CONTRIBUTION AND LIFE HISTORY OF SRINIVASA AYANGAR RAMANUJAN (1887-1920)

THE GREATEST NUMBER CRUNCHER THAT EVER LIVED!!

THE GREATEST EVER NUMBER CRUCHER??

EARLY LIFE
Born : 22 December 1887 in Erode Tamil Nadu Father, K. Srinivasa Iyengar, a clerk in a sari shop Mother, Komalatammal housewife Lived in town of Kumbakonam Suffered but survived smallpox in December 1889 Moved to Kanchipuram, near Madras (now Chennai) in later life

EARLY EDUCATION
Educated : local school. In March 1894, moved to a Telugu medium school Kanchipuram, then enrolled in the Kangayan Primary School. Passed primary examination and stood first in the district at Town High School Kumbakonam (1898). Mastered advanced trigonometry written by S. L. Loney at the age of 13 years.

EARLY SIGNS OF A GENIUS AT 7 YEARS?

Once his teacher said that when zero is divided by any number, the result is zero. Ramanujan immediately asked his teacher, whether zero divided by zero gives zero; This shows early signs of his genius!

EARLY SIGNS OF MATHEMATICAL GENIUS

Completed

mathematical exams in half the allotted time, and showed a familiarity with geometry and infinite series He was shown how to solve cubic equations. Developed his own method to solve the quadratic equations In 1903 when he was 16, Ramanujan obtained from a friend a library-loaned copy of a book by G. S. Carr. The book was titled A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics and was a collection of 5000 theorems. Independently developed and investigated the Bernoulli numbers and had calculated the Euler Mascheroni constant up to 15 decimal places.

ADULTHOOD
He was a self-taught Mathematician. But when he took his exam, he passed in Maths, but failed in other subjects because of his disinterest. So, he couldnt enter the university of Madras for further studies. He married a nine years old girl named Janaki Ammal at the age of 22 but he did not live with his wife till she reached the age of 12. With his extraordinary talent, people around him helped to take his achievements known to other Internationally renowned mathematicians .

BECOMING A MATHEMATICIAN
Ramanujan met deputy collector V. Ramaswamy Aiyer, who had recently founded the Indian Mathematical Society. Ramanujan, wishing for a job at the revenue department where Ramaswamy Aiyer worked, showed him his mathematics notebooks.

SUPPORT

FROM

FRIENDS

Ramanujan's friend, C. V. Rajagopalachari, persisted with Ramachandra Rao for discussions and support . Ramanujan discussed elliptic integrals, hypergeometric series, and his theory of divergent series Rao asked him what he wanted, Ramanujan replied that he needed some work and financial support Rao consented and sent him to Madras.

EARLY HURDLES

In the spring of 1913, Narayana Iyer, Ramachandra Rao and E. W. Middlemast tried to present Ramanujan's work to British mathematicians. He said that although Ramanujan had "a taste for mathematics, and some ability Although Hill did not offer to take Ramanujan on as a student, he did give thorough and serious professional advice on his work. With the help of friends, Ramanujan drafted letters to leading mathematicians at Cambridge University.[59] The first two professors, H. F. Baker and E. W. Hobson, returned Ramanujan's papers without comment. One of the theorems Hardy found so incredible was found on the bottom of page three (valid for 0 < a < b + 1/2):

ACHIEVEMENTS
In mathematics, there is a distinction between having an insight and having a proof. Ramanujan's talent suggested a plethora of formulae that could then be investigated in depth later. Ramanujan's discoveries are unusually rich and that there is often more to them than initially meets the eye. Examples of the most interesting of these formulae include the intriguing infininte series for , which he calculated.

NUMBERS BEST FRIEND!!

SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN

AND HIS MAGIC SQUARE

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE This square looks like any other normal magic square. But this is formed by great mathematician of our country Srinivasa Ramanujan. What is so great in it?

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE Sum of numbers of any row is 139. What is so great in it.?

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE Sum of numbers of any column is also 139.

Oh, this will be there in any magic square.

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

What is so great in it..?

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE Sum of numbers of any diagonal is also 139.

Oh, this also will be there in any magic square.

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

What is so great in it?

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE Sum of corner numbers is also 139.

Interesting?

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE Look at these possibilities. Sum of identical coloured boxes is also 139.
Interesting..?

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE Look at these possibilities. Sum of identical coloured boxes is also 139.
Interesting..?

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE Look at these central squares. Interesting?

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE Can you try these combinations?

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

Interesting..?

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE Try these combinations also? Interesting...?

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11

RAMANUJANS MAGIC SQUARE It is 22nd Dec 1887.

22
88 10 19

12
17 24 86

18
9 89 23

87
25 16 11
WE SHOULD BE PROUD TO BE AN INDIAN Yes. It is 22.12.1887

QUICK PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY

Compared to Heegner numbers, which have class number 1 and yield similar formulae, Ramanujan's series for converges extraordinarily rapidly (exponentially) and forms the basis of some of the fastest algorithms currently used to calculate .. One of his remarkable capabilities was the rapid solution for problems. He was sharing a room with P. C. Mahalanobis who had a problem Imagine that you are on a street with houses marked 1 through n. There is a house in between (x) such that the sum of the house numbers to left of it equals the sum of the house numbers to its right. If n is between 50 and 500, what are n and x?" This is a bivariate problem with multiple solutions. Ramanujan thought about it and gave the answer with a twist: He gave a continued fraction

Ramanujan himself supplied the solution to the problem

1 8

1 2.4

1 2 16

1 2 1 15 1 2 1 3 25 1 2 1 3 1 4.6

1 2 1 3.5

1 2 1 3 1 24
ntia l 26

Con 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 35 .......... fide

1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 .....

RAMANUJAN PETERSSON
CONJECTURE

Although there are numerous statements that could bear the name Ramanujan conjecture, there is one statement that was very influential on later work. In particular, the connection of this conjecture with conjectures of Andr Weil in algebraic geometry opened up new areas of research. That Ramanujan conjecture is an assertion on the size of the Taufunction It was finally proved in 1973, as a consequence of Pierre Deligne's proof of the Weil conjectures. The reduction step involved is complicated. Deligne won a Fields Medal in 1978 for his work on Weil conjectures.

RAMANUJAN HARDY NUMBER

The number 1729 is known as the HardyRamanujan number after a famous anecdote of the British mathematician G. H. Hardy regarding a visit to the hospital to see Ramanujan. In Hardy's words I remember once going to see him when he was ill at Putney. I had ridden in taxi cab number 1729 and remarked that the number seemed to me rather a dull one, and that I hoped it was not an unfavorable omen. 1729 = 13 + 123 = 93 + 103.Generalizations of this idea have created the notion of "taxicab numbers". Coincidentally, 1729 is also a Carmichael number.

Actual Taxi photo

RAMANUJAM HARDY NUMBER

THE

SMALLEST NATURAL NUMBER CAN BE

REPRESENTED IN TWO DIFFERENT WAYS AS

A SUM OF TWO CUBES:

1729=13 +123 =93 +103 IT IS ALSO INCIDENTALLY

THREE PRIME NUMBERS

THE PRODUCT OF

RAMANUJAM HARDY NUMBER

LARGEST KNOWN SIMILAR NUMBER
IS

885623890831
=75113 +77303

=87593+59783
RAMANUJAN WAS INDEED A FRIEND OF NUMBERS.

CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEOREY OF PARTITIONS

A partition of a natural number n is a sequence of nondecreasing positive integers whose sum is n.

No. of PARTITIONS

1
2 3 4 5 6

1
2 3 5 7 11

EXAMPLE:

FOR N=4,PARTITIONS ARE 4=4 =1+3 =2+2 =1+1+2 =1+1+1+1 P(4)=5,WHETHER P IS A PARTITION FUNCTION

Con fide ntia l 32

The highest highly composite number listed by Ramanujan is 6746328388800

Having 10080 factors

BOOKS

BY

RAMANUJAM

Srinivasa Ramanujan, G. H. Hardy, P. V. Seshu Aiyar, B. M. Wilson, Bruce C. Berndt (2000). Collected Papers of Srinivasa Ramanujan. AMS. ISBN 0-8218-2076-1. Originally published in 1927 after Ramanujan's death. It contains the 37 papers published in professional journals by Ramanujan during his lifetime S. Ramanujan (1957). Notebooks (2 Volumes). Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. These books contain photocopies of the original notebooks as written by Ramanujan. S. Ramanujan (1988). The Lost Notebook and Other Unpublished Papers. New Delhi: Narosa. ISBN 3-54018726-X. This book contains photo copies of the pages of the "Lost Notebook".Problems posed by Ramanujan, Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society. S. Ramanujan (2012). Notebooks (2 Volumes). Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.This was produced from scanned and microfilmed images of the original manuscripts

THE BOOKS OF RAMANUJAN

CALCULATIONS
HANDWRITING

OF

RAMANUJAN

IN HIS OWN

12/11/2013

Source:

Confidential 35

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Source:

Confidential 36

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Source:

Confidential 37

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Source:

Confidential 38

MOCK THETA FUNCTIONS

SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN ONCE SAID:

Con fide ntia l 40

TOUGH LIFE IN ENGAND

Pure Vegetarian meals was not easily available He once said of his own condition When food is a problem, how may I find money for paper? I may require 4 reams of paper every month. Too busy with calculations and very often neglected food and spent working till late night The cold and damp weather affected his health severely. He suffered from Tuberculosis. He returned to India after that.

We will always miss this Great Mathematician

RAMANUJAN SAILED TO INDIAN ON 27 FEBRUARY 1919 AND ARRIVED ON 13
MARCH HOWEVER HIS HEALTH WAS VERY POOR. TH Con HE PASSED AWAY ON 26 fide APRILntia 1920 AT l KUMBAKONAM(TAMIL NAIDU)42

Source:

RECOGNITION BY GOVT OF INDIA

The Prime Minister of India, Dr. Manmohan Singh has declared the year 2012 as the

National Mathematical Year and

the date December 22, being the birthday of Srinivasa Ramanujan has been declared as the

National Mathematics day to be celebrated

every year

SUMMARY

Ramanujan had found the method to find the value of upto millions of decimal places Ramanujam found new and quick ways to solve mathematical problems which have shown the way to other mathematicians around the world. The path he has shown helped design algorithms currently being developed over 100 years after he passed away.
STILL SHOWING US THE WAY IN THE FIELD OF MATHEMATICS WITH HIS AMAZING CONTRIBUTIONS!!