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    9 views2 pages

    1.1 Sub Chapter Notes

    Uploaded by

    Me, Myself and I

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

     

    Properties, Identities, & Inverses


    • Distributive property: a (b + c) = ab + ac.
    • Identities: values that operate without causing any change.
    • Inverses: values that operate to produce the identity.
    • Commutative property: a + b = b + a; ab = ba.
    • Associative property: a + b + c = (a + b) + c = a + (b + c); abc = (ab)c = a(bc).
    • Multiplying by 0: The answer always is 0.

    The distributive property requires that a number attached


    to parentheses multiply with every quantity contained in the
    parentheses.

    It may be possible to combine within the parentheses and


    then multiply. More often, the multiplication must be done
    first.

    An identity is a value that operates without creating any


    change. There are two identities:

    0 is the additive identity. It can be added without changing


    any number to which it is added.

    1 is the multiplicative identity. It can be multiplied without


    changing any number with which it multiplies.

    An inverse is the number that can operate with a given


    number to produce the identity.

    The additive inverse for any number is that number with the
    opposite sign. When the number and its inverse are added,
    the result is 0.

    The multiplicative inverse for any number is the reciprocal


    of that number. When the number and its inverse are
    multiplied, the result is 1.

    Remember: the reciprocal of any number is the number


    flipped on its head.

    The commutative property indicates that numbers can be


    added or multiplied in any order to get the same answer.

    In this example, two numbers are added together. Regardless


    of which comes first, the addition produces the same result.

    In this example, two numbers are multiplied together.


    Regardless of which come first, the multiplication produces
    the same result.

    This property does not hold for subtraction or division.

    www.thinkwell.com © Thinkwell Corp. 1 


     

    The associative property indicates that numbers can be


    grouped in any combination for addition and multiplication
    and the operation will produce the same result.

    In this addition example, the numbers are grouped in two


    ways to show that the final result is the same regardless of
    the grouping.

    In this multiplication problem the same point is made, again


    showing the numbers grouped differently but producing the
    same answer.

    The number 0 presents special issues for the operations of


    multiplication and division.

    Multiplication with 0 always produces 0 as the answer. The


    underlying cause of that result is that if there are 0 quantities
    of any set of objects, there are 0 objects.

    Dividing by 0 is never done.

    As shown in this example, division depends on knowing that


    the dividing number multiplied with the answer produces the
    original number.

    There is no number that multiplies with 0 to produce any


    original number. Therefore, division by 0 cannot be done.

     2 © Thinkwell Corp. www.thinkwell.com

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