operator and the meteorological office concerned. 9.3.3 Recommendation In cases where a need for amendment arises after the flight documentation has been supplied. and before take-off of the aircraft, the meteorological office should, as agreed locally, issue the necessary amendment or updated information to the operator or to the local air traffic services unit, for transmission to the aircraft.
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9.3.4 The meteorological authority shall retain information supplied to flight crew members, either as printed copies or in computer files, for a period of at least 30 days from the date of issue. This information shall be made available, on request, for inquiries or investigations and, for these purposes, shall be retained until the inquiry or investigation is completed. 9.5.2 Meteorological information for use by aircraft in flight shall be supplied to air traffic services units in accordance with specifications of Chapter 10. 9.5.3 Meteorological information shall be supplied through D-VOLMET or VOLMET broadcast in accordance with the specifications of Chapter 11.
9.4
AUTOMATED PRE-FLIGHT INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR BRIEFING, CONSULTATION, FLIGHT PLANNING AND FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION
CHAPTER 10 - INFORMATION FOR AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES, SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICES AND AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION SERVICES
9.4.1 Where the meteorological authority uses automated pre-flight information systems to supply and display meteorological information to operators and flight crew members for self-briefing, flight planning and flight documentation purposes, the information supplied and displayed shall comply with the relevant provisions in 9.1 to 9.3 inclusive. 9.4.2 Recommendation Automated pre-flight information systems providing for a harmonized, common point of access to meteorological information and aeronautical information services information by operators, flight crew members and other aeronautical personnel concerned should be established by an agreement between the meteorological authority and the relevant civil aviation authority or the agency to which the authority to provide service has been delegated in accordance with Annex 15, 3.1.1 c. NOTE: The meteorological and aeronautical information services information concerned is specified in 9.1 to 9.3 and Appendix 8 and in Annex 15, 8.1 and 8.2 respectively. 9.4.3 Where automated pre-flight information systems are used to provide a harmonized, common point of access to meteorological information and aeronautical information services information by operators, flight crew members and other aeronautical personnel concerned, the meteorological authority concerned shall remain responsible for the quality control and quality management if meteorological information by means of such systems in accordance with Chapter 2, 2.2.2. NOTE: The responsibilities relating to aeronautical information services information and the quality assurance of the information is given in Annex 15, Chapter 3.
10.1
INFORMATION FOR AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES UNITS
10.1.1 The meteorological authority shall designate a meteorological office to be associated with each air traffic services unit. The associated meteorological office shall, after coordination with air traffic services unit, supply, or arrange for the supply of, up-to-date meteorological information to the unit necessary for the conduct of its functions. 10.1.2 Recommendation The associated meteorological office for an aerodrome control tower or approach control unit should be an aerodrome meteorological office. 10.1.3 The associated meteorological office for a flight information center or area control center shall be a meteorological watch office. 10.1.4 Recommendation Where, owing to local circumstances, it is convenient for the duties of an associated meteorological office to be shared between two or more meteorological offices, the division of responsibility should be determined by the meteorological authority in consultation with the appropriate ATS authority. 10.1.5 Any meteorological information requested by an air traffic services unit in connection with an aircraft emergency shall be supplied as rapidly as possible.
10.2
INFORMATION FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE SERVICES UNITS
9.5
INFORMATION FOR AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT
9.5.1 Meteorological information for use by aircraft in flight shall be supplied by a meteorological office to its associated air traffic services unit and through D-VOLMET or VOLMET broadcasts as determined by regional air navigation agreement. Meteorological information for planning by the operator for aircraft in flight shall be supplied on request, as agreed between the meteorological authority or authorities and the operator concerned.
Meteorological offices designated by the meteorological authority in accordance with regional air navigation agreement shall supply search and rescue services units with the meteorological information they require in a form established by mutual agreement. For that purpose, the designated meteorological office shall maintain liaison with the search and rescue services unit throughout a search and rescue operation.
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3 10.3 INFORMATION FOR AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION SERVICES UNITS
the communications can be established being such that required points may normally be contacted within approximately 15 seconds. 11.1.5 Recommendation Telecommunication facilities between meteorological offices and flight information centers, area control centers, rescue coordination centers and aeronautical telecommunication stations should permit: a. communications by direct speech, the speed with which the communications can be established being such that the required points may normally be contacted within approximately 15 seconds; and b. printed communications, when a record is required by the recipient; the message transmit time should not exceed 5 minutes. NOTE: In 11.1.4 and 11.1.5 approximately 15 seconds refers to telephony communications involving switchboard operation and 5 minutes refer to printed communications involving transmission. 11.1.6 Recommendation The telecommunication facilities required in accordance with 11.1.4 and 11.1.5 should be supplemented, as and where necessary, by other forms of visual or audio communications, for example, closed-circuit television or separate information processing systems. 11.1.7 Recommendation As agreed between the meteorological authority and operators, provision should be made to enable operators to establish suitable telecommunications facilities for obtaining meteorological information from aerodrome meteorological offices or other appropriate sources. 11.1.8 Suitable telecommunications facilities shall be made available to permit meteorological offices to exchange operational meteorological information with other meteorological offices. 11.1.9 Recommendation The telecommunications facilities used for the exchange of operational meteorological information should be the aeronautical fixed service.
The meteorological authority, in coordination with the appropriate civil aviation authority, shall arrange for the supply of up-to-date meteorological information to relevant aeronautical information services units, as necessary, for the conduct of their functions.
CHAPTER 11- REQUIREMENTS FOR AND USE OF COMMUNICATIONS

NOTE 1: Technical specification and detailed criteria related to this chapter are given in Appendix10. NOTE 2: It is recognized that it is for each Contracting State to decide upon it own internal organization and responsibility for implementing the telecommunication facilities referred to this chapter.
11.1
REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMUNICATIONS
11.1.1 Suitable telecommunications facilities shall be made available to permit aerodrome meteorological offices and, as necessary, aeronautical meteorological stations to supply the required meteorological information to air traffic services units on the aerodromes for which those offices and stations are responsible, and in particular to aerodrome control towers, approach control offices and the aeronautical telecommunications stations serving these aerodromes. NOTE: Circuits of the aeronautical fixed service are used for the collection and regional and inter-regional exchanges of operational meteorological information as well as for access to international operational meteorological data banks. Three aeronautical fixed service satellite distribution systems providing for global coverage are used to support the regional and inter-regional exchanges of operational meteorological information. Provisions relating to the satellite distribution systems are given in Annex 10, Volume III, part 1, 10.1 and 10.2. 11.1.2 Suitable telecommunications facilities shall be made available to permit meteorological watch offices to supply the required meteorological information to air traffic services and search and rescue services units in respect of the flight information regions, control areas and search and rescue regions for which those offices are responsible, and in particular to flight information centers, area control centers and rescue coordination centers and the associated aeronautical telecommunications stations. 11.1.3 Suitable telecommunication facilities shall be made available to permit world area forecast centers to supply the required world area forecast system products to meteorological offices, meteorological authorities and other users. 11.1.4 Telecommunication facilities between meteorological offices and, as necessary, aeronautical meteorological stations and aerodrome control towers or approach control offices shall permit communications by direct speech, the speed with which
11.2
USE OF AERONAUTICAL FIXED SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS METEORLOGICAL BULLETINS IN ALPHANUMERIC FORMAT
Meteorological bulletins containing operational meteorological information to be transmitted via aeronautical fixed service shall be originated by the appropriate meteorological office or aeronautical meteorological station. NOTE: Meteorological bulletins containing operational meteorological information authorized for transmission via aeronautical fixed service are listed in Annex 10, Volume II, Chapter 4, together with the relevant priorities and priority indicators.
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3 11.3 USE OF AERONAUTICAL FIXED SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS - WORLD AREA FORECAST SYSTEM PRODUCTS
Recommendation World area forecast system products in digital form should be transmitted using binary data communication techniques. The method and channels used for dissemination of the products should be as determined by regional air navigation agreement.
11.4
USE OF AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SERVICE COMMUNICATION
The content and format of meteorological information transmitted to aircraft and by aircraft shall be consistent with the provisions of this Annex.
11.5
USE OF AERONAUTICAL DATA LINK SERVICE - CONTENTS OF D-VOLMET
D-VOLMET shall contain current METAR and SPECI together with trend forecasts where available, TAF and SIGMET, special air-reports not covered by SIGMET and, where available, AIRMET. NOTE: The requirement to provide METAR and SPECI may be met by the data-link information service (D-FIS) application entitled Data link-aerodrome routine meteorological report (D-METAR) service; the requirement to provide TAF may be met by the D-FIS application entitled Data link-aerodrome forecast (D-TAF) service; and the requirement to provide SIGMET and AIRMET messages may be met by the D-FIS application entitled Data link-SIGMET (D-SIGMET) service. The details of these data link services are specified in the Manual of Air Traffic Services Data Link Applications (Doc 9694).
11.6
USE OF AERONAUTICAL BROADCAST SERVICE - CONTENTS OF VOLMET BROADCASTS
11.6.1 Continuous VOLMET broadcasts, normally on very high frequencies (VHF) shall contain current METAR and SPECI, together with trend forecasts where available. 11.6.2 Scheduled VOLMET broadcasts, normally on high frequencies (HF), shall contain current METAR and SPECI, together with trend forecasts where available and, where so determined by regional air navigation agreement, TAF and SIGMET.
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / MODEL CHARTS AND FORMS - ANNEX 3
APPENDIX 1 FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION - MODEL CHARTS AND FORMS

(See Chapter 9 Of This Annex.) MODEL A MODEL IS OPMET information Upper wind and temperature chart for standard isobaric surface Example 1 - Arrows, feathers and pennants (Mercartor projection) Example 2 - Arrows, feathers and pennants (Polar stereographic projection) Significant weather chart (high level) Example - Polar stereographic projection (showing the jet stream vertical extent) Significant weather chart (medium level) Significant weather chart (low level) Example 1 Example 2 Volcanic ash advisory information in graphical format SIGMET for volcanic ash in graphical format SIGMET for phenomena other than tropical cyclone and volcanic ash in graphical format Sheet of notations used in flight documentation
MODEL SWH MODEL SWM MODEL SWL
MODEL MODEL MODEL MODEL
VAG SVA SGE SN
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APPENDIX 1 - MODEL A - OPMET INFORMATION
1228126484000
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / MODEL CHARTS - ANNEX 3
APPENDIX 1 - MODEL IS - UPPER WIND AND TEMPERATURE CHART FOR ISOBARIC SURFACE
EXAMPLE 1: ARROWS, FEATHERS AND PENNANTS (MERCATOR PROJECTION)
1227193233000
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APPENDIX 1 - MODEL IS - UPPER WIND AND TEMPERATURE CHART FOR STANDARD ISOBARIC SURFACE
EXAMPLE 2: ARROWS, FEATHERS AND PENNANTS (POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION)
1227193233000
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APPENDIX 1 - MODEL SWH SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART (HIGH LEVEL)

EXAMPLE: POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION (SHOWING THE JET STREAM VERTICAL EXTEND)
1227193233000
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APPENDIX 1 - MODEL SWM SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART (MEDIUM LEVEL)
1227193233000
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APPENDIX 1 - MODEL SWL SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART (LOW LEVEL)

EXAMPLE 1
1227193233000
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APPENDIX 1- MODEL SWL SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART (LOW LEVEL)

EXAMPLE 2
1227193211000
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APPENDIX 1 - MODEL VAG VOLCANIC ASH ADVISORY INFORMATION IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT
1227193233000
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APPENDIX 1 - MODEL SVA SIGMET FOR VOLCANIC ASH IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT
1227193233000
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APPENDIX 1 - MODEL SGE - SIGMET FOR PHENOMENA OTHER THAN TROPICAL CYCLONE AND VOLCANIC ASH IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT
1227193233000
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / SIGMET NOTATIONS - ANNEX 3
APPENDIX 1. MODEL SN NOTATIONS USED IN FLIGHT DOCUMENTATION 1 SYMBOLS FOR SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
Tropical cyclone
1145640356000 1145640356000
Drizzle
Severe squall line1

1145640356000 1145640356000
Rain
1145640356000
Moderate turbulence
1145640356000
Snow
1145640356000
Severe turbulence
1145640356000
Shower
1145640356000
Hail
Mountain waves
1145640356000 1145640356000
Widespread blowing snow
Moderate aircraft icing

1145640356000 1145640356000
Severe sand or dust haze
Severe aircraft icing

1145640356000 1145640356000
Widespread sandstorm or duststorm
Widespread fog
1145640356000
Widespread haze
1207059668000
1207059692000
Radioactive materials in the atmosphere2

1145640356000
Widespread mist
Volcanic eruption3
1207059732000 1145640356000
Widespread smoke
Mountain obscuration
1145640356000
1207059780000
Freezing precipitation4
1 2
In flight documentation for flights operating up to FL 100, this symbol refers to squall line. The following information should be included at the side of the chart: radioactive materials symbol; Latitude/longitude of accident site; Date and time of accident; check NOTAM for further information. The following information should be included at the side of the chart: Volcanic eruption symbol; Name and international number of volcano (if known); Latitude/longitude; Date and time of the first eruption (if known) This symbol does not refer to icing due to precipitation coming into contact with an aircraft which is at a very low temperature.
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NOTE: Height indications between which phenomena are expected, top above base as per chart legend.
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FRONTS AND CONVERGENCE ZONES AND OTHER SYMBOLS USED

Position, speed and level of max. wind
1228309653000
1145640356000
Cold front at the surface
1145640356000
Warm front at the surface

1207060097000
Convergence line
1145640356000
Occluded front at the surface

1145640356000
Freezing level Intertropical convergence zone

1145640356000
Quasi-stationary front at the surface

1145640356000
Tropopause high
1145640356000 1145640356000
State of the sea
Tropopause low
1145640356000 1145640356000
Sea surface temperature
Tropopause level
1145640356000 1145640356000
Widespread strong surface wind1
1228118336000
Wind arrows indicate the maximum wind in jet and the flight level at which it occurs. If the maximum wind speed is 240 km/h (120 kt) or more, the flight levels between which winds are greater than 160 km/h (80 kt) is placed below the maximum wind level. In the example, winds are greater than 160 km/h (80 kt) between FL 220 and FL 400. The heavy line delineating the jet axis begins/ends at the points where a wind speed of 160 km/h (80 kt) is forecast.
1
This symbol refers to widespread surface wind speeds exceeding 60 km/h (30 kt).
3
3.1
ABBREVIATIONS USED TO DESCRIBE CLOUDS

TYPE
AS = Altostratus NS = Nimbostratus SC = Stratocumulus ST = Stratus CU = Cumulus CB = Cumulonimbus
CI = Cirrus CC = Cirrocumulus CS = Cirrostratus AC = Altocumulus
3.2
AMOUNT
Clouds except CB: FEW = few (1/8th to 2/8ths) SCT = scattered (3/8th to 4/8ths) BKN = broken (5/8ths to 7/8ths) OVC = overcast (8/8ths) CB only: ISOL = individual CBs (isolated) OCNL = well separated CBs (occasional) FRQ = CBs with little or no separation (frequent) EMBD = CBs embedded in layers of other clouds or concealed by haze (embedded)
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / SIGMET NOTATIONS - ANNEX 3 3.3 HEIGHTS
Heights are indicated on SWH and SWM charts in flight levels (FL), top over base. When XXX is used, tops or bases are outside the layer of the atmosphere to which the chart applies.
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In SWL charts: a. Heights are indicated as altitudes above mean sea level; b. The abbreviation SFC is used to indicate ground level.
4
4.1
DEPICTING OF LINES AND SYSTEMS ON SPECIFIC CHARTS

SWH AND SWM SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHARTS (HIGH AND MEDIUM)
= demarcation of areas of significant weather = delineation of area of CAT = position of jet stream axis with indication of wind direction, speed in kt or km/h and height in flight levels. The vertical extent of the jet stream is indicated (in flight levels), e.g. FL270 accompanied by 240/290 indicates that the jet extends from FL240 to FL290. = speed in kt or km/h of movement of frontal system = height in flight levels of tropopause at spot locations; e.g., . Low and High points of the tropopause topography are indicated by the letters L or H respectively inside a pentagon with the height in flight levels. Display explicit FL for JET dephts and tropopause height even if outside forecast bounds.
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Scalloped line Heavy broken line Heavy solid line interrupted by wind arrow and flight level Figures on arrows Flight levels inside small rectangles
4.2
SWL SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CHART (LOW LEVEL)

= = = = = position of pressure centres given in hectopascals; centre of low pressure; centre of high pressure; demarcation of area of significant weather altitude of 0C isotherm in feet (hectofeet) or metres
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X L H Scalloped lines Dashed lines
NOTE: 0C level may also be indicated by ; i.e., 0C level is at an altitude of 6,000 ft. = speed in kt or km/h of movement of frontal systems, depressions or anticyclones Figures on arrows Figure inside the state = total wave height in feet or metres of the sea symbol Figure inside the sea = sea surface temperature in C surface temperature symbol = wind in kt or km/h Figures inside the strong surface wind symbol
4.3
ARROWS, FEATHERS AND PENNANTS
Arrows indicate direction. Number of pennants and/or feathers correspond to speed. EXAMPLE: 270 / 115 kt (equivalent to 230 km/h) Pennants correspond to 50 kt or 100 km/h; Feather correspond to 10 kt or 20 km/h; Half-feather correspond to 5 kt or 10km/h. A conversion factor of 1 to 2 is used.
1145640356000
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / WORLD AREA FORECAST - ANNEX 3
Appendix 2 - Technical Specifications Related To World Area Forecast System And Meteorological Offices Table A2-1. Template for advisory message for volcanic ash Key: M O = = = = inclusion mandatory, part of every message ; inclusion optional ; a double line indicates that the text following it should be placed on the subsequent line NOTE 3: Inclusion of a "colon " after each element heading is mandatory. NOTE 4: The numbers 1 to 18 are included only for clarity and they are not part of the advisory message, as shown in the example.
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in advisory messages for volcanic ash are shown in Appendix 6, Table A6-4. NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations can be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC, Doc 8400).
Table A2-1 - Template for advisory message for volcanic ash Element Detailed Content Template(s) Identification 1 of the type of Type of message VA ADVISORY message (M) 2 Time of origin (M) Year, month, day, time in DTG: nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ UTC nnnnnnnnnnnn 3 Name of VAAC Name of VAAC VAAC: (M) 4 Name of volcano Name and IAVCEI1 VOLCANO: nnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnn (M) number of volcano [nnnnnn] or UNKNOWN or UNNAMED 5 Location of Location of volcano in PSN: Nnnnn or Snnnn volcano (M) degrees and minutes or UNKNOWN or UNNAMED nnnnnnnnnnnnnn 6 State or region State, or region if ash is AREA: nnnnnn (M) not reported over a State 7 Summit elevation Summit elevation in m (or ft) 8 Advisory number Advisory number: year in (M) full and message number (separate sequence for each volcano) 9 Information Information source using source (M) free text 10 Colour code (O) Aviation colour code SUMMIT ELEV: ADVISORY NR: nnnM (or nnnnnFT) nnnn/nnnn Examples VA ADVISORY DTG: VAAC: VOLCANO: 20000402/ 0700Z TOKYO USUZAN 80503 UNNAMED N4230 E14048 UNKNOWN JAPAN 732M 2000/432
VOLCANO: PSN: PSN: AREA: SUMMIT ELEV: ADVISORY NR:
INFO SOURCE: AVIATION COLOUR CODE:
11 Eruption details (M)
Eruption details (including date/time of eruption(s))
ERUPTION DETAILS:
Free text up to 32 INFO characters SOURCE: RED or ORANGE AVIATION or YELLOW COLOUR CODE: or GREEN or UNKNOWN or NOT GIVEN or NIL Free text up to 64 ERUPTION characters DETAILS:
GMS-JMA AIREP RED
ERUPTED 20000402/ 0641Z ERUPTION OBS VA TO ABV FL300 02/0645Z
12 Time of observation of ash (M)

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Day and time (in UTC) of OBS VA observation of volcanic DTG: ash
or UNKNOWN nn/nnnnZ
OBS VA DTG:
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Table A2-1 - Template for advisory message for volcanic ash (continued) Element 13 Observed or estimated ash cloud (M) Template(s) Examples Detailed Content OBS VA CLD TOP FLnnn or Horizontal (in degrees OBS VA FL150/350 and minutes) and vertical or EST VA SFC/FLnnn or CLD: N4230 extent at the time of FLnnn/nnn CLD: E14048 observation of the [nnKM WID LINE2 N4300 observed or estimated BTN [nnNM WID E14130 ash cloud or, if the LINE BTN)] N4246 base is unknown, the Nnn[nn] E14230 top of the observed or or Snn[nn] estimated ash cloud; N4232 Wnnn[nn] or E14150 movement of the Ennn[nn] observed or estimated N4230 Nnn[nn] ash cloud E14048 or Snn[nn] SFC/FL150 Wnnn[nn] or MOV NE Ennn[nn] 25KT Nnn[nn] FL150/350 or Snn[nn] MOV E 30KT Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] TOP FL240 MOV W Nnn[nn] 40KMH or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]]3 or TOP FLnnn or SFC/FLnnn or FLnnn/nnn MOV N nnKMH (or KT) or MOV NE nnKMH (or KT) or MOV E nnKMH (or KT) or MOV SE nnKMH (or KT) or MOV S nnKMH (or KT) or MOV SW nnKMH (or KT) or MOV W nnKMH (or KT) or MOV NW nnKMH (or KT)4 VA NOT IDENTIFIABLE FROM SATELLITE DATA WINDS FLnnn/nnn nnn/nn[nn] KMH (KT)4
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Table A2-1 - Template for advisory message for volcanic ash (continued) Element 14 Forecast height and position of the ash clouds (+6 HR) (M) Template(s) Detailed Content nn/nnnnZ Day and time (in UTC) (6 FCST VA hours from the Time of CLD +6HR: SFC or FLnnn/ observation of ash given [FL]nnn in Item 12) [nnKM WID LINE2 Forecast height and BTN (nnNM WID position in degrees and LINE BTN)] minutes) for each cloud Nnn[nn] mass for that fixed valid or Snn[nn] time Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]] 3 or NO VA EXP nn/nnnnZ Day and Time (in UTC) FCST VA (12 hours from the Time CLD +12 HR: SFC or FLnnn/ of observation of ash [FL]nnn given in Item 12); [nnKM WID LINE2 Forecast height and BTN (nnNM WID position (in degrees and LINE BTN)] minutes) for each cloud Nnn[nn] mass for that fixed valid or Snn[nn] time Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]] 3 or NO VA EXP Examples FCST VA 02/1245Z CLD +6 HR: SFC/FL200 N4230 E14048 N4232 E14150 N4238 E14300 N4246 E14230 FL200/350 N4230 E14048 N4232 E14150 N4238 E14300 N4246 E14230 FL350/600 NO VA EXP
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15 Forecast height and position of the ash clouds (+12 HR) (M)
FCST VA 02/1845Z CLD +12 HR SFC/FL300 N4230 E14048 N4232 E14150 N4238 E14300 N4246 E14230 FL300/600 NO VA EXP
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Table A2-1 - Template for advisory message for volcanic ash (continued) Element 16 Forecast height and position of the ash clouds (+18 HR) (M) Template(s) Examples Detailed Content nn/nnnnZ Day and Time (in UTC) FCST VA FCST VA 03/0045Z (18 hours from the Time CLD +18 HR: SFC or FLnnn/ CLD +18 HR SFC/FL600 of observation of ash [FL]nnn NO VA EXP given in Item 12); [nnKM WID LINE2 Forecast height and BTN (nnNM WID position (in degrees and LINE BTN)] minutes) for each cloud Nnn[nn] mass for that fixed valid or Snn[nn] time Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] 3 or NO VA EXP 17 Remarks (M) RMK: Remarks, as necessary RMK: Free text up to ASH CLD 256 characters CAN NO LONGER BE or DETECTED NIL ON SATELLITE IMAGE 18 Next advisory (M) Year, month, day and NXT 20000402/ nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ NXT ADVISORY: 1300Z time in UTC ADVISORY: or NO LATER THAN nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ or NO FURTHER ADVISORIES or WILL BE ISSUED BY nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ
1 2
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International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earths Interior (IAVCEI). A straight line between two points drawn on a map in the Mercator projection or a straight line between two points which crosses lines of longitude at a constant angle. Up to 4 selected layers. If ash reported (e.g. AIREP) but not identifiable from satellite data.
3 4
Example A2-1. Advisory message for volcanic ash VA ADVISORY DTG: VAAC:
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20000402/0700Z TOKYO
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Example A2-1. Advisory message for volcanic ash (continued) VA ADVISORY VOLCANO: PSN: AREA: SUMMIT ELEV: ADVISORY NR: INFO SOURCE: AVIATION COLOUR CODE: ERUPTION DETAILS: OBS VA DTG: OBS VA CLD: USUZAN 805-03 N4230 E14048 JAPAN 732M 2000/432 GMS JMA RED ERUPTED 20000402/0614Z ERUPTION OBS VA TO ABV FL300 02/0645Z FL150/350 N4230 E14048 - N4300 E14130 - N4246 E14230 - N4232 E14150 - N4230 E14048 SFC/FL150 MOV NE 25KT FL150/350 MOV E 30KT 02/1245Z SFC/FL200 N4230 E14048 - N4232 E14150 - N4238 E14300 - N4246 E14230 FL200/350 N4230 E14048 - N4232 E14150 N4238 E14300 - N4246 E14230 FL350/600 NO VA EXP 02/1845Z SFC/FL300 N4230 E14048 - N4232 E14150 - N4238 E14300 - N4246 E14230 FL300/600 NO VA EXP 03/0045Z SFC/FL600 NO VA EXP VA CLD CAN NO LONGER BE DETECTED ON SATELLITE IMAGE 20000402/1300Z
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FCST VA CLD + 6 HR:
FCST VA CLD + 12 HR: FCST VA CLD + 18 HR: RMK: NXT ADVISORY:
Table A2-2. Template for advisory message for tropical cyclones Key: = = a double line indicates that the text following it should be placed on the subsequent line NOTE 3: All the elements are mandatory. NOTE 4: Inclusion of a "colon " after each element heading is mandatory. NOTE 5: The numbers 1 to 19 are included only for clarity and they are not part of the advisory message, as shown in the example.
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in advisory messages for tropical cyclones are shown in Appendix 6, Table A 6-4. NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations can be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC, Doc 8400).
Table A2-2 - Template for advisory message for tropical cyclones Element Detailed Content Template(s) Identification 1 of the type of Type of message TC ADVISORY message (M) 2 Time of origin (M) Year, month, day, time in DTG: nnnnnnnn/nnnnZ UTC of issue 3 Name of TCAC Name of TCAC (location TCAC: nnnn or nnnnnnnnnn indicator or full name) 4 Name of tropical Name of tropical cyclone TC: cyclone or NIL for unnamed tropical cyclone 5 Advisory number Advisory number NR: (starting with 01 for each cyclone) 6 Position of the Position of the centre of PSN: centre the tropical cyclone (in degrees and minutes) nnnnnnnnnnnn or NIL nn Examples TC ADVISORY DTG: TCAC: TCAC: TC: 20040925/1600Z YUFO1 MIAMI GLORIA
NR:
01
Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]
PSN:
N2706 W07306
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Table A2-2 - Template for advisory message for tropical cyclones (continued) Element 7 Direction and speed of movement Template(s) N nnKMH (or KT) or NNE nnKMH (or KT) or NE nnKMH (or KT) or ENE nnKMH (or KT) or E nnKMH (or KT) or ESE nnKMH (or KT) or SE nnKMH (or KT) or SSE nnKMH (or KT) or S nnKMH (or KT) or SSW nnKMH (or KT) or SW nnKMH (or KT) or WSW nnKMH (or KT) or W nnKMH (or KT) or WNW nnKMH (or KT) or NW nnKMH (or KT) or NNW nnKMH (or KT) or SLW or STNR 8 Central pressure Central pressure (in hPa) C: nnnHPA 9 Maximum nn[n]KMH Maximum surface wind MAX WIND: (or nn[n]KT) surface wind near the centre (mean over 10 minutes, in km/h (or kt)) 10 Forecast of FCST nn/nnnnZ Day and time (in UTC) centre postion (6 hours from the DTG PSN Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] +6 HR: Wnnn(nn) or (+6 HR) given in item 2): Ennn[nn] Forecast position (in degrees and minutes) of the centre of the tropical cyclone 11 Forecast of Forecast of maximum FCST nn[n]KMH surface wind (6 hours MAX maximum (or nn[n]KT) surface wind (+ 6 after the DTG given in WIND item 2) HR) +6 HR: 12 Forecast of FCST nn/nnnnZ Day and time (in UTC) centre postion (12 hours from the DTG PSN Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] (+12 HR) +12 given in item 2): Wnnn(nn) or HR: Ennn[nn] Forecast position (in degrees and minutes) of the centre of the tropical cyclone 13 Forecast of Forecast of maximum FCST nn[n]KMH surface wind (12 hours MAX maximum (or nn[n]KT) surface wind (+ after the DTG given in WIND item 2) 12 HR) +12 HR: Detailed Content Direction and speed of movement given in sixteen compass points and km/h (or kt), respectively, or moving slowly (< 6 km/h (3kt)) or stationary (< 2km/h (1kt)) MOV:
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MOV:
Examples NW 20 KMH
C: MAX WIND:
965HPA 90KMH
FCST 25/2200Z PSN +6 N2748 W07350 HR
90KMH FCST MAX WIND +6 HR: 26/0400Z FCST PSN N2830 W07430 +12 HR
FCST MAX WIND +12 HR:
90KMH
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Table A2-2 - Template for advisory message for tropical cyclones (continued) Element 14 Forecast of centre postion (+18 HR) Detailed Content Day and time (in UTC) (18 hours from the DTG given in item 2): Forecast position (in degrees and minutes) of the centre of the tropical cyclone Forecast of maximum surface wind (18 hours after the DTG given in item 2) FCST PSN +18 HR: Template(s) nn/nnnnZ Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn(nn) or Ennn[nn] Examples 26/1000Z FCST PSN N2852 W07500 +18 HR
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15 Forecast of maximum surface wind (+ 18 HR) 16 Forecast of centre postion (+24 HR)
17 Forecast of maximum surface wind (+ 24HR) 18 Remarks
FCST MAX WIND +18 HR: FCST Day and time (in UTC) (24 hours from the DTG PSN +24 given in item 2): HR: Forecast position (in degrees and minutes) of the centre of the tropical cyclone Forecast of maximum FCST surface wind (24 hours MAX after the DTG given in WIND item 2) +24 HR: Remarks, as necessary RMK:
nn[n]KMH (or nn[n]KT)
nn/nnnnZ Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn(nn) or Ennn[nn]
85KMH FCST MAX WIND +18 HR: 26/1600Z FCST PSN N2912 W07530 +24 HR
nn[n]KMH (or nn[n]KT)
19 Expected time of Expected year, month, NXT issuance of next day and time (in UTC) of MSG: advisory issuance of next advisory
Free text up to 256 characters or NIL [BFR] nnnnnnnn/ nnnnZ or NO MSG EXP
FCST MAX WIND +24 HR: RMK: NXT MSG:
80KMH
NIL 20040925/2000Z
Fictitious location.
Example A2-2. Advisory message for tropical cyclones TC ADVISORY DTG: TCAC: TC: NR: PSN: MOV: C: MAX WIND: FCST PSN + 6 HR FCST MAX WIND + 6 HR FCST PSN + 12 HR: FCST MAX WIND + 12 HR: FCST PSN + 18 HR: FCST MAX WIND + 18 HR: FCST PSN + 24 HR: FCST MAX WIND + 24 HR: RMK NXT MSG: 19970925/1600Z YUFO GLORIA 01 N2706 W07306 NW 20KMH 965HPA 90KMH 25/2200Z N2748 W07350 90KMH 26/0400Z N2830 W07430 90KMH 26/1000Z N2852 W07500 85KMH 26/1600Z N2912 W07530 80KMH NIL 19970925/2000Z
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / METAR AND SPECI - ANNEX 3
Appendix 3 - Technical Specifications Related To Meteorological Observations And Reports Table A3-1 - Template for the local routine (MET REPORT) and local (SPECIAL) reports = M inclusion mandatory, part of every message = inclusion conditional, dependent on meteorological conditions C = inclusion optional O NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations used can be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC, Doc 8400). Examples MET REPORT SPECIAL YUDO1 221630Z
Key:
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in the local routine and special reports are shown in Table A3-4 of this appendix. Element as specified in Chapter 4 Identification of the type of report (M) Location indicator (M) Time of the observation (M)
Detailed content
Template(s)
Type of report MET REPORT or SPECIAL
ICAO location nnnn indiactor (M) nnnnnnZ Day and actual tim of the observation in UTC Surface wind Name of the WIND element (M) (M) Runway (O)2 Runway section (O)3 Wind direction (M) RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R} TDZ
WIND 240/15KMH (WIND 240/8KT) WIND RWY 18 TDZ 190/22KMH (WIND RWY 18 TDZ 190/11KT)
nnn/
VRB BTN nnn/ AND nnn/ CALM or VRB
Wind speed (M)
[ABV] n[n][n]KMH (or [ABV] n[n]KT)
MAX [ABV] nn [n] MNM n [n] Significant speed variations (C)4 VRB Significant BTN directional variations (C)5 nnn/ AND nnn/ Runway MID sections (O)3
WIND VRB4KMH WIND CALM (WIND VRB2KT) WIND VRB BTN 350/AND 050/4KMH (WIND VRB BTN 350/AND 050/2KT) WIND 270/ABV 199KMH (WIND 270/ABV 99KT) WIND 120/12KMH MAX35 MNM8 (WIND 120/6KT MAX18 MNM4) WIND 020/20 KMH VRB BTN 350/ AND 070/ (WIND 020/10KT VRB BTN 350/ AND 070/) WIND RWY 14R MID 140/22KMH (WIND RWY 14R MID 140/11KT)
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Element as specified in Chapter 4 Detailed content Wind nnn/ direction (O)3 Wind speed (O)3 Significant speed variations (C)4 Template(s) VRB BTN nnn/ AND nnn/ CALM or VRB [ABV] n[n][n]KMH (or [ABV] n[n]KT) MAX [ABV] nn [n] MNM n [n] Examples
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VRB Significant BTN directional variations (C)5 nnn/ AND nnn/ Runway END section (O)3
WIND RWY 27 TDZ 240/32KMH MAX54 MNM20 END 250/28KMH (WIND RWY 27 TDZ 240/16KT MAX27 MNM10 END 250/14KT)
Wind nnn/ direction (O)3 Wind speed (O)3 Significant speed variations (C)4
VRB BTN nnn/ AND nnn/ CALM or VRB [ABV] n[n][n]KMH (or [ABV] n[n]KT MAX [ABV] nn [n] MNM n [n]
Visibility (M)
VRB Significant BTN directional variations (C)5 nnn/ AND nnn/ Name ot the VIS element (M) Runway (O)2 Runway section (O)3 Visibilty (M) Runway section (O)3 Visibility (O)3 Runway section (O)3 Visibility (O)3 Name of the element (M) Runway (C)7 Runway section (C)8
CAVOK VIS 350M CAVOK VIS 7KM VIS 10KM RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY VIS RWY 09 TDZ 800M END nn[R] 1200M TDZ
nn[n][n]M or n[n]KM MID
nn[n][n]M or n[n]KM END
VIS RWY 18C TDZ 6KM RWY 27 TDZ 4000M
RVR(C)6
nn[n][n]M or n[n]KM RVR RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] TDZ
RVR RWY 32 400M RVR RWY 20 1600M
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Element as specified in Chapter 4 Detailed content RVR (M) Template(s) [ABV or BLW] nn[n][n]M Examples RVR RWY 10L BLW 50M RVR RWY 14 ABV 2000M RVR RWY 10 BLW 150M RVR RWY 12 ABV 1200M RVR RWY12 TDZ 1100M MID ABV 1400M
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Runway section (C)8 RVR (C)8 Runway section (C)8
MID
[ABV or BLW] nn[n][n]M END
RVR RWY 16 TDZ 600M MID 500M END 400M RVR RWY 26 500M RWY 20 800M
Present weather (C)9 10
RVR (C)8 Intensity of present weather (C)9 Characteristics and type of present weather (C)9,
11
Cloud (M)12
RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] Cloud amount FEW OBSC NSC (M) or vertical or SCT visibility (O)9 or BKN or OVC Cloud type (C)9 Height of cloud base or the value of vertical visibility (C)9 CB or TCU nn[n][n] M (or nnn[n] FT) [VER VIS nn[n]M (or VER VIS nnn[n] FT)
Name of the element (M) Runway (O)2
[ABV or BLW] nn[n][n]M FBL or MOD or HVY DZ or RA or IC or FG or BR or SN or SG or SA or DU or HZ PL or DS or or FU or VA or SS or FZDZ or SQ or PO or FC FZRA or SHGR or TS or BCFG or SHGS or or BLDU or SHRA or SHSN BLSA or BLSN or TSGR or or DRDU or TSGS or TSRA DRSA or DRSN or TSSN or FZFG or MIFG or PRFG CLD
MOD RA HVY TSRA HVY DA FBL SN HVY TSRASN FBL SNRA FBL DZ FG HVY SHSN BLSN
HZ FG VA MIFG
CLD NSC CLD SCT 300M OVC 600M (CLD SCT 1000FT OVC 2000FT) CLD OBSC VER VIS 150M (CLD OBSC VER VIS 500FT) CLD BKN TCU 270M (CLD BKN TCU 900FT) CLD RWY 08R BKN 60M, RWY 26 BKN 90M) (CLD RWY 08R BKN 200FT RWY 26 BKN 300FT)
Air temperature (M)
Dew-point temperature (M)
Pressure values (M)
Name of the element (M) Air temperature (M) Name of the element (M) Dew-point temperature (M) Name of the element (M) QNH (M)
T [MS]nn
T17 TMS08
DP [MS]nn
DP15 DPMS18
QNH nnnnHPA
QNH 0995HPA QNH 1009HPA
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Element as specified in Chapter 4 Detailed content Name of the element (O) QFE (O) QFE Template(s) Examples QNH 1022HPA QFE 1001HPA QNH 0987HPA QFE RWY 18 0956HPA RWY 24 0955HPA
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Supplementary information (C)9
Significant meteorological phenomena (C)9 Location of the phenomenon (C)9 Recent weather (C)9,
10
Trend forecast14
Name of the element (M) Change indicator (M)15
[RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R]] nnnHPA [RWY nn[L] or RWY nn[C] or RWY nn[R] nnnHPA] CB or TS or MOD TURB or SEV TURB or FC IN APCH WS or GR or SEV SQL or MOD ICE or SEV WS IN APCH 60M-WIND: ICE or FZDZ or FZRA or SEV MTW or SS 360/50KMH or DS or BLSN or FC13 WS RWY 12 IN APCH [nnnM-WIND nnn/nnKMH] or IN CLIMB-OUT [nnnM-WIND nnn/nnKMH] (IN APCH [nnnFT-WIND nnn/nnKT] or IN CLIMB-OUT [nnnFT-WIND nnn/nnKT] or RWY nn[n] REFZRA REFZDZ or REFZRA or REDZ or RE[SH]RA or RERASN or RE[SH]SN CB IN CLIMB-OUT RETSRA or RESG or RESHGR or RESHGS or REBLSN or RESS or REDS or RETSRA or RETSSN or RETSGR or RETSGS or REFC or REPL or REVA or RETS TREND NOSIG BECMG or TEMPO
TREND NOSIG TREND BECMG FEW 600M (TREND BECMG FEW 2000FT)
Period of change (C)9 Wind (C)9
FMnnnn and/or TLnnnn or ATnnnn nnn/[ABV]n[n][n]KMH [MAX[ABV]nn[n]] (or nnn/[ABV]n[n]KT [MAX[ABV]nn]) VIS nn[n][n]M or VIS n[n]KM TREND TEMPO 250/70KMH MAX 100 TREND TEMPO 250/35KT MAX 50 CAVOK TREND BECMG AT1800 VIS 10KM NSW TREND BECMG TL1700 VIS 800M FG TREND BECMG FM1030 TL1130 CAVOK TREND TEMPO TL1200 VIS 600M BECMG AT 1230 VIS 8KM NSW NSC
Visibility (C)9
Weather phenomenon intensity (C)9
FBLor MOD or HVY
NSW
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Element as specified in Chapter 4 Detailed content Weather phenomenon: characteristics and type (C)9,10,12 DZ or RA or SN or SG or PL or DS or SS or FZDZ or FZRA or SHGR or SHGS or SHRA or SHSN or TSGR or TSGS or TSRA or TSSN CLD FEW or SCT or BKN or OVC CB or TCU nn[n][n] M (or nnn[n] FT) Template(s) IC or FG or BR or SA or DU or HZ or FU or VA or SQ or PO or FC or TS or BCFG or BLDU or BLSA or BLSN or DRDU or DRSA or DRSN or FZFG or MIFG or PRFG Examples TREND TEMPO FM0300 TL0430 MOD FZRA TREND BECMG FM1900 VIS 500M HVY SNRA TREND BECMG FM1100 MOD SN TEMPO FM1130 BLSN
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Name of the element (C)9 Cloud amount and vertical visibility (C)9
OBSC
NSC
TREND BECMG AT 1130 CLD OVC 300M (TREND BECMG AT 1130 CLD OVC 1000FT) TREND TEMPO TL1530 HVY SHRA CLD BKN CB 360M (TREND TEMPO TL1530 HVY SHRA CLD BKN CB 1200FT)
Cloud type (C)9 Height of cloud base or the value of vertical visibility (C)9
[VER VIS nn[n]M (or VER VIS nnn[n] FT)]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Fictitous location. Optional values for one or more runways. Optinal values for one or more sections of the runway To be included in accordance with 4.1.5.2 c) To be included in accordance with 4.1.5.2 b)1) To be included if visibility or RVR < 1500m To be included in accordance with 4.3.6.4 d) To be included in accordance with 4.3.6.4 c) To be included whenever applicable. One or more, up to a maximum of three groups, in accordance with 4.4.2.7 a), 4.8.1.1 and Appendix 5, 2.2.4.3 Precipitation types listed under 4.4.2.3 a) may be combined in accordance with 4.4.2.7 c) and Appendix 5, 2.2.4.2. Only modarate or heavy precipitation to be indicated in trend forecast in accordance with Appendix 5, 2.2.4.2. Up to four cloud layers in accordance with 4.5.4.2 e) Abbreviation plain language may be used in accordance with 4.8.1.2. To be included in accordance with Chapter 6, 6.3.2. Number of change indicators to be kept to a minimum in accordance with Appendix 5, 2.2.1, normally not exceeding three groups.
12 13 14 15
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Table A3-2 - Template for METAR and SPECI Key: M C O = = = inclusion mandatory, part of every message inclusion conditional, dependent on meteorological conditions or method of observation inclusion optional NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations used can be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC, Doc 8400). Examples
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NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in METAR and SPECI are shown in Table A3-5 of this appendix. Element as specified in Chapter 4 Identification of the type of report (M)
Detailed content
Template(s)
Type of report METAR, METAR COR, SPECI or SPECI METAR (M) COR METAR COR SPECI Location ICAO location nnnn YUDO1 indicator (M) indicator (M) 221630Z Time of the Day and actual nnnnnnZ observation (M) time of the observation in UTC (M) Indentification of Automated or AUTO or NIL AUTO an automated or missing report NIL missing report identifier (C) (C)2 END OF METAR IF THE REPORT IS MISSING. 24015KMH VRB Wind direction nnn Surface wind (M) (M) (24008KT) Wind speed [P]nn[n] 19022KMH (M) (19011KT) 00000KMH (00000KT) 140P199KMH (140P99KT) 12012G35KMH Significant G[P]nn[n] speed (12006G18KT) variations (C)3 24032G54KMH Units of KMH (or KT) (24016G27KT) measurement (M) nnnVnnn Significant directional variations (C)4 nnnn Prevailing or minimum visibility (M)5
VRB04KMH (VRB02KT)
02020KMH 350V070) 02010KT 350V070) C A V O K 0350 7000NDV 9999 CAVOK
Visibility (M)
Unidirectional visibility (C)6 Minimum visibility (C)7
NDV nnnn
0800 2000 1200NW 6000 2800E
Direction of the minimum visibility (C) 7
N or NE or E or SE or S or SW or W or NW
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Element as specified in Chapter 4 RVR(C)8 Detailed content Name of the element (M) Runway (M) RVR (M) R nn[L]/or nn[C)]/ or nn[R]/ [P or M]nnnn Template(s) Examples R32/0400 R12R/1700 R10/M0050 R14L/P2000 R16L/0650 R16C/0500 R16R/0450 R17L/0450 R20/0700V1200 R19/0350VP1200 R12/1100U R26/0550N R20/0800D R09/0375V0600U R10/M0150V0500D VC
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RVR variations V[P or M]nnnn (C)9 RVR past tendency (C)

10
U, D or N
Present weather Intensity or (C) 2, 11 proximity of present weather (C)

12
or +
Characteristics and type of present weather (M)

13
DZ or RA or SN or SG or PL or DS or SS or FZDZ or FZRA or FZUP6 or SHGR or SHGS or SHRA or SHSN or SHUP or TSGR or TSGS or TSRA or TSSN or TSUP or UP 6
IC or FG or BR or SA or DU or HZ or FU or VA or SQ or PO or FC or TS or BCFG or BLDU or BLSA or BLSN or DRDU or DRSA or DRSN or FZFG or MIFG or PRFG
FG or PO or FC or DS or SS or TS or SH or BLSN or BLSA or BLDU or VA
RA HZ +TSRA FG +DZ VA MIFG -SN +TSRASN -SNRA DZ FG +SHSN BLSN UP FZUP TSUP FZUP
VCFG VCSH VCTS VCBLSA
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Element as specified in Chapter 4 Cloud (M)14 Detailed content Cloud amount and height of cloud base or vertical visibility (M) Template(s) NSC or NCD 6 Examples FEW015 VV005 OVC030 VV/// NSC SCT010 BKN025/// OVC020
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FEWnnn VVnnn or VV/// or SCTnnn or BKNnnn or OVCnnn or ////// 6 Cloud Type (C) CB or 2 TCU or /// 6 [M]nn/[M]nn
Air and Air and dew-point dew-point temperature (M) temperatures (M) Pressure values Name of the (M) element (M) QNH (M) Supplementary information (C) Recent weather (C)
2, 11
BKN009 TCU SCT008 BKN025CB //////CB 17/10 02/M08 M01/M10 Q0995 Q1009 Q1022 Q0987 REFZRA RETSRA
NCD
Q nnnn
Wind shear (C)2
Sea-surface temperature and state of the sea (C) 15 R/SN R99/421594 R nn [L]/ or Rnn[C]/ or Rnn[R]/ State RunOCLO R/SNOCLO of the way run- desigR14L/CLRD// way nator 16 (M) (C) RunCLRD// n or / way deposits (M) Extent n or / of runway contamination (M) Depth nn or // of deposit (M) Friction nn or // coefficient or braking action (M)
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REFZDZ or REFZRA or REDZ or RE[SH]RA or RERASN or RE[SH]SN or RESG or RESHGR or RESHGS or REBLSN or RESS or REDS or RETSRA or RETSSN or RETSGR or RETSGS or RETS or REFC or REVA or REPL or REUP 6 or REFZUP 6 or RETSUP 6 or RESHUP 6 WS Rnn[L] or WS Rnn[C] or WS Rnn[R] WS RWY03 or WS ALL RWY WS ALL RWY W[M]nn/Sn W15/S2
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Element as specified in Chapter 4 Trend forecast (O)17 Detailed content Template(s) NOSIG Examples BECMG FEW020
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Change NOSIG BECMG or TEMPO indicator (M)18 FMnnnn and/or TLnnnn or Period of change (C)2 ATnnnn Wind (C)2 Prevailing visibility (C)2 nnn[P]nn[n]]KMH (or nnn[P[nn[G[P] nn]KT) nnnn
C A V O K
TEMPO 25070G100KMH (TEMPO 25035G50KT) BECMG FM1030 TL1130 CAVOK BECMG TL1700 0800 FG BECMG AT1800 9000 NSW BECMG FM1900 0500 +SNRA BECMG FM1100 SN TEMPO FM1130 BLSN TEMPO FM0330 TL0430 FZRA
Weather phenomenon: intensity (C)12 Weather phenomenon: characteristics and type (C)2,
11, 13
or +
NSW
DZ or RA or SN or SG or PL or DS or SS or FZDZ or FZRA or SHGR or SHGS or SHRA or SHSN or TSGR or TSGS or TSRA or TSSN
Cloud amount and height of cloud base or vertical visibility (C)

2
Cloud type (C)2

1 2 3 4
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IC or FG or BR or SA or DU or HZ or FU or VA or SQ or PO or FC or TS or BCFG or BLDU or BLSA or BLSN or DRDU or DRSA or DRSN or FZFG or MIFG or PRFG FEW VVnnn nnn or or SCTnnn SCT nnn or or BKNnnn BKN nnn or or OVC nnn OVC nnn CB or TCU
NSC
TEMPO TL1200 0600 BECMG AT1200 8000 NSW NSC BECMG AT1130 OVC010
TEMPO TL1530 +SHRA BKN012CB
Fictitous location. To be included whenever applicable. To be included in accordance with 4.1.5.2c). To be included in accordance with 4.1.5.2 b) 1).
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5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
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To be included in accordance with 4.2.4.4 b). For automated reports only. To be included in accordance with 4.2.4.4 a). To be included if visibility or RVR <1500m; for up to a maximum of four runways in accordance with 4.3.6.5 b). To be included in accordance with 4.3.6.6 b). To be included in accordance with 4.3.6.6 a). One or more, up to a maximum of three groups, in accordance with 4.4.2.7 a), 4.8.1.1 and Appendix 5, 2.2.4.2. To be included whenever applicable; no qualifier for moderate intensity in accordance with 4.4.2.6. Precipitation types listed under 4.4.2.3 a) may be combined in accordance with 4.4.2.7 c) and Appendix 5, 2.2.4.2. Only modarate or heavy precipitation to be indicated in trend forecasst in accordance with Appendix 5, 2.2.4.2. Up to four cloud layers in accordance with 4.5.4.2 e). To be included in accordance with 4.8.1.5 a). To be included in accordance with 4.8.1.5 b). To be included in accordance with Chapter 6, 6.3.2. Number of change indicators to be kept to a minimum in accordance with Appendix 5, 2.2.1, normally not exceeding three groups.
14 15 16 17 18
Table A3-3 - Use of change indicators in trend forecast Change Indicator NOSIG BECMG Time Indicator and Period Meaning No significant changes are forecast FMn1 n1 n1 n1 TLn2 n2 n2 n2 the change is commence at n1 n1 n1 n1 UTC and forecast to be completed by n2 n2 n2 n2 UTC TLnnnn commence at the beginning of the trend forecast period and be completed by nnnn UTC FMnnnn commence at nnnn UTC and be completed by the end of the trend forecast period ATnnnn occur at nnnn UTC (specified time) a. commence at the beginning of the trend forecast period and be completed by the end of the trend forecast period; or b. the time is uncertain FMn1 n1 n1 n1 TLn2 n2 n2 n2 temporary commence at n1 n1 n1 n1 UTC and fluctuations are cease by n2 n2 n2 n2 UTC forecast to TLnnnn commence at the beginning of the trend forecast period and cease by nnnn UTC FMnnnn commence at nnnn UTC and cease by the end of the trend forecast period commence at the beginning of the trend forecast period and cease by the end of the trend forecast period
TEMPO
Tables A3-4. Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in local reports Elements as specified in Chapter 4 Runway Wind direction Wind speed Visibility Range 01 - 36 010 - 360 1 - 3991 1 - 1991 0 - 800 800 - 5000 5 - 10 Resolution 1 10 1 1 50 100 1
true KMH KT M M KM
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Tables A3-4. Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in local reports (continued) Elements as specified in Chapter 4 RVR M M M M FT M FT C hPa Range 0 - 400 400 - 800 800 - 2000 0 - 600 0 - 2000 0 - 3000 0 - 10000 - 80 - + 60 0500 - 1100 Resolution 25 50 100 30 100 30 100 1 1
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Vertical Visibility Clouds: height of cloud base Air temperature Dew-point temperature QNH; QFE
1
There is no aeronautical requirement to report surface wind speeds of 200 km/h (100 kt) or more; however, provision has been made for reporting wind speeds up to 399 km/h (199 kt) for non-aeronautical purposes, as necessary.
Table A3-5. Ranges and resolutions for the numerial elements included in METAR and SPECI Element as specified in Chapter 4 Runway Wind direction Wind speed Visibility no units true KMH KT M M M M M M M 30s M (100s FT) 30s M (100s FT) C hPa C (no units) (no units) (no units) (no units) (no units) (no units) Range 01 - 36 000 - 360 00-3991 00 - 1991 0000 - 0800 0800 - 5000 5000 - 9000 9000 - 9999 0000 - 0400 0400 - 0800 0800 - 2000 000 - 020 000 - 100 -80 - +60 0850 - 1100 -10 - +40 0 - 9 01 - 36; 88; 99 0 - 9 1; 2; 5; 9 00 - 90; 92 - 99 00 - 95; 99 Resolution 1 10 1 1 50 100 1000 999 25 50 100 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
RVR
Vertical visibility Clouds: height of cloud base Air temperature; Dew-point temperature QNH Sea-surface temperature State of the sea State of the runway: Runway designator Runway deposits Extent of runway contamination Depth of deposit Friction coefficient/ braking action
1
There is no aeronautical requirement to report surface wind speeds of 200 km/h (100 kt) or more; however, provision has been made for reporting wind speeds up to 399 km/h (199 kt) for non-aeronautical purposes, as necessary.
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Example A3-1 Routine report a. Local routine report (same location and weather conditions as METAR): MET REPORT YUDO 221630Z WIND 240/15KMH VIS 600M RVR RWY 12 TDZ 1I000M MOD DZ FG CLD SCT 300M OVC 600M T17 DP16 QNH 1018 HPA TREND BECMG TL1700 VIS 800M FG BECMG AT1800 VIS 10KM NSW b. METAR for YUDO (Donlon/International): 1 METAR YUDO 221630Z 24015KMH 0600 R12/1000U DZ FG SCT010 OVC020 17/16 Q1018 BECMG TL1700 0800 FG BECMG AT 1800 9999 NSW Meaning of both reports: Routine report for Donlon/International 1 issued on the 22nd of the month at 1630 UTC; surface wind direction 240 degrees; wind speed 15 kilometres per hour; visibility (along the runway(s) in the local routine report; prevailing visibility in METAR) 600 metres; runway visual range representative of the touchdown zone for runway 12 is 1000 metres and the runway visual range values have shown an upward tendency during previous 10 minutes (RVR tendency to be included in METAR only); and moderate drizzle and fog; scattered cloud at 300 metres; overcast at 600 metres; air temperature 17 degrees Celsius; dew-point temperature 16 degrees Celsius; QNH 1018 hectopascals; trend during next 2 hours, visibility (along the runway(s) in the local routine report; prevailing visibility in METAR) becoming 800 metres in fog by 1700 UTC; at 1800 UTC visibility (along the runway(s) in the local routine report; prevailing visibility in METAR) becoming 10 kilometres or more and nil significant weather. NOTE: In this example, the primary units "kilometre per hour" and "metre" were used for wind speed and height of cloud base, respectively. However, in accordance with Annex 5, the corresponding non-SI alternative units "knot" and "foot" may be used instead.
1
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Fictitious location
Example A3-2 Special report a. Local special report (same location and weather conditions as SPECI): SPECIAL YUDO 151115Z WIND 050/25KT MAX37 MNM10 VIS 1200M RVR RWY 05 ABV 1800M HVY TSRA CLD BKN CB 500FT T25 DP22 QNH 1008 HPA TREND TEMPO TL1200 VIS 600M BECMG AT1200 VIS 8KM NSW NSC. b. SPECI for YUDO (Donlon/International1 ): SPECI YUDO 151115Z 05025G37KT 3000 1200NE+TSRA BKNO05CB 25/22 Q1008 TEMPO TL1200 0600 BECMG AT1200 8000 NSW NSC Meaning of both reports: Selected special report for Donlon/International 1 issued on the 15th of the month at 1115 UTC; surface wind direction 050 degrees; wind speed 25 knots gusting between 10 and 37 knots (minimum wind speed not to be included in SPECI) visibility 1200 metres (along the runway(s) in the local special report); prevailing visibility 3000 metres (in SPECI) with minimum visibility 1200 metres to north east (directional variations to be included in SPECI only); RVR above 1800 metres on runway 05 (RVR not required in SPECI with prevailing visibility of 3000 metres); thunderstorm with heavy rain; broken cumulonimbus cloud at 500 feet; air temperature 25 degrees Celsius; dew-point temperature 22 degrees Celsius; QNH 1008 hectopascals; trend during next 2 hours, visibility (along the runway(s) in the local special report; prevailing visibility in SPECI) temporarily 600 metres from 1115 to 1200, becoming at 1200 UTC visibility (along the runway(s) in the local special report; prevailing visibility in SPECI) 8 kilometres, thunderstorm ceases and nil significant weather and nil significant cloud. NOTE: In this example, the non-SI alternative units "knot" and foot" were used for wind speed and height of cloud base, respectively However, in accordance with Annex 5, the corresponding primary units "kilometre per hour" and "metre" may be used instead.
1
Fictitious location
Example A3-3 Volcanic activity report VOLCANIC ACTIVITY REPORT YUSB 1 231500 MT TROJEEN1 VOLCANO N5605 W12652 ERUPTED 231445 LARGE ASH CLOUD EXTENDING TO APPROX 30000 FEET MOVING SW Meaning: Volcanic activity report issued by Siby/Bistock meteorological station at 1500 UTC on the 23rd of the month. Mt. Trojeen volcano 56 degrees 5 minutes north 126 degrees 52 minutes west erupted at 1445 UTC on the 23rd; a large ash cloud was observed extending to approximately 30 000 feet and moving in a south-westerly direction.
1
Fictitious location
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION / AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS - ANNEX 3

Appendix 4. Technical Specifications related to Aircraft Observations and Reports (See Chapter 5 of this Annex) Level Time Data block 2 Wind direction Wind speed Wind quality flag Temperature Turbulence (if available) Humidity (if available) Data block 3 Condition prompting the issuance of a special air-report (one condition to be selected from the list presented in Table A4-2) NOTE 1: The requirements of special air-reports may be met by the data link fight information service (D-FIS) application entitled "Special air-report service". The details of this data link application are specified in Doc 9694. NOTE 2: In the case of a special air-report of pre-eruption volcanic activity, volcanic eruption or volcanic ash cloud, additional requirements are indicated in 4.2.
1. CONTENTS OF AIR-REPORTS
1.1 ROUTINE AIR-REPORTS BY AIR-GROUND DATA LINK
1.1.1 When air-ground data link is used and automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) or SSR Mode S is being applied, the elements contained in routine air-reports shall be Message type designator Aircraft identification Data block 1 Latitude Longitude Level Time Data block 2 Wind direction Wind speed Wind quality flag Temperature Turbulence (if available) Humidity (if available) NOTE: When ADS or SSR Mode S is being applied, the requirements of routine air-reports may be met by the combination of the basic ADS/SSR Mode S data block (data block 1) and the meteorological information data block (data block 2), available from ADS or SSR Mode S reports. The ADS message format is specified in the PANS-ATM (Doc 4444), 4.11.4 and Chapter 13 and the SSR Mode S message format is specified in Annex 10, Volume III, Part I - Digital Data Communication Systems, Chapter 5. 1.1.2 When air-ground data link is used while ADS and SSR Mode S are not being applied, the elements contained in routine reports shall be in accordance with routine air-reports by voice communication. NOTE: When air-ground data link is used while ADS and SSR Mode S are not being applied, the requirements of routine air-reports may be met by the controller pilot data link communication (CPDLC) application entitled "Position report". The details of this data link application are specified in the Manual of Air Traffic Services Data Link Applications (Doc 9694) and in Annex 10, Volume III, Part I.
1.3
ROUTINE AIR-REPORTS BY VOICE COMMUNICATIONS
When voice communications are used, the elements contained in routine air-reports shall be: Message type designator Section 1 (Position information): Aircraft identification Position or latitude and longitude Time Flight level or altitude Next position and time over Ensuing significant point Section 2 (Operational information): Estimated time of arrival Endurance Section 3 (Meteorological information): Air temperature Wind direction Wind speed Turbulence Aircraft icing Humidity (if available)
1.4
1.2
SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS BY AIR-GROUND DATA LINK
SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS BY VOICE COMMUNICATIONS
When air-ground data link is used, the elements contained in special air-reports shall be: Message type designator Aircraft identification Data block 1 Latitude Longitude
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When voice communications are used, the elements contained in special air-reports shall be: Message type designator Section 1 (Position information): Aircraft identification Position or latitude and longitude Time Flight level or altitude
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Section 3 (Meteorological information): Condition prompting the issuance of a special air-report, to be slelected from the list presented in Tabe A4-2 NOTE 1: Air-reports are considered routine by default. The message type designator for special air-reports is specified in the PANS-ATM (Doc 4444), Appendix 1. NOTE 2: In the case of a special air-report of pre-eruption volcanic activity, volcanic eruption or volcanic ash cloud, additional requirements are indicated in 4.2. the average and peak value of turbulence, together with the time of occurrence of the peak value to the nearest minute, shall be observed. The average and peak values shall be reported in terms of the cube root of EDR. The time of occurrence of the peak value shall be reported as indicated in Table A4-1. The turbulence shall be reported during the climb-out phase for the first 10 minutes of the flight and shall refer to the 30-second period immediately preceding the observation. The peak value of turbulence shall be observed. 2.6.2 Interpretation of the turbulence report Turbulence shall be considered: a. severe when the peak value of the cube root of EDR exceeds 0.7; b. moderate when the peak value of the cube root of EDR is above 0.4 and below or equal to 0.7; c. light when the peak value of the cube root of EDR is above 0.1 and below or equal 0.4; d. nil when the peak value of the cube root of EDR is below or equal to 0.1. NOTE: The EDR is an aircraft-independent measure of turbulence. However, the relationship between the EDR value and the perception of turbulence is a function of aircraft type, and the mass, altitude, configuration and airspeed of the aircraft. The EDR values given above describe the severity levels for a medium-sized transport aircraft under typical en-route conditions (i.e. altitude, airspeed and weight). 2.6.3 Special air-reports Special air-reports on turbulence shall be made during any phase of the flight whenever the peak value of the cube root of EDR exceeds 0.7. The special air-report on turbulence shall be made with reference to the 1 minute period immediately preceding the observation. Both the average and peak value of turbulence shall be observed. The average and peak values shall be reported in terms of the cube root of EDR. Special air-reports shall be issued every minute until such time as the peak values of the cube root of EDR fall below 0.7.
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2. CRITERIA FOR REPORTING

2.1 When air-ground data link is used, the wind direction, wind speed, wind quality flag, temperature, turbulence and humidity included in air-reports shall be reported in accordance with the following criteria.
2.2
WIND DIRECTION
The wind direction shall be reported in terms of degrees true, rounded to the nearest whole degree.
2.3
WIND SPEED
The wind speed shall be reported in kilometres per hour or knots, rounded to the nearest 2 km/h (1 knot). The units used shall be indicated.
2.4
WIND QUALITY FLAG
The wind quality flag shall be reported as 0 when the roll angle is less than 5 degrees and as 1 when the roll angle is 5 degrees or more.
2.5
TEMPERATURE
The temperature shall be reported to the nearest tenth of a degree Celsius.
2.6
TURBULENCE
The turbulence shall be reported in terms of the cube root of the eddy dissipation rate (EDR). 2.6.1 Routine air-reports The turbulence shall be reported during the en-route phase of the flight and shall refer to the 15-minute period immediately preceding the observation. Both
Table A4-1. Time of occurrence of the peak value to be reported Peak value of turbulence occurring during the one-minute period ....... minutes prior to the observation 0 - 1 1 - 2 2 - 3 ... 13 - 14 14 - 15 No timing information available Value to be reported 0 1 2 ... 13 14 15
Table A4-2. Template for the special air-report (downlink) Key: M C = = inclusion mandatory, part of every message inclusion conditional; included whenever available
NOTE: Message to be prompted by the pilot-in-command. Currently only the condition "SEV TURB" can be automated (see 2.6.3).
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Element as specified in Chapter 5 Detailed content Message type designator (M) Type of the air-report (M) Aircraft identification (M) Aircraft radiotelephony call sign (M) DATA BLOCK 1 Latitude (M) Latitude in degrees and minutes (M) Longitude in degrees and Longitude (M) minutes (M) Level (M) Flight level (M) Time (M) Time of occurrence in hours and minutes (M) DATA BLOCK 2 Wind direction (M) Wind direction in degrees (M) Wind speed in kilometres per Wind speed (M) hour (or knots) (M) Wind quality flag (M) Temperature (M) Turbulence (C) Wind quality flag (M) Air temperature in tenths of degrees C (M) Turbulence in hundredths of m2/3 s-1 and the time of occurrence of the peak value (C)1 Relative humidity in per cent (C) Template(s) ARS nnnnnn Examples ARS VA812
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Nnnnn or Snnnn Wnnnnn or Ennnnn FLnnn OBS AT nnnnZ
S4506 E01056 FL330 OBS AT 1216Z
nnn/ nnnKMH (or nnnKT) n T[M]nnn EDRnnn/nn
262/ 158KMH (079KT) 1 T127 TM455 EDR064/08
Humidity (C) DATA BLOCK 3 Condition prompting the issuance of a special air-report (M)
RHnnn
RH054
SEV TURB [EDRnnn]2 SEV TURB EDR076 or VA CLD FL050/100 SEV ICE or SEV MTW or TS GR3 or TS3 or HVY SS4 or VA CLD [FL nnn/nnn] or VA5 [MT nnnnnnnnnn nnnnnnnnnn]
1 2 3 4 5
The time of occurrence to be reported in accordance with Tables A4-1. The turbulence index to be reported in accordance with 2.6.3. Obscured, embedded or widespread thunderstorms or thunderstorms in squall lines. Duststorm or sandstorm. Pre-eruption volcanic activity or a volcanic eruption.
Table A4-3. Ranges and resolutions for the meteorological elements included in air-reports Element as specified in Chapter 5 true Wind direction: Wind speed: KMH KT Wind quality flag: (index)1 Temperature: C m2/3 s-1 Turbulence: routine air-report: (time of occurrence)1 m2/3 s-1 Turbulence: special air-report: Humidity:
1
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Range 000 - 360 00 - 500 00 - 250 0-1 -80 - +60 0-2 0 - 15 0-2 0 - 100
Resolution 1 2 1 1 0.1 0.01 1 0.01 1
Non-dimensional
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Appendix 5. Technical Specifications related to forecasts (See Chapter 6 of this Annex.) moderate or heavy precipitation (including showers thereof) low drifting dust, sand or snow blowing dust, sand or snow duststorm sandstorm thunderstorm (with or without precipitation) squall funnel cloud (tornado or waterspout) other weather phenomena given in Appendix 3, 4.4.2.3 only if they are expected to cause a significant change in visibility. The expected end of occurrence of those phenomena should be indicated by the abbreviation NSW. 1.2.4 Cloud Recommendation. - Cloud amount should be forecast using the abbreviations FEW, SCT, BKN or OVC as necessary. When it is expected that the sky will remain or become obscured and clouds cannot be forecast and information on vertical visibility is available at the aerodrome, the vertical visibility should be forecast in the form VV followed by the forecast value of the vertical visibility. When several layers or masses of cloud are forecast, their amount and height of base should be included in the following order: a) the lowest layer or mass regardless of amount, to be forecast as FEW, SCT, BKN or OVC as appropriate; b) the next layer or mass covering more than 2/8, to be forecast as SCT, BKN or OVC as appropriate; c) the next higher layer or mass covering more than 4/8, to be forecast as BKN or OVC as appropriate; and d) cumulonimbus clouds, whenever forecast and not already included under a) to c). Cloud information should be limited to cloud of operational significance, when no cloud of operational significance is forecast, and "CAVOK" is not appropriate, the abbreviation "NSC" should be used. 1.2.5 Temperature Recommendation. - When forecast temperatures are included in accordance with regional air navigation agreement, the maximum and minimum temperatures expected to occur during the period of validity of the TAF should be given, together with their corresponding times of occurrence.
1. CRITERIA RELATED TO TAF

1.1 TAF FORMAT
1.1.1 TAF shall be issued in accordance with the template shown in Table A5-1 and disseminated in the TAF code form prescribed by the World Meteorological Organization. NOTE: The TAF code form is contained in WMO Publication No. 306, Manual on Codes, Volume I.1, Part A - Alphanumeric Codes. 1.1.2 Recommendation - TAF should be disseminated, under bilateral agreements between States in a position to do so, in the WMO BUFR code form, in addition to the dissemination of the TAF in accordance with 1.1.1. NOTE: The BUFR code form is contained in WMO Publication No. 306, Manual on Codes, Volume I.2, Part B - Binary Codes.
1.2
INCLUSION OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS IN TAF
NOTE: Guidance on operationally desirable accuracy of forecasts is given in Attachment B. 1.2.1 Surface wind Recommendation. - In forecasting surface wind, the expected prevailing direction should be given. When it is not possible to forecast a prevailing surface wind direction due to its expected variability, for example, during light wind conditions (less than 6 km/h (3 kt) or thunderstorms, the forecast wind direction should be indicated as variable using VRB. When the wind is forecast to be less than 2 km/h (1 kt) the forecast wind speed should be indicated as calm. When the forecast maximum speed (gust) exceeds the forecast mean wind speed by 20 km/h (10kt) or more, the forecast maximum wind speed should be indicated. When a wind speed of 200 km/h (100kt) or more is forecast, it should be indicated to be more than 199 km/h (99kt). 1.2.2 Visibility Recommendation. - When the visibility is forecast to be less than 800 m it should be expressed in steps of 50 m; when it is forecast to be 800 m or more but less than 5 km, in steps of 100 m; 5 km or more but less than 10 km in kilometre steps and when it is forecast to be 10 km, or more it should be expressed as 10 km, except when conditions of CAVOK are forecast to apply. The prevailing visibility should be forecast. When visibility is forecast to vary in different directions and the prevailing visibility cannot be forecast, the lowest forecast visibility should be given. 1.2.3 Weather phenomena Recommendation. - One or more, up to a maximum of three, of the following weather phenomena or combinations thereof together with their characteristics and, where appropriate, intensity should be forecast if they are expected to occur at the aerodrome: freezing precipitation freezing fog
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1.3
USE OF CHANGE GROUPS
1.3.1 Recommendation. - The criteria used for the inclusion of change groups in TAF or for the amendment of TAF should be based on the following: a. when the mean surface wind direction is forecast to change by 60 or more, the mean speed before and/or after the change being 20 km/h (10 kt) or more; b. when the mean surface wind speed is forecast to change by 20 km/h (10 kt) or more;
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c. when the variation from the mean surface wind speed (gusts) is forecast to increase by 20 km/h (10 kt) or more, the mean speed before and/or after the change being 30 km/h (15 kt) or more; d. when the surface wind is forecast to change through values of operational significance. The threshold values should be established by the meteorological authority in consultation with the appropriate ATS authority and operators concerned, taking into account changes in the wind which would: 1. require a change in runway(s) in use; and 2. indicate that the runway tailwind and crosswind components will change through values representing the main operating limits for typical aircraft operating at the aerodrome; e. when the visibility is forecast to improve and change to or pass through one or more of the following values, or when the visibility is forecast to deteriorate and pass through one or more of the following values: 1. 150, 350, 600, 800, 1500 or 3000 m; or 2. 5000 m in cases where significant numbers of flights are operated in accordance with the visual flight rules; f. when any of the following weather phenomena or combinations thereof are forecast to begin or end or change in intensity: freezing precipitation moderate or heavy precipitation (including showers thereof) thunderstorm (with precipitation) duststorm sandstorm g. when any of the following weather phenomena or combinations thereof are forecast to begin or end: ice crystals freezing fog low drifting dust, sand or snow blowing dust, sand or snow thunderstorm (without precipitation) squall funnel cloud (tornado or waterspout); h. when the height of base of the lowest layer or mass of cloud of BKN or OVC extent is forecast to lift and change to or pass through one or more of the following values, or when the height of the lowest layer or mass of cloud of BKN or OVC extent is forecast to lower and pass through one or more of the following values: 1. 30, 60, 150 or 300 m (100, 200, 500 or 1000 ft); or 2. 450 m (1500 ft), in cases where significant numbers of flights are operated in accordance with the visual flight rules; i. when the amount of a layer or mass of cloud below 450 m (1500 ft) is forecast to change:
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1. from NSC, FEW or SCT to BKN or OVC; or 2. from BKN or OVC to NSC, FEW or SCT; j. when the vertical visibility is forecast to improve and change to or pass through one or more of the following values, or when the vertical visibility is forecast to deteriorate and pass through one or more of the following values: 30, 60, 150 or 300 m (100, 200, 500 or 1000 ft); and k. any other criteria based on local aerodrome operating minima, as agreed between the meteorological authority and the operators. 1.3.2 Recommendation. - When a change in any of the elements given in Chapter 6, 6.2.3 is required to be indicated in accordance with the criteria given in 1.3.1, the change indicators BECMG or TEMPO should be used followed by the time period during which the change is expected to occur. The time period should be indicated as the beginning and end of the period in whole hours UTC. Only those elements for which a significant change is expected should be included following a change indicator. However, in the case of significant changes in respect of cloud, all cloud groups, including layers or masses not expected to change, should be indicated. 1.3.3 Recommendation. - The change indicator BECMG and the associated time group should be used to describe changes where the meteorological conditions are expected to reach or pass through specified threshold values at a regular or irregular rate and at an unspecified time during the time period. The time period should normally not exceed 2 hours but in any case should not exceed 4 hours. 1.3.4 Recommendation. - The change indicator TEMPO and the associated time group should be used to describe expected frequent or infrequent temporary fluctuations in the meteorological conditions which reach or pass specified threshold values and last for a period of less than one hour in each instance and, in the aggregate, cover less than one-half of the forecast period during which the fluctuations are expected to occur. If the temporary fluctuation is expected to last one hour or longer, the change group BECMG should be used in accordance with 1.3.3 or the validity period should be subdivided in accordance with 1.3.5. 1.3.5 Recommendation. - Where one set of prevailing weather conditions is expected to change significantly and more or less completely to a different set of conditions, the period of validity should be subdivided into self-contained periods using the abbreviation FM followed immediately by a four-figure time group in whole hours and minutes UTC indicating the time the change is expected to occur. The subdivided period following the abbreviation FM should be self-contained and all forecast conditions given before the abbreviation should be superseded by those following the abbreviation.
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visibility shall also be indicated. When no change is expected to occur, this shall be indicated by the term NOSIG. 2.2.2 Surface wind The trend forecast shall indicate changes in the surface wind which involve: a. a change in the mean wind direction of 60 or more, the mean speed before and/or after the change being 20 km/h (10 kt) or more; b. a change in mean wind speed of 20 km/h (10 kt) or more; and c. changes in the wind through values of operational significance. The threshold values shall be established by the meteorological authority in consultation with the appropriate ATS authority and operators concerned, taking into account changes in the wind which would: 1. require a change in runway(s) in use; and 2. indicate that the runway tailwind and crosswind components will change through values representing the main operating limits for typical aircraft operating at the aerodrome. 2.2.3 Visibility When the visibility is expected to improve and change to or pass through one or more of the following values, or when the visibility is expected to deteriorate and pass through one or more of the following values: 150, 350, 600, 800, 1500 or 3000 m, the trend forecast shall indicate the change. When significant numbers of flights are conducted in accordance with the visual flight rules, the forecast shall additionally indicate changes to or passing through 5000 m. NOTE: In trend forecasts appended to local routine and special reports, visibility refers to the forecast visibility along the runway(s); in trend forecasts appended to METAR and SPECI, visibility refers to the forecast prevailing visibility. 2.2.4 Weather phenomena 2.2.4.1 The trend forecast shall indicate the expected onset, cessation or change in intensity of one or more of the following weather phenomena or combinations thereof: freezing precipitation moderate or heavy precipitation (including showers thereof) thunderstorm (with precipitation) duststorm sandstorm other weather phenomena given in Appendix 3, 4.4.2.3, only if they are expected to cause a significant change in visibility. 2.2.4.2 The trend forecast shall indicate the expected onset or cessation of one or more, up to a maximum of three, of the following weather phenomena or combinations thereof: ice crystals freezing fog low drifting dust, sand or snow
Recommendation. - The probability of occurrence of an alternative value of a forecast element or elements should be indicated, as necessary, by use of the abbreviation PROB followed by the probability in tens of per cent and the time period during which the alternative value(s) is (are) expected to apply. The probability information should be placed after the element or elements forecast and be followed by the alternative value of the element or elements. The probability of a forecast of temporary fluctuations in meteorological conditions should be indicated, as necessary, by use of the abbreviation PROB followed by the probability in tens of per cent, placed before the change indicator TEMPO and associated time group. A probability of an alternative value or change of less than 30 per cent should not be considered sufficiently significant to be indicated. A probability of an alternative value or change of 50 per cent or more, for aviation purposes, should not be considered a probability but instead should be indicated, as necessary, by use of the change indicators BECMG or TEMPO or by subdivision of the validity period using the abbreviation FM. The probability group should not be used to qualify the change indicator BECMG nor the time indicator FM.
1.5
NUMBERS OF CHANGE AND PROBABILITY GROUPS
Recommendation. - The number of change and probability groups should be kept to a minimum and should not normally exceed five groups.
1.6
DISSEMINATION OF TAF
TAF and amendments thereto shall be disseminated to international OPMET data banks and the centres designated by regional air navigation agreement for the operation of aeronautical fixed service satellite distribution systems, in accordance with regional air navigation agreement.
2. CRITERIA RELATED TO TREND FORECASTS

2.1 FORMAT OF TREND FORECASTS
Trend forecasts shall be issued in accordance with the templates shown in Appendix 3, Tables A3-1 and A3-2. The units and scales used in the trend forecast shall be the same as those used in the report to which it is appended. NOTE: Examples of trend forecasts are given in Appendix 3.
2.2
INCLUSION OF METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS IN TREND FORECASTS
2.2.1 General provisions The trend forecast shall indicate significant changes in respect of one or more of the elements: surface wind, visibility, weather and clouds. Only those elements shall be included for which a significant change is expected. However, in the case of significant changes in respect of cloud, all cloud groups, including layers or masses not expected to change, shall be indicated. In the case of a significant change in visibility, the phenomenon causing the reduction of
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blowing dust, sand or snow thunderstorm (with or without precipitation) squall funnel cloud (tornado or waterspout). 2.2.4.3 The total number of phenomena reported in 2.2.4.1 and 2.2.4.2 shall not exceed three. 2.2.4.4 The expected end of occurrence of the weather phenomena shall be indicated by the abbreviation NSW. 2.2.5 Clouds When the height of the base of a cloud layer of BKN or OVC extent is expected to lift and change to or pass through one or more of the following values, or when the height of the base of a cloud layer of BKN or OVC extent is expected to lower and pass through one or more of the following values: 30, 60, 150, 300 and 450 m (100, 200, 500, 1000 and 1500 ft), the trend forecast shall indicate the change. When the height of the base of a cloud layer is below or is expected to fall below or rise above 450 m (1500 ft), the trend forecast shall also indicate changes in cloud amount from SKC, FEW, or SCT increasing to BKN or OVC, or changes from BKN or OVC decreasing to SKC, FEW or SCT. When no cumulonimbus and no cloud below 1500 m (5000 ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, are forecast and CAVOK and SKC are not appropriate, the abbreviation NSC shall be used. 2.2.6 Vertical visibility When the sky is expected to remain or become obscured and vertical visibility observations are available at the aerodrome, and the vertical visibility is forecast to improve and change to or pass through one or more of the following values, or when the vertical visibility is forecast to deteriorate and pass through one or more of the following values: 30, 60, 150 or 300 m (100, 200, 500 or 1000 ft), the trend forecast shall indicate the change. 2.2.7 Additional criteria Criteria for the indication of changes based on local aerodrome operating minima, additional to those specified in 2.2.2 to 2.2.6, shall be used as agreed between the meteorological authority and the operator(s) concerned. abbreviations FM and TL, respectively, with their associated time groups. When the change is forecast to commence at the beginning of the trend forecast period but be completed before the end of that period, the abbreviation FM and its associated time group shall be omitted and only TL and its associated time group shall be used. When the change is forecast to begin during the trend forecast period and be completed at the end of that period, the abbreviation TL and its associated time group shall be omitted and only FM and its associated time group shall be used. When the change is forecast to occur at a specified time during the trend forecast period, the abbreviation AT followed by its associated time group shall be used. When the change is forecast to commence at the beginning of the trend forecast period and be completed by the end of that period or when the change is forecast to occur within the trend forecast period but the time is uncertain, the abbreviations FM, TL or AT and their associated time groups shall be omitted and the change indicator BECMG shall be used alone. 2.3.3 The change indicator TEMPO shall be used to describe forecast temporary fluctuations in the meteorological conditions which reach or pass specified values and last for a period of less than one hour in each instance and, in the aggregate, cover less than one-half of the period during which the fluctuations are forecast to occur. The period during which the temporary fluctuations are forecast to occur shall be indicated, using the abbreviations FM and/or TL, as appropriate, each followed by a time group in hours and minutes. When the period of temporary fluctuations in the meteorological conditions is forecast to begin and end wholly within the trend forecast period, the beginning and end of the period of temporary fluctuations shall be indicated by using the abbreviations FM and TL, respectively, with their associated time groups. When the period of temporary fluctuations is forecast to commence at the beginning of the trend forecast period but cease before the end of that period, the abbreviation FM and its associated time group shall be omitted and only TL and its associated time group shall be used. When the period of temporary fluctuations is forecast to begin during the trend forecast period and cease by the end of that period, the abbreviation TL and its associated time group shall be omitted and only FM and its associated time group shall be used. When the period of temporary fluctuations is forecast to commence at the beginning of the trend forecast period and cease by the end of that period, both abbreviations FM and TL and their associated time groups shall be omitted and the change indicator TEMPO shall be used alone.
2.3
USE OF CHANGE GROUPS
2.3.1 When a change is expected to occur, the trend forecast shall begin with one of the change indicators BECMG or TEMPO. 2.3.2 The change indicator BECMG shall be used to describe forecast changes where the meteorological conditions arc expected to reach or pass through specified values at a regular or irregular rate. The period during which, or the time at which, the change is forecast to occur shall be indicated, using the abbreviations FM, TL, or AT, as appropriate, each followed by a time group in hours and minutes. When the change is forecast to begin and end wholly within the trend forecast period, the beginning and end of the change shall be indicated by using the
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2.4
USE OF THE PROBABILITY INDICATOR
The indicator PROB shall not be used in trend forecasts.
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3. CRITERIA RELATED TO FORECASTS FOR TAKE-OFF

3.1 FORMAT OF FORECASTS FOR TAKE-OFF
NOTE: Specifications regarding the issuance of AIRMET information amending the area forecast in respect of weather phenomena hazardous for low-level flights are given in Appendix 6.
Recommendation. - The format of the forecast should be as agreed between the meteorological authority and the operator concerned. The order of the elements and the terminology, units and scales used in forecasts for take-off should be the same as those used in reports for the same aerodrome.
4.3
CONTENT OF AREA FORECASTS FOR LOW-LEVEL FLIGHTS IN CHART FORM
3.2
AMENDMENTS TO FORECASTS FOR TAKE-OFF
Recommendation. - The criteria for the issuance of amendments for forecasts for take-off for surface wind direction and speed, temperature and pressure and any other elements agreed locally should be agreed between the meteorological authority and the operators concerned. The criteria should be consistent with the corresponding criteria for special reports established for the aerodrome in accordance with Appendix 3, 2.3.1.
4.3.1 When chart form is used for area forecasts for low-level flights, the forecast of upper wind and upper-air temperature shall be issued for points separated by no more than 500km (300NM) and for at least the following altitudes: 600, 1500 and 3000m (2000, 5000 and 10000ft), and 4500m (15000ft) in mountainous areas. 4.3.2 When chart form is used for area forecasts for low-level flights, the forecast of SIGWX phenomena shall be issued as low-level SIGWX forecast for flight levels up to 100 (or up to flight level 150 in mountainous areas, or higher, where necessary). Low-level SIGWX forecasts shall include the following items: a. the phenomena warranting the issuance of a SIGMET as given in Appendix 6 and which are expected to affect low-level flights; and b. the elements in area forecasts for low-level flights as given in Table A5-4 except elements concerning: 1. upper winds and temperatures; and 2. forecast QNH. NOTE: Guidance on the use of terms "ISOL", "OCNL" and "FRQ" referring to cumulonimbus and towering cumulus clouds, and thunderstorms is given in Appendix 6.
4. CRITERIA RELATED TO AREA FORECASTS FOR LOW-LEVEL FLIGHTS

4.1 FORMAT AND CONTENT OF GAMET AREA FORECASTS
When prepared in GAMET format, area forecasts shall contain two sections: Section I related to information on en-route weather phenomena hazardous to low-level flights, prepared in support of the issuance of AIRMET information, and Section II related to additional information required by low-level flights. The content and order of elements in a GAMET area forecast, when prepared, shall be in accordance with the template shown in Table A5-4. Additional elements in Section II shall be included in accordance with regional air navigation agreement. Elements which are already covered by a SIGMET message shall be omitted from GAMET area forecasts.
4.4
EXCHANGE OF AREA FORECASTS FOR LOW-LEVEL FLIGHTS
Area forecasts for low-level flights prepared in support of the issuance of AIRMET information shall be exchanged between meteorological offices responsible for the issuance of flight documentation for low-level flights in the flight information regions concerned.
4.2
AMENDMENTS TO GAMET AREA FORECASTS
When a weather phenomenon hazardous to low-level flights has been included in the GAMET area forecast and the phenomenon forecast does not occur, or is no longer forecast, a GAMET AMD shall be issued, amending only the weather element concerned. Table A5-1. Template for TAF Key: M C O = = = inclusion mandatory, part of every message inclusion conditional, dependent on meteorological condition or method of Observation inclusion optional
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in TAF are shown in Table A5-3 of this appendix. NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations used can be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC, Doc 8400).
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Element as specified in Chapter 6 Identification of the type of forecast (M) Location indicator (M) Time of issue of forecast (M) Identification of a missing forecast (C) END OF TAF IF Day and period of validity of forecast (M) Identification of a cancelled forecast (C) END OF TAF IF Surface wind (M)
Detailed content Type of forecast (M)
Template(s) TAF or TAF AMD or TAF COR
Examples TAF TAF AMD YUDO1 160000Z
ICAO location indicator nnnn (M) Day and time of issue nnnnnnZ of the forecast in UTC (M) NIL Missing forecast identifier (C) THE FORECAST IS MISSING Day and period of the nnnn/nnnn validity of the forecast in UTC (M) Cancelled forecast CNL identifier (C) THE FORECAST IS CANCELLED. nnn or VRB2 Wind direction (M)
NIL
1606/1624 0812/0918 CNL
Wind speed (M)
[P]nn[n]
Significant speed G[P]nn[n] variations (C)3 Units of measurement KMH (or KT) (M) Visibility (M) Prevailing visibility (M) nnnn C A V O K
24015KMH; VRB04KMH (24008KT); (VRB02KT) 19022KMH (19011KT) 00000KMH (00000KT) 140P199KMH (140P99KT) 12012G35KMH (12006G18KT) 24032G54KMH (24016G27KT) 0350 CAVOK 7000 9000 9999
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Element as specified in Chapter 6 Weather (C)4, 5
Detailed content Intensity of weather phenomena (C)6 Characteristics and type of weather phenomena (C)7
- or +
Template(s) -
Examples
DZ or RA or SN or SG or PL or DS or SS or FZDZ or FZRA or SHGR or SHGS or SHRA or SHSN or TSGR or TSGS or TSRA or TSSN
Cloud (M)8
Cloud amount and height of base or vertical visibility (M) Cloud type (C)4 Name of the element (M) Maximum temperature (M) Time of occurrence of the maximum temperature (M) Name of the element (M) Minimum temperature (M) Time of occurrence of the minimum temperature (M)
IC or FG or BR or SA or DU or HZ or FU or VA or SQ or PO or FC or TS or BCFG or BLDU or BLSA or BLSN or DRDU or DRSA or DRSN or FZFG or MIFG or PRFG FEWnnn or VVnnn NSC SCTnnn or or BKNnnn or VV/// OVCnnn CB TX [M]nn/ nnnnZ
RA +TSRA -FZDZ PRFG +TSRASN SNRA FG
HZ FG
FEW010 VV005 OVC020 VV/// SCT005 BKN012
NSC
Temperature (O)9
SCT008 BKN025CB TX25/1013Z TN09/1005Z TX05/2112Z TNM02/2103Z
TN [M]nn/ nnnnZ
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Element as specified in Chapter 6 Expected significant changes to one or more of the above elements during the period of validity (C)4, 10
Detailed content Change or probability indicator (M) Period of occurrence or change (M) Wind (C)4
Template(s) PROB30 [TEMPO] or PROB40 [TEMPO] or BECMG or TEMPO or FM nnnn/nnnn nnn[P]nn[n][G[P]nn[n]]KMH or VRBnnKMH (or nnn[P]nn[G[P]nn]KT or VRBnnKT)
Examples
Prevailing visibility (C)4 nnnn
C A V O K NSW
TEMPO 0815/0818 25070G100KMH (TEMPO 0815/0818 25035G50KT) TEMPO 2212/2214 17025G50KMH 1000 TSRA SCT010CB BKN020 (TEMPO 2212/2214 17012G25KT 1000 TSRA SCT010CB BKN020) BECMG 3010/3011 00000KMH 2400 OVC010 (BECMG 3010/3011 00000KT 2400 OVC010) PROB30 1412/1414 0800 FG BECMG 1412/1414 RA TEMPO 2503/2504 FZRA TEMPO 0612/0615 BLSN PROB40 TEMPO 2923/3001 0500 FG
Weather phenomenon: - or + intensity (C)6
Weather phenomenon: DZ or RA or characteristics and SN or SG type (C) 4, 7 or PL or DS or
IC or FG or BR or SA or DU or HZ or
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Element as specified in Chapter 6
Detailed content
SS or FZDZ or FZRA or SHGR or SHGS or SHRA or SHSN or TSGR or TSGS or TSRA or TSSN
Cloud amount and height of base or vertical visibility (C)4 Cloud type (C)4
Template(s) FU or VA or SQ or PO or FC or TS or BCFG or BLDU or BLSA or BLSN or DRDU or DRSA or DRSN or FZFG or MIFG or PRFG FEWnnn or VVnnn NSC SCTnnn or or VV/// BKNnnn or OVCnnn CB
Examples
FM051230 15015KMH 9999 BKN020 (FM051230 15008KT 9999 BKN020) BECMG 1618/1620 8000 NSW NSC BECMG 2306/2308 SCT015CB BKN020
NOTE: 1. Fictitious location. 2. To be used in accordance with 1.2.1. 3. To be included in accordance with 1.2.1. 4. To be included whenever applicable. 5. One or more, up to a maximum of three, groups in accordance with 1.2.3.
6. To be included whenever applicable in accordance with 1.2.3. No qualifier for moderate intensity. 7. Weather phenomena to be included in accordance with 1.2.3. 8. Up to four cloud layers in accordance with 1.2.4. 9. To be included in accordance with 1.2.5. 10. To be included in accordance with 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5.
Table A5-2. Use of change and time indicators in TAF Change or time indicator FM Time period Meaning nd nd nh nh nm used to indicate a significant change in most weather elements nm occurring at nd nd day, nh nh hours and nm nm minutes (UTC); all the elements given before "FM" are to be included following FM (i.e. they are all superseded by those following the abbreviation) nd1 nd1 nh1 nh1 the change is forecast to commence at nd1 nd1 day and nh1 nh1 hours nd2 nd2 nh2 nh2 (UTC) and be completed by nd2 nd2 day and nh2 nh2 hours (UTC); only those elements for which a change is forecast are to be given following BECMG; the time period nd1 nd1 nh1 nh1 /nd2 nd2 nh2 nh2 nh2 should normally be less than 2 hours and in any case should not exceed 4 hours
BECMG
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Table A5-2. Use of change and time indicators in TAF (continued) Change or time indicator TEMPO Time period Meaning nd1 nd1 nh1 nh1 temporary fluctuations are forecast to commence at nd1 nd1 day and nd2 nd2 nh2 nh2 nh1 nh1 hours (UTC) and cease by nd2 nd2 day and nh2 nh2 hours (UTC); only those elements for which fluctuations are forecast are to be given following TEMPO; temporary fluctuations should not last more than one hour in each instance, and in the aggregate, cover less than half of the period nd1 nd1 nh1 nh1 /nd2 nd2 nh2 nh2 nd1 nd1 nh1 nh1 probability of occurrence (in%) of nd2 nd2 nh2 nh2 an alternative value of a forecast element or elements; nn = 30 or nd1 nd1 nh1 nh1 nn = 40 only; to be placed after the probability of occurrence of nd2 nd2 nh2 nh2 element(s) concerned temporary fluctuations
PROBnn
TEMPO
Table A5-3. Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in TAF Element as specified in Chapter 6 true Wind direction: Wind speed: KMH KT Visibility: M M M M Vertical visibility: 30s M (100s FT) 30s M (100s Cloud: height of base: FT) Air temperature (maximum and minimum): C
1
Range 000 - 360 00 - 3991 00 - 1991 0000 - 0800 0800 - 5 000 5 000 - 9 000 9 000 - 9 999 000 - 020 000 - 100 -80 - +60
Resolution 10 1 1 50 100 1 000 999 1 1 1
There is no aeronautical requirement to report surface wind speeds of 200km/h (100kt) or more; however, provision has been made for reporting wind speeds up to 399km/h (199kt) for non-aeronautical purposes, as necessary.
Table A5-4. Template for GAMET Key: M C O = = = = = inclusion mandatory, part of every message inclusion conditional, dependent on meteorological conditions inclusion optional double line indicates that the text following it should be placed on the subsequent line Template nnnn YUCC1 Examples
Element Location indicator of FIR/CTA (M)
Detailed content ICAO location indicator of the ATS unit serving the FIR or CTA to which the GAMET refers (M) Identification Message identification (M) (M) Validity period Day-time groups (M) indicating the period of validity in UTC (M) Location Location indicator of indicator of meteorological office meteorological originating the message office (M) with a separating hyphen (M) Location indicator and Name of the FIR/CTA or part name of the FIR/CTA, or part thereof for which thereof (M) the GAMET is issued (M)
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GAMET VALID nnnnnn/nnnnnn nnnn-
GAMET VALID 220600/221200
YUDO-1
nnnn nnnnnnnnnn FIR[/n] [BLW FLnnn] or nnnn nnnnnnnnnn CTA[/n] [BLW FLnnn]
YUCC AMSWELL FIR/2 BLW FL120 YUCC AMSWELL FIR
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1
Fictitious location
Template Element Indicator for the beginning of Section I (M) Surface wind (C) Detailed content Identifier and time Content SECN I Location SECN I Examples
[n]nn KMH [N of Nnn or Snn] or (or [S of Nnn [n]nn KT) or Snn] or [W of Wnnn or Ennn] or [E of Wnnn or Ennn] or [nnnnnnnn nn]1 SFC VIS: nnnn M FG Surface Widespread surface visibility below 5 000m [nn/nn] or BR visibility (C) including the weather or SA or phenomena causing DU the reduction in visibility or HZ or FU or VA or PO or DS or SS or DZ or RA or SN or SG or IC or FC GR or GS or PL or SQ SIGWX: ISOL TS Significant Significant [nn/nn] weather (C) weather conditions or OCNL encompassing TS thunderstorms and or FRQ TS heavy sandstorm and or OBSC duststorm TS or EMBD TS or HVY DS or HVY SS or SQL TS or ISOL TSGR or OCNL TSGR or FRQ TSGR or OBSC TSGR or EMBD TSGR or SQL TSGR or VA Mountain Mountain obscuration MT OBSC: nnnnnnnn nn1 obscuration (C) [nn/nn]
Indicator to identify the beginning of Section I (M) Widespread surface SFC wind exeeding 60km/h WSPD: (30kt) [nn/nn]
SFC WSPD: 10/12 65 KMH SFC WSPD: 40 KT E OF W110
SFC VIS: 06/08 3000 M BR N of N51
SIGWX: 11/12 ISOL TS SIGWX: 12/14 SS S OF N35
MT OBSC: MT PASSES S OF N48
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Template Identifier Content and time SIG CLD: BKN or OVC [nn/nn] nnn[n]/ nnn[n] M (or nnn[n]/ nnn[n] FT) AGL or AMSL ISOL or OCNL or FRQ or OBSC or EMBD CB2 or TCU2 nnn[n]/ nnn[n] M (or nnn[n]/ nnn[n] FT) AGL or AMSL ICE: MOD [nn/nn] FLnnn/nnn or MOD ABV FLnnn or SEV FLnnn/nnn or SEV ABV FLnnn TURB: MOD [nn/nn] FLnnn/nnn or MOD ABV FLnnn or SEV FLnnn/nnn or SEV ABV FLnnn MTW: MOD [nn/nn] FLnnn/nnn or MOD ABV FLnnn or SEV FLnnn/nnn or SEV ABV FLnnn n[,n] [,n] SIGMET APPLICABLE:
Element Cloud (C)
Detailed content Widespread areas of broken or overcast cloud with height of base less than 300m (1000ft) above ground level (AGL) or above mean sea level (AMSL) and/or any or occurrence of cumulonimbus (CB) or towering cumulus (TCU) clouds
Location
Examples SIG CLD: 06/09 OVC 800/1100 FT AGL N OF N51 10/12 ISOL TCU 1200/8000 FT AGL
Icing (C)
Icing (except for that occurring in convective clouds and for severe icing for which a SIGMET message has already been issued)
ICE: MOD FL050/080
Turbulence (C)
Turbulence (except for that occurring in convective clouds and for severe turbulence for which a SIGMET message has already been issued)
TURB: MOD ABV FL090
Mountain wave Mountain wave (except (C) for severe mountain wave for which a SIGMET message has already been issued)
MTW: MOD ABV FL080 N OF N63
SIGMET (C)
SIGMET messages applicable to the FIR/CTA concerned or a sub-area thereof, for which the area forecast is valid or HAZARDOUS WX NIL (C)3 Indicator for the Indicator to identify the beginning of Section II beginning of (M) Section II (M)
SIGMET APPLICABLE: 3,5
HAZARDOUS WX NIL SECN II
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Template Identifier Content and time Pressure centres Pressure PSYS: [nn] L [n]nnn and fronts and their centres and HPA expected movements fronts (M) or H [n]nnn and developments HPA or FRONT or NIL MOV N or NE or E or SE or S or SW or W or NW nnKMH (nnKT) WKN or NC or INTSF [n]nnn Upper winds and Upper WIND/T: M (or upper-air temperatures winds and [n]nnn FT) temperatures for at least the following altitudes: 600, 1500 nnn/[n]nn (M) KMH (or and 3000m (2000, 5000 and 10000 ft) nnn/[n]nn KT) PSnn or MSnn FEW or Cloud (M) Cloud information not CLD: SCT or [nn/nn] included in Section I BKN or giving type, height of OVC base and top above ground level (AGL) or ST or SC above mean sea level or CU or (AMSL) AS or AC or NS [n]nnn/ [n]nnn M (or [n]nnn/ [n]nnn FT) AGL or AMSL or NIL FZLVL: [ABV] nnnn Freezing level Height indication of FT AGL or (M) 0C level(s) above AMSL ground level (AGL) or above mean sea level (AMSL), if lower than the top of the airspace for which the forecast is supplied [n]nnn HPA Forecast QNH Forecast lowest ONH MNM QNH: (M) during the period of validity SEA: Tnn HGT Sea-surface Sea-surface [n]n M temperature and state temperature and state of sea of the sea if required by regional air navigation (O) agreement nnnnnn VA: Volcanic Name of volcano nnnn or NIL eruptions (M) Element Detailed content
1 2
Location
Examples
Nnnnn or PSYS: 06 L 1004 HPA N5130 Snnnn E01000 MOV NE 25KT WKN Wnnnnn or Ennnnn or Nnnnn or Snnnn Wnnnnn or Ennnnn TO Nnnnn or Snnnn Wnnnnn or Ennnnn
Nnnnn or Snnnn Wnnnnn or Ennnnn or [N of Nnn or Snn] or [S of Nnn or Snn] or [W of Wnnn or Ennn] or [E of Wnnn or Ennn] or [nnnnnnnn nn]1
WIND/T: 2000 FT 270/70 KMH PS03 5000 FT 250/80 KMH MS02 10000 FT 240/85 KMH MS11
CLD: BKN SC 2500/8000 FT AGL
FZLVL: 3000 FT AGL
MNM QNH: 1004 HPA
SEA: T15 HGT 5 M
VA: ETNA
Free text describing well-known geographical locations should be kept to a minimum. The location of the CB and/or TCU should be specified in addition to any widespread areas of broken or overcast cloud as given in the example. When no elements are included in Section I.
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EXAMPLE: A5-1. TAF TAF for YUDO (Donlon/International)1 TAF YUDO 160000Z 1606/1624 13018KMH 9000 BKN020 BECMG 1606/1608 SCT015CB BKN020 TEMPO 1608/1612 17025G45KMH 1000 TSRA SCT010CB BKN020 FM161230 15015KMH 9999 BKN020 Meaning of the forecast: TAF for Donlon/International1 issued on the 16th of the month at 0000 UTC valid from 0600 UTC to 2400 UTC on the 16th of the month; surface wind direction 130 degrees; wind speed 18 kilometres per hour; visibility 9 kilometres, broken cloud at 600 metres; becoming between 0600 UTC and 0800 UTC on the 16th of the month, scattered cumulonimbus cloud at 450 metres and broken cloud at 600 metres; temporarily between 0800 UTC and 1200 UTC on the 16th of the month surface wind direction 170 degrees; wind speed 25 kilometres per hour gusting to 45 kilometres per hour; visibility 1000 metres in a thunderstorm with moderate rain, scattered cumulonimbus cloud at 300 metres and broken cloud at 600 metres; from 1230 UTC on the 16th of the month surface wind direction 150 degrees; wind speed 15 kilometres per hour; visibility 10 kilometres or more; and broken cloud at 600 metres. 1 Fictitious location NOTE: In this example, the primary units "kilometre per hour" and "metre" were used for wind speed and height of cloud base, respectively. However, in accordance with Annex 5, the corresponding non-SI alternative units "knot" and foot" may be used instead. EXAMPLE: A5-2. Cancellation of TAF Cancellation of TAF for YUDO (Donlon/International)1 TAF AMD YUDO 161500Z 1606/1624 CNL Meaning of the forecast: Amended TAF for Donlon/International1 issued on the 16th of the month at 1500 UTC cancelling the previously issued TAF valid from 0600 UTC to 2400 UTC on the 16th of the month. 1 Fictitious location EXAMPLE:
A5-3. GAMET area forecast YUCC GAMET VALID 220600/221200 YUDO AMSWELL FIR/2 BLW FL100 SECN I SFC WSPD: 10/12 65 KMH SFC VIS: 06/08 3000 M BR N OF N51 SIGWX: 11/12 ISOL TS SIG CLD: 06/09 OVC 800/11 00 FT AGL N OF N51 10/12 ISOL TCU 1200/8000 FT AGL ICE: MOD FL050/080 TURB: MOD ABV FL090 3, 5 SIGMETS APPLICABLE: SECN II PSYS: 06 L 1004 HPA N5130 E01000 MOV NE 25 KT WKN WIND/T: 2000 FT 270/70 KMH PS03 5000 FT 250/80 KMH MS02 10000 FT 240/85 KMH MS11 CLD: BKN SC 2500/8000 FT AGL FZLVL: 3000 FT AGL 1004 HPA MNM QNH: SEA: VA: Meaning: T15 HGT 5M NIL An area forecast for low-level flights (GAMET) issued for sub-area two of the Amswell1 flight information region (identified by YUCC Amswell area control centre) for below flight level 100 by the Donlon/International1 meteorological office (YUDO); the message is valid from 0600 UTC to 1200 UTC on the 22nd of the month. between 1000 UTC and 1200 UTC 65 kilometres per hour; between 0600 UTC and 0800 UTC 3000 metres north of 51 degrees north (due to mist); between 1100 UTC and 1200 UTC isolated thunderstorms without hail; between 0600 UTC and 0900 UTC overcast base 800, top 1100 feet above ground level north of 51 degrees north; between 1000 UTC and 1200 UTC isolated towering cumulus base 1200, top 8000 feet above ground level;
Section I: surface wind speeds: surface visibility: significant weather phenomena: significant clouds:
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A5-3. GAMET area forecast (continued) icing: turbulence: SIGMET messages: Section II: pressure systems: winds and temperatures: moderate between flight level 050 and 080; moderate above flight level 090 (at least up to flight level 100); 3 and 5 applicable to the validity period and sub-area concerned. at 0600 UTC low pressure of 1 004 hectopascals at 51.5 degrees north 10.0 degrees east, expected to move north-eastwards at 25 knots and to weaken; at 2 000 feet above ground level wind direction 270 degrees; wind speed 70 kilometres per hour, temperature plus 3 degrees Celsius; at 5 000 feet above ground level wind direction 250 degrees; wind speed 80 kilometres per hour, temperature minus 2 degrees Celsius; at 10 000 feet above ground level wind direction 240 degrees; wind speed 85 kilometres per hour, temperature minus 11 degrees Celsius; broken stratocumulus, base 2500 feet, top 8 000 feet above ground level; 3000 feet above ground level; 1004 hectopascals; surface temperature 15 degrees Celsius; and state of sea 5 metres; nil.
clouds: freezing level: minimum QNH: sea: volcanic ash: 1 Fictitious locations
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC / SIGMET, AIRMET, WSW - ANNEX 3
Appendix 6. Technical Specifications related to Sigmet and Airmet Information, Aerodrome Warnings and Wind Shear Warnings and Alerts (See Chapter 7 of this Annex.) NOTE: Data type designators to be used in abbreviated headings for SIGMET, AIRMET tropical cyclone and volcanic ash advisory messages are given in WMO Publication No. 386, Manual on the Global Telecommunication System. 1.1.2 Messages containing SIGMET information for subsonic aircraft shall be identified as "SIGMET". 1.1.3 The sequence number referred to in the template in Table A6-1 shall correspond with the number of SIGMET messages issued for the flight information region since 0001 UTC on the day concerned. The meteorological watch offices whose area of responsibility encompasses more than one FIR and/or CTA shall issue separate SIGMET messages for each FIR and/or CTA within its area of responsibility. 1.1.4 In accordance with the template in Table A6-1, only one of the following phenomena shall be included in a SIGMET message, using the abbreviations as indicated below:
1. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO SIGMET INFORMATION

1.1 FORMAT OF SIGMET MESSAGES
1.1.1 The content and order of elements in a SIGMET message shall be in accordance with the template shown in Table A6-1. At cruising levels (irrespective of altitude): Thunderstorm obscured embedded frequent squall line obscured with hail embedded with hail frequent, with hail squall line with hail
OBSC TS EMBD TS FRQ TS SQL TS OBSC TSGR EMBD TSGR FRQ TSGR SQL TSGR
Tropical Cyclone tropical cyclone with 10-minute surface wind speed of 63 km/h TC (+ cyclone name) (34 kt) or more Turbulence severe turbulence SEV TURB Icing severe icing SEV ICE icing due to freezing rain SEV ICE (FZRA) Mountain Wave severe mountain wave SEV MTW Duststorm heavy duststorm HVY DS Sandstorm heavy sandstorm HVY SS Volcanic Ash volcanic ash VA (+ volcano name, if known) Radioactive Cloud RDOACT CLD 1.1.5 SIGMET information shall not contain unnecessary descriptive material. In describing the weather phenomena for which the SIGMET is issued, no descriptive material additional to that given in 1.1.4 shall be included. SIGMET information concerning thunderstorms or a tropical cyclone shall not include references to associated turbulence and icing. 1.1.6 Recommendation. - Meteorological watch offices in a position to do so should issue SIGMET information in graphical format using the WMO BUFR code form, in addition to the issuance of this SIGMET information in abbreviated plain language in accordance with 1.1.1. NOTE: The BUFR code form is contained in WMO Publication No. 306, Manual on Codes, Volume 1.2, Part B - Binary Codes.
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METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC / SIGMET, AIRMET, WSW - ANNEX 3 1.2 DISSEMINATION OF SIGMET MESSAGES
2.1.2 The sequence number referred to in the template in Table A6-1 shall correspond with the number of AIRMET messages issued for the flight information region since 0001 UTC on the day concerned. The meteorological watch offices whose area of responsibility encompasses more than one FIR and/or CTA shall issue separate AIRMET messages for each FIR and/or CTA within its area of responsibility. 2.1.3 The flight information region shall be divided in sub-areas, as necessary. 2.1.4 In accordance with the template in Table A6-1, only one of the following phenomena shall be included in an AIRMET message, using the abbreviations as indicated below: At cruising levels below flight level 100 (or below flight level 150 in mountainous areas, or higher, where necessary):
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1.2.1 SIGMET messages shall be disseminated to meteorological watch offices, WAFCs and to other meteorological offices in accordance with regional air navigation agreement. SIGMET messages for volcanic ash shall also be disseminated to VAACs. 1.2.2 SIGMET messages shall be disseminated to international OPMET data banks and the centres designated by regional air navigation agreement for the operation of aeronautical fixed service satellite distribution systems, in accordance with regional air navigation agreement.
2. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO AIRMET INFORMATION

2.1 FORMAT OF AIRMET MESSAGES
2.1.1 The content and order of elements in an AIRMET message shall be in accordance with the template shown in Table A6-1. - Surface Wind Speed - widespread mean surface wind speed above 60 km/h (30 kt) - Surface Visibility - widespread areas affected by reduction of
SFC WSPD (+ wind speed and units)
SFC VIS visibility to less than 5000 m, including the (+ visibility) weather phenomenon causing the reduction of (+ one of the following weather phenomena or visibility combination thereof: BR, DS, DU, DZ, FC, FG, FU. GR, GS, HZ, IC, PL, PO, RA, SA, SG, SN, SQ, SS or VA) Thunderstorms - isolated thunderstorms without hail ISOL TS - occasional thunderstorms without hail OCNL TS - isolated thunderstorms with hail ISOL TSGR - occasional thunderstormes with hail OCNL TSGR Mountain Obscuration - mountains obscured MT OBSC Cloud - widespread areas of broken or overcast cloud with height of base less than 300 m (1000 ft) above ground level: - broken BKN CLD (+ height of the base and top and units) - overcast OVC CLD (+ height of the base and top and units) - cumulonimbus clouds which are: - isolated ISOL CB - occasional OCNL CB - frequent FRQ CB - towering cumulus clouds which are: - isolated ISOL TCU - occasional OCNL TCU - frequent FRQ TCU Icing - moderate icing (except for icing in convertive MOD ICE clouds)
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- Turbulence - moderate turbulence (except for turbulence in convective clouds) - Mountain Wave - moderate mountain wave 2.1.5 AIRMET information shall not contain unnecessary descriptive material. In describing the weather phenomena for which the AIRMET is issued, no descriptive material additional to that given in 2.1.4 shall be included. AIRMET information concerning thunderstorms or cumulonimbus clouds shall not include references to associated turbulence and icing. NOTE: The specifications for SIGMET information which is also applicable to low-level flights are given in 1.1.4. MOD TURB
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MOD MTW
4.2
CRITERIA RELATED TO PHENOMENA INCLUDED IN SIGMET AND AIRMET MESSAGES AND SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS (UPLINK)
2.2
DISSEMINATION OF AIRMET MESSAGES
2.2.1 Recommendation. - AIRMET messages should be disseminated to meteorological watch offices in adjacent flight information regions and to other meteorological offices, as agreed by the meteorological authorities concerned. 2.2.2 Recommendation. - AIRMET messages should be transmitted to international operational meteorological data banks and the centres designated by regional air navigation agreement for the operation of aeronautical fixed service satellite distribution systems, in accordance with regional air navigation agreement.
3. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS

NOTE: This appendix deals with the uplink of special air-reports. The general specifications related to special air-reports are in Appendix 4. 3.1 Recommendation. - Special air-reports should be uplinked for 60 minutes after their issuance. 3.2 Recommendation. - Information on wind and temperature included in automated special air-reports should not be uplinked to other aircraft in flight.
4.2.1 Recommendation. - An area of thunderstorms and cumulonimbus clouds should be considered: a) obscured (OBSC) if it is obscured by haze or smoke or cannot be readily seen due to darkness; b) embedded (EMBD) if it is embedded within cloud layers and cannot be readily recognized; c) isolated (ISOL) if it consists of individual features which affect, or are forecast to affect, an area with a maximum spatial coverage less than 50 per cent of the area concerned (at a fixed time or during the period of validity); and d) occasional (OCNL) if it consists of well-separated features which affect, or are forecast to affect, an area with a maximum spatial coverage between 50 and 75 per cent of the area concerned (at a fixed time or during the period of validity). 4.2.2 Recommendation. - An area of thunderstorms should be considered frequent (FRQ) if within that area there is little or no separation between adjacent thunderstorms with a maximum spatial coverage greater than 75 per cent of the area affected, or forecast to be affected, by the phenomenon (at a fixed time or during the period of validity). 4.2.3 Recommendation. - Squall line (SQL) should indicate a thunderstorm along a line with little or no space between individual clouds. 4.2.4 Recommendation. - Hail (GR) should be used as a further description of the thunderstorm, as necessary. 4.2.5 Recommendation. - Severe and moderate turbulence (TURB) should refer only to: low-level turbulence associated with strong surface winds; rotor streaming; or turbulence whether in cloud or not in cloud (CAT). Turbulence should not be used in connection with convective clouds. 4.2.6 Turbulence shall be considered: a) severe whenever the peak value of the cube root of EDR exceeds 0.7; and b) moderate whenever the peak value of the cube root of EDR is above 0.4 and below or equal to 0.7. 4.2.7 Recommendation. - Severe and moderate icing (ICE) should refer to icing in other than convective clouds. Freezing rain (FZRA) should refer to severe icing conditions caused by freezing rain. 4.2.8 Recommendation. - A mountain wave (MTW) should be considered:
4. DETAILED CRITERIA RELATED TO SIGMET AND AIRMET MESSAGES AND SPECIAL AIR-REPORTS (UPLINK)
4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION
Recommendation. - In cases where the airspace is divided into a flight information region (FIR) and an upper flight information region (UIR), the SIGMET should be identified by the location indicator of the air traffic services unit serving the FIR. NOTE: The SIGMET message applies to the whole airspace within the lateral limits of the FIR, i.e. to the FIR and to the UIR. The particular areas and/or flight levels affected by the meteorological phenomena causing the issuance of the SIGMET are given in the text of the message.
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a) severe whenever an accompanying downdraft of 3.0 m/s (600 ft/min) or more and/or severe turbulence is observed or forecast; and b) moderate whenever an accompanying downdraft of 1.75-3.0 m/s (350-600 ft/min) and/or moderate turbulence is observed or forecast.
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6. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO WIND SHEAR WARNINGS

6.1 DETECTION OF WIND SHEAR
Recommendation - Evidence of the existence of wind shear should be derived from: a) ground-based wind shear remote-sensing equipment, for example, Doppler radar; b) ground-based wind shear detection equipment, for example, a system of surface wind and/or pressure sensors located in an array monitoring a specific runway or runways and associated approach and departure paths; c) aircraft observations during the climb-out or approach phases of flight to be made in accordance with Chapter 5; or d) other meteorological information, for example, from appropriate sensors located on existing masts or towers in the vicinity of the aerodrome or nearby areas of high ground. NOTE: Wind shear conditions are normally associated with the following phenomena: thunderstorms, microbursts, funnel cloud (tornado or waterspout), and gust fronts frontal surfaces strong surface winds coupled with local topography sea breeze fronts mountain waves (including low-level rotors in the terminal area) low-level temperature inversions.
5. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO AERODROME WARNINGS

5.1 FORMAT AND DISSEMINATION OF AERODROME WARNINGS
5.1.1 The aerodrome warnings shall be issued in accordance with the template in Table A6-2 where required by operators or aerodrome services, and shall be disseminated in accordance with local arrangements to those concerned. 5.1.2 The sequence number referred to in the template in Table A6-2 shall correspond with the number of aerodrome warnings issued for the aerodrome since 0001 UTC on the day concerned. 5.1.3 Recommendation. - In accordance with the template in Table A6-2, aerodrome warnings should relate to the occurrence or expected occurrence of one or more of the following phenomena: tropical cyclone (to be included if the 10-minute mean surface wind speed at the aerodrome is expected to be 63 km/h (34 kt) or more) thunderstorm hail snow (including the expected or observed snow accumulation) freezing precipitation hoar frost or rime sandstorm duststorm rising sand or dust strong surface wind and gusts squall frost volcanic ash tsunami other phenomena as agreed locally. 5.1.4 Recommendation. - The use of text additional to the abbreviations listed in the template in Table A6-2 should be kept to a minimum. The additional text should be prepared in abbreviated plain language using approved ICAO abbreviations and numerical values. If no ICAO approved abbreviations are available, English plain language text should be used.
6.2
FORMAT AND DISSEMINATION OF WIND SHEAR WARNINGS AND ALERTS
NOTE: Information on wind shear is also to be included as supplementary information in local routine and special reports and METAR and SPECI in accordance with the templates in Tables A3-1 and A3-2. 6.2.1 The wind shear warnings shall be issued in accordance with the template in Table A6-3 and shall be disseminated in accordance with local arrangements to those concerned. 6.2.2 The sequence number referred to in the template in Table A6-3 shall correspond with the number of wind shear warnings issued for the aerodrome since 0001 UTC on the day concerned. 6.2.3 Recommendation. - The use of text additional to the abbreviations listed in the template in Table A6-3 should be kept to a minimum. The additional text should be prepared in abbreviated plain language using approved ICAO abbreviations and numerical values. If no ICAO approved abbreviations are available, English plain language text should be used.
5.2
QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA FOR AERODROME WARNINGS
Recommendation. - When quantitative criteria are necessary for the issue of aerodrome warnings covering, for example, the expected maximum wind speed or the expected total snowfall, the criteria should be established by agreement between the meteorological office and the users of the warnings.
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6.2.4 Recommendation. - When an aircraft report is used to prepare a wind shear warning, or to confirm a warning previously issued, the corresponding aircraft report, including the aircraft type, should be disseminated unchanged in accordance with local arrangements to those concerned. NOTE 1: Following reported encounters by both arriving and departing aircraft two different wind shear warnings may exist, one for arriving aircraft and one for departing aircraft. NOTE 2: Specifications for reporting the intensity of wind shear are still undergoing development. It is recognized, however, that pilots, when reporting wind shear, may use the qualifying terms "moderate", "strong" or "severe", based to a large extent on their subjective assessment of the intensity of the wind shear encountered. 6.2.5 The wind shear alerts shall be disseminated from automated, ground-based, wind shear remote-sensing or detection equipment in accordance with local arrangements to those concerned. 6.2.6 Recommendation. - Where microbursts are observed, reported by pilots or detected by ground-based, wind shear detection or remote-sensing equipment, the wind shear warning and wind shear alert should include a specific reference to microburst. 6.2.7 Where information from ground-based wind shear detection or remote-sensing equipment is used to prepare a wind shear warning, the warning should, if practicable, relate to specific sections of the runway and distances along the approach path or take-off path as agreed between the meteorological authority, the appropriate ATS authority and the operators concerned.
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Key:
Table A6-1. Template for SIGMET and AIRMET messages and special air-reports (uplink) inclusion mandatory, part of every message M C inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable = a double line indicates that the text following it should be placed on the subsequent line
NOTE: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in SIGMET/AIRMET messages and in special air-reports are shown in Table A6-4 of this appendix. Element as specified in Chapter 5 and Detailed Appendix 6 content SIGMET Location ICAO location nnnn indicator of indicator of FIR/CTA (M)2 the ATS unit serving the FIR or CTA to which the SIGMET/ AIRMET refers (M) Identification Message SIGMET [nn]n identification (M) and sequence number4 (M) Validity period (M) Date-time groups indicating the period of validity in UTC (M) Location indicator of MWO originating the message with a separating hyphen (M) Template(s) SPECIAL AIR-REPORT1
AIRMET
Examples YUCC3 YUDD3
AIRMET [nn]n
ARS
VALID nnnnnn/nnnnnn
_5
Location indicator of MWO (M)
nnnn
SIGMET 5 SIGMET A3 AIRMET 2 ARS VALID 221215/ 221600 VALID 101520/ 101800 VALID 251600/ 252200 YUDO 3 YUSO3
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Element as specified in Chapter 5 and Appendix 6 Name of the FIR/ CTA or aircraft identification (M) Template(s) Detailed content Location indicator and name of the FIR/CTA6 for which the SIGMET/ AIRMET is issued or aircraft radiotelephony call sign (M) SPECIAL AIR-REPORT1 nnnnnn
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Examples YUCC AMSWELL FIR3 YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR3 YUCC AMSWELL FIR/23 YUDD SHANLON FIR3 VA812 IF THE SIGMET IS TO BE CANCELLED, SEE DETAILS AT THE END OF THE TEMPLATE. Phenomenon Description of OBSC8 TS [GR9 SFC WSPD TS SEV TURB (M)7 ] EMBD10 FRQ11 nn[n]KMH phenomenon TSGR FRQ TS causing the TS [GR] SQL12 (or SFC WSPD OBSC TSGR issuance of TS [GR] nn[n]KT) EMBD TSGR SIGMET / AIRMET (C) TC GLORIA TC nnnnnnnnnn SFC VIS nnnnM SEV TURB VA ERUPTION (nn)16 SEV TURB13 SEV ICE MT ASHVAL SEV ICE14 SEV LOC S15 ICE (FZRA)14 E073 VA CLD 15 SEV MTW ISOL17 TS[GR]9 SEV MTW HVY DS HVY OCNL18 TS[GR] HVY SS SS MT OBSC VA CLD [FL MOD TURB VA[ERUPTION] BKN CLD nnn/nnn] [MT MOD MTW nnn/[ABV] nnnnnnnnnn] VA [MT ISOL CB nnnnM (or BKN [LOC nnnnnnnnnn] CLD nnn/[ABV] Nnn[nn] or nnnnFT) Snn[nn] BKN CLD OVC CLD Ennn[nn] or 120/900M nnn/[ABV] nnnnM Wnnn[nn]] VA (BKN CLD (or OVC CLD CLD 400/3000FT) nn/[ABV] nnnnFT) ISOL17 CB19 OVC CLD270/ OCNL18 CB ABV3000M (OVC FRQ11 CB CLD 900/ABV 10000FT) ISOL17 TCU19 SEV ICE OCNL18 TCU19 FRQ11 TCU RDOACT CLD MOD TURB13 RDOACT CLD MOD ICE14 MOD MTW15 Indication OBS [AT nnnnZ] OBS AT nnnnZ OBS AT 1210Z Observed whether the or forecast FCST OBS information is phenomenon observed and (M) expected to continue, or forecast (M)
SIGMET nnnn nnnnnnnnnn FIR[/UIR] or nnnn nnnnnnnnnn CTA
AIRMET nnnn nnnnnnnnnn FIR[/n]
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Element as specified in Chapter 5 and Detailed Appendix 6 content Location Location (C) (referring to latitude and longitude (in degrees and minutes) or locations or geographic features well known internationally) Template(s) SPECIAL AIR-REPORT1 Nnnnn Wnnnnn or Nnnnn Wnnnnn or Snnnn Wnnnnn or Snnnn Ennnnn
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SIGMET AIRMET Nnn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Nnn[nn] Ennn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Ennn[nn] or N OF Nnn[nn] or S OF Nnn[nn] or N OF Snn[nn] or S OF Snn[nn] or (AND] W OF Wnnn[nn] or E OF Wnnn[nn] or W OF Ennn[nn] or E OF Ennn[nn] or [N OF, NE OF, E OF, SE OF, S OF, SW OF, W OF, NW OF] [LINE] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] or [N OF, NE OF, E OF, SE OF, S OF, SW OF, W OF, NW OF AT nnnnnnnnnnnn or WI Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] [Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]]
Examples S OF N54 N OF N50 N2020 W07005 YUSB3 N2706 W07306 N48 E010 N OF N1515 AND W OF E13530 W OF E1554 N OF LINE S2520 W11510 - S2520 W12010 WI N6030 E02550 N6055 E02500 N6050 E02630
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Element as Template(s) specified in Chapter 5 and Detailed SPECIAL Appendix 6 content SIGMET AIRMET AIR-REPORT1 Flight level and FLnnn or FLnnn/nnn or TOP FLnnn FLnnn Level (C) extent20 (C) or [TOP] ABV FLnnn or [TOP] BLW FLnnn or BLW nnnnM (or BLW nnnnFT) or21 CB TOP [ABV] FLnnn WI nnnKM OF CENTRE (or CB TOP [ABV] FLnnn W1 nnnNM OF CENTRE) or CB TOP [BLW] FLnnn WI nnnKM OF CENTRE (or CB TOP [BLW] FLnnn WI nnnNM OF CENTRE) or22 FLnnn/nnn [APRX nnnKM BY nnnKM] [nnKM WID LINE23 BTN (nnNM WID LINE BTN)] [Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] [- Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]] [ - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]]] (or FLnnn/nnn [APRX nnnNM BY nnnNM] [Nnn[nn] or Snn(nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] [ - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]] [ - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn(nn] or Ennn[nn]]]) Movements Movement MOV N [nnKMH] or MOV NE or expected or expected [nnKMH] or MOV E [nnKMH] or movement (C) movement MOV SE [nnKMH] or MOV S (direction and [nnKMH] or MOV SW [nnKMH] or speed) with or MOV W [nnKMH] or MOV NW reference to [nnKMH] (or MOV N [nnKT] or MOV one of the NE [nnKT] or MOV E [nnKT] or eight points MOV SE [nnKT] or MOV S [nnKT] or of compass or MOV SW [nnKT] or MOV W [nnKT] stationary (C) or MOV NW [nnKT] or STNR Expected INTSF or WKN or NC Changes in changes in intensity (C) intensity (C)
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Examples FL180 FL050/080 TOP FL390 BLW FL200 TOP ABV FL100 FL310/450 CB TOP FL500 WI 270KM OF CENTRE (CB TOP FL500 WI 150NM OF CENTRE) FL310/350 APRX 220KM BY 35KM FL390
MOV E 40KMH (MOV E 20KT) MOV SE STNR
WKN
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Element as specified in Chapter 5 and Detailed Appendix 6 content Forecast Forecast position of position (C)20 volcanic ash cloud or the centre of the TC at the end of the validity period of the SIGMET message (C) Template(s) SPECIAL AIR-REPORT1 -
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SIGMET FCST nnnnZ TC CENTRE Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] or FCST nnnnZ VA CLD APRX [nnKM WID LINE23 BTN (nnNM WID LINE BTN)] Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn] [ - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]] [ - Nnn[nn] or Snn[nn] Wnnn[nn] or Ennn[nn]] CNL SIGMET [nn]nnnnnnn /nnnnnn or CNL SIGMET [nn]nnnnnnn /nnnnnn [VA MOV TO nnnn FIR]22
AIRMET
Examples FCST 2200Z TC CENTRE N2740 W07345 FCST 1700 VA CLD APRX S15 E075 S15 E081 S17 E083 S18 E079 S15 E075
OR Cancellation of SIGMET/ AIRMET24 (C) Cancellation of SIGMET/ AIRMET referring to its identification CNL AIRMET (nn)nnnnnnn/ nnnnnn CNL SIGMET 2 101200/10160024 CNL SIGMET 3 251030/251430 VA MOV TO YUDO FIR24 CNL AIRMET 151520/15180024
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
No wind and temperature to be uplinked to other aircraft in flight in accordance with 3.2. See 4.1. Fictitious location. In accordance with 1.1.3 and 2.1.2. See 3.1. See 2.1.3. In accordance with 1.1.4 and 2.1.4. In accordance with 4.2.1 a). In accordance with 4.2.4. In accordance with 4.2.1 b). In accordance with 4.2.2. In accordance with 4.2.3. In accordance with 4.2.5 and 4.2.6. In accordance with 4.2.7.
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15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
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In accordance with 4.2.8. In accordance with 2.1.4. In accordance with 4.2.1 c). In accordance with 4.2.1 d). The use of cumulonimbus, CB and towering cumulus, TCU, is restricted to AIRMETs in accordance with 2.1.4. Only for SIGMET messages for volcanic ash cloud and tropical cyclones. Only for SIGMET messages for tropical cyclones. Only for SIGMET messages for volcanic ash. A straight line between two points drawn on a map in the Mercator projection or a straight line between two points which crosses lines of longitude at a constant angle. End of the message (as the SIGMET/AIRMET message is being cancelled).
24
NOTE: In accordance with 1.1.5 and 2.1.5, severe or moderate icing and severe or moderate turbulence (SEV ICE, MOD ICE, SEV TURB, MOD TURB) associated with thunderstorms, cumulonimbus clouds or tropical cyclones should not be included. Key: M C inclusion mandatory, part of every message inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations can be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC, Doc 8400).
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in wind shear warnings are shown in Table A 6-4 of this appendix.
Table A6-2. Template for aerodrome warnings Element Location indicator of the aerodrome (M) Identification of the type of message (M) Validity period (M) Detailed content Template Example Location indicator of the nnnn YUCC1 aerodrome Type of message and AD WRNG [n]n AD WRNG 2 sequence number Day and time of validity VALID nnnnnn/nnnnnn VALID 211230/211530 period in UTC IF THE AERODROME WARNING IS TO BE CANCELLED, SEE DETAILS AT THE END OF THE TEMPLATE. TC3 nnnnnnnnnn or TC ANDREW Phenomenon (M)2 Description of phenomenon causing HVY SN 25CM [HVY] TS or the issuance of the SFC WSPD 80KMH MAX GR or aerodrome warning 120 [HVY] SN [nnCM]3 or VA [HVY] FZRA or TSUNAMI [HVY] FZDZ or 4 RIME or [HVY] SS or [HVY] DS or SA or DU or SFC WSPD nn[n]KMH MAX nn[n] (SFC WSPD nn[n]KT MAX nn[n]) or SQ or FROST or TSUNAMI or VA or free text up to 32 characters5 Indication whether the OBS [AT nnnnZ] or OBS AT 1200Z Observed or forecast information is observed phenomenon (M) FCST OBS and expected to continue, or forecast
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Table A6-2. Template for aerodrome warnings (continued) Element Detailed content Changes in intensity (C) Expected changes in intensity OR Cancellation of aerodrome warning6 Template INTSF or WKN or NC CNL AD WRNG [n]n nnnnnn/nnnnnn Example WKN
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Cancellation of aerodrome warning referring to its identification
CNL AD WRNG 2 211230/2115306
1 2 3 4 5 6
Fictitious location. One phenomenon or a combination thereof, in accordance with 5.1.3. In accordance with 5.1.3. Hoar frost or rime in accordance with 5.1.3. In accordance with 5.1.4. End of the message (as the aerodrome warning is being cancelled).
Key:
M C
= =
inclusion mandatory, part of every message inclusion conditional, included whenever applicable NOTE 2: The explanations for the abbreviations can be found in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services - ICAO Abbreviations and Codes (PANS-ABC, Doc 8400).
NOTE 1: The ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in wind shear warnings are shown in Table A 6-4 of this appendix.
Table A6-3. Template for wind shear warnings Element Location indicator of the aerodrome (M) Identification of the type of message (M) Time of origin and validity period (M) Detailed content Location indicator of the aerodrome Type of message and sequence number Day and time of issue and, where applicable, validity period in UTC Template nnnn WS WRNG [n]n nnnnnn [VALID TL nnnnnn] or [VALID nnnnnn/nnnnnn] YUCC1 WS WRNG 1 Example
211230 VALID TL 211330 221200 VALID 221215/221315 IF THE WIND SHEAR WARNING IS TO BE CANCELLED, SEE DETAILS AT THE END OF THE TEMPLATE. Phenomenon (M) Identification of the [MOD] or [SEV] WS IN APCH or WS APCH RWY12 phenomenon and its [MOD] or [SEV] WS [APCH] MOD WS RWY34 location RWYnnn or WS IN CLIMB-OUT [MOD] or [SEV] WS IN CLIMB-OUT or [MOD] or [SEV] WS CLIMB-OUT MBST APCH RWY26 RWYnnn or MBST IN APCH or MBST [APCH] RWYnnn or MBST IN CLIMB-OUT or MBST IN CLIMB-OUT MBST CLIMB-OUT RWYnnn REP AT 1510 B747 REP AT nnnn nnnnnnnn or Observed, reported or Identification whether the phenomenon is forecast phenomenon OBS AT 1205 OBS [AT nnnn] or observed or reported (M) FCST FCST and expected to continue or forecast
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Table A6-3. Template for wind shear warnings (continued) Element Details of the phenomenon (C)2 Detailed content Description of phenomenon causing the issuance of the wind shear warning Template SFC WIND: nnn/nnKMH (or nnn/nnKT) nnnM (nnnFT)-WIND: nnn/nnKMH (or nnn/nnKT) or nnKMH (or nnKT) ASPEEDL nnKM (or nnNM) FNA RWYnn or nnKMH (or nnKT) ASPEEDG nnKM (or nnNM) FNA RWYnn Example SFC WIND: 320/20KMH 60M-WIND: 360/50KMH (SFC WIND: 320/10KT 200FT-WIND: 360/25KT) 60KMH ASPEEDL 4KM FNA RWY13 (30KT ASPEEDL 2NM FNA RWY13) CNL WS WRNG 1211230/21133033
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OR Cancellation of wind shear warning3

1 2 3
CNL WS WRNG [n]n Cancellation of wind shear warning referring nnnnnn/nnnnnn to its identification
Fictitious location. Additional provisions in 6.2.3. End of the message (as the wind shear warning is being cancelled).
Table A6-4. Ranges and resolutions for the numerical elements included in volcanic ash and tropical cyclone advisory messages, SIGMET/AIRMET messages and aerodrome and wind shear warnings Element as specified in Appendices 2 and 6 M Summit elevation: FT Advisory number: for VA (index)1 for TC (index)1 Maximum surface wind: KMH KT hPa Central pressure: KMH Surface wind speed: KT M Surface visibility: M M Cloud: height of base: FT M Cloud: height of top: M FT FT Latitudes: (degrees) (minutes) Longitudes: (degrees) (minutes) Flight levels: Movement: KMH KT
1
Range 000 - 8100 000 - 27000 000 - 2000 00 - 99 00 - 399 00 - 199 850 - 1050 60 - 199 30 - 99 0000 - 0800 0800 - 5000 000 - 300 000 - 1000 000 - 3000 3000 - 20000 000 - 10000 10000 - 60000 00 - 90 00 - 60 000 -180 00 - 60 000 - 650 0 - 300 0 - 150
Resolution 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 50 100 30 100 30 300 100 1000 1 1 1 1 10 10 5
Non-dimensional
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EXAMPLE: A6-1. SIGMET and AIRMET message and the corresponding cancellations SIGMET YUDD SIGMET 2 VALID 101200/101600 YUSO YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR OBSC TS FCST S OF N54 TOP FL390 MOV E WKN AIRMET YUDD AIRMET 1 VALID 151520/151800 YUSO YUDD SHANLON FIR ISOL TS OBS N OF S50 TOP ABV FL 100 STNR WKN Cancellation of SIGMET YUDD SIGMET 3 VALID 101345/101600 YUSO - YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR CNL SIGMET 2 101200/101600 Cancellation of AIRMET YUDD AIRMET 2 VALID 151650/151800 YUSO - YUDD SHANLON FIR CNL AIRMET 1 151520/151800 degrees 18 minutes south and 81 degrees 12 minutes south, 17 degrees 12 minutes south and 83 degrees 30 minutes east, and 18 degrees 24 minutes south and 78 degrees 36 minutes east. 1 Fictitious locations EXAMPLE: A6-4. SIGMET message severe turbulence YUCC SIGMET 5 VALID 221215/221600 YUDO YUCC AMSWELL FIR SEV TURB OBS AT 1210Z YUSB FL250 MOV E 40KMH WKN Meaning: The fifth SIGMET message issued for the AMSWELL1 flight information region (identified by YUCC Amswell area control centre) by the Donlon/International1 meteorological watch office (YUDO) since 0001 UTC; the message is valid from 1215 UTC to 1600 UTC on the 22nd of the month; severe turbulence was observed at 1210 UTC over Siby/Bistock* aerodrome (YUSB) at flight level 250; the turbulence is expected to move eastwards at 40 kilometres per hour and to weaken in intensity. 1 Fictitious locations EXAMPLE: A6-5. AIRMET message for moderate mountain wave YUCC AIRMET 2 VALID 221215/221600 YUDO YUCC AMSWELL FIR MOD MTW OBS AT 1205Z AND FCST N48 El0 FL080 STNR NC Meaning: The second AIRMET message issued for the AMSWELL1 flight information region (identified by YUCC Amswell area control centre) by the Donlon/Intemational1 meteorological watch office (YUDO) since 0001 UTC; the message is valid from 1215 UTC to 1600 UTC on the 22nd of the month; moderate mountain wave was observed at 1205 UTC at 48 degrees north and 10 degrees east at flight level 080; the mountain wave is expected to remain stationary and not to undergo any changes in intensity. 1 Fictitious locations
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EXAMPLE: A6-2. SIGMET message for tropical cyclone YUCC SIGMET 3 VALID 251600/252200 YUDO YUCC AMSWELL FIR TC GLORIA OBS AT 1600Z N2706 W07306 CB TOP FL500 WI 150NM OF CENTRE MOV NW 10KT NC FCST 2200Z TC CENTRE N2740 W07345 Meaning: The third SIGMET message issued for the AMSWELL1 flight information region (identified by YUCC Amswell area control centre) by the Donlon/International1 meteorological watch office (YUDO) since 0001 UTC; the message is valid from 1600 UTC to 2200 UTC on the 25th of the month; tropical cyclone Gloria was observed at 1600 UTC at 27 degrees 06 minutes north and 73 degrees 6 minutes west with cumulonimbus top at flight level 500 within 150 nautical miles of the centre; the tropical cyclone is expected to move northwestwards at 10 knots and not to undergo any changes in intensity; the forecast position of the centre of the tropical cyclone at 2200 UTC is expected to be at 27 degrees 40 minutes north and 73 degrees 45 minutes west. 1 Fictitious locations EXAMPLE: Example A6-3. SIGMET message for volcanic ash YUDD SIGMET 2 VALID 211100/211700 YUSO YUDD SHANLON FIR/UIR VA ERUPTION MT ASHVAL LOC S1500 E07348 VA CLD OBS AT 1100Z FL310/450 APRX 220KM BY 35KM S1500 E07348 - S1530 E07642 MOV SE 65KMH FCST 1700Z VA CLD APRX S1506 E07500 - S1518 E08112 - 51712 E08330 - S1824 E07836 Meaning: The second SIGMET message issued for the SHANLON1 flight information region (identified by YUDD Shanlon area control centre/upper flight information region) by the Shanlon/International1 meteorological watch office (YUSO) since 0001 UTC; the message is valid from 1100 UTC to 1700 UTC on the 21st of the month; volcanic ash eruption of Mount Ashval1 located at 15 degrees south and 73 degrees 48 minutes east; volcanic ash cloud observed at 1100 UTC between flight levels 310 and 450 in an approximate area of 220 km by 35 km between 15 degrees south and 73 degrees 48 minutes east, and 15 degrees 30 minutes south and 76 degrees 42 minutes east; the volcanic ash cloud is expected to move east-southeastwards at 65 kilometres per hour; at 1700 UTC the volcanic ash cloud is forecast to be located approximately in an area bounded by the following points: 15 degrees 6 minutes south and 75 degrees east, 15
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DECODE OF EIGHT FIGURE GROUP APPENDED TO MOTNE/OPMET BROADCASTS
DECODE OF EIGHT FIGURE GROUP APPENDED TO MOTNE/OPMET BROADCASTS

The first two digits indicate the Runway Designator. The third digit indicates the Runway Deposits. The fourth digit indicates the extent of runway contamination. The fifth and sixth digits indicate the depth of deposit. The seventh and eighth digits indicate the friction co-efficient or Braking Action.
RUNWAY DESIGNATOR (FIRST AND SECOND DIGITS)

The two digits correspond to the runway designator (e.g. 09, 27 etc.). In the case of parallel runways, the Left runway is indicated by the designator only (e.g. 09L as 09) while the Right runway has 50 added so that 09R becomes 59 and 27R becomes 77. Whenever all runways are affected the figure group 88 will be used. NOTE: 99 may sometimes appear as the first two digits. This does not purport to be a runway indicator but means that the information is a repetition of the last message because no new message has been received in time for transmission.
RUNWAY DEPOSITS (THIRD DIGIT)

The runway deposit expressed as a single figure as follows: 0 Clear and dry 1 Damp 2 Wet or water patches 3 Rime of frost covered (Depth normally less than 1mm) 4 Dry snow 5 Wet snow 6 Slush 7 Ice 8 Compacted or rolled snow 9 Frozen ruts or ridges / Type of deposit not reported (e.g., due to runway clearance in progress).
00 less than 1mm 01 = 1 mm 02 = 2 mm etc. 10 = 10 mm etc. 15 = 15 mm etc. 20 = 20 mm etc. up to 90 = 90 mm NOTE: Code 91 is not used. Thereafter, the depth is indicated by: 92 = 10 cm 93 = 15 cm 94 = 20 cm 95 = 25 cm 96 = 30 cm 97 = 35 cm 98 = 40 cm or more 99 = runway or runways non-operational due to snow, slush, ice, large drifts or runway clearance, but depth not reported. // = Depth of deposit operationally not significant or not measurable. The quoted depth is the mean of a number of readings or, if operationally significant, the greatest depth measured.
FRICTION CO-EFFICIENT OR BRAKING ACTION (SEVENTH AND EIGHTH DIGITS)

The friction co-efficient is denoted by two digits or, if the co-efficient is not available, the braking action is denoted by two digits. a. Friction co-efficient EXAMPLE: 28 - friction co-eficient 0.28 35 - friction co-efficien 0.35 etc. b. Braking action 95 = Good 94 = Medium / Good 93 = Medium 92 = Medium / Poor 91 = Poor 99 = Unreliable // = Braking action not reported; Runway not operational, Aerodrome closed; etc. NOTE 1: Where Braking Action is assessed at a number of points along a runway, the mean value will be transmitted or, if operationally significant, the lowest value. NOTE 2: If measuring equipment does not allow measurement of friction with satisfactory reliability, which may be the case when a runway is contaminated by wet snow, slush, or loose snow, the figures 99 will be used.
EXTENT OF RUNWAY CONTAMINATION (FOURTH DIGIT)

The extent of runway contamination is expressed as a single digit in accordance with the following scale: 1 Less than 10% of runway contaminated (covered) 2 11% to 25% of runway contaminated (covered) 5 26% to 50% of runway contaminated (covered) 9 51% to 100% of runway contaminated (covered) / not reported (e.g., due to runway clearance in progress).
DEPTH OF DEPOSIT (FIFTH AND SIXTH DIGITS)

The depth of deposit is indicated by two digits in accordance with the following scale:
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DECODE OF EIGHT FIGURE GROUP APPENDED TO MOTNE/OPMET BROADCASTS EXAMPLES

NOTE: The occasion may arise when a new report or a valid report is not available in time for dissemination with the appropriate METAR message. In this case, the previous runway state report will be repeated, as indicated by the figures 99 in place of the runway designator. 99421594 Dry snow covering 11% to 25 % ot the runway: depth 15 mm; braking action medium to good. 14//99// Runway 14 non-operational due to runway clearance in progress. 14////// Runway 14 contaminated but reports are not available or are not updated due to aerodrome closure or curfew, etc. 88////// All runways are contaminated but reports are not available or are not updated due to aerodrome closure or curfew, etc. 14CLRD// Runway 14 contamination has ceased to exist. (No further reports will be sent unless recontamination occurs).
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AERODROME PAVEMENT CONDITION REPORTS (THROUGH SNOWTAM/MOTNE)

During winter period information on runway condition for the listed European airports is published via SNOWTAM or is included at the end of METAR (MOTNE) messages. Following European countries does not specify the airports providing this information: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Greece, Italy, Malta, Norway, Portugal and Russia. Aalborg Aarhus Aberdeen (Dyce) Ajaccio (Campo dellOro) Amsterdam (Schiphol) Ankara (Esenboga) Antwerpen (Deurne) Arad Asturias Barcelona Basle-Muhlhouse Bastia (Poretta) Beauvais (Tille) Belfast (Aldergrove) Belfast (Belfast City) Belgrade (Nikola Tesla) Berlin (Schonefeld) Berlin (Tegel) Berlin (Tempelhof) Biarritz (Bayonne-Anglet) Biggin Hill Bilbao Billund Birmingham Blackpool Bordeaux (Merignac) Bornholm (Ronne) Bournemouth Bratislava (R.Sefanik) Bremen Brest (Bretagne) Bristol Brussels (National) Bucharest (Baneasa-Aurel Vlaicu) Bucharest (Henri Coanda) Budapest (Ferihegy) Burgas Cambridge Cardiff Carlisle Chalons (Vatry) Charleroi (Brussels-South) Cherbourg (Maupertus) Clermont-Ferrand/Auvergne Cologne-Bonn Connaugh Constanta (Mihail Kogalniceanu-Constanta)
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Copenhagen (Kastrup) Copenhagen (Roskilde) Cork Coventry Dijon (Longvic) Dinard (Pleurtuit Saint-Malo) Donegal Dresden Dublin Dusseldorf East Midlands Edinburgh Erfurt Esbjerg Exeter Frankfurt/Main Galway Gdansk (Lecha Walesy) Geneva Girona Glasgow Goma Oryahovitsa Goteborg (Landvetter) Graz Grenoble (Saint-Geoirs) Groningen (Eelde) Guernsey Hamburg Hannover Hawarden Helsinki (Vantaa) Humberside Innsbruck Inverness Isle of Man Istanbul (Ataturk) Jersey Jonkoping Jyvaskyla Kardla Karup Kaunas (Gamykla) Kerry Kirkwall Klagenfurt Kosice Krakow (Balice) Kuopio Kuressaare Leeds Bradford Leipzig-Halle Le Touquet (Paris Plage) Liege (Bierset) Liepaja Lille (Lesquin) Linz Liverpool Ljubljana London (City)
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London (Gatwick) London (Heathrow) London (Luton) London (Stansted) Lulea (Kallax) Luxembourg Lydd Lyon (Bron) Lyon (Saint Exupery) Maastricht (Maastricht-Aachen) Madrid (Barajas) Malmo (Sturup) Manchester Maribor Marseille-Provence Menorca Metz-Nancy-Lorraine Montpellier/Mediterranee Munich Munster-Osnabruck Nancy (Essey) Nantes-Atlantique Newcastle Nice/Cote dAzur Norwich Norrkopping (Kungsangen) Nurnberg Odense Ohrid Oostend-Brugge (Oostende) Oulu Palanga Palma de Mallorca Pamplona Paris (Charles-De-Gaulle) Paris (Le Bourget) Paris (Orly) Parnu Pau-Pyrenees Perpignan (Rivesaltes) Piestany Plovdiv Poprad (Tatry) Poznan (Lawica) Prague Prestwick Quimper (Pluguffan) Reims (Champagne) Rennes (Saint Jaques) Riga Rotterdam Rovaniemi Saarbrucken Saint-Etienne (Boutheon) Salzburg San Sebastian Santander Santiago
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Shannon Siauliai Intl Sibiu Skopje Sliac Sligo Sofia Sonderborg Southampton Southend Stauning Stockholm (Arlanda) Stockholm (Bromma) Stockholm (Vaesteraas) Stornoway Strasbourg (Entzheim) Stuttgart Sumburgh Sundsvall-Harnosand Tallinn Tampere (Pirkkala) Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees) Targu Mures (Transilvania) Tartu (Ulenurme) Teeside Thisted Timisoara (Traian Vuia) Tirana Toulouse (Blagnac) Toussus-Le-Noble Trenain Turku Umea Varna Vienna (Schwechat) Vigo Vilnius Visby Vitoria (Forondo) Vojens/Skrydstrup Warsaw (Okecie) Waterford Weston Wick Zagreb Zilina Zurich
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AERODROME WEATHER REPORT
AERODROME WEATHER REPORT METAR AND SPECI DECODE

METAR or SPECI COR CCCC YYGGgg Z NIL AUTO IDENTIFICATION GROUPS METAR Aviation routine weather report code name SPECI Aviation special weather report code name COR Code word used as appropriate ICAO four-letter location indicator In individual messages, day of the month and time of observation in hours and minutes UTC Indicator of UTC NIL Code word used as appropriate Fully automated observation indicator
SURFACE WIND Mean wind direction in degrees true rounded off to nearest 10 degrees (VRB = VAR IABLE when ff < 3kt) ff Mean wind speed (10-minute 00000 = calm P199KMH (P99KT, mean or since discontinuity) P49 MPS) mean ff or G Indicator of Gust - if necessary fm fm = 200 KMH (100 fm fm Maximum wind speed (gust) - if KT, 50 MPS) or more necessary Wind speed units used KMH or KT or MPS Followed when there is a variation in wind direction of 60 or more but less than 180 and wind speed > 3 KT by group below: dn d n dn Extreme direction of wind V Indicator of Variability dx d x d x Other extreme direction of wind (measured clockwise) ddd PREVAILING VISIBILITY Prevailing visibility in metres or lowest visibility if visibility is not the same and fluctuating and the prevailing visibility less than 5000m. 9999 = 10 km or more Followed when visibility is not the same and minimum visibility is not prevailing and visibility < 1 500 m or visibility < 50% of prevailing and less than 5000m by the group below: Vn Vn Vn Vn Lowest visibility NDV Abbreviation for no directional variations. Followed by Vn Vn Vn Vn Lowest visibility Dv General direction of lowest visibility or most operationally significant if minimum visibility observed in more than one direction. VVVV RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) WHERE REQUIRED, UP TO FOUR ACTIVE RUNWAYS Indicator of RVR Runway designator for parallel runways may have LL, L, C, R or RR appended (L = left; C = centre; R = right) VR VR VR VR RVR (10-minute mean) at the touchdown zone P2000 = more than 2 000 m, M0050 = less than 50 m i RVR tendency indicator over past 10 minutes. U = upward; D = downward; N = no distinct change. Omitted if possible to determine Replaced when there are significant variations in RVR by the group below: R Indicator of RVR DR DR Runway designator for parallel runways may have LL, L C, R or RR VR VR VR VR RVR in metres (one-minute mean minimum value during last 10 minutes) R DR DR
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RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE (RVR) WHERE REQUIRED, UP TO FOUR ACTIVE RUNWAYS V Indicator of significant Variation VR VR VR VR RVR in metres (one-minute mean maximum value during last 10 minutes) i RVR tendency indicator Note: 25 m STEP if RVR < 400 m 50 m STEP if 400 < RVR < 800 m 100 m STEP if RVR > 800 m PRESENT WEATHER Present weather (see table ww at the end of this sequence)
ww
CLOUDS* Cloud amount: FEW FEW (1 2 oktas) SCT SCaTtered (3 4 oktas) BKN BroKeN (5 7 oktas) OVC OVerC ast (8 oktas) h s hs hs Height of base of clouds in units of 30 m (100 ft) (CC) Cloud type only CB (cumulonimubs) or TCU (towering cumulus) indicated or /// if it cannot be observed by automatic system Replaced when sky is obscured and information on vertical visibility is available by the group below: VV Indicator of Vertical Visibility h s hs hs Vertical visibility in units of 30 m (100 ft) /// = vertical visibility unavailable Replaced when there are no such clouds, no restriction on vertical visibility and CAVOK is not appropriate by: NSC Nil Significant Cloud Replaced when automatic system is used and no cloud detected by: NCD No C loud Detected * Clouds of operational significance (i.e. below 1 500 m (5000 ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, and CB or TCU) Ns Ns Ns CAVOK Ceiling And Visibility OK. Replaces visibility RVR, present weather and cloud if: (1) Visibility is 10 km or more (2) No cumulonimbus, towering cumulus and no other cloud below 1 500 m (5 000 ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, and (3) No significant present weather (see table ww at the end of this sequence) TEMP AND DEW POINT Temperature in whole degrees Celsius (if below 0C preceded by M) Dew-point temperature in whole degrees Celsius (if below 0C preceded by M) PRESSURE Indicator of QNH in hectopascals. If Q = A then QNH is in inches QNH rounded down to the whole nearest hectopascal or to tenths and hundreths of an inch , depending on indicator
TT Td Td
Q PH PH PH PH
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION RECENT WEATHER RE ww WIND SHEAR WS

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Indicator of REcent weather REcent weather since previous report (intensity NOT to be reported) Wind Shear
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SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION RUNWAY Runway designator for parallel runways, may have LL, L, C, R or RR appended (L = left; C = centre; R = right) Replaced when all runways are affected by wind shear by: WS ALL RWY STATE OF THE SEA / SURFACE TEMP W Group indicator letter Ts Ts Temperature in whole degrees Celsius Indicator of state of the sea S R DR DR S State of water surface S STATE OF THE SEA Descriptive terms Code figure Calm (glassy) 0 Calm (rippled) 1 Smooth (wavelets) 2 Slight 3 Moderate 4 Rough 5 Very rough 6 High 7 Very high 8 Phenomenal 9 STATE OF THE RUNWAY ** RDR DR Indicator of runway ER Runway deposits CR Extent of runway contamination eR e R Depth of deposit BR BR Friction coefficient/breaking action ** State of the runway to be provided by appropriate airport authority TREND FORECAST TWO HOURS FROM TIME OF OBSERVATION CHANGE INDICATORS TTTTT or NOSIG BECMG TEMPO NOSIG CHANGE AND TIME TT GGgg FORECAST WIND ddd ff G fm fm KMH or KT or MPS FORECAST VISIBILITY VVVV FORECAST WEATHER ww Replaced when significant
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BECoMinG, used where changes are expected to reach or pass through specified values at a regular or irregular rate TEMPOrary fluctuations of less than one hour and in aggregate less than half the period indicated by GGGe Ge NO SIGNIFICANT CHANGE
Can be AT or FM = FROM or TL = TILL Associated time group in hours and minutes UTC Forecast mean wind direction in degrees true, rounded to nearest 10 degrees (VRB = VARIABLE) Forecast mean wind speed Indicator of Gust Forecast maximum wind speed (gust) Wind speed units Forecast prevailing visibility in metres 9999 = 10 km or more Forecast significant weather (see table ww at the edn of this sequence) weather ends by:
00000 = calm
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TREND FORECAST TWO HOURS FROM TIME OF OBSERVATION NSW Nil Significant Weather FORECAST CLOUDS OF OPERATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OR VERTICAL VISIBILITY Ns Ns Ns Forecast cloud amount h s hs hs Forecast height of base of cloud (CC) Cloud type - only CB Replaced when sky expected to be obscured and vertical visibility forecasts are undertaken by: VV Indicator of Vertical Visibility h s hs hs Vertical visibility in units of 30 m (100 ft) Replaced when no cumulonimbus, towering cumulus and no other cloud below 1 500 m (5 000 ft) or highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, are forecast and CAVOK is not appropriate by: NSC Nil Significant Cloud RMK Information included by national decision but not disseminated internationally ww SIGNIFICANT PRESENT, FORECAST AND RECENT WEATHER QUALIFIER WEATHER PHENOMENA Intensity of Proximity Descriptor Precipitation Obscuration Other 1 2 3 4 5 DZ Drizzle BR Mist MI Light Shallow PO Dust/sand Moderate whirls (dust RA Rain FG Fog BC Patches (no devils) qualifier) + PR FU Heavy SQ Squalls Partial (covering SN Snow Smoke or wellpart of the Funnel SG Snow grains VA Volcanic ash FC aerodrome) developed cloud(s) DU Widespread in the case (tornado or dust of PO and waterspout) FC In the DR Ice crystals Low drifting IC SA Sand SS Sandstorm VC vicinity (diamond BL Blowing HZ Haze DS Duststorm dust) PL Ice pellets SH Shower(s) Thunderstorm TS GR Hail FZ Freezing GS Small hail (supercooled) and/or snow pellets UP Unknown Precipitation 1. The ww groups are constructed by considering columns 1 to 5 in the table above in NOTES: sequence, that is intensity, followed by description, followed by weather phenomena. An example could be: + SHRA (heavy shower(s) of rain). 2. First precipitation type listed is the predominate precipitation type. Any second or third precipitation type has no intensity qualifier and is of equal or of less intensity than the first precipitation type. 3. DR (low drifting) less than two metres above ground, BL (blowing) two metres or more above ground. 4. GR is used when hailstone diameter is 5 mm or more. When less than 5 mm, GS is used. 5. BR visibility at least 1 000 m but not more than 5 000 m. FG visibility less than 1 000 m. 6. VC between approximately 8 km and 16 km from the aerodrome reference point.
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AERODROME WEATHER FORECAST
AERODROME WEATHER FORECAST - TAF DECODE

TAF or TAF AMD or TAF COR CCCC YYGGgg Z NIL Y1 Y1 G1 G1 /Y2 Y2 G2 G2 CNL IDENTIFICATION GROUPS Code names for Aerodrome Forecast, Amended Aerodrome Forecast and Corrected Aerodrome Forecast, respectively ICAO four-letter location indicator Date and time of issue of forecast in UTC Indicator of UTC Indicator of missing forecast Y1 Y1 day of month, period of validity beginning G1 G1 in hours UTC and Y2 Y2 day of month, period of validity ending G2 G2 in hours UTC Indicator of cancelled forecast FORECAST SURFACE WIND 00000 = calm Mean wind direction in degrees true rounded to nearest 10 degrees (VRB=VARIABLE when ff < 3kt) Mean wind speed Indicator of Gust Maximum wind speed (gust) Wind speed units used FORECAST PREVAILING VISIBILITY Prevailing visibility in metres 9999 = 10 km or more
ddd
ff G fm fm KMH or KT or MPS
P199 KMH (P99 KT, P49 MPS) mean fm fm = 200 KMH (100 KT, 50 MPS) or more
VVVV
ww FORECAST SIGNIFICANT WEATHER QUALIFIER WEATHER PHENOMENA Intensity of Proximity Descriptor Precipitation Obscuration 1 2 3 4 MI DZ Drizzle BR Mist Light PO Shallow Moderate RA Rain FG Fog BC Patches (no qualifier) + FU Heavy PR Partial Smoke SQ Snow SN (covering or wellVA Volcanic ash FC Snow grains SG part of the developed DU Widespread Ice crystals IC aerodrome) in the case dust (diamond dust) of PO and FC In the DR PL Ice pellets Low drifting SA Sand SS VC vicinity BL Blowing GR Hail HZ Haze DS SH Shower(s) GS Small hail and/or snow TS Thunderstorm pellets
Other 5 Dust/sand whirls (dust devils) Squalls Funnel cloud(s) (tornado or waterspout) Sandstorm Duststorm
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ww FORECAST SIGNIFICANT WEATHER QUALIFIER WEATHER PHENOMENA Intensity of Proximity Descriptor Precipitation Obscuration Other 1 2 3 4 5 FZ Freezing UP Unknown (supercooled) Precipitation Replaced when significant weather phenomenon forecast to end by: NSW N il Significant Weather 1. The ww groups are constructed by considering columns 1 to 5 in the table above in NOTES: sequence, that is intensity, followed by description, followed by weather phenomena. An example could be: + SHRA (heavy shower(s) of rain). 2. A precipitation combination has dominant type first. 3. DR (low drifting) less than two metres above ground, BL (blowing) two metres or more above ground. 4. GR is used when hailstone diameter is 5 mm or more. When less than 5 mm, GS is used. 5. BR visibility at least 1 000 m but not more than 5 000 m. FG visibility less than 1 000 m. 6. VC between approximately 8 km and 16 km from the aerodrome reference point. FORECAST CLOUD AMOUNT AND HEIGHT* Cloud amount: FEW - FEW (1-2 oktas) SCT - SCaTtered (3-4 oktas) BKN - BroKeN (5-7 oktas) OVC - OVerCast (8 oktas) h s hs hs Height of base of cloud in units of 30 m (100 ft) (cc) Cloud type - only CB (cumulonimbus) is indicated Replaced when sky is expected to be obscured and information on vertical visibility is available by: VV Indicator of Vertical Visibility h s hs hs Vertical visibility in units of 30 m (100 ft) Replaced when no cumulonimbus , towering cumulus and no other cloud below 1500 m (5000 ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, are forecast and CAVOK and SKC are not appropriate by: NSC Nil Significant Cloud * Clouds of operational significance (i.e. below 1 500 m (5 000 ft) or below highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, and CB or TCU) Ns Ns Ns CAVOK Ceiling And Visibility OK . Replaces visibility, weather and cloud if: (1) Visibility is forecast to be 10 km or more (2) No cumulonimbus cloud and no other cloud forecast below 1 500 m (5 000 ft) or below the highest minimum sector altitude, whichever is greater, and (3) No significant weather forecast (see table ww above) SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN FORECAST CONDITIONS INDICATED BY: PROBABILITY PROB PROBability C2 C2 Only 30 or 40 used, indicating 30% or 40% TIME YYGG/Ye Ye Ge Ge Beginning YYGG and end Ye Ye Ge Ge of forecast period in day of month and hours UTC Probability is used to indicate the probability of occurence of: an alternative element or elements (a) (b) temporary fluctuations CHANGE
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SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN FORECAST CONDITIONS INDICATED BY: Type of significant change: BECMG BECoMinG, used where changes are expected to reach or pass through specified values at a regular or irregular rate TEMPO TEMPOrary fluctuations of less than one hour and in aggregate less than half the period indicated by YYGG/Ye Ye Ge Ge Beginning YYGG and end Ye Ye Ge Ge of forecast period in day on month and hours UTC
TTTTT
TIME YYGG/Ye Ye Ge Ge
OR If one set of weather conditions is expected to change more or less completely to a different set of conditions, thus indicating the beginning of another self-contained part of the forecast, by: TTYYGGgg This takes the form FMYYGGgg where FM is the abbreviation for FroM and YYGGgg is the day of month and time in hours and minutes UTC. All forecast conditions before this group are superseded by conditions indicated after the group. BY REGIONAL AGREEMENT FORECAST TEMPERATURE TX, TN TX, TN Indicators of maximum and minimum forecast temperatures, respectively TF TF TF TF Forecast temperature at YF YF GF GF Temperatures below 0C preceded by M Y F Y F GF GF YF YF GF GF Valid day, time UTC to which forecast temperature refers Z Z Indicator of UTC FORECAST TURBULENCE CONDITIONS (OPTIONAL) Six digits for all turbulence groups, first digit always 5 Second digit Turbulence type 0 None 1 Light turbulence 2 Moderate turbulence in clear air, occasional 3 Moderate turbulence in clear air, frequent 4 Moderate turbulence in cloud, occasional 5 Moderate turbulence in cloud, frequent 6 Severe turbulence in clear air, occasional 7 Severe turbulence in clear air, frequent 8 Severe turbulence in cloud, occasional 9 Severe turbulence in cloud, frequent Third to fifth digit: height of lowest turbulence layer in units of 30m (100ft) above the aerodrome Thickness of layer Sixth digit 0 Up to top of cloud 1 300m/1000ft 2 600m/2000ft 3 900m/3000ft 4 1200m/4000ft 5 1500m/5000ft 6 1800m/6000ft 7 2100m/7000ft 8 2400m/8000ft 9 2700m/9000ft FORECAST ICING CONDITIONS (OPTIONAL) Six digits for all icing groups, first digit always 6 Second digit Icing type 0 No icing 1 Light icing 2 Light icing in cloud
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3 4 5 6 7 Light icing in precipitation Moderate icing Moderate icing in cloud Moderate icing in precipitation Severe icing 8 Severe icing in cloud 9 Severe icing in precipitation Third to fifth digit: height of lowest turbulence layer in units of 30m (100ft) above the aerodrome Thickness of layer Sixth digit 0 Up to top of cloud 1 300m/1000ft 2 600m/2000ft 3 900m/3000ft 4 1200m/4000ft 5 1500m/5000ft 6 1800m/6000ft 7 2100m/7000ft 8 2400m/8000ft 9 2700m/9000ft
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NATIONAL DIFFERENCES FROM INTERNATIONAL CODE FORMS - EUROPE
AUSTRIA
BELGIUM
In meteorological bulletins provided by the MET service for Spa and St. Hubert, the wind value is the average over a period of 10 minutes. A repetitor in the bulletin indicates the present wind value. RVR calculations are based on the maximum intensity of the runway lights.
When the visibility is 10Km or more, the exact visibility is reported in steps of 1Km up to 30Km and in steps of 5Km above 30Km. RVR-mean values, -extreme values and -tendency are reported at Vienna and Salzburg airports only. If deposit of rime is observed the description FZ is used in combination with abbreviations BCFG, PRFG and BR too. Additional condition for use of the term CAVOK: no TCU. When the term CAVOK is used in reports in abbreviated plain language, visibility, present weather and clouds are reported in brackets. For routine reports from aeronautical stations not located at international airports the following applies: Instead of the ICAO location indicator the station index number (IIiii) is used by stations not located at an aerodrome. The term CAVOK is not used. For reporting maximum horizontal visibility additional criteria are used; so this group will be reported more often. When the visibility is 10Km or more it will be coded as mentioned above. 99Km indicates a visibility of 100Km or more. All cloud types are reported, e.g. OVC010ST. The height of cloud base is not reported for the cloud types CI, CC and CS, e.g. SCTCI. hshshs = not reported if in mountainous region tops, but not the cloud base of a convective cloud is visible, e.g. FEWCB. The indicator RMK is reported in the AUTO METAR for the notification of cloud bases. After RMK, the data will be reported as follows:
FRANCE
The following aerodromes use a cloud base other than 1500m (5000ft) as criterion in defining CAVOK (i.e., no clouds below the listed height). Aerodrome Ajaccio (Campo Dell Oro) Annecy Aubenas Aurillac Basle-Mulhouse Bastia (Poretta) Biarritz (Bayonne-Anglet) Bourg Carcassonne (Salvaza) Chambery (Aix-Les-Bains) Clermont-Ferrand/Auvergne Colmar Figari/Sud Corse Meters 3100 2500 2000 1700 1700 3200 2000 1950 2655 2750 2050 1800 2600 2200 1600 1600 2350 1650 1600 1600 2134 2850 2450 3500 3500 3250 1550 Feet 10170 8202 6560 5580 5580 10500 6560 6398 8710 9020 6730 5910 8530 7220 5250 5250 7710 5410 5250 5250 7000 9350 8040 11480 11480 10660 5090
BASE XX CLDhhh Grenoble (St Geoirs) XX hhh location identifier of ceilometer (single of double figure) cloud base as in METAR Hyeres Istres Le Luc Lyon (Bron) N S W E 28 AB KE North South West East threshold RWY 28 Absam Kematen Nice/Cote DAzur Orange (Caritat) Pamiers (Les Pujols) Pau/Pyrenees Perpignan (Rivesaltes) Salon Lyon (Saint Exupery) Marseille/Provence Mende
Cloud amount will not be reported. Ceilometer location identifiers are:
EXAMPLE: BASE AB CLD015 All supplementary information available is added and distributed internationally. The total amount of cloud is reported at the end of the report using abbreviations listed above.
JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC. 1993, 2006. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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Aerodrome Solenzara St Etienne (Boutheon) Strasbourg (Entzheim) Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees) Vichy (Charmeil) Meters 3100 1750 1650 3500 1750 Feet 10170 5740 5410 11480 5740
SWITZERLAND
Additionally to the conditions described in Annex 3 the minimal visibility is also reported if it is less than 5 km with a prevailing visibility of 5 km or higher.
UNITED KINGDOM
The METAR and TAF issued on behalf of the UK MET Authority will not report until further notice: Trends and Significant Variations in RVR; Vertical Visibility; Wind Shear; Forecast Temperature; Forecast Airframe Ice Accretion; Forecast Turbulence. SPECI
LUXEMBOURG
RVR calculations are based on the maximum intensity of the runway lights.
NORWAY
GEOGRAPHICAL AND MAGNETIC WIND DIRECTION
All airports east of Tromso have a significant deviation in wind direction between geographical North and magnetic North. In spoken communication from ATS, inclusive ATIS, the magnetic wind direction is stated. In written communication, METAR, SPECI, TAF, the geographical wind direction is given. Thus, a deviation in wind direction stated orally from ATS, inclusive ATIS, and the wind direction given on METAR, exist for the following airports in the Northeastern part of Norway: Alta, ENAT: 8E Berlevag, ENBV: 12E Batsfjord, ENBS: 12E Hammerfest, ENHF: 9E Hasvik, ENHK: 8E Honningsvag, ENHV: 10E Kirkenes/Hoybuktmoen, ENKR: 12E Lakselv/Banak, ENNA: 9E Mehamn, ENMH: 11E Sorkjosen, ENSR: 7E Vadso, ENVD: 12E Vardo/Svartnes, ENSS: 12E
Following abbreviations have been adopted at London (Heathrow) and Belfast (Aldergrove) for use in their Windshear Alerting Service. a. Windshear Forecast (WSF)-when the meteorological conditions indicate that low level windshear on the approach or climb-out (below 2000ft) may be encountered. b. Windshear Forecast and Reported (WSRF)-as above, supported by a report from at least one aircraft of windshear on the approach or climbout within the last hour. c. Windshear Reported (WSR)-when an aircraft has reported on the approach or climb-out within the last hour, but insufficient meteorological evidence exists for the issue of a forecast of windshear.
SWEDEN
SIGMET information is not issued concerning en-route weather phenomena at transonic levels and supersonic cruising levels. Due to limited capacity for maintaining a continuous survey of wind shear conditions, wind shear warnings are not issued. Information on the observed occurrence of wind shear at an aerodrome is included in routine observations and reports issued at the aerodrome. SPECI is not issued in Sweden.
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AVAILABILITY OF MET BROADCASTS - EUROPE
RADIOTELEPHONY
Identify location for which weather is desired and find station(s) disseminating broadcast. WEATHER FOR: Aalborg Aberdeen Adana Agadir (Al-Massira) Aigen/Ennstal Ajaccio (Campo DellOro) Akrotiri Alexandria (Borg El Arab) Alexandria (Intl) Algiers (Houari Boumendiene) Alicante Allentsteig Alpe Rauz Alta Altenrhein Amsterdam (Schiphol) Ancona (Falconara) Andenes (Andoya) Andravida Ankara (Esenboga) Annaba (Rabah Bitat) Antalya Asturias Aswan Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos) Banja Luka Barcelona Bardufoss Bari (Palese Macchie) Basle-Mulhouse Bastia (Poretta) Beauvais (Tille) Beirut (Rafic Hariri) Belfast (Aldergrove) Belgrade (Nikola Tesla) Benghazi (Benina) Benson Bergamo (Orio Al Serio) Bergen (Flesland) Berlin (Schonefeld) Berlin (Tegel) Berlin (Tempelhof) Biarritz (Bayonne-Anglet) Bilbao Billund Birmingham Bodo
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AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Copenhagen Scottish Royal Air Force, Ankara Casablanca, Las Palmas Gerlitzen Marseille Royal Air Force Cairo Cairo Algiers, Alicante Alicante, Madrid Rauchenwarth Zugspitze Bodo Zugspitze Amsterdam, Brussels, Frankfurt, Hannover, London (Main), Paris, Shannon Royal Air Force Bodo Athens, Brindisi Royal Air Force, Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir, Samsun, Sivas, Algiers Ankara, Adana, Istanbul, Izmir Santiago Cairo Athens, Brindisi, Cairo, Istanbul, Nicosia, Shannon Royal Air Force Algiers, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Madrid, Marseille, Santiago, Shannon Bodo, Royal Air Force Royal Air Force Frankfurt, Geneva, Paris, Pisa, Zurich Marseille Paris Ankara, Cairo, Nicosia Dublin, Scottish, Royal Air Force Belgrade, Bucharest, Budapest, Skopje, Sofia, Zagreb Cairo, Malta Royal Air Force Milan Oslo, Shannon Berlin, Prague, Warsaw Berlin, Frankfurt, Hannover Berlin, Frankfurt, Hannover Bordeaux Madrid Copenhagen London (South), Royal Air Force Bodo, Royal Air Force
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WEATHER FOR: Bodrum (Milas) Bologna Bordeaux (Merignac) Bolzano Bournemouth Bremen Brest (Bretagne) Brindisi Casale) Bristol Brize Norton Brussels (National) Cairo Cardiff Casablanca (Mohamed V ) Catania (Fontanarossa) Cologne-Bonn Coningsby Constantine (Mohamed Boudiaf) Copenhagen (Kastrup) Cork Cottesmore Culdrose Dalaman Damascus Denizli (Cardak AB) Diyarbakir Djerba (Zarzis) Dresden Dublin Dubrovnik (Cilipi) Durham Tees Valley Dusseldorf East Midlands Edinburgh Faro Farsund (Lista) Felbertauern Frankfurt Freistadt Friedrichshafen Fuerteventura Gafsa (Ksar) Geneva Genoa (Sestri) Gerlos Gerona Gibraltar Geilenkirchen
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AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Istanbul Pisa Bordeaux, Madrid Zugspitze London (South) Hannover Paris, Santiago Brindisi London (South) Royal Air Force Amsterdam, Brussels, Frankfurt, London (Main), Paris, Shannon Athens, Cairo, Royal Air Force London (South), Royal Air Force Casablanca, Las Palmas, Seville Malta, Rome Brussels, Frankfurt, Hannover, Shannon Royal Air Force Algiers Amsterdam, Berlin, Copenhagen, Hannover, Oslo, Shannon, Stockholm, Warsaw Dublin Royal Air Force Royal Air Force Istanbul Cairo, Nicosia Izmir Adana Tunis Berlin Dublin, London (Main), Shannon Belgrade, Zagreb London (North) Amsterdam, Brussels, Frankfurt, Shannon London (North) Scottish Lisbon, Santiago, Seville Ekofisk Gerlitzen Brussels, Frankfurt, Hannover, Prague, Shannon, Zagreb, Zurich Rauchenwarth Zugspitze Las Palmas Tunis Bordeaux, Frankfurt, Geneva, Marseille, Paris, Pisa, Shannon, Zurich Milan Zugspitze Barcelona Royal Air Force, Seville Royal Air Force
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WEATHER FOR: Glasgow Goteborg (Landvetter) Goteborg (Save) Granada (Federico Garcia Lorca) Gran Canaria Graz Gussing Haag Hamburg Hannover Harstadt-Narvik (Evenes) Haugesund (Karmoy) Helsinki (Vantaa) Hohenems Humberside Hurghada Ibiza Innsbruck Inverness Iraklion (Nikos Kazantzakis) Isle of Man Istanbul (Ataturk) Izmir (Adnan Menderes) Jersey Jonkoping Kalmar Kapfenberg Karlstad Keflavik Kerkira (Ioannis Kapodistrias) Kinloss Kiruna Klagenfurt Konya Krems Kristiansand (Kjevik) Kuopio Lanzarote Larnaca Lavant bei Lienz Leeds Bradford Leeming Leipzig-Halle Leuchars Lille (Lesquin) Linz Lisbon Liverpool Ljubljana AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Dublin, London (Main), Scottish Copenhagen, Jonkoping, Oslo, Shannon, Stockholm Jonkoping Alicante Casablanca, Las Palmas, Lisbon Gerlitzen, Rauchenwarth Rauchenwarth Rauchenwarth Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Hannover, Shannon Hannover, Royal Air Force Bodo, Royal Air Force Ekofisk Helsinki, St Petersburg, Moscow, Shannon, Stockholm Zugspitze London (North) Cairo, Royal Air Force Alicante, Barcelona Zugspitze Scottish Athens London (North) Athens, Bucharest, Sofia, Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, Istanbul, Izmir London (South) Jonkoping Jonkoping Rauchenwarth Jonkoping Royal Air Force, Shannon Athens, Brindisi Royal Air Force Sundsvall Gerlitzen, Rauchenwarth, Zugspitze Adana, Izmir Rauchenwarth Oslo Helsinki Las Palmas Ankara, Athens, Beirut, Cairo, Nicosia, Royal Air Force Gerlitzen London (North) Royal Air Force Berlin Royal Air Force Bordeaux, Marseille, Paris Rauchenwarth, Zugspitze Bordeaux, Las Palmas, Lisbon, Madrid, Santiago, Seville, Shannon London (North) Zagreb
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METEOROLOGY
16 MAY 08
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WEATHER FOR: London (Gatwick) London (Heathrow) London (Luton) London (Stansted) Lossiemouth Lugano Lulea (Kallax) Luxembourg Luxor Lyneham Lyon (Saint Exupery) Madeira Madrid (Barajas) Malaga Malmo (Sturup) Malta (Luqa) Manchester Marham Mariazell Marrakech (Menara) Marseille/Provence Mauterndorf Menorca Milan (Linate) Milan (Malpensa) Monastir (Habib Bourguiba) Montpellier/Mediterranee Munich Munich FIR Nantes/Alantique Naples (Capodichino) Neulengbach Neumarkter Sattel Newcastle Nice/Cote DAzur Nicosia Nimes (Garons) Norrkoping (Kungsangen) Northolt Norwich Nurnberg Odiham Oran (Es Senia) Ohrid (St Paul the Apostle) Ornskoldsvik Oslo (Gardermoen) Ostend
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AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Amsterdam, Dublin, London (Main), London (North), Paris, Shannon Amsterdam, Brussels, Dublin, London (Main), Paris, Scottish, Shannon London (South) London (Main) Royal Air Force Zurich Sundsvall Brussels Cairo Royal Air Force Geneva, Marseille, Paris, Shannon Lisbon Algiers, Alicante, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Las Palmas, Lisbon, Madrid, Santiago, Seville, Shannon Alicante, Barcelona, Casablanca, Madrid, Seville Copenhagen, Jonkoping, Stockholm Malta, Rome Dublin, London (Main), London (North), Royal Air Force, Shannon Royal Air Force Rauchenwarth Casablanca, Las Palmas Algiers, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Marseille Gerlitzen Barcelona Geneva, Marseille, Milan, Rome, Zurich Geneva, Milan, Rome, Shannon, Zurich Tunis Marseille Frankfurt, Pisa, Prague, Rauchenwarth, Shannon, Zagreb, Zugspitze, Zurich Zugspitze Paris, Santiago Brindisi, Malta, Rome, Royal Air Force Rauchenwarth Gerlitzen London (North) Algiers, Bordeaux, Geneva, Marseille, Milan Ankara Marseille Stockholm Royal Air Force London (South) Frankfurt Royal Air Force Algiers, Alicante Skopje Sundsvall Bodo, Copenhagen, Oslo, Shannon, Stockholm Brussels
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E-9
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WEATHER FOR: Ostersund (Froson) Oujda (Angads) Oulu Palermo (Punta Raisi) Paphos Palma de Mallorca Paris (Charles-de- Gaulle) Paris (Orly) Patscherkofel Pau/Pyrenees Pisa (San Giusto) Porto Porto Santo Prestwick Pristina Pula Punitz Pyhrnpass Rabat (Sale) Reims (Prunay) Rimini Rodos (Diagoras) Rome (Ciampino) Rome (Fiumicino) Rotterdam St Polten Salzburg Santa Maria Santiago Sarajevo FIR Sarajevo Schoberpass Schoberstein Semmering/Stuhleck Seville (San Pablo) Sfax (Thyna) Shannon Sharm El Sheikh Skelleftea Skopje (Alexander the Great) Sofia Sonnblick Souda Bay Southampton Southend Spittal/Drau Split (Kastela) Stavanger (Sola) AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Sundsvall Casablanca Helsinki Malta, Rome, Royal Air Force Nicosia Algiers, Alicante, Barcelona, Bordeaux, Marseille Amsterdam, Bordeaux, Frankfurt, Geneva, London (Main), Marseille, Paris, Shannon Bordeaux, Brussels, Geneva, Marseille, Paris, Shannon Zugspitze Bordeaux Brindisi, Milan, Pisa Lisbon, Royal Air Force, Santiago Lisbon Dublin, Royal Air Force, Scottish, Shannon Royal Air Force Zagreb Rauchenwarth Rauchenwarth Casablanca, Seville Paris Pisa Athens, Nicosia Brindisi, Rome Brindisi, Malta, Marseille, Milan, Rome, Shannon, Royal Air Force Amsterdam Rauchenwarth Rauchenwarth, Zugspitze Shannon Santiago Belgrade Zagreb Gerlitzen, Rauchenwarth Rauchenwarth Rauchenwarth Casablanca, Lisbon, Madrid, Seville Tunis Dublin, Shannon Cairo Sundsvall Royal Air Force, Skopje Belgrade, Istanbul Gerlitzen Royal Air Force London (South) London (South) Gerlitzen Royal Air Force, Zagreb Copenhagen, Ekofisk, Oslo
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-10
METEOROLOGY
16 MAY 08
q$i

WEATHER FOR: Stockholm (Arlanda) Stockholm (Bromma) Stockholm (Skavsta) Stornoway Strasbourg (Entzheim) Stuttgart Sumburgh Sundsvall-Harnosand Tabarka (7 November) Tampere (Pirkkala) Tanger (Ibn Batouta) Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees) Tel Aviv Tenerife-North Tenerife-South (Reina Sofia) Thessaloniki (Makedonia) Tirana Torino (Caselle) Toulouse (Blagnac) Tours Tozeur (Nefta) Trapani (Birgi) Trieste (Ronchi dei Legionari) Tripoli Tromso (Langnes) Trondheim (Vaernes) Tulln Tunis (Carthage) Turku Ubelbach Usak Umea Vaasa Valencia (Manises) Venice (Tessera) Vienna (Schwechat) Vienna FIR Visby Voslau Waddington Wiener Neustadt Wiener Neustadt/Ost Zagreb (Pleso) Zell/See Zeltweg Zurich Zurich FIR AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Copenhagen, Helsinki, Jonkoping, St Petersburg, Oslo, Shannon, Stockholm, Sundsvall, Warsaw Jonkoping, Sundsvall Jonkoping Scottish Paris Frankfurt, Zurich Scottish Sundsvall Tunis Helsinki Casablanca, Seville Bordeaux Nicosia Las Palmas Las Palmas, Lisbon, Royal Air Force Athens, Belgrade, Brindisi, Skopje, Sofia Skopje Milan, Shannon Barcelona, Bordeaux, Marseille Bordeaux, Paris (French language) Tunis Royal Air Force Pisa Malta Bodo Bodo, Royal Air Force Rauchenwarth Algiers, Malta, Rome, Tunis Helsinki, Stockholm Rauchenwarth Izmir Sundsvall Helsinki Alicante, Madrid Milan, Pisa Belgrade, Berlin, Budapest, Frankfurt, Rauchenwarth Fischamend, Gerlitzen, Graz, Klagenfurt, Linz, Rauchenwarth, Salzburg, Zugspitze Stockholm Rauchenwarth Royal Air Force Rauchenwarth Rauchenwarth Belgrade, Rauchenwarth, Zagreb Gerlitzen, Zugspitze Gerlitzen Frankfurt, Geneva, Paris, Pisa, Prague, Shannon, Zagreb, Zugspitze, Zurich Zugspitze
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
11 APR 08
METEOROLOGY
E-11
q$i
MET BROADCASTS IN PLAIN LANGUAGE - EUROPE
RADIOTELEPHONY
STATION Algiers IDENT Radio BROADCAST TIMES FREQS PERIOD H+ 126.80 0500-2200 1035 4005 CONTENT & FORMAT AERODROMES MET Report Algiers (Houari QNH Boumediene), Annaba (Rabah Bitat), Constantine (Mohamed Boudiaf), Oran (Es Senia), Tunis (Carthage), Madrid (Barajas), Barcelona, Palma de Mallorca, Marseille/Provence, Nice/Cote DAzur MET Report Madrid (Barajas), Palma de, QNH Mallorca, Malaga, Valencia TREND (Manises), Alicante, Ibiza, Granada (Federico Garcia Lorca), Algiers (Houari Boumediene), Oran (Es Senia) MET Report Amsterdam (Schiphol) QNH (Q) (Q), Rotterdam, Brussels, TREND Dusseldorf, Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle), London (Heathrow), London (Gatwick), Copenhagen (Kastrup), Hamburg MET Report Athens (Eleftherios TREND Venizelos), Thessaloniki (Makedonia), Andravida, Rodos (Diagoras), Iraklion (Nikos Kazantzakis), Kerkira (Ioannis Kapodistrias), Larnaca, Cairo, Istanbul (Ataturk) MET Report Madrid (Barajas), Barcelona, Palma de Mallorca, QNH TREND Malaga, Ibiza, Gerona, Menorca, Toulouse, Marseille/Provence MET Report Belgrade (Nikola Tesla), QNH Zagreb (Pleso), Dubrovnik TREND (Cilipi), Vienna (Schwechat), Budapest (Ferihegy), Bucharest (Henri Coanda), Sofia, Thessaloniki (Makedonia), Sarajevo FIR MET Report Berlin (Schonefeld), TREND Berlin (Tempelhof), Berlin (Tegel), Dresden, Leipzig-Halle, Prague (Ruzyne), Copenhagen (Kastrup), Warsaw, Vienna (Schwechat) MET Report Oslo (Gardermoen), TREND Trondheim (Vaernes), SIGMET Bodo, Harstadt-Narvik (Evenes), Andenes (Andoya), Bardufoss, Tromso (Langnes), Alta
Alicante
Volmet
126.00
H24
cont.
Amsterdam
Met Broadcast
126.20
H24
cont.
Athens
Volmet
127.80
H24
cont.
Barcelona
Volmet
127.60
H24
cont.
Belgrade
Volmet
126.40
H24
cont.
Berlin
Volmet
128.40
H24
cont.
Bodo
Volmet
124.25
H24
cont.
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-12
METEOROLOGY
11 APR 08
q$i

BROADCAST TIMES CONTENT FREQS PERIOD H+ & FORMAT AERODROMES cont. 126.40 H24 MET Report Bordeaux (Merignac), SIGMET Toulouse (Blagnac), Paris (Charles-de- Gaulle), Paris (Orly), Madrid (Barajas), Barcelona, Palma de Mallorca, Lisbon, Geneva 127.00 Biarritz (Bayonne-Anglet), Bordeaux (Merignac), Lille (Lesquin), Marseille/Provence, Nice/Cote DAzur, Pau/Pyrenees, Paris (Orly), Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle), Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees), Toulouse (Blagnac), Tours (French language) cont. 127.60 H24 MET Report Brindisi (Casale) (T), TREND (T) Pisa (San Giusto) (T), Rome (Fiumicino) (T), Rome (Ciampino), Naples (Capodichino), Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos)(T), Thessaloniki (Makedonia) (T), Kerkira (Ioannis Kapodistrias) (T), Andravida (T) cont. 127.80 H24 MET Report Brussels, Ostend, London QNH (Heathrow), Luxembourg, TREND Amsterdam (Schiphol), Paris (Orly), Frankfurt, Cologne-Bonn, Dusseldorf cont. 126.20 H24 MET Report Cairo, Alexandria, Alexandria TREND (Borg El Arab), Aswan, Luxor, Hurghada, Beirut (Rafic Hariri), Damascus, Larnaca, Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos), Benghazi (Benina), Khartoum, Jeddah (King Abdulaziz) cont. 127.60 H24 MET Report Casablanca (Mohamed QNH (Q) V) (Q) (T), Rabat (Sale) TREND (T) (T), Marrakech (Menara) (T), Tanger (Ibn Batouta) (T), Agadir (Al-Massira) (T), Oujda (Angads), Gran Canaria, Malaga, Seville (San Pablo) cont. 127.00 H24 MET Report Copenhagen (Kastrup) QNH (Q) (Q) (T), Billund, Aalborg TREND (T)1 (T), Hamburg (T), Malmo (Sturup) (T), Goteborg (Landvetter) (T), Stockholm (Arlanda) (T), Oslo (Gardermoen) (T), Stavanger (Sola) (T) cont. 127.00 H24 MET Report Dublin, Shannon, Cork, TREND Belfast (Aldergrove), Glasgow, Prestwick, Manchester, London (Heathrow), London (Gatwick)
STATION Bordeaux
IDENT Radio
Brindisi
Volmet
Brussels
Volmet
Cairo
Volmet
Casablanca
Casablanca Met
Copenhagen
Volmet
Dublin
Volmet
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
11 APR 08
METEOROLOGY
E-13
q$i

BROADCAST TIMES CONTENT FREQS PERIOD H+ & FORMAT AERODROMES cont. 118.97 05001700 MET Report Stavanger (Sola), Forecast Haugesund (Karmoy), Farsund (Lista) cont. 110.40 H24 Vienna FIR SIGMET cont. 127.60 H24 MET Report Frankfurt, Brussels, TREND Amsterdam (Schiphol), Zurich, Geneva, Basle-Mulhouse, Vienna (Schwechat), Prague (Ruzyne), Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle) 135.77 Frankfurt, Cologne-Bonn, Dusseldorf, Stuttgart, Nurnberg, Munich, Hamburg, Berlin (Tempelhof), Berlin (Tegel) cont. 126.80 H24 MET Report Geneva, Zurich, BasleMulhouse, Nice/Cote DAzur, Lyon (Saint Exupery), Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle), Paris (Orly), Milan (Linate), Milan (Malpensa) cont. 122.27 H24 Met Report Klagenfurt (T), Graz QNH (Q) (T), Zell am See, Trend (T) Felbertauern, Lavant bei Lienz, Spittal/Drau, Neumarkter Sattel, Sonnblick, Mauterndorf, Schoberpass, Zeltweg (Q)(T), Aigen/Ennstal (Q)(T) Vienna FIR below FL240 SIGMET cont. 116.20 H24 Vienna FIR SIGMET cont. 127.40 H24 MET Report Hannover, Hamburg, TREND Bremen, Cologne-Bonn, Frankfurt, Berlin (Tempelhof), Berlin (Tegel), Amsterdam (Schiphol), Copenhagen (Kastrup) cont. 128.40 H24 MET Report Helsinki (Vantaa) (T), TREND (T) Tampere (Pirkkala), Turku, Stockholm (Arlanda) (T), St Petersburg (Pulkovo) (T), Tallinn (T), Kuopio, Oulu, Vaasa cont. 127.40 H24 MET Report Istanbul (Ataturk), Ankara TREND (Esenboga), Izmir (Adnan Menderes), Antalya, Bodrum (Milas), Dalaman, Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos), Sofia, Bucharest cont. 127.20 H24 MET Report Stockholm (Arlanda) (T) TREND (T) (F), Stockholm (Bromma) Forecast (F) (F), Stockholm (Skavsta) (F), Malmo (Sturup) (F), Goteborg (Save) (F), Goteborg (Landvetter) (F), Jonkoping (F), Karlstad (F), Kalmar (F) cont. 113.10 H24 Vienna FIR SIGMET
STATION Ekofisk
IDENT Volmet
Fischamend Frankfurt
FMD Volmet
Geneva
Met Broadcast
Gerlitzen
National Volmet2 Klagenfurt Austria
Graz Hannover
GRZ Bremen Volmet
Helsinki
Volmet
Istanbul
Ataturk Volmet
Jonkoping
Volmet
Klagenfurt
KFT
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-14
METEOROLOGY
11 APR 08
q$i

BROADCAST TIMES CONTENT FREQS PERIOD H+ & FORMAT cont. 126.20 H24 MET Report QNH TREND
STATION Las Palmas
IDENT Volmet
Linz Lisbon
LNZ Volmet2
116.60 126.40
H24 H24
cont. cont.
SIGMET MET Report TREND (T)
London (Main)
Volmet
135.37
H24
cont.
MET Report QNH TREND1
London (North)
Volmet
126.60
H24
cont.
MET Report QNH TREND1
London (South) Volmet
128.60
H24
cont.
MET Report QNH TREND1 MET Report QNH TREND
Madrid
Volmet
126.20
H24
cont.
Malta
Volmet
126.80
H24
cont.
MET Report TREND
Marseille
Radio
127.40
H24
cont.
MET Report SIGMET
128.60
SIGMET
AERODROMES Gran Canaria , TenerifeNorth, Tenerife-South, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote, Casablanca (Mohammed V)), Marrakech (Menara), Agadir (Al-Massira), Madrid (Barajas), Lisbon Vienna FIR Lisbon (T), Porto, Faro, Seville (San Pablo), Madrid (Barajas), Gran Canaria, Tenerife-South (Reina Sofia), Madeira, Porto Santo Amsterdam (Schiphol), Brussels, Dublin, Glasgow, London (Gatwick), London (Heathrow), London (Stansted), Manchester, Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle) Durham Tees Valley, Humberside, Isle of Man, Leeds Bradford, Liverpool, London (Gatwick), Manchester, Newcastle, East Midlands Birmingham, Bournemouth, Bristol, Cardiff, Jersey, London (Luton), Norwich, Southampton, Southend Madrid (Barajas), Barcelona, Seville (San Pablo), Malaga, Valencia (Manises), Alicante, Bilbao, Lisbon, Bordeaux (Merignac) Rome (Fiumicino), Naples (Capodichino), Palermo (Punta Raisi), Catania (Fontanarossa), Tunis (Carthage), Tripoli, Benghazi (Benina), Malta (Luqa) Marseille/Provence, Nice/Cote DAzur, Lyon (Saint Exupery), Geneva, Paris (Charles-de- Gaulle), Rome (Fiumicino), Milan (Linate), Palma de Mallorca, Barcelona Ajaccio (Campo DellOro), Bastia (Poretta), Lille (Lesquin), Lyon (Saint Exupery), Marseille/Provence, Montpellier/Mediterranee, Nice/Cote DAzur, Nimes (Garons), Paris (Charles-deGaulle), Paris (Orly), Toulouse (Blagnac) (French language)
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
11 APR 08
METEOROLOGY
E-15
q$i

BROADCAST TIMES CONTENT FREQS PERIOD H+ & FORMAT AERODROMES cont. 126.60 H24 MET Report Milan (Linate) (T), Milan TREND (T) (Malpensa) (T), Turin (Caselle), Genoa (Sestri), Venice (Tessera), Pisa (S. Giusto) (T), Rome (Fiumicino) (T), Bergamo (Orio Al Serio), Nice/Cote DAzur (T) cont. 127.20 H24 MET Report Larnaca, Paphos (Q), Athens QNH (Q) (Eleftherios Venizelos), TREND Rodos (Diagoras), Tel Aviv, Beirut (Rafic Hariri), Damascus cont. 128.60 H24 MET Report Oslo (Gardermoen), Bergen TREND (Flesland), Stavanger (Sola), Kristiansand (Kjevik), Goteborg (Landvetter), Copenhagen (Kastrup), Stockholm (Arlanda) cont. 126.00 H24 MET Report Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle), SIGMET Paris (Orly), Lyon (Saint Exupery), Geneva, Zurich, London (Heathrow), London (Gatwick), Brussels, Amsterdam (Schiphol) 125.15 Basle-Mulhouse, Beauvais (Tille), Brest (Bretagne), Lille (Lesquin), Nantes/Atlantique, Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle), Paris (Orly), Reims (Prunay), Strasbourg (Entzheim), Tours (French language) cont. 128.40 H24 MET Report Pisa (San Giusto) (T), TREND (T) Venice (Tessera), Trieste (Ronchi dei Legionari), Bologna, Rimini (T), Zurich (T), Geneva (T), BasleMulhouse (T), Munich (T) cont. 122.55 Winter: MET Report Wiener Neustadt (Q), QNH (Q) 0600-1900 Wiener Neustadt/Ost, Voslau Summer: (Q), Semmering/Stuhleck, 0500-1900 Neulengbach, Tulln (Q), St Polten, Krems, Allentsteig (Q), Haag, Freistadt, Mariazell, Pyhrnpass, Schoberstein, Schoberpass, Ubelbach, Kapfenberg, Gussing, Punitz Vienna FIR below FL240 SIGMET cont. 126.00 0250-2250 MET Report Linz, Salzburg, Graz, QNH Klagenfurt, TREND H24 Vienna, Bratislava, Budapest, Zagreb, Munich
STATION Milan
IDENT Milano Volmet
Nicosia
Volmet
Oslo
Volmet
Paris
Radio
Pisa
Volmet
Rauchenwarth
Volmet National Wien2 Austria
Volmet Wien2 Austria
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-16
METEOROLOGY
11 APR 08
q$i

BROADCAST TIMES CONTENT FREQS PERIOD H+ & FORMAT AERODROMES cont. 126.00 H24 MET Report Rome (Ciampino), Rome TREND (T) (Fiumicino) (T), Naples (Capodichino) (T), Catania (Fontanarossa), Palermo (Punta Raisi), Milan (Linate) (T), Milan (Malpensa) (T), Malta (Luqa) (T), Tunis (Carthage) (T) 00, 30 MET Report Brize Norton, Lyneham, 5450.00 H24 11253.00 Birmingham, Manchester, Cardiff, Waddington, Kinloss, Lossiemouth, Leuchars, Leeming, Coningsby, Cottesmore, Marham 07, 37 Northolt, Belfast (Aldergrove), Culdrose, Hannover, Geilenkirchen, Benson, Odiham, Prestwick, Keflavik, Bodo, Bardufoss, Harstad-Narvik (Evenes), Trondheim (Vaernes) 13, 43 Gibraltar, Porto, Tenerife South, Dakar, Ascension, Recife, Mombassa, Nairobi, Brize Norton, Lyneham, Split (Kastela), Ancona (Falconara), Skopje (Alexander the Great), Pristina 19, 49 Banja Luka, Bari (Palese Macchie), Naples (Capodichino), Rome (Fiumicino), Trapani (Birgi), Palermo (Punta Raisi), Souda Bay, Akrotiri, Larnaca, Budapest (Ferihegy), Bucharest, Ankara (Esenboga), Adana 25, 55 Cairo, Hurghada, Bahrain, Basrah, Kuwait, Al Udeid, Muscat, Trabzon, Tblisi, Baku, Ashgabat, Kabul, Kandahar, Salalah, Thumrait cont. 113.80 H24 Vienna FIR SIGMET cont. 126.60 H24 MET Report Madrid (Barajas), Barcelona, QNH Asturias, Santiago, Lisbon, TREND Porto, Faro, Brest/Bretagne, Nantes/Atlantique cont. 125.72 H24 MET Report Aberdeen, Belfast QNH (Aldergrove), Edinburgh, TREND Glasgow Inverness, London (Heathrow), Prestwick, Stornoway, Sumburgh cont. 127.00 H24 MET Report Madrid (Barajas), Seville QNH (San Pablo), Malaga, TREND Gibraltar, Lisbon, Faro, Casablanca (Mohammed Vl), Tanger (Ibn Batouta), Rabat (Sale)
STATION Rome
IDENT Volmet
Royal Air Force Volmet
Salzburg Santiago
SBG Volmet
Scottish
Volmet
Seville
Volmet
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
11 APR 08
METEOROLOGY
E-17
q$i

BROADCAST TIMES CONTENT FREQS PERIOD H+ & FORMAT 34133 00-05 SIGMET NIGHT Forecast 55053 H24 MET Report 89573 132643 DAY 05-10 Forecast MET Report
STATION Shannon
IDENT Volmet
AERODROMES Brussels, Hamburg Brussels, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Cologne-Bonn, Dusseldorf, Munich London (Heathrow), Shannon, Prestwick London (Heathrow), Shannon, Prestwick, London (Gatwick), Amsterdam (Schiphol), Manchester Copenhagen (Kastrup), Stockholm (Arlanda), Goteborg (Landvetter), Bergen (Flesland), Oslo (Gardermoen), Helsinki (Vantaa), Dublin, Barcelona Madrid (Barajas), Lisbon, Santa Maria, Paris (Orly), Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle), Lyon (Saint Exupery) Rome (Fiumicino), Milan (Malpensa) Rome (Fiumicino), Milan (Malpensa), Zurich, Geneva, Turin, Keflavik Frankfurt, Cologne-Bonn
10-15
SIGMET MET Report
15-20
Forecast MET Report
20-25
SIGMET Forecast MET Report
30-35
35-40
40-45
45-50
50-55
SIGMET Forecast MET Report Brussels, Hamburg, Frankfurt, Cologne-Bonn, Dusseldorf, Munich Forecast London (Gatwick), Amsterdam (Schiphol), Manchester MET Report London (Heathrow), Shannon, Prestwick, London (Gatwick), Amsterdam (Schiphol), Manchester SIGMET Copenhagen (Kastrup), MET Report Stockholm (Arlanda), Goteborg (Landvetter), Bergen (Flesland), Oslo (Gardermoen), Helsinki (Vantaa), Dublin, Barcelona Forecast Santa Maria, Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos),Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle) MET Report Madrid (Barajas), Lisbon,Santa Maria, Paris (Orly), Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle), Lyon (Saint Exupery) SIGMET Zurich, Geneva Forecast MET Report Rome (Fiumicino), Milan (Malpensa), Zurich, Geneva, Turin, Keflavik
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-18
METEOROLOGY
11 APR 08
q$i

BROADCAST TIMES CONTENT FREQS PERIOD H+ & FORMAT AERODROMES cont 124.32 H24 MET Report Skopje (Alexander the Trend Great), Ohrid (St.Paul the Apostle), Belgrade (Nikola Tesla), Thessaloniki (Makedonia), Tirana cont. 127.60 H24 MET Report Stockholm (Arlanda) (T) (F), TREND (T) Norrkoping (Kungsangen) Forecast (F) (F), Malmo (Sturup) (F), Copenhagen (Kastrup) (T) (F), Goteborg (Landvetter) (F), Oslo (Gardermoen) (T) (F), Helsinki (Vantaa) (T) (F), Turku (T) (F), Visby (F) cont. 127.80 H24 MET Report Stockholm (Arlanda) (T) TREND (T) (F), Stockholm (Bromma) Forecast (F) (F), Sundsvall-Harnosand (F), Umea (F), Ostersund (Froson) (F), Ornskoldsvik (F), Skelleftea (F), Lulea (Kallax) (F), Kiruna (F) cont. 126.6 H24 MET Report Tunis (Carthage), Djerba TREND (Zarzis), Monastir (Habib SIGMET Bourguiba), Sfax (Thyna), Tabarka (7 November), Tozeur (Nefta), Gafsa (Ksar) 127.80 H24 05-15 MET Report Zagreb (Pleso), Dubrovnik (Cilipi), Split (Kastela), Pula, Ljubljana, Sarajevo, Belgrade (Nikola Tesla), Zurich, Munich, Frankfurt cont. 130.47 02502250 MET Report Innsbruck, Salzburg, Klagenfurt, Linz, TREND
STATION Skopje
IDENT Volmet
Stockholm
Volmet2
Sundsvall
Volmet
Tunis
Radio
Zagreb
Volmet
Zugspitze
National Volmet2 Innsbruck Austria
H24
MET Report Munich, Zurich, Altenrhein, Friedrichshafen, Hohenems, Alpe Rauz, Patscherkofel, Gerlos, Zell am See, Bolzano Vienna, Munich and Zurich FIRs below FL240 MET Report Zurich, Geneva, BasleMulhouse, Frankfurt, Munich, Stuttgart, Milan (Malpensa), Milan (Linate), Lugano (During APT hours) SIGMET
Zurich
Met Broadcast
127.20
H24
cont.
1 2 3
as available available by ACARS SSB only
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
21 MAR 08
METEOROLOGY
E-19
q$i
COMMUNICATION PILOT TO METEOROLOGIST - EUROPE
FINLAND, ICELAND, SWEDEN

Airport HELSINKI (Vantaa), Finland KEFLAVIK, Iceland ROVANIEMI, Finland STOCKHOLM (Arlanda), Sweden SUNDSVALL-HARNOSAND, Sweden
1
Call-Sign Meteo Forecaster Meteo Met Office Met Office
Frequency 125.10 125.00 125.10 122.60 122.60
Hours of Operation H24 H24 0300-19001 H24 H24
Daylight Saving Time subtract 1 HR
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-21
q$i
AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE (ATIS) - EUROPE
ATIS
The listing below includes airports served by an ATIS within Europe Charts coverage. Airports are listed alphabetically, under the name shown on the Jeppesen Instrument Approach Charts, with civil airports by city name, followed by airport name when AIRPORT LOCATION Aalborg Aberdeen (Dyce) VOICE FACILITY
different, or with military airport/facility name. ATIS information for frequencies lower than 137.00MHz is also provided on Jeppesen Instrument Approach Charts and Jeppesen Enroute Charts communications tabulations.
VHF ADN VOR VHF Adana VHF VHF Adana (Incirlik AB) VHF Agen (La Garenne) VHF Aix (Les Milles) Ajaccio (Napoleon Bonaparte) VHF VHF Akrotiri (AB) VHF Alghero (Fertilia) VHF Almaza (AB) Alicante ALT VOR VHF Allendorf/Eder Alta VHF VHF Amasya (Merzifon AB) VHF Amman (Queen Alia Intl) Amsterdam (Schiphol) SPL VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)4 95591940 VHF VHF VHF VHF
Ancona (Falconara) Ankara (Esenboga) Antalya Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos Intl) Augsburg Aviano (Mil) Avignon (Caumont) Baldonnel (Casement AB) Balikesir (AB) Balikesir (Bandirma AB) Barcelona Bardufoss (AB) Barkston Heath (AB) Basle-Mulhouse Bastia (Poretta) Beauvais (Tille) Beirut (Rafic Hariri Intl) Belfast (Aldergrove) Belfast (City)
q$z
ATIS FREQ (MHz) 120.47 114.30 121.85 119.22 314.17 129.60 136.22 126.92 288.20 125.02 122.60 113.80 118.82 118.17 122.42 127.60 108.40 132.97 122.20 131.35 122.85 123.60 118.27 136.12 124.57 129.30 280.07 120.82 122.80 122.52 281.57 128.35 252.62 118.65 121.97 129.72 293.45 127.87 125.92 118.37 120.60 128.20 136.62
INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep & Dep & Dep & Dep & Dep & Dep & Dep & Dep Arr1 Arr1 Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr
HOURS H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 PTO
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr
Printed by: KFR1980
E-22
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION Benbecula Benson (AB) Bergamo (Orio al Serio) Bergen (Flesland) Bergerac (Roumaniere) Berlin (Schonefeld) Berlin (Tegel) Berlin (Tempelhof) Bern (Belp) Beziers (Vias) Biarritz (Bayonne-Anglet) Biggin Hill Bilbao Billund Birmingham Blackpool Bodo Bologna (Borgo Panigale) Bordeaux (Merignac) Boscombe Down Bournemouth Bremen Brest (Bretagne) Bristol Brize Norton (AB) VOICE FACILITY BEN VOR VHF ORI VOR VHF VHF VHF TGL VOR VHF VHF VHF Tel: +41 (0)22 4174076 VHF Tel: +33 (0)4 67908888 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +44 (0)121 7800910 VHF VHF Tel: 75542819 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)2 98320271 VHF UHF Tel: +44 (0)1993 8425518818 VHF AFI VOR BUB VOR BUN VOR FLO VOR HUL VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)321001114 VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)4 93904102 VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 113.95 282.52 112.60 125.25 127.47 124.95 112.30 125.90 126.02 125.12 127.52 128.22 121.87 118.82 118.77 136.02 127.20 123.90 134.87 131.15 275.72 133.72 132.37 129.35 126.02 259.00 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep HOURS PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO
Bronnoysund Brussels (National)
Cahors (Lalbenque) Cairo (Intl) Calais-Dunkerque Calvi (St. Catherine) Cambridge Cannes (Mandelieu) Carcassonne (Salvaza)
135.90 114.90 114.60 110.60 112.05 117.55 121.75 132.47 123.12 122.60 135.45 131.17 134.60 127.47 120.02
Arr & Dep Arr Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Dep Arr Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep
PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-23
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION Cardiff Carlisle Casablanca (Mohammed V Intl) Catania (Fontanarossa) Catania (Sigonella Mil) Chambery (Aix-Les-Bains) Charleroi (Brussels South) Chateaudun (AB) Chavenay (Villepreux) Chievres (AB) Clermont-Ferrand/Auvergne VOICE FACILITY VHF Tel: +44 (0)1446 729319 VHF Tel: +44 (0) 1228 574123 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 132.47 118.42 126.30 127.67 387.62 138.17 124.57 134.62 115.70 129.12 130.57 371.62 136.40 120.10 277.85 121.87 112.15 124.20 280.30 122.75 122.85 123.80 120.92 262.62 126.05 121.87 135.67 233.62 231.85 140.07 119.17 124.57 134.95 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep HOURS H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO H24
GSY VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)4 73627438 Coburg (Brandensteinsebene) VHF Tel: +49 (0) 9561 790560 VHF Colerne VHF Colmar (Houssen) Cologne-Bonn KBO VOR VHF VHF Coningsby (AB) VHF Copenhagen (Kastrup) VHF VHF Copenhagen (Roskilde) VHF Cork VHF Cottesmore (AB) VHF Coventry Tel: +44 (0) 247 6332668 VHF Cranfield VHF Cranwell (AB) VHF VHF Culdrose (Navy) VHF Dax (Seyresse Army) VHF Deauville (St. Gatien) VHF Dinard (Pleurtuit-St. Malo) Tel: +33 (0)2 99168150 VHF Doncaster Sheffield Tel: +44 (0)1302 624 854 Donegal VHF Dortmund VHF Dresden VHF VHF Dublin (International) Tel: +353 (0) 1570 123 123 Durham Tees Valley VHF Dusseldorf VHF
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr1 Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Dep Arr & Dep1
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep
129.92 125.12 118.87 124.52
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep
H24 PTO PTO PTO
132.37 123.77
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1
H24 PTO
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-24
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION East Midlands Edinburgh Eggenfelden Eilat Eindhoven (AB) Enontekio Epinal (Mirecourt) Erfurt Eskisehir Etampes (Mondesir) Evreux (Fauville AB) Exeter Fairford Farnborough Faro Figari/Sud Corse Florence (Peretola) Frankfurt-Hahn Frankfurt/Main VOICE FACILITY VHF Tel: +44 (0)906 851 7567 VHF Tel: +44 (0)131 339 2823 VHF Tel: +49 (0) 8721 963814 VHF VHF VHF Tel: +358 (0)16 554 8404 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)1 60809686 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF FFM VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +41 (0)22 4174082 VHF Tel: +41 (0)22 4174083 VHF VHF Tel: +44 (0) 141 887 7449 VHF VHF LAV VOR VHF VHF Tel: +41 (0)32 3969633 VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)4 76775687 VHF GUR VOR HAL VOR VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 128.22 131.35 125.07 132.55 126.02 134.82 136.57 133.45 122.42 258.05 129.90 138.22 119.32 259.00 128.40 124.20 118.72 129.35 136.35 114.20 118.02 118.72 129.60 129.32 278.20 135.57 124.75 122.82 129.57 127.47 118.37 114.60 126.12 121.10 125.72 125.22 133.55 109.40 115.20 135.40 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr1 & Dep Arr1 & Dep Arr1 & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep HOURS H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO H24 PTO
Friedrichshafen Gap (Tallard) Geilenkirchen (AB) Geneva
Genoa (Sestri) Glasgow Gloucestershire Goteborg (Landvetter) Graz Grenchen Grenoble (Isere) Grenoble (Le Versoud) Groningen (Eelde) Guernsey Halli (AB) Haifa
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-25
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION Hamburg Hammerfest Hannover Harstadt-Narvik (Evenes) Haugesund (Karmoy) Helsinki (Malmi) Helsinki (Vantaa) VOICE FACILITY VHF VHF DLE VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +358 (0)9 82774034 VHF Tel: +358 (0)9 8277 3317 HEL VOR Tel: +358 (0)9 8277 3376 VHF VHF IBA VOR VHF INS VOR Tel: +44 (0) 1667 464255 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +358 (0)16 6758604 VHF VHF VHF JSY VOR Tel: +44 (0) 1534 498073 VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 123.12 136.10 115.20 136.57 126.02 118.17 122.70 135.07 114.20 124.12 129.65 117.80 126.02 109.20 127.55 123.87 128.20 128.55 123.20 129.20 251.17 132.65 112.20 129.72 115.70 134.15 114.90 121.27 112.40 123.92 128.30 311.60 123.15 126.35 118.02 108.60 133.85 126.32 125.02 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr1 Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & & & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep HOURS PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 PTO H24
Humberside Hyeres (Le Palyvestre Navy) Ibiza Innsbruck Inverness Iraklion (Nikos Kazantzakis) Isle of Man Istanbul (Ataturk) Istanbul (Sabiha Gokcen) Ivalo Izmir (Adnan Menderes) Izmir (Cigil AB) Jerusalem Jersey
Joensuu Jyvaskyla
JNS VOR VHF Tel: +358 (0)14 4455830 Kajaani KNI VOR VHF Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Tel: +49 (0)7229 662332 Kauhava (AB) KAU VOR VHF Kayseri (Erkilet AB) VHF Keflavik VHF VHF Kemi (Tornio) Kerkira (Ioannis Kapodistrias) VHF Kirkenes (Hoybuktmoen) VHF Kirkwall KWL VOR Tel: +44 (0) 1856 878 476 Kittila VHF Tel: 016 366 8909 Klagenfurt VHF Kokkola- Pietarsaari VHF (Kruunupyy)
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep
Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-26
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION Konya (AB) Kos (Ippokratis) Kristiansand (Kjevik) Kristiansund (Kvernberget) Kuopio Kuusamo La Rochelle (Ile de Re) Lahti (Vesivehmaa) Lajes (AB) Lakenheath (AB) Landivisiau (Navy) Lanveoc (Poulmic Navy) Lanzarote Lappeenranta Lausanne (La Blecherette) Le Havre (Octeville) Le Luc (Le Cannet Army) Le Touquet (Paris-Plage) Leeds Bradford Leipzig-Halle Leuchars (AB) VOICE FACILITY VHF VHF VHF VHF VEH Tel: +358 (0)17 477396 KLA VOR Tel: 08 851 8808 VHF Tel: + 33 (0) 546001392 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VIL VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +44 (0)1334 8394 7829 LGE VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +351 21 8553424 VHF VHF DOL VOR VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0) 160 179794 VHF Tel: +44 (0) 20 7646 0224 VHF BIG VOR BNN VOR VHF VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 233.40 126.95 124.47 135.07 113.00 114.40 126.87 122.42 120.30 234.80 356.72 142.22 137.40 118.62 112.50 118.82 126.17 128.65 123.12 118.02 123.95 369.25 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep HOURS H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Arr & Dep
Liege Lille (Lesquin) Limoges (Bellegarde) Linton-On-Ouse (AB) Linz Lisbon Liverpool Ljubljana Ljungbyhed (AB) Locarno Lognes (Emerainville) London (City) London (Gatwick) London (Heathrow)
115.45 126.25 119.32 128.07 283.72 128.12 124.15 124.32 128.17 112.70 132.75 133.45 125.02 136.35 136.52 115.10 113.75 128.07 121.93
Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep
H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr1 Arr1 Arr1 Dep1
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-27
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION London (Luton) London (Stansted) VOICE FACILITY VHF Tel: +44 (0)906 4744474 CLN VOR VHF Tel: +44 (0)1279 669 325 VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +41 (0)916055016/17 VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)4 72158796 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF MCT VOR VHF VHF Tel: +44 (0)161 4992324 VHF Tel: +49 (0)621 4193966 HDM VOR VHF VHF VHF Tel: +44 (0)1760 337261 7888 MAR VOR VHF Tel: +33 (0)4 42311515 VHF VHF VHF MHN VOR VHF VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 120.57 114.55 127.17 129.12 264.77 119.92 121.17 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep HOURS H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO
Lorient (Lann-Bihoue Navy) Lossiemouth (AB) Lubeck (Blankensee) Lugano
Luxembourg Lydd Lyneham (AB) Lyon (Bron) Lyon (Saint Exupery) Maastricht (MaastrichtAachen) Macon (Charnay) Madeira Madrid (Barajas) Madrid (Cuatro Vientos) Malaga Malatya (Erhac AB) Malmo Malta (Luqa) Manchester
134.75 129.22 233.12 128.12 126.17 124.57 126.17 124.40 118.25 130.85 118.22 120.37 128.35 277.22 129.27 127.40 113.55 128.17 121.97 136.55 109.00 133.67 121.95 277.22
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr1 Arr1 Dep1 Arr & Dep
H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO
Mannheim (City) Mannheim (Coleman AAF) Manston Marrakesh (Menara Intl) Marham (AB)
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep
Mariehamn Marseille/Provence Meaux (Esbly) Melun (Villaroche) Memmingen/Allgau Menorca Merville (Calonne) Metz-Nancy/Lorraine
114.70 125.35 126.72 128.17 118.85 112.60 127.90 136.57
Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep
H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-28
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION Middle Wallop (Army) Mikkeli Milan (Linate) Milan (Mapensa) Mildenhall (AB) Mo I Rana (Rossvoll) Monastir (Habib Bourguiba) Monchengladbach Montpellier-Mediterranee Moss (Rygge AB) Mugla (Dalaman) Munich Munster-Osnabruck Muret (LHerm) Nantes/Atlantique Naples (Capodichino) Newcastle Newquay Nice (Cote dAzur) VOICE FACILITY VHF Tel: +44 (0)1980 674142 VHF VHF Tel: +39 (0)270 143 447 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF MHV VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +44 (0)2 40051274 VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)4 93213515 ATIS FREQ (MHz) 240.97 118.25 136.37 120.02 121.62 375.50 124.75 128.12 109.80 124.12 136.17 127.35 123.12 127.17 124.57 126.92 135.97 118.37 127.40 129.60 136.57 Niederrhein Nimes (Garons Navy) Northolt (AB) Norwich Nurnberg Odiham (AB) Olbia (Costa Smeralda) Oslo (Gardermoen) VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF SME VOR VHF Tel: +47 (22) 64813666 VHF Tel: +47 (22) 64813666 VHF VHF VHF Tel: +358 (0)8 5207803 VHF VHF Tel: +49 (0) 2955 77266 VHF VHF VHF VHF 124.45 129.35 125.12 300.35 128.62 123.07 300.45 113.90 126.12 127.15 136.10 121.60 135.45 136.22 125.72 123.87 119.25 127.12 128.22 INFORMATION BROADCAST HOURS PTO Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 (French language) H24 (English language) PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 (English language) H24 (French language)
Ostend-Brugge Oujda (Angads Intl) Oulu Oxford (Kidlington) Paderborn-Lippstadt Palermo (Punta Raisi) Palma de Mallorca Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle)
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Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-29
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AIRPORT LOCATION Paris (Le Bourget) Paris (Orly) VOICE FACILITY VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)1 49756580 VHF Tel: +33 (0)1 49752928 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF PRI VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +33 (0)2 99295235 VHF VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 120.00 126.50 131.35 128.47 127.87 141.05 121.77 124.12 113.20 124.30 119.45 121.12 132.00 124.27 292.27 122.62 136.12 136.40 128.10 126.35 114.90 121.85 120.17 267.60 110.40 120.72 117.70 125.30 125.72 136.60 127.05 129.35 119.07 117.90 133.87 124.80 118.17 130.95 284.27 125.30 128.62 130.12 113.35 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep HOURS PTO PTO (French language) PTO (English language) PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO
Pau/Pyrenees Perpignan (Rivesaltes) Phalsbourg (Bourscheid AB) Poitiers (Biard) Pontoise (Cormeilles-enVexin) Pori Porto (Francisco Sa Carneiro) Pratica die Mare (Mil) Prestwick Pristina Ramstein (AB) Rayskala Redhill Rennes (St. Jacques) Reykjavik Rodos (Diagoras) Rome (Fiumicino)
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Dep Arr Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep
OST VOR VHF VHF Rota (Navy) VHF Rotterdam RTM VOR VHF Rouen/Vallee de Seine Tel: +33 (0)23 5802419 Rovaniemi ROI VOR Tel: +358 (0)15 4118191 VHF Saarbrucken VHF Salzburg VHF Samedan Samos (Aristarchos of Samos) VHF VHF Samsun (Carsamba) VHF Sandefjord (Torp) Savonlinna SVL VOR Tel: +358 (015)411 8191 VHF Schwabisch Hall VHF Seinajoki VHF Seville (San Pablo) VHF Shannon VHF Shawbury (AB) VHF Shoreham VHF Siegerland Skopje (Alexander the Great) VHF Southampton (Intl)
q$z
SAM VOR
Printed by: KFR1980
E-30
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION Southend Spangdahlem (AB) St. Athan (AB) VOICE FACILITY VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +44 (0)1446 798798 5162 VHF Tel. Fr only: 0130 85 09 86 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF STN VOR Tel: +44 (0) 1851 707444 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +358 (0)3 2835490 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +39 (0)115 675 446 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +358 (0)2 2714666 UTT VOR VAS VOR Tel: +358 (0)6 2126280 VHF VHF VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 136.05 143.42 244.50 132.47 340.45 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep HOURS H24 PTO PTO H24 H24
Arr & Dep
St. Cyr-LEcole
131.02
Arr & Dep
PTO
St. Etienne (Boutheon) St. Gallen (Altenrhein) St. Mawgan (AB) St. Yan Stavanger (Sola) Stockholm (Arlanda) Stockholm (Bromma) Stockholm (Skavsta) Stornoway Strasbourg (Entzheim) Straubing Stuttgart Sumburgh Sundsvall-Harnosand Tampere (Pirkkala) Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees) Tel Aviv (Ben Gurion) Tel Aviv (Sde Dov) Thessaloniki (Makedonia) Torino (Caselle) Toulouse (Blagnac) Toulouse (Francazal AB) Toulouse (Lasbordes) Toussus-Le-Noble Trabzon Tripoli (Intl) Tromso (Langnes) Trondheim (Vaernes AB) Tunis (Carthage) Turku Utti (AB) Vaasa Valencia (Manises) Valley (AB) Varkaus
q$z
132.80 123.77 122.55 132.47 126.00 119.00 121.62 122.45 126.27 115.10 126.92 135.52 126.12 125.85 127.40 133.55 125.95 132.50 122.90 127.55 120.47 123.12 141.75 128.10 127.47 118.62 127.00 126.12 127.55 118.67 130.05 114.60 114.50 121.07 120.72 128.32
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr1 Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep
PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-31
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AIRPORT LOCATION Venice (Tessera) Vienna (Schwechat) VOICE FACILITY VHF WGM VOR STO VOR SNU VOR VHF VHF VHF Tel: +44 (0)1522 720271 7305 VHF VHF VHF WIK VOR Tel: +44 (0) 1955 607596 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +41 (0) 43816 2294 Tel: +41 (0) 43816 2295 ATIS FREQ (MHz) 122.22 112.20 113.00 115.50 122.95 121.72 291.67 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr1 Arr1 Arr1 Arr & Dep1 Dep1 HOURS H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO
Waddington (AB)
Warton Waterford Weston Wick Wiesbaden (AAF) Wilhelmshaven (Mariensiel) Wittering (AB) Wyton Yeovilton Zagreb (Pleso) Zurich
121.72 121.15 118.87 113.60 139.52 250.90 124.32 242.47 279.15 283.92 124.37 128.52 129.00
Arr Arr Arr Arr
& & & &
Dep Dep Dep Dep
PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 H24
Arr & Dep
Arr & Dep Arr Dep
D-ATIS available
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
9 JUN 06
METEOROLOGY
E-41
AUTOMATED AND CENTRALIZED METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES - EUROPE
AUSTRIA
CENTRALIZED BRIEFING/CONSULTATION
Centralized briefing and consultation for domestic aerodromes is available by telephone via the chargeable telephone. Centralized briefing/Consultation Tel: 0900 97 1703
Scandinavia Telefax: +358 (0)9 8277 3090 Public Hours: 2100 - 0300 (0000 UTC) 0300 - 0900 (0600 UTC) 0900 - 1500 (1200 UTC) 1500 - 2100 (1800 UTC) Europe Telefax: +358 (0)9 8277 3092 Public Hours: 1600 - 2200 (0000 UTC) 2200 - 0400 (0600 UTC) 0400 - 1000 (1200 UTC) 1000 - 1600 (1800 UTC)
AUTOMATIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

Automatic Information System Tel: 05 1703 9999 The automatic voice and fax information system provides weather forecasts in plain language, graphical products, METARs, TAFs and warnings for Austria and neighboring countries.
TELETEXT
METAR/TAF as well as area forecast and GAFOR information is presented on Finnish TV Channel 1, teletext pages 428 and 429.
DENMARK
Flight documentation (aeronautical operational meteorological information) is available via the Internet and the information is reached at: http://opmet.dmi.dk Password is required for access, as the information is restricted to aviation users for planning of flights operating from aerodromes within the Danish area of responsibility. Password can be obtained by application in writing to: Danish Meteorological Institute Address: Lyngbyvej 100 Copenhagen DK-2100 Email: [email protected] The information is divided into the following two parts: OPMET, which is the designation of a DMI database containing operational meteorological data i.e. TAF, METAR, SIGMET, upper winds etc. The information can be obtained as single messages, collected in lists or for specified routes. Chart products, which contain aeronautical meteorological charts on upper winds, upper air temperature and Significant Weather (SIGWX). Most of the products are based on data distributed within the World Area Forecast System (WAFS) and are available for most of the ICAO Regions.
FRANCE
AEROWEB
Aeroweb Internet: www.meteo.fr/aeroweb Meteo-France provides an aeronautical specialized service Aeroweb on its web site. Pilots may consult complete meteorological flight files, including: significant weather charts TEMSI France of EUROC, EURAFI...; charts of winds and temperatures in altitude at different flight levels; METAR, TAF, SPECI, SIGMET.
It also provides minimum flight conditions per area and a METAR/SPECI plotting on a chart of France. Information delivered by AEROWEB is also available from OLIVIA interactive terminals or SIA web site. To access AEROWEB, pilots shall have an access code. To obtain a access code An access code is delivered freely to anyone proving an aeronautical activity: for members of the French national aeronautical federation, this code corresponds to the 7-digit license number; no particular procedure is required; for any pilot affiliated to a federation (other than FNA) or not, a request for aeronautical access code, together with the copy of their license or similar document shall be addressed to:
FINLAND
FAX POLLING
Helsinki (Vantaa) Communications Center maintains a fax polling service which provides Significant Weather Charts and wind/temperature charts for FL50, FL100, FL180, FL240, FL300 and FL340 for the Scandinavian area and FL50, FL100, FL240, FL300, FL340, FL390 and FL450 for the European area.
Meteo-France DP/SERVICES - Codes-aeronautiques Address: 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis Toulouse Cedex 31057 Telefax: +33 (0)5 61078079 Email: [email protected]
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AUTOMATED AND CENTRALIZED METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES - EUROPE AEROFAX

Aerofax Telefax: +33 (0)5 61078485 Aerofax is a 24 hours a day free fax polling service available to pilots who have a fax machine with a polling function and a key pad. The pilot is only charged for the fax itself. Pilots can choose from the following documents: TEMSI EUROC, the wind/temperature charts from FL50 to FL100, the TEMSI FRANCE, low altitude charts over France at FL20, FL50 and FL100, and METAR and SPECI over France as well as certain European countries and North Africa. Also available is long TAF and SIGMET for France and some European and North African countries. To get an access code, users who are not members of a federation must forward a copy of their license or similar document to: Meteo-France DP/SERVICES - Codes-aeronautiques Address: 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis Toulouse Cedex 31057 Telefax: +33 (0)5 61078079 Email: [email protected] Foreign pilots are to enclose an access authorization from the meteorological authority of their own country. MET displays (satellite, radar, lightning) for preparing flights. Access to this system is subject to a protocol with Meteo-France. Enquiries should be made to one of the regional offices of Meteo-France.
VFR BULLETINS SERVICE

VFR Bulletins Service Tel: +33 (0)8 92681013 This is a voice service providing bulletins for all France.
CONSULTATION SERVICE
Consultation Service Tel: +33 (0)8 99701215 This is a telephone service to consult an aviation weather forecaster to obtain specific information or explanations about data available from other automated systems.
GERMANY
Individual meteorological Briefing by Advisory Centers for Aviation (ACA) Individual MET Briefing Nearest ACA ACA North ACA East ACA West ACA Center ACA South ACA South-East ACA South-West Calls from abroad 0900 10 77220 (Telefax) 0900 10 77221 0900 10 77222 0900 10 77223 0900 10 77224 0900 10 77225 0900 10 77226 0900 10 77227 +49 1805 250 120 INFOMET MET Office Hamburg MET Office Bremen MET Office Hannover MET Office B-Tempelhof MET Office B-Tegel MET Office B-Schonefeld MET Office Cologne-Bonn MET Office Dusseldorf MET Office Munster 0900 10 88331 self-briefing terminal self-briefing terminal 0900 10 88332 0900 10 88332 self-briefing terminal 0900 10 88333 self-briefing terminal self-briefing terminal
AEROCARTE
This is a multichannel server mainly intended for airline companies and airport facilities and enables them to consult automatically by fax or telephone, all the world area forecast system information in addition to national charts and OPMET, METAR, TAF, SPECI, SIGMET, AIRMET messages available in the EUR region. Applications for AEROCARTE contracts (free of charge) should be sent to the regional office of Meteo-France.
AEROMET
This system intended for commercial aviation use which allows: reception, via the Eutelsat satellite, all information from the world area forecast system in addition to national charts and OPMET, METAR, TAF, SPECI, SIGMET, AIRMET messages available in the EUR region; the dissemination of MET flight data.
Access to this system is subject to a protocol with Meteo-France. Enquiries should be made to one of the regional offices of Meteo-France.
AERONAUTICAL METEOTEL
This system is intended for airline companies, airport authorities, enables users to receive (via Eutelsat) store, visualize and elaborate different kind of
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INFOMET MET Office Leipzig 0900 10 88334 Information Short TAF Area Ireland, U.K. Ireland, South Wales, South West England, Channel Islands North France Long TAF Ireland, U.K., France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands Ireland Ireland, U.K., France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands Ireland, U.K., Near-Continent, daily at: 0500 (valid for 1200) 1100 (valid for 1800) GAFOR/AFWA MET Office Cologne-Bonn MET Office Frankfurt 0900 119 15 19 0900 119 16 19 Upper Level Winds 1700 (valid for 0000) 2300 (valid for 0600) Ireland, U.K., issued daily at: 0500, valid for 1200 1100, valid for 1800 1700, valid for 0000 2300, valid for 0600 Fax-Ext. -0443 -0444
MET Office Dresden MET Office Erfurt MET Office Frankfurt MET Office Saarbrucken MET Office Munich MET Office Stuttgart MET Office Nurnberg
self-briefing terminal self-briefing terminal 0900 10 88335 self-briefing terminal 0900 10 88336 self-briefing terminal self-briefing terminal
-0445 -0461
LAF SIGMET
-0481 -0491
-0470
-0471 -0472 -0473 -0475
IRELAND
MET FAX
The customer specifies the products and dates of transmission. This service is provided by prior arrangement with the: Central Aviation Office Operations Manager Address: Met Eirreann Shannon Airport Tel: +353 (0)61 712950
-0476 -0477 -0478
CENTRALIZED TELEPHONIC METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES

OPMET data for pilots who do not have access to a fax is available via telephone. This number may also be used to obtain OPMET data which is not available on fax. Forecaster briefings are available via telephone. OPMET Tel: 1570 202122 Forecast Briefing Tel: 1570 234234
Weather Dial Fax

Weatherdial fax is a fax polling service within Ireland available to pilots who have a fax machine with a key pad or tone-dialing handset. Met Eireann reserves the right to change the product list without notice. Aviation data on Weather Dial Fax is for personal use only. Dial 1570131838, after the voice prompt enter the code of the product you require: Information METAR Area Ireland, U.K. Ireland, South Wales, South West England, Channel Islands Northern France METAR and TAF Ireland Ireland, South England, Wales Ireland, North England, Scotland Fax-Ext. -0413 -0414
NETHERLANDS
TELETEKST
Low level weather bulletins with METARs of various reporting stations in The Netherlands in the Dutch language are available via the Dutch public TV Teletekst, page 707. The bulletins contain a concise description of the most important weather systems affecting flight as well as the following elements: significant weather, including icing and turbulence; clouds; thermals; height of the zero degree Celsius level if lower than 10000ft; surface wind;
-0415 -0431 -0441 -0442
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upper winds and temperatures at 500, 1500, 3000, 5000 and 10000ft. The forecast are issued with hours of validity: Public Hours: 0500 - 1100 (0400 - 1000 in summer) 0800 - 1400 (0700 - 1300 in summer) 1100 - 1700 (1000 - 1600 in summer) 1400 - 2000 (1300 - 1900 in summer) Amended forecasts are issued as required. An outlook for the following day is issued about one hour before the termination of validity of the last forecast of the day.
Further details available through MWO-Schiphol telephone. MWO-Schiphol Tel: +31 (0)20 3163316
INTERNET
A dedicated web site (http://www.aviationweather.nl) is available, requiring username and password. These can be obtained from the following user organizations: KNVvL, AOPA Netherlands, PBN and VNV (Dutch ALPA). Professional users residing in the Netherlands may contact KNMI. KNMI Email: [email protected]
CENTRALIZED MET
Centralized MET briefings are available from Stockholm (Arlanda) aerodrome as follows: Stockholm (Arlanda) Tel: +46 (0)8 7976340 Telefax: +46 (0)8 59360179 Internet: www.aro.lfv.se Public Hours: H24
The web site contains the following information: OPMET; Weather RADAR; Satellite; SIGWX; UWT; Surface (EUR); Time series; Temp profile.
SWITZERLAND
The Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss is designated as the meteorological authority for the provision of the aeronautical meteorological service for the civil aviation in Switzerland under the supervision of the Federal Office for Civil Aviation. Federal Office for Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss Address: Krahbuhlstrasse 58 P.O.Box Zurich CH-8044 Tel: +41 (0) 44 256 91 11 Telefax: +41 (0) 44 256 92 78 Telex: 817 373 metz ch Email: [email protected] AFTN: LSSWYMYX Public Hours: office hours The aeronautical meteorological department of MeteoSwiss (Flugwetterzentrale) at Zurich Airport is the designated meteorological watch office (MWO) for Switzerland FIR/UIR. The aeronautical meteorological briefing at Basle-Mulhouse airport is within the competence of the French meteorological service. Meteorological information is available at the aerodromes (Selfbriefing Station). They are also available on telephone, FAX, SMS and internet. A quick reference guide containing background information to the main aeronautical meteorological services and products is available for free from www.meteoswiss.ch.
SWEDEN
LOW LEVEL FORECAST FOR IFR AND VFR FLIGHTS BELOW FL125
Low level forecast for IFR and VFR flights below FL125 Tel: +46 (0)20 581000 This service is available only from tone-type telephones with the * and # buttons. Choice of forecast area is made by use of the telephone buttons. Dial the desired number and follow the instructions. If the adequate button is not pressed within a certain period of time, the forecast connected to the line is read out after which the call is ended. The following overviews and forecasts are available: Area A (press 1): southeastern part (press 1) southwestern part (press 2) northern part (press 3) southeastern part (press 1) southern part (press 2) northern part (press 3) northwestern part (press 4) Southeastern part (press 1) southwestern part (press 2) middle part (press 3) northern part (press 4).
Area B (press 2):
Area C (press 3":)
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Telephone: Service Personal flight briefing Flight forecast GAFOR Glider forecast April-September FAX (Polling): Service VFR: text, charts, GAFOR, GAMET IFR: upper air charts, surface forecast, SWC Glider information: text, diagram, charts Balloon and paraglider: wind information SMS: Service GAFOR METAR Keyword GAFOR METAR xxxx (xxxx=ICAO-Code or full name) TAF TAF xxxx (xxxx=ICAO-Code or full name) Internet: Service Internet briefing Switzerland Internet briefing Alpine region Website www.meteoswiss.ch www.alpenflugwetter.com 162 Keynumber 162 162 German 0900 162 320 0900 162 321 French 0900 162 350 0900 162 351 German 0900 162 737 0900 162 121 0900 162 120 0900 162 122 French 0900 162 767 0900 162 151 0900 162 150 0900 162 152 AIRMET Code 20 21 22 Area Ident Southern Region Northern Region Scottish Region
METFAX
Metafax Tel: 09060 700 501 The METFAX is a dial up premium rate service designed primarily for the General Aviation sector and enables low and medium/high level charts for the U.K. and Continental. The METFAX service also includes METAR and TAF bulletins, AIRMET area forecasts, planning forecasts and satellite images.
DIALMET
0900 162 322 0900 162 352 METAR and TAF Service (Dialmet) Tel: 09063 800 400 An automated METAR and TAF service, giving weather reports and forecasts for the U.K., near Continent and Ireland is available. The aerodromes available and the 3 digits to be dialed is published in GET MET booklet that can be obtained from the Met Office or from the web site: Met Office Internet: http://www.metoffice.com/aviation/services/getmet.pdf.
0900 162 323
0900 162 353
UNITED KINGDOM
The United Kingdom provides area Meteorological Watch for the London and Scottish FIR/UIR and for the Shanwick FIR/OCA. The National Meteorological Center (NMC) at Exeter acts as the Meteorological Watch Office (MWO) for these areas.
AIRMET SERVICE PLUS APPROPRIATE AIRMET CODE

Airmet Service Tel: 09065 5004 AIRMET is a general weather briefing service. The basic service consists of 10 routine forecasts, in plain language, covering the U.K. and near continent. Information is provided in text form via AFS, fax and Internet
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TELEPHONE/FAX NUMBERS AND HOURS OF OPERATIONS OF MET STATIONS - EUROPE
ALBANIA
Station Tirana Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (4) 2363368137 Fax: (4) 2375805 Hours H24
ALGERIA
Station Centre meteorologique national Adrar (Touat-Cheikh Sidi Mohamed Belkebir) Algiers (Houari Boumediene) Annaba (Rabah Bitat) Bechar (Boudghene Ben Ali Lotfi) Bejaia (Soummam-Abane Ramdane) Biskra (Mohamed Khider) Constantine (Mohamed Boudiaf) Djanet (Tiska) El Golea El Oued (Guemar) Ghardaia (Noumerate-Moufdi Zakaria) Ghriss Hassi Messaoud (Oued Irara-Krim Belkacem) Illizi (Takhamalt) In Salah Jijel (Ferhat Abbas) Oran (Es Senia) Ouargla (Ain Beida) Tamanrasset (Aguenar) Tebessa (Cheikh Larbi Tebessi) Tiaret (A.Boussouf Ain Bouchekif) Timimoun Tindouf Tlemcen (Zenata-Messali El Hadj) Touggourt (Sidi Mahdi) Zarzaitine (In Amenas) Telephone/Fax Number (021) 5026790, (021) 506791 (049) 969681 (021) 754281, 751209, 506000 (038) 856000 (049) 856257 (034) 211831 (033) (031) (029) (029) (032) (029) 713523 934449 475424 726467 201224 882808 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 07001500 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
(045) 826040 (029) 737905 (029) (029) (034) (041) (029) (029) (037) (046) (029) (049) (043) (029) (029) 411013 730301 449207 337706 705017, 705018 734297, 734673 479297 424108 234523 232096 220166 681755 439040
AUSTRIA
Station Graz Telephone/Fax Number 0900 97 9703-02 (from Austria) 0900 179 1703-2 (from Germany) (05) 1703 4088 (from International) 0900 97 9703-06 (from Austria) 0900 179 1703-6 (from Germany) (05) 1703 4088 (from International) Fax-Voice-System: (05) 1703 9999 0900 97 9703-03 (from Austria) 0900 179 1703-3 (from Germany) (05) 1703 4088 (from International) Hours 03002230 (summer) 02002130 (winter) 03002200 (summer) 02002100 (winter)
Innsbruck
Klagenfurt
03002230 (summer) 02002130 (winter)
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Station Linz Telephone/Fax Number 0900 97 9703-04 (from Austria) 0900 179 1703-4 (from Germany) (05) 1703 4088 (from International) Fax-Voice-System: (05) 1703 9999 0900 97 9703-05 (from Austria) 0900 179 1703-5 (from Germany) (05) 1703 4088 (from International) Fax-Voice-System: (05) 1703 9999 0900 97 9703-01 (from Austria) 0900 179 1703-1 (from Germany) (05) 1703 4088 (from International) Fax: (05) 1703 3406 Fax-Voice-System: (05) 1703 9999 Hours 03002200 (summer) 02002100 (winter)
Salzburg
03002200 (summer) 02002100 (winter)
Vienna (Schwechat)
H24
BELGIUM & LUXEMBOURG

Station Telephone/Fax Number Belgocontrol (Belgium) Tel: (02) 2062001 Fax: (02) 2062035 Tel: 47982028 Fax: 47982035 Direction du Service Meteorologique Adminstration de la navigation aerienne (Luxembourg) Antwerp (Deurne) Tel.: (03) 2856916 Fax EBBR: (02) 2062849 Brussels (National) Tel: (02) 2062850 Fax: (02) 2062849 Charleroi (Brussels South) Tel: (071) 251224 Fax EBBR: (02) 2062849 Liege Tel: (04) 2348573 2348578, Fax: (04) 2348574 Fax EBBR: (02) 2062849 Luxembourg Tel: 47982030 Fax: 47982849 Tel: (059) 551452 Fax EBBR: (02) 2062849 Ostend-Brugge (Ostend) Hours
05301730 (17302200 at adverse weather conditions) H24 H24 H24
H24 H24
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
Directorate of Civil Aviation Banja Luka Mostar Sarajevo Tuzla Tel: (33) 251370 Fax: (33) 251351 [email protected] Tel: (51) 532925 Fax (51) 532925 [email protected] Tel: (36) 352689 Fax: (36) 352689 [email protected] Tel: (33) 472919 Fax: (33) 653431 [email protected] Tel: (35) 745746 Fax: (35) 745532 [email protected]
H24 Mon-Fri 05301300 (exc State Holidays) Mon-Fri 08001600LT Mon-Fri 08001600LT
CANARY IS
Station Meteorological Aeronautical Main Office Las Palmas Fuerteventura Gran Canaria Hierro La Gomera La Palma Telephone/Fax Number (928) 430 603 (928) (928) (922) (922) (922) 530 579 551 873 428 239 917 004 020 006 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
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Station Lanzarote Tenerife North Tenerife South (Reina Sofia) Telephone/Fax Number (928) 821 897 (922) 260 352 (922) 392 116 Hours H24 H24 H24
CROATIA
Station Meteorological Watch Office Zagreb Dubrovnik (Cilipi) Osijek (Klisa) Pula Krk Island (Rijeka) Split (Kastela) Zadar (Zemunik) Zagreb (Pleso) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (1) 6259240 Fax: (1) 6259236 Tel: (20) 799311 Fax: (20) 772311 Tel: (31) 599202 Fax: (31) 599203 Tel: (52) 372521 Fax: (52) 550955 Tel: (51) 654840 Fax: (51) 842095 Tel: (21) 203452 Fax: (21) 895333 Tel: (23) 209206 Fax: (23) 351114 Tel: (1) 6259240 Fax: (1) 6259236 Hours
04302000 (summer) 06001730 (winter) H24 04002000 05002100 H24 04002000 05002100 05001700 06001800 H24 (summer) (winter) (summer) (winter) (summer) (winter)
CYPRUS
Station Meteorological Department Lefkosa Larnaca (Intl) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (392) 2271730 Fax: (392) 2284250 Tel: (04) 630394 H24 Hours
DENMARK
Station Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) Central Forecasting Office (VTC) Aalborg Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (39) 157500 Fax: (39) 271080 [email protected] Tel: (39) 157272 Tel: (98) 171117 Hours
Karup
Tel: (97) 101550 ext 3056, Tel: (97) 101795 (outside hours) Tel: (74) 590900 after tone dial 3451 Tel: (97) 101795 (outside hours)
Vojens/Skrydstrup
H24 Mon-Thu 06001400 (05001300) Fri 06001300 (05001200) exc Hol Mon-Thu 05001430 (04001330) Fri 05001300 (04001200) exc Hol Mon-Thu 05001430 (04001330) Fri 05001300 (04001200) exc Hol
EGYPT
Station Abu Simbel Al Alamain (Intl) Alexandria (Borg El Arab Intl) Alexandria (Intl) Almaza (AB) Aswan (Intl) Asyut (Intl) Cairo (Intl) Dakhla El Arish (Intl)
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Telephone/Fax Number (097) 3440528 (03) 488 5016 (03) 4278774 (03) 4278774 (202) 24157359 (097) 3480320 Ext. 1548 (088) 2317607 (02) 24157348 (092) 7820635 (068) 3320856
Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
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Station El Gouna El Kharga El Tor Hurghada (Intl) Luxor (Intl) Mersa Matruh Port Said Shark El Oweinat (Intl) Sharm El Sheik (Intl) St Catherine (Intl) Taba (Intl) 6th of October Telephone/Fax Number (065) 3580210, 3580211 (092) 7920485 (062) 770252 (065) 3442831, 3444664 (095) 2372575 (046) 4930613 (02) 24157348, (066) 3226672 (095) 372575 (062) 601070 (069) 3470363 (069) 3601070 (02) 2653180/2 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 SR/SS H24 H24 H24 0600SS
FAROE IS
Station Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (39) 157272, 157500 Fax: (39) 271080 Hours PTO
FINLAND
Station FINAVIA - Air Navigation Services Department Halli Helsinki (Vantaa) Helsinki (Malmi) Joensuu Jyvaskyla Kauhava Kemi (Tornio) Kokkola-Pietarsaari (Kruunupyy) Kuopio Lappeenranta Mariehamn Mikkeli Oulu Pori Rovaniemi Savonlinna Seinajoki Tampere-Pirkkala Turku Utti Vaasa Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (09) 8277 3331 Fax (09) 8277 3090 [email protected] (03) 18166435 (09) 82773331, 0600 93808 (forecaster) (09) 82774031 (013) 2727024 (014) 4455820 (06) 1813309 (016) 2118720 (06) 8696820 (017) 477211, 0600 393805 (forecaster) (05) 6806321 (018) 634420 (015) 366427 Tel: (08) 5207802, Fax: (08) 5207798 (02) 61006055 (016) 3636608, 0600 16200 (forecaster) (015) 4118120 (06) 4219620 (03) 2835521, 0600 93803 (forecaster) (02) 2714803 (05) 18125354 (06) 2126130 Hours
HO H24 H24 H24 H24 HO H24 H24 HO H24 H24 HO H24 H24 H24 H24 HO HO H24 HO H24
FRANCE
Station Meteo-France Agen (La Garenne) Ajaccio (Napoleon Bonaparte) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (01) 45567171 Fax: (01) 45567005 (05) 53771206 (04) 95237675 Hours Nil H24 (exc 23002330, 00300100)
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Station Amberieu Telephone/Fax Number (04) 74461520 Hours Mon-Fri 03451615 Sat, Sun & Hol 03451515 (winter +1hr) 02002130 (winter +1hr) 21300200 (winter +1hr) H24 03451615 (winter +1hr) Mon-Fri 03451515 Sat, Sun & Hol 03451315 (winter +1hr) Mon-Fri 04151830 Sat, Sun & Hol 06151830 (winter +1hr) H24 04451700 (summer) 05451615 (winter) Mon-Thu 03451515 Fri 03451315 (winter +1hr) Mon-Fri 06301000, 11301430 (winter +1hr) 04001500 03451545 (winter +1hr) Mon-Thu 03451515 Fri 03451415 Sat, Sun & Hol O/R (winter +1hr) Mon-Thu 04301515 Fri 04301315 (winter +1hr) Mon-Thu 04001500 Fri 04001300 (winter +1hr) Sat, Sun & Hol 05451800 (winter +1hr) Mon-Fri 05301430 Sat, Sun & Hol O/R 1hr (winter +1hr) H24 Mon-Fri 04451815 (winter +1hr) Sat, Sun & Hol O/R PTO H24 Mon-Thu 04451800 Fri 04451200 (summer) Mon-Fri 05451800 Fri 05451200 (winter) 03002359 H24 05002100 (winter +1hr) H24 H24 Mon-Fri 04451715 Sat, Sun & Hol O/R (winter +1hr) Nil 03002400 04001700 (winter +1hr)
Basle-Mulhouse Bastia (Poretta) Beauvais (Tille) Bergerac (Roumaniere)
(03) (03) (04) (03) (05)
89902608 88404288 95591947, 95591948 20976010 53744200
Biarritz (Bayonne Anglet
(05) 59415500
Bordeaux (Merignac) Calvi (St. Catherine) Cambrai (Epinoy) Carcassone (Salvaza) Cazaux Chateauroux (Deols) Creil
(05) 56138239 (04) 95650135 (03)27747548 (05) 68116205 (05) 57155052, 8111205052 (02) 54085858 (03) 44286952
Dax (Seyresse Army) Dijon (Longvic)
(05) 58359567, 58359568 (03) 83526404 (03) 80729212, 83526404 (04) 95710020 Tel: (04) 94124506, 94124689 Fax: (04) 94124640 (04) 4256912081251 (02) 98242017, 98242018 (05) 56138239 (03) 20976010 (04) 98117462
Figari/Sud Corse Hyeres (La Palyvestre)
Istres (Le Tube) Landivisiau (Navy) La Rochelle (Ile de Re) Le Havre (Octeville) Le Luc (Le Cannet)
Lille (Lesquin) Limoges (Bellegarde) Lorient (Lann Bihoue) Lyon (Saint Exupery) Marseille/Provence Metz (Frescaty) Metz-Nancy/Lorraine Montpellier-Mediterranee Nice/Cote dAzur
(03) 20976010 (05) 55309601 (02) 97053172 (04) 72239808 (04)42460325 Tel: (03) 8763111526151 Fax: (03) 87695783 (03)83390613, 88404288 (04) 67209136 (04) 92294855
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Station Nimes (Garons) Telephone/Fax Number (04) 66707809, 66707629 Hours 03451615 Sat, Sun & Hol 07451630 (summer) 04451815 Sat, Sun & Hol 07451415 (winter) H24 04301630 (winter +1hr) H24 Mon-Fri 03451915 Sat, Sun & Hol 04451700 (winter +1hr) 03451700 (winter +1hr) Mon-Fri 06001500 Sat, Sun & Hol 12001500 (winter +1hr) 04301030, 11301530 06001600 (winter +1hr) NIL 03451515 (winter +1hr) 04001600 (winter +1hr) 03451520 (winter +1hr) Mon-Thu 04451500 Fri 04450945 (winter +1hr) H24 H24 H24 04001445 (winter +1hr) Mon-Thu 05001500, Fri 05001300 (winter +1hr) PTO
Paris (Charles-de-Gaulle) Paris (Le Bourget) Paris (Orly) Pau/Pyrenees
(01) (01) (01) (05)
48621966 48629435 49753846 59333202
Perpignan (Rivesaltes) Poitiers (Biard)
(04)68526666 (05) 49376501
Reims (Champagne) Rennes (St. Jacques) Rodez (Marcillac) Romorantin (Pruniers) Rouen/Vallee de Seine Saint Dizier (Robinson) Solenzara Strasbourg (Entzheim) Tarbes (Lourdes-Pyrenees) Toulouse (Blagnac) Toulouse (Francazal) Tours (Val De Loire) Toussus (Le Noble)
(03) 20976010 (02) 99652243 (05) 61710570 (02) 54767147 (03) 20976010 (03) 25565680 Tel: (04) 95568444 Fax: (04) 95576102 (03) 88404288 (05) 62326500 (05) 61710570 (05) 6141880028820, 8111018820 (02) 47294040 (01) 39562143
GERMANY
Station Aeronautical Meteorological Service INFOMET North INFOMET East INFOMET West INFOMET South-East INFOMET Center INFOMET South-West INFOMET South Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (069) 80620 Fax (069) 80622041 0900 0900 0900 0900 0900 0900 0900 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
GREECE
Station National Meteorological Center Regional Meteorological Center Makedonia Regional Meteorological Center ATA HTAF Alexandroupolis (Dimokritos) Andravida Araxos
q$z
Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (210) 9629415, 9628941 Fax: (210) 9628952, 9694646 Tel/Fax: (2310) 473355 [email protected] Tel/Fax: (2410) 230144 (25510) 45232 (26230) 65672 (26930) 55670, 55671 H24 H24 H24
Hours
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-57
q$i

Station Astypalaia Athens (Eleftherios Venizelos Intl) Chania (Ioannis Daskalogiannis) Dekelia (Tatoi) Elefsis Ikaria (Ikaros) Iraklion (Nikos Kazantzakis) Kalamata Karpathos Kassos Kasteli Kastelorizo Kavala (Megas Alexandros) Kefallinia Kerkira (Ioannis Kapodistrias) Kithira Kos (Ippokratis) Larissa Leros Limnos (Ifaistos) Mikonos Mitilini (Odysseas Elytis) Naxos Nea Anchialos (Almiros) Paros Preveza (Aktion) Rodos (Diagoras) Samos (Aristarchos of Samos) Santorini Skiathos (A. Papadiamandis) Skiros Tanagra Thessaloniki (Makedonia) Zakinthos (Dionysios Solomos) Telephone/Fax Number (22430) 61107 (210) 3533683, 3533689, 3533690 (28210) 05667 (210) 8195654 (210) 5505671 (22750) 32863 (2810) 245589 (27220) 45672 (22450) 91035 (22450) 41590 (28910) 55689, 55677 (22460) 70640 (25910) 53274 (26710) 41568 (26610) 39702 (27360) 31091 (22420) 51394 (2410) 515675 (22470) 23777 (22540) 92714 (22890) 24777 (22510) 61286 (22850) 29046 (24280) 45675 (22840) 91485 (26820) 22353 (22410) 82878 (22730) 61477 (22860) 31397 (24270) 21775 (22220) 91700 (22620) 40000 (2310) 473355 (26950) 22358 Hours 06001600 H24 H24 03002100 H24 06001600 H24 H24 05001400 07001400 05001600 05001400 03002000 06001800 H24 06001200 H24 H24 06001200 H24 03301700 H24 06001600 H24 05001500 H24 H24 04001800 05001800 06001800 H24 H24 H24 02001700
IRELAND
Station Connaught Cork Dublin (Intl) Shannon Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (061) 712950 Fax: (061) 712962, 712960 Forecaster: 1570234234 Weatherdial Fax: 1570131838 E-mail: [email protected] Hours H24
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-58
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
q$i
ISRAEL
Station Israel Meteorological Service Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (03) 9682116 Fax: (03) 9604065 [email protected] Aeronautical Meteorological Station Tel: (03) 9756228/7 Fax: (03) 9795258 Eilat Tel: (08) 6363805 Fax: (08) 6363829 Hours
Ovda
Tel: (08) 6323304 Fax: (08) 6323006
Sun-Thu 05302230LT Fri & day before Hol 06001800LT Sat & Hol 07002000LT Sun-Thu 12002000LT; Hol & day before Hol 12001600LT
ITALY
Station Albenga Alghero (Fertilia) Ancona (Falconara) Bari (Palese Macchie) Bergamo (Orio al Serio) Bologna (Borgo Panigale) Bolzano Brescia (Montichiari) Catania (Fontanarossa) Cervia (Mil) Decimomannu (Mil) Florence (Peretola) Foggia (Gino Lisa) Forli Genoa (Sestri) Grazzanise Grosseto Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (0182) 5851201, 5851202 Fax: (0182) 5851214 Tel: (079) 9369065 Fax:(079) 9369044 (071) 5901935 Tel: (080) 5316200, 5859009 Fax: (080) 5316200, 5859066 Tel: (035) 4594038, 4594039 Fax: (035) 4594067 Tel: (051) 4139006, 4139003 Fax: (051) 4139047 Tel: (0471) 255303 Fax: (0471) 255309 Tel:(030) 9656507 Fax: (030) 9656549 Tel: (095) 7236040 Fax: (095) 348856 Tel: (0544) 962420 Fax: 96237 (070) 9662367, 9662398 (forecaster) Tel: (055) 3372400, 3372401 Fax: (055) 3372474 (0881) 650402, 650407 Tel: (0543) 474392, 475401/5 Fax: (0543) 475465 (010) 6059035 (0823) 565583, 562284 Tel: (0564) 445420, 445423 Fax: (0564) 445423 [email protected] Tel: (0968) 410076 Fax: (0968) 410075 Tel/Fax: (0968) 51700 (if other numbers not avbl.) Tel: (0922) 975113 Fax: (0922) 975112 Tel/Fax: (0773) 8212248 Hours 05302030 (04301930) H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 04302230 (03302130) H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 07001900 (06001800) 05002300 (04002200) H24 NIL Mon-Fri 05001700 (04001600) Sat-Hol 06001200 (05001100) H24 H24 0800SS (0700SS) and by Notam Mon-Fri 06001800 (05001700) exc Hol & 6.July 08001530 (06001800) H24 H24 H24 H24
Lamezia (Terme)
Lampedusa Latina
Marina di Campo Milan (Linate) Milan (Malpensa) Naples (Capodichino) Olbia (Costa Smeralda)
q$z
Tel: (0565) 976011 Fax: (0565) 976008 (02) 70143222, 70143221 (forecaster) Tel: (02) 58579453, 58579454, 58580456 Fax: (02) 58580453 Tel: (081) 7070002, 7070003 Fax: (081) 7070005, 7070006 Tel: (0789) 644607 Fax: (0789) 644621
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-59
q$i

Station Padova Palermo (Punta Raisi) Pantelleria (Mil) Parma Pescara Pisa (S. Giusto) Pratica di Mare (Mil) Ravenna Rieti Rimini Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (049) 8727109, 8727109 111 Fax: (049) 8727108 Tel: (091) 7043004, 591407 Fax: (091) 6519093 Tel: (0923) 699183 Fax: (0923) 699182 Tel: (0521) 919011 Fax: (0521) 919012 Tel: (085) 4313320 Fax: (085) 43213251 (050) 928357 Tel: (06) 91282157, 91292426 Fax (06) 91292383 (0544) 437096 Tel: (0746) 481287 Fax: (0746) 256908 Hours Oct-May 08001800 Jun-Sep 08002000 H24 H24 05002300 (04002200) H24 H24 H24 NIL
Rome (Ciampino) Rome (Fiumicino)
Rome (Urbe) Salerno (Pontecagnano) Sarzana (Luni)
Taranto (Grottaglie) Torino (Caselle) Trapani (Birgi Mil) Treviso (Istrana Mil) Trieste (Ronchi dei Legionari) Venice (Tessera) Verona (Villafranca)
Viterbo
May-Sep 08001800 Oct-Apr 08001700 Mon-Thu 07001530 Tel/Fax: (0541) 719426 (06001430) Fri 07001100 (06001000) Tel: (06) 79702518 Fax: (06) 79702671 H24 Tel: (06) 65650263 , 65954347 (forecaster), H24 65650269 (forecaster) Fax: ( 06) 65650267, 65650568 (forecaster) Tel: (06) 88328316 Fax: (06) 88343033 0630SS+30 (0530SS+30) Tel: (0828) 5474002 Fax: (0828) 5474004 0800SS+30 (0700SS+30) Tel: (0187) 272553 Fax: (0187) 272652 Mon-Thu 07001500 (06001400) Fri 07001100 (06001000) exc Hol & 30.Nov Tel: (099) 5626311 Fax: 5626305 07001900 (06001800) H24 Tel: (011) 5675401, 5676808, 5675423, 5676809 Fax: (011) 9975447 H24 (0923) 321096 Mon-Fri 05301930 Tel: (0422) 833242 Fax: (0422) 833525 (04301830) exc Hol Tel: (0481) 771017 771058 Fax: (0481) H24 771050 Tel: (041) 2612023 Fax: 5416257 H24 Tel: (045) 6332252 Fax: (045) 6332287 Mon-Thu 07001530 (06001430) Fri 07001100 (06001000) exc Hol & 29.June Mon-Thu 06301500 Tel: (0761) 355384 Fax: (0761) 355690 (05301400) Fri 06301030 (05300930) exc Hol & 4.Sep
JORDAN
Station Amman (Marka Intl) Amman (Queen Alia Intl) Aqaba (King Hussein Intl) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (06) 4894460 Fax: (06) 48929050 [email protected] (06) 4452901, 4452904 Tel: (03) 2012111 Ext. 244 Fax: (03) 2013608 Hours H24 H24 H24
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
E-60
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
q$i
KOSOVO
Station Telephon/Fax Numbers Meteorological Department Pristina Tel: (38) 5958277, 5958218 Fax: (38) 5958101 [email protected] Hours
LEBANON
Station Beirut (Rafic Hariri Intl) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (01) 628187 Fax: (01) 629046 [email protected] Hours H24
LIBYA, SPAJ
Station Benghazi (Benina) Tripoli (Intl) Telephone/Fax Number (06) 32459 (02) 230711-543, 605043-543, 605025 Hours H24 H24
MACEDONIA, THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REP OF

Station Civil Aviation Adminstration Meteorological Office Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (2) 3148155, 3148203 Fax: (2) 3112026 Hours H24
MADEIRA IS
Station Madeira Porto Santo Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (291) 524215 Fax: (291) 524986 Tel: (291) 982138 Fax: (291) 983101 Hours H24 H24
MALTA
Station Meteorological Office Malta Telephone/Fax Number Tel: 23696527 Fax: 21246694 [email protected] Hours
MOROCCO
Station Agadir (Al-Massira Intl) Casablanca (Mohammed V Intl) Ouarzazate Oujda (Angads Intl) Tanger (Ibn Batouta Intl) Telephone/Fax Number (028) 839045 (022) 539139 (024) 890861 Tel: (036) 690155 Fax (036) 684333 (039) 393624, 393923 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
NETHERLANDS
Station KNMI Aviation Services MWO De Bilt Amsterdam (Schiphol) De Kooy Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (030) 2206721 Fax: (030) 2211371 [email protected] 0900 202 3341 (low level flights - IFR/VFR) 0900 202 3343 (IFR flights above FL 100) (030) 2206721 Tel: (0223) 658979, 658789 Fax: (0223) 658750 Hours
H24 H24 H24 H24
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-61
q$i
NORWAY
Station MWO Bergen MWO Oslo MWO Tromso Bodo Tel: (55) Tel: (22) Tel: (77) Tel: (75) Telephone/Fax Number 236650 Fax: (55) 236703 692562 Fax: (22) 692503 621300 Fax: (77) 621401 537280 Fax: (75) 537281 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24
PORTUGAL
Station Instituto de Meteorologia Cascais Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (21) 8447000 Fax: (21) 8402370 [email protected] Tel: (21) 4457324, 4557325 Fax: (21) 4444917 [email protected] Tel: (289) 818698 Fax: (289) 818456 Tel: (21) 8489305, 8480525, 8489519, 8480647 Fax: (21) 8480635, 8465559 Tel: (22) 9484527 Fax: (22) 9411455 [email protected] Hours
0800 LTSS
Faro Lisbon Porto
H24 H24 H24
SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO

Station Aeronautical Meteorological Department Belgrade (Nikola Tesla) Nis (Konstantin Veliki) Podgorica Tivat Vrsac Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (11) 3218103 Fax: (11) 3240456 [email protected] Tel: (11) 3104 868 Tel/Fax: 3104 956 (18) 515964 (20) 653 070 (32) 671 550 (13) 839 945 Hours
H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
SLOVENIA
Station Aviation Meteorology Service Ljubljana Maribor Portoroz Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (4) 2804514 Fax: (4) 2804518 [email protected] Tel: (4) 2804500 Fax: (4) 2804518 [email protected] Tel: (2) 6296871 Fax: (2) 6296873 [email protected] Tel: (5) 6179120 Fax:(5) 6179124 [email protected] Hours
H24 H24 Mon-Sun 04452130 (03452030) and O/R
SPAIN
Station Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia MAMO A Coruna MAMO Barcelona MAMO Madrid MAMO Malaga MAMO Palma de Mallorca MAMO Santander MAMO Seville
q$z
Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (915) 819857 Fax (915) 819892 (981) 273714 (932) 211568 (915) 045807 (952) 610674 (971) 700377 (942) 393535 (954) 462030
Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
Printed by: KFR1980
E-62
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
q$i

Station MAMO Valencia MAMO Valladolid MAMO Zaragoza A Coruna Albacete Alicante Almeria Asturias Badajoz (Talavera la Real) Barcelona Bilbao Burgos Cordoba Girona Granada (Frederico Garcia Lorca) Huesca (Pirineos) Ibiza Jerez Leon Logrono Telephone/Fax Number 690750 357022 569861 134647 Hours H24 H24 H24 04302230 (summer) 05302330 (winter) H24 H24 05102045 (summer) 06102145 (winter) 05302145 (summer) 06302245 (winter) H24 H24 04452130 (summer) 05452230 (winter) 0600SS (summer) 0700SS (winter) 0600SS (summer) 0700SS (winter) H24 05002115 (summer) 06002215 (winter) 0630SS (summer) 0730SS (winter) H24 (summer) 06302300 (from 1st Nov) 05002100 (summer) 06002200 (winter) 04302130 (summer) 05302230 (winter) MonFri 04302000 (summer) 05302100 (winter) Sat-Sun 07001900 (summer) 08002000 (winter) H24 0700SS (summer) 0800SS (winter) H24 05451830 (summer) 07001730 (winter) 05002230 (summer) 06002100 (winter) MonFri & Hol Exc Sun 05302030 (summer) 06302130 (winter) Sat-Sun 06302030 (summer) 07301230 (winter) H24 04302150 (summer) 05302250 (winter) 07002200 (winter) Thu-Mon 06002100 Tue 0600Wed 2100 (summer) 0600SS (summer) 0730SS (winter)
(963) (983) (976) (981)
(967) 555722 (966) 919215 (950) 220236 (985) 127565 (924) 209632 (933) 708720 (944) 869900 (947) 480727 (957) 214113 (972) 186645 (958) 447079 (974) 280287 (971) 809149 (956) 150069 (987) 300326 (941) 279416
Madrid (Barajas) Madrid (Cuatro Vientos) Malaga Melilla Menorca Murcia (San Javier)
(913) 055782 (916) 493066 (952) 048890 (952) 674416 (971) 361545 (968) 189121
Palma de Mallorca Pamplona Reus
(971) 789219 (948) 312784 (977) 770406
Sabadell
(937) 207724
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-63
q$i

Station Salamanca (Matacan) San Sebastian Santander Santiago Seville (San Pablo) Valencia (Manises) Valladolid (Villanubla) Vigo Vitoria Zaragoza Telephone/Fax Number (923) 306245 (943) 668544 (942) 202114 (981) 599160 (954) 674455 (961) 598653 (983) 369679 (986) 486962 (945) 163543 (976) 324647 Hours H24 05301930 06302030 05302100 06302200 H24 04302300 05300000 H24 05002030 06002130 H24 H24 H24 (summer) (winter) (summer) (winter) (summer) (winter) (summer) (winter)
SWEDEN
Station Swedish Civil Aviation Authority Stockholm (Arlanda) FPC Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (11) 4152100 Fax: (11) 4152250 [email protected] Tel: (08) 7976340 Fax (08) 59360179 Hours
H24
SWITZERLAND
Station Telephone/Fax Number Federal Office for Meteorology and Tel: (044) 2569111 Fax: (044) 2569278 Climatology, MeteoSwiss [email protected] MeteoSwiss Personal Briefing 0900 162737 (German) 0900 162767 (French) MeteoSwiss Flight forecast 0900 162121 (German) 0900 162151 (French) Hours
H24 H24
TUNISIA
Station Telephone/Fax Number Institut National de la Meteorologie Tel: (71) 773400 Fax: (71) 772609 (MWO) [email protected] Borj El Amri Tel: (71) 542825 Fax: (71)542666 Djerba (Zarzis) Tel/Fax: (75) 673109 Gafsa (Ksar) (76) 217626 Monastir (Habib Bourguiba) Tel: (73) 520303, (73) 521102 Fax: (73) 521132 (74) 278790 Sfax (Thyna) Tabarka (7 November) Tel/Fax: (78) 680346 Tozeur (Nefta) Tel/Fax: (76) 453456 Tunis (Carthage) (71) 754000-33939, 755000-32760 Hours
H12 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
TURKEY
Station General Directorate of Turkish State Meteorological Service Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (312) 3601783, 3597545 Ext 2575, 2576, 2577 Tel: (312) 3022575 - 3022576, 3022577 Fax: (312) 3593430, 3597568, 3602551, 3585414 Tel/Fax: (322) 4359174 Hours
Adana
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H24
Printed by: KFR1980
E-64
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
q$i

Station Adana (Incirlik AB) Adiyaman Afyon Agri Amasya (Merzifon) Ankara (Akinci) Ankara (Esenboga) Ankara (Etimesgut) Ankara (Guvercinlik) Antalya Balikesir (AB) Balikesir (Bandirma AB) Balikesir (Korfez) Batman Bursa (Yenisehir) Canakkale Denizli (Cardak) Diyarbakir Elazig Erzincan Erzurum Eskisehir Eskisehir (Anadolu) Eskisehir (Sivrihisar) Gaziantep Hatay Isparta (S. Demirel) Istanbul (Ataturk) Istanbul (Sabiha Gokcen) Istanbul (Samandira) Izmir (Adnan Menderes) Izmir (Cigli) Izmir (Kaklic) Izmit (C. Topel) Kahramanmaras Kars Kayseri (Erkilet) Konya Malatya (Erhac) Manisa (Akhisar) Mardin Mugla (Dalaman) Mugla (Milas-Bodrum) Mus Nevsehir (Kapadokya) Samsun (Carsamba) Sanliurfa (Gap) Siirt Sinop Sivas Terkidag (Corlu)
q$z
Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (322) 3162577 Fax: (322) 3327549 Tel: (416) 2142466 Fax: (416) 2142467 Tel: (272) 2163922 Fax: (272 )2165377 Tel: (472) 2154253 Fax: (472) 2161062 Tel: (358) 5362310 Fax: (358) 5230125 Tel/Fax: (312) 8111791 Tel: (312) 3980307 Fax: (312) 3980501 Tel/Fax: (312) 2431042 Tel/Fax: (312) 3972493 Tel: (242) 3303075 Fax: (242) 3303076 Tel: (266) 2459481 Fax: (266) 2492009 Tel: (266) 7132737 Fax: (266) 71342922 Tel: (266) 3761345 Fax: (266) 3761346 Tel/Fax: (488) 2129053 Tel: (224) 7732669 Fax: (224) 7732668 Tel: (286) 2135719 Fax: (286) 2135720 Tel: (258) 8512885 Fax: (258) 8512784 Tel: (412) 2243477 Fax: (412) 2246038 Tel: (424) 2555582 Fax: (424) 2555855 Tel: (446) 2236329 Fax: (446) 2231127 Tel: (442) 3272660 Fax: (442) 3273273 Tel: (222) 2375934 Fax: (222) 2272438 Tel: (222) 3222059 Fax: (222) 3213550 Tel/Fax: (222) 7114427 Tel/Fax: (342) 5821222 Tel: (326) 2351256 Tel: (246) 5592025 Fax: (246) 5592015 Tel: (212) 6630796 Fax: (212) 6630795 Tel: (216) 5855130 Fax: (216) 5880016 Tel: (216) 3123981 Fax: (216) 8138205 Tel: (232) 2742158 Fax: (232) 2742070 Tel: (232) 3761615 Fax: (232) 3764215 (432) 3275393 Tel: (362) 3713733 Fax: (362) 3712383 Tel: (344) 2366143 Fax: (344) 2366048 Tel: (474) 2125047 Fax: (474) 2125048 Tel: (352) 3512111 Fax: (352) 2512101 Tel/Fax: (332) 3450435 Tel: (422) 3238468 Fax: (422) 3251927 Tel: (236) 4123158 Fax: (236) 4122715 Tel/Fax: (482) 3132106 Tel: (252) 7925269 Fax: (252) 7925268 Tel: (252) 5366580 Fax: (252) 5230125 Tel/Fax: (436) 2130155 Tel/Fax: (384) 4214435 Tel: (362) 8448125 Fax: (362) 8448166 Tel/Fax: (414) 3781133 Tel/Fax: (484) 2542004 Tel: (368) 2611992 Fax: (368) 2602111 Tel: (346) 2248611 Fax: (346) 2249323 Tel: (282) 6824022 Fax: (282) 6824021
Hours H24 05001500 and by Notam H24 05001500 and by Notam H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 05001500 and by Notam 03001800 and by Notam H24 05001500 and by Notam 05001500 and by Notam H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 05001500 and by Notam 05001500 and by Notam H24 By Notam H24 H24 H24 05001500 and by Notam H24 H24 05001500 and by Notam H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 05001500 and by Notam 05001500 and by Notam H24 H24 05001500 and by Notam 05001500 and by Notam H24 05001500 and by Notam 05001500 and by Notam 05001500 and by Notam 05001500 and by Notam H24
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
E-65
q$i

Station Tokat Trabzon Usak Van (Ferit Melen) Yalova Zonguldak (Caycuma) Telephone/Fax Number (356) 2387274 Fax: (356) 2387171 (462) 3256748 Fax: (462) 3250786 (276) 2533748 Fax: (276) 2533747 (432) 2171986 Fax: (432) 2170077 (226) 8141690 Fax: (226) 8130318 (372) 2571741 Fax: (372) 2574073 Hours 05001500 and by H24 05001500 and by H24 05001500 and by 05001500 and by
Tel: Tel: Tel: Tel: Tel: Tel:
Notam Notam Notam Notam
UNITED KINGDOM
Station Head of Met Authority Met OfficeExeter Jersey Kirkwall Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (020) 74536526 Fax: (020) 74536565 [email protected] Tel: (01392) 886420 Fax: (01392) 884156 www.jerseymet.gov.je (01856) 886205 Hours
H24 H24
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Printed by: KFR1980
18 JAN 08
METEOROLOGY
EE-1
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NATIONAL DIFFERENCES FROM INTERNATIONALFORMS - EASTERN EUROPE
AZERBAIJAN
SPECI reports are not included in VOLMET. SIGMET SST is not issued.
Automated local special reports1 when IC, DR, BL, TS, SQ, VA, FC occurs are not issued. In automated reports1 wind directions is reported as variable when the wind speed is 3kt and less; when for meteorological broadcast local routine and special reports are used, wind speed of 99kt or more is always reported as observed value. The following weather phenomena are not reported in the automated reports1 : SG, PL, IC, GR, GS, SA, DU, FU, VA, PO, SQ, FC, DS and SS. The following characteristics of present weather phenomena are not reported in the automated reports1 : TS, SH, FZ, BL and DR. The proximity indicator VC in the automated reports1 is not included. No supplementary information is reported in the automated reports1 . Cloud observations are made near one of the touchdown zones of the runway. Wind shear evidence is reported through METEO INF broadcast. In automated METAR 1 the abbreviations NDV and REUP is not used. The following types of present weather phenomena IC, DR, (DU, SA, SN), BL (DU, SA, SN), TS SQ, VA, FC are not reported in the automated reports1 and the abbreviation UP are not used. The reporting of missing cloud types using /// and the abbreviations NCD and FZUP in automated reports1 is not used. NOTE 1: During non-operational hours of the aerodromes Meteorological observations and reports for Riga airport Local special reports due to an increase in air temperature of 2C or more are not issued. Special observations and reports are made only when air temperature increases to +30C or above and decreases to -30C or below. The occurrence of moderate/severe turbulence, moderate/severe icing and wind shear in the approach and climb-out areas are criteria for the issuance of local special reports. Liepaja and Ventspils airport The following radiotelephony phraseologies different from ICAO standard (ICAO Doc 9377, Appendix 1) are used in METEO INF broadcasts: When wind speed or wind gust speed is above 99kt the observed actual wind speed or wind gust is reported Visibility ten kilometers or more (9999) is pronounced as visibility over ten kilometers NSC is reported as Sky clear below six thousand feet
CZECH
RVR calculations are based on the maximum intensity of the runway lights. SIGMET messages are not issued for transonic and supersonic cruising levels. Wind shear warnings are not issued.
ESTONIA
Information for observing and forecasting of snow accumulation is not available.
KAZAKHSTAN
All wind speed informations are given in MPS (meter per second). RVR observations are made when visibility is 2000m and less. Ceiling is always shown relative to threshold elevation.
LATVIA
METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND REPORTS FOR RIGA, LIEPAJA AND VENTSPILS AIRPORTS
Cloud type is not available in automated reports for Liepaja and Ventspils. The surface wind mean direction is reported in magnetic degrees for Riga airport. The height of the base of clouds reported is not restricted to 5000ft.
FORECASTS
Routine aerodrome forecasts for Ventspils airport are not issued. Landing forecast for Liepaja and Ventspils airports are not prepared. Area forecasts for low-level flights are issued within daytime period only.
SIGMET AND AIRMET INFORMATION, AERODROME WARNINGS AND WIND SHEAR WARNINGS
AIRMET information is issued within daytime period only. Wind shear warnings are issued only for Riga airport.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Meteorological observations and reports for Liepaja and Ventspils airports Local reports are not issued in abbreviated plain language. Local special reports due to an increase in air temperature of 2C or more are not issued. The occurrence of windshear in the approach and climb-out areas are criteria for the issuance of local special reports at Venspils airport.
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
EE-2
METEOROLOGY
18 JAN 08
q$i
LITHUANIA
GENERAL
MET REPORT/SPECIAL reports are not issued in Kaunas and Siauliai aerodromes. SPECI/SPECIAL reports on an increase in air temperature of 2C are not issued. SIGMET messages are not issued for transonic and supersonic cruising levels. Aerodrome forecasts do not include forecast temperatures. Forecasts for take-off shall be prepared on request. Windshear instrument observations are not made. AIRMET information from other states is not provided. Automated pre-flight information system is not available. VOLMET and D-VOLMET information is not broadcast by radio communication. Wind shear warnings are not prepared. Landing forecast for Kaunas and Siauliai airports are not prepared, for Palanga airport are prepared on an irregular basis.
POLAND
All wind speed informations are given in MPS (meter per second). Air traffic services except those on Warsaw/Okecie airport do not possess corresponding wind surface indicators. They obtain current information on surface wind from meteorological stations.
RUSSIA
All wind speed informations are given in MPS (meter per second). RVR observations are made when visibility is 2000m and less. Ceiling is always shown relative to threshold elevaion. RWY-data are included in METAR report after TREND forecast. Reporting of braking action. The official used friction coefficient (Normative FC) in Russia differs from ICAO FC. See table below: ICAO FC 0.40 0.39 0.35 0.29 0.25 0.17 Normative FC Braking Action (Russian FC) and above 0.42 and above Good - 0.36 0.41 - 0.40 Good to Medium - 0.30 0.39 - 0.37 Medium - 0.26 0.36 - 0.35 Medium to Poor - 0.17 0.34 - 0.31 Poor and below 0.30 and below Unreliable
KAUNAS AIRPORT
MET report not issued. No surface wind indicators available. The averaging period for all wind observations is 2 minutes. RVR transmissometer are located at a distance of 1870 (570m) from the rwy threshold. There are no RVR indicators at the Control Centre. RVR in the daytime is equaled to RVR and in the nighttime recomputed into RVR according special tables. In the METAR/SPECI reports, the cloud observations are representative of the middle marker site.
SLOVAKIA
In Reports, METAR and SPECI
Wind speed is given in MPS (meter per second) TREND forecast are not appended to a SPECI. When total variation is between 60 and 180 it is reported as the two extreme directions when wind speed is more than 3kt. When total variation is between 60 and 180 it is reported as variable, with no mean value when wind speed is 3kt or less. RVR calculations are based on the maximum intensity of runway lights.
MOLDOVA
The RVR should assessed within the periods when the visibility makes 2000 m and less in twilight and at night and 1000 m and less by day. The visibility included in TAF refers to the forecast minimal visibility. SIGMET information for supersonic aircraft during transonic and supersonic flight is not issued. In FIR of Moldova the D-VOLMET or VOLMET broadcast is absent. In addition be issued SPECIAL on decrease of visibility MOR in showers less 1000m and less 600m, and also improvements of visibility MOR in showers up to 600m and more, 1000m and more. In reports be used VCTS for indicate of TS in the vicinity of aerodrome.
UKRAINE
Report SPECI on change of temperature of air on 2C are not issued. Speed of a surface wind is measured in MPS (meter per second) In reports METAR/SPECI weather phenomena are representative for immediate vicinities on the aerodrome only for the phenomena of a thunder-storm. In reports METAR/SPECI the data on clouds observation are informed values in the area of the LMM. Reports with used air-ground data link and the automated dependent observation (ADS) in airspace of Ukraine are not provided.
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
18 JAN 08
METEOROLOGY
EE-3
q$i

Forecast for take-off are not made. Remote measurements of a wind shear are not provided. Automated system of preflight information are not organized. Means of aviation mobile service are not used. The exchange of the operative meteorological information in Ukraine is carried out on network GTS. AFTN used as reserve communication. Messages D-VOLMET are not provided. Report SPECI are not included in VHF VOLMET broadcasting.
UZBEKISTAN
Wind speed in METAR and SPECI information is given in MPS (meter per second). The regular weather reports and the coded reports (METAR, SPECI) are included the visibility meanings in the result of RWY-length. In instrumental observations of the visibility reports are included: if RWY-length less than 2000m, the least of two meanings measured in threshold and the end of RWY if RWY-length more than 2000m, the least of two meanings measured in threshold and the middle of RWY RVR measuring and reporting is made if visibility is less than 2000m in the night, 1000m and less in the day. Special messages from aircraft to WCAF are not reported, but it is used in receiver aerodrome. Forecast for take-off is not formed. It is used TREND forecast for take-off and landing. AIRMET information is not issued. In case of danger which was not included to area forecast they are corrected opportunely. Notification about essential divergence in WCAF is not sent. The corrections to the forecasts are made by meteorological service, which received the information about divergence. SPECI information regarding increase the temperature are not issued. SPECI information are not issued if the ceiling is 450m or more and if visibility is 3000m and 5000m or more. The regular weather reports and the coded reports (METAR, SPECI) are included RVR depends on RWY-length if RWY-length is 2000m or less the least of two RVR on both RWY ends is reporting if RWY-length is more than 2000m the least of threshold RVR and middle RVR is reporting. Area forecast in GAMET format are not issued. It is used plain language with accepted abbreviation.
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
30 MAR 07
METEOROLOGY
EE-5
AVAILABILITY OF MET BROADCASTS - EASTERN EUROPE
RADIOTELEPHONY
Identify location for which weather is desired and find station(s) disseminating broadcast. WEATHER FOR: Abakan Aktau Aktyubinsk Almaty Anadyr Anapa Arad Arkhangelsk Ashgabat Astana Astrakhan Atyrau Baku Barnual Batagay Begishevo Belgrade Bishkek Blagoveschensk Bratislava Bratsk Brest Brno Bryansk Bucharest (Baneasa-Aurel Vlaicu)) Bucharest (Henri Coanda) Budapest Bukhara Burgas Ceske Budejovice Chelyabinsk Chernivtsi Chimkent Chisinau Chita Chulman Constanta Dnipropetrovsk Donetsk Dushanbe Frankfurt Gdansk Gomel Grodno Aktau Aktyubinsk Astana, Baku, Tashkent Anadyr Anapa, Rostov-na-Donu, Sochi Budapest Samara, St Petersburg Ashgabat, Baku, Tashkent Astana, Tashkent Astrakhan, Baku, Rostov-na-Donu Atyrau Baku, Sochi Barnual, Novosibirsk Yakutsk Begishevo Bucharest (Henri Coanda), Budapest, Sofia Bishkek, Tashkent Blagoveschensk, Chita, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok Bratislava, Budapest, Prague, Vienna, Lviv Bratsk, Irkutsk Brest, Minsk Prague Bryansk Bucharest (Henri Coanda) Bucharest (Henri Coanda), Budapest, Khmelnytskyi, Sofia Bucharest (Henri Coanda), Budapest, Prague, Sofia, Vienna, Warsaw, Lviv Tashkent Sofia Prague Chelyabinsk, Yekaterinburg Chernivtsi, Khmelnytskyi, Lviv Tashkent Kyiv, Simferopol Chita, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, Neryungri, Yakutsk, Blagoveschenk Chita, Yakutsk Bucharest (Henri Coanda) Dnipropetrovsk, Simferopol, Lviv Dnipropetrovsk Tashkent Minsk Warsaw Gomel, Minsk Grodno AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Abakan, Novosibirsk
Printed by: KFR1980
EE-6
METEOROLOGY
30 MAR 07

WEATHER FOR: Gyumri Irkutsk Istanbul Ivano-Frankivsk Izhevsk Kaliningrad Karaganda Karlovy Vary Kazan Kemerovo Khabarovsk Kharkiv Khudzhand Kolpashevo Kosice Krasnodar Krasnoyarsk Kryvyi Rih Kunovice Kursk Kyiv (Boryspil) Kyiv (Zhuliany) Lensk Lviv Liberec Luhansk Magadan Makhachkala Mineralnyye Vody Minsk-1 Minsk 2 Mirny Moscow (Domodedovo) Moscow (Sheremetyevo) Moscow (Vnukovo) Murmansk Mykolaiv Namangan Neryungri Nizhny Novgorod Novokuznetsk Novosibirsk Nukus Odesa Omsk Orenburg Osh Gyumri Chita, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk Bucharest (Henri Coanda), Simferopol, Sofia Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytskyi, Lviv Yekaterinburg Kaliningrad, St Petersburg Astana, Karaganda Prague Samara Kemerovo Khabarovsk, Magadan, Vladivostok Dnipropetrovsk Khudzhand Novosibirsk Bratislava Rostov-na-Donu, Sochi Irkutsk, Novosibirsk Simferopol Prague Kursk Bucharest (Henri Coanda), Cherkasy, Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv, Minsk, Moscow, Samara Kyiv (Zhuliany), Dnipropetrovsk Yakutsk Khmelnytskyi, Kyiv Prague Luhansk Magadan Baku, Makhachkala Mineralnyye Vody, Rostov-na-Donu, Sochi Minsk Kyiv, St Petersburg Yakutsk Moscow, Samara Kyiv, Minsk, Moscow, Riga, Samara, St Petersburg, Warsaw, Simferopol Cherkasy, Kyiv, Minsk, Moscow, Samara, St Petersburg Murmansk, St Petersburg Simferopol Tashkent Chita, Yakutsk Nizhny Novgorod Novosibirsk Novosibirsk Nukus, Tashkent Khmelnytskyi, Kyiv, Simferopol, Lviv, Dnipropetrovsk Novosibirsk Orenburg, Samara Osh
AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS:
Printed by: KFR1980
30 MAR 07
METEOROLOGY
EE-7

WEATHER FOR: Ostrava Pardubice Perm Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky Piestany Plovdiv Poliarny Poprad Poznan Prague Prerov Pskov Raduzhny Riga Rostov-na-Donu Rivne Samara Samarkand Saratov Semipalatinsk Shymkent Simferopol Sliac Sochi Sofia St Petersburg Stavropol Stockholm Sukhumi Syktyvkar Tallinn Taraz Tashkent Tbilisi Tehran Termez Thessaloniki Timisoara Tomsk Turkmenbashi Tyumen Ulan-Ude Ust-Ilimsk Urgench Varna Ventspils Vilnius Prague Yekaterinburg Magadan, Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky Bratislava Sofia Yakutsk Bratislava Warsaw Berlin (Schonefeld), Bratislava, Budapest, Frankfurt, Prague, Warsaw Prague St Petersburg Raduzhny Kyiv, Minsk, Riga Rostov-na-Donu, Sochi, Dnipropetrovsk Khmelnytskyi, Lviv Moscow, Samara Tashkent Saratov Astana Astana, Shymkent Kyiv, Simferopol, Dnipropetrovsk Bratislava Rostov-na-Donu, Simferopol, Sochi Bucharest (Henri Coanda), Budapest, Sofia Helsinki, Moscow, Riga, Samara, St Petersburg Rostov-na-Donu, Stavropol Riga, Warsaw, St Petersburg Sochi Syktyvkar Helsinki, Riga Astana Baku, Tashkent Baku, Sochi Baku Tashkent Sofia Bucharest (Henri Coanda) Novosibirsk Baku Tyumen, Nefteyugansk, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Salekhard, Nadym, Kogalym. Chita, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude Irkutsk Tashkent Sofia Ventspils Moscow, Riga, St Petersburg
AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Bratislava, Prague
Printed by: KFR1980
EE-8
METEOROLOGY
30 MAR 07

WEATHER FOR: Vitebsk Vladikavkaz Vladivostok Volgograd Voronezh Warsaw Yakutsk Yekaterinburg Yerevan Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Zaporizhzhia Zilina Vitebsk Sochi Khabarovsk Rostov-na-Donu, Volgograd Voronezh Berlin (Schonefeld), Budapest, Khmelnytskyi, Minsk, Moscow, Prague, Warsaw, Lviv Chita, Yakutsk Yekaterinburg Gyumri, Sochi Khabarovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Zaporizhzhia Bratislava AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS:
Printed by: KFR1980
30 MAR 07
METEOROLOGY
EE-11
MET BROADCASTS IN PLAIN LANGUAGE - EASTERN EUROPE
RADIOTELEPHONY
STATION
IDENT
FREQS
BROADCAST TIMES PERIOD H+ cont. cont. 05-10 35-40 H24 H24 H24 NIGHT
FORM
CONTENTS & SEQUENCE Aktau (Russian language) Aktyubinsk (Russian language)
Aktau Aktyubinsk
Meteo Meteo
126.20 127.80 6730 88191 34071 11279

1
METAR TREND METAR TREND
DAY H24 H24 H24 H24 DAY NIGHT H24 DAY H24 NIGHT H24 H24 cont. METAR TREND TAF METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR SIGMET QNH Baku, Tehran, Tbilisi, Turkmenbashi, Ashgabat, Almaty, Tashkent Barnaul (Russian language) Begishevo (Russian & English language) Bishkek (Russian language) Blagoveschensk (Russian language) Bratislava, Prague, Kosice, Poprad, Ostrava Piestany, Sliac, Zilina Bratislava FIR Bratsk (Russian language) Bryansk (Russian language) Bucharest (Henry Coanda), Bucharest (Baneasa-Aurel Vlaivu), Constanta, Timisoara, Belgrade, Kyiv (Boryspil), Istanbul, Budapest, Sofia cont. 25-30 55-60 METAR TREND METAR TREND cont. cont. cont. cont. 10-20 40-50 METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND Almaty (Russian language) Almaty (English language) Anadyr (Russian language) Ashgabat (Russian language) Astana, Almaty, Semipalatinsk, Taraz, Karaganda, Shymkent (Russian language) Atyrau (Russian language) Baku, Astrakhan, Makhachkala (Russian language)
Almaty
ATIS
135.10 129.80
Anadyr Ashgabat Astana
Meteo Meteo Meteo
126.20 126.80 79451 114501 35451 48451
Atyrau Baku
Meteo Meteo
126.60 112791 8819 6730

1
34071 Volmet 114.10
Barnaul Begishevo Bishkek Blagoveschensk Bratislava
Meteo Meteo Meteo Meteo Volmet
129.70 134.20 127.90 126.40 126.20
H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
cont. cont. cont. cont. cont.
Bratsk Bryansk Bucharest (Henry Coanda)
Meteo Meteo Volmet
127.20 124.20 126.80
H24 HO H24
cont. cont. cont.
METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR QNH TREND
Printed by: KFR1980
EE-12
METEOROLOGY
30 MAR 07

STATION IDENT FREQS BROADCAST TIMES PERIOD Budapest Volmet 127.40 H24 H+ 20-25 SIGMET METAR QNH TREND Chelyabinsk Chernivitsi Chita Meteo Meteo Volmet 128.30 134.90 128.30 HO 0520-1900 H24 cont. cont. cont. METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND Budapest FIR Budapest, Prague, Sofia, Bratislava, Belgrade, Arad, Bucharest (Henry Coanda), Warsaw, Vienna Chelyabinsk (Russian language) Chernivitsi Chita, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude, Neryungri, Yakutsk, Blagoveschensk (Russian language) Dashoguz (Russian language) Dnipropetrovsk Dnipropetrovsk, Donetsk, Kharkiv, Rostov-na-Donu, Kyiv (Boryspil), Kyiv (Zhuliany), Simferopol, Odesa Donetsk Gomel (Russian language) Grodno (Russian language) Gyumri (Shirak), Yerevan (Russian language) Irkutsk, Bratsk, Ulan-Ude, Chita Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Blagoveshchensk, Magadan, Yakutsk (Russian language) METAR TREND Irkutsk, Chita, Ulan-Ude, Bratsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk (English language) Ivano-Frankivsk (Russian language) Kaliningrad (Russian language) Karaganda (Russian language) Kazan (Russian language) Kemerovo (Russian language) Khabarovsk, Blagoveschensk, Vladivostok, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Chita, Irkutsk FORM CONTENTS & SEQUENCE
Dashoguz Dnipropetrovsk
Meteo Meteo Volmet
127.40 134.90 126.45
H24 H24 H24
cont. cont. cont.
METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND
Donetsk Gomel Grodno Gyumri Irkutsk
Meteo Meteo Meteo Meteo Meteo
121.30 128.25 124.25 119.50 132671 56911 3116

1
H24 H24 0700-1800 H24 DAY H24 NIGHT
cont. cont. cont. cont. 25-30 55-60 00-05 30-35
METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND
Volmet
125.47
H24
cont.
Ivano-Frankivsk Kaliningrad Karaganda Kazan Kemerovo Khabarovsk
Franko Meteo Meteo Meteo Meteo Meteo Volmet
126.40 122.05 127.80 126.80 128.70 127.87
0500-20002 0500-21002 H24 H24 H24 H24
00-05 30-35 cont. cont. cont. cont. cont.
METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND
Printed by: KFR1980
30 MAR 07
METEOROLOGY
EE-13

STATION IDENT FREQS BROADCAST TIMES PERIOD Khanty-Mansiysk Kharkiv Meteo Meteo 126.40 127.60 H24 H24 H+ cont. cont. METAR METAR TREND SIGMET Khmelnytskyi Volmet 126.37 H24 cont. METAR TREND Khanty-Mansiysk (Russian Language) Kharkiv Kharkiv FIR Budapest, Warsaw, Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Odesa, Rivne Khudzhand (Russian language) Kursk (Russian language) Kryvyi Rih Kyiv FIR Kyiv (Boryspil), Lviv, Minsk-2, Moscow (Vnukovo), Moscow (Sheremetyevo), Riga, Odesa, Chisinau Kyiv (Zhuliany) (Russian language) cont. cont. METAR TREND SIGMET METAR TREND Luhansk Lviv FIR Lviv, Rivne, Ivano-Frankivsk, Budapest, Chernivtsi, Odesa, Bratislava, Warsaw, Dnipropetrovsk Magadan, PetropavlovskKamchatskiy, Yelizovo, Khabarovsk Magnitogorsk (Russian language) Makhachkala (Russian language) Mary (Russian language) Minsk-1 (Russian language) Kyiv (Boryspil), Warsaw, Riga, Moscow (Sheremetyevo), Moscow (Vnukovo), Frankfurt/Main, Gomel, Brest (English language), St. Peterburg/Pulkovo Mogilev (Russian language) FORM CONTENTS & SEQUENCE
Khudzhand Kursk Kryvyi Rih Kyiv
Meteo Meteo Meteo Boryspil Volmet
127.20 127.80 125.87 129.37
0000-18002 H24 H24 H24
cont. cont. cont. cont.
METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND SIGMET METAR TREND
Zhuliany Meteo Luhansk Lviv Meteo Volmet
126.80 124.80 133.32
0600-20002 H24 H24
Magadan
Volmet
126.20
HO
cont.
METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND
Magnitogorsk Makhachkala Mary Minsk-1 Minsk-2
Meteo Meteo Meteo Meteo Volmet
132.80 124.80 128.30 118.40 126.67
H24 H24 H24 0500-18002 H24
Mogilev
Meteo
126.20
HO
cont.
METAR TREND
Printed by: KFR1980
EE-14
METEOROLOGY
30 MAR 07

STATION IDENT FREQS BROADCAST TIMES PERIOD Moscow Volmet 127.87 0300-21002 H+ cont. METAR TREND Moscow (Sheremetyevo), St Petersburg, Kyiv (Boryspil), Moscow (Vnukovo), Warsaw, Helsinki (Vantaa), Moscow (Domodedovo), Vilnius (English language) Moscow (Vnukovo), Mosow (Domodedovo), St Petersburg, Kyiv (Boryspil), Minsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Riga, Ulyanovsk (Russian language) 25-30 55-60 METAR TAF Moscow (Sheremetyevo), Moscow (Vnukovo), Kyiv (Boryspil), St Petersburg (English language) Murmansk (Russian language) Nizhny Novgorod (Russian language) Novosibirsk, Abakan, Barnaul, Krasnoyarsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Kolpashevo, Novokunetsk, Omsk (Russian language) Novosibirsk, Barnaul, Abakan, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk (Russian language) Nukus (Russian language) Odesa FIR Osh (Russian language) Perm PetropavlovskKamchatsky (Russian language) Polyarny (Russian language) Prague FIR Prague, Bratislava, Zurich, Munich, Frankfurt/Main, Berlin (Schonefeld), Warsaw, Budapest Brno, Ostrava, Pardubice, Prague, Prerov Karlovy Vary, Liberec, Kunovice Riga (S), Vilnius (S), Tallinn (S), Stockholm (S), Moscow (Sheremetyevo), St Petersburg FORM CONTENTS & SEQUENCE
128.12
H24
Meteo
132791 100901 46631
DAY H24 NIGHT H24 1600-0400 H24 DAY NIGHT H24 H24
Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novosibirsk
Meteo Nizhny Meteo Meteo
127.40 127.80 88881 113181 28691 6693
cont. cont. 40-45 10-45
METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND
Volmet
128.30
cont.
METAR Forecast
Nukus Odesa Osh Perm PetropavloskKamchatsky Polyarny Prague
Meteo
127.20
H24 H24
METAR TREND SIGMET METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR SIGMET METAR TREND
Meteo Meteo Meteo
134.20 126.40 126.80
0100-17002 H24 H24
Meteo Volmet
127.20 128.60
HO H24
cont. cont.
125.52
H24
METAR TREND METAR
Riga
Volmet
127.65
H24
cont.
METAR TREND Forecast SIGMET (S)
Printed by: KFR1980
30 MAR 07
METEOROLOGY
EE-15

STATION IDENT FREQS BROADCAST TIMES PERIOD Rostov-na-Donu Rostov Meteo 112971 89391 6617 29411 Salekhard Samara Meteo Volmet 127.80 126.87 DAY H24 NIGHT PTO H24 cont. cont. METAR METAR TREND H+ 25-30 55-60 METAR TREND Rostov-na-Donu, Krasnodar, Sochi, Mineralnyye Vody, Stavropol, Volgograd, Anapa, Astrakhan (Russian language) Salekhard Samara, Ulyanovsk, Kazan, Saratov, Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, Ufa, Orenburg (Russian language) Samara, Kazan, Orenburg (Russian language) FORM CONTENTS & SEQUENCE
Meteo
113181 88881 2693 6693
DAY H24 NIGHT H24 H24 H24
15-20 45-50
Samarkand Saratov
Meteo Meteo
127.80 135.10
cont. cont.
METAR TREND MET Report TREND METAT TREND
Samarkand (Russian language) Saratov (Tsentralny) (Russian language) Shymkent (Russian language) Simferopol FIR Simferopol, Odesa, Mykolaiv, Dnipropetrovsk, Istanbul, Sochi, Kryvyi Rih, Chisinau, Moscow (Sheremetyevo) Sochi, Rostov-na-Donu, Yerevan, Tbilisi, Mineralnyye Vody, Anapa, Krasnodar, Vladikavkaz (Russian language) Sofia, Varna, Burgas, Plovdiv, Budapest, Bucharest (Henry Coanda), Belgrade, Thessaloniki, Istanbul St Petersburg, Moscow (Sheremetyevo), Moscow (Vnukovo), Minsk-2, Kaliningrad, Vilnius, Stockholm (Arlanda), Helsinki (Vantaa) St Petersburg, Arkangelsk, Murmansk, Pskov, Kaliningrad, Moscow (Domodedovo), Moscow (Sheremetyevo), Moscow (Vnukovo) (Russian language)
Shymkent Simferopol
Meteo Volmet
126.60 128.12
H24 H24 cont.
SIGMET METAT TREND
Sochi
Volmet
129.37
H24
cont.
METAR TREND
Sofia
Volmet
126.60
H24
cont.
METAR TREND
St Petersburg
Volmet
125.87
0530-17002
cont.
METAR TREND
Meteo
112971 89391 6617 29411
DAY H24 NIGHT
05-15 35-45
Syktyvkar
Meteo
113181 88881 2869

1
DAY H24 NIGHT H24
00-05 30-35
METAR TREND
Syktyvkar (Russian language)
126.60
cont.
Printed by: KFR1980
EE-16
METEOROLOGY
30 MAR 07

STATION IDENT FREQS BROADCAST TIMES PERIOD Tashkent Volmet 125.47 H24 H+ cont. METAR TREND Tashkent, Dushanbe, Astana, Samarkand, Chimkent, Bishkek Tashkent, Samarkand, Bishkek, Nukus, Chimkent, Bukhara, Termez, Astana, Namangan (Russian language) DAY cont. METAR TREND Tashkent, Dushanbe, Nukus, Samarkand, Hudjant, Ashgabat, Namangan, Urgench, Bishkek (Russian language) Tashkent, Dushanbe, Nukus, Samarkand, Hudjant, Ashgabat, Namangan, Urgench, Bishkek (Russian language) Tashkent, Almaty, Dushanbe, Samarkand, Bukhara, Termez, Urgench 01001800 cont. 20-25 50-55 METAR TREND METAR TREND Tyumen Meteo 113181 8888 6693 28691 Ulan-Ude Ventspils Vitebsk Vladivostok Meteo Met Report Meteo Volmet 126.60 126.8 126.40 126.40 DAY H24 NIGHT H24 H24 0400-1800 H24 cont. cont. cont. cont. METAR TREND METAR METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR TREND Turkmenabat (Russian Language) Turkmenbashi (Russian Language) Tyumen, Nefteyugansk, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Khanty-Mansiysk, Salekhard, Nadym, Kogalym Ulan-Ude (Russian language) Ventspils Vitebsk (Russian language) Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Blagoveschensk (Russian language) Volgograd (Russian language) Voronezh (Russian language) Warsaw (Q) (T), Poznan, Gdansk, Moscow (Sheremetyevo) (T), Budapest (T), Prague (T), Berlin (Schonefeld) (T), Copenhagen (T), Stockholm (T) FORM CONTENTS & SEQUENCE
128.80
Meteo
112791
88191 6730 37041
H24 NIGHT
METAR TREND Forecast
132791 100901 46631 Turkmenabat Turkmenbashi Meteo Meteo 127.60 127.80
DAY H24 NIGHT H24 H24
Volgograd Voronezh Warsaw
Meteo Meteo Volmet
132.80 120.80 127.60
H24 0200-1900 H24
cont. cont. cont.
METAR TREND METAR TREND METAR QRH (Q) TREND (T)
Printed by: KFR1980
30 MAR 07
METEOROLOGY
EE-17

STATION IDENT FREQS BROADCAST TIMES PERIOD Yakutsk Meteo 88611 5691 2200-1400 H24 H+ 10-15 40-45 METAR TREND Yakutsk (Russian language, Met and TREND), Batagay, Mimy, Poliarny, Lensk, Neryungri/Chulman (METAR) Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian language) Zaporizhzhia FORM CONTENTS & SEQUENCE
YuzhnoSakhalinsk Zaporizhzhia 1. SSB only
Meteo Meteo
126.20 126.40
H24 H24
cont. cont.
METAR TREND METAR TREND
Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
EE-21
q$i
AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE (ATIS) - EASTERN EUROPE
ATIS
The listing below includes airports served by an ATIS within Eastern Europe Charts coverage. Airports are listed alphabetically, under the name shown on the Jeppesen Instrument Approach Charts, with civil airports by city name, followed by airport name when difAIRPORT LOCATION Abakan Aktau Aktyubinsk Almaty Anadyr (Ugolny) Arkhangelsk (Talagi) Astana Astrakhan Atyrau Baku (Heydar Aliyev Intl) Bratislava (M.R. Stefanik) Brno (Turany) Bucharest (Henri Coanda) Budapest (Ferihegy) Burgas Chisinau (Intl) Chita (Kadala) Constanta (Mihail Kogalniceanu-Constanta) Dushanbe Elista Ganja Gdansk (Lecha Walesy) Gyumri (Shirak) Irkutsk Ivano-Frankivsk Karlovy Vary Kazan Khabarovsk (Novy) VOICE FACILITY VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +420 545521222 VHF BUD VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +420 353 239 798 VHF VHF
ferent, or with military airport/facility name. ATIS information for frequencies lower than 137.00MHz is also provided on Jeppesen Instrument Approach Charts and Jeppesen Enroute Charts communications tabulations.
ATIS FREQ (MHz) 126.20 130.10 126.20 126.00 129.80 135.10 125.40 126.20 126.67 127.70 128.30 131.50 127.40 126.40 126.80 128.65 132.45 118.50 117.30 132.37 120.95 125.22 126.40 118.75 126.20 126.40 119.25 129.62 128.70 126.90 124.85 126.40 118.95 126.80 124.87
INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep
HOURS UTC H24 PTO (Russian only) PTO H24 (Russian only) PTO H24 PTO H24 (Russian only) H24 PTO (Russian only) H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO (Russian only) PTO H24 PTO (Russian only) PTO PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 (Russian language, English O/R) H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24
H24
H24
H24
H24
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep
Khanty-Mansiysk Kharkiv (Osnova) Khudzhand Kogalym Krakow (Balice) Krasnodar (Pashkovskiy)

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VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF
126.40 127.60 127.20 123.40 126.12 121.80
Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr
& & & & & &
Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep
Printed by: KFR1980
EE-22
METEOROLOGY
23 JAN 09
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AIRPORT LOCATION Krasnoyarsk (Yemelyanovo) Kryvyi Rih (Lozuvatka) Kyiv (Boryspil) Kyiv (Zhuliany) Lviv Magadan (Sokol) Mineralnyye Vody Minsk (Minsk 2) Mirny Moscow (Domodedovo) Moscow (Sheremetyevo) Moscow (Vnukovo) Nakhchivan Nizhny Novgorod (Strigino) Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo) Odesa Omsk (Tsentralny) Orenburg Ostafyevo Ostrava (Mosnov) Palanga (Intl) Perm (Bolshoye Savino) Prague (Ruzyne) Riga (Intl) Rostov-na-Donu Samara (Kurumoch) Samarkand Saratov (Tsentralny) Shymkent Simferopol Sochi Sofia St Petersburg (Pulkovo) Surgut Syktyvkar Tallinn VOICE FACILITY VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +371 7300767 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +372 6258260 VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 126.80 125.87 126.70 126.80 128.70 127.40 127.40 128.85 135.85 126.60 128.30 122.95 125.12 126.37 125.87 127.50 127.80 127.40 124.80 126.40 126.40 127.60 118.05 127.80 126.40 122.15 121.20 121.70 134.90 131.30 127.80 135.10 119.20 127.20 126.20 124.05 127.40 127.30 124.80 126.60 124.87 4,645.00 126.80 132.80 121.70 124.80 118.07 126.80 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep HOURS UTC H24 (Russian only) H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 (Russian H24 (Russian H24 H24 (Russian H24 H24 (Russian H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 (Russian only) H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 (Russian only) H24 H24 (Russian only) PTO H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
only) only) only) only)
Tashkent (Yuzhny) Tbilisi Tyumen (Roshchino) Ufa Varna Ventspils (Intl)

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Printed by: KFR1980
23 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
EE-23
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AIRPORT LOCATION Vilnius (Intl) Vitebsk Vladivostok (Knevichi) Vodochody VOICE FACILITY VHF VHF VHF VHF Tel: +420 731-135187 VHF VHF Tel: +48 22-650-2111 VHF VHF VHF VHF ATIS FREQ (MHz) 125.80 126.40 127.80 129.75 INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep HOURS UTC H24 PTO (Russian only) H24 H24 (Czech and English language) H24 H24 H24 (Russian only) H24 H24 H24
Volgograd (Gumrak) Warsaw (Okecie) Yakutsk Yaroslavl (Tunoshna) Yekaterinburg (Koltsovo) Yerevan (Zvartnots)
1
129.90 120.45 126.20 127.35 127.80 119.50
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep
D-ATIS available
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Printed by: KFR1980
16 FEB 07
METEOROLOGY
EE-41
AUTOMATED AND CENTRALIZED METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES - EASTERN EUROPE
LATVIA
AUTOMATED AND CENTRALIZED METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES - EASTERN EUROPE
MOLDOVA
Aeronautical Terminal Information Service (ATIS-Broadcast)
Chisinau International Airport: 133.70 (H24) Auto Answer: Tel: +373 22 50 29 22 Tel: +373 22 52 54 22
Aeronautical Terminal Information Service (ATIS-Broadcast)

Information available The following information is included broadcasting in the following order: a) Riga Intl b) message designator c) observation (issue time) in UTC d) type of approach to be expected e) runway in use f) significant runway surface conditions g) breaking condition h) braking coefficient, if appropriate i) holding delay, if appropriate j) transition level k) essential operational information l) surface wind direction and speed, including significant variation m) visibility n) runway visual range, when applicable o) present weather p) cloud, if below 5000ft and/or CB, if the sky is obscured vertical visibility q) air temperature r) dew point temperature s) QNH t) any available information on significant meteorological phenomena1 u) TREND forecast2 v) specific ATIS instructions 1.Only information about wind shear, moderate/heavy turbulence and moderate/heavy icing for arriving and departing aircraft is included. A wind shear information is cancelled when any aircraft report indicates that wind shear no longer exists, or alternatively, after the elapsed time period of 30 min. Information of turbulence and/or icing is cancelled when any aircraft report indicates that this significant weather condition no longer exists, or alternatively, after the elapsed time period of 2 hrs. 2.New TREND is criteria for ATIS broadcast update. Telephone and Remarks Tel: +371 7300 767 The broadcast is continuous and repetitive, regularly issued at every 50 minute of consecutive hour and updated based on special criteria and changes in AIS information.
ROMANIA
Meteorological Information Terminal available at any Romanian Aeronautical MET Office by AFS
Information available TAF; METAR; SIGMET Telephone, Fax and Remarks Contact Romanian MET Offices or National Centre of Aeronautical Meteorology AFS: LROMYMYX
SLOVENIA
Service name TV SLO (teletext page 165) www.arso.gov.si Information available Special FCST for General Aviation (Slovenian language only) METARs, TAFs 9 hours, SIGMETs, retards, correction and amendments of data Telephone and Fax Tel: +386 42804 500 Fax: +386 42804 518
Fax - polling reception (avbl 0500-1900 UTC)
Fax: +386 42804 518
Printed by: KFR1980
19 JAN 07
METEOROLOGY
EE-51
TELEPHONE/FAX NUMBERS AND HOURS OF OPERATIONS OF MET STATIONS -
ARMENIA
TELEPHONE/FAX NUMBERS AND HOURS OF OPERATIONS OF MET STATIONS - EASTERN EUROPE
Station Gyumri (Shirak) Yerevan (Zvartnots)
Telephone/Fax Number Tel/Fax: (41) 40958 Tel/Fax: (1) 593360 H24 H24
Hours
AZERBAIJAN
Station Baku (Heydar Aliyev Intl) Telephone/Fax Number (12) 4971714 Tel/Fax: 4972758 H24 Hours
BELARUS
Station State Aviation Committee Telephone/Fax Number (17) 2225392, Fax: 2227728 H24 Hours
BULGARIA
Station Aeronautical Meteorological Service Headquarters Plovdiv 1. Daylight Savings Time subtract 1 HR Telephone/Fax Number (2) 9371260, 9371262, 9371263 Fax: (2) 9800043 Actual Meteorological Information is available on TWR frequency Hours 0630-15001 H24
CZECH
Station Brno (Turany) Holesov Karlovy Vary Kunovice Liberec Ostrava (Mosnov) Pardubice Prerov Prague (Ruzyne) Vodochody 1.Daylight Savings Time subtract 1 HR Telephone/Fax Number Tel/Fax: 545216487 Tel/Fax: 573394828 Tel/Fax: 353331104 572817630 Tel/Fax: 485103887 597471131, Tel/Fax: 597471129 973242240, Fax: 973242784 973421046, Fax: 973421043 244032237, 244032263 Tel/Fax: 220113416 Tel/Fax: 255762609 Mon-Fri 0630-14001 H24 H24 H24 Mon-Fri 0700-15001 other times O/R H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 Hours
ESTONIA
Station EMHI (Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institut) Telephone/Fax Number 666 0932 H24 Hours
GEORGIA
Station Batumi Kutaisi (Kopitnari) Tbilisi 1.Daylight Savings Time subtract 1 HR Telephone/Fax Number (222) 74863 (77) 473943 (32) 947243 Hours 0500-19001 0500-17001 H24

Printed by: KFR1980
EE-52
METEOROLOGY
19 JAN 07
TELEPHONE/FAX NUMBERS AND HOURS OF OPERATIONS OF MET STATIONS -
HUNGARY
Station Budapest (MET Centre) Telephone/Fax Number (361) 3464600, 3464655 Fax: (361) 3464685 H24 Hours
KAZAKHSTAN
Station Aktau Aktyubinsk Almaty Astana Karaganda Kostanay Pavlodar Semipalatinsk Shymkent Taraz Ust-Kamenogorsk Telephone/Fax Number (3292) 430094 (3132) 227942 (3272) 574308 (3172) 972360 (3212) 496424 (3142) 285502 (3182) 491235 (3222) 446947 (3252) 945706 (3262) 316134 (3232) 296581 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 0200-1400 H24 H24 H24 Hours
KYRGYZSTAN
Station Meteorological Provision Department Telephone/Fax Number (312) 903436, 903944 Fax: (312) 903093 H24 Hours
LATVIA
Station Liepaja (Intl) Riga (Intl) Ventspils (Intl) 1.Daylight Savings Time subtract 1 HR Telephone/Fax Number Tel/Fax: (34) 07592 (7) 207759, 207891, 142005 Fax: (7) 207895 (7) 142005 H24 0700-1430 H24 Hours
1
LITHUANIA
Station Siauliai Vinlius (Intl) Telephone/Fax Number 45507012 Fax: 41542050 52739297, 52739298 Fax: 52166819 H24 H24 Hours
MOLDOVA
Station Chisinau AWOS Telephone/Fax Number (22) 502923 H24 Hours
POLAND
Station Bialystok (Krywlany) Bydgoszcz (Szwederow) Gdansk (Lecha Walesy) Katowice (Pyrzowice) Krakow (Balice) Lodz (Lublinek) Poznan (Lawica) Rzeszow (Jasionka) Telephone/Fax Number (85) 7486150 Fax: 7486183 (52) 5877343, 5877314 (58) 3481191 Fax: 3495678 Fax: (32) 2845056 (12) 2855072 (42) 6875860, Fax: 6886933 (61) 8492291, Fax: 8681791 (17) 8597398, Fax: 8533211 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 Hours

Printed by: KFR1980
19 JAN 07
METEOROLOGY
EE-53
TELEPHONE/FAX NUMBERS AND HOURS OF OPERATIONS OF MET STATIONS Station Swidnik Telephone/Fax Number (81) 7512061 Ext. 5670 Hours Mon-Fri (Sat, Sun, Hol O/R) 1 Oct - 31 Mar 0700-1500, 1 Apr - 30 Sep 0700-SS Szczecin (Goleniow) Warsaw (Okecie) Wroclaw (Strachowice) Zielona Gora (Babimost) (91) 4817613, Fax: 4817650 (22) 6501591, Fax: 6501592 (71) 3581390, Fax: 3737705 (61) 8495155, 8495158, Fax: 8495153 H24 H24 H24 Mon-Fri: 0400-2000 Sat: 0400-1200 Sun: 0900-19301 1.Daylight Savings Time subtract 1 HR
ROMANIA
Station Arad Bacau Baia Mare (Tautii-Magheraus) Bucharest (Baneasa-Aurel Vlaicu) Bucharest (Henri Coanda) Caransebes Cluj-Napoca Constanta (Mihail Kogalniceanu-Constanta) Craiova Iasi Oradea Satu Mare Sibiu Suceava (Stefan Cel Mare) Targu Mures (Transilvania-Targu Mures) Timisoara (Traian Vuia) Tulcea (Cataloi) 1.Daylight Savings Time subtract 1 HR Telephone/Fax Number Tel/Fax: (257) 281532 Tel/Fax: (234) 585180 (62) 276260 Fax: 293260 Tel/Fax: (21) 2305031 (21) 2032153 Fax: 2032152 Fax: (255) 516715 Tel/Fax: (264) 416855 Tel/Fax: (241) 258563 Tel/Fax: (251) 410631 Tel/Fax: (232) 271530 Tel/Fax: (259) 418554 Tel/Fax: (261) 770010 Fax: (269) 228088 Tel/Fax: (230) 535603 Tel/Fax: (265) 328251 Tel/Fax: (256) 295915 Tel/Fax: (240) 511420 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 0600-14001 H24 H24 Mon-Fri 0600-14001 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 Hours
RUSSIA
Station Federal Hydrometeorological and Environment Monitoring Authority of Russia (Roshydromet) Telephone/Fax Number (95) 2521486 H24 Hours
SLOVAKIA
Station Slovak Hydrometeorol. Institute Forecasting & MET Watch Office Kosice Lucenec Nitra Piestany Poprad (Tatry) Telephone/Fax Number (02) 48574263, Fax: 43338548 [email protected] Tel/Fax: (055) 6222255 (047) 439 4353 (037) 6534808 (033) 7625955 Tel/Fax: (052) 7765551 0500-20001 H24 0600-18001 0500-17001 H24 Hours

Printed by: KFR1980
EE-54
METEOROLOGY
19 JAN 07
TELEPHONE/FAX NUMBERS AND HOURS OF OPERATIONS OF MET STATIONS Station Prievidza Sliac Zilina 1.Daylight Savings Time subtract 1 HR Telephone/Fax Number (046) 5413624 (045) 5442313 Tel/Fax: (041) 5572427 H24 H24 Hours 0500-20001
TAJIKISTAN
Station State Air Company Telephone/Fax Number (3772) 213283, 212145 Fax: (3772) 218685, 510041 H24 Hours
TURKMENISTAN
Station State National Service Telephone/Fax Number Tel/Fax: (99312) 231352 H24 Hours
UKRAINE
Station Cherkasy Donetsk Kharkiv Kryvyi Rih Kyiv (Antonov) Kyiv (Boryspil) Kyiv (Zhuliany) Odesa Samara (Kurumoch) Simferopol UkSATSE MET Department Zaporizhzhia (Mokraya) 1.Daylight savings Time subtract 1 HR Telephone/Fax Number (472) 634664 (62) 3447511 (572) 516413 (564) 270717 (44) 4542905 Fax: 9731661 (44) 2817321 Fax: 2817979 (44) 2412414 Tel/Fax: (482) 641939 (846) 2295309 (652) 295359 (38044) 4615903, Fax: 2462073 [email protected] (612) 721 4380, 721 4612 O/R H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 0700-16001, except SAT, SUN, HOL H24 Hours
UZBEKISTAN
Station Bukhara Samarkand Tashkent (Yuzhny) Termez Urgench Telephone/Fax Number (652) 253466 (662) 321716, 320272 (712) 545951 (76) 23264 (62) 2260330 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 Hours

Printed by: KFR1980
8 SEP 06
METEOROLOGY
ME-3
AVAILABILITY OF MET BROADCASTS - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA
RADIOTELEPHONY
Identify location for which weather is desired and find station(s) disseminating broadcast. Contents of broadcast of each station see table below. WEATHER FOR: Abadan Abu Dhabi Ahmedabad Almaty Alexandria Al Udeid Amman Ankara (Esenboga) Antalya Ashgabat Astrakhan (Narimanovo) Aswan Baku (Bina) Bahrain Bangkok Basrah Beirut (Rafic Hariri Intl) Cairo Chiang Mai Chennai Colombo Damascus Dammam (King Fahd Intl) Delhi Dhaka Doha Dubai Elat Hurghada Islamabad Istanbul Izmir (Adnan Menderes) Jeddah (King Abdulaziz Intl) Jerusalem Kabul Kandahar Karachi Kathmandu Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Kuwait Lahore (Intl) Larnaca Luxor AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Beirut Abu Dhabi ATIS, Bahrain, Kuwait Mumbai Baku Cairo Royal Air Force Beirut Ankara, Beirut, Istanbul, Nicosia Istanbul Baku, Royal Air Force Baku Cairo Baku, Royal Air Force Bahrain, Beirut, Kuwait, Royal Air Force Bangkok, Ankara, Cairo, Nicosia Royal Air Force Beirut, Ankara Athens, Beirut, Cairo Bangkok Mumbai Mumbai Beirut, Cairo, Nicosia Bahrain, Kuwait Delhi, Karachi, Kolkata Bangkok, Kolkata Bahrain, Kuwait Bahrain, Dubai ATIS, Kuwait Tel Aviv Royal Air Force Karachi Ankara, Athens, Beirut, Bucharest (Henri Coanda), Istanbul, Nicosia, Sofia Ankara, Istanbul Bahrain, Cairo Tel Aviv Royal Air Force Royal Air Force Karachi, Mumbai Kolkata Kolkata Bangkok Bahrain, Beirut, Royal Air Force Karachi Athens, Beirut, Cairo, Nicosia, Tel Aviv Cairo
Printed by: KFR1980
ME-4
METEOROLOGY
8 SEP 06

WEATHER FOR: Makhachkala Mashhad Mugla Mumbai Muscat (Seeb Intl) Nawabshah Ovda Paphos Phuket Ras Al Khaimah (Khaimah Intl) Riyadh (King Khalid Intl) Salalah Sharjah Shiraz Singapore Tashkent Tbilisi Tehran (Mehrabad Intl) Tel Aviv Thumrait Trabzon Turkmenbashi U-Taphao Yangon AVAILABLE FROM STATIONS: Baku Kuwait Istanbul Karachi, Kolkata, Mumbai Bahrain, Muscat, Royal Air Force Karachi Tel Aviv Nicosia Bangkok Bahrain Bahrain, Riyadh, Kuwait Royal Air Force Bahrain, Sharjah ATIS Kuwait Karachi Baku Baku, Royal Air Force Baku, Beirut, Kuwait Nicosia, Tel Aviv Royal Air Force Royal Air Force Baku Bangkok Bangkok, Kolkata
Printed by: KFR1980
8 SEP 06
METEOROLOGY
ME-5
MET BROADCASTS IN PLAIN LANGUAGE - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA
RADIOTELEPHONY
STATION Abu Dhabi
IDENT AUH
FREQS. 113.00
BROADCAST TIMES PERIOD H24 H+ cont.
FORM MET Report TREND MET Report TREND MET Report TREND QNH
CONTENTS & SEQUENCE Abu Dhabi
Ankara
Esenboga Volmet Broadcast Volmet
127.00
H24
cont.
Ankara (Esenboga), Istanbul (Ataturk), Izmir (Adnan Menderes), Beirut Bahrain, Dammam (King Fahd Intl), Jeddah (King Abdulaziz Intl), Riyadh, Kuwait, Abu Dhabi (Intl), Dubai, Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah, Muscat (Seeb Intl), Doha (Intl) Baku (Bina), Astrakhan (Narimanovo), Makhachkala (Russian language)
Bahrain
128.80
H24
cont.
Baku
Meteo
112791 8819 6730

1
DAY H24 NIGHT H24 H24
25-30 55-60
34071 Volmet 114.10
MET Report TREND
cont.
MET Report
Baku (Bina), Tehran, Makhachkala, Tbilisi, Turkmenbashi, Ashgabat, Almaty, Tashkent Bangkok
Bangkok
Bangkok Radio
66761 113871 29651
H24 2310-1145 1210-2245
10-15 & 40-45
SIGMET2 MET Report/ SPECIAL TREND MET Report2 TREND2 Forecast
Yangon, Kuala Lumpur, Dhaka (Zia Intl), Chiang Mai, U-Taphao, Phuket Bangkok Beirut, Larnaca, Damascus, Amman, Cairo, Baghdad, Abadan, Kuwait, Bahrain, Istanbul (Ataturk), Ankara (Esenboga), Tehran Cairo, Alexandria, Aswan, Luxor, Beirut, Damascus, Larnaca, Athens, Benghazi, Khartoum, Jeddah Dubai
Beirut (Rafic Hariri Intl)
Volmet
126.00
H24
cont.
MET Report QNH TREND MET Report TREND MET Report TREND MET Report TREND
Cairo
Volmet
126.20
H24
cont.
Dubai
DUB
115.70
H24
cont.
Istanbul
Ataturk Volmet Broadcast
127.40
H24
cont.
Istanbul (Ataturk), Ankara (Esenboga), Izmir (Adnan Menderes), Antalya, Mugla (Dalaman), Athens, Sofia, Bucharest (Henri Coanda) Karachi, Nawabshah, Lahore (Intl), Islamabad, Delhi, Mumbai, Singapore (forecast only) Kolkata (F), Mumbai (F), Delhi (F), Dhaka, Yangon, Kathmandu
Karachi
Radio
113871 2965
1
0130-1500 1500-0130 H24 0300-1300 H24 1300-0300
15-20 & 45-50
66761 Kolkata Radio 113871 66761 29651
MET Report Forecast MET Report QNH TREND Forecast (F) SIGMET
05-10 & 35-40
Printed by: KFR1980
ME-6
METEOROLOGY
8 SEP 06

STATION Kuwait IDENT Volmet FREQS. 126.62 BROADCAST TIMES PERIOD H24 H+ cont. MET Report MET Report QNH TREND Forecast (F) only 0110-16 10 SIGMET MET Report MET Report QHN (Q) TREND MET Report MET Report Bahrain, Doha, Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Dammam, Riyadh, Tehran, Mashhad, Shiraz Mumbai (F), Colombo (F), Ahmedabad, Chennai, Karachi FORM CONTENTS & SEQUENCE
Mumbai
Radio
113871 66761 29651
0300-1300 H24 1300-0300
25-30 & 55-60
Muscat Nicosia
Control Volmet
127.40 127.20
H24 H24
cont. cont.
Muscat (Seeb Intl) and aerodromes of U.A.E. Larnaca (Q), Paphos, Athens (Q), Rhodos (Paradisi) (Q), Beirut (Q), Damascus (Q), Ankara (Q), Istanbul (Q), Tel Aviv (Q) Riyadh (King Khalid Intl)
Riyadh (King Khalid Intl) Royal Air Force
King Khalid Airport Volmet
126.40
00
5450 11253
H24
25, 55
Bahrain, Basrah, Kuwait, Al Udeid, Muscat, Trabzon, Tblisi, Baku, Ashgabat, Kabul, Kandahar, Salalah, Thumrait Sharjah Ben Gurion
Sharjah Tel Aviv (Ben Gurion) 1. SSB only 2. as available
SHJ Ben Gurion
112.30 126.80
H24 H24
cont. cont.
MET Report MET Report TREND
Printed by: KFR1980
16 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
ME-21
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AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE (ATIS) - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA
ATIS
The listing below includes airports served by an ATIS within Middle East Chart coverage. Airports are listed alphabetically, under the name shown on the Jeppesen Instrument Approach Charts, with civil airports by city name, followed by airport name when AIRPORT LOCATION Abadan Abha Abu Dhabi (Intl) Adana Adana (Incirlik AB) Aden (Intl) Ahmedabad Ahwaz Akrotiri (AB) Al Ahsa Al Asad Al Taqaddum Al-Udaid Almaza (AB) Amasya (Merzifon AB) Amman (Queen Alia Intl) Ankara (Esenboga) Antalya Ardabil Aurangabad Baghdad (Intl) Bagram Bahrain (Intl) Balad (Balad Southeast) Balikesir (Balikesir AB) Balikesir (Bandirma AB) Bandar Abbass (Intl) Bangalore Bangalore (Intl) Beirut (Rafic Hariri Intl) Bhopal Bhubaneshwar Bushehr Cairo (Intl) Calicut Chennai (Intl) Chittagong (Shah Amanat Intl) Cochin (Intl) Coimbatore Dammam (King Fadh Intl) Delhi (Indira Gandhi Intl)
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different, or with military airport/facility name. ATIS information for frequencies lower than 137.00MHz is also provided on Jeppesen Instrument Approach Charts and Jeppesen Enroute Charts communications tabulations.
VOICE FACILITY VHF VHF VHF VHF UHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF
ATIS FREQ (MHz) 126.85 128.65 125.10 119.22 314.17 122.60 126.80 126.40 288.20 128.85 250.92 226.27 126.45 122.60 122.42 127.60 123.60 118.27 126.65 127.00 122.90 369.40 134.25 127.20 125.40 247.20 122.52 281.57 128.35 252.62 128.65 128.25 128.67 120.60 127.25 126.80 126.20 122.60 127.00 127.45 127.60 126.20 128.05 128.05 126.40
INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & & & & & & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep
HOURS PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO H24
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1
Printed by: KFR1980
ME-22
METEOROLOGY
16 JAN 09
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION Dhahran (King Abdulaziz AB) Dhaka (Zia Intl) Diyarbakir Doha (Intl) Dubai (Intl) Eilat Esfahan (Shahid Beheshti Intl) Eskisehir Gassim Goa (Dabolim) Guwahati Haifa Hail Hyderabad Hyderabad (Rajiv Gandhi Intl) Islamabad (Benazir Bhutto Intl) Istanbul (Ataturk) Istanbul (Sabiha Gokcen) Izmir (Adnan Menderes) Izmir (Cigli AB) Jaipur Jazan (King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz) Jeddah (King Abdulaziz Intl) Jerusalem Kabul (Intl) Kandahar Karachi (Jinnah Intl) Karaj (Payam) Kathmandu (Tribhuvan Intl) Katunayake (Bandaranaike Intl Colombo) Kayseri (Erkilet AB) Kerman Kermanshah (Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani) Khamis Mushait (King Khalid AB) King Khalid Military City Kish Island Kolkata (Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Intl) Konya (AB) Kuwait (Intl) Lahore (Allama Iqbal Intl) Larnaca (Intl)
q$z
VOICE FACILITY DHA VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF JDW VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF PIM VOR VHF KTM VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF UHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF LCA VOR
ATIS FREQ (MHz) 117.20 127.40 122.42 261.22 126.45 131.70 132.55 128.25 122.42 258.05 128.60 126.60 126.60 135.40 126.60 126.80 126.47 129.60 128.20 128.55 129.20 251.17 126.60 127.85 114.90 126.20 132.65 130.15 127.02 242.72 126.70 117.50 127.00 112.30 127.20 123.92 127.25 126.80 127.20 127.60 366.60 128.00 126.40 233.40 126.22 126.30 112.80
INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep
HOURS H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 PTO PTO H24 PTO PTO PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep
Printed by: KFR1980
16 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
ME-23
q$i

AIRPORT LOCATION Lucknow Madinah (Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Intl) Malatya (Erhac AB) Mashhad (Shahid Hashemi Nejad Intl) Milas (Bodrum) Mosul Mugla (Dalaman) Mumbai (Chhatrapati Shivaji Intl) Muscat (Intl) Nejran Patna Peshawar (Intl) Port Blair Rasht (Sardar-E-Jangal) Riyadh (King Khaled Intl) Samsun (Carsamba) Sanandaj Sari (Dasht-E-Naz) Sharjah (Intl) Shiraz (Shahid Dastghaib Intl) Tabriz (Intl) Tabuk Taif Tallil (Ali Base) Tehran (Imam Khomaini Intl) Tehran (Mehrabad Intl) Tel Aviv (Ben Gurion) Tel Aviv (Sde Dov) Thiruvananthapuram Tiruchirappalli Trabzon Uromiyeh Varanasi (Lal Bahadur Shastri) Yangon (Intl) Yazd (Shahid Sadooghi) Yenbo Zahedan (Intl)
1
VOICE FACILITY VHF PMA VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF KIA VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF TIF VOR VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF VHF
ATIS FREQ (MHz) 126.80 114.10 126.85 128.35 277.22 126.40 128.50 127.25 127.35 126.40 126.80 128.80 128.80 126.70 126.40 126.20 113.30 127.60 129.35 128.45 126.85 122.40 127.00 127.00 128.20 112.70 127.05 122.70 127.20 128.00 132.50 122.90 126.60 127.80 118.62 127.25 126.20 128.40 126.25 127.45 128.45
INFORMATION BROADCAST Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr Arr Arr Arr & & & & Dep Dep Dep Dep
HOURS PTO H24 PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 PTO H24 H24 H24 H24 (Hebrew only) H24 PTO H24 PTO PTO H24 PTO H24 PTO
Arr & Dep Arr & Dep1 Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep Arr & Dep
D-ATIS available
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
16 FEB 07
METEOROLOGY
ME-41
AUTOMATED AND CENTRALIZED METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA
ARMENIA
AUTOMATED AND CENTRALIZED METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA
AMIS-RF-Aerodrome Service
Meteorological
Information
MALDIVES
Dial Weather Telephone Tel: +960 317171 Dial Weather is an automated telephone service which provides forecast surface winds, significant weather and sea conditions for the entire territory of the Maldives.
NEPAL
Meteorological Forecast Division ATIS Broadcast Information available Area and Aerodrome coverage Telephone AFS METAR / TAF Kathmandu FIR 473382, 473268 VNKTYMYX
SYRIA
Aeronautical Meteorological Division Damascus Intl Information available Prognostic General Aviation weather chart (GWC) European significant weather chart (EVR-GWC) 500-300-250-200 hpa Area and Aerodrome coverage Telephone All of Europe including British Isles and North Africa 5430951
Meteorological Information Selfbriefing Terminal (MIST) / Obtainable at any Flight Briefing unit or office PC by dedicated line or Dial-up-facility. Information available METAR; TAF; National / Regional WX Analysis FCST charts of MSL pressure; FSC wind; Significant cloud Area and Aerodrome coverage Telephone Europe 6624353
Printed by: KFR1980
16 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
ME-51
q$i
TELEPHONE/FAX NUMBERS AND HOURS OF OPERATIONS OF MET STATIONS - MIDDLE EAST/SOUTH ASIA
AFGHANISTAN
Station Kabul ISAF KAIA MET Office Mazar-e Sharif Telephone/Fax Number [email protected] +49 67621 2508 3130 Hours H24 0230-1430Z
BAHRAIN
Station Bahrain Meteorological Service Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (17) 321175, 323073 (Forecaster), (17) 321178 (Briefing) Fax: (17) 320630 Hours H24
BANGLADESH
Station Bangladesh Meteorological Department Barisal Chittagong (Shah Amanat Intl) Coxs Bazar Dhaka (Zia Intl) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (2) 819832, 9111032 Fax: (2) 9119251 (0431) 55161 (031) 740788, 741532-41 Ext 2006, 2201 (341) 3618 (2) 8914543 HO H24 HJ H24 Hours
CYPRUS
Station Lanarca (Intl) Meteorological Department Lefkosa Telephone/Fax Number (04) 630394 Tel: +90 (392) 2271730 Fax: +90 (392) 2284250 Hours H24
EGYPT
Station Abu Simbel Al Alamain (Intl) Alexandria (Borg El Arab Intl) Alexandria (Intl) Almaza AB Aswan (Intl) Asyut (Intl) Cairo (Intl) Dakhla El Arish (Intl) El Kharga El Tor Hurghada (Intl) Luxor (Intl) Mersa Matruh Port Said Shark El Oweinat (Intl) Sharm El Sheik (Intl) St Catherine (Intl) Taba (Intl) 6th of October Telephone/Fax Number (097) 3440528 (03) 4885016 (03) 4278774 (03) 4278774 (202) 24157359 (097) 3480320 Ext. 1548 (088) 2317607 (202) 24157348 (092) 7820635 (068) 3320856 (092) 7920485 (062) 770252 (065) 3442831, 3444664 (095) 2372575 (046) 4930613 (02) 24157348, (066) 3226672 (095) 372575 (062) 601070 (069) 3470363 (069) 3601070 (02) 2653180/2 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 SR/SS H24 H24 H24 0600-SS
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
ME-52
METEOROLOGY
16 JAN 09
q$i
INDIA
Station India Meteorological Department Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (11) 24618241 to 24618247 Fax: (11) 24699216, 24623220 [email protected] (080) 25220960, 25220605 (0389) 2012390, 2573234 Hours
Bangalore Lengpui
H24 Mon-Sat: 0800-1400 LT Sun 0800-0900 LT
IRAQ
Erbil (Intl) (66) 2551557 [email protected] H24
IRAN
Station Iran Meteorological Organization Ahwaz Bandar Abbass (Intl) Esfahan (Shahid Beheshti Intl) Khark Island (Khark) Mashhad (Shahid Hashemi Nejad Intl) Shiraz (Shahid Dastghaib Intl) Tabriz (Intl) Tehran (Mehrabad Intl) Zahedan (Intl) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (021) 66004026-9 Fax: (021) 66025044 (0611) 4443044 (0761) 6665836 (0311) 3323341-3 (0772) 2824780 (0511) 3400272 (0711) 7207916 (0411) 5271002, 5227291 (021) 61022919-21, 61022225-7 (0541) 3224640 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 HJ H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
ISRAEL
Station Meteorological Service Aeronautical Meteorological Station Eilat Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (03) 9682116 Fax: (03) 9604065 [email protected] Tel: (03) 9756228/7 Fax: (03) 9795258 Tel: (08) 6363805 Fax: (08) 6363829 Hours
Ovda AB
Tel: (08) 6323304 Fax: (08) 6323006
Sat-Thu 0530-2230 LT; Fri & Day before Hol 0600-1800 LT; Sat & Hol 0700-2000 LT Sun-Thu 1200-2000 LT; Hol & Day before Hol 1200-1600 LT
JORDAN
Station Amman (Marka Intl) Amman (Queen Alia Intl) Aqaba (King Hussein Intl) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (06) 4894460 Fax: (06) 48929050 [email protected] (06) 4452901, 4452904 Tel: (03) 2012111 Ext. 244 Fax (03) 2013608 Hours H24 H24 H24
KUWAIT
Station Kuwait (Intl)
q$z
Telephone/Fax Number 24721427, 24710265
Hours H24
Printed by: KFR1980
16 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
ME-53
q$i
LEBANON
Station Beirut (Rafic Hariri Intl) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (01) 628187 Fax: (01) 629046 [email protected] Hours H24
MALDIVES
Station National Meteorological Centre Gan Island (Gan) Male (Intl) Kadhdhoo Island (Kadhdhoo) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: 3326200 Fax: 3315509, 3341797 [email protected] Fax: 6898007 Fax: 3323084 Fax: 6800731 Hours H24 H24 H24 H12
NEPAL
Station Department of Hydrology & Meteorology Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (01) 215979, (01) 212151 Fax: (01) 224648 Hours
OMAN
Station Civil Aviation Affairs Mukhaizna Muscat (Intl) Salalah Telephone/Fax Number Tel: 24519360, 24519364 Fax: 24519363 Tel: 24588401 Fax: 92822953 [email protected] 24519330, 24519364 (forecaster) 23204 182/184/185 Hours H24 Sat-Wed SR-SS; Thu & Fri OR H24 H24
PAKISTAN
Station Islamabad (Benazir Bhutto Intl)) Karachi (Jinnah Intl) Lahore (Allama Iqbal Intl) Multan (Intl) Quetta (Samungli) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (051) 50502267 Fax: (051) 9280036 Tel: (021) 4671302, 4671322, 4671300 Fax: (021) 9248282 [email protected] Tel: (061) 9200763, 9200301 Ext. 5064 Tel: (081) 9202316, 9202413 Fax: (081) 437117 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
SAUDI ARABIA
Station Abha Al Ahsa Al Baha Al Dawadmi (Prince Salman Bin Abdulaziz) Al Jouf Arar Bisha Dammam (King Fahd Intl) Dhahran (King Abdulaziz AB) Gassim Guriat Hail Telephone/Fax Number (07) 2276034, Forecaster: (07) 2276035 (03) 5868864 (07) 7290877, 7290044, 7290766 (01) 6434142 or Jeddah CFO (02) 6532173 (04) 6246940 (04) 6622875 (07) 6226022 (03) 8836152 (03) 3302561 (06) 3800203 (04) 6425416 Tel:(06) 5321005 or Jeddah MWO (02) 6532173, 6532197 Fax: (02) 6530197 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
ME-54
METEOROLOGY
16 JAN 09
Station Jazan (King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz) Jeddah (King Abdulaziz Intl) Khamis Mushait (King Khaled AB) Madinah (Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Intl) Nejran Qaisumah (Hafr Al-Batin) Rafha Riyadh (AB) Riyadh (King Khaled Intl) Sharurah Tabuk Taif Turaif Wadi Al Dawasir Wejh Yenbo Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (07) 3221226 or Jeddah MWO (02) 6532173, 6532197 Fax: (02) 6530197 Tel: (02) 6857599 or Jeddah MWO (02) 6532173, 6532197 Fax: (02) 6530197 (07) 2520611 Tel: (04) 8420106 Fax: (04) 8373224 Tel/Fax: (04) 8420015 (Forecaster) (07) 5440445 (03) 7222942 (04) 6760820 (01) 4763396, 4793564 Tel: (01) 2211584, 2211583 or Jeddah MWO (02) 6532173, 6532197 Fax: (02) 6530197 (07) 5321246 (04) 4222620 or Jeddah MWO (02) 6532173, 6532197 Fax: (02) 6530197 (02) 7262539 or Jeddah CFO (02) 6532173, 6532197 Fax: (02) 6530197 (04) 6521760 (01) 7823020 (04) 4421880 (04) 3222218 or Jeddah MWO (02) 6532173, 6532197 Fax: (02) 6530197 Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H18 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
q$i
SRI LANKA
Station Katunayake (Bandaranaike Intl Colombo) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (11) 2252721 (Direct Line) Tel: (11) 2263924/5 (Duty meteorologist) Tel: (11) 2263926 (Communication) Tel: (11) 2263927 (Briefing Office) Tel: (11) 2263928 (Observatory - Met farm) Fax: (11) 2252319 (11) 2634715 Hours H24
Ratmalana (Colombo)
H24
SYRIA
Station Telephone/Fax Number Meteorological Damascus Ministry 116620552/4 of defense [email protected] Hours
TURKEY
Station General Directorate of Turkish State Meteorological Service Telephone/Fax Number Hours Tel: (312) 3601783, 3597545 Ext: 2575, 2576, 2577 Tel: (312) 3022575, 3022576, 3022577 Fax: (312) 3593430, 3597568, 3602551, 3585414 H24 Tel/Fax: (322) 4359174 H24 Tel: (322) 3162577 Fax: (322) 3327549 0500-1500 and by Tel: (416) 2142466 Fax: (416) 2142467 Notam Tel: (272) 2163922 Fax: (272) 2165377 H24 Tel: (472) 2154253 Fax: (472) 2161062 0500-1500 and by Notam
Adana Adana (Incirlik AB) Adiyaman Afyon Agri
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
16 JAN 09
METEOROLOGY
ME-55
Station Amasya (Merzifon) Ankara (Akinci) Ankara (Esenboga) Ankara (Etimesgut) Ankara (Guvercinlik) Antalya Balikesir Balikesir (Bandirma) Balikesir (Korfez) Batman Bursa (Yenisehir) Canakkale Denizli (Cardak) Diyarbakir Elazig Erzincan Erzurum Eskisehir Eskisehir (Anadolu) Eskisehir (Sivrihisar) Gaziantep Hatay Isparta (S. Demirel) Istanbul (Ataturk) Istanbul (Sabiha Gokcen) Istanbul (Samandira) Izmir (Adnan Menderes) Izmir (Cigli) Izmir (Kaklic) Izmit (Cengiz Topel) Kahramanmaras Kars Kayseri (Erkilet) Konya Malatya (Erhac) Manisa (Akhisar) Mardin Mugla (Dalaman) Mugla (Milas-Bodrum) Mus Nevsehir (Kapadokya) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (358) 5362310 Fax: (358) 5230125 Tel/Fax: (312) 8111791 Tel: (312) 3980307 Fax: (312) 3980501 Tel/Fax: (312) 2431042 Tel/Fax: (312) 3972493 Tel: (242) 3303075, Fax: (242) 3303076 Tel: (266) 2459481 Fax: (266) 2492009 Tel: (266) 7132737 Fax: (266) 71342922 Tel: (266) 3761345 Fax: (266) 3761346 Tel/Fax: (488) 2129053 Tel: (224) 7732669 Fax: (224) 7732668 Tel: (286) 2135719 Fax: (286) 2135720 Tel: (258) 8512885 Fax: (258) 8512784 Tel: (412) 2243477 Fax (412) 2246038 Tel: (424) 2555582 Fax: (424) 2555855 Tel: (446) 2236329 Fax: (446) 2231127 Tel: (442) 3272660 Fax: (442) 3273273 Tel: (222) 2375934 Fax: (222) 2272438 Tel: (222) 3222059 Fax: (222) 3213550 Tel/Fax: (222) 7114427 Tel/Fax: (342) 5821222 Tel: (326) 2351256 Tel: (246) 5592025 Fax: Tel: (212) 6630796 Fax: Tel: (216) 5855130 Fax: Tel: (216) 3123981 Fax: Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 0500-1500 and Notam 0300-1800 and Notam H24 0500-1500 and Notam 0500-1500 and Notam H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 0500-1500 and Notam 0500-1500 and Notam H24 By Notam H24 H24 H24 0500-1500 and Notam H24 H24 0500-1500 and Notam H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 0500-1500 and Notam 0500-1500 and Notam H24 H24 0500-1500 and Notam 0500-1500 and Notam
q$i
by by
by by
by by
(246) (212) (216) (216)
5592015 6630795 5880016 8138205
by
Tel: (232) 2742158 Fax: (232) 2742070 Tel: (232) 3761615 Fax: (232) 3764215 Tel: (432) 3275393 Tel: (362) 3713733 Fax: (362) 3712383 Tel: (344) 2366143 Fax: (344) 2366048 Tel: (474) 2125047 Fax: (474) 2125048 Tel: (352) 3512111 Fax: (352) 2512101 Tel/Fax: (332) 3450435 Tel: (422) 3238468 Fax: (422) 3251927 Tel: (236) 4123158 Fax (236) 4122715 Tel/Fax: (482) 3132106 Tel: (252) 7925269 Fax: (252) 7925268 Tel: (252) 5366580 Fax: (252) 5230125 Tel/Fax: (436) 2130155 Tel/Fax: (384) 4214435
by
by by
by by
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980
ME-56
METEOROLOGY
16 JAN 09
Station Samsun (Carsamba) Sanliurfa (Gap) Siirt Sinop Sivas Tekirdag (Corlu) Tokat Trabzon Usak Van (Ferit Melen) Yalova Zonguldak (Caycuma) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (362) 8448125 Fax: (362) 8448166 Tel/Fax: (414) 3781133 Tel/Fax: (484) 2542004 Tel: (368) 2611992 Fax: (368) 2602111 Tel: (346) 2248611 Fax: (346) 2249323 Tel: (282) 6824022 Fax: (282) 6824021 Tel: (356) 2387274 Fax: (356) 2387171 Tel: (462) 3256748 Fax: (462) 3250786 Tel: (276) 2533748 Fax: (276) 2533747 Tel: (432) 2171986 Fax: (432) 2170077 Tel: (262) 8141690 Fax: (262) 8130318 Tel: (372) 2571741 Fax: (372) 2574073 Hours H24 H24 0500-1500 and Notam 0500-1500 and Notam 0500-1500 and Notam H24 0500-1500 and Notam H24 0500-1500 and Notam H24 0500-1500 and Notam 0500-1500 and Notam
q$i
by by by
by
by
by by
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Station Abu Dhabi (Intl) Al Ain (Intl) Dubai (Intl) Fujairah (Intl) Ras Al Khaimah (Intl) Sharjah (Intl) Telephone/Fax Number Tel: (02) 5053676, 5757346 Fax: (02) 5757326 (03) 7855302 Tel: (04) 2162072, 2162216 Fax: (04) 2245461 Tel (09) 2055507 Fax: (09) 2223149 [email protected] Tel: (07) 2448111 Fax: (07) 2448091 Tel: (06) 5084681 Fax: (06) 5581460 [email protected] Hours H24 H24 H24 H24 H24 H24
YEMEN
Station Aden (Intl) Sanaa (Intl) Telephone/Fax Number (02) 232687 Tel: (01) 345288 Fax: (01) 345865 Hours H24 H24
q$z
Printed by: KFR1980

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19 DEC 08

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN, 1995, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN, 1995, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN, 1995, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN, 1995, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 2006, 2007. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. .

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 2006, 2007. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 2006. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 2006. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN 2006, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. .

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

CLOUD HEIGHT DATUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23 FORECAST AMENDMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AU-23

JEPPESEN 2006, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

AU-38 AU-38 AU-38 AU-38 AU-38 AU-40 AU-40 AU-41 AU-42

JEPPESEN 2006, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. .

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN 2006, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

JEPPESEN SANDERSON, INC., 2006, 2007. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

7-1-24 7-1-25 7-1-26 7-1-27 7-1-28 7-1-29 7-1-30 7-1-31

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS

AERONAUTICAL ENROUTE INFORMATION SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Japan-1

JEPPESEN 2006, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3

JEPPESEN, 1999, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3

TERMS USED WITH A LIMITED MEANING

JEPPESEN, 1999, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Printed by: KFR1980

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR INTERNATIONAL AIR NAVIGATION - ANNEX 3

CHAPTER 2 GENERAL PROVISIONS

SUPPLY, QUALITY ASSURANCE AND USE OF METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION

JEPPESEN, 1999, 2008. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.