1. Which of the following liquid penetrants would require the shortest penetrant dwell time?

One with low viscosity One with high viscosity One with a medium viscosity Viscosity has no effect on dwell time 2. Which of the following emuslifiers will diffuse into oil based penetrants at the fastest rate?

One with a viscosity of 100 centistokes One with a viscosity of 30 centistokes One with a viscosity of 60 centistokes Viscosity does not affect diffusion rate 3. Aluminium comparatpr blocks which are used for comparison tests are re cracked at which of the following temperatures after initial use?

900 degrees farenheit 800 degrees celsius 900 degrees celsius 800 degress farenheit 4. What is the benefit of using visible dye penetrant over a fluorescent penetrant?

It is easier to remove the excess background Greater sensitivity is obtained No special lighting is required All the above are benefits 5. Flash point relates to which of the following?

Temperature at which vapour spontaneously ignites Temperature at which liquid spontaneously ignites Temperature at which a liquid ignites in the presence of a small flame Temperature at which the vapours given off from a liquid ignite in the presence of a small flame 6. Which of the following is also known as a self-emulsifiable penetrant?

Solvent removable Water washable

Post emulsifiable Oil based penetrant 7. The 'Cleveland open cup test' is a test for which of the following?

Specific Gravity Viscosity Chemical inertness Flash point 8. Which of the following is considered to be the most sensitive developer when used with a fluorescent post emulsifiable penetrant?

Dry Powder Aqueous soluble Non aqueous wet Aqueous suspnedible All developers have the same sensitivity 9. For what purpose is a refractometer used in liquid pentrant inspection?

Checking specific gravity of lipophilic emulsifier Checking sensitivity of water soluble wet developer Checking concentration of hyrdrophilic remover Checking particle enisty of dry powder 10. Water will at some time contaminate liquid penetrant but hopefully with oil based penetrant this water will not mix and fall to the bottom of the tank. For this to occur how does the specific gravity of the pentrant compare to that of water?

It normally has a specific gravity more than one It normally has a specific gravity more than water It normally has a specific gravity less than one Specific gravity has nothing to do with density 11. Hydrophillic remover is diluted with water prior to use. What percentage of remover mixed with water generally gives best sensitivity due to greater control over excess background remover?

20% 30%

1% 5% 12. Which of the following developers work partly by solvent action which expands the volume of dye trapped within a fault?

Aqueous suspendible Non aqueous wet Dry powder Aqueous soluble Both aqueous suspenidble and non aqueous wet All of the above 13. Which of the following is an advantage of using a dry powder developer?

Gives a contrasting background for colour contrast penetrants Ease of application Gives corrosive coating which needs to be quickly removed Vapours given off can become toxic 14. Wettability of a liwuid penetrant is controlled by which of the following factors?

Cosine of the contact angle Viscosity Surface tension Both cosine of the contact angle and surface tension 15. The contact angle for most commercial liquid penetrants has which of the values listed below?

Less than 5 degrees Less than 10 degrees Only needs to be less than 89 degrees Contact angles do not affect wettability 16. Fluorescent liquid penetrants after absorbing black light emitted from the mercury vapour arc lamp, emit radiation in which of the following ranges?

360 - 370 nM 535 - 575 nM

670 - 720 nM 315 - 400 nM 17. Which of the following materials is most affected by the presence of sulphur and chlorine in penetrant materials?

Ferritic stainless steel Martensitic stainless steel Austenitic stainless steel Low carbon steel All the above are equally affected Ferritic stainless steel, Martensitic stainless steel, and Austenitic stainless steel are all equally affected 18. Which of the following processes is preferred for the inspection of glass?

Fluorescent post emulsifiable Electrified particle Colour contrast water washable Solvent removable dual sensitivity 19. The testing of porous materials with liquid penetrants has always posed problems due to the excessive background that is always observed. Which technique has been developed to overcome the inspection of such material?

Electrified particle inspection Fluorescent high viscosity oil vehicle Filtered particle Small particle filtered sieve method 20. Which of the following developers can be applied directly to a wet surface after water washing to remove excess background penetrant?

Non aqueous wet Aqueous soluble Dry powder Aqueous suspendible All the above can be directly applied Only aqueous soluble and aqueous suspendible Non aqueous wet, aqueous soluble and aqueous suspendible can be directly applied 21. When using liquid penetrants to inspect plastic or composite materials, how long should scrap pieces of such materials be immersed into the penetrants to determine any deterioration caused by chemical reaction?

60 minutes 24 hours 5 days 28 days 22. Which of the following are actions by which a non aqueous developer works in conjunction with a colour contrast penetrant?

Solvent action Capillary action Detergent action Both solvent and capillary action All of them 23. Which of the following types of contaminent are unlikely to be removed using vapour degresing techniques?

Carbon deposits Iron oxide Varnish Both carbon deposits and iron oxide All of the them 24. Which of the following solents is best for the vapour degreasing process?

Acetone Methyl chloroform Carbon tetrachloride All the above can be used Acetone and methyl chloroform only 25. When applying liquid penetrants with ultrasonic excitation to large parts what is the choice of frequency for best penetrating power?

Low frequency but above 20 kHz High frequency above 5 mHz Low frequency above 5 kHz Frequency does not aid penetrating power

1. One with low viscosity 2. One with a viscosity of 30 centistokes

3. 800 degress farenheit 4. No special lighting is required 5. Temperature at which the vapours given off from a liquid ignite in the presence of a small flame 6. Water washable 7. Flash point 8. Non aqueous wet 9. Checking concentration of hyrdrophilic remover 10. It normally has a specific gravity less than one 11. 5% 12. Non aqueous wet 13. Ease of application 14. Both cosine of the contact angle and surface tension 15. Less than 5 degrees 16. 535 - 575 nM 17. Austenitic stainless steel 18. Electrified particle 19. Filtered particle 20. Only aqueous soluble and aqueous suspendible 21. 28 days 22. Both solvent and capillary action 23. All of the them 24. Methyl chloroform 25. Low frequency but above 20 kHz
1. When applying liquid penetrant by the dip / drain technique, how is the process affected from sinply dipping for the entire dwell time?

Allows water washable excess background penetrant to be removed easier Gives an increase in sensitivity Gives a reduction in sensitivity Allows smaller faults to be detected than with just a dip technique It gives an increase in sensitivity and it allows smaller faults to be detected than with just a dip technique 2. Which of the following temperature ranges would best be used for removal of excess background penetrant using a water wash?

20 - 30 degrees Farenheit 60 - 80 degrees Celsius 21 - 27 K 20 - 30 degrees Celsius 3. Under normal circumstances how long is considered to be sufficient time to become dark adapted (ie: scotopic vision) prior to fluorescent penetrant evaluation?

20 minutes 300 seconds 30 seconds 1200 seconds 4. Which sensors on the retina are responsible for vision in a darkened area?

Rods Cones Iris Both rods and cones 5. Which of the following is a detergent type penetrant remover?

Lipophilic emulsifier Solvent remover Hydrophillic remover All are detergent based 6. When using a dual sensitivity penetrant for incpection under both black and white light, what is the normal colour of indications viewed under white light?

Yellow / Green Red Blue Black 7. By which mechanism do liphophilic enulsifers work?

Diffraction Solvent action Detergent action Diffusion 8. What other gas is incorporated in the cartridge of a merucry vaopur arc lamp to help initiate the vaporisation of mercury?

Krypton Argon

Neon Carbon 9. Below what value of radiation wavelength is it considered to be dangerous for the xposure ?

3200 angstroms 360 nM 3200 nM 365 nM 10. When processing parts through an automated production line, which of the following would be considered the best method of penerant application?

Dip and drain Automated brush Electrostatic spray Gravity fed spray 11. Dwell time is predominantly determined by which of the following parameters?

Surface roughness Width of fault to be detected Type of contaminent on parts surface Grade of steel component is made from 12. Which material inparticular should not be post cleaned with 1-1-1 tricloethane?

Martesitic stainless steel Titanium Low carbon steel Ferritic stainless steel Both martensitic stainless steel and ferritic stainless steel 13. Detergent cleaning is a satisfactory method of pre and post cleaning a wide range of materials within a penetrant process. At what temperature should detergents be used for optimum detergency?

40 degrees celsius 20 degrees celsius

80 degrees celsius 120 degrees celsius 14. Into which of the following penetrant removers can a part be immeresed for upto 20 minutes and still give satisfactory indications showing the presence of faults?

Lipophilic emulsifier Solvent Water Hydrophillic remover Both water and hydrophillic remover 15. Which of the following developers does not require agitation prior to use?

Aqueous soluble Aqueous suspendable Non aqueous particulate All the above require agitation prior to use 16. Plastic film developer is a little used form of developer, but its advantage is that the developer along with indications which have been bled out and been fixed within the plastic can be peeled away and kept as hard copies. How many coats of plastic film developer need to be applied so that it can indeed be peeld away succesfully?

Only one is ever applied 5 2 Plastic film developer is not peelable from a parts surface 17. Black light intensity from a UVA lamp is usually measured in which of the following units?

Nanometers Micro watts per centimetre squared Lux Foot candles Either micro watts per centimetre squared or lux 18. Which of the following would be the most difficult to detect with liquid?

Fatigue crack Intergranular stress corrosion

Non metallic inclusion Porosity 19. The oxide grit blasted half of a tam panel is used to assess which of the following factors?

Sensitivity Fluorescent brightness Viscosity Washability of background 20. Which of the following industries / applications would you most likely find the filtered particle inspection process being used in?

Brass foundry Carbide inserts for cutting tools Die castings Turbine blades 21. After water washing away any excess background flourescent penetran an aqueous soluble developer is to be used. When can this type of developer be applied?

After the surface has been dried following water washing Directly after water washing prior to drying Both could be correct Neither are correct 22. Which of the following pieces of equipment is used to measure specific gravity?

Tag closed cup Hydrometer Viscometer Gravimetric flask 23. In which of the following materials would water be a major contaminant?

Lipophilic emuslifier Hydrophilic remover Water washable liquid penetrant All of the above Lipophilic emulsifier and water washable liquid penetrant only

24. Which of the following tests gives a method where by its possible to estimate the ability of a penetrant to fluoresce in thin films?

Filter paper spot test Water drop test Meniscus spot test Hydrometer test 25. Which of the following units give a true measure of the energy given off at 365 nM from a black light source?

Foot candle Lux Micro watt per sq cm All of the above 26. An unflitered selenium cell if used in liquid penetrant inspection, for which of the following applications?

For the measurement of visible radiation For the measurement of fluorescence For the measurement of UV-A radiation For both the measurement of visible radiation and the measurement of fluorescence 27. Wettability is a function of which of the following properties?

Surface tension Viscosity Contact angle All the above Surface tension and contact angle 28. The following are all types of developer used in liquid penetrant inspection, but which could be bought initially as dry powders?

Aqueous soluble Non aqueous suspendible Dry powder All the above Non aqueous suspendible and dry powder only 29. Beers law can show that dilution expansion developers should not really work with modern penetrant systems and as ssuch should show no penetrant indication response. Luckily it seems that Beers Law does not hold true when developers are applied in

thin films and even shows some indications that would not be visible with other developers. Which of the following developers would be classes as dilution expnasion developers?

Non aqueous Aqueous suspendible Plastic film Dry powders Only aqueous suspendible 30. Fusible wax developers can be classed under which of the following types?

Particulate Liquid film Non aqueous All of the above Liquid film and non aqueous only

1. It gives an increase in sensitivity and it allows smaller faults to be detected than with just a dip technique 2. 20 - 30 degrees Celsius 3. 300 seconds 4. Rods 5. Hydrophillic remover 6. Red 7. Diffusion 8. Neon 9. 3200 angstroms 10. Electrostatic spray 11. Width of fault to be detected 12. Titanium 13. 80 degrees celsius 14. Hydrophillic remover 15. Aqueous soluble 16. 5 17. Micro watts per centimetre squared 18. Non metallic inclusion 19. Washability of background 20. Carbide inserts for cutting tools 21. Both could be correct 22. Gravimetric flask 23. Lipophilic emulsifier and water washable liquid penetrant only 24. Meniscus spot test 25. Micro watt per sq cm

26. For the measurement of visible radiation 27. Surface tension and contact angle 28. Non aqueous suspendible and dry powder only 29. Plastic film 30. Liquid film
1. Which of the following would be classed as an in service fault?

Shrinkage crack Fatigue crack Grinding crack All could be service faults 2. The following is a definition, A flaw which exceeds the minimum acceptability level. Which of the following is correct?

Discontinuity Indication Defect Crack 3. A linear indication is observed at a change in section between thin and thick material. What is the most probable cause for this bleedout?

Cold shut Shrink cracks Porosity Hot Tear Both shrink cracks and hot tear Both cold shut and shrink cracks 4. Which of the following faults is more likely to be found in a forged product?

Lap Porosity Cold shut Shrinkage Both lap and porosity 5. A number of cutting tools were insepcted with fluorescent penetrants and showed a number of fine linear type indications running in all directions on the surface of the carbide tips. What is the probable cause of these indications?

Lack of bond between tip and tool Cold shuts Grinding cracks Shrinkage crack 6. Which of the following would best be used to eliminate false indications when removing excess background fluorescent penetrant?

A black light installed at the wash station Increase the water wash pressure to 10 bar Change to a colour contrast system Carry out the inspection without a developer 7. If inclusions need to be detected using liquid penetrant inspection, how should the part be treated prior to inspection?

Smooth surface grind to pull out any oxide Machine from the surface 0.01 inche to expose the inclusions Polish the surface to reduce the penetrants contact angle increasing penetrability Pickle the part to remove the included oxide 8. Which of the following techniques would give best sensitivity when testing smooth non porous ceramic material?

Filtered particle Post emulsifiable fluorescent Water washable fluorescent All the above will give the same sensitivity Ceramics cannot be inspected with penetrants 9. Why is it important that the development period is observed at regular intervals?

To save time as soon as indications occur To see indications with highest definition To observe excessive so that the area can be dry wiped, developer re-applied for better definition of indications Both To see indications with highest definition and To observe excessive so that the area can be dry wiped, developer re-applied for better definition of indications 10. Which of the following faults would require the longest penetrant dwell time?

Fatigue cracks Stress corrosion cracks Intergranular corrosion cracks Porosity All of the above Both stress corrosion cracks and intergranular cracks 11. When carrying out leak test with a liquid penetrant which of the following is likely to give the best results?

Fluorescent green Colour contrast green Fluorescent red Colour contrast red 12. A wheel is press fitted on to a shaft with dovetail joint. When this area is penetrant inspected a regular pattern of sharo christmas tree shaped indications is observed. How are these indications classified?

False indications True - non relevant indications True - relevant indications False - non relevant 13. When parts are to be inspected and liquid oxygen compatability is of prime importance, what type of penetrant materials are preferred?

Completely water soluble materials Oil based materials Materials made from completely volatile elements Any of the above could be used 14. Which of the following can cause a fluorescent penetrant to loose some of its fluorescent brightness?

Exposure to heat Exposure to sunlight Exposure to black light All of the above 15. When de-wetting of a parts surface occurs due to contamination by oil from fingerprints, what type of glove is recommended after further cleaning to stop the reoccurence of this problem?

Rubber Cotton Leather Plastic 16. Which type of inspection would use a cheating agent in a low surface tension carrier?

Inspection of austeniti steels Inspection of plastics Inspection of composite materials Inspection of fired ceramics 17. Which of the following types of developer must be contained in closed vessels?

Dry powder Aqueous soluble Aqueous suspendible Non aqueous suspendible 18. A magnesium alloy has been die-cast and on inspection with liquid penetrant numerous rounded indications are observed on the surface particularly around changes in section. What is the most likely cause of these bleedouts?

Shrinkage Hot tears Laps Porosity 19. Which of the following processes would be affected by penetrant residues if they were not post cleaned from the parts surface?

Grinding Anodising Machining All of the above Only grinding and machining 20. When working to a magnetic particle inspection procedure, numerous small linear type indication were detected on a piece of forged bar. On subsequent inspection with high sensitivity post emulsifiable penetrant no indications were observed. What is the possible cause for this difference?

Non metallic inclusions Forging laps Shrinkage cracks The penetrant has been overwashed and removed from within faults

1. Fatigue crack 2. Defect 3. Both shrink cracks and hot tear 4. Lap 5. Grinding cracks 6. A black light installed at the wash station 7. Pickle the part to remove the included oxide 8. Post emulsifiable fluorescent 9. Both To see indications with highest definition and To observe excessive so that the area can be dry wiped, developer re-applied for better definition of indications 10. Both stress corrosion cracks and intergranular cracks 11. Fluorescent red 12. True - non relevant indications 13. Completely water soluble materials 14. All of the above 15. Cotton 16. Inspection of composite materials 17. Non aqueous suspendible 18. Porosity 19. Anodising 20. Non metallic inclusions